davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
Sidelights on the European War

years. Increasing Chinese tmmlgra-
ton 10 Mongolia together with the I'm
crease in the Chinese political iaau-
enCe, alarmed Russia, which reasoned
that the Mougoliaus were SO few and
thriftless they would never mpertI
Russian interests in Siberia.
When Outer Mongolia threw off Chi
uese rule, Russia recognized the indie
Hutuktu and negotiated a trade treaty
/ pendent government set up by the Urga
in which the new power was called
/ Mongolia and not Outer Mongolia
China feared Russia was about 10 an
mex Mongolia. Japan also began an
active extension of its influences i'm
the chaotic country Consequently
Chinese officials made every effort TO
consulate Outer Mongolia and soon
discovered that Russia had no desire.
apparently. to annex Mongolia. but
merely desired that # be maintained
as an autonomous state which would
stand as q barrier between Siberia
and the thrifty millions south OF it.
with whom the Russian peasant can
not compete.
Under the tripartite agreement o.
commission named by the participat-
ing powers will determine the limits
Of autonomous Mongolia. This com
mission is to begin its work within two
years. Its task will probably be long
and trying There have never been
surveys and the dividing line between
Outer Mongolia and Mongolia proper
q rss
and the cause of heated controversy.
Ambitious Outer Mongolia leaders
hoped 70 induce Russia 10 support
them in uniting all Mongolia in avn IN
dependent power, and were unwilling
Ito consider returning 10 Chinese pro-
lection until ii became clear that R8s-
STA would not lend them hand in
taking over Inner Mongolia and Gre
atIng an all-Mongoliau government.
Russia gets exemption from duty on
all Russian goods entering Mongolia
and on all Mongolian goods exported to
Russia, The agreement grants Chi
nese goods the same treatment that
China gives Mougolian goods.
China will direct the Monaghan
postofHces, while the Monaghan gov
eminent viii supervise its own tele-
graph lines. Each nation will maintain
a court at Urga and all defendants viii
be tried in their own courts Presi-
dent Yuan Shi-kai has already issued
an amnesty for the leaders instrument
tai in influencing Outer Mongolia 20
throw off Chinese rule.
While Outer Mongolia for centuries
had sort Of semi-autonomy. which
was guaranteed by the Manchu rulers,
it never previously enjoyed full auton-
omy under Chinese directions such as
1t has now come into. However, both
China and Russia are believed to have
had distinct diplomatic triumph in
the settlement OF Outer Mongolia
status. Under the new agreement
Outer Mongolia may direct its inter-
Tor affairs without outside influence.
China has regained territory which is
almost one-third Of the republics en-
tire area, and Russia has erected a buff
fer between Siberia and the south.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

Pekin.-t Correspondence Of The As
s0ciated Press. China is about TO re
gain nominal control Of Outer Mongo-
liza, which declared its freedom from
Chinese suzerainty at the beginning Of
the revolution in 1911 and set up an
independent government with the Urga
Kutuktu as sovereign.
In accordance with the recently per
fected Chino usso-GI0ng0lian agree
ment, Outer Mongolia again recognizes
China's suzerainty, but becomes an
touomous and retains its right to ad-
minister its Internal affairs and engage
in international negotiations respect
ing commerce and industry.
This agreement was signed by rep
.resentatives of China, Russia and Mon
goIia at Ktachta on June 7, and became
effective Immediately, although the for
NAL ratification will not take place I'M
til late in September. Mr.. Chen-lo, the
Chinese diplomat who was chiefly re-
sponsible for the successful negotia-
Ji0ns, viii then 60 to Urga, the ancient
Monaghan capital, accompanied by
aides and three hundred and fifty sol
diers. preparatory to comforting the
title Of Khan upon the Kutuktu. This
viii be done with great ceremony IN
der the direction Of Mr.. Chen-lo. who
viii remain in Urga as the Chinese
dignitary representing President Yuan
Shi-kai
Unlike commissioners who went to
Mongolia in former centuries, Mr..
Chen-lo and his party will not ride
camels northward from Picking across
the great Cobb desert. but will travel
by the Trans-Siberian railway to Lake
Baikal. where automobiles will carry
them southwark.
Mongolia is a great unsurveyed land.
It's inhabitants are chiefly wandering
tribes. There are probably nearly
million Of them. but no census has
ever been made. The state contains
about 1,368,000 square miles. It is five
times as large as Texas. New York
could be included within it's boundaries
q times and it would make 10 Cali
fornias
Outer Mongolia is a division which is
poorly distinguished from Mongolia
bA cPGl. IN MOST maps II Is traced as
d vague portion of Mongolia adjoining
Siberia. It's boundaries are as indef-
mite as its political status has been for
centuries. Outer Mongolia claimed to
be all Mongolia and assumed direction
OF affairs of the entire geographical di-
vision known as Mongolia. When it
threw off Chinese rule it pretended to
speak for all Mongolia. However. there
were certain portions of the country
which insisted they remain loyal to
China
Because of the shiftlessness Of the
and their dislike of work.
Chinese found # profitable TO locate
there centuries ago and engaged in
farming, crude manufacturing indus
tries and trade. Russia always feared
Mongolia would afford the Chinese a
gateway to Siberia and enacted strict
legislation to keep the Chinese out of
the territory east Of Lake Baikaf
Outer Mongolia for the Afougolianso
has been Russia's watchword for MANY
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
GREAT MEN WHO HAVE PRESIDED OVER
THE GENERAL COUNCIL OF LUTHERANS

The Lutheran general council, which
was born in a great crisis Of the
church in its organization and develop
ment and which opens its annual meet
ing here this week, has had among its
leaders some OF the leading theolo-
slau and thinkers of America. Who
ever thinks Of the general council per-
baps thinks first Of the Rev. Dr.
Charles Porterdeld Kraulh. who wrote
the classic Fundamental Principles of
Faith and Church PoHty" and was for
q number of years president of the
body Author of the conservative
Reformation and Its Theology" a
standard work recognized as such by
men OF all creeds, in addition being a
great leader in the church, he was one
of the University OF Pennsylvania
most eminent scholars and professors.
The great Swedish educator, Dr. T. y.
HassaIquist, to whom Augustana col
legs and Rock Island owe so much.
was not only 8 pioneer OF the Angus
taua synod and a scholar of the drst
rank in the middle west, he was also
very active in the founding Of the body
which for the first time visits the city
in which DIT. Hasselquist did his great
est work.
DE Adoiph Spaeth, long president
OF the general council, one OF the most
eloquent German preachers America
ever had, who delivered one Of the fin
est eulogies on the death of Lincoln
that was published; Dr.. c. A. Swens-
son, another eloquent man, but of the
Swedish nationality, who made politi-
cal platforms and who preferred to be
president of his Swedish college at
Liudsborg to being governor Of the
great state of Kansas, was another of
the councils presidents. DR.. Seiss, the
Philadelphia peerless preacher, who
produced more books than any other
single Lutheran in America. books
which are having an extensive sale in
all churches today and show no signs
Of going out Of print. and DR.. Krotel,
who was pastor for many years in New
York city of Lutherantsm's leading
church in the metropolis and who re-
firing on account Of i'll health. recuper-
ated and founded a large church in the
uptown section Of New York after he
was past the three score and ten, was
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
ADVERTISING FACTS

A tobacco manufacturing firm re
Gently startled the world by announc-
ing that . brand Of oigarets that is
made. might not suit all tastes. It's ad-
yert1sernsnt advising smokers to try
. number CT brands and select the
enc that most appealed to them. was
so unusual that It was reprinted by
request
All OF which is . reminder OF the
great change that has come about in
advertising in the last 20 years. It
wasn't longer ago than that that
humptious superiattves were supposed
TO sell goods. The word best" was
fsarfu1Iy overworked. On the same
page of q newspaper one could find
several different kinds OF soap. cigars,
lamp chimneys. candles. and flour each
asserted 70 bs compromisingIy the
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

another OF the general council presi-
dents. He had the ability TO preach
German and make the audience GER
tain he knew only German and follow
in English Of such pure diction as to
convince his hearers that he spoke
nothing else. He was not only presi-
dent. but one of the leading parIia-
mentarians of the council in his day
Like DR.. Kr0te, Or, Ranseen, another
of the council presidents was pastor
Of a leading church, a large Augustana
congregation in Chicago. Tt was dur
ing the time Of his presidency of the
general council that Bishop Won
Scheele, so dear to the Swedish church
was entertained in this country and
was the guest of honor at the conven-
ton in Lima, Ohio. The first presi-
dent OF the council was faithful pas
tor from western Pennsylvania, Rev.
G. BassIer. He was followed by Rev.
c. ". Schaeffer, D. D., who was many
years the president Of the Philadelphia
Theological seminary and who still
has hundreds Of ministerial sons in
the Lutheran ministry. DR.. Nohl-
AEAAE Oh new Oh ~ ARHlGGf OF the
great Lutheran college at Watertown,
Wis and q most polished scholar. was
for several years president and for
many years q German diplomat of the
highest type in general council admin
iserati0u.
Last, and by no means least Of the
presidents. Is Rev. Or. Schmauk. who
is no stranger to Rock Island audi
ences. The author of the most vo1um-
nous work on Confessional Theology"
i'm the English language and produc-
ing simultaneously with il a remarka-
BILE little book called In Mothers
Arms dealing with child psychology
in its most rudimentary stages, is one
of the most versatile men in America.
= born leader and administrator. DR..
Schmauk has administered as presi-
dent of this immense body OF the Luth-
eran church since 1893 The entire
Lutheran graded series Of Sunday
school literature published, is credit
complete UNCONVENTIONAL graded bible
school literature published, ISIS credit
ed in its conception and development
to the master mind of this great think
er and leader in the Lutheran church.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

Half Of womau's fIis may be sum
med up ia one word-backache The
aImanacs, the nostrum makers liter
ature, the various fake doctor books
published In the interest Of big quack
medicine firms, aad the circular that
comes wrapped around the 70 cant bot
tie OF family medicated booze highly
recommended for womans ills, al
dwell upon the seriousness Of this
symptom n word and in picture, Yet
VS. dare say the situation of the
trouble IN good many cases &C any
rate Is IN the bed she sleeps on.
Ths joint between the saorum at
the base Of the spine and the hip
bones on etthsr side is easily strained
by lying IN a bed which says under
the weight OF the body. In women
much more than II men the ugameats
and muscles which support these
joints tire under strain and relax, per
hitting slight slipping or mobility in
these joints. The result is backache,
which is distinguished By the fact that
It is modified By changes Of posture
unlike the back pains which some
times accompany internal derange-
ments in women
The woven wire springs so COM
monty found on beds almost invariably
stretch after 8 time and sag under the
weight Of the body. And then some Of
tho cheaper mattresses people buy IN
der a mistaken notion Of economy are
nothing but hiuocks and valleys after
q few weeks use.
To any woman, or any man either,
who is troubled with backache or
lame back without good and sufficient
cause, we would suggest a careful
examination Of the bed for signs Of
inauition and collapse, # the springs
F.. or mattress seems to be run down or
In need Of q good tonic send It to the
Salvation Army and indulge In a
new one. There is no mistake in in
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
COMMUNITY mYTus

Community oivios helps the child
TO know the meaning Of his community
life, not merely a lot Of facts about
L." says bulletin tust issued by tho
United States bureau q education,
THIS bulletin was prepared by four
members Of the committee on social
studies OF the National Education as
sooiBtion--Dr. J. Lynn Barnard,
School Of Pedagogy, Philadelphia: T.
". Carrier. principal Of Wilmington
(afass.) high school; arthur ".
Dunn. specialist In civic education,
United States bureau Ct education,
and Clarence u. Kingsley Of the Mas
sachusetts board OF education.
"Ths significance Of the term com
mRnity civ1os' does not lie IA its geo
graphical implications" says the bull
letin, "but applies this point Of view
to the national community as we'll
Emphasis Is laid upon the local com
nunity because II IS the one with
which every ohtld-citisen has most in
timata relations. and for that reason Il
IL easier for him to enter into actual
cooperation with It."
The authors Of the bulletin make
clear that the term citizenship" is
used broadly, The good citizen, -
they say, sis q person who habituaIly
conducts himself with proper regard
for th9 welfare OF the community Of
which he is q member, and is active
and intelligent In his cooperation
with his fellow-members to that end.
Community civcs. according to the
bulletin. should be taught IN the ele-
mentavy grades Of the public schools
and should be continued IN q more
comprehensive course in the first year
Of the high school. MANY pupils do
T not enter high school at all. and those
i who DO should already have begun 10
/ acquire habits Of civic thought ann
action. The greater maturity of the
high school pupils makes possible the
development Of phases of the subject
+ that are impracicable tn the element
/ airy school
Many courses IN civics fail" the
authors think. because they fix at
Itentiou upon the machinery of gov
eminent rather than upon the a]e-
|ments Of community welfare for which
/ government exists. They familt8rize
the pupil with the manipulation Of the
social machinery without showing MIN
the Importance Of the social ends for
which this machinery exists. A les
son in community civics is not com
plete unless 1t leaves with the pupil "a
sense of his responsibility, and results
In right action. To attain these ends
is perhaps the most difficult and deli
cate task of the teacher.
Much civic instruction has been in
effective because it has left the pupil
to work out for himself the appHca-
ton OF general principles. The trans
latiOn OF principles into conduct is
more difficult than the comprehension
Of the principles themselves. While
we urge that the citizen should en-
gage in these activities as far as OPP
portunity offers, it is necessary 10 Gull
tivate q motive sufficiently strong to
lead him actually to do so. This mo-
tive is 10 be found in the common I'M
terest. at least until such time as an
ideal altruism may lead to the pIac-
ing OF the interest Of others end Of
the community above the interest OF
self
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
CULTIVATION NATIONAL HUMoR

May Irwin writes 10 President Will
son urging him TO establish a. depart
ment Of laughter and seeking the post
OF secretary Of this adjunct to the
government. L would be a distinct
gain TO every government, the Bur-
Iington Hawkeye feels. To have a de-
partmeut of laughter. In the good old
days of King Hal they had a depart
ment Of laughter, presided over by
the court Jester, whose special duty
it was to cheer up the king. The
court Jester, clad IN his cap and bells,
put in his time framing stunts and
quips to keep his majesty and the
members of the royal train In good
humor. Sometimes the jester was
sorely put TO deliver the goods and q
failure OF his efforts frequently re-
suited in a dungeon sentence. or if
the kings mood was particularly vic
ious the jester was led away TO the
block and. gadzooks. made shorter by
a head. And just as in the present
day there always was someone to take
his place. The court Jester expedient.
however, is not what we need. But
We need q good cultivation Of the
sense of bumor.
a keen appreciation OF humor on
the parts OF kings and diplomats who
forced the European war would have
avoided the conflict. a hearty laugh
somewhere along the line might have
shot the war clouds 10 smithereens.
The man who has no sense OF hu-
nor is indeed afflicted. He may have
other estimable qualities to burn. but
II there IS 10 funny streak In his
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

"bsgs.s One sometimes secs the WORT
CA glazing fsnos rail or barn roos
signx. but II doesn't often get into
veil handisd advertising copy these
days.
Merchants and manufacturers have
come to realize that the world Is large.
that purses are Of different sizes. and
recognize like she tobacco uanufao-
taFor, above referred TO, that tastes
dlTaF. Imagine a dealer trying 70 sell
automobiles By advertising methods fl
vogue ii the SOC.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
SUNDAY CLOSING OF sA-
LOOMS

Assuming that the mayor and chief
of police are sincere in their desire to
enforce without fear Of favor the Sun
day closing Of saloons and to cancel
the licenses Of obdurate saloon keep
ers, these TWO officials are surely de-
serving Of the cooperation Of the COM
mission in its entirety and the sup
port Of the public generally. There is
nothing more productive Of eviI than a
pretense in the enforcement Of muui-
cipal regulations. The city having de-
termined to close the saloons Sunday.
its course should be followed without
discrimination and all keepers should
be treated alike.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
THE GENERAL COUNCIL.

For the next seven days Rock Island
will be the center Of interest TO Luth-
Grams within the territory covered by
the general council OF the church.
Half million members Will be rep
resented here by several hundreds Of
delegates. The women's sessions open
this evening.
This is the first time that the gen
eral council has met in Rock Island.
and this city VIII be proud to extend
a welcome to the distinguished lead
ers IN religious thought and work and
missionary endeavor that the gather
ing viii bring here.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
Beds and Backs.

yesting money IN good bed springs ana
good mattresses even If you have no
lame back. You will get more pleas
ure from hitting the hay II your bed Is
alluring
So often. so very often, doctor has
to order g. couple Of stats slipped under
q sagging bedspring In order to re-
iieye the tired. aching back q the pa
tent under his care. It is surprising
how people viii lie IN a Teritabie
crater and wonder what IN thunder
makes their back ache SO much.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

EXAMINATION by the X-rays is
coming to be regarded as one of our
favorite indoor sports Macomb Gll)
ByStander prints a social item about q
young lady of that town who had the
X-rays turned on her. Inasmuch as
the paper did not say that she was
suffering any ailment it is presumed
that she had the examination in order
to determine the proper angle at which
to wear her new fall hat.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

With importati0ns of dutiable goods
greatly reduced by the war the repub-
Gcan press agents are laboring day
and night to convince the public that
all the country needs is new tariff
Of the kind that Mothers Payne, AID
rich and Cannon used TO make-the
kind under which big interests got
theirs aud grew fat, II the people
again fall for that old game they will
fairly deserve what they are sure to
get-another trimming by the insid-
ers
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

Spain, in discussing the question Of
ousting Great Britain from Gibraltar,
seems TO be "electioneering" for
licking. II she should succeed she
would have possession OF something
that other nations would want and 10
get which some Of them certainly
would sooner or later go TO war. AS
matters now stand, Spain seems 10 be
reasonably safe, for she has little 10
tempt the cupidity OF her neighbors.
II her statesmen are wise they will let
England keep Gibraltar and the re-
sponsibilities that go with it.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
Keeping the Gossips On Edge.

It was reported by good authority
that laundry business would shortly
be established in the building on Main
street directly south Of the Arlington
hotel Both Of the parties who are in
terested in the new venture are IA
miliar with laundry work But for
good and valid reasons they do not
wish to have their names published
at this time. Do you hear wedding
bells Cedar Falls Correspondence Of
Waterloo. (Iowa) Times-Tribune
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

Finally the organ Of obstruction has
found an individual for whom evidently
It fesIs IL can consistently boost. but
he does NOT reside In these parts. dear
reader He lives IN Chicago. He is
one Al Tearney; occupation, saloon
keeper: record. arrested for vio-
satfng the laws Of his home city.
Who would have the heartlessness to
interrupt tho course Of mutual love be-
tween the paragon OF virtue IN Rock
Island and its Chicago ideal? So, with
these few words, the Tearney incident
IS closed SO far as The Argus is con-
-aarnad
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

Mrs. Bacon-He's a very Inconsistent
man
Mrs. Egbert-Indeed?
Yes. Why, he tried TO break his
boy Of being left handed, and he could
only punish the little fellow with his
left hand. Workers Statesman.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
EXnlMinea.

When he came in late he said to his
waiting wife. See the nice present
brought YOU
Where IS it,"
Here it is. A point lace handker-
chief.
"Oh. amt It beautiful
Yes, it cost a dollar. marked down
to 50 cents.
My. what a horrible odor."
oh, that's the scent on the dollar "
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

Whenever man takes 10 farming
because he couldn't succeed at any
thing, he just adds another to his list
Of failures. The man with brains
enough 10 farm right, has brains
enough for almost anything else
Farm Life
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

Daily eIsJefy GlaSS-Sept. 8.
l56o-Amy Robsar5, wife OF the Earl
Of Leicester, murdered by his order
IS5-End Of The siege 81 Sebastopol
and resreat Of tie Russians.
I9'o-Ga ivesfon devastated by q West
India heFsseane3 1909 deaths and
8 properly loss Of s25. 600 600
IaI4-Von KlueA barely made his re-
treat toward the Aisne; Ven Bue-
lows erulEsf0scea &c retreat
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08

War with Mexico can never he made
to pay interest on the investment, and
yet there are q lot OF people in this
] country who win never be happy till
they see somebody else marching
across the border 70 uphold the dig
nifty of these United States,
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-08
Opinions of Another.

Small men may acquire large tomb
stones.
Every man realizes that he used to
be q Chump.
boy on mischief bent may go
straight TO the bad
The green grocer is in q position to
acquire q lot Of ripe experience.
A popular minister avoids touching
the sore spots OF his congregation.
As long as Won pay compliments
only you win not be forced to eat your
words.
Matrimony Is a sort Of pay as you go
taxi-and the longer you go the more
you pay.
A wise married man never praises
the gown of another woman unless
his wife has one more stylish.
Did you ever hear Of a president Of
this great and glorious country taking
a prize at a baby show?
When q girl goes around boasting
of the number Of men who have made
love to her it's d sign they didn't ask
her TO marry. Chicago News