davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-03-06
Sources of Farm Income.

Getting back to the question of our
experiment as farmers, if we are 60
ing to make favorable showing in
cash we have got to produce some
thing to exchange for cash. James
jellies and preserves occur as a first
item of that kind, but it is open to the
Correction that she could have bought
fruit and done preserving in town,
Ihat Is true, of course, but we are GO
ing to produce as much of the fruit
sne uses as possible on our own land.
we already have made a considerable
planting of grapes, strawberries. rasp-
berries and blackberries and are going
to plant more. Also we have on the
place apples, pears, cherries. currants
ana gooseberries, which in the aggre-
gate make very considerable guam
tlty OF fruit. I suppose the court would
not admt as an argument the bare fact
that IN the city Jane didn', do preserv-
ing, ana that in the country she does
Next on the list is poultry We now
nave for sale about thirty dozen eggs a
week, and the number is constantly in
creasing. ] am frank to admit that the
past year doesn't show any balance to
the credit of chickens, not even taking
into consideration the eggs and poul-
try we have used at home. But the past
year was our first. We were inexpe-
rienced, and we were unfortunate in
the selection of our foundation stock
We have lost money, but just how much
we can't tell until Jane invoices her
stock and plant and balances her books
April ]. The poultry department is
being operated as a distinct financial
undertaking, and whatever the past
years loss is will be charged up as
part of the original capital, and 5000 of
additional is to be put into the poultry
treasury April 1. Six per cent interest
must be earned on the entire invest
ment before we will claim to be making
money on chickens
Evening star., 1915-03-06
Want Something to Sell.

But We want to do something moro
with eight acres of land than grow
vegetables for home use and supply
our table with eggs and poultry and
milk and butter. We think we oug...
to sell enough stuff to pay for our
groceries at least. In discussing the
matter at the office the other day one
of the boys contended that in figuring
whether 1t paid to live in the coun ry
I'd have to take into account interest
on our investment, now that we have
bought the place. That is true, of
course, in the case of a man who owns
a farm and farms as business, but l
don't think the rule should apply to
us. What we own is a home. The
provements to the house which will
cost about $500. making the invest
ment $3.50. At per cent the annual
interest charge would be $315. The
year. and we couldn't grow even an
onion. 1 think the interest on our
investment. therefore, can fairly be
written off against rent. 1t might be
reasonable to charge up interest on
what We spend for outside improve
ments from now on. but the total of
these will not be large
I suppose it is true that we ought to
take into account the work Jane and
the boys and do which we would not
but it is pretty hard to reduce chores
to a wage basis. I'm willing to Offset
my work by the enjoyment and bet
health I derive, and I think Jane and
the boys feel the same way about 1t.
Problem Becomes Simple One.
Onsetting interest with rent and
leaving out the question of wages, the
problem becomes very simple one. 1t
| resolves itself down to the question of
how much cash we have on hand at the
end of the year. In town my salary and
the interest on James $1,000 just about
enabled us to break even. Jane had
had her money for ten years before we
/ came to the country. Before we moved
we paid up all our debts in town and
we had in the neighborhood Of $500 left,
an average saving of $40 a year. We
will now have as sources of income my
salary. interest on the 81 900 Jane will
have left out of her $4,000, and the pro-
ceeds of whatever we sell off that place.
We are willing to let the increased
Evening star., 1915-03-06

wood. and ] imagine we will want to
keep il going most of the time, just
for the pleasure of it. We wouldn't
think we could afford to do this if we
had to buy wood. but as the supply
will be merely incidental to improving
the rest Of our timber we will not feel
that II is an eXtraVaGance.
Evening star., 1915-03-06

enlargement of our personal property
holdings.
This is leaving entirely out of the
consideration the fact that when i'm
provements to the house are completed
we are going to have a home which will
measurably approach the kind of
home we have been dreaming about for
wears.
Evening star., 1915-03-06
Hopes to Grow Alfalfa.

Alfalfa is another of the legumes, and
IN many ways the most valuable of all.
Being perennial instead of an annual,
as are the cowpeas and crimson clover
a stand is good for several years. Two
or three crops of the very highest
quality of hay can be cut each year,
and all the time the root nodules are
storing up nitrogene against the time
when the field will be plowed. I had
planned to experiment with an acre of
alfalfa this year, but one of the forage
crop experts of the Department of
Agriculture advised me it would not
be worth while until 1 had the soil in
better condition 1t has been demon
strated that alfalfa can be grown sue
cessfully in this part of the country
but difficulty always is experienced in
getting stand unless the planting is
preceded by careful preparation Of the
SOIL. have decided, therefore, to post
pone the experiment until next year.
| II make success of the experimental
plot am going to put three acres to
Alfalfa, for the experts now agree that
lit is about the most valuable of all
forage crops. 1t is equally good for
cows, pigs and chickens, for all farm
animals. in fact, except horses. Expert
ments have demonstrated that hogs
Will make more rapid and more eco
nomical gains with alfalfa than with
other roughage fed with corn and tank
age, and as milk maker 1t is equaled
only by silage. AS / nave neltne. the
acreage nor the herd to justify the
building of a silo, l am anxious to get
the alfalfa.
Now that we are the owner of a
farm-even If 1t is only a vest pocket
one-it is up to us to adopt a farm
program. OF course, we are going to
make our own table the first consid-
GRAFTON. for primarily our purpose in
being in the country is to reduce the
cost of living. We have no purpose, at
least for the present, of trying to
make our living as farmers. 1t can be
done on eight acres. under favorable
conditions and with highly intensive
methods, but I haven't yet reached a
state of mind where / am ready to give
up my salary of $1,000 year. protect
ed by the civil service laws. The ques-
tion of farming a1 a business, there
fore, does not enter into our reckon
Evening star., 1915-03-06

feet of woven hog fencing on the bot
tom and four feet Of poultry netting
above. This will give me a good shady
yard for my pigs, and a chicken fence
six feet high.
Two acres of the lower part of the
place through which the creek runs,
and which was in grass last year. l am
going to fence off as a pasture for the
cow. The horse will have to get along
without pasture. as there wouldn't be
enough grass on the two acres FOR
both. and there is more profit in letting
the COW have it. He will not be en-
tirely deprived. though, as the boys
think it is a lot easier to tether the
horse on the lawn and let him Craze
than it is to cut the grass. AS the
morse seemed to get a lot Of enjoyment
out of it. 1 didn't feel called upon to
interfere beyond insisting that one of
them should always be on guard to
keep him from eating UP James flow
Evening star., 1915-03-06
Early Peas and Potatoes.

If the weather permits, I'll have my
first seed in the ground two weeks from
now. I'm fortunate this year in that
I'll not have to wait until the ground is
in condition to piow before / can DO my
first planting. Late last fall 1 had
piece of ground plowed and put out sew
eral hundred raspberry and blackberry
pants. The rows are six feet apart and
they'll have to be cultivated all this
summer to keep the weeds down, though
I'll not get any fruit until next year. In
order TO get a return for this work |
planned at the time to put vegetables be-
tween the rows, but it hadn', occurred
to me until Mr.. Brown suggested that
| could plant early peas and early uota-
toes without waiting on conditions for
spring plowing. Just as som as the
danger of hard freezing weather is passed
I'll run burrows down between the berry
rows and plant my peas and potatoes
men: by starting operations with the
Wheel noe right away, / ought to get tie
Jump on those weeds. The fertl,ize, I
use on the potatoes will benefit the ber-
RES ana the presence of the potatoes
ana peas Will be an insurance that proEer
cultivation of the berries will not be ne
elected. AN
BY the time both the potatoes and teas
are on the weeds ought to be pretty well
under control and the soil in fine tiitb.
men shall use the space for root
crops for the cows, mangles and sugar
beets and carrots, which Will REQUIRE thar
cultivation be kept up until late in the
Evening star., 1915-03-06
Some Intensive Farming.

Growing vegetable crop and a root
crop While berries are making their
first and non-producting year of
growth strikes me as a pretty fair ex-
ample of intensive farming, and in
tensive farming is what I must prac-
tlce If / am going to make any sort of
showing on eight acres
l am not expecting, however, to grow
any d-breaking crops for a year
or two. My soil, except the piece that
mas been used for a kitchen garden.
ism even fair to middling. and it mas
got to be built up before I can expect
much profit from cultivating it, i am
fortunate in that 1t is light fra BILE
loan, comparatively free of stones.
Such soil responds readily to treat
ment and in two years 1 ought to have
IT IN good condition. One of the first
the l1tmus test, and / plan to apply
about ton to the acre. i will use all
my own stable and chicken manure
and Will buy several tons of stable ma
nure if l can get it. AS fast as my
early crops come off and with the final
cultivation of the late crops 1 will SOW
legumes, crimson clover and cowpeas,
TO be ploWed under next spring. The
clover and peas serve the double pur-
pose of putting humus or organic mat
ter in the soil and of collecting nitro
gen. This is gathered from the air
and stored in nodules on their roots.
and as nitrogen Is the most costly of
all fertilizing elements when bought
in chemical form. the legumes are com
as the most valuable of all soil build
ers. Any vegetable matter Is valuable
as humus when plowed under, but only
the legumes are nitrogene collectors.
Evening star., 1915-03-06

When it comes to drawing conclu-
sions all women are natural born
artists.
Evening star., 1915-03-06

A short-sighted man always expects
his neighbors to look through his
glasses.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06
GUARD SLAYER AS GIRL
HE LOVED KILLS SELF
IalI Authorities Watch Sslf.CuHfssssd
Murderer Of Susie Coleman More
Closely, Fearing Suicide.

Western Newspaper Union News Service.
Lima. - Dorrance Riddle, aged 20
years, self-confessed slayer Of Susie
Coleman, 16, is under an extra guard
in Jail here in the fear that he might
attempt suicide, following his receipt
of word from Nashville, Tenn, that
Pauline Snowden, with whom he was
in love, had committed suicide.
Riddle has sobbed almost continu-
ously since he received word that the
girl was dead. He says that next to
his father he depended upon her more
than upon anyone else in the world.
Miss Snowden shot herself in front
of a mirror after worrying because of
Riddles arrest for the Coleman muir
der here. A picture of Riddle was on
the mantel before which she stood
when she shot herself.
While her body was being cared for
in morgue at Nashville Riddle was
reading a letter in his cell here which
she had written to him. 1t said:
Your letter received yesterday and
you can bet l was glad to hear from
you. | am glad you wish to continue
the correspondence. shall always
write you, no matter what happens.
hope everything will come out all
right. In case it does, will you prom,
Use to come down right away? | imag-
inc it would help you forget your
troubles. l know will do all I can.
Be a real good boy and trust to one
who is sure to help you. Write me
real long letter, as am anxious to
hear from you. | am having some
kodak pictures finished up and will
send you one. Yours lovingly, Paul
inc"
Police believe now that it was his
love for Pauline that led Riddle to
resent so emphatically the attentions
of the Coleman girl which proved
factor in the killing.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06

said the foreman, but don't give up
yet. There is room for a gang fore.
man In the mine. Can you loss a gang
Of miners better than you bossed that
hOrse?"
Fred went to work at his second job
with enthusiasm. He used to work
hard all day and at night at the cheap
boarding house he would get out his
fiddle, which he had learned to play
in his fathers home near Milwaukee,
and he would play for his companions
till they forgot their troubles and the
dirt and the CRIME and the toll of the
mines.
What His Fiddle Did For Him.
Among Fred's best friends in the
mine was man who carried the mail
from the railroad to the mines. This
man, older than himself by many
years, was one of the most eager ad-
mirers Of the newcomers simple, me-
lodious playing, and so a strong
friendship had grown up between
them.
One day when he was at the rail-
road station getting the mail bags the
freight master offered him a position
as freight handler. He was eager to
accept the position, for it carried with
it the munificent wage Of a dollar a
day, but when 1T came to the real Is
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06
Scientific View of Universe.

Science" says one of the best
known writer's on astronomical prob
lens, regards with complacency the
probability that there are regions in
the universe where no organic life ex-
lists, stars which shine on no inhabit-
ed worlds, planets which nourish no
animal creatures. The astronomical
view of the universe is that it con.
sists of matter in every stage of evo.
luton; some nebulous and chaotic;
some just condensing into stars
(suns) of every magnitude and order;
shaped into finished solar bodies sur
rounded by dependent planets; some
forming stars that perhaps have no
plarets and will have none; some con-
stituting suns that are already aging,
and will soon lose their radiant en-
ergy and disappear; and some aggre-
gated into masses that long ago be-
came inert, cold and rayless and that
can only be revivified by means about
which we can only form conjectures,
but of which we actually know moth
ing"
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06
Sues After BEING Jailed

Canton, - Mayor William p. Bar
nun and Chief of Police France,
both of Alliance, were made defend
ants in $4,000 damage suit filed here
by Orlando D. Friend, who alleges he
was locked in the Jail at Alliance on a
false charge of forgery. He declares
Mayor Barnum and Chief France con
nived" with H. L. Friend to have him
thrown into Jail. He says he was in
duced to go to Alliance on statement
the mayor wanted to see him, that he
was placed in Jail and held there until
9 in the evening, when he was told he
could go.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06

man in overalls stood waiting on the
| platform. He was a brakeman in the
employ OF the company and he
watched nervously. anxiously. the meG
and women who tnronged the station
from the incoming trains
Are you waiting for friends?" asked
the gateman, who had noticed his
eagerness.
mo, it isn't that" said the other.
Il happened to have a little time be-
tween runs and heard that Mr.. Un-
derwood was passing through the sta
tion. / worked out at Fort Howard
alongside of him in the days before he
got a dollar a day. | don't suppose
he would speak to me, even if he did
remember me- but would like to say
I'd seen him."
We'll, don't know" said the gate
man. mfr. Underwood doesn't put on
any lugs. He might speak to you If he
remembers you"
Then the two men stopped talking,
for far down the platform, with firm,
quick steps, came the man of whom
they were speaking. The eyes of many
of the employees who recognized him
as their chief were turned to him, and
he nodded to them as he passed. The
brakeman, recognizing him, shrank
back as he approached. But Mr. Un-
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06
Her Full Duty.

Miss Brightman kept very at.
tractive little tea room, and when
away on a business trip recently she
left it in charge of young woman
clerk. The morning she returned she
did not think things looked quite as
neat and attractive as usual.
"You know, Miss Bristol" remarked
the proprietress, as she glanced
around, there is a great deal in hav.
ing your sandwiches look attractive. ."
"Yes, Miss Brightman, l know it,"
was the reply. Il have done every.
thing l could whill you were away.
have busted those sandwiches every
morning for the last ten days."-Har,
per's Magazine.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06
SONG of the Froq.

The song of the frogs is as wonder.
full as their clothing. The raucous bel
low of the bloated male of the species
may not be a Beethoven symphony,
but it was enough to inspire Aristoph-
anes to make a failure of human
verbal imitation when he wrote "bek-
ek-kek-koax-koax" The gentle trill
of the little tree toad is not quite the
note of the nightingale, but it is more
soothing than that of the whippoor-
will or the cuckoo, and the chorus of
the little froggies which will in a short
time be one of the orchestras of
spring, has a charm in the rural ST.
lences which hardly has parallel in
any of the songs without words.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06

sun 5cald and the fruit can be gath
ereC by standing on the ground.
Cherry trees are quite free from in
sects, the most serious being the plum
curculio, which is the cause of the
so-called wormy fruit, but this sell
dom becomes so troublesome on the
sour cherries that it requires treat
ment.
Spraying with lead arsenate or paris
green just after the blossoms fall will
be beneficial.
Leaf spot, fungOus disease, causes
great injury to cherries. The English
Morello and varieties of that type are
most subject to its attacks. In some
sections the trees are entirely de-
stroyed by 1t, it attacks the leaves,
causing a small brown spot about an
eighth of an inch in diameter, and
later the leaves turn yellow and drop
from the tree.
The only satisfactory remedy is to
spray with bordeaux mixture or cop
per carbonate. Spraying must be
done early before the trees have bios
somed. If sprayed while the cherries
are beginning to color, the bordeaux
will stain the fruit, but copper car
Donate will not.
To prevent ravages by birds, the
planting Of June berries and Russian
mulberries along the outside of the
orchard, proves of great value, as the
birds will eat these in preference to
the cherries. In Europe the trees are
covered with nets, and these can be
used in this country with success
where the orchard is small, as the ex-
pense of nets is not great.
The sour varieties are almost uni
versally grown throughout the North
west, as they are harder, more pro
ductive and less liable to injury from
insects and fungous diseases. The
principal sour cherries are divided
into four groups: the Montmorency,
Morello, Braune and Vladimir.
These groups embrace many vari-
cites. The Montmorency group is
characterized by the fruit being light
red, with light flesh and colorless
juice. The trees are inclined to be
spreading. The Montmorency vart-
ETY. is the type of the group.
The Morello group bears a dark
colored fruit and has dark flesh and
juice and ripens late. The trees are
small and variable in form. These
trees are also subject to fungous dis
eases.
The Brusseler Braune group con-
sists of Russian varieties with dark
red fruit and colored flesh and juice.
The trees are large, upright, compact
and vigorous.
The Vladimir also consists of Rus
sian varieties. The trees are very
compact with slender, dropping
branches, giving the tree a weeping
appearance. The fruit is dark col
ored, flesh firm and colored, and the
juice Is very highly colored.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06

derwood's keen eyes-ss keen as they
were when he asked for his first job
out at Fort Howard-had been observ.
ant.
why, hello, JIM" he said, stretch.
ing out his hand to the brakeman
Where did you come from?"
"GlaG to see you remember me, Mr.
Underwood" said the man, embar
rassed, but beaming with pleasure.
Don't you 'Mr. Underwood me,
was the railroad presidents reply. "Pd
like to know how l could forget you
after all those years we worked to
gether out at Fort Howard" And Mr.
Underwood broke into a laugh that
made his companion in overalIs fee
that, after all, there wasn't such a
wide gulf between a railroad brake
man and the president of the road.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06

sue the mail carrier had to admit that
his sole knowledge of the art of writ
ing was limited to the shaping of the
letters of his own name.
But know a man that will suit
you," said the mail carrier to the
freight master. "The fellow that plays
the violin at the boarding house. He's
been to school and his father is a par
son, so guess he can do more reading
and writing than he'll ever need to do
in handling freight. Just give him a
chance for the job and know you will
want him."
The freight master did give Fred the
chance, and after his first day in the
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1915-05-06

The common method of propagating
the cherry is by budding one-year-old
seedlings. The two commercial stocks
most commonly used are the Mahal-
led and Mazzard. The first is a native
OF southern Europe and the latter a
strong variety Of the sweet cherry of
eastern Europe and western Asia. 1t
is not sufficiently hardy for severely
| cold sections.
On account of the severity of the
winters in the Northwest, however,
these two stocks cannot endure in
that climate and in fact there is
no really satisfactory stock now be-
ing used. But the cherry may be
top grated, same as the apple or the
plum, but the work must be done
early in the spring before the sap
begins to flow and while the scions
are dormant.
An orchard site must be well
drained, and the soil should be light.
Elevated sites should be chosen
which are less liable to frost than a
valley or low land. 1t is also wise to
plant near bodies of water or large
streams, as they afford the same pro-
lection as elevation.
In rich, black soils cherries tend to
overproduction of wood and produce
but few buds. The uplands along
streams are still we'll adapted to
cherry culture.
Sod lands should be cultivated two
or three seasons before planting and
it should finally be as we'll prepared
as for crop Of potatoes.
The trees should be planted at least
20 feet if set square, or Is feet apart
in rows with the rows 25 feet apart.
On very rich soil these distances
should be increased somewhat.
Cultivate for the first five years by
growing potatoes, beans, beets, car
rots and squashes. Oats, wheat or
field corn should never be grown in
the cherry orchard under any consid-
Grafton. After the first five years If
the soil of the orchard is rich and the
trees are growing too fast, seed to
clover, orchard OF timothy grass and
maintain the sod for three or four
years. Never permit a heavy blue
grass sod in the orchard, but always
mulch the trees heavily.
If the soil is of medium fertility
and not subject to washing, keep the
orchard cultivated but grow no vege-
table crops after the fifth year. Plow
shallow or disk in the spring, keep
the soil we'll stirred until the middle
of summer and then seed to a cover
crop, using cowpeas, vetches and soy
beans and crimson clover.
For land that is rich enough and
does not need any additional nitro
gen, SOW oats or rape.
In shaping the young tree for plant
ing, the work should be done to get
low-headed trees. Trunks of low
headed trees are seldom affected with