davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-07-01

Today's pictures at the Auditorium
are The Goddess" the serial story
featuring Earl Williams and Anita
stewart; Love. snow and Ice" n
three part Nitagraph comedy with
Wally Van. Mira Frazer and Albert
Roccardi, and the Selig weekly OF cur
rent events, showing many interesting
subjects.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-07-01
BIRTHDAYS TODAY.
South Bend

Anderson. Leroy. 2015 Miami st.
BalOck. Alex. 1919 :. Kendall ST
DeGraff. Gladys. 921 r Cedar st.
EIdridge. Stewart, I02 w. COlfax.
Frepan, Dorothy. 534 Allen st.
Kenna. Wilma, 21O2 Washington.
Leblanc, Lawrence, 226 y. ST. Fran
is st.
MenasIon. Osker. EOS Monroe St
Shulman. Jenny, 734 II w. JEFF
erson blvd.
Olsen, Olaf. SIC s. Pine st.
Robowski, Steven. 1901 :. Scott ST.
SzotzOwski, TOney. Gal Johnson ST.
Slayton. Pearl, 1925 ottawa st.
Zlotolow. Minnie, 412 w. Monroe st.
MiShawaka.
Falton. Bertha. 123 IL s Main St
Herzog. Erston. S26 +. Third ST
Hutchinson. Clarence. S19 :. Battell.
Palmer, Helen. S14 :. Main St
Peters, Arthur, 1881 +. Third st.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-07-01
Outdoor Sleeping

is conducive to strength. vitality and
perfect health. Do you need fresh
air? Buy Ries Couch Hammock.
They have comfortable springs and
mattress and you can stretch out at
full length and enjoy complete relax
alton. Can be suspended from chains
and hook on your porch or placed
anywhere hung in one of our steel
frames. Frames $3.50. Hammocks.
$3.50 up.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-07-01
BERTRAND WILL HAVE
SAFE AND SANE DAY
Social Center Club Arranges Plans for
Celebration Next
Monday.

a sane fourth of July celebration
program consisting oe addresses by
prominent speakers. will be given un-
der the auspices of the Bertrand So
cial Center club. Monday, on the
rounds north OF the Bertrand bridge.
The event is the second annual cele-
bration of the center.
Flags will be placed on the grounds
and on the school house and those at
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-07-01
LUCKY ONES TODAY.

Nilmar. Anton. l119 5. Franklin.
Nell Mabel $50 1-2 s Michigan st.
Notthes. Ruth. 1912 : Main st.
"a ttriCia. Dominick. III w. Tut st.
McNary. John. 221S :. Main ST.
AiiShawaka.
Walker. Donnabelle. 419 w Grove.
Walker, Bertha. 419 w. Grove st.
Epson, Otis. 1910 y. Main ST
Swarts, Eugene. 5oS w. Lawrence.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
.BRYAN'S FRIEND QUITS
Robert +. Rose Gives Up Post in State
Department.

Washington, Aug. Robert F:
Rose of Montana today resigned as one
of the foreign trade advisers in the
state department. MIR. Rose was ap-
pointed by Secretary Bryan and is his
close personal friend. In presenting
his resignation, Mr.. Rose said it had
no connection with Secretary Bryan's
resignation and issued the following
statement:
L am concerned that no misunder-
standing shall exist in the matter of
my resignation. AS stated in my letter
to the secretary of state, L have been
endeaVoring for months to leave the
department and had Mr.. Bryan re-
manned secretary of state, the letter
would have been written. / desire to
return to my profession.
My relations with Mr.. Bryan have
nothing to do with my action. He
does not know of it, and I have not
heard from him since he left Wash
ingtOn in Iunen
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
Get CRAZY NEGRO
MAY Be ASSailant of Mrs. Stat
ford of Liberty, Mo.
Kansas City, Kan., Police Hold
Negro for Identification.

Kansas City, Kan, Aug. Rain
today ended the search for the negro
who, Thursday, attacked Mrs. Henry
Stafford, wife of young farmer near
Liberty, Mo. A posse numbering at
one time 500 men, surrounded the
southwestern corner of Clay county
two hours after Mrs. Stafford was dis
coveredl tied to a bed in her home
and the entire territory inside the
posses lines was combed several times
without avail. Although the blood
hounds lost the trail of the negro late
yesterday the searchers did not de-
spair of his capture until rain drove
them in today.
A crazed negro, answering in some
details the description of Mrs. Staf-
ford's assailant was arrested late last
night in Kansas City, Kansas. 1t is
not believed today, however, he had
sanY%eonnectiou with the Clay county
case.
Answering a call that crazy mar
was threatening people the police,
found in negro home, a man whom,
two years ago, they had taken to the
Osawatomie insane asylum. He is
about 35 years old, of large frame,
giving the impression at first glance
of the 200 pound man described. He
is dressed in overalls and the striped
shirt he wears has one sleeve torn
out, differing slightly from the de-
scription of the torn jumper. He
wore a soft hat instead of a cap as
noted.
Police officials say when taken to
the asylum by them he was extremely
tractable. Now he pounds the bars of
his cell, bowling like a dog. His feet
are in lacerated condition indicating
hard travel. Whether the baying of
the bloodhounds, put on the fugitive S
trail, has anything to do with his
actions a question. AS the trail the
dogs followed led close to Kansas City
it is not improbable their search was
eluded and a crossing made in boat
to the Kansas side.
Sheriff White of Clay county was
notified of the mans detention and
will attempt to identify him later this
morning
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
FOR AUTO RECORD
Four Speed Kings Race on Chi
cagO Speedway Today.
Fastest Time Ever Made in
Car Is Expected.

Chicago. Ill, Aug. with all of
the drivers predicting that a new auto
mobile race record of 100 miles will
be made, Dario Resta, Earl Cooper,
Bob Burman and Barney Oldfield,
were prepared to meet in a match
race on the two mile course of the
speedway park here this afternoon.
The drivers have been practicing at
the track for the race all week and all
except Oldfield have their cars primed
for record breaking speed. The latter
says he has not had time to tune his
car properly.
A hitch in the arrangements arose
when Cooper protested against Bur-
mans driving a car with a piston dis
placement of more than 300 cubic
inches. The Speedway park associa-
ton viii at rnpt to aG Just this sftua-
tioT6 before -s1le starI-of the contest,
which is scheduled to take place at
o'clock.
1t is claimed that all of the en-
trants have shown a speed of more
than 104 miles an hour in practice
and the fact that there will be few
cars on the track 20 delay them is
pointed out as proof that the record
of 99:05 miles an hour made here in
the Automobile Derby will be beaten
The drivers will race for a purse of
$4,000 and will be sent away to a fly
ing start.
The protest against Burman was
waived and it was announced that the
latter would start. Oldfield, owing to
carburetor trouble, did not consider
himself real contender.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07

Sebastian yesterday and did not know
any confederates were with him. The
posse was led by State Adjt. Gen.
Henry Hutchings, Sheriff w. T. Vann
of Cameron county, and Ranger Capt.
Henry Ransom. 1t totaled twenty
mounted men.
About 1890 o'clock in the evening
the pcsse galloped up to the suspected
house, encircIll.S it and most of them
left their ho1 ses near the back porch.
MeXicans Open Fire.
Two MeXicans on this porch opened
fire. The possemen replied with rifles.
\ third Mexican, seen trying to run
from the house, was shot down. Rang
er Joe Anders was slightly wounded
in the eye.
Since Iasl night officers have arrested
twenty Mexicans, all residents of the
American side of the border, on SuS-
Eicion that they are members of the
gangs OF bandits which have been kill
ing, robbing and burning in this sec
ton for three weeks.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07

bridge heads at Warsaw over the Vis-
tula river, the most formidable mill
tary obstacle in eastern Europe, Ger
many and Austria-Hungary, having
conquered the river line and with it
invaded Russian territory for an aver
age depth of 100 miles along a front
from the Baltic to Bukowina. are now
throwing their forces forward in an
endeavor to accomplish what Russia S
allies have so feared-the complete
development of the Russia armies.
The British press, basing its opin-
ions on Pstrograd dispatches and the
lack of reports to the contrary from
either Berlin or Vienna, is inclined
to the view that the forces of Grand
Duke Nicholas. retired from Warsaw
virtually intact, but there is an in
creasing disposition not to minimize
the seriousness of the situation as it
still exists. and the anxiety of the
quadruple powers seems to be mani
tested in renewed pressure to brin g
the Balkan states in line on the side
of the entente powers.
Sweden Grows Restless.
Quiescent Sweden is now restless
and even so conservative a newspa per
as the London Morning Post finds
IContiI,ued on Page Two.l
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
MINT BEDS AT STAKE.
Liquor Is Chief Issue in Primary Bat.
tie in Kentucky.

Louisville, Aug. democrats, Re-
publiCans and Progressives of Ken
lucky battled today in a primary for
nomination of all state officers, except
one-half of the state senate. Most in
terest centered upon the fight for the
Democratic gubernatorial nomina-
tion for which three aspirants had
waged warm contest, with the liquor
question the issue.
dates for the various offices were un-
opposed, except in a few instances
Three candidates seek the Democrat
gubernatorial nomination-Lieu
Governor Edward J. McDermott of
Louisville, former Congressman A. O..
Stanley of Henderson, and H. V. Nc
CheSney of Frankfort
The Republican candidates are E.
P. Morrow OF Somerset and Latt F.
Mclaughlin Of Madisonville while
Fred j. Drexel of Louisville is unop-
posed for the Progressive nomination.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
is SWEDEN PLANNING TO
join TEUTONIC ALLIES?

London. Aug. THE Morning
Pest declares tire attitude of Swe-
den toward Russia and the latter'S
allies for some time past has re-
Neaied elements of disquieting
character.
"IImboldened by recent German
successes" the newspaper says,
The latent hostility of sweden,
which has never forgiven the loss
of injanG las become strongly
developed. considerable prepara-
ton fer wariike contingencies have
been made III North Sweden and
the Swedish 5Emy IL fully .n"bil-
lied. Ii Sweden persists in her
unfrienHly attitude toward Russia.
she may RAPIDLY drift into a war
which would inevitably be a yr..af
obstacle to her future progress"
The Times. i'm a long analysis of
the swedish situation. says the war
party has lost its Importance and
the people generally accept neu-
trality as tlIe Wisest course.
London, Aug. 7--(2:22 ID. mO-
"SWeden'S decision to remain mem
trail IS as firm as ever" was the re-
ply today of the Swedish minis
ter in London. Count WrangeI. to
rumors published in the London
newspapers this morning of the
possible participation of the Scam
dinavian kingdom i'm the war
There is no foundation for the
rumOrS," the minister said.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
SHOWERS ARE GENERAL
Last Night One of the Warmest of the
Season.

There was a trace of rain at To-
peka following one of the warmest
nights of the season. The minimum
temperature, which occurred at
o'clock this morning, was II degrees,
or 8 degrees above normal for this
season. Showers have been general
in the last "a hours in central and
western Kansas
The stage of the Kaw river at To-
peka today was 17.3 feet, a "a hour
rise of half a foot. All the Kaw tr. bu-
taries were falling today, and Grad-
uaI drop is expected here
All Kansas was cloudy at o'clock
this morning. Rain was falling at
Wichita.
The forecast calls for cloudiness to-
night and Sunday with probably an
unsettled condition tonight.
The wind was twelve miles an hour
from the southwest this afternoon.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07

est slaughter ever witnessed by man
will be seen. And the kaiser will
meet his Waterloo.
This is the opinion most frequently
expressed by all the officers, from
generals down, with whom L talked on
a tour of the battle front on the ami
versary of the first year of the war.
mans won't try, knowing it would be
playing into the allies hand. For
Germany, they said, it would be the
beginning of the end
Pre-DoOmed to Failure.
such a drive would be pre-
doomed to failure" one officer said.
IContinued on Page Twol
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
RUSH OUTLAWS TRIALS
Fate of johnson of Starr Gang, to
Jury by Night.

Chandler. Ok, Aug THE case of
Charles Johnson, on trial here charg-
ed with being a member of the Henry
Starr gang in it's raid on two Stroud.
Okla, banks last March was expected
to be given to the jury before tonight.
Attorneys for Johnson, whose trial
was called late yesterday upon con-
Viction of Claude Sawyer on a SINH
lar charge, today continued their ef-
forts to esta blish an alibi for the de-
fendant.
Efforts to hurry the Starr gang
trials to completion resulted last night
in session of the court.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
RACER IS KILLED!
Joe Cooper Hurled to Death al
DeS MOineS.
Car Jumped New Speedway
Track on 2Sth Lap.

Des Moines, Ia, Aug. Joe Coop
er was killed in the automobile speed
way race mere this afternoon when
his car jumped the track in front of
the grandstand on the twenty eighth
lap. Cooper was driving a Sebring-
Cooper blew tire just as he was
nearing the grandstand and the car
went straight up over the outer edge
of the track 20 feet and landed on
the outside with Cooper under the
wreckage. Lewis Piel, his mechani-
clan, was badly injured.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
Bid for Recognition.
S1OS.OOO Fishing Trip.

st. Paul, Mimi. Aug. AFTER due
reportoriaI eXertiOn, newspapers here
were enabled today to make the asser
tiOn that a recent fishing trip of J. J.
Hill, empire builder, and principal
owner of the Northern Pacific, Great
Northern, Burlington, few other
railroads and several steamship lines,
cost S1OS,000. The newspapers, how
ever. figured the annual expense of
keeping up launch for the sole pur-
pose of making the annual trip to
Labrador.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
INHABITANTS OF WARSAW
GLADLY WELCOME TEUTONS

Berlin, Aug. 1.-The corre-
spondent in Warsaw of two Ber-
lin newspapers telegraphs the in
habitantS of the Polish capital
filled the streets and welcomed the
incoming German soldiers with
every sign of enthusiasm and re-
joicing-
Very little damage has been
done to the city proper, according
to these Warsaw dispatches.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
Found $4,000 in Mud.

New y ork, Aug. 7.-Old Diogenes.
on hurt through Wall Street, today,
pinned q medal on Louis Wills. seven
teen, a Sc a week bank messenger,
who found s54, ,00O worth of negotiable
shares of New York Central stock ly-
ing in the n I'D in a Wall Street gut
ter and promptly returned the fortune
to the owners, Duval. Greer and Com
pany.
Wills was given = SIS reward.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
PLUNGER sunk IN duel
Italian Submarine Sent Down by Ger
man Undersea Boat.

Paris, Aug. THE Italian sub
marine Nereide is reported to have
been sunk in an encounter with an
Austrian submarine off the island of
Pelagosa, in the Adriatic sea, accord
ing to a special dispatch from Rome
The Nereide, which was built in
1913, was 134 feet long with a beam
of fourteen feet and displacement Of
315 tons gross. Her peace time COM
plement was seventeen men.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
C0RIzIA NEAR FALL
Italians Take Summit of Monte
San Michaele.
Turin Dispatch Tells of Notable
Roman Victory.

Paris, Aug. AFTER a desperate
battle the Italians stormed and cap
tured the summit of Monte San Mi
chaele, which dominates Gorizia says
Petit Journal dispatch from Turin.
The fall of Gorilla, twenty-five miles
northwest of Triest, on the Isonzo,
now is believed imminent, the dispatch
adds,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
GERMAN TROOPS MUTINY
AT BELGIAN GARRISONS

Havre, Aug. 7.-Serious mutinies
have broken out i'm the German
garrisons at Liege, Client and
Bruges, according to advices re-
ceived here today. Troops who
were ordered to the Ypres front
refused to march. A number of
their ringIeaders are reported to
have been shot.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
SAY WILHELM
is DRIVING TO
HIS WATERLOO
French Army Officers Hope for
Western Onslaught.
Predict Greatest Slaughter in
Worlds History.
ATTACK DOOMED To FAILURE
Taking of Calais or Paris De-
clared Impossible.
William Phillip Simms Tells of
Defense Plans.
ATTACK DOOMED To FAILURE
Taking of Calais or Paris De-
clared Impossible.
william Phillip Simms Tells of
Defense Plans.

BY WILLIAM PHILLIP SIMMS.
Copyright, 1915. by The United Press.
With the French Army at the
Front, Aug. 6.-(Via Paris, Aug. ID
If the Germans make good their
threat to attempt TO smash through
the allied lines to the channel, or to
Paris after taking Warsaw, the great
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
new PORTUGAL RULER
Senior Machado Declared Popular
With All Glasses.

Lisbon, Aug. (Via Paris, Aug. 7.).-
Bernardino Machado was elected by
congress today president of the re-
public of Portugal.
Senior Machado, who was sup
ported by the two principal parties,
was elected on the third ballot by
majority of 134 of the 379 members
present.
The new president is popular with
all classes in PORTUGAL
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
KAISER'S GREAT
ARMY TRIES TO
ENCIRCLE SLAVS
Forces Drive On in Gigantic
EnvelOpment Movement.
NOvO GeOrgievsk Holds, but
Garrison Is at Bay.
RUSSIA PIERCED 100 MILES
Four Iron Jaws Chew Way
Into MuscOvy.
Sweden Grows Restless; Bal
kan Attitude in Doubt.
RUSSIA PIERCED 100 MILES
Four Iron Jaws Chew Way
Into MuscOvy.
Sweden Grows Restless: Bal
kan Attitude in Doubt.

Berlin, Aug. 7.-(via London
p. m.)-Fort Dembe, comprising
part of the Warsaw Qualifications
on the right bank of the Vistula,
has been captured by German
troops, according to an official
statement given out today by the
German army headquarters staff.
London. Aug. Holding the
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
NOT AN --GREECE
Athens Flatly Refuses to Cede Terri
tory to Burgaria.

London, Aug. 7.-''Greece will not
cede one inch of territory to Bulgaria, T"
was the substance of a reply made by
Premier Gounaris to a delegation of
Macedonian deputies, who asked a
statement relative to the purpose of
the government says Reuter- dis
patch from Athens.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
After Dozen Bandits

The posse heard That the gang of a
dozen bandits which raided Sebns-
tian yesterday and killed two Ameri-
cans, had separated, most of them go
ing to their homes in this section, and
on the Anne rican side of the border
They were after one Mexican who had
been recognized among the raiders of
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
First Chief Would Meet Foes in
Peace COnfab.
Makes Bid for Recognition by
United States.
VILLA To BE RECK0NED WITH
Washington Does Not Under
rate Northern Leader.
First Announcement of Will
sons Program Below Border.
NO FACTION Is TRIUMPHANT
President Must Represent Orig
inaI Cause of Revolt.
SO-CaIIed CientificOeS Do Not
Enter Problem.
First Announcement of Will
sons Program Below Border.
NO FACTION is TRIUMPHANT
President Must Represent Orig
inaI Cause of Revolt.
SO-CaIIed CientificOeS Do Not
Enter Problem.

Washington, Aug. THE Mexican
situation moved forward today with
two important developments.
General Carranza signified his will
ingness to meet his adversaries in a
peace conference and an authoritative
announcement was made of the views
with which the United States is ap-
preaching the problem in the Pan
American conference. The position OF
the United States was officially stated
as follows:
That neither CarranZa nor any
other military faction in Mexico
is in control of the country or can
be considered as triumphant in
the republic.
That the real purpose of the
revolution was accomplished n
wear ago, when Huerta was over
thrown. and that the strife which
has continued since has been over
factionaI differences and has not
been in reality a revolution.
That it considers General Villa.
while financially weakened, still
is an active element in Mexican
affairs who must be reckoned
with i'll an adjustment
That fBs Ss,-,sliiL- siesstificoes
do not enuOi into tBe problem
now because ii is considered that
the overthrow of Huerta disposed
of that element.
That the sO-calIed cientificoes
That the greater portion of
Mexico is not at peace, as General
Carranza claims, because fight
ing continues in many sections,
from Tehuantepec to the Rio
GFande. and from Vera Cruz to
MazataIan.
That the first problem to be
solved in restoration of peace Is to
find for provisional president,
man who represents the cause of
the original revolution against
Huerta. but who does not ncceS-
sariIy represent any of the fac
tionS now at war.
This outline is the first authorita-
tive statement of the basis upOr
which the United States is proceed
ing.
1t was made clear today that The
United States. while willing to enter
tain claims of the rival leaders, sucI
as presented in the brief filed on be
half of Gene raj Carranza, does not ac
cept the decla rations of any of the
military leaders that they are so domi
nant as to insure peace in Mexico
should they be recognized.
Bid for Recognition.
On behalf of General Carranza
a formal brief on the Mexican
situation was filed with Sec
retary Lansing today, PRACTICAL!
asking for political recognition anC
proposing Carranza Washington agent
meet General Villa or any of the
other factions in peace conference
CONTINUED on Page 81
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
mutt AND JEFF" i"
Well Known Daily Comic in State
journal Next Tuesday.

Bud Fisher will again draw his
famous comic, Mutt e. Jeff" be-
ginning next Tuesday and his service
will appear in the State Journal as
usual. Don't miss this daily laugh.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
3 BANDITS KILLED
Sebastian Raiders Give Battle
to u. S. Posse.
Mexicans Surprised by Night;
One American Wounded.
BEAT BRUSH FOR OUTLAWS
Officials Arrest Twenty Suspects
Near Border.
Vigorous Measures Taken to
End Reign of Terror.

Brownsville, Tex, Aug. 7.-Fighting
three against twenty, three Mexican
bandits were killed by a posse last
night at a farm house about thirty
miles north of here. One posseman
was slightly wounded. The fight
lasted not more than ten seconds.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
Tornado and Cloudburst.

Erie, Pa, Aug. 7.-Harbor creek,
eight miles east of Erie, was hit by a
tornado and cloudburst early today
and an appeal for help was sent here.
So far as known there were no ia
talities
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
or Kansas.
Weather Forecast

Weather Forecast for Kansas
Cloudy tonight and Sunday; prob
ably unsettled tonight; not much
change in temperature.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-08-07
BASEBALL TODAY.
WESTERN LEAGUE.

At Des Moines-Score r H e
Ltnccln
DeS MONIES III d
Batteries: Hoffman, Naverson and
Ya1iiz; Musser and Graham.