davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19

rocky fields where cultivation is moi
desirable
Analyses and feeding tests show
that there is not the slightest dange5
Of poisoning animals which eat tho
hay. If the field needs cultivation
a combination of both spraying and
brush dragging from the standpoint Of
cultivation, however, is lost when fol,
lowed by irrigation.
Pasture With Hogs in Early Spring.
The only method which can be rec
commended at the present time foI
protection of the first alfalfa crop il
pasturing with hogs after the eggs Of
the weevil are laid in April or May
The field to be pastured is divide
into two or more equal lots, each pro
vided with water, shelter and facilI
ties for feeding. The hogs should have
rings in their noses if the ownei
wishes to preserve his stand Of alfalfa
The hogs are moved from one inclos'
ure to another as fast as they are able
to clean up the growth of alfalfa. a
small grain ration should supplement
the alfalfa for growing and fattening
pigs, but is not to be given the broo@
sows. Under these conditions the first
crop of alfalfa is secured with nc
labor cost, pork economically pro-
duced, and the weevil eggs and lar
vac are destroyed before they can do
for the growth of a second crop which
can be cut for hay.
The occurrence of weevils in farm
products which are being shipped by
freight and express, stored in ware
houses and sold in markets has been
exhaustively studied with a view to
learning how the spread of the insect
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19

The alfalfa weevil, introduced into
this country at a single spot near Salt
Lake City over ten years ago, mas
slowly spread throughout the north
ern half of Utah, including three OF
the most productive counties, and
taken a foothold in the adjacent parts
of Idaho and Wyoming. 1t destroys
about one-half of the annual yield, un-
less measures are taken to prevent 1t.
The weevils, after spending the win
ter in the fields about the roots OF the
plants. deposit large numbers of pale
yellow eggs in cavities made in the
stems with their beaks. The little
green worms" which hatch from
these during spring and early sum-
mer, cluster upon the fresh shoots OF
alfalfa plants and feed, becoming
most numerous about June 1. They
destroy much of the first crop, in1ure
the quality of what remains, and COM
pei early cutting to prevent total loss.
The actual damage to the first crop Is
not far from so per cent of its value.
Upon the cutting of the first crop the
larvae gather upon the bit OF food
which is afforded by the new shoots
and destroy them as fast as they ap-
pear. This condition lasts until the
normal harvest time of the second
crop. so that it is a total loss. The
damage to the first two crops usually
amounts to about one-half the annual
yield.
A valuable method for preventing
The injury to the second crop consists
in brush dragging the stubble after
removal of the first cutting. This was
devised by the Utah experiment sta
ton In cooperation with farmers. 1t
was improved later, however. in &C
tual practice by the adoption of
weighted spike-tooth harrow with sew
eral layers of woven wire stock fenc-
ing underneath, instead of the old
fashioned brush drag. This treatment
was widely adopted as means OF
crushing the insects, and also as a
means of exposing them to the rays
of the sun and to the choking action
of the dust The bureau of entomol-
ogy has proved that neither the me-
chanical crushing nor the direct rays
of the sun contribute much to the eff
fectiveness of the dust-mulch treat
ment. and that most of the insects in
all stages die long before they are
smothered by the dust. The essential
factor in killing the weevils is the
heat absorbed by the soil from the
suns rays.
To kill the weevil the surface Of
the field to be treated must be dry,
free from clods, cracks and vegeta-
ton. To get best results, however,
the sky must be clear and the weather
warm Under these conditions when
the soil reaches the necessary temper
ature of 100 degrees all stages of the
insect are killed in less than two min
utes. The second crop of alfalfa is
then free to grow. The effectiveness
OF this treatment, however, is directly
proportional to the thoroughness with
which the above conditions are COM
piled with If the soil is not in good
condition it must be cultivated before
dragging. The great objections to
this method of fighting the weevil is
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19
Memphis From the Levee.

for the reception Of their out-of-town
guests and entertained them in the
most approved fashion.
During every moment between the
business sessions of the convention
the merchants were the recipients OF
some form of entertainment and
amusement. Included in the plan Of
entertainment were boat rides and .ex-
cursions ION the river, seeing Mem
phis tour" on special train over the
belt railroad around the city, ban
quets, barbecue, parades and other en-
tertainmentS.
Among the vital matters to the
Southern merchants and farmers
that were brought up and discussed
in the convention were the questions
of crop diversification and the mar
keting Of cotton.
The address of welcome to the WIS.,
iting merchants was delivered at the
opening meeting on Aug. II by Gov.
Tom G. Rye of Tennessee. The pro-
gram of speakers for the three days
meetings included some of the best
known opponents Of business and ag-
riculture in the United States.
The Cotton States Merchants Asso-
citation at the present claims a mem
bership of 10000 Hundreds of these
members came to Memphis, in auto
mobiles to encourage the good roads
movement which is being pushed to
the fore so strongly in the South at
the present time.
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19

into new territory may be prevented.
Fruit, vegetables, alfalfa seed and
nursery stock contain practically no
weevils, with the single exception OF
potatoes which have been in contact
with infested green alfalfa. Alfalfa
hay sometimes contains adults and
some of them may remain alive for
six months in the stack. About the
only other danger of spreading the
weevil is by carrying it in clothing
either on the person or in baggage.
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19
FIVE THOUSAND MEMBERS OF
COTTON STATES ASSOCIATION
TO CONVENE ON AUG. II.
SECOND ANNUAL MEETING
Crop Diversification and Marketing Of
Cotton Among Important Subjects
Discussed-Many Entertain
ments Are Given.

Memphis.-More than 5000 mer-
chants and business men over five
Southern states arrived in Memphis
Aug. II, to attend the second annual
convention Of the Cotton States Mer-
chants Association, which lasts for
three days. During these three days
the visiting merchants were the guests
of Memphis in what was said to be
the most beneficial meeting ever held
by Southern business men.
The Memphis Business Mems Club,
under whose auspices the association
was formed, and Memphis people in
general made complete arrangements
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19
PLAN FARM DEVELOPMENT
Farm Development Bureau of Mem.
phis Business Mems Club Inaugu-
rates Improvement Campaign.

Memphis.-In monster meeting Of
Memphis bankers, merchants, bust
ness and professional men held at the
Memphis Business Mems Club Aug.
II, H. M. Cottrell, manager of the
newly organized Farm Development
Of reclamation work to be pursued
and called on 1000 Memphis men to
assist him in this work. Assurance
was readily given that the assistance
asked would be given.
The meeting was attended by fully
500 of the most prominent business
and professional men of the city.
Mr.. Cottrell, who is a well-known
farm expert, has been engaged by
the club to conduct campaign
throughout the Mississippi basin to en-
courage greater productiveness Of the
farming lands.
AS outlined by Mr.. Cottrell at the
meeting, the bureau will undertake
to start production on thousands of
acres of fertile bottom land that is
at the present lying idle.
Another important development
which will be initiated is that of the
production Of pork, beef and poul-
try. It is claimed that where now
millions of dollars of the South's
money is going into the northern
markets for these food supplies they
can be raised more cheaply and more
profitably in the South.
If the plans now under considera-
ton by the Memphis Business Mems
Club materialize, it is predicted that
within the next year or SO there will
be several large packing plants in
Memphis
The active campaign of education
among the rural business men and
farmers surrounding Memphis will be
begun Aug. 16 when Mr. Cottrell and
a committee of prominent business
men of Memphis will begin a tour
of the towns surrounding Memphis to
impart their farm Improvement ideas.
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19
TancibIe Farm Asset.

A high-class, purebred stallion is
real, tangible asset to a farm COM
munity Patronize such sires and
make their continued use possible in
your locality. A few dollars saved on
service fees by using an undesirable
sire is mighty poor economy in the
long run.
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19

POISON TOT fAHditd WCSNHo.
Several farmers have adopted the
method of spraying the alfalfa stubble
with arsenate of lead instead of Great
ing a dust mulch. Apply the poison
at the rate of IL pounds in four bar
rels of water per acre. Where large
area is to be covered gasoline en-
CINE for power is necessary Two
lines of hose are operated by two men
and bordeaux MOBILES held at dis
lance OF about 11a feet from the
ground. Equally good work could
probably be done with small guam
tity OF arsenate of lead by a better
method of distribution. This spray
method, however, is better adapted to
large fields than the dust-mulch meth
cd. It is also applicable as well to the
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19
Battle in Arqonne.

London. -Artois. the forest Of the
Argonne and the Vosges Mountains
continue scenes of activity in the
west, but no serious battles are in
progress.
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19

Pro B K o
d WIRE
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19
Cement Walks Are Cheap.

Narrow cement walks about the
buildings are almost as cheap as
board walks, and if made right will ,
never have to be replaced.
The Brandon news. (Brandon, Miss.) 1892-1961, 1915-08-19
Getting Down to Essentials.

Getting Down to Essentials.
"As a matter of professional con-
tidence,' said the lawyer. are you
guilty?"
What's the use OF wasting time on
a minor consideration like that?" re-
joined the np-to-date prisoner How
do you think measure up for insan-
ity.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
PROBATE OF WILL
ESTATE OF CHARLES H. RA

ESTATE OF CHARLES H. RANNEY
STATE OF VERMONT, District of Caledonia, IS.
The Honorable Probate Court for the Dis
trict of Caledonia: To all persons interested
In the estate of Charles II. Ranney, late of
St. Johnsbury, in said District deceased,
Greeting:
At Probate Court, holden at ST. Johns
bury within and for said District on the Bird
day of September A. d. 1915, instrument
purporting to be the last viii and Tesla
ment and Codicil of Charles H. Ranney,
late of St. Johnsbury, in said District, de.
ceased. was presented to the Court afore-
said, for Probate.
And it is ordered by said Court that the
25th day of September A. d. 1918, at the
Probate Office in said st. Johnsbury, be as
signed for proving said instrument; and that
notice thereof be given to all persons con-
cerned, by publishing this order three weeks
successfully in the Caledonian, a newspaper
circulating in that vicinity, in said District,
previous to the time appointed.
Therefore, you are hereby notified to ap-
pear before said Court, at the time and place
aforesaid, and contest the probate of said
will, if you have cause.
Given under my hand at ST. Johnsbury, In
said District, this 3rd day of September.
A. D. 1915.
WALTER P. SMITH, Judge.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
Notice of Allowance OF Account.
ESTATE OF John G, CLOUGH.

STATE OF VERMONT, District of c a1edonia So
The Honorable Probate Court for the lis.
trict aforesaid: To all persons interested In
the estate of John @. Clough, late of St
Johnsbury, in said District, deceased, greet
ing:
Whereas, said Court has assigned the 18th
day of September next for examining and al
owing the account of the Executor of the
estate of said deceased and for a decree of
the residue of said estate to the lawful
claim ants of the same, and ordered that
public notice thereof be given to all per
sons interested in said estate by publishing
this order three weeks successfully prev
ious to the day assigned, in the Ca1edonian
newspaper published at ST. Johnsbury In
said District.
Therefore, you are hereby notified to ap-
in said District, the day assigned, then
and there to contest the allowance of said
account if you see cause, and TO establish
your right heirs, 1egatees and lawful
claim ants to said residue.
Given under my hand this 3Oth day of
August, A. D. 1915.
WALTER P. NTH. Judge
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
PROBATE OF WILL

ESTATE OF sYLVANUS N. HUBBRLL
STATE OF VERMONT, District Of Caledonia, 90.
The Honorable Probate Court for the Dis
trict OF Caledonia: To all persons interested
In the estate of Sylvanus N. Hubbcll, late Of
Danville. in said District deceased, Greet
ing:
At Probate Court, holden at ST. Johns
bury within and for said District on the 31at
day of August, A. d. 1915, an instrument
purporting to be the last Will and Tesla
ment of Sylvanus " Hubbell late Of Dan
ville In said District, deceased, was pre-
sented to the Court aforesaid. for Probate.
And IL In ordered by said Court that the
18th day of September, A. D., 1915. at the
Probate Office In said st. Johnsbury, be
signed for proving said Instrument; and
that notice thereof be given TO all persons
concerned, by publishing this order three
weeks successfully In the Caledonian,
Newspaper circulating In that vicinity, IA
said District, previous to the time appoint
ed
Therefore, you are hereby notified to APP
pear before said Court. at the time and place
aforesaid, and contest the probate of said
will. IL you have cause
Given under my hand at st. Johnsbury. In
said District, this 3lst day of August.
A. ID. 1915.
WALTER p. SMITH.
Judge.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

day of August, A. d. 1915. an instrument
purporting to be the last VIII and Tesla
ment of George Gibbons. late of st. Johns
bury, IN said District, deceased, was present
ed to the Court aforesaid. for Probate.
And II is ordered by said Court that the
18TH day of Sept, A. ID. 1915. at the Pro-
bate Office In said ST. Johnsbury, be assigned
for proving said instrument; and that notice
thereof be given to all persons concerned. by
publishing this order three weeks successive
~ In the CALIFORNIAN. a Newspaper circulat.
ing In that vicinity. in said District, previous
to the time appointed. Therefore. you
hereby notified to appear before said Court,
at the time and place aforesaid, and contest
the probate OF said will, II you have cause.
Given under my hand at St. Johnsbury. in
said District, this 26th day Of August. A. d.
1918.
WALTER P. SMITH. Judge.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Total $3.50
Herd averages for this cost are
given in the table below, and are
found to range from $19.1S to
$3.50.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The table gives the valuation or
the COWS in the different herds.
Herds As and At consist mainly Of
registered Jerseys with a few grade
animals, hence the high valuation
placed upon them. The lowest val
uation per cow is $500, the high
est $4,000, and the average $53.79.
Interest on this amount is $3.23.
Depreciation
Depreciation in the value of cows
is due to losses by death, disease, &C
cidental injuries and increase in age.
In other words, depreciation is the
money value required to keep the
number in the herd good from one
year to another. The table shows
that the farmers estimates vary
widely as to this amount, and that
a few would give no data.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The cost of shelter ranges from
$0.S3 per cow to $3.50. The herd
having the lowest cost of shelter
consisted of twenty COWS kept in an
old poorly constructed barn OF lit
tie value On the other hand, the
herd having the highest cost was
housed in 4 very expensive barn le-
signed by a New York architect for
use on a fancy stock farm The fact
that this herd contained eighty cows
aids in approaching the amount i'll
vested in this barn, since large
herds tend to reduce the cost of
shelter per COW The average cost
for 1854. cows is $4.93 per cow; of
this sum, interest and depreciation,
charged at the rate of 10 per cent,
amount to $4.58, while the tax, bas-
ed on two-thirds the value of shelter
chargeabie to the COWS, is $O.S5.
The diagram indicates the rela-
tionship Of the size of the herd to
cost of shelter. In general, the av-
erage cost decreases up to the num-
Der of 35 COWS. With larger herds,
the costs rises slightly, due to the
fact that they are owned by rich
farmers who invest a larger percent
age of their capital in buildings.
Equipment
The equipment charge consists of
interest and depreciation on separ-
ators, engines. motors, pals, brush
es, shovels, hoes and other minor
utensils commonly used in the
dairy. The value of the equipment
and the rate of depreciation are the
farmers figures, while interest at
SIX per cent. is charged arbitrarily.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

In said district on the day assigned. then
and there to contest the allowance of said
account If you see cause. and to establish
your right an heirs. leRatees and lawful
claimants to said residue.
Given under my hand, this 9th day of
August, A. d.. 1918.
WALTER p. SMITH. Judge.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The cost of equipment varies from
six cents per cow in a herd of rs
where no separator is used and milk
is sold by the hundredweight to
$500 per cow in a herd of four, the
milk being separated and the cream
taken to a creamery. The total av-
erage cost of equipment per COW for
a year is $1.06.
AS shown by the diagram, the
cost of equipment per cow is great
est in small herds, is fairly constant
for herds of twenty to forty-five, and
drops off as the number of cows in
Creases above forty-fiYe.
Bedding
The three materials most fire.
quently used by the farmers for bed
ding are sawdust, shavings and
straw. The many sawmills through
out the state furnish a cheap and
satisfactory bedding as a by-pT0duct,
and in all localities where the ma
terial can be obtained and where
the cost of hauling is not too great,
sawdust is the standard bedding.
Straw is used more for bedding
horses, calves and hogs than for
dairy cows, when sawdust and shaw
ings are available. In the follow
ing table, the cost of bedding in
cIudes the cost of hauling.
Cost of
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
Order of Notice or Allowance o
Account
ESTATE OF JAMES T. MANCHESTER.

STATE OF VERMONT, District of Caledonia S..
The Honorable Probate Court for the dis
trict aforesaid: To all persons interested in
the estate of James T. Manchester, late of
Barnet, in said district, deceased, greet
ing:
Whereas, said Court has assigned the I 18th
day of September next for examining and al
lowing the account of the Admins traitor,
of the estate of said deceased and for
decree of the residue of said estate to the
lawful claimants of the same, and ordered
that public notice thereof be given to all
persons interested in said estate by publish
ing this order three weeks successfully pre-
voius to the day assigned, in the Caledon-
ian, a newspaper published at St. Johns
bury, in said district
Therefore, you are hereby notified to ap-
pear at the Prob ate Office in st. Johnsbury,
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The amount OF deprec1at1on IN
value per COW during the year rang
es from $3.50 to $3.50, the aver
age for 1902 COWS being $4.49 or
8.3 per cent. of the average value.
Taxes
Taxes are based on the list value
of the COWS and the tax rate of the
various town in which data was OBJ
tanned. The following table gives
the grand list and the tax for each
herd:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
PROBATE OF Will
ESTATE OF GEORGE GIBBONS.

stats OF VERMONT, District of c Caledonia S.
The Honorable Probate Court for the Dis
trict of G a1edonia: To all persons interested
in the estate of George Gibbons, late of St
Johnsbury, in said District deceased, greet
ing:
bury within and for said District on the 26th
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The cost of bedding depends on
local conditions, the distance of the
farm from the sawmill being the
most important The average cost
per cow for year is $1.37, the low
est 5000 and the highest $4.67.
The Herd Bull
The cost of keeping the herd bull
consists of interest, feed and labor.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The table shows in a general way
that the cost of labor is greater in
small herds than in herds of ~
or more COWS while the diagram
brings out still more clearly the re-
lation of the size of the herd to the
cost of labor. The highest cost is
found with herds of five cows, and
it decreases steadily until the low.
est limit is reached with herds OF
35. For herds of forty the cost in
creases slightly, but remains con.
slant for larger herds. The range OF
labor cost shown by the table is
from $1O.95 to $6S,63 per COW. The
average number of hours labor per
year for 1,547 cows is 1905 per
COW, which, at the rate of fifteen
cents, amounts to $3.50.
Shelter
The cost OF shelter includes the
interest, depreciation and tax on the
barn in which the cows are Kept IL
is the custom to store the hay ana
other crops in the same building
with the cattle, and in such cases me
cows are charged with only one 1aIf
the total cost of shelter.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
Insurance

Owing to the fact that in most
cases insurance on all buildings,
stock and tools is Jumped in one sum
only very meager data could be Sc
cured The average for 1913 COWS is
$0.27 per COW, this amount includ-
ing insurance on the SOW herself and
also her share of that on the barn
The total average cost of keeping
a COW for one year, exclusive of the
cost of feed, is summed up as fol-
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The average list value Of 1,547
cows is $31.37, and the average tax
rate $1.65, resulting in a tax of
$0.52 per cow.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

In herds numbers 23 and II no
bull was kept, but the owners paid
$1.00 per COW for service fees. The
bulls in numbers At and 81 are reg
istered animals of good breeding
with high valuation. The average
cost per COW is $2.18, the highest be-
ing $3.50 in a herd of four and the
lowest $O.75 in a herd of forty-four.
The cost per cow of keeping the
bull is determined mainly by the
number of COWS in the herd. 1t was
found that for herds of forty-five
cows or less only one sire is kept,
while in larger herds two are main
tanned.
Interest
Interest at the rate of six per
cent. is charged ON the valuation of
the cows
Arizona republican., 1915-05-04
Miscellaneous

WANTED-To purchase so to 100 pounds hogs. Ira C. Sharp, Scottsdale.
 m
Arizona republican., 1915-05-04
Auctions
AUCTION SATERDAN. MAY Sth

SATURDAY. MAY Sth
 Big comLi.ation sale at Pats Corral. List yorr horses. mules cattle, farm ing implements, hogs, chickens. furni- ture. List with (. O. McMURTRY, T \. list Ave. Phone 1910.
 C. e. McMURTRY, Auctioneer