The Pulaskian., 1915-06-04


 bs Austria-Hungary's only sea- E coast possessions, Trieste, Is- A tria and Fiume and, not far in-
 land, Trent, all of which Italy has long coveted. Of these provinces and cities writers for the National Geographic society have this to say:
 Across the Gulf of Venice from Italy lies the rich Austrian province of Is tria, formerly Venetian, thick, irreg- ular triangle wedged into the North Adriatic, with it's mainland base de- finedly a line from Trieste in the north to Plume in the south, and with Pola at it's apex.
 Istria, the ancient Histria, contain ing, with it's neighboring islands, 1912 sDsAre miles, is an Austrian crown land, and forms part of the modern territorial division known as the coast districts. It's coastline is we'll indent- ed, but the shores in much of their extent are steep and forbidding. Mountainous rock masses cross the land from north to south, eliminating in Monte Maggiore, about 4,600 feet high.
 Olives and figs are cultivated in the region, and Istrias grapes and wine are famous. There is little garden, though considerable rich pasture land, and the forests of the peninsula sup ply the material for a large native ship-building industry. It's fisheries | oro ,yorx o1,,o hIa opd if mall mineral yield, coal, alum and salt. There is little or no local manufacture ing, except the building of ships. It is as a shipping point, as land of ports and strategic commercial and military naval bases, however, that Istria IS most desirable. The shipping of it's harbors amounts to more than 7,000,- 900 tons annually. The population Of Istria is about 350,000, 40 per cent of whom are Serbo-Croats, and 34 per cent Italians. In it's early history Is tria was a famous pirate land. The Romans subjugated the freebooters here. From the late middle ages un- till the extinction of the Venetian em- pire in 1797, Venice ruled the greater part of the peninsula, while only the northeastern portion belonged to Aus tria.
 PoIa Strong War Port.
 Pola, the formidable Austrian war port. is but a few hours steaming across the Adriatic from the rich east ern coast cities of Italy It is the chief naval station and arsenal of the dual monarchy and one of the best protected ports in the world.
 Pola lies at the southern apex of the south of Trieste. Its almost completely landlocked harbor is one of the finest of Europe, and upon it's roomy, we'll guarded surface great fleet could ride safely at anchor. The harbor has an area of three and one-third square miles, while beyond the channel en- trance is fore-water dominated by the guns of the Brionian islands.
 History begins for this little-known city with it's first capture by the Ro- mans in IFS B. C. Pola has been a war port since it's appearance in the ancient chronicles. It was once the strongest and widest of those Istrian pirate retreats, where the rebellious spirits of the Roman world-empire gathered, and whence they made their raids upon the rich commerce that flowed from every eastern Mediter ranean port to Rome The Romans destroyed the place. Under the Elm peror Septimus Severus, 193-211 A. D.. it again became an important war harbor, and it's city grew to 50,000 in habitants. The trade rivals. Venice and Genoa, fought each other for it's possession, as it was key to the free dom of the Adriatic. Destroyed by the Genoese in 1879, it continued un- der the sovereignty of Venice until 1797, when it fell to Austria upon the dismemberment of the Venetian state
 At Pola are situated the principal dockyards, dry docks and repair shops of the Austrian navy, together with technical and scientific institutions connected with the admiralty. It's arsenals contain vast naval stores T equal to the quitting of large fleet There are large naval and infantry barracks, and several well-equipped hospitals here.
 Trieste is the only great seaport of Austria, powerful commercial rival of Venice and Genoa, the pride of Aus tria's Adriatic possessions, and city as important to Austrian development as is New York to the development of the United States It has been an Austrian possession for more than 800 years, and during this long association 1t has earned the title from the central imperial government of "the most faithful city,
 Situated at the northeast angle of the Adriatic sea, on the eastern shore of the deeply indented Gulf of Trieste the port has been growing steadily in importance as an oatlet for the over. sea trade of central and southeastern