Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-29

depth Is reached. The SSS
small reserve buoy M
ancy tends to make lss
the boat rise to the
surface, and this Is A
racted by
maintaining slight
degree or downward A
helm. 3Sx$SSS&$assS4 d
Inside the boat is {
a pressure dial 4Ssx&aIN 8SS saSsssS@ t&&Sa r
which shows the ssssas, isasa - ess
at the wheel
the depth at which
the boat ia trave sgS
ing S&8$sHS# !. 9sSSsss2
When enemy's M ssssssasss ;
ship is to be attack Isl
ed the submarine is
sunk until the tops %6gs1ssSSssss2d3
only are above the ~
these the command sts
er has clear vision WkSg$$gSSS sss98Ss
of objects the E#X1yASES&
surface the view be- V&EssaXSa&S
ing very much the &&Eass
same as he would obtain standing at the
surface with good binoculars at his eyes. %& 2ss#
The torpedo is then aimed at the ship
from any distance within thousand
yards The German submarines use
twenty.one-nch torpedo, carrying 400
pounds Of explosive. and travelling un-
der Its own power at speed of thirty
to forty knots
pedo desroyers, which the most effective surface
vessels for this kind of warfare, 1t alto
reserve buoyancy and settle quietly the bottom.
This Is known as going to sleep" When the COM
admitting compressed air to the ballast tank, which
blows out portion of the water, and starting his
electric motors Then by lifting his horizontal planes
he to the surface where he pleases.
These German submarines have a surface
displacement OF thousand tons and 800 feet long
The maximum speed at the surface is about twenty
knots, and submerged they make speed about
eleven knots, with radius of about hundred miles,
the end of which the stored electric power is
hausted and is necessary to to the surface to
generate power. When running at low speed at the
surface they can travel 1000 miles without
plenishing their oil tanks.
dozen giant torpedos carried this boat.
They have four torpedo tubes ahead and two asern.
making 1t possible for them to fire the whole OF their
torpedoes in quick succession II the exigencies call
for it.
The submarine is the gun we'll as the Ship and
it must be steered to aim at the object which it is
desired to hit.
1t is interesting fact that the aeroplane has
proved n very effective weapon in guarding against
submarines and is likely to be SO as the ability
of the planes to keep in the air for long period is
increased That is why the United States needs
large supply Of the type OF seagong aeropanes known
as hydroplanes to defend harbors against
possible submarine attack.
The value Of aircraft in detecting submarines lies
in the fact that their height eliminates reelection at
the surface Of the water just the glass bottomed
boats OF Santa Catalina do. In clear water the ava-
tor see submarine at a depth OF fifty feet
more and can signal to patrolling torpedo boat
to following dirigibe. The latter approaching the
surface closely drop heavy bomb the sub,
marine. which, II 1t rises to repe the attack by
highangle guns, be rammed by nearby destroyers
The weakness of the submarine has been its in
ferority in gun power, compared to such light
vessels the torpedo destroyer, but this is being
corrected and there is every reason to believe that
we shall before long the submarine battleshp
whose details have already been thought out b. Amer
lean naval constructors
=, The German submarine attack by gunfre on the
liner Armenian, the sinking Of the Crown of CASTLE
off Scilly Islands March 20 In the manner
by the U2s, and other recent exploits show that the
latest German submarines very much more power
full in gunfre than the earlier They firing
four.nch shell weighing thirtythree pounds. The
gun with its recoil cylinder and sheterng hood is