davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
In0N\T
Hi The ny
lUSNu&U
PROPER CARE OF THE UDDER
Cold Cement Floor, Cruising. Sudden
ChiiIs, Etc. Are Some OF Ester
nal Causes of Trouble.

Many soeu COWS are iost 10 use
iui me oh .he uairE iarh ny 'he neg
rect Vi niue necessary care at
cfi'ical time' inns Is particularly true
Oh hellers anu extra heaEy MIXERS
that nave Oeeh leu 100 s'ihuiatihs
ioous lor tlhe PRIOR 10 heshenihs'
writes l. %. henderson IN arm otoch
ahH Rome. ohoer norman eohuitions
the ucuer OF the co" shoulo not re-
cure speciai attention pu' tne iar
ther we get from haturai cohditiohs
and the more We incline to forced pro.
uuction the greater 'uS hAeHhoou Vi
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
CONSERVE MOISTURE IN SOIL
Cultivated Crops Draw From 800 to
500 Tons Of Water From Soil for
Each Ton Of Dry Matter.

In the large area devoted TO dry
farming practices there is always con-
Germ about retaining moisture in the
soil. due TO the amount of rainfall and
the evaporation during the growing
season The drink bill for the crops
is enormous. II is found that it takes
10000 pounds of water to grow a
bushel of wheat and. no matter how
fertile the soil is, you can grow only
as many bushels of wheat as will be
represented by the available pounds of
water in the soil divided by 10000. In
this connection. however. 1t will be
well TO bear in mind that an inch OF
rainfall weighs 1000 pounds per
acre. Extended observations through
experiments conducted in Europe and
in this country show that almost all
cultivated crops withdraw from 800 to
500 tons of water from the soil for
each ton OF dry matter produced.
Does this mean that the grain farmer
can grow bushels per acre for each
inch of rainfall at the rate of 227 900
divided by 10000? Not at all For. no
Ah1ANNA NJ" "tAi sui Dt tiilrus
a large percentage of moisture or wa
ter will escape through effect of warm
winds OF spring and summer. II sim
ply means that everything should be
done to conserve all moisture possible
in every way possible throughout the
growing season. This means putting
the land in proper condition in the fall
81 as 10 retain as much Iain 40 falls
then and to secure all the moisture
possible from winter snow and rain.
Where summer fallow is practiced,
those spots that start to dry out in the
spring should be disked as early as
possible. The spring winds are mighty
dry and soil mulch is needed as early
as possible. Throughout the entire sea-
son the man who practices dry farm
ing should spare no pains to preserve
the protective dry soil covering. The
time TO begin this work is in early
spring.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
ENSlLAGE RELISHED
BY FARM ANIMALS
Greatest Use of Feed Has Been
for the Dairy Cows-Beef
Cattle Also Like 1t.

Ensilage is relished by most farm
animals. The greatest use made OF 1t
has been for dairy COWS, thirty to fifty
pounds being fed each COW daily at the
North Dakota experiment station. 1t
can be fed to beef cattle too, but they
should be fed about half as much as
the dairy cattle. Young stock can be
fed ensilage in proportion to their size.
Some grain and hay should be fed
with ensilage. II the hay is alfalfa.
the grain can be decreased and in
some cases omitted.
Sheep relish a small amount OF en-
silage. two to three pounds day is
a good amount Some feeders give as
high as five or six pounds.
Horses can be fed ten to fifteen
pounds Of ensilage a day. 1t has q
good deal the SAFE effect on them as
pasture. Hogs like a little ensilage
and especially so If II contains good
deal of corn. Ensilage is bulky food.
a good deal like pasture in its effect
on the animal II Is important that 1t
be free from mold, as this causes
trouble. Horses should not be fed en-
silage that has been frozen, though
with other stock 1t seems to be all
right provided 1t is thawed out be
fore feeding.
Three silos are in use at the North
Dakota experiment station
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
IMPORTANT DRY FARM CROPS
New Bulletin Issued by Department
Of Agriculture Deals With Wheat.
Oats, Corn, Etc.

The work with six field crops at the
fourteen field stations operated by
the department in the Great Plains
area has recently been Incorporated in
a single bulletin. II combines the
salient points brought out in six pre-
vious bulletins dealing with spring
wheat. oats. corn, barley. milo and
kafir. as well as the effects OF the time
of blowing. The new bulletin tells OF
the yields secured by different meth
DDS OF handling the soil in connection
with growing these crops and also in
cludes a chart showing the rainfall by
months at the stations. The bulletin.
Crop Production of the Great Plains
Area. No 26S. may be had by applica'
ton TO the editor and chief OF the di
vision of publications. Washington
d. c.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
CBy r C. wEATHERsToNE1

CBy p G. wEATHERSTONED
II is well Known that the progeny
from mature parents are superior to
those descended from young progeni-
tors. not fully developed. Bears and
sows. for breeding. should be kept in
= soo3, thrifty co:S::::.o:., r.: cct Co..
The writer has always been troubled
to keep his breeding sows from be-
coming too fat, aud consequently
narrowing a small number of scrawny
pigs.
! once took a large SOW to fattep
for one-half the pork. / did not
know she was with pig and fed her
all the cornmeal and wheat middlings
she would eat.
Imagine my disappointment and yex-
alton when she had three little,
dwarfed pigs-not only smaller than
pigs usually are when first narrowed,
but emaciated.
Sows for breeding should not be al
lowed to run with the fattening hogs
fed on corn. but kept in pasture by
themselves and given plentiful
supply OF STOP, MADE OF equal parts
of wheat shorts, cornmeal and wheat
bran.
Most young sows will breed when
three months old, IL allowed TO run
with boar. but eight or twelve
months is as young as it is iudicious
to breed them.
Not only this, but it stunts o.
dwarfs the growth OF such young
things permanently, and they never
attain good size.
The pigs from largebodled, old
sows will be more in number, and
frequently double the size of pigs
from young sows when farrowed-
and this with the same feed and care
and will frequently weigh so per
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07

cent more at year old.
A neighbor of mine last year bought
an old sow in the spring for $40. She
had ten fine pigs in April, which were
fattened and sold TO butcher in the
fall of the same year. bringing him
Sis. 2ca &c c;!m has :hc SOW tc- =
breeder.
Sows should be kept for a number
of years until their places can he
proved to be good breeders.
Formerly. heavy pork from hogs T.
to "a months old land the fatter the
better was demanded. Men who
worked hard in the open air said
there was a wasting quality about pig.
pork-that it shrunk in the pot and
did not stick TO the ribs"
Fortunately, this call for het Wy pork
is decreasing. In the farmers family.
and with people generally employed
in indoor occupations in the towns
and cities, pork from younger hogs
is preferred.
This pork is not only the best. being
the tenderest and sweetest. but it is
the quickest produced, at lower cost
and at better profit to the producer.
Young animals grow faster and
with less food than when they be
come older. and pork from hog less
than year old does not cost so much
TO produce as the pork from old hogs.
To make the most money from
hogs, none. except those kept for
breeding purposes, should ever be win
tered over
TO the pigs ribs.
The well-fed litter OF pigs must
have an opportunity to exercise, or
else thumps are liable 10 claim she
plumpest.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
SUPPLY DARK NESTS
FOR LAYING FOWLS
Hens viii Dig Through Hay to
Bottom of Manger Rather
Than Use One in Light.

Hens always prefer dark nest to
one exposed to light and will dig
through hay to the bottom OF the
manger rather than use a ready-made
nest in light.
A good style OF nest is made In sec
lions OF four nests. twelve inches high
and 14x14, with Just room enough be
tween the nests and the wall for the
hen to enter. The top can be made all
in one piece. hinged at the inner edge
80 that it can be lifted up when eggs
are gathSed, but better way is to
lay the top on loosely so that II can
be taken on and the entire contents
Of all the nests dumped out at once.
The nests should be fumigated with
sulphur and also sprayed with kero-
sene at least once a month
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07

Iy uninhabitable because of this dis
ease.
Come next the armies of ticks. II
has been shown by experiment that
one variety of these which feeds upon
human blood will weigh after a meal
ten times its original weight. Some
species increase t. thirty times their
original weight. Imagine, says Pro
fessor Ealand. a hungry 200-pound man
weighing 5000 pounds after single
meal. or even after many meals! Re-
lapsing fever, spotted fever. a pecu-
liarly deadly disease called verruga.
are given man by ticks.
Then there are the lice which carry
typhus and q form of infammatory
rheumatism, and the fieas. which
transmit plague to man.
AS for the hosts that attack the
domestic animals and transmit to them
disease. were it not for natural checks
and the vigilance Of man there would
not be single animal left in the
world within ten years.
1t is this matter of natural checks,
the equilibrium which nature has pro-
vided against these most prolific OF
her children. that. is now most wor.
rying the scientists.
Up until comparatively recent times
great quantities OF insects we're used
for medicine, for dyes and SO on, but
this use has steadily lessened, and
with the lessening naturally the In
sects have increased.
The practice OF the control Of insect
pests by their natural enemies is one
of modern times, for the earliest rec
ord of work on anything approaching
a commercial scale, dates back by %
years. 1t Is based on the assumption
that all nature is in a state OF eQuili-
brium-that is to say. that all life. in
its native home. is kept in check BY
other forms OF life which prey upon
it. More than thirty distinct parasites
! and seven kinds of predatory beetles
have been introduced into the United
States to wage war on the gypsy and
brown-tail moths. says Professor
Ealand.
1t will be recognized. says Profess
sor Ealand, that unless a parasite
shows greater fertility than its host,
its power OF controlling the latter
must be very greatly diminished. In
this connection nature has come to
| the rescue In a marvellous manner BY
endowing many of the parasites with
the power OF spolyembryony." q
phenomenon that is unique in the an
| imal kingdom. Parasites SO endowed
| lay eggs similar in external form to
| those OF their less fortunate relations,
| but from each egg emerges In due
course not one larva, but a number
| of larvae, and by this means their
| fertility is much increased.
A second and still more modern
method OF natural insect control is car.
| ried into effect by means OF fungoid
disease of insects. These fungoids are
scattered over large plantations with
| a busting machine. All the insects in
| fected carry the disease to their nu
| merous relatives.
The fight, indicates Professor
Ealand, is only at its beginning. Man
| will probably win. but even II he does
the bug. through its persistence. will
| outlive him.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
TO DISlNFECT cow STABLES
In Case of Contagious Abortio, Any
Of the Standard Coal Tar Mixtures
Will Be Found Good.

For a disinfectant in cases Of con-
tagious abortion in cows. any Of the
standard coal tar disinfectants are
good. Crude carbolic and bichloride
Of mercury are two good ones.
Contagious abortion Of cows Is a
serious trouble and must be handled
with extreme care II 1t is to be sup
pressed. The proper disinfection Of the
COW stables and the entire premises
that may become infected is very
important. Under ordinary farm con-
ditions the infected animals should be
separated from the rest Of the herd
and kept where there is no chance for
the infection to spread. II II is found
that they cannot be cured they should
be disposed of.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
LITTLE THINGS FOR
SUCCESS WITH HENS
Fowls Must Be Kept in Good
Health and Well Fed for
Development.

A poultryman to be successful
must
Keep his hens in good health, pro
viding coops that are clean and well
ventilated, and allowing the chickens
the run of orchard or pasture through
the day.
Feed his hens well for growth and
development. They should go to roost
with crops well filed with wholesome
grains, after returning from the range
and plenty. of skim milk ans water
should be available through the day.
See that his hens have shade in
which to rest. II trees and shrubs are
not plentiful. burlap or gunny sack
shades should be put up.
Keep his brcody hens in airy coops
and feed and water them well. They
will recover from their brcodiness IN
five or ten days.
Gather his eggs daily and market
them at least twice . week
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07

Keep lTOn DSiHR urlFen OH
the earth itself! And in this battle it
will be mankind against bugs
by its fecundity. its enormous com
parative strength-sometimes equiva.
lent OF what would be. If the bug were
as large as horse. .0OO-horsepower
and in its inextinguishable passion.
Ate and concentrated will to live and
It's enormous adaptibility the insect
Kingdom makes the human race ap-
pear incredibly inefficient.
Civilization has for the last twenty
years and more been steadily over.
turning the balance of nature. which
has kept the insect kingdom down, and
this scientists throughout the world
have recognized Within half that
time what amounts to a world wide
organization has been formed to find
and make known to all who care
the best ways to cope with the fast
growing swarms which menace hui
mainly. It is recognized that only by
tireless, long and costly and dan
gerous struggle will man be able to re-
tain his dominance and freedom to de-
velop his world.
The latest warning of this peril to
humanity has been sounded in a most
remarkable fashion by Prof. c. A.
Ealand. one Of the foremost entomolo-
gists OF the world and the late prin-
cipal OF the East Anglican college Of
agriculture Of England Professor
Ealand begins his remarkable work.
which he calls Insects and Man,
with the following statement:
1T is fortunate for man that the in
sect world is a house divided against
itself. Except for this check the hu.
nan race would be extinct In i've or
six years"
The fecundity Of many insects Is
enormous. Huxley estimated that.
mishaps apart, single green fly would
in ten generations produce a mass O;
organic matter equivalent to 500 ,O0O,.
900 human beings. or as many as the
whole population of the Chinese en-
pire!
From the earliest times man has SUI
fered from insect damage to his crops,
his live stock and himself Locust
plaques rivaling those OF Egypt have
come to man from time TO time
The United States suffers damage
annually to the extent Of $4,000, 900
owing to the depredations Of the Hes.
sian fly: the cotton boil weevil causes
An annual loss OF $50, 900, 900; the cod
ling moth $4,000. 900, and the chinch
bug 100000. Add to this the dam
age done by gypsy and brown-tail
moths and the San Jose scale to say
nothing of the host Of minor pests.
and the total assumes alarming pro-
portions.
The struggle for supremacy between
insects and man Is a very real one
the world over.
But only by ceaseless struggle can
man keep his dominance. In his fight
against insects and bugs he has ar.
rayed against him an incredible fecun.
dity and power Of destruction
The majority of people-unscientific
people. that Essays Professor Ealand
think that the locust Is the most de.
structive insect This is partly be.
cause Of the Biblical plague having
been fixed in their minds. The 10
Gusts have done more damage in South
Africa and hindered agricultural prog
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
MILK PRODUCER MUST KNOW
Many Dairymen Attempt to Mako
Business Without system-Ree-
ords Ought to Be Kept.
nv wUJpFP I FRASER

tBy WlLBER J. FRASERD
The chief obstacle to progressive
dairying is carrying it on in a slip
shod manner without the application
Of business principles. The milk pro-
Queer must stop guessing, and know
for sure what the results will be OF
the different operations conducted in
different ways, and in each case adopt
the one that will return the most
profit. It is the net result from a COW
that tells whether she is making a
profit or not We cannot know what
that net result is II we do not keep
a record.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
SNAPSHOTS

Next to a holiday Sunday is the
longest day Of the year.
Mrs. Tug Watts. who is taking on
weight. should have a new pair Of
trousers. Her husbands are becom-
ing entirely too small for her.
Every advertiser seems to think his
remedy for eczema the best one.
Red Cloud is dead. But. inasmuch
as Red Cloud hadn't rained drop for
10 ,ears. his demise is Of interest only
10 the bereaved relatives.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
Hard 1hinos Of Life.

Hard things that come our way are
not hard when we do them. They are
hard only when we don't do them or
when we do them imperfectly. Duty
T. not hard when 1t is cheerfu.ly and
vigorously done. Duty is hard only
when 1t is not properly met-that Is.
when II is done without good will, or
when IL Is not done at all.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
protection From Flies.

II animals in the pasture IN the da,
time can resort to a shed or deel
shade, or to water. they are much less
troubled by flies. Nets or light GOV
ers are OF course a protection Some
members of the genus horseiiy attach
principally the eye and ear.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
Benefits ct Cultivation.

Frequent surface cultivation used T.
be regarded as mainly for killing
weeds. But successful gardeners Of
today recognize that this is not all
Frequent surface cultivation with the
proper tools will form a dust mulch
which conserves the moisture and
will also aerate the soil.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
The Macdonald Clans.

The Macdonald Clan is oy right Of
antiquity. power. and numbers usually
accorded premier place among the
great families of Scotland. In addL
ton to the Clan OF Macdonald itself.
there are Macdonald OF Clanranald.
Macdonnel OF Glengarry. Macdonald
of the Isles and Sleat and Macdonald
of Staffa
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
Ideal Straw Shed.

,rhe old thick-walled straw shed for
any kind of farm stock is about ideal.
after all that is said to the contrary.
The thick walls keep out cold and
prevent drafts and still grant an ideal
ventilation. You never find any frost
ed inside walls in the straw she'd
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07

former society whale OF this city
has been landed by a girl who was
fishing for sun perch. AS has often
been pointed out. it all depends on the
bait.
Eph Wiley says the surgeons who
are Dragging about the new anesthet-
ic never heard his wife's preacher.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
Uniformity of Type.

Uniformity Of type is an importan
thing In the successful management
of breeding hogs. especially near mar
ket time. for a uniform bunch Of hog
will bring more money on any marka
than a mixed lot
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
eettino Returns From Cow.

II the COW eats just a little more
than is required to keep her alive her
yield will be small and the cost high,
above what is required to maintain
her body. she will give returns from q
larger proportion of her feed.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
EFFECT OF COOLING ON MILK
Illustration Given Herewith Shows
What Difference 20 Degrees in
Temperature Will Make.

The cut is a graphical representa-
ton Of the effect OF cooling on milk.
A is a single bacterium: B shows
bacterial growth in "a hours with milk
kept at so degrees. At C is the fam
lily of a single bacterium after "a hours
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
Storiuo Water in Soil.

Ordinarily we must make the tC
soil capable of storing water. and n
lures chief method is through the US
Of decayed vegetation.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
What 8 the User

He-Do you know Poe's Raven?
She-Why. no. what's the matter
with him?-Club Fellow.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07

HE foremost scientists OF
the world have been
agreed for the last decade
that the crucial struggle
of humanity will not be
that of nations warning
for territory which each
envies the other. but will
be a colossal battle to
boo, f~o. l-.. -
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
MilkCooling Effect.

at 20 degrees. II is easy to see what
difference 20 degrees in tempera-
ture makes. At so degrees the null
duplication is five-fold, at 20 degrees
il is $50 fold.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07
Removing Obdurate Screw.

WcUHON4 SVS"eS SS'S"s
To remove an obdurate screw. apply
a redhot iron to the head for a short
time, the screwdriver being used i'm.
nediately while the screw Is hot
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-11-07

Moisture In subsoii.
Good subsoil always contains mo
Dr. less moisture.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-05

MoNDAY-Mr. Bagbys first musical morning. grand ballroom of
the Waldorf Astoria, II o'clock.
Mrs. Adrian H. Larkin, a luncheon at Sherrys for her daughter,
Miss Sarah Larkin.
Fair to aid the School and Home for Crippled Children, Wal.
dorf-Astoria, afternoon and evening.
Opening of the Biltmore Ice Gardens for the benefit of the
East Side Settlement House.
T~UESDAY-Mrs. Drexel Dahlgren. luncheon at Sherrys for Miss
Grace Bristed.
Mrs Ernest R. Adee. coming out reception for her daughter.
Miss Geraldine Fitzgerald Adee, Colony Club, 100 Madison
Avenue.
Mrs Clarence Winthrop Bowen. S East sixsy-,hird street, lunch
Mrs. Charles Astor Brsted, dinner and theatre party for Miss
Grace Bristed, Miss Sarah Penrose and Miss Dorothy Norris.
First of Miss ELEPHANTS subscription dinner dances, Sherryst
WEDNESDAY-Mrs. T. Hasted Myers, 50 West Fiftieth street,
luncheon for her niece. Miss Elizabeth Williams.
Mrs. Joseph Wood Cushman. SIS Madison avenue, coming out
reception for her daughter, Miss Mary Anerton Cushman.
Mrs J. Walter Wood. luncheon at Sherrys for her daughter
Miss Nathalie Wood. -
A. Tevis Kelley. to Emil Sshill. at the brides home, As East
Eighty second street.
THURSDAY-Dr. Henry A. Griffin. luncheon at Sherrys for his debu.
tante daughter. Miss Kate Griffin.
Mrs. George Flint Warren. Jrr ass West seventyhr's street.
coming out reception for Miss Isabel Meredith Warren.
Mrs. Frederick Esler. a luncheon at Sherrys for Mrs Charles
S Whitman.
: Wedding of Miss Lila Elizabeth Dielman. daughter of Fred
erick Dielman. to Murray Pichot corse. Church of the Ascen-
sion, go P. M.
duce her daughters, the Misses Adelaide and Aileen Sedgwick.
Mrs. J, Allen Townsend, as7 Madison Avenue. the d.nsans to
introduce her youngest daughter. Miss Marion Townsend.
Mrs. James Byrne. dance at sherry's for her daughter, Miss
Helen McGregor Byrne.
Neighborhood House, ballroom of the Ritz-Carlton, 9 p. M.
Bazaar to aid the Home for Homeless Boys Plaza q until
Dance of the St. Christopher League, to aid the Nursery and
Childs Hospital, Plaza. i
SATuRDAY-Mrs. Samuel Riker, zoo Madison avenue coming out
reception for Miss Frances Townsend Riker.
Mrs. John Clapperton Kerr, 1856 Central Park West. coming
out reception for Miss Helen Culver Kerr. -
Mrs, Gilbert Colgate, goo West Seventy sixth street, coming out
reception for Miss Grace Fl. Colgate.
Mrs. Nicholas F. Palmer. ea Fifth avenue, afternoon reception.
Repetition of "Th.lis" ballroom of the Ritz Carlton, afternoon
and evening.