Albuquerque morning journal., 1915-02-25

craft. except when running totally
I submerged. In this condition the
submarine Is blind and stands a
chance Of collision upon coming to
the surface. Nest Of the. accidents
that have happened te submarines
are traceabie TO lack Of care and
experience. But to guard AGAINST all
Iforeseeablc emergencies, means are
provided for indicating the position
of the sunken submarines, for the
escape of the crew and the salvage
of the vessel.
Each submarine is equipped with
releasable. marked buoys which viii
show the position Of the sunken ship.
/ These huoys are even fitted with cleo
trio lights and with telephones. To
facilitate the escape of the crew an
! air lock in the coming tower is used.
In many nayies escape helmets or
suits are provided for each member
4 OF the crew, hut Lieutenant Howard
remarked that these salvage devices
| are and should be suhordinatcd TO
the military aud operating features
of the submarine This is positively
the attitude OF American submarine
officers. who are aversc Go giving
prominence TO any Of these features.
May Rc,OlutiOnizc Navies.
/ Armament or Means Of Defense s--
Next to the fact that it can be pro-
PEELED under water is the startling use
to which the submarine may be put
| in war. In the present war these tiny
submarine boats have attacked and
destroyed the mightiest battleships
that proudly ride the waves This re-
markable power Of submarine
which appears destined to revolution
ize the building of navies, is obtained
Through firing torpcdoes. The torpe-
do is fitted into groove in the bow
of the submarine and is fired by COM
pressed air.
Inasmuch as the torpedo tube is
fixed in the vessel il follows that the
submarine itself must be aimed at
the target The customary method OF
Ian attack Is for the submarine TO ap-
proaeh the hostile vessel within two
or three miles, then submerge, leav-
ing the periscOpe above the surface
and drive on to within striking dis
tance which varies from 1900 TO r.
600 yards The fact Is, however, that
most of the attacks Of German sub
marines on English vessels have been
lmade at much smaller distance, some
of them within 300 or i00 yards.
Preparing for Action.
Here is the method Of attack as
described by Lieutenant Howard
"The enemy is located and the or
der Is given to prepare for Nbmerg-
ling. The engines are shut down, ana
valves in the exhaust lines and circu-
Hating water systems closed bridge
Flagstaff and rail stanchions unrigeedi
lradio masts, II the submarine be 50
fitted. secured on deck. Venlilators
for battery and living spaces are tak-
len down and the battery ventilation
tshifted so that the exhaust Is inside
1.-THE boat. The battery ventilation must
he kept running during submerged
lrun. as the battery Is giving off gas
land is heating up on discharse. When
TALL the gear outside of the submarine
is unrigged the crew enters the boat
closes all the matches ana takes sla-
tions for stibmerging
These stations are IN general ~
| follows; Commanding OFFICER ~ his
periseope, in charge: the helmsman H1
| the second periscOpe. diving rudaei
men, one at each diving rudder whfeL
! one man ct the main flood valves Vne
| man at the air manifold 70 be ready
| to open valves to blow or vent TANKS
and one man at the mair motor con-
trolls. The above are al uHualy in the
central operating compartment. ~
| addition men are stationed at tf.e ends
Of the boat at the trimming tanks. ana
at the main motors. and sitDrnafsne
signal apparatus Gunner's mates fer