davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
lTALY'S FORMAL
ENTRY into WAR
FULL TEXT OF THE DECLARE.
TON MADE BY THE GOVERN
MENT AT ROME.
GERMANY MAKES QUICK REPLY
Asserts Firm Determination to Stand
Are Involved in Gigantic Con-
flict That Is Rending
Europe.

Vienna.-The Italian ambassador to
Austria, the Duke of Avarna, pre-
sented to Baron Won Burian, the Aus
tro-Hungarian foreign minister, the
following declaration of war:
Vienna, May %, 1915.-Conforma-
bly, with the orders of his majesty,
the king, his august sovereign, the un-
dersigned ambassador of Italy has the
honor to deliver to his excellency the
foreign minister of Austria-Hungary
the following communication:
Declaration has been made, as
from the 4th of this month, to the
imperial and royal government of the
grave motives for which Italy, conf
dent in her good right, proclaimed an
nulled and henceforth without effect
her treaty of alliance with Austria
Hungary, which was violated by the
imperial and royal government, and
resumed her liberty of action in this
respect.
1.-THE government of the king, firmly
resolved to provide by all means at
its disposal for safeguarding Italian
rights and interests, cannot fail in it's
duty to take against every existing
and future menace measures which
events impose upon it for the fulfill
ment of national aspirations.
His majesty, the king, declares
that he considers himself from tomor-
row in state of war with Austria
Hungary.
"The undersigned has the honor to
make known at the same time to his
excellency the foreign minister, that
passports will be placed this very day
at the disposal of the imperial and
royal ambassador at Rome, and he
will be obliged to his excellency if he
will kindly have his passports handed
to him.
"(Signed), AVARNA."
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
OFFICIAL GERMAN REPLY.

London-A Berlin official dispatch,
received by way of Amsterdam and
dated May %, says:
"The Italian government today
caused to be declared, through the
ambassador to the Austrian-H Hungarian
government, the Duke of Avarna, that
Italy considers herself in a state of
war with Austria-Hungary.
"The Italian government, by this
inexcusable attack against the dual
monarchy, has also broken, without
right or without ground, her alliance
with Germany.
THE loyal relationship existing con-
formally with the treaty between Aus
tria-Hungary and the German en-
pire, and still more firmly welded by
the comradeshfp of arms, has re-
NAMED unimpaired by the detection
of the third ally and his desertion to
the enemy's camp. The German am
bassador, therefore, has received in
structions to leave Rome conformity
with the Austro-Hungarian ambassa-
dor"
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
MARKET REPORTS
Milwaukee. May rs. 1915.
Observation-Disclosures


butter-Creamery, extras, 2Sc;I
prints. 29c; firsts, 25Q26c; secondsJ
s2Q2Sc; renovated, 22023c; dairy
fancy, 24@25c. {
Cheese-American, full cream, new
made twins, 15@15hc; Young Amerp
cas-, 15h @16c; daisies, 15h@16ca
longhorns. 16Q16hc; limburger, fam
cy, 151a@16c.
Eggs-Current receipts fresh as to-
quality, 161a @17c; recandled, extras
2OQ21c; seconds, 13014c.
Live Poultry 15c; ROSTERS,
lie; springers, fancy, 171bc.
Wheat-No. northern, 1.560157:i
No. 2 northern, 1.5S@1.55; No. 3 nor.
thern. 1.3S014S; No. 1 velvet, 1880
1.56.
Corn-No. yellow, 74&@75A.
Oats-No. white, 521a@5 STAN
dard. 53@5314c; No. white, SEQ
52%c.
Barley-No 3, 761ac; No. 4, 75Q77c;
Wisconsin, 751aQ77c
Rye-No. 1, 1.19
Observation-Disclosures or Minnesota
red stock on track, 3S@40c; white
stock, 40@42c.
Hay-No. timothy, 1600@16.50;
No. timothy, 13.50@1400; clover and
clover mixed, 12.50Q1350; red top
mixed, 11.00Q12.50; rye straw, S.750
900.
Hogs-Good heavy butchers, 1850
$50; fair to best light, 7.30@750; pigs,
6.00@6.5O
Cattle-Butchers' steers, 700@S.75;i
feeders, 4.00@5.75; COWS, 350@6.75;
heifers, 5.750725; calves, S.2509.00.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
ITALIAN ASPIRATIONS.

L0ndon.-One great purpose of Italy
in entering the war is to gain posses
sion of "unredeemed Italy" sweep of
Austrian territory to the north and
east near the head of the Adriatic
sea- This region, which includes
Trent and Trieste, is Italian in all
but nationality. To attain 1t has long
been her cherished ambition.
The territory in dispute may be de-
fined roughly as the sections Of Aus
tria south of line drawn in the Rhae-
tian Alps, where Italy, Austria and
Switzerland meet, eastward to the
Carnic Alps, and thence southwark
along the Italian Alps and again east
ward so as to include Fiume.
The first part of this territory forms
a wedge penetrating Italy between
Lombardy and Venetia and cutting
Lake Garda, while the second portion
includes the peninsula of Istria and
tween the Tagliamento and Save riv-
ers.
This territory is called Italia IRE
denta" (unredeemed Italy,, because it
once formed part of the Italian states
of the middle ages
The district of the City of Trent,
known in Italy as the Trentino, once
formed part of the Roman colony of
Tridentini which in 1927 passed under
the rule of a bishop and then, after
various changes, came into possession
of Austria, together with LON hardy
and Venetia.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01

by Piedmont and France, and even
after Piedmont had taken over LON
hardy and the Kingdom of Italy had
been formed in 1861, Austria continued
to hold Venetia, until her defeat in
the Austro-German war of 1866 gave
it to Italy. There was left in posses
sion of Austria, however, the wedge
of the Trent district, as menace to
Italy.
The territory to the eastward which
Italy desires is made up principally
of Istria. In early days part Of the
Republic of Venice, it passed to Aus
tria, together with Dalmatia, with the
abolition of the republic in 1897. In
1905 Austria was compelled by Ma.
poleon to cede Istria to France, but in
1913 Austria seized it.
Aside from the Dalmatian Islands,
the territory sought by Italy includes
about 5000 square miles, with more
than 100000 inhabitants.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01

by metal rod and rung would be
audible, the sound waves being carried
to the outside of the bottle by the
metal rod.
An experiment of this kind, using an
iron vessel as a substitute for the glass
bottle, would be found not nearly SO
satisfactory, though the bell be sus-
pended from silk as in the former in
stance, owing almost entirely to the
fact that iron Is more porous than
glass, consequently containing some
air, which would convey an almost i'm
perceptible sound to the outside.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
NOISE THAT is NOlSELESS
Ring a Bell in Vacuum and You
Will Be Unable to Hear
the Sound.

The value of air as a noise and sound
medium can readily be ascertained by
suspending a bell from a silk strand
through the neck of large bottle from
which the air has been pumped. By
pulling on the silk the tongue can be
seen to strike the sides of the bell, but
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
Safety Matches Running Short.

Safety Matches Running Short.
According to a Melbourne dispatch
to the Sydney (Australiaf Herald, re-
produced in commercial report,
strict economy in the use of safety
matches is being advocated by mer-
chants who know how limited the
stocks in Australia are at present, and
how difficult it is to procure further
supplies while the war lasts. AL
ready prices have risen 1913 per cent
in the wholesale market, and only a
most careful use of these matches
can prevent an actual shortage. The
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01

is said to be the regulation in force
in England that compels the factory
which supplies nearly all the Aus
tralian matches to show no lights at
night, it being situated close to the
Thames estuary. Consequently, the
output is reduced to one-third of
the normal quantity.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01

There is said to exist in Scotland a
stone so opaque as to render inaudible
even the firing of cannon, If one
crouches on the opposite side. All
liquids and gases are excellent sound
conductors; especially is water on the
surface, and certain kinds Of wood.
If 1t was possible for two men to live
box Theoretically sealed and contain
ing no air they would be unable to
converse though using the greatest
powers at their Chicago
Herald
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
mems of animal life. The "whiffle buff

mems of animal life. The "whiff1e buff"
(Which Mr.. Bartels discovered and
named) has a very sharp-pointed tail
1t drops underneath its victim, and
then scars at tremendous speed with
its tail pointing upwards, and pierces
the prey from below with it's needle
like feathers. Mr.. Bartels, in an in
terview, said he intended training
some of these birds, and added that he
hoped to make them attack airships
If successful, he would offer them tc
some foreign power as torpedo BIRDS
to attack Zeppelins!
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
BIRDS TO ATTACK ZEPPELINS
Possibility of Addition to the Equip
ments of the Armies Now
Fighting In Europe.

A strange bird of prey, which mas
been named the "whiff1e buff" has been
discovered by Mr.. Ferdinand Bartels,
an explorer who has returned to the
United States from South America.
Mr. Bartels followed Mr. ROOSEVELT
footsteps. and secured a wonderful
collection of birds and other speci-
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
Minneano,;s Nov 90 1o1F

Minneapolis, May rs, 1915.
Wheat-No. l hard, 1851; No.
northern, 1.57B@1.5S9s No. 2 nor
thern. 1.54@1553s.
Corn-No. 3 yellow, 71@71Ac.
Oats-No. 3 white, 51h@52c.
Rye-No. 2, 114011S
Flax 93h@1951h.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01

chosen being as sheltered position
as possible. The sailors favorite
hymns are those dealing with the sea,
particularly Almighty Father, Strong
to Save"
There is one thing about these serv-
ices on board ship-every Jack Tar is
keen on attending them, and though
they are matter of routine they are
never hurried. The chaplain's or cap
tain's sermons always are about the
things that matter. He knows every
one of his congregation and the things
to say to them.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
ELEVEN NATIONS IN CONFLICT.

With Italy taking the plunge into
war eleven nations become tangled
in the great European conflict. They
are:
Eight Against Three.
Great Britain Germany
France Austria Hungary
Russia Turkey
Italy
Japan
Belgium
Serbia
Montenegro
May Join the Allies.
Greece Bulgaria
Roumania
Still Neutral in Europe.
Norway Spain
Holland Denmark
Switzerland Portugal
Sweden
Italy Aids Allied Fleet.
With Italy's entrance into the war
the distribution of the battle fleets OF
the warning nations, emitting japan,
assumes the following aspect in the
four most important sea areas:
Mediterranean and Adriatic.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01

Why Men Eat More Than Women.
That men eat five or six per cent
more than women-not because they.
are gluttons, but because they actually
require that much more nourishment'
appears as a result of an investiga-
ton made in the nutrition laboratory
of the Carnegie institute at Washing
ton by Francis G. Benedict and L. E.
Eames, says the Literary Digest. The
reason for the discrepancy seems to
be that women have smaller proper
ton OF active tissues than men of
the same weight and more inactive
material, such as fat. The investiga-'
ton disclosed that the average wom-
an generates only 1856 heat units in
the "a hours, as against 1888 pro-
duced by the man, or about two per
cent more for the latter per pound of
body weight. When groups were COM
pared, after careful selection of indi-
viduals of nearly the same height and
weight, the men were found to pro-
duce about IL per cent more heat than
women.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
Conference That Made History.

London. - Martin Donohue the
Rome correspondent of the Daily
Chronicle, is authority for the positive
statement that on May %, within a
few hours after Foreign Minister Son.
nino of Italy had dismissed the Ger
man and Austrian ambassadors, rep
resenting Italy's former allies, he met
in conference the ambassadors of
Great Britain, France and Russia and
at this meeting the admission Of Italy
into full partnership with the Entente
powers was settled, signed and
sealed
The details of the arrangement by
which Italy becomes an active parti-
cipant and a responsible ally Of the
Entente powers in the war have been
in process of negotiation for some
time, and the final meeting of the am
bassadors with the foreign minister
served merely to ratify the under
standing which had already been
reached
CAS- may we'll be understood" says
the Daily Chronicle correspondent,
resentatives of the newly born alliance
was most cordial. AS a result of this
official interview I am able to state
that the hitherto existing triple en-
tente has become the 'quadruple en-
tente.'
THE basis of Italy's active co-opera-
ton, economic, naval and military
was settled, signed and sealed. Due
notice of Italy's entering into partner
ship with the nations already waging
war will be given to the neutral pow
ers.
Donohue also gives a picture of
Prince Won Bue1ow and Baron Mac
chic, the German and Austrian am
bassadors, leaving the foreign min
istry after taking formal leave Of
Minister Sonnino. Neither took time
for long farewell.
THE kaiser's emissary came down.
stairs from the foreign Office says
Donohue, looking pale and excited
He seemed to have completely lost
his habitaul look of calm self-confi-
dence AS he turned into the Via
VENT Settembre he was swinging his
walking stick nervously, presenting a
perfect picture of a baff1ed and de-
feated man who was realizing that he
mad played for high diplomatic stakes
and lost.
Baron Macchio's colloquy with the
foreign minister did not last more
than five minutes. On leaving he hur-
ried away absent-mindedly carrying
his hat in his hand until he reached
the foot of the great staircase giving
access to the minister's Office"
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
Select Circle.

Don't any of your friends come to
see you on visiting days?" asked the
kindly old lady. "No'm," responded
No. 777,444; they're all here with
me-"
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
Chicago. MAY %. 1915

CHicdSo, May 20, 1SAo.
Hogs-Light, 7.35@765; heavy, 7.05
Q755; rough, 7.05@720; pigs. $3.50
TBS.
Cattle-Native steers, 690@9.20;,
heifers, 3.25@6S5; calves, 6.50@9.35.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01

Camille Saint-Saens, the famous
French composer and the first dele
gate of the Franco-American commits
sion for the Development of Political,
Economic, Literary and Artistic Rela-
tons, photographed as he landed in
New York. The composer, who is
eighty years old, looks forward with
uncommon pleasure to revisiting the
extensively by the French societies
in the many cities he expects to visit
during the three months of his stay
here.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01
SERVICES ON BRITISH SHIPS
Divine Worship Never Neglected, No
Matter in What Portion of World
Vessels Nav Be-

Every day on every British warship,
whether in the North sea, or lombard
ing the Dardanelles, or guarding the
Atlantic trade routes, there are
prayers, as we'll as a regular chNrch
service every Sunday
If there is no chaplain on board, the
captain conducts the service. The
church" itself is the deck, the part
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-06-01

The shipyards of Hamburg are said
to be turning out three finished sub
marines month. Two of them are of
the larger class and one of the smaller
type used for coast defense.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-10-03
EDITORIAL PIRACY.

It has always been regarded as q
journalistic courtesy for one editor to
credit another for editorial matter re-
produced. This has long been the
standard professional rule among
newspaper men. Occasionally it is VIC
lated-but never by regular journal
list. But regular Journalists are not
always in control OF all newspapers
and editorial piracy is practiced. Re-
Gently an editor published lot OF
slush about making q newspaper and
dwelt In particular about the hard
worked editor preparing two columns
of editorial every day. Perhaps he
does. He prepares 1t all right, but
much OF it is prepared with the paste
pot brush and pair OF scissors
which Is all right--provided proper
credit is given. Recently news
paper published description Of how
the editor prepared his copy-but he
forgot to credit same to the Burling-
ton Gazette. At least this is the char
liable view to take Of 1t. And then
again the Springfield Illinois Repub-
lican is good newspaper to clip
from. And there are others.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-10-03
poNNELLsoN.
, >>~.>~>>~ = !.


Mrs. D. E. Wiegner visited in Farm
ington the latter part Of last week.
Mrs. Caroline Biddenstadt and Mrs
Reichman OF Keokuk visited friends
here the forepart OF last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Conrad Koehler OF
Hamilton attended the fair here Fri
day and also called on old time
friends.
Rev. and Mrs. A. W. Fruechte have
returned to their home in Quincy
after a pleasant visit here.
Mrs. Anna Warren who has been
quite sick, is slowly improving.
F. Dahms, Ed Dahms, the Misses
Elda Dahms and Anna Wiegner visit.
ed at the Peter Lang home last Sun
day.
On Sunday. Oct. II, the seventy-ffth
anniversary OF the German Evangeli.
cal synod will be observed at all the
Ia. E. churches. A special program
will be held at the G.. E. church here
All are cordially invited. Watch for
more particulars.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-10-03
FREE 70
ASTHMA SUFFERERS
A New Home Cure That Anyone Car
Use without Discomfort or
Loss Of Time.

A New Home Cure Ihae ANYONE SAH
Use Without Discomfort or
Loss Of Time.
We have New Method that cures
Asthma, and we want you to try it at
our expense. No matter whether your
case is of outstanding or recent de-
yelopment, whether it is present as
occasional or chronic Asthma. you
should send for a free trial of our
method. No matter in what climate
YOU live, no matter what your age or
occupation, If you are troubled with
asthma, our method should relieve
you promptly.
We especially want to send It to
those apparently hopeless cases.
where all forms of inhalers, douches,
opium preparations. fumes. patent
smokes" ETC., have failed. We want
to show everyone at our own expense,
that this new method is designed to
end all difficult breathing, all Wheel
ing. and all those terrible paroxysms
at once and for all time.
This free offer is too important to
neglect a single day. Write today
and begin the method at once. Send
no money Simply mail coupon below.
Do It Today.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-10-03
REASON FOR THE GATHERING,

The st. Louis Globe-Democrat found
the gathering OF Missouri republicans
In that city Tuesday night evidencfns
enthusiasm. unanimity OF feeling and
purpose. and confidence in the future
never known before in the state. Com
menting on the cause, il says.
There must be reason for such an
extraordinary concensus It is not a
mere happening that this great body
OF men. representative OF a much
greater body of men, comes voiun-
tarily into accord not only in matters
OF political faith. but in the profound
oeilef that this faith is soon to tn
umph. Il Is no coincidence that the
man on Broadway and the man at the
cross roads has the same vision OF
coming events. nor is 1t in either case
an hallucination growing out OF in
itrospection. This agreement of OBJ
servation and conclusion is the conse-
quence of exterior facts and cond.-
uons that are apparent to every one
WAC sees with his eyes and thinks
with his mind. The people OF Mis-
sour, the people of the country. know
l what was done to them in 1912. They
Z nave ielt the effects of that poIftfcsl
disaster. They are acquainted with II,
fuses ana they know the remedy.
>, nas Is the reason for the feeling OF
= sorn;a that is common to all OBJ
=, sors .epuohcans not only In Mis-.
I sourl' out In every other state TS..
:. en- a.hr Jason Tor the magnitude and
|. ,nS - nan aaSon Of last nights gather.
ing OF republicans in 81 Tnn,s Tlo
y republican party is cornine ~ -
1t power, and 1t is not con,,ns 80. ln'"
:" pied or enfeebled. but whole JACK Grip
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-10-03

Sherman. .Wyo., SO named in honor
of Gen. w T. Sherman, is the highss,
point on the laramie Range reached
by the Union Pacific railroad. II is
claimed that from this point on a
clear day may be seen Pixies Peak,
about los miles to the south: Longs
Peak. 60 miles to the south; and Elk
mountain, 100 miles to the west From
many points in the vicinity of Buforl
good views may be obtained of TIL.
high peaks of the Rocky mountains fal
away to the south and Of the relative
" low but rugged Sherman mountains
a part of the Laramie range, to tn
right. Two prominent points seen t
The north are called Twin mountain
and are celebrated as one of tn
strongholds of the notorious despel
ado Slade. Slade, during his CHECK
cred career fought both for and agains
law and order, and his career is sc
forth in Mark Twain's "Roughing It.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-10-03
Voice Of the Peop.e
County Criminal Expenses.

To the Editor Of The Gate City:
On September l. there appeared in
the columns OF The Gate City re-
port OF the county criminal court costs
for the year 1914, copied from the
FIT. Madison Gem City, as follows:
THE expense of prosecution Of
criminal cases in Lee county Is con-
siderably less this year than in pre-
vious years, despite the fact that
several of the cases tried involved
unusual expenses and had many I'M
usual features.
''The bulk of the expense Is OF
course, regular and is affected but lit
tie by the bulk or features Of the
cases tried, but the fact that extra
expenses have in many instances
been eliminated and we're lessened,
is Of Importance"
Though it seems dif1icult for us to
understand in the foregoing, why
many cases would not materially In
crease expenses, yet the statement
that the court costs for the past year
are very much smaller than In former
years is incomprehens.5le.
II we examine the Lee county court
costs for 1910, we will find them to
be S11,S72.40; for 1911. $13,270.3b;
lot ISl1, $losoSS.O6s AOE 1910, %So'-
1902 But there Is an unaccountable
error in the total expenses for 1914.
given as $23.7S2.65, where the correct
total should be s3S,782.05, an advance
OF $14,999.37 over last year.
An explanation through your col
amns as to the true state OF county
expenses would be of much interest
to the general public.
OBSERVER.
Keokuk, Iowa, October 2, 1915.
[The figures that observer COM
ments upon are from the Fort Madi-
son Gem city. as stated In her com
municatfon and her communication
should have been addressed to that
paper. However. II. Observer" viii
refer to The Gate City OF Thursday
evening Of last week the information
given may give the desired informa-
tion.-Ed.J