davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark post., 1915-01-20
Volunteer In The
British Army

Alexander ID. Teller, a brother
of William Teller of the College
Farm, left his position at Connec-
ticut Agricultural College on
November 3rd and sailed for his
home in Scotland to volunteer in
the army of His Majesty. He writes
that he is now corporal in the Ma
tional Reserves, guarding the
Liverpool docks.
Mr.. Teller was a volunteer in
the South African war, serving for
three years campaign. The pay
for corporal in the British Army
is 10 shillings 6 pence or $3.50 per
week.
Newark post., 1915-01-20
SOME. CONVINCING FIGURES
LIBRARIES IN THE TOWNS OF DELAWARE

The subject of a free library
for Newark has been an open ques-
ton for years. The following let
ter, based upon careful personal
investigation is, therefore, of espec-
ial interest.
Editor Of the Newark Post,
Dear Sir: A number of times in
the columns Of your paper you
have asked that some one opposed
to the establishment of Free Lib
rary in Newark would state his OBJ
jections. You have courted a dis
cussion Of the reason for and
against, yet no one has appeared
as champion on either side. Why
not make a house to house canvass,
as the members Of the New Cen
fury Club did years ago when the
present Clown Library" was
founded? AS your urgent appeals
to any opponent Of the cause you
hold so dear, have been unanswered
one might reasonably suppose there
are no objections; on the other side
again since no one makes a definite
move to secure this emblem of pro-
gressivness for the town there is
room for just suspicion of doubt
as to the reality Of its supporters
Personally | have always believed
i'll free Libraries especially in the
crowded centers Of population, bur
have sometimes doubted their sue
cess in small towns and villages
where proper supervising librarian.
could scarcely be afforded Their,
is more than a grain of truth il
Price Golfers words that 9Th,
freedom Of libraries to the men
tally unstable is as dangerous al
the freedom of the city to the NOR
ally unsound, and this littering o
the land with libraries will on
day be looked upon not as char
ity but as folly"
Realizing however that fact
have their place in life even i
Gradgrind did overrate them,
have endeavored to gather a few
which bear upon library work il
Delaware The results show that il
five representative towns namely
Newark, Odessa, Dover, Smyrn
and Seaford the three free librar
les have much larger percentag
of borrowers than the two sub
scription libraries. | wrote to tn
librarians in each of these town
asking questions relating to hour
of keeping library open, number 0
volumes, resident and non-residen
patrons, and white and colore
population. Mr.. L. HeisIer Ba
gave me the proportion of whit
and negro population in rural De
; aware and the exact population G
: the towns mentioned. In every cas-
. save that Of Smyrna the populatio
Newark post., 1915-01-20
MIR. Jacobs Leases
Machine Shops

The American Machine Shops,
located on Cleveland avenue, has
been leased by the local contract
ing engineer. L. B. Jacobs. The
shops under the new management
will be opened for business Janu-
ary %. with Howard Leak as sup
erintendent. The work OF manu-
featuring Hot Aid Engines will be
carried on as we'll as general re-
pair work. These shops are es'
po,ialIy well equipped for this
class of work.
Newark post., 1915-01-20
Chimney On Fire

Fire in the chimney was discov-
cred last Sunday evening at the
home of Samuel Murray on the
George G. Kerr farm, south of
town.. A call for assistance was
put III at Aetna headquarters at
$50, but in less time than it was
possible to respond, came a second
call, telling that the fire was under
control. Practically no damage
was done.
Newark post., 1915-01-20
Missionary Day
At St. Thomas

The season Of the Epiphany is
signalized each year, in the SUD
day Schools of the Church, by a
Missionary Sunday, appointed by
the General Convention.
Next Sunday, the Third Sunday
of the Epiphany-tide, at II a. m.,
this day will be observed at ST..
Thomas Church
A special printed Order of
Thanksgiving will be used at this
Service.
Newark post., 1915-01-20
Parent-Teachers'
Association Meeting

A meeting of the Parent-Teach-
ers' Association will be held in the
College Oratory on Thursday af-
ternoon, January %, at three-thirty
O. clock. DR.. S. G. Mitchell, presi-
dent of Delaware College, will ad-
dress the meeting Music will be
furnished by the Delaware College
Orchestra. A cordial invitation is
extended to everyone.
Newark post., 1915-01-20
Robbers At FELTON,

Burglars early last Tuesday
morning broke open the rear door
of the postoffice at FELTON, and
chacking the safe obtained $3.50
in cash and quantity of stamps.
Blankets were used to muff1e the
report of the explosion. They
used a chisel, sledge and wrench
taken from John Harrington S
blacksmith shop.
Newark post., 1915-01-20
MIR. Medill Promoted

Charles L. Medill. Of this town,
has been promoted to Receiving
Teller at the Central National
Bank Of Wilmington to succeed
Robt. P. Robinson who has been
made Assistant Cashier. Mr.. Me-
dill's promotion has been rapid
having been in the employ of tt
bank only eight years.
Newark post., 1915-01-20
Local w. c. T. u. Meeting

The local w. G. 7. U. will meet
at the Presbyterian Manse with
Mrs. w. j. Rowan, Friday after
noon at 2 o'clock.
Newark post., 1915-01-20
Enters Judgment
Against De-

Robert NJ. Burns,
for New Castle cor
having been not
Court to Y
amounts owe
ment "a
the two
! Prot
house.
the +
State
to VIC,
of tn
have
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Char
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set M
Senat
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/ Anth,
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Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

tai needed to get the best results.
Every generation is going to find 1t
more difficult to till the soil properly,
unless some workable method OF
financing the land can be found.
Shortly before his death. while tes-
tifying before congressional COM
mittee, j. Pierpont Morgan startled
his countrymen by announcing that
he considered character to be the
chief security. He said he had
loaned as high as a million dollars
to a single man on this security
alone When the various systems of
European cooperative banks or credit
associations are analysed they are
found to be all based upon few
common features, namely, character,
supervision. and helpfulness. Wal
lace and Wilson state 1t thus:
"These are found mainly among
the poorest of the poor, in sections
where it would be hard to find an
Individual who could be entitled to
credit at any bank. They are simply
associations of farmers of the highest
character-for they have no credit
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

except for integrity. They borrow
money at three per cent and loan it
out to themselves at about four per
cent, for productive purposes only
and subject to supervision by COM
mittee Of the association. The two
features that characterize these
credit associations are unlimited la
bility and supervision. Each member
is liza BILE for the debts Of the associa-
ton; and a committee Of the associa-
ton determines whether the pro-
posed borrower wishes to borrow for
productive purposes, sees to it that
he purchases wisely, and that he pro-
ceeds properly with the animal or the
thing purchased with the borrowed
money For example, If it is pro-
posed to buy a COW, the committee
determines whether he needs COW,
then sees that he makes a good pur-
chase and then that he cares for the
cow properly"
1t is my opinion that If we are to
inaugurate successful system of
farm credit, we should try to forget
the methods employed by credit
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

associations In Europe. What we
should do is to try to comprehend
the principles employed and seek to
adapt them to American ideals, GUS
toms, and governmental methods.
What is wanted is some method by
which young men who wish to be-
come farmers may offer evidence of
ability, thrift, and character. There
is wanted some guarantee that the
money will be used for productive
purposes and sufficient supervision
to determine that the money will be
wisely expended.
What is needed Is some basis on
which educated, Woodworking, hon.
est young men between the ages Of
twenty-one and thirty may obtain a
reasonable capital with which to
make a home in the, open country.
What is needed is some method of re-
placing the opportunity which for
merly existed under the Homestead
Act.
No young man can obtain employ
ment in the government service with
out passing civil service examina-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
WHAT PAINT WILL DO.

Too many farmers have the habit Of
putting off painting until a house
fairly screams for it-and they per-
haps figure that they are economizing.
Not So Good paint. applied at regu-
lar intervals not too far apart Is the
true economy in that it not only &C.
tually raises the value of a building
by improved appearance, but through
preventative ingredients prevents and
arrests decay. The man who lets his
house become an eyesore in an other
wise well-kept locality should be
taxed for the heavy damage he is
doing to that community.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

ton. No person can teach in the
public school without teachers GER
tificate. No physician or pharmacist
may practice his profession unless he
shows certain technical knowledge.
No man can occupy the pulpit without
demonstrating his fitness.
Suppose a young man could pass
an examination In agriculture, sup
pose he could present evidence Of
practical farm experience, suppose he
had actually earned and saved q
given amount Of money, suppose he
had a reputation for honesty and
good habits, why should not the State
lend him money on terms similar to
those on which the State now keeps
six million dollars on deposit in
banks, or why should not the United
States loan it's postal deposits on
terms similar to those on which it
now loans it to saving banks.
Senator Fletcher. referring to credit
associations in Moody's Magazine
says:
This is the first advantage brought
by such associations,-cheap inter-
est rates. Each year the farmer Is
required to pay, besides the interest.
a certain percentage towards reduc-
ing the principal of the loan. The
payments of the mortgagors now are
generally the same each year
larger portion of the sum going to-
wards principal and smaller towards
interest as the principal is gradually
reduceds For instance, it is figured
that a farmer having a loan at 4.3
per cent and paying each year 6.56
per cent would wipe out the loan in
twenty-five years This practice.
called amortization, is Of the greatest
value to farmers, for it makes their
payments on principal consistent with
their income expended on agricultural
improvements. So long as the farmer
meets these annual payments the
mortgage will not be foreclosed. Also,
the interest rate can never be raised
during the life of the loan.
THUS we see that such a system
reduces interest rates, makes the de-
mands upon the farmer consistent
with his income, eliminates commits
sions, protects him from foreclosure
and from an advance of interest
rates. 1t changes a mortgage from
a burdensome debt to an advan-
tageous form of credit-an invest
ment."
The postal deposits are loaned to
saving banks at two per cent. The
State loans It's surplus at two per
cent. Suppose a young man. having
saved one thousand dollars, could go
to the State or to the United States
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
HOW TO GROW A BOSTON FERN

The Boston fern is one OF the Oldest
and best known varieties; OWING "
its graceful dropping habit OF grown
It ia sometimes called the FOUNTAIN
fern. One immense plant seen py the
writer is about Ave years old and has
some fronds which measure over
eight feet from tip to tip. 1t has
been nourished about twice q week
with a weak solution of fish scrap
water.
The SCRAP referred to, is obtained
from a "menhaden' factory, and is
the dry product after the oil has
been extracted from the fish. To OBJ
tain the best results, it Is we'll to
grind the scrap very fine, add about
two tablespoonful to gallon OF
water, which must be we'll stirred
before the necessary portion Is ap-
piled to the SOIL
Generally speaking, the crowns OF
all ferns should be kept well above
the earth which should be kept quite
damp, but not sodden. Very little
spraying Of the foliage is advisable,
as the plants are nourished almost
entirely from the roots, Young and
tender plants must be shielded from
heavy rains and strong winds. Maiden
hair ferns need especial care, for II
once permitted to become very dry,
TIE fronds shrivel quickly; they must
also be kept from a gas heater or
lighted rooms. In potting all plants
it Is well to put piece Of coarse mus
lin in the bottom Of the pot before
putting in bits Of stone. This keeps
the drainage good and prevents the
earth from washing away.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

habits of theN insect showed that the
pear psylla passes the winter as an
adult or fly" and that it deposits it's
eggs in the spring within a short
period after it's emergence from
alternating quarters. The psylla
was observed to winter on various
fruit trees such as apple, cherry,
plum, and peach, but the largest
number of the flies sought hiberna
ton in the rough bark of pear trees.
During the spring, as result of
constantly increasing temperatures
and the daily effectiveness of sun
light, a few hours of time proved
sufficient to induce great activity
among the adults. It was not uncom-
mon to see them fly or jump directly
after emergence from their winter
retreats.
If moderate temperatures prevailed
eggs were largely deposited within g
few days after the emergence of the
alternating adults in the spring.
Opposition continued for several
weeks, especially If the weather was
variable, but usually most of the eggs
were deposited before the last of
April Some ova were laid on foliage
but it appeared that these normally
are comparatively few In numbers
and result in little or no serious in
festation of the foliage.
The practice Of clean culture and
the removal and destruction of the
rough bark left the flies with few
opportunities Of escape from appli-
cations Of contact mixtures. Misctble
oils nicotine preparations and soapy
solutions were effective sprays against
the psylla adults. Homemade oil
emulsions were less satisfactory,
which may have been owing to vary
ing percentages of oil in the mixtures,
caused by imperfectly prepared emul-
sions
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

rhose who take charge of land
through Inheritance usually are re-
ouired TO assume obligations to otner
h.irs Thus the young man who thinks
of farming is brought face to race
with the question of capital. mo
average young man OF brains ana GU
ucation has before him the alterna-
tive of accepting salary or $ooo 70
$1,000 a year or assuming DEBT OF
IS, 900 to $4,000.
A generation ago conditions were
very different. With a few dollars to
invest in teams and tools man could
homestead one hundred and sixty
acres of land, and often pay for his
whole investment out Of the first crop.
To be sure. the conditions were primt-
tive. improvements had later to be
made at considerable expense. These
improvements are now MADE. Inc
next generation to enter upon the
farms must have the capital TO pay
for the improvements and the rise IN
ground rental Less than generation
ago, an Englishman took up some ten
Thousand acres Of land IN the San
Joaquin Valley. The University OF
California has obtained fifty-four hum
dred acres by the gift Of Mr.. Kear-
ney, Much OF it rents for fifteen dol
lars a year cash rent. I do not know
what Mr.. Kearney paid for this land,
but It is safe guess that he got a
title in fec simple for less than fifteen
dollars per acre. The extensive and
expensive improvements he put on this
land have raised its value. A new
generation must pay the new price to
acquire this or similar land. This Is
the real reason why the subject OF
farm credit has assumed national i'm
portance. Speaking broadly. 1t Is not
the man of forty-five that needs farm
credit. It is the man Of twenty-five
that needs it. It is doubtful whether
the kind Of farm credit I am about to
propose should be given to any man
over thirty fears Of age.
Most of the business Of the world
Is conducted on credit. All the great
business undertakings require credit.
than half of them women, have in
effect loaned money to single rail-
road company. Technically they are
stockholders. Virtually it amounts to
loan. Farming Is different only In
requiring refinancing at more frequent
intervals through young men who IN
the nature Of the case can nave little
credit. It Is this lack of credit that
forces them into wage-earnlng occu-
pations. It is this lack of credit that
prevents those who do undertake
farming from putting into it the capt.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

and borrow four thousand dollars
not at two per cent but at three per
cent. If he should pay six per cent
on this amount, or two hundred and
forty dollars annually. at the end of
twenty-five years. approximately. he
would have cancelled the principal
and interest.
Will there not be objections to this
plan? Most assuredly. One objec-
ton will be that 1t may tend to re-
duce the value of money. It Is just
as we'll to understand the fundamen-
tai problem. II you happen to raise
prunes you are naturally much OPP
posed to anything that would tend to
reduce the price Of prunes. If
cattle-raiser, you do moth look with
favor upon the Introduction Of Aus
traHan beef. In like manner the
banker who loans money at ten per
cent under certain conditions, to buy
cows. will not become enthusiastic
over a system which would permit
man to pay off principal and interest
in twenty-five years at the rate of six
per cent. But the banker is not the
only person interested. Every person
who carries life insurance or has
money in the savings banks is con-
cerned. The farmers Of the United
States are as class money lenders.
They are the principal source OF
capital for young men who are be-
ginning to farm This Is one of
several reasons why the credit banks
Of Europe may not be applicable to
American conditions. Undoubtedly
the present silly methods both in re-
ceiving and handling postal deposits
was caused by the fear that reason
able methods would reduce the value
of money. The whole question is one
between the rewards OF capital as
compared with the rewards OF labor
The laborer in the city has, through
organization or otherwise method
Of maintaining the rewards OF labor.
No such opportunity exists in the open
country
1 do not ask you to assume tht.
there would be no difficulties in til,
execution of this plan. l merely cc-
sire to convince you that some sue
method would be worth while. | am
perfectly familiar with the arSu-
mentS tndL nave Deen uSeu anu Wal
be used, why the United States and
the State may loan money to banks
and may not loan it to individuals.
My reply to all these arguments is
that we have before us matter OF
the deepest national concern. 1t
men of brains and character, in the
future as in the past, are to cultivate
the land, they must have an even
chance with their wage-ear1in.;
brothers. Every man is going to try
to make for himself and family a
comfortable home. If he deems ne
cannot start with an even chance on
farm, he will go elsewhere. This IS
not plan to help the farmer; 1t is
plan to help the nation. When the
people come to understand that this
is so, a way will be found by which
money may be loaned to individuals
as we'll as to banks and upon SUBJ
stantially equal terms.-Extract from
a paper read before the meeting OF
the Patrons of Husbandry OF Calf
fornia.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
Keep the Sheep
t Y Out Of the Rain

A few days ago, while returning
from our home town, I was struck by
the sad and forsaken appearance Of
a flock of sheep subjected to beating
rain.
Their backs were bumped up, their
heads dropping and the general APP
pearance gave the Impression that
they were the victims Of a careless
and thoughtless farmer.
It Is true that the fleece of sheep
is quite long and dense and in an
ordinary rain it Is quite improbable
that the fleece should become thor
oughly saturated, but it is also true
that all rains are not Ordinary" ones,
and we can never tell just when one
of these beating. driving rains will
come to cause misery to the ewes and
loss to the farmers pocketbook.
1t is at once apparent that the wet
eve is not one to do the best for her
owner. AS long as she is soaked she
will not Craze, or if she does it will
be only enough to furnish the actual
needs of the body.
This is not enough The breeding
eve should secure more feed than
maintenance requires if she is to do
we'll for her oWner-she must be con-
tinually gaining in flesh.
Probably the greatest damage re-
sulting to eve on account of a rain
is the discomfort that follows the
wetting. Think how unpleasant 1t Is
to work in wet clothes! How much
worse it is, therefore, for the eve who
Is naturally of a tender nature. to
undergo the discomfort resulting from
carrying around a damp fleece. In the
summer time when it is warm it Is
bad enough, but in the winter it Is
awful.
The fleece, being very dense, it is
days before the water will entirely
evaporate. Then the greatest amount
of the evaporation is caused by the
heat of the animals body.
Just try to think Of the heat neces-
sary to evaporate the large amount of
water that a thoroughly saturated
fleece would hold. Many sheep have
caught colds from this very cause
that resulted in inflammation, even
worse. catarrh.
rheumatism is often one Of the re-
suits and a sheep once the victim OF
this disease is of very little value.
What, then, Is the remedy? It Is
simple. Provide your sheep with dry
shelter close to their pasture. It need
not be costly barn. A shed is plenty
good enough provided 1t is water
tight, and 1t need not be especially
warm if 1t Is only dry.-E. Henderson.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
PAYS TO RAISE POULTRY.

The retail price Of eggs in the large
Pacific coast cities all last Fall was
from IS to 60 cents per dozen. In
Chicago the price ran from 35 to As
cents, while in most Eastern cities
the range was from 40 to IS cents,
according to age and the attractive
ness Of the package in which they
we're sold. The man or woman who
cannot make handsome profits by
raising eggs at these prices has no
business in the game.