davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

it is ~reoccupied. This was shown dur-
ing an experiment with a flock In a
small city garden. During the fall
steady trapping reduced the resident
flock in the garden to a dozen indi-
viduals, 274 birds having been trapped.
The survivors were poisoned.
Though another flock lived in the
street just beyond the fence, the gar
den was sparrow-free for three
months. In the following spring a
few sparrows appeared, but were
soon trapped. After this the garden
remained throughout the summer
without a resident flock, and only
rarely was it visited by sparrows from
other parts of the neighborhood.
Sparrows frequently become a null
sance by roosting in ornamental vines
and in crevices about buildings. If
scared out late at night, several nights
in succession, they will usually desert
the roost. A stream of water from a
garden hose is a potent ejector, par
ticularly on frosty nights. Where
water is not available small Roman
candles may be employed.
Though sparrows may be driven
from d given HeisHoolnoou, Lie IeiAei
thus obtained is only temporary, and
has the further objection that the nui-
sance is simply transferred else
where. More drastic action Is there
fore preferable.
The most effective method Of pre-
venting the increase Of sparroWs In {
locality is to destroy their nests a
intervals of 10 or ~ days Throughout
the breeding season. In a town o.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

than meadow mice, but this Is more
than made up for In the fact that in
their underground life they are less
exposed to their enemies among birds
and mammals. Like meadow mice,
they sometimes become abnormally
abundant.
In the eastern part Of tho United
States pine mice do moro damage to
orchards than do meadow mice, partly
because their work Is undiscovered
until trees begin to die. The runs of
meadow mice under grass or leaves
are easily found and the injury thoy
do to trees is always visible. Or tho
other hand, depredations by pine mice
can be found only after digging about
the tree and exposing the trunk below
the surface. The roots of small trees
are often entirely eaten off by pine
mice, and pine trees as we'll as de-
ciduous forest trees. when young, are
frequently killed by these animals.
Methods Of destroying field mice or
holding them In check by trapping and
poisoning r equally applicable to
meadow mice and pine mice.
II mice are present in small num-
bers, as is often the case in lawns,
gardens, or seed beds, they may readily
be caught in strong mouse traps Of the
guillotine type. These should be
baited with oatmeal or other grain, or
may be set In the mouse rum without
bait.
I. Trapping has special advantages for
small areas where q limited number
OF mice are present, but 1t Is also
adapted to large areas whenever It Is
undesirable to lay out poison. It Is
then necessary to use many traps and
continue their use for several weeks
II mice are moderately abundant, from
IL to 20 traps per acre may be used to
advantage. These should soon make de-
cided inroads on the numbers Of mice
in IN orchard II not practically to ex-
terminate them. For pine mice the
tunnels should be excavated sufficiently
to admit the trap on q level with the
bottom. A light garden trowei may
be used for the necessary digging.
On larger where mice =
abundant, poisoning is the quickest
means Of destroying them. and ven
on small areas it has advantages o9s1
trapping. The following formula =
Recommended:
Dry grain formula-Mfx thoroughly
one ounce powdered strychnino (alka-
loid), / unc powdered bicarbonate
of soda, and V ounce Cor less) Of
saccharine. Put the mixture Ia . tin
pepper box and sift It gradually ossP
SO pounds Of crushed wheat oy 20
pounds OF crushed oats IN . metal fub>
mixing the grain constantly % that
the poison will be evenly distributed
Dry MIXING. as above described, has
the advantage that the grain may b
kept any length OF time without FER
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

states the insect is chiefly a pest on
peas. In the middle and western
states It is a pest on clover.
Under the name Of green dolphin"
this aphid has long been known in
Europe for its injuries to peas and
vetches, and in minor measur to
clovers and various wholesome lprty
plants in all.
In America the aphid has done inn
mense damage to peas and clovers. 1t
affects especially leguminous plants,
but numbers also among its food
plants many weeds. The more i'm
portant Of its food plants are red
clover, crimson clover, field pea. sweet
pea, vetches (known also as "tares'),
beets, lettuce. shepherds purse. and
nettle and other weeds. Alfalfa seems
to be immune from attack. Thirty
sweeps Of the net in red clover yield ed
5000 of the aphids, while the sAn.c
number of similar sweep in al ad-
Joining field of alfalfa gave only 80.
On soy beans growing next to heavily
infested clover, not a single louise was
found.
Where peas are grown. the aphid
winters In q field of clover or on weeds
las a wingless female CT as an egg).
and in spring is confined to theae until
the peas start to grow, n then It
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09
The Ounce

h fact that this fruit cannot b
eaten raw, though delicious when
cooked, greatly impedes the progress
Of its culture. When the plant breeder
has given h ounce the texture OF the
apple, decreased the number OF seedA
and somewhat lessened the very pro-
nounced flavor, it will become q dessert
fruit second to none.
The ounce is a native of South
Europe, where it has been grown 1000
years. The Greeks and Romans es-
teemed it highly. ''Quinces,' wrote
Columella, nearly 1000 years ago,
mot only yielded pleasure, but
health" Beyond question, the ounce
was the golden apple Of the Hes.
grown In the city Of Cydon, In Crete,
Cydonia vulgaris.
The ounce Is a deciduous tree OF
small size, with crooked branches and
a spreading. bushy head. It's habit Of
growth is slow. The rec rarely ex-
coed Is feet in height. The leaves
are peculiar in being very downy un-
derneath. and in hanging on late IN
the autumn. It uns easily into tho
bush form, as we commonly see It,
which form Is not at all desirable. In
constitution, 1t is less hardy than
either the apple or the pear, but
somewhat moro 80 than the peach.
The flavor Of the fruit is better in warm
countries than In cold. .
The ounce merits high esteem as
an ornamental plant. Its large white
and pale pink blossoms, which appear
later than those of other fruit trees,
make it a beautiful tree: nor Is It Less
ornamental in late autumn, when
laden with its golden fruit. The
autumn colors of the leaves are also
attractive.
The ounce is everywhere valued for
preserves and for the making Of mar.
malades.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

enough to be operated by a sparrow's
weight is likely to get out of order
unless the parts are few and well pro-
tected from the weather.
When extensive trapping is under
taken, the traps employed must fulfill
certain requirements in addition to
ultimate efficiency. Especially impor-
tant are simple and prompt action,
portability, and cheapness, all of
which are found in the funnel trap.
Numerous experiments show that
funnel traps usually make a catch on
the first day they are set. This trap
has no loose parts to become disar-
ranged and requires no tools to keep
1t in order. Although somewhat
bulky, 1t weighs but little, and when
painted green or gray is inconspicuous.
It is easy to construct, and the cost
of material Is slight. The funnel trap
has been tested n the Agricultural
Grounds in Washington with excellent
results, n one sent for trial to the
Missouri Botanical Gardens at st.
Louis during one summer caught 800
sparrows in six weeks.
In setting a funnel trap a place
should be selected where sparrows
are accustomed to assemble. Often
there are several such places in a
neighborhood, in which case 1t Is adj
visable 70 move the trap daily from
one of them to another, because the
birds appear to associate the locality
rather than the trap with the distress
Of their imprisoned comrades. Canary
seed, hemp seed, wheat, oats, n
bread crumbs are excellent bats. The
bait should be scattered in the ante
chamber and first funnel and also,
sparingly, outside about the entrance.
A live sparrow kept in the trap as a
decoy will facilitate a catch. In cas-
native birds enter q trap they may be
released without harm. Trapping
may begin at any time after young
sparrows are able to take care Of
themselves. Each days catch should
be removed from the trap at nightfall,
and If a decoy is used 1t should be
comfortably housed and otherwise
cared for when off duty.
In removing sparrows from either
a funnel or a sieve trap a receiving
box will be found useful. It should
be about 6 inches square and '1S inches
long, inside measurement. The door,
hinged at the bottom n turning
inward, i. controlled by the part of
it's wire frame extending through the
side Of the box to form a handle.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

complete and the cambium entirely
eaten through, the action Of sun and
wind soon completes the destruction
Of the tree. If the injury Is not too
extensive, prompt covering OF the
wounds will usually save the tree. In
any case of girdling heaping up fresh
soil about the trunk so as to cover the
wounds and prevent evaporation Is
recommended as the simplest remedy.
To save large and valuable trees bridge
grating may be employed.
Pine mice inhabit chiefly forested
regions and are unknown o. the open
plains. Ordinarily they live in the
woods, but are fond Of old pastures or
lands not frequently cultivated. From
woods. hedges, and fence rows they
spread into gardens, lawns and fields
through their underground tunnels or
those Of the garden mole. The tunnels
Of the pine mice are smaller than
those Of the mole. While the mole
feeds almost wholly upon insects and
earthworms, and seldom eats vege-
ia BILE substances. pine mice live upon
seeds, roots and leaves. Their harm
full activities include the destruction OF
potatoes, sweet potatoes, bulbs, shrub
| berry and trees.
They destroy many fruit trees. The
mischief they do is not usually dis
covered until later, when harvest re-
veals the rifled potato hills or when
leaves or plants suddenly wither.
While they differ little from meadow
mice in general food habits, their sur
roundings afford them a larger proper
ton of mast. They are less prolific
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

The English sparrow among pirds'
like the rat among mammals, Is cum
ming, destructive, and filthy. Its nat
ural diet consists of seeds. but IT eats
a great variety Of other foods. Whlle
much Of its fare consists OF waste
material from the streets. IN autumn
and winter 1t consumes quantities OF
weed seed and In summer numerous
insects. The destruction OF weed seed
should undeniab bly, count In the spar
rows favor, Its record as to insects
IN most localities Is not so clear. In
exceptional cases 1t a been found
very useful as a destroyer of insect
pests. For example, during a recent
investigation Of birds that destroy the
alfalfa weevil in northern Utah. Eng
lish sparrows were feeding their nest
Jings largely on weevil larvae and
cutworms, 10th Of which are very in
FURIOUS to alfalfa. In this case the
6 arrows, attracted by grain in fields
rl,. poultry runs and by the excellent
/, .t sites afforded by the matched
81 is If nany farm buildings. had left
4, v and taken up their abode In
untry where the weevil out
subsequently occurred. Unfor-
~ t =. flS,. Suh 80
t su,h aid against their insect
!, Forever this bird proves USE
!, ael.r. it IS N tied to the full
- ~t~cti,n and encouragement In
r.ti n to its ret value. Under
III .r.l Conditions its choice of insects
~ { II urf: 70 a5,e. Out CT 522 eng
ST: GOV stpraachs examined by
I q ! al Survey, Al con aimed
mEE - l-~.~ - to
y. ~ 3 contained insects of little
Il ~ n cita.ce.
&c etac- land. much is to be
~: "a t the bird. 1t destroys
IS ,~l,rries. grapes. pears and
NJ also destroys birds and
IL ID : u t:r~ted t ees. shrubs, and
~, . arden t eats seeds as
.',cr nd nips off tcndcr young
IA - .s.ccieUy peas and lettuce,
er :. . Ct above Ground. 1t
81, a. Eat and ol>er grains.
a, t.. q raw!y sown. ripening or in
- =. look OF so sparrows
-. & ;Iy the equivalent of a
-: -. vi cat. the annual less caused
?ec / DIS throughout the country
,%ry 'rI2at. 1t reduces the numbers
]. en,r r III mcst useful and attrac-
II at g ii:as. AZ b%luebirds. house
ls.a SUPP g mart MS, tree swallows,
"; VS., and barn swallows, by
-. Htr their eggs and young and
:t'I.lt -" nesting places. 1t attacks
Il" ecies, as the robin, wren,
II. ri ma hooking bird. causing
4 y t. &csc"t parks and shady streets
",S. Unlike our native birds
, . ace it uSurpS. it has no song,
hit &; noisy n vituperative. 1t de-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

Ladybird "a, Larvae; b, Empty
Pilpal Skin; C, Beetle. One of the
Most Efficient Of the Insect Enemies
of the Glover Louise.
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland,
the District of Columbia, Virginia,
North Carolina, Ohio, Illinois, Mich1-
gan. Wisconsin,, Minnesota. Nebraska,
Iowa, Kentucky and Texas. 1t has
occurred In other states but not with
such injurious results. In the eastern
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

Nearly a third of Sicily's great lemon
manufacture of citrate Of lime, while
the peel of the same fruit yields almost
the whole of the worlds supply OF
essential oil or essence of lemon, and
then is exported to be %cand1ed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

appear in dry weather but is common
after a rain or two at any time during
the growing season, but Is most
abundant under the combined inf1u-
ences of moisture and warmth. Then
it sweeps off myriads Of aphids.
The clover louise Is affected directly
or indirectly by a large number of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09
BY j. w. FOLSOM, Illinois

does not get to the early varieties,
though it devastates the late-sown peas.
The first aphis select the youngest
leaves and shoots, but eventually the
lice cover the entire plant and sap
out its life, rendering it unfit even for
fodder.
Several years ago, in Wisconsin, the
louise was noticed in a ive-hundred
acre field Of peas about July goth; In
less than a week all the plants were
dead and brown. In Maryland the
louise destroyed peas valued at $1,000
900 in one year.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

Short-tailed ield mice are commonly
known as meadow mice, pine mice, and
moles; locally as bear mice, buck
tailed mice, or black mice. The term
includes a large number of closely
related species widely distributed over
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

1000 Inhabitants, where this method
Of attack has been practiced during
the past four years, 10000 eggs have
been destroyed and the number of
sparrows has been greatly reduced.
This work, however. should not be
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

This pest was, in all probability, in
troduced with clover and peas from
Europe, where 1t Is widely distributed
and common. In the United States 1t
has been injurious in Maine, Vermont.
New Hampshire, Massachusetts. Con
necticut, New York, New Jersey,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

A good start TO. the young calf Is
whole milk for three weeks and then
q gradual change to skim milk with a
little oilmeal to balance it up.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

insects, about thirty-three in all. The
most important of these appear to be
the l%adybird beetle. The larvae of
this insect destroy immense numbers
of these aphids.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

Use the curry comb and brush every
morning on the work team. Take
time to do this.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

Now is the time to invite two or
three Of 0 u nea neighbors to join
you in buying a good. pure-bred dairy
sire.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

Aim to raise your work horses and
stop buying. Buying horses Is what
keeps some people poor.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

The dairy COW thai does not yield
over 100 pounds of butter fat per year
is about as profitable to the owner as
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

Pick up stones with a close tined
fork. 1t saves the back.-L. M. B.,
Iowa.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09
THE ENGLISH SPARROW A NUISANCE

The English Sparrow Vas Introduced Into America About Sixty Five Years Ago. and
IS Now Distributed Over Nearly All of the United States and Southern Canada
This Rapid dissemination is a Result Of the Birds Hardness Diversity of Food,
Aggressive Disposition, and Almost Complete Immunity from Natural Enemies
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

Whatever else may be said of the
cement post 1t cannot be said Of 1t that
it rots down.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09
Baateds Guil1ot1ne Trap

mentation. Distribute tho poisoned
grain a teaspoonful at q place. taking
care to put It in tho nous runs. and
at the entrances of burrows To avoid
killing birds It should be placed under
piles Of straw, weeds OF other litter
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

1t takes but a few minutes to make
a bad impression and years to out
live It.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

A nose ring for the yearling bull is
9 wise precautlon to take.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09
Root and y
Trunk of Apple
Tree from Lau-
rel, Md, Gnawed
by Pine Mice.

the Old World and even within the
United States many instances are re-
corded of their extraordinary abund-
ance with accompanying destruction
Of vegetation.
The runs Of meadow mice are main
" on the surface Of the ground under
grass. leaves, weeds, brush, boards,
snow. or other sheltering litter: They
are followed out by the animals
claws, and worn hard and smooth by
being frequently traversed. They are
extensive, much branched, and may
readily be found by parting the grass
or removing the litter. The runs lead
to shallow burrows where large nests
of dead grass furnish winter retreats
for the mice. Summer nests are large
balls of the same material hidden IN
in the grass and often elevated on
small hummocks in the meadows and
marshes where the animals aboun
The young are brought forth IN e1thel
underground or surface nests.
Meadow mice are Injurious to mos
crops. They destroy grass in meadows
and pastures; cut down grain, clover
and alfalfa; eat grain left standing IN
shocks; injure seeds, bulbs, flowers
and garden vegetables; and are es-
pecially harmful to trees and shrub
berry. The extent Of their d~epredat1ons
is usually in proportion to their mum
bers, Thus, in the lower mbol
Valley, Nevada. during W. winters
these mice were abnormally
and totally ruined the alfalfa, Destroy.
ing both stems and roots on aoou'
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

, See that the ground end Of the light
ming rod runs down to damp soil.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

The hen still occupies a conspicuous
position on the premises Of the thrifty
'armer. !"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

A hardwood butter working ladle
- the best to use.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

Receiving Box for Removing Spar
rows from Traps. The BOx AS 1t
appears Is Ready to be Placed Before
The Open Door of a Trap from Which
Birds Are to be Driven.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09
FIELD MICE AS A FARM PEST

The Rayages of Short tailed Field Mice in Many Parts oft the United States Result in
Serious Lmsest % Farmers rchardits and Those Concerned With the Conserve
un of Our Forests, and the Problem oC Controlling the Animals is One Of Consider
able Importance
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-09-09

tho Northern HemlS-
phere. Over 50 species
and races occur within
the United States and
nearly 40 other forms
have b e g n described
from North America.
Old World forms are
fully as numerous.
Meadow mice inhabit
practically the whole of
h Northern Hemis-
A north
of the Tropics; all of
Europe. except Ireland;
and Asia, except The
s o u t h fern part. In
North America t h e r e
are few wide areas ex-
cept arid deserts free
from meadow mice,
and in m o t Of the
United States they have
at times been numerous
and h a r m l. The
animals are very pro-
life, breeding several
tim a season and
producing lttters of
from 6 to 10. Under
favoring circumstances,
n o t we'll understood,
t h e v sometimes pro-
duce abnormally and
become q menace to
M all growing crops.
Plag u es OF
~& meadow mice
~ have often
y tion ed
in t h e
history Of
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-03-18
JOE LARK|NS' CAP
FOUND At HIS HOME
SHOWS UNMiSTikABLE MARKS
OF BLOOD AND WAS SAFE
IN HIDDEN.
Lsrkins Has Made Another State
ment to the OFFICERS, Which
Says That Lindiey Was
Not There

Officer Ellis of the sheriff's de-
partment today received a phone
message from a negro by name of a
7. Tolbert, stating that he had found
cap at the home of Joe L.arkins
on Murdoch street and that it show.
ed unmistakable signs OF blood
Officer Ellis went at once to the
house and secured the cap He learn
ed that the negro Tolbert was there
moving Larkins wife, and that In
rummaging through a sack of Old
clothes he discovered the cap,
It is striped cap. badly worn,
aad has many blood spots on it, 1t
has been identified as one very SINH
lar to the cap worn by Larkins prior
to the killing of Jack Jones.
II Is also understood that Larkins
has made another admission in re-
gard to the killing OF Jack Jones.
which clears Willie l4indley. but the
contents OF his statement cannot at
this time begiven to the public,
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-03-18
COUGH DAVIDSON
STOCK IS SOLD
IMPORTANT BUSINESS DEAL y
CDNStMN AYhD " EDNi&>-
DAY.
THE TRANSFER WAS MADE
New Owners Take Over Man.
aoemcnt al business When
Opened this Morning.

A deal which carried Considera-
ton of something like $4,000 and
has been pending for about three
! weeks, was put through Wednesday
OF this week, whereby w. +. Sims,
of Hillshoro. takes over the Cough
Davidson Dry Goods store at the
corner of Main and Rogers streets.
Mr. Sims took over the business to-
day and is personally experimenting
the management for the present. He
announced that the business here
will be continued undisturbed, and
that it was his purpose to make the
store one of the best in this sec
ton of the state.
W T. Sims is president OF the
Hillsboro Dry Goods company and is
connected with various other enter
prises in our neighboring city. He
has not yet announced the style OF
whether he will be in charge or
place some one else here. These
matters will be worked out In time.
Mr. Sims has been assured that
Waxahaehie people would welcome
him as a citizen of the town.
c. b, Cough. who has had the
management of the business here
since it was established some three
years ago. likewise does not say
positively what he intends to do in
future. However, for the present
he expects to continue to make
Waxahachie his home