davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

First publication May 12-4t).
Citation for Hearing on Petition for
Administration.
Estate of Randolph Ross.
State Of Minnesota, County of Kandi-
yohi, In Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Estate of Ran
dOlph Ross, Decedent
The State of Minnesota to all per-
sons interested in the granting of ad-
ministration of the estate of said de-
cedent: The petition of Thomas M.
Ross having been filed in this Court,
representing that Randolph Ross, then
a resident of the County of Clearwat-
er, State of Minnesota, died interstate
about two years ago; and praying that
letters of administration of his estate
be granted to R. w. Stanford and the
Court, having fixed the time and place
for hearing said petition: THERE
FORE, YOU AND EACH OF YOU, are
hereby cited and required to show
cause, if any you have, before this
Court at the Probate Court Rooms in
the Court House, in the City of Will
mar, in the County of Kandiyohi,
State of Minnesota, on the 9TH day of
June, 1915, at o'clock p. M, why said
petition should not be granted.
Witness, the Judge of said Court,
and the seal of said Court, this 18th
day Of May, 1915.
COURT SEAL) T. o. GILBERT,
Probate Judge.
R. w. STANFORD,
Attorney for Petitioner,
Willmar, MINI.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
Bids Wanted for Coal.


Sealed bids will be received by the
City Council of the City of Willmar
up to 8 o'clock in the afternoon on
May oath, 1915, for the furnishing of
fifteen hundred Q500) ton, more or
less, of Youghioghany dock run coal,
or it's equal. Such coal to be furnish
ed from time to time as the City may
order it up to May 1st, 1916. Bids must
state price per ton f. o. b. cars at Su-
perior, Wis.
All bids to be sealed, addressed to
the City Council and must be marked
IBID for Coal" and such bid to be &C.
companied by a certified check of
$500, payable to the City Treasurer of
Willmar.
The Council reserves the right to
reject any or all bids.
Dated Willmar, Mimi, May IL, 1915.
2 wks HANS GUNDERSON,
City Clerk.
WRITE TORNADO AND HAIL
insurance in the old reliable Liver
pool and London and Globe Insurance
Co. A. H. Brown, Willmar. 942
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
Bids Wanted for Grading Gorton

Bids Wanted for Grading Gorton
Avenue.
Sealed bids will be received by the
City Council of the City of Willmar
up to eight o'clock in the afternoon on
May oath, 1915, for the grading of
Gorton avenue between 9TH and 18th
streets in the First ward, City of
Willmar.
Such bids to state price for the job
complete, according to the plat and
profile, now on file in the office of the
undersigned
All bids to be sealed, addressed to
the City Council, and marked, IBID
for Grading Gorton avenue" and bid
must be accompanied by a certified
check of $500, payable to the City
Treasurer of Willmar.
The Council reserves the right to
reject any or all bids.
Dated Willmar, May 18th, 1915.
HANS GUNDERSON,
2Wks City Clerk
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
10 CENT "CAsCARETs"
IF BILIOUS OR COsTIVE
For Sick Headache, Sour Stomach,
Sluggish Liver and Boweis-They
work while you sleep.

Furred Tongue, Bad Taste, 1ndiges.
ton, Sallow Skin and Miserable Head
aches come from a torpid liver and
clogged bowels, which cause your
stomach to become filled with undi-
gested food, which sours and ferments
like garbage in swill barrel. That's
the first step to untold misery-indi-
gestion, foul gases, bad breath, yellow
skin, mental fears, everything that is
horrible and nauseating. A Cascaret
tonight will give your constipated
bowels a thorough cleansing and
straighten you out by morning. They
work while you sleep-a 1O-cent box
from your druggist will keep you feel.
ing good for months.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
One Of field's Jokes.

Edward Everett Hale greatly enjoy
ed Joke which was perpetrated on
him by Eugene Field. Field ceiebrat-
ed one of DR.. Hale's visits to Chicago
by giving luncheon in his honor and
inviting number Of prominent per-
sons to meet him. "Fieid was aware"
said DR.. Hale. that was q temper
ance man, and therefore l was some
what surprised to see that the table
on which the luncheon was served was
very abundantly supplied with bottles
labeled whisky Brandy and Cham.
pagne.' But when these bottles came
to be uncorked they were all found to
contain nothing bit water"-Chicago
Herald.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture
WEATHER BUREAU
Charles F. Marvin, Chief.

Weather Forecast for the Week Be-
ginning Wednesday, May IL, 1915, is
sued by the U. S. Weather Bureau,
Washington, D. C. For the Upper
Mississippi Valley and Plains States.
"GeneralIy fair weather is indicated
during the week, except that local
showers are indicated early in the
week over the extreme Northwest.
Temperatures will be moderate, with
rise Wednesday over the extreme
Northwest"
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

be and the same are hereby designat-
ed. as the polling places for the Spec
ial County election to be held on June
9TH, 1915, viz:
First Ward, "Seminary Hail." on
Nelson avenue between "B" and &C"
streets.
Second Ward, "City Hall and Fire
Station Building" No. 306 Sixth St.
Third Ward, "Salvation Army Hail."
No. 307 Third Street.
Fourth Ward, "Lincoln School
Building" corner Trott avenue and
Fourth street E.
Approved May 18th, 1915.
E. c.. WELL1N, Mayor.
J. E. Maloney made application for
the renewal of his license to sell Gig
arettes, which license expires May 13
next. The said application was grant
ed subject to the conditions of the
State Law.
| ]. o. Pladsen made application for
sewer permit for his residence on lot
4, Carlson's addition, to connect with
the sewer on End street East Jessie
ST., and August Norman for sewer
permit to connect new residence on
lot 10, block 2, in Spicer's addition,
with the 18th street East (Maude
street) sewer.
The said applications were granted
subject to the sewer regulations and
upon payment of the tapping fee.
The Sewer Committee, to whom was
referred the matter of application Of
A. J. Ekander for connecting his ware
house and garage on lot IA of 81. As
with the 3rd St. sewer preferred to
them at the last meeting), reported
that the said building was subject to
a tapping fee.
| Moved and seconded that the afore-
said application of Mr.. Ekander's be
granted subject to the sewer regula-
lions and upon payment of the $4,000
tapping fee. Carried.
Alderman Benson asked for permits.
sion to build sewer on West Benson
avenue, from manhole at intersection
of Benson avenue and 5th street and
thence west on said Benson avenue
approximately $50 feet to the west line
of lot S Of Block %, and that the City
contribute part of the cost for con
structing such sewer. The matter
was discussed.
Moved and seconded that the re-
quest be granted, that the City con
tribute $4,000 from the "Sewer Fund
for part of the expense of building
said sewer, and that the said sewer be
built according to the General sewer
j. plans under which sewers are con
structed, and under the supervision OF
the City Engineer, and said sewer tc
become the property of the City when
completed. Carried.
:, A petition for sidewalk on Benson
avenue East, from First street tt
, Sixth street East, signed by ]. P. Mad
ison, Peter 0. Bramvold, Mrs. Mary
> Magnuson and others was presented
and read, and the same was, on mo
,, ton, referred to the Street Commit
! tee.
The Street Committee was author
lied to have twenty cement stree
crossings built.
f acquisitions for supplies from thu
J, Water and Light Department were
} presented and the Clerk was instruct
J, ed to rider the same.
!. On motion the Council adjourned.
E. c. WELLIN, Mayor.
, Attest:
e HANS GUNDERSON,
| City Clerk.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
TERMINAL STOCK MARKETS.

South St. Paul, May 11-Beef
steers, $500 to 1925; butcher bulls,
$5.25 to $500; veal calves, $500 to
$500; butcher COWS and heifers,
$4.85 to $500; cutters and Gamers,
$500 to $3.50; hogs, $500 to $3.50;
lambs, $6.25 to $3.50; ewes, $500 to
$3.50. During past seven days the
receipts were 1887 cars bringing 1851
cattle, 1884 calves, 4O,171 hogs and
1927 sheep.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
FOR Observation-Disclosures

FOR MISCELLANEOUS
FOR SALE-One 1918 touring car.
one 1913 and one 1914 runabout. Paul
NJ. Peterson, Willmar. 927
FOR SALE-A good Overland tour.
Ing car in good running order. Car
be seen at 425 9th St. So. 915
EVERGREENS FOR SALE-Start
the windbreak now. Buy trees at
wholesale and save agents and deal
er's profits. Write for prices today.
D. E. Rodman, Portview, MINI. 964
FOR SALE|SEED CORN-TWo
good varieties, graded and tested. for
sale. White Dent and Silver King
No. Z, $3.50 per bushel. Samples st
Rudy Bros. & Smith, Willmar. v. T..
Berglund, Rt. 1, Pennock. $50
FOR SALE~Minnesota No. - seed
corn, guaranteed test IS per cent. $500
per bushel. Also Early Ohio potatoes
ct 75c per bushel. Sacks furnished.
John Ahlstrom, Spicer, MINI. 924
CONCRETE MIXERS FOR SALE
One Coltren continual mixer in good
condition; cost new $3.50, will sell for
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

Dr.. liver S. Benson, WilImar Hos
pitaI, at kandiyohi-office at Hotel.
Monday, Wednesday and Friday, 8 to
~ a. r1.-AdV.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
WILLMAR MARKET REPORTS
Corrected Wednesday mornino Nav ~
'eeted Wednesday Morning, May II.

3-4c; other grades Tic to u 1-4c.
Oats No. 3 White, 81 3-4c to 50 lac;
No. 3, SOC to so 1-2c.
Barley, CSC to 73c.
Rye, No. 2, $1.13 to $114.
Flax, $1.97 to $1.99; No. l to arrive,
$1.97 to $1.99.
Duluth, MIMI, May 1.-THE wheat
market was good.
No. 1 hard, on track closed at ST.
81 IL; No. Northern, on track, and
to arrive, $1.6O IL; No. 2, Northern,
on track, $1.53 IL to $1.56 IL; No. .
hard Montana, on track and to ar
rive, $1.59 IL; No. 1 Durum, spot and
to arrive, 1882 to $1.53; oats, spot,
81 SAC to 81 lac; to arrive, 81 SAC;
rye, spot and to arrive, Sill to $1.12;
barley, CSC to TAG; No. fax, spot
and to arrive, $2.O1.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

Sioux City, May 11-Hogs, $40 to
1925; beeves, $7.65 to 1925; COWS and
heifers, $50 to $3.50; stockers and
feeders, $500 to $40; calves and
yearlings, $3.50 to $3.50; feeding COWS
and heifers, $3.50 to $500.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

Chicago, May 11-Hogs, $500 to
$7.85; pigs, $5.25 to $500; native beef
steers, $3.50 to 1925; western steers
$500 to $3.50; COWS and heifers, $3.50
to $8.75; calves, $3.50 to $500; sheep
$7.75 to $3.50; lambs, $3.50 to $11.15.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
PASTURAGE.

PASTURAGE.
Can take twenty or thirty head Of
cattle and horses to pasture by month
or season. James f. Cox, Sec. 10,
Willmar, Twp, Willmar, Rt. 4. 914
NOTICE-Party who took bicycle
from south side of Peterson & Well
ms store Monday afternoon will
please return same at once. No ques-
lions will be asked and party will
avoid trouble. ALI. Gilbertson, Chief
of Police. 93S
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
TERMINAL GRAIN MARKETS.

1ERM1NAC GRAIN Markets.
Minneapolis, May 11-Closing cash
prices: Wheat No. 1 Northern $158-
1-8 to $1.62 So: to arrive, $1.58 IL 10
$1.62 So; No. 2 Northern, $1.53 5-8 to
$1.59 So; No. wheat, SLAB 1-8 to ST.
81 So; No. Durum, $155 to $1.57; to
arrive, $1.55 to $1.57; No. 2, Durum,
$1.51 to 1854.
Corn, No. 3, yellow, u 1-2c to r.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

FOR SALE-I have for sale, well
improved, partly improved and unim-
proved land in northwestern part of
Minnesota, near where have farmed
for twenty-five years. Prices range
from ten dollars and up on good
terms. Write or call on me for fur
Their particulars. A. H. Brown, Will
mar. qA1
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

LOST AND FOUND
FOUND-A Stout Institute pin. Call
at this office. 943
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

GENUINE BARGAINS-If you are
looking for such in city property OF
improved farms in Kandiyohi county.
do not fail to call at the Office and
look over the large list of properties
now for sale by Thorpe & Rykken.
WillmAr, MINI. 414
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

HOUSES FOR SALE-On the In
stallment plan. II interested in buy
ing house it will pay you to call Al
our once and get full particulars. An
derson Land Co., Willmar, Mime
eCta. 63E
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

LEARN DRESSMAKING and Lad
'es' Tailoring at Keister's Ladies' Tail
)ring College. We teach patternmak
ing, designing, cutting, fitting and
sewing. Old postoflce h Hiding, Will
mar, III
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12
REAL ESTATE.

FOR SALE-A new seVen-roon,
house with acre lot. Inquire Trib.
une. 57a
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

FOR SALE-Half acre lots on l5tl
s.. So. Easy terms. D. w. McLaugh
lin. on
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

FOR SALE+SeVen room house
electric lights. city water. cistern;
cheap. at 314 Lake Ave. Thorpe 4
Rykken. u,
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

WANTED-More listings Of farms
residences and business blocks. Make
your prices attractive and we will
ind you buyers. Kandiyohi County
Land Co., office on Fourth street,
north of POstOf1ce. 66e
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

FOR SALE-My fine residence
property at 172 East Litchfleld Ave.,
Willmar. All in good condition. Terms
to suit purchaser if reasonable. Cal
and examine. John H. Styles, Will
mar, MINI. 9O8
NORTHERN MINNESOTA LANDS
-$1z.60 to $500 per acre; 81 per
acre cash, balance on easy terms at
Per cent. For further particulars cal!
at our ONCE or write Anderson Land
Co., Willmar, MINI. ESQ
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

FOR SALE-Six room house, city
water, sewer and electric lights, goot
barn, room for auto and team. Price
$2,950 if taken soon. Inquire at 61S
Sixth street. 81,
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

NEW ADDING MACHINE for sale
at Tribune Office. Have used one for
two years and know it's good. Cost
VerV reasonable
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

FOR SALE-Frame building 20x7(
feet. Will sell half or any part want
ed. Also have some dirt Tor sale. In.
Quire Ben Benson. $40
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1915-05-12

FOR SALE-70 acre farm with
buildings, near Willmar. Thirty acres
of same can be sold in five or ten acre
tracts. Write or call on owner, Ottt
Johnson, Rt. 5, Box S, Willmar, Min.
nes0ta. 1922
Bismarck daily tribune., 1915-10-24
The Magazines
RED BOOK.

This certainly is the golden age for
the writer of fiction. A few years
ago, magazines depended on such
features as their undertaking articles
to lure readers, but these days it is
the quality of fiction offered which de.
termines the circulation. Perhaps
tais is because the public is being sa-
iiated with serious news by the war
dispatches in the newspapers; at any
rate, those magazines which are print
ing the greatest amount Of material
designed to enable one to forget sober
issues like the war, are showing the
greatest growth. OF the allfction
publications, The Red Eook Magazine
has established class for itself The
reason is apparent from study of the
current issue-the November issue.
There are three serials, by Rupert
Hughes, Meredith Nicholson and Gil
bert Parker, any one of which would
have been considered an unusual
neadliner short time back, and
twelve short stories. The leading
feature among these is story by j.
IN. iBarrie-it's just the sort of whim-
steal bit of. humor you'd nope Barrie
might write; and in addition you
find short stories by James Oliver
Curwood Maude Radford Warren, Al
bert Payson Terhune, Walter Jones,
Ellis Parker Butler, Ray Sprigle, L.
]. Beeston, and others equally we'll
known.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1915-10-24
such q, : prosperous. and progressive
Collection Agency Important.


such - : prosperous |FsP ROY ana progressive
town. 3..fs.3jr ait,
Linton has, ! good + schools. three
churches Two .nc;at;a. .na ,.a.s.
3. ,s..e.s,,ss ioueee'
oonools ,l's ahu caurcnes are great fac.
tors y IN making good towns and com.
munities. All kinds of business are
well represented and ho.t - -,
~ r,,h,.,,, = ,,..:- - - s. :. e"'
a.eisoouy =, II BUSINESS IS prosperous.
me country IS what makes town.
and the country around Linton cannot
be surpassed. TIE twenty dollar land
in this country produces twice az
much AZ the eighty dollar land in the
eastern states. aasts
Linton has three GENERAL stores. ona
drug store. two meat markets. a cou-
pie OF private lighting systems to fur
nish the town With electric light and
at the present time the town officers
have plans under way to put In a city
Bismarck daily tribune., 1915-10-24
KNOW YOUR TOWNl
Rsne dtpartsnt by Club for pos
81 MAXI itself.

J. There Is IN Bismarck an institution
one Of the five or six largest Of il
nature in America which annual.
spends in Bismarck in salaries, wage
| and the purchase Of supplies and ma
terials s$t5G0aA This concern has !;
permanent investment Of 100000 Il
Bismarck, and it furnishes regular
employment here; to SO, and a hveli
mood, using a family Of four as th.
] standard % eco. Often there are 1Ol
4 or mere ION its payroll lis an asse
Of which any city may be proud. Il
came without any flourish of trumpets
i and it has remained and grown, ani
/ is continuing to grow, without any
effort to- Attract undue attention to
Itself. AZ. (, I. u
The International Harvester CO. Of
America established a general agency
/ in Bismarck in 1907. Prior to tina,
time the business had been handled
through Fargo, but the demands of
this territory had become SO neayy
that they. could ,be satisfied only by
maintaining a general organization
here. gs8,9 n; sys$f;
The Bismarck agency was estab-
lished under H. j. Geierman, in the
best quarters then available, and re-
manned isialais charge until MS death
inl9l0. Waen he, was succeeded by r.
g; ABattey, who came here July 4 of
that Year From ,Minot.- The same
year the company. erected, All a cost
of $4,000, a modern, four.story and
basement brick building on its site
at 2 fMAin street, giving the Bis
.,marrk generaltagency one of the most
complete plants in the northwest. Tie
structure is 80 by 98 feet: is pract;-
,.cally freproof, and has a storage ca
pacity for 10 cars OF material. Ii.
Office equipment, storage facilities and
ma chinery for the convenient nan
ding Of the lcompany's products, the
plant is thoroughly -to-the-minute,
and It has made possible the large
volume Of business which is now pass
ing through this agency.
4 This year the Bismarck general
agency has handled over 800 carloacs
81 goods, breaking all fornler records,
and the prospects for banner years
business in 1916 are excellent. The
company has purchased increased
and has plans prepared for
extensive additional warehouse facili-
ties adjoining tae present plant, great
gains in trade having rendered larger
quarters necessary. Actual constrlc-
ton work will 4be commenced as soon
as conditions are considered favor.
able. 1t will mean q. further slID-'
stantial investment in Bismarck's 'fu-
Bismarck daily tribune., 1915-10-24

85Si sip }tstIiI56Iss .,I., .y@g3.
emperor in person at their mead, de.
stermined to purge Russia ,of the In
vadeT forever if it take q generation.
There is, as as q matter of fact, more
unity Of understa nding and confidence
among the ALLIES at this moment
than there is among the Germans
themselves. ..Esl.a .s,.sst. .,s.s i.
s Central Empires Field. . I.
"The central empires have failed in
both their attempts. Where then Is
their victory over the Russians?
Though lacking sufficient munitions
to undertake an offensive along the
line, we can still harry the Germans,
atf the very least Every day we con-
tribute our part to the process Of Sub
traction which is the secret Of the
final victory. And this method is
really more effective towards tae tinal
ydesideratum Of the war than 9 mere
technical triumph. !. For the purpose
Of the war Is to finish with militarism
for good and all. To do that, the
victory of the Allies must be abso-
lutte; we cannot parley with the mill.
tary crowd in Germany they nave
got to. be got rid of. AS the war is
being fought, victory may he a long
way OFF yet, but every day some Of
the military crowd in Germany and
Austria are being got rid Of. The
longer the process goes on, the more
surely is militarism done with. And
that's what we want.
Even ill., Russia?
&, Most Of all in Russia. Russia needs
peace, Nrsh colossal internal indus.
.triats development which is scarcely
compatible with an immense military
establishment forced upon us by the
turbulence of our neighbors. We
need our men to dig in our mines,
to plough our fields, to lay our rail.
roads, to work in our factories. The
living hell of militarism ID that one
single military power in group OF
peaceful nations can force all the
,rest to become military powers
whether they will or not. Well, we
have all been chased by that German
military nightmare too long; we are
going to stop it.
"You remember what happened In
mathematics when you sMbtracted
from given subtrahend the sum OF
geometric progression? Well, that is
what is happening in Europe now. AS
for Russiae-you may say that Russia
is absolutely united and absolutel;
sure
Bismarck daily tribune., 1915-10-24
IN i3,47 4sl.a 8 - 2 u.
lin ] ON
3 4 Booming Place OF 1000; Every
4 Merchant and Citizen 4 astlive One"

10 a Booming Place OF 1000; Every
8 Merchant and Citizen q .'live One"
Linton. the terminus of the Linton
branch of the Northern Pacific rail-
sway.sins the central part Of Emmons
county, and the county seat of En-
mons county, just SO miles from Bis
marck, has been made one Of the best
towns in North Dakota because of it's
location. Linton also has very good
railroad connections with the terri
tory south of it as the. Milwaukee
road runs in from Aberdeen, s. D.,
and consequently brings in a great
amount Of business from northern
South Dakota.
The country tributary to Linton has
never had 1 crop failure or anything
which could be classed as q short
crop. The farmers have raised large
crops, have been able to pay their
bills, improve their homesteads, buy
more land and enjoy prosperity in
every way. That's why Linton is
Bismarck daily tribune., 1915-10-24
A REAL TEST.


W1oman's suffrage will be given {
supreme test when New York, Penn
sylvania and Massachusetts vote OF
the issue next month. These states
include 20N0O,Ooo people, or a fifth
OF the nations population. They also
nave double the poplation Of the
states in wlich the experiment has
ibeen tried.
r The results will go far to determine
ing for years the attitude Of the Am.
erican public on votes for women.
Results in these states will also show
whether 1t is the male or female in.
fluence that is withholding the ballot
from women. The Tribune has always
insisted that it is the latter.