davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-11-14

although broad regions of the west
and of Alaska yet await thorough and
careful examination. But putting those
resources to their highest use is yet
to be accomplished.
Some of the larger mining and smelt-
ing companies in their particular fields
are solving their own problems through
the highly trained professional and
technical experts they employ; but, so
vast is the field. this represents but a
small part of the whole industry. The
prospector and the small mine owner
and his name is legion-needs help in
solving his problems If the best is to
be made of the nations mineral re-
sources.
To furnish that help is one of the
purposes of the United States bureau
of mines.
Here is the manner in which Van II.
Manning, director of that bureau, re-
Gently explained it:
1T Is my belief that through inves-
legations now under way, and through
Investigations to be carried on at the
new mining experiment stations au-
ing will be stimulated, new processes
for treating ores Will be developed.
new uses for substances now wasted
viii be found. and the metal produc-
ton of the western states will be in
creased by millions of dollars annu-
ally.
Also, conditions affecting the safety
and health of miners and Of workers in
mills and smelling plants will be SO
greatly improved that the present high
death rate from accidents will be re-
duced until American methods in min
ing and metallurgy will be regarded as
no less notable for safety and efficiency
than they are now for boldness large
output and low costs.
But the bureau cannot accomplish
these ends by itself 1t must have the
cooperation of state officials of min
ing and metallurgical companies and of
workers in mines, mills and smelters.
Acting as an investigator. a guide. hsy-
ing no power to enforce its recon-
mcndattons, II seeks the aid of the men
engaged in the industry. and will well
come from them suggestions or advice
in regard to the problems II will in :
vestigatc and the methods II should
follow"
In this statement Director Manning
marked the difference between his bu.
reau and some other bureaus and arms
Of the federal government The bureau
OF mines has no police powers; no au-
thority to regulate or control anything.
It's functions are advisory, not rnanda-
tory; educational. not regulative.
Only five years old. the bureau has
accomplished much, if the euIogietic
statements of mining associations and
be trusted
The public at large knows il best as
remarkable humanitarian organiza- :
t1on tnat has campaigned palorously
tor safety first in mining operations,
that has enlisted the support of the
Sodi mining operators throughout the
land In q cooperative effort to install
safe methods. an effort that last year
reduced the coal mine fatality rate to
3.z2 per thousand--it was 4.sS per thou
sand in 1907.
The public knows also Of the splen-
Evening star., 1915-11-14

worth of natural resources and other
property.
with that wise far-sightedness or
his, he saw that certain abuses growing
up in the mining industry in this coun-
try would in time result In terrible
catastrophes II they were not checked.
He had a wonderful faculty of telling
the public what these abuses were and
getting it interested in the remedies.
The result is that DR.. Holmes left the
bureau with a great work outlined ana
a great following of mining men, who
believed in the work, and who were as
sisting 1t In every way possible.
$50 I have come to d responsible po-
sitton with my duties already we'll de-
fined. If I shall succeed in carrying
them out as DR.. Holmes would wish to
have them carried out. l shall feel that
I have succeeded and have kept the
faith.
There are many problems in which
the bureau is vitality interested. but
these resolve themselves into two
major problems. the saving of human
lives in the mines and the conserva-
ton of the natural resources of the
country.
I'VE of the bureau feel that II the
bureau succeeds in saving one human
life the result is worth the approprfa-
tions made by the government Ior Una.
purpose. We know, however. that the
bureaus efforts together with Its apii-
ity to add the cooperation OF o.her or
eaniZations. have saved hundreos II not
thousands OF human lives
.The record of past years SHOWS that
these terrible accidents were occur
rine in many mines because or lack
of care which the bureau believed TO
he necessary 1t knows. also. that this
care urged by the bureau, ts now be-
ing exercised in a great many mines
and that in those mines they DO nor
have such catastrophes. 1t is by suoh
req soninS that the bureau OF mines has
come to the belief that 1t has saved the
lives of thousands of miners and that
its Influence in the future along this
direction will mean the saving OF thou
sands more.
at is a rare and wonderful oppor-
tunity for any man TO be permitted to
be director of such fine humanitarian
work If you have visited a mine dis
aster and witnessed the wailing and
sobbing of women and children and
heard the heartrending cries as the
torn and bleeding bodies were brought
to the surface, you would appreciate
what il is to take part in work that
aims to prevent such tragedies. This
is a bureau that is preventing the max
ing of widows and orphans.
every man connected with the work
has the inspiration which accompanies
such knowledge of saving life. The
men seem imbued with the greatness
of their mission. AS you perhaps know.
the bureau has eight mine-rescue cars
and two automobile trucks, which go
to disasters in mining fields. These
cars and trucks are manned by trained
with any of them at disasters is to
keep them from risking their lives un-
duly Since the bureau was created
three rescuers have given up their lives,
'''N' = : AsHMUN BROWN.
Evening star., 1915-11-14

the pasture fields are enormous. When
this Is completed the cattle will come
in by the trainload and at the same
time there will be a large importation
from this and other states.
There are already q great many cat
tie raised south of here. 1t is the chief
industry of Rio Grande do Sui and it
also thrives in Minas Geraes. Santa
Cathartna, Parana, Piauhy and Rio
Grande do Norte There were thirty
than ten years ago and there must be
more now. Cattle raising was once a
fiourishing industry on the island of
Majaro, at the mouth of the Amazon,
and 1t is now an important one in the
state of Rio de Janeiro. I am told that
tered in Rio Grande do Sui for the
manufacture of jerked beef. although
a vast amount of this meat is imported
from Uruguay and Argentina.
+
diversif1cation of crops is begin
ming in many parts of Brazil. Upon the
lowlands of Sac Paulo they are now
raising sugar tobacco. cotton and rice,
and on the highlands they produce IN
dian corn, beans and other crops. So
far only about 10000 acres have been
put into cotton, but the yield is good
and the cotton output runs into the
millions of pounds. The product in
1910 was over 1000 tons, the most of it
cotton is said to be better than that of
India. but inferior to that grown in
northern Brazil. 1t is all consumed in
the factories of the state.
The output of sugar here is now about
100000 bags annually. Rice is raised
Evening star., 1915-11-14

interest in greater efforts on the part
of all the mine owners in the saving of
these resources. The results have been
very gratifying.
"As one illustration of the bureaus
efforts in the conservation of natural re-
sources, let me refer to it's work in
Colorado and Utah In connection with
the radium output. Radium is perhaps
the most wonderful substance in the
world. and capable of many uses.
With others. 1t Is declared that 1t Is a.
the bureau began to look into the ra-
dium problem. 1t found that nearly all Of
Evening star., 1915-11-14

the carnotite ore of Colorado-the ore
from which radium is obtained-Was
being shipped to Europe at a ridicu-
lously low figure, where it was being
made into radium and shipped back to
the United States at a tremendously big
profit
"The bureau called attention to this
situation, and the result was an imme-
diate increase in the prices being OBJ
tanned by the American owners for the
ore. a stacking of shipments to Europe
and the development of the industry in
the United States.
still further, the bureau has con-
Evening star., 1915-11-14

in the geological survey. Presently Mr.
Manning. by reason Of his marked ad-
ministrative ability. was made assistant
director.
In reality he became the business man.
ager OF the bureau DR.. Holmes, a train
ed scientist and techno'ogist, devot ne
himself to formulating and putting into
effect the larger policies and activities
of the bureau, and in building up the
organization.
When, result of his expenditure
of energy In the work which absorbed
him, DR.. Holmes health failed last
year, the full direction of the bureau
fell on Mr. Manning. 1t was natural
then that when DR.. Holmes died re-
Gently Mr.. Manning was advanced to
the post of director
Mr.: Manning is a native of Missis
sfppi born in 1861, the son of Vannoy
H Manning, sr., who represented the
second district of Mississippi in Con-
gress. On his graduation from the Uni
versity of Mississippi Mr.. Manning en-
tered the employ of the geological
survey as a civil engineer. Practically
his whole adult life has been spent
in government work. Within the geo
logical survey, from 1885 to 1910, he
engaged in topographic mapping in
nearly every state in the Union. He is
the author of many maps and reports
one of these latter being report on
United States Goals Available for Ex-
port Trade" issued a year ago with a
view to assisting the American coal
mining industry in developing a coal
exporting trade. with especial refer
ence to Latin American countries
*.
The list of societies. clubs and or
ganizations of which he Is a member
will give some idea of his tastes Hero
it is: American Institute of Mining En-
gineers, American Mining Congress
Washington Society of Engineers, the
Cosmos Club, a social club the men,
bership of which is made up chiefly OF
scientific men in the government serv-
ice at Washington; National Geograph-
Twenty Years Topographers, an or-
ganization of the United States geo.
logical survey vice president of the
Home Club of Washington, the Trowel
Club tMasonic) and the Mississippi
Club of Washington.
A quiet, modest man, even retiring in
appearance, Mr.. Manning has won, in
his long career in the government serv-
ice, a reputation for getting things
BILE executive. His modesty was shown
when he was recently led to talk of
the personal side of his new work
Il shall be satisfied" he said, 1T 7 can
follow the plan of the work as outlined
by the lamented DR.. Holmes. Dr.
Holmes end was untimely and unfor-
tunate for the bureau of mines and tor
enough with the bureau to make up a
program of tremendously vital import
to the country, and one which, if car
ried out faithfully. will result in the
saving of thousands of human lives and
the conservation of millions Of dollars
Evening star., 1915-11-14
arpenter Writes of Sac Paul0, Brazils Metropolis

CREAT City Will Soon Have Popula-
~ ton of One Million-The Million
Dollar Theater-16O Public Schools-An
American College-New Things in Farm
ing-Coffee Versus Cotton-Agriculture
in the Hoe Stage-Diversification of Crops
Is Beginning in Many Parts of Brazil.
Sugar, Rice and Corn Being Raised.
Evening star., 1915-11-14

SfN the United States proper and in
its territory of Alaska is found
III practically every metal that is
used In art or industry. Still, the
United States imports great quantities
of metal from abroad. In every min
Ing district in the country are acres
covered with waste from smelters and
mile, waste that contains mineral val
ues, but II Is waste. nevertheless, for
methods of extracting the values eco
nomically have not been devised.
Copper. for example, that wonderful
metal upon which all electrical indus
try depends. is subject to tremendous
waste. On an average only 10 per cent
of the copper values tn copper ores in
the western mining districts is recov-
ered. although in few large proper
ties scientific methods. installed al huge
expense, recover nearly 80 per cent.
But on An average about 80 per cent
is lost. is carried into the slum piles
and Stag. That 80 per cent loss 1t is
estimated. amounts to fully $4,000 600
q year. or $500. 900 a day.
Less than $50 900 worth Of platinum,
that aristocrat in the society of metals.
Is produced annually in the United
States, but 100 times that amount is
imported from abroad each year. still,
platinum is found in nearly every
western state. and is recoverable from
iaany gold placers and beds Of black
sand if economical process OF recovery
could be applied.
Forty-seven million dollars worth OF
tin produced in foreign countries
comes into the United States every
year. and only S37 900 worth is pro-
duced in the United States in the same
sirne-pra ctIcally all of that in Alaska
although there are undeveloped tin
deposits In California Idaho. Washing =
ton and Wyoming. and some partly de-
yeloped deposits in Texas and South
Dakota.
AL this is not an indictment Of the
raining industry. The business Of min
ing. smelling and refining metals in the
United States has made wonderful
strides in recent years No business
10 more progressive But the maximum
OF efficiency is yet afar on. Between
that goal and the present stand many
grave economic and technical problems
which must be solved.
What profits II the Pacific coast that
/. is rich in the possession OF iron ores.
Yor instance, when. Cor lack of a sum
Gent supply Of good cokiug coal. IL is
found cheaper 10 buy pig iron and iron
Products from Pennsylvania, payin Z
high freight rates, rather than make
pig and tts products IN the vicinity of
rhe ores?
sources of the country-and no coun-
try on earth is richer in the possession
Of mineral resources-are not bein &
used to best advantage.
The prospector and the United states
geological survey have, by their joint
efforts. given the public q fairly good
idea e< the extent of those resources,
Evening star., 1915-11-14

did system of mine rescue cars main
tained by the bureau, first on the scene
at every coal mine disaster; of its
training of volunteer rescue workers
In each mine and what they have ac-
complished; Of it's long series of ex-
periments with explosives which cul-
minated in the adoption Of what miners
know the 'permI sible list of ex-
plosives that may be used safely in
certain character of mines; of it's study
OF spontaneous combustion of dust and
gases in mines. study which has pro-
duced cures for many of these ills and
the results of which have attracted
international attention.
But the general public is not so well
informed of the great economic and
technical problems which the bureau
is solving to the end that the country's
mineral resources may be used to their
maximum for the countrys benefit
Essentially this is a scientific and
technical bureau. into which are gath
cred many eminent tcChnologists
Equipped with laboratories experi-
ment stations, even an experimental
coal mine at Pittsburgh. and all facili-
ties for reasearch at home and abroad.
IT is possible for the bureau to carry on
simultaneously a number of intensive
studies of methods. p ocesSes and eco
nomic problems. and to make the re-
suits available to the entire industry.
And that Is what II is doing
Discussing this aspect of the bureaus
work with an interviewer recently. Mr.
Manning said:
I'VE are a great country. with a
great abundance of resources, including
mineral. and ii is this great store of
supplies that has made so prosper
Gus and so important figure in the
world. Countries without these re-
sources are never prosperous. AS you
viii observe by a study of history This
country to remain prosperous must not
waste its natural resources.
The bureau wishes to aid in show
ing how these mineral resources NAV
be conserved by proper methods of
ization. 1t wishes to insure that the
next generation and the generation fol-
lowing that and on to unuumbered gem
servation-for proper conservation
means proper use-be in position to
enjoy the benefits of the natural re-
sources the owners today. 1t
hopes that it will not be said in the
future that the wastefulness, greed
and rapacity of the present owners
made this country bankrupt
The bureau does not profess that n
great many of the present owners of
the natural resources of the country
do not understand their business and
are not trying to prevent waste. 1t does
maintain, however, that in certain
parts of the country the bureaus en-
Sineers have found some men using
better methods for getting more of
the resources from the ground; and it
has made II it's duty to tell the other
fellow just what these methods are
And, through a proper propaganda, 1t
has endeavored to arouse Z national
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-11-02
MOB LYNCHES MAN
TAKEN FROM JAIL
Victim Was Under Arrest in Con-
nection With Murder of Well
Known Citizen.

Columbia. Miss. Oct. 31.-Jack
Hughes. 80 years old. member OF a
prominent family of Washington Par
ish. Louisiana. adjoining this county.
was taken from the county Jail here
early today by party Of masked
men and hanged to a tree a short
distance outside the city limits
Hughes was under arrest in connec-
tion with the murder Of LaRue Hol-
loway, a well-known man OF this
place. who was killed near here on
the night of October 21.
Otho Fortenberry, the jailer, who
occupied quarters on the second floor,
was awakened about / o'clock this
morning by three masked men who,
after forcing him to give up the key
to the cell occupied by Hughes, bound
him to his bed. The lynchers took
Hughes from two Of the several pris-
oners in adjoining cells. These were
unable to say how, many men were in
the party. ''-" 4'"'
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-11-02
TEUTONS PRESSING
FORWARD IN SERV|A
Capture Arsenal Town While
Bulgars Push on Toward
War Capital.
SERBS RESISTING BRAVELY
Forced Back in North, But Able to
Make Some Headway in More
Southerly Section.

London, Nov. 1.-The Germans
have occupied Kraguyevatz, the arse
nal town Of Servia. while their Bull
garian allies are pushing their way
through the mountains to Nish, Ser
Was war capital.
From all sides the Germans, Aus
trians and Bulgarisns are closing in
on the Servian armies, the position
Of which grows graver daily. They
are fighting fereeiy, however, to save
their country, and have inflicted such
losses on Field Marshal von Macken-
sens force that he has been com
pelled to send for reinforcements and
leave the more serious work OF invad-
ing the eastern and southern parts of
the country to the Bulgarians, who
have had more experience in noun
tain warfare such as the Servtans are
waging.
CHECKED IN SOUTH.
From the juncture of the Danube
and Timok rivers, in the northeast, to
are moving westward, driving the
Servians out of the towns into the
mountains. but from Uskup south
ward they have been checked as the
Servians in that territory have been
reinforced by the French and British
with modern guns and with gunners
who gained valuable experience in
France and Gallipoli.
Beyond the forces landed at Salon
Xxi, which German estimates place at
10000 men, there Is no news of fur
ther assistance being sent by the
allies to Servia.
Russians transports have been re-
ported off Varna, but the report lacks
confirmation. There is, however,
evidence in dispatches from Buch-
Arrest that the people OF Roumania at
least desire intervention and that
pressure is being brought on the King
and cabinet to induce them to join
force to pass through Roumanian ter
ritory TO attack Bulgaria from the
east. Greece continues her friendly
neutrality.
The Germans having failed in two
months of almost incessant attacks
to reach Riga and Dvinsk by various
routes are trying to advance along
the railway skirting the Gulf of
ID ;,,a
reached a point west of Scholz
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-11-02
FOR CONTINENTAL ARMY.
National Guard VIII Support Secre-
tary Garrfson's Plan.

Washington. Oct. 30.-Support of
the National Guardsmen OF the coun-
try for the Administrations defense
plans, including the formation of a
continental army, was virtually as
sured today at the conclusion of a
two-day conference between Secre-
tary Garrison and members of the
executive committee of the National
Guard Association and the National
Militia Board. Some opposition to
the continental army scheme de-
veloped yesterday when the confer
ence began, but Secretary Garrison
was successful in convincing the
euardsmen Of the wisdom OF the plan
and also that no steps would be
spared to promote the interests OF the
National Guard because OF the new
plan. -..
General Foster OF the Florida Ma.
tional Guard, chairman OF the exec
utive committee, issued statement
saying that. while the National Guard
officers felt they could not, in their
respective caDacitv, give expression
with regard to all OF the proposals
embraced in the plan untn IL had
been fully considered. nv the organ
ton which they represent, individ-
val expressions indicate that the SEN
tment Of the National Gnard would
be favorable to the recommendations
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-11-02
PRESIDENT TO WE'D
LATE - - DECF--RER
statement Issued at the White
House Yesterday to Quiet
Speculation.

Washington, Nov. lit was for
mally announced today at the White
House that the marriage of President
Wilson and Mrs. Norman Bait will
take place near the close of Decem-
Der" and that it will be private at
Mrs. Galt's home here.
This statement was issued by Sec
retary Tumulty:
I'm order to quiet speculation,
President Wilson and Mrs. Norman
Gait today authorized the announce
ment that their marriage will take
place near the close OF December.
Their plans are for a very simple
ceremony. 1t will be quietly per-
formed at Mrs. Galt's residence. No
invitations will be issued, and 1t is
expected that the only guests will be
the members OF the two families"
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-11-02
Hesot.asins with Germany.

Washington. Nov, 1.--Negotia-
tons between Germany and the Uni
ted States regarding the sinking OF
the liner Lusitania and other ques-
tions pending between the. two ma
tions will be resumed tomorrow when
Count Won Bernstorff, the German
ambassador, will call upon Secretary
Lansing at the state department. The
question of indemnity for Americans
lost in the sinking of the Arabic still
is unsettled and probably will be
taken up.