The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-20

lively speaking that has come within the shot Of the ssubmarine torpedo gunner.
 The conclusion must be reached, therefore, that on the high seas the only advantage the costly dread =nought has over the pigmy, cheap submarine, as at present constructed lies in its ability to run away and to rule commerce far offshore on the high seas
 The principal means used in my rnine-evading submarine are the bot tom wheels and diving compartments, which were incorporated in my 1893 design, which also carried my pioneer features of lateral hydropaanes to get even keel subnergence; high, water tight superstructu ,walich is indis- persaIole for high-speed, oceasn-going submarines anchors. and lifting and lowering sighting instruments Ex- cepting the bottom wheels and diving compartment, most navies have now incorporated these features in their submarines Three navfes have adopt ed the bottom wheels. etc. These r1aine-evadine craft are able to enter the enenlyss own territory with i'm punfty and destroy his merchant ships and warships in their own flaTp DOTS. The Niger, was sunk at Deal by a German submarine. swl1ich is reported to have passed through a mine field. Tn 19OSaI ibuliIt the fProtector'' and fit ted it with the above features
 In 1903 former President Taft. then secretary cf war, appointed 2 board of officers, consisting of Major Inow Gen. eraD Arthur Murray, as president of the board; Capt Charles J. Bailey, and Capt. Charles F. Parker, who re- ported ..It will give the nearest ap- proach to absolute protection now known to the board The boat can lie for an Indefinite time adjacent to the point to be defended in either cruising, awash, or submerged condi- tion, by its anchors, or on the bottom ready for instant use, and practically Independent of the state of the water, and in teIephonic connection with the shore or can petrol Q. mined or un- mined channel, invisible to the enemy and able to discharge it's torpedoes at all tirr1es." and for the attack, the boat shows great superiority over any existing means of attacking mine fields known to the board. First it can be run by any field as at present in stalled, with but little danger from the xp1osion of any particular mine or from gun fire, during the feW sec onds it exposes the sighting hood for observatlon and can attack ait its pleaslare the vessels in the harbor. Second and third. the board person. ally witnessed the ease with which ca bles can be grappIed, raised and cut while the boat is maneuv ering on the bottom mine cables can be swept for. found, and out or a. diver can be sent out, for that purpose
 Congress, however. failed to provide for the purchase Of vessels of this type. although repeated recouimenda- tions were made by iths general staff to do so: consequently the Protector was sold to Russia, and is now at VIadfvostok.
 The necessity Of such features as
 
 ments is now being brought out in the present war. I believe the mining and scounter-rnining features must be in eorporated in one type before the sub
 marine reaches its full development. The dmpotency of the great combined English and French fleets of battle ships, crrisers, destroyers, and sabna- r11aes must be gallinE ito the people who have paid for EheEn by the sweat Of their broWs These fleets are irI1- |potetn because the Germans will not eoIne out from behind their mines and forts and wage an unequal battle against superior numbers. but prudent Iay are sending out their submarines to destroy gradually the enemy that is trying to blockade the German ports. 5 Winston Churchill, the First Lord Of 1.-the British Admiralty, expressed the Bitterness of this inlpotency wIaen he said, eH they don't come out and fight. we will go in after them and dig them out like ratss. however the German mines and submarines stand in the way, and are themselves taking their toll Of ships.
 The n1ine-evading submarine can en- ter with comparative saftey through l a. mine field like a shuttle passing IthrolTgh the wool of cloth during the Isveavhng process, and take the op- portunity to explain for the first time through the Scientific American my method of entering harbors. To com Iprehend thoroughly the safety with
 which this si accomplished, it is nec- iessaay to appreciate the almost fnsu- peralole difficulty of discovering an lobject like a submarine vessel when ionec sunk beneath the surface of the Iswater. There are many s1nFzen ships Icontaining valuable treasures and car igoes that lie along our coast, and in i most Of the harbors Of the world. that lhave been known to have sunk within Ia radius of less than 2 mile from some lgiven point, but which have never IIbeen located. Some of these vessels 1have been searched for for years and never been found. Dozens of vessels Ehave beeen sunk in the waters of the i15orth and East rivers and never lo- I 1cated Perhaps the most noted casa is Ithat of the Pacific Mail steamer fc fde Janeiro,'' which sank in the en- itrance of San Francisco Bay. rvitf ifreasl1re of a value of over $500, 600 This large vessel went down in a fos ioflly a short distance from land, H9F lsshe has never been found Some O Ithe British and French submarine. have been lost in localities well known Ibut it has been impossible to locat, Ithe1n Il During several years of experimenta
 work with submarines, Investigating
 bottom conditions, have tra1eIee Ihnany miles in the Chesapeake ane
 Sandy Hook bays, along the AtIanti Icoast and Long Island Sound, and lat fer in the Gulf of Finland and the Bal tic sea, and it is a fact that canno
 successfully be disputed technically by any one, that a submarine of hhi ltype recommended by the Unitet
 States Army Board may be taken int.
 any ha1fbor in the world entirely un
 seen and remain there. if necessary for a. month at a time. and destro,