davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-12-05

demonstrates that democracy is a ques-
ton of general interest to all of our
people without any distinction what
ever. and that before the forum of all
America all our countries are equally
concerned in the general welfare.
THE meeting together in a council of
that sort indicated the recognition of
the fact that all of these countries have
developed themselves enough to be in
Vited by such power as the United
States to come in consultation in order
to see that one of our countries that
has suffered through anarchy in its own
state should find the means to restore
peace and freedom. This is practical
idealism. much more practical, econom-
ically considered. than a policy of ag-
gression and force.
I'm view of the unselfish attitude of
the United States as here exhibited. It
is peculiarly unfortunate that the Wis
ion of creating a dominating group in
the Americas should come at this time
when the United States has succeeded
in convincing her fellow republics that
she has no desire to dominate.
Earlier policies of this country, a
misreading of the Monroe doctrine, the
the creation of the new republic of
Panama for many years gave South
and Central American republics good
cause to question the intention of this
country toward them.
When that able statesman, Elihu
Root, as Secretary of State. enunciated
the real platform of pan-Americanism
and said: We wish for no victories but
those of peace; for no territory except
our own. We do not wish to pull down
others and profit by their ruin, but to
help all friends to a common prosperity
and common growth that we all may
become greater and stronger together
he did much to drive away old sus-
picions.
And then. when President Wilson. in
his remarkable Mobile speech, declared
that the United States will never again
seek one additional foot OF territory by
conquest; she will devote herself to
showing that she knows how to make
honorable and fruitful use of the ter
ritory she has, and she must regard II
as one of the duties of friendship to
see that from no quarter are material
interests made superior to human lib
erty and national opportunity he si-
fenced our Latin American jingoes and
gave us all a feeling Of security.
And now, with all this accomplished,
comes this dream of a new alliance,
the power of which, II it became a
reality, might well give ground for
fear and suspicious throughout Latin
America.
II can readily see how 1t is that the
A. B. C. idea has obtained a false
popularity in this country. II rises from
the widely promulgated but errone-
GUS notion that. under the Monroe
doctrine, a responsibility rests upon
the United States to police the smaller
and weaker republics In their domes-
tic affairs The idea that three other
American republics are now in a posi-
tion to share some Of that responsible
ity is attractive.
But in the declaration of President
Monroe there 10 not word nor a line
in justification OF the theory that the
United States Is the sheriff of the
western world. In sense the Monroe
doctrine is doctrine OF exclusion and
self-preservation on the part Of the
United States. 1t says to the nations
Evening star., 1915-12-05

many, Great Britain, France Belgium
and Italy maintain consuls in every
large town in this district, about dog
en- in all. Elsewhere In South America
our consular service cannot meet the
situation because of it's scanty member
ship.
The new commercial attaches, created
by Congress little more than a year
ago. are making place for themselves
in our official trade machine in South
America. At first there was some jeal-
ousy shown toward them on the part of
the consular representatives and some
tendency to refuse to them the social
standing accorded to our military and
naval attaches. But all of these diff
culties have been smoothed out and the
work already done by these experts
tablishing their Offices. The CONNER
cial attaches are gradually usurpinE
much of the work of Investigation for
merly done by the consuls. In addi-
tion they look out after individual op-
portunities for extending business
President Wilson's administration has
shown good judgment in keeping the
chief South American diplomatic posts
out of the political spoils. In the case
of all three of the embassies-Brazil
Argentina and Chile-the men who had
held these posts In the preceding ad-
ministration were all retained. This
fact has been exceedingly gratifying
to American business men in all three
countries. Ambassador Henry p
Fletcher at Santiago, Chile, and Am
bassador Edwin " Morgan at Rio de
Janefro, Brazil, are both men Of long
experience in our diplomatic service
They perhaps correspond more nearly
a Prtf 0h nd
lomats than any other two men in our
foreign service.
Mr.. Fletcher is easily the most popu-
lar and influential foreign diplomat in
Chile. Mr.. Morgan occupies a similar
position in Brazil. Former Ambassador
John w. Jarrett at Buenos Aires re-
signed his post. although President
Wilson urged him to retain it, His
place was taken by Frederick J. Stim-
son of Boston. in whom President Will
son has evidently found man adapted
to the service.
The American Congress seems still to
lack the pan-American sense possessed
by the countries of South America. By
pan-American sense is meant that feel
ing of mutual self-interest that has
been particularly stimulated by the
isolation given to this hemisphere since
Europe went to war. The recent at
conclude an A. B. C. entente was in
dicative of the new pan-American feel
Ing. The situation now Is ripe for over
lures from this government looking to
the perpetual preservation of the
American peace.
X X
But our Congress as yet does not
seem to share this feeling. An illustra-
ton of this Is the recently published
statement that Argentina has appro-
priated $4,000 to send its delegation
to the coming pan-American scientific
congress. The American government,
which is to be the host, will spend only
Evening star., 1915-12-05

Admitting, then. the fact that all
are not SO fit as the best to govern
themselves, let us consider the remedy
for that condition. In my judgment 1t
is not to be accomplished by force.
The democratic ideal Is not to be in
stilled into a people by shooting 1t into
them. Civilizing with a Krag has
never accomplished any material ad-
vance in civilization. Invasion-or in
tervention, it is all the same-by an
exterior force cannot in the nature of
things accomplish the desired result.
ITO take a concrete case. Can the
100000 Indian residents of Mexico,
ignorant and unlettered, possibly pos
sessing no adequate sense of right and
wrong be taught the principles of
self-government at the point of the
bayonet? Will they be advanced in
civilization by sending an invading or
intervening army among them to sub
due them?
mo The help that they need to lead
them upward and forward to democra-
cy and self-government cannot be
given with bullets. No army of in
vasion Is to teach them the lessons
which they need to learn to ht them
for the task of governing themselves
But this country can give real and
practical help to them. Let the United
States, by public or private enterprise.
mobilize. say, 10000 well equipped
school teachers and send them into
Mexico to teach the now ignorant ma
tives. These 10000 American teachers
Evening star., 1915-12-05
Germany Sees South American Trade OppC


Upon Bolivian and Peruvian Mket-The American Manufacturer Exporter,
AdpabIy According Observations CondionHow
Can Help This Trade Properly With
in Diplomatic Scope-Uncle Sans Parimony.
Evening star., 1915-12-05

nations responsibility for the conduct
of neighbor passed The pan -Ameri-
can principle of cooperation, of unity
of interests. of community of purpose
among all the republics, was estab-
lished on a firm basis. And yet, in de-
fiance of that principle. comes this
fancy to erect dominant group of ma
tions in the Americas.
But, you may ask, are all the Latin
American republics fit to govern them
selves; are not their domestic disturb
ances and instructions a menace to
the peace of the world and an injury to
tions? Ought not the more stable and
the more advanced summarily put a
stop to their lawless behavior?
"It is true that not all have yet
learned how to govern themselves; it
is true that not all of these countries
in their populations have developed the
true democratic ideal to it's fullest; 1t
is true that in some of them revolutions
and instructions are not uncommon;
but you must bear in mind that the
Latin American countries are not SO old
in the practice of self-government, not
SO educated in the ideas of democracy
as this North American republic.
THE early European settlers of this
country came bearing the democratic
ideal with them. They came to obtain
freedom from monarchs and autocrats,
dreds of years that have followed they
and those who came after them have
been struggling upward to this ideal.
But the early European settlers of
Latin America came frankly for con-
quest and treasure and exploitation.
Generations passed under their rule,
which was the rule of autocracy. The
common people, instead of being ele-
waited, were ground beneath the heels
of their masters and reduced to a con-
dition of servility. Is 1t marvellous,
then, that under these conditions they
have been slower than your North
Americans in winning to true democ-
racy?
Evening star., 1915-12-05

IGNACO CALDERON Minister From Bolivia Theory Dom
Nations the South Undemcrahc
Political Ideas
the Old WondEducaton
the eNeedf the SnaleL America
Evening star., 1915-12-05


X +
Tho solution Of the problem Of
adaptability for the American expor-
ter is to send his own representatives
to live in South America. Usually 1t
takes an American some time to rid
himself of his provincialism. The sales
man who makes only short trip Is
apt to leave the country with his head
still full of plans for improving the
country by Americanizing it instead Of
ideas on the subject of adapting his
own business to the whims of the for
eign buyers. Young Americans are
needed badly by American trade in
South America. If they consent to live
abroad, experience has shown that in
time they become as cosmopolitan as
Germans or British.
Personal contact with the foreign
market is the most important element
in any firms trade campaign. The lack
of personal acquaintance with the
market is often costly to the exporter,
who falls readily into the hands of a
small army of middlemen. many of
them not of his own nationality, and
they are likely to bleed him with ex-
cessive commissions.
Foreign trade is nearly as much a
question of men az of goods. Thus far
we have made very little public effort
to train young Americans for foreign
trade or to implant in them the for
eign trade ideal. The Importance of
foreign trade as factor in prosperity
has been very little emphasized. AS
result, manufacturers entering a new
field of activity are experiencing great
difficulty in finding men for the work.
The New York bank which has estab-
lished branches in several South Ameri-
can cities has called attention to this
difficulty.
The young men of Europe seem to be
glad of the opportunity to be sent
abroad, but it is an American trait
in a nd
1t would be fiattering to think that
this characteristic is due to more in
tense patriotism in America than in
any other nation. but the actual reason
is probably a more sordfd one.
The young man of Europe usually
finds better opportunity for himself in
foreign land than at home, while the
American has opportunities at home
equal to any he can find in the newer
lands of the earth. Consequently 1t is
difficult to persuade him to sever his
connections with the land of his birth
when he sees no great reward for such
a sacrifice.
Not only should the American manu-
facturer attack the South American
trade problem scientifically. but the
government, too, can do its share in
extending business abroad. The gov
ernment officials see our needs clearly
enough, but they must appeal to Con-
gress for appropriations, and here
great Intelligence is not always shown.
For instance, it is of great Importance,
and especially now, when the United
States is occupying the attention of
the South American countries, that our
embassies and legations be housed in
buildings worthy of the prestige of
this nation.
But no suggestion that this govern
ment should own It's own buildings in
Evening star., 1915-12-05
BY ROBERT F. WILSON.

1.-THE greatest weakness OF the
American manufacturer when
III he becomes an exporter is his
2. lack of adaptability. The
American business man at home is apt
to be provincial in his attitude toward
foreign trade.
In the past this attribute has been
one of the chief hindrances to Ameri-
can trade growth. On the other hand
German adapta ability-that willingness
to manufacture exactly what a local
foreign demand calls for without any
attempt to impose the manufa cturer's
own ideas upon his foreign clientele
is one of the great secrets of German
foreign trade success in the past two
decades.
An instance of this is seen in the
virtual monopoly which German
wooden manufacturers now have of the
sale of caps and blankets to the In
dian population of the Andes. A few
years ago no one but a German trade
explorer would have dreamed of the
possibility of selling clothing to these
Indians. They are wretchedly poor.
Moreover, they have persistently re-
fused to adopt European clothing. A
few years ago all of the caps and
blankets, or ponchos, were of home
Evening star., 1915-12-05

Education is the means to solve the
problems of the Latin American coun-
tries. and if the people of the United
States would help those countries in a
practical and fraternal way they can
give that help in promoting education
in those countries.
Capacity for self government said
Secretary Root, speaking in Rio de
Janeiro at the third pan-American con-
ference, does not come to man by ma
ture. 1t is an art to be learned, and it
is also an expression Of character to be
developed among all the thousands of
men who exercise popular sovereignty.
in view of the long record of auto
cratic rule in Latin American countries
and the relatively short time they have
been under democratic rule, the prog
ress that they have made is truly sur
prising. Democracy, as I have said. in
this country is traditional and historic.
going back to the early settlement Of
the country, while in the Latin Amer-
can countries it Is of recent birth, as
history measures time. 1t is not sur
prising that there has been a measure
of domestic discord in some of those
countries, the natural result of adjust
ing themselves to the new conditions
and the new ideals.
But it is fact that the tales of un-
settled conditions have been greatly
magnified. Save for Mexico, existing
disturbances in the few countries that
are at all disturbed are minute in
character. Run back over the record
of the last half century and you will
find that all America has been freer
from war and revolution than all Eu-
rope. Peace in our American countries
is far more nearly the normal condition
than it is in Europe. Is not that a
tribute to democracy?
still we have among us those who
would impose upon US European ideas
of the maintenance of the political
equilibrium and the creation of an al
lance among the self-styled dominant
nations. Still we have among us those
who think that only by force of arms
can permanent domestic tranquility be
obtained in all of the American coun-
tries. Suspicion, hatred, war and con-
quest lie in that direction. Let us re-
ject ali such ideas and remain true to
the democratic ideal on this hemi-
sphere. the ideal of fraternal regard
and international helpfulness."
X
Education and democracy, it will be
observed from the foregoing. occupy a
large place in the thoughts of this ex-
perfenced diplomatist. And that is not
strange when one considers his career
and his long residence. both as a di-
plomatist and as a private citizen, in
this country.
Born at La PaZ, the capital of Bolivia.
years ago, he was grad
uated from the national university
there at nineteen and at once became
a teacher Of history in that institution.
From 1868 to 1870 he was secretary of
the Bolivian legation at Rome during
those colorful days when the new and
united Italy was coming into being
as great nation. Then he returned to
the home land to become supervisor of
public instruction of Bolivia. Diplo-
macy and education thus filled the
years of his early manhood.
Diplomacy again called and he was
the Bolivian legation. which post he
resigned to come to the United States
in 1876 to study democratic institu-
tions over a period of years. His Arst
wife was an American girl. Virgintan.
Evening star., 1915-12-05

would accomplish far more for Mexico,
for civilization and for humanity than
ten times their number of armed
troops.
Schools are the great need of Mex
leo and those other countries that have
not yet attained to real stability of re-
publican government. I was both graf
flied and surprised the other day when
I learned that during all those many
months of disturbance in Mexico Car
rama has had $50 Mexican educators in
this country studying American educa-
that he Is a man of large vision, who
sees and knows the real need of the
Mexican people.
Evening star., 1915-12-05

stifY prices come from German pot
teries and Woodworking establish
ments
Evening star., 1915-12-05

? ISCHIEvoUS." That is
the word used by Senior
| Don Ignacio Calderon, the
Evening star., 1915-12-05

But in the declaration of President
Monroe there is not word nor a line
in justification of the theory that the
United States Is the sheriff of the
western world. In a sense the Monroe
doctrine is a doctrine of exclusion and
self-preservation on the part of the
United States. 1t says to the nations
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-05-23
PORII AND SOCIETY.

Portland, May ,22.-One of the most enjoyable events of the season was a iscellaneous shower given by Mrs Shirley l.. Adams Wednesday after noon in honor of Miss Lillie Curtis. the bride to be. Little Misses Lottia Bam, Marion Pugh and Edith Vaughn received the guests in the reception hall which was beautifully decorated in cut flowers and ferns, and usher cd them into the back parlor which was converted into a throne-room. The bride was seated upon white 1 throne surrounded by ferns from which she received tho congratula- tions, and Little iMable Trcm, neice 1 Of the bride, received the gifts in a basket and Master John l.. Adams 'i: cards
 The first feature of the afternoon was an "age" contest which afforded much pleasure, the bride carrying off the consolation prize, an artificial boquet of lilies of the, valley. Miss Jessie Ladd won the first prize, shower boquet of sweet peas. After this progressive hearts was played, Mrs. Fritz T. Haas won first prize, pink silk canrisole and Miss Pearl Elan the consolation prize, a gigantic stick of candy.
 Punch was served throughout the afternoon and after the refreshments Of pink and white ice cream and angle food cake was served, the gifts were opened by the bride and she found to her delight many of the most beautiful and useful articles.
 After the guests had admired the gifts, they departed wishing the bride many happy years, also assuring Mrs. Adams that she was very capable hostess.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-05-23
PSYCHOLOGICAL.
CAPT. DOWNS FUNERAL.
Many Friends Assemble S0rr0wfully r and Pay Tribute.

"HU ray lElDutts
 The funeral of Captain Madison Downs, veteran steamboat man, was held yesterday afternoon, from the residence of deceased, and was very largely attended, his citizens for forty years turning out to pay the last sad tributes of love and sorrow. Rev. H. A. Stowell of Trinity Episco- pal church conducted the ceremonies at the house, and the Masons con- ducted the funeral rites of their order at the cemetery.
 The active pallbearers, all of whom are members of the Masonic order were, H. G. Higinbotham, T. P. Stew art A. G. Bedell, IN Can't, Jr., pr. T. Littleton savin, C. H. Bolinger l.. P. Mullergren and V. O. Alex ander. The honorary pallbearers were Mayor Simon Bloom, Captain Sam F Hilzheim, Leo M. Andrews ;C. E. Philpot,, Jeff Hicks, Henry jlNarX, C. A. Leverenz, Bob Johnson |lN. R. Stewart. William Nichols and Morris Schwartz.
 Numerous beautiful floral offerings attested desire on the part o1 friends of the deceased to pay tribute to one they had learned to respect and love. Throughout yesterday tele- graph delivery boys visited the home conveying messages, expressing con dolences from friends in other cities
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-05-23
jnnportance of Work.

A negative life is a wicked life Someone has said sno angel ever ap- peared to man who was not at work" You cannot make man good by keeping him idle. q must be about my Fathers business" said Christ ia the temple. That is the gospel of ev- cry man who is loyal to his own soul, is the comment of the Ohio State Journal. There is no excuse for idle ness. Work, like virtue, religion, faith is from within The impulse toward the right is what keeps man at work and if he is not at work he lacks the impulse His religion is too weak to exert itself. A positive life is the only true life. Nor is mere altruism the only form of work. It is as much a mans duty to help himself as it is to help others, so that help is upbuilding, which is the very condition of ones being a benefit to others. A man who loves roses, sunsets, stars, creeks, trees, birds, is friend of humanity. Loving Gods beautiful world includes man, or it is a false love. Not to love these creations of goodness and grace denotes negative life that is positively wicked.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-05-23

Leslie Carter in "Heart of Mary land" "Wednesday and Thursday, Bes
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-05-23

New York, May 22.-Two suffragists invaded the Hotel Biltmore for the purpose of presenting a votes for Wo- men petition to President Wilson dur ing his recent visit here to review the Atlantic fleet. Eyading the army of secret service men and detectives ap- pointed to guard the president from all intruders, the women reached Secretary Humility.
 We must have an answer. Don't let him evade us again. they said.
 Ladies, you are jmpolte," said the presidents secretary. "I refuse to deliver your letter."
 every we'll said they, we will wait and give it to him Ourselves.'
 The indignant guard edged further and further back, crowding the sui
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-05-23
GET.TOGETHER MEETING. Official Beard of First Methodist Church to Discuss Conditions.

The members Of the official board of the First Methodist church, with their wives, will enjoy get-together meeting Tuesday night at o'clock in the chapel of the church.
 w. w. Taylor will open the affair by presenting the toastmaster, Dr. A. c. Jordan, and the following program will be carried out:
 "A Toast or a Roast" s. G. Sea- brook.
 "Plan Something and Work Your Plans" D. l. Mills.
 Music.
 "Our Officers,'' J. c. Chestnut.
 Our Young Men, R, G. Custer.
 "A Clean Sheet for 1916," A. w. Mills.
 "Our Future Church." J. R. San ders, Jr.
 "Reminiscences" R. H. M. Mills.
 "The Church a Force and Not a Field" Rev. E.. R. Steel.