davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09
COMES FOR l
DAvI6SSvUHii| h
San Francisco Officer
Says Detroit Suspect
Robbed Old Lady

LANSING. Mich, Dec. Of. a
McGrath. San Francisco dctcct1c|
appeared before Gov. Ferris O.
morning an drequested tho exteo
tion Of George Roy Davidsoa. -
arrest In Detroit. Z. I, a
McGrath says DAvidsoa 60
a check for 36.000 fFom . ~
old lady Of San rranctooos
used In e6uNassssg heatAen -
then says Mconehs poS,0o
turned "a loote4 ~ 49,
oad ~ ee&sr - ~ -
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09
BANDITS GET
$4,000 HAUL
Hold Up Chicago
Branch of Prudential
Life Insurance Co.

CHICAGO. Dec. 9.--Bandits who
held up the cashier OF the Pruden-
tial Life Insurance Co.'S branch Of
fice in West North-avc. today, are
reported to have escaped with $s.-
600.
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09
SEIZE No
MORE. SHIPS
Britain Yields to u. s.
Request Pending
Settlement
by UNITED PRESS.

wAsHINGTON, Dec. s.--The Brit
ish government has acceded to the
American request that no more
American transatlantic line vessels
he seised. pending the action OF q
prize court in the casee Of the Hook.
inG. oenesee and Kankakee. accord.
ing TO advices to state department
today from Ambassador Page, In
London.
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09
Snow Turns 10 Blizzard.

PHILADELPHIA. Pa, Dec. -
Miss Bessie Snow met George Biz.
zard here one hot July night and
recently eloped with Blizzard 10
Elkton. Md. News OF the marriage
came out today.
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09
coNsrANTiNoPLE txva. &

coNeTANT1NopLE (vla.
stsrdasnl, Dec. o.--ln sce0o1
elases~weal- -tssv~spe spevv4teW9r(
leh. Turklsh advance eele6
havs rsaeisd ehsiieir eead5
few mlIes from the British bao0
at kut-EI-Amara. 81
I'VE continue to harrase t)D0'
enemy's retreat" saId todayfo!
official statement. 'punishInk
some enemy columns attempting
to escape. We have captured SO
camels." "
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09
Greece Thrown
Upr0ar by News c.
Retirement
ENTENTE HINTS
IMPORTANT NOV
Tremendous Decis&
By War C0uncll d
Is Forecasted
BY UNITED PRESS.

PARIS, Dec. s.---A deeleloa 4
the srsstsst Importance
reached at the fs9rth 60
OF the aIIiss' war council c.
u 10 understood. Ne antpo
ment has bssn made thuo
In view Of ysstsrday'e dl
slons, u 10 generally to)l<
the Allied rsprsse ntatlvoo
reached IN s0rsement - q
future conduct OF military n
fairs In the saIkans. 81
England, Z high Frenol8
hciai hinted 70 the United pfG
yesterday. favored che lsWuyG
ate Withdrawal Of the Alltod ~
pedItlonary forces from oof< -
Gen. Jomre was understood n
oppose this action and o. r
supported strongly BY Gen. q
Insky, Rvssia's rsprsssnta(lx
In the war council. q
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09
BY UNITED PRESS.

ZURICH, Dec. s.-The Nuoo
Rumanlan frontier statten 4
Ungsnl and the harbor at llu
have been closed, according
Bucharest dispatches to11I
Thousands Of Russian tree
are arriving 1t both fro011
towns. The RussIans are, G(
playing the greatest aotjNi4
esesarabia. Z a
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09

Genn Alvaro obregon. tho one
armed Mexican hero, has wen a
bride. Mis Hr,;encia Tapia. daugh-
ter OF a Wealthy Hermosillo ranch
er. the affair having tegun before
the revolution and been kept warm
by frequent visits throughout the
troubled times.
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09
u. S. Sends Note
FOrestalling Vienna
Explanation
COMMUNICATION
is HOTTEST YET
Fate of Oil Steamer
COmmunipaw Is
Still Uncertain
BY UNITED PRESS.

ROME, Dec. 9.-Conflietinp
reports reached the American
embassy today regarding the
American tank steamer Cum
munipaw, at first said to have
been sunk by a submarine.
Commanders 81 an italian tor
edo boat and Of a Greek steam
er which answered the Cummun-
ipaw's distress signals reported
to the embassy that the steam
er probably" had been captur-
ed. They said they found nei-
ther survivors, wreckage or
traces of oil. The embassy had
no confirmation Of this report,
nor Of another story that the
Communipaw was sheIIed but e.
capped.
Half the tanker's oil cargo
was discharged at Genoa. II 10
presumed the rest was aboard
when she encountered a SUBJ
marine.
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09

The street trees Of Paris number
$4,000. $4,000 being planes. 10000
chestnuts, and $4,000 elms,
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09

= S.1s r;sSs@fs.s: Sss | DsssIn:i. s sssc.
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09

rss:s,.s.sns 2I:,; .s:s ..sS-snss
The Detroit times., 1915-12-09

PvirtinR-the plain rest kiud--thst
o. right--Times Job Dept.-Msin t570.
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

ferred his company 10 the man VINO
had drawn her as his lady love" on
the other hand, the men were ex-
pected to be especially attentive 10
the girl whose name he had drawn,
and she In turn was compelled TO wear
his badge on her sleeve during the
coming year. In many instances the
couples were married before the year
was over. This custom died out be-
cause there were SO many ways of
beating the game" by marking the
papers or twisting them IN certain
ways. Pretty soon each man began
to draw exactly whom he wished and
everybody knew that it was not lot
terry at all, so this mode Of celebra-
tion passed into history.
During the fifteenth century It was
a custom TO deck the houses with
greens, the decorations often being
more elaborate than that OF Christ
mas. In Kent. England, even today
the girls stll burn a holly boy Ca
candle wreathed with holly as a to-
ken of love 20 some young man who
in answer burns an ivy girl Ga can
die wreathed with ivy.)
During Shakespeare time ST. Val
entine's Day was the heggars' harvest
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

war, which was little more than q
skirmish when compared with th'
present struggle. and il makes one
shudder to think OF what the waste
Of animals will be before the dawn %
peace. Next TO man. the horse is the
greatest victim OF this awful con-
fict.
The Purple Cross.
The Society OF the Purple Cross
a society which was organized To m'n
ister TO the needs of animals, Is AZ
present trying to obtain permission
from the different nations 20 be AL
lowed TO send veterinary surgeons aa1
"A horse ambulance 20 the haiiieiielns
for the purpose OF putting an end 30
the sufferlugs Of the poor woundea
animals that have contributed their
share OF the sacrifice FOR some couu-
try. England is willing TO grant the
privilege and has asked the other pow
ers TO extend the terms Of the Gene a
Convention and protect the Purple
cross as well as the Red Cross 'a
their work.
The world will endorse such 2
movement, for all hearts must 90 OUT
10 TINS AAANAAANA AnAAAAff NffN ~ -" "-D
nal from his rider rushes up TO the
blazing cannon Just as freely as ns
scampers over green field. Germans
English, Russians and French are all
alike to him. die fights and dies for
the man who rides him. lie belongs
TO all mankind. serving -hem faithfully
in peace and war, and this is the way
they treat himl Surely the powers
will grant this accomplishing dumb
beast nj least a painless release from
his sufferings.
Those whose line OF duty takes them
on the field after battles declare Una.
the hopeless agony OF the Wounue"
horses. maddened by pain, careerinS
over the battle-ground, and the piufui
look in the eyes OF the helpless AMI
mails with broken legs which lie about
the fields dying from starvation' Is
pathetic beyond description
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

Lottery" soon became a thing Of the
past. However. the inmates Of many
Christian homes thought IL a beau
tful idea and on each Valentines
Day they went through the lottery and
drew out the name of saint. This
custom was IN vogue up to the be-
ginning of the nineteenth century,
when it fell into disuse.
Curious English Customs.
During the early part of the sew
enteenth century a curious kind Of
Valentine drawing was revived In
England. These took place on ST.
Valentines eve after the young folks
had gathered at a public hall. The
guests were made up OF an equal
number OF young men and maidens.
When the entire party assembled the
girls wrote their names on slips of
paper and cast them into a box. The
young men did the same. using an
other box. Then each person drew
out a name. the young women drawing
from the mems box and vice versa.
OF course, each man drew a girls
name. consequently they each had two
valentines. According TO the custom
the girl paid no attention to the man
whose name she drew unless she pre-
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

IN Oxfordshlre where chill
dren went about singing to everyone
they met;
''Good morrowl tits Saint Valentine;
First Ills yours, thcp 'tis mine,
So please give me a Valentine"
In other parts OF England young
women and men used to mask and
go In procession from house to house
singing beneath the windows:
Good morrow 90 you, Valentine!
Curl your locks as ! do mine
Two before and three behind.
Good morrow 20 you, Nalcntinc!"
People then threw them pieces of
money which they used TO purchase
Sweets" for the repast az the Valen-
tine ball held on tho night OF the
fourteenth of February. These balls
were great social events and were held
by people Of various classes, each hav-
ing a different dancing hall.
Origin of Comic Valentines
The comic valentine which was 40
popular twenty-five years ago. orlgi-
mated IN Norwich, England. and was
the evolution OF what was known as
the dark package" Just after sun
down on ST. Valentines eve boys used
TO rush about the village streets car
rying packages wrapped In brown pa
per These they would deposit ON the
doorsteps Of different houses and after
knocking on the door they would run
away AS these dark packages" We're
expected everybody inside the house
was on the qui vive and when the
knock was heard certain mem
ber OF the family was delegated tC
bring in the valentine" IL wa,
at once opened and examined b,
everybody amid the widest excite
ment. Some times It was a box o
candy. a mum, pretty picture, o
Il might be a bunch Of onions. AM
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

ing. but unfortunately few except the
Russians have become proficient In
the work, and the horses suffer In con.
sequence In 1866 the Prussians
pressed the retreating Austrians so
closely that neither nation had time
for shoeing mounts. This resulted In
an immense amount OF lameness and
even death among the animals. In
the Civil War the shoeing Of both
armies was in a dcplorable condition.
and IL was no uncommon thing TO see
a soldier leading a limping horse TO
the nearest shoeing place whilst from
his saddle dangled tho hoofs Of a dead
horse which he had cut off for the
sake OF the shoes. At that time shoes
were used over and over.
Training Horses.
Training horses for battle is not al
ways an easy task. for some animals
absolutely refuse TO go in a circle.
while others will not take ditch.
There Is still another class which
never get over the fear of shots and
rear about at the sound of gun in
such a way as TO throw their riders.
A horse Of this type Is a disturbing
element and one likely TO cause a
stampede Then again, horses are
found that arc veritable soldiers, Tor
they will plunge into the thickest OF
the fight and often become almost un-
controllable in their mad dash at ths
enemy
A number Of incidents are recorde,
OF horses standing guard over tho
bodies OF their dead masters. Thi
Red Cross workers recently cami
across an example Of this on one q
the French battlchelds. They wer
attracted by a riderless horse standing
alone among the dead and wounded
and as they approached the anima
put his head down, touching the mai
who was lying in front Of him gently
as il TO awaken him. The Red eros
: man found that the rider. Germai
officer. had been lifeless for some time
When those whose duty IL is 10 dis
pose Of the dead came on the seen
and lifted the dead officer to IN
wagon and started for the trencl
where they were burying the sol
diers. the horse followed his mas
ter's body TO the grave. tn
faithful animal was later turned owe
TO the French army. AS large mum
ber Of officers went into battle oi
their own riding horses stories illus
trating the devotion OF the horse e
it's master will an volumes before tn
war ends.
More than four hundred thousand
horses we're expended" IN the Boe
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

AT Waterloo In a regiment Of artil-
lery of the English army SAT men and
S34 horses were killed. while the cav
airy loss OF several regiments combined
was 4.O4O men and 4,73S horses. Dur
ing the Franco Prussian war for every
one hundred cavalrymen killed and
wounded one hundred and thirteen
horses were so disabled that they
died. while for every one hundred ar
one hundred and thirty
three horses were killed.
Weights Carried BY Cavalry Mounts.
The weight carried by the cavalry
horse OF the different nations Of the
present war varies considerably. con-
sequently captured horses In many in
stances have to be fitted In by the
victors I'm an entirely different ca
pacity from that for which they were
originally used. The regular Russian
calvary are armed with sword, rifle
and bayonet and forty rounds of am
munition. two days rations for the
rider and two days rations for the
horse, q cloak. an entrenching tool,
spare horse shoes, horse blanket, a
canvas bucket and a mess tin. The
whole equipment weighs about two
hundred and nineteen pounds.
The Indian troop horse when ready
for war has two hundred and thirty
six pounds Of equipment packed on
his back. The German, French and
Austrian horses are Weighted down
with from two hundred and ninety to
three hundred and ten pounds. The
British cavalryman has his rife, con-
tanning ten rounds. his sword-carried
by al ranks except signallefs. and
Evening journal., 1915-02-13
O1S oC mo %ez1@~1Is7S6~
S(-L02s5 -252

sender Of these impolite missives was
learned the lover OF the fair recip-
lent usually gave the man who sent
the valentine a sound thrashing.
The so-called comic valentines soon
reached the United States and for
quarter OF century or more thou
sands OF people received ugly. gro-
tesque pictures supposed to represent
the one who received them, engaged
In his or her particular business
There was generally piece of poetry
under the picture describing the char
acter OF the person shown above u.
These valentines caused no little dis
turbance often resulting IN the break
ing of friendships Of long standing.
Happily, the day OF comic valentines
Is past, and today flowers. beautiful
cards. candy and lewelry sometimes
tucked away In an artificial rose arc
among the things sent.
French Artistic.
The valentines exchanged by tho
French have always been artistic.
while the verses are the most pas
sionnte poems OF love- Usually they
were sent by messenger who also caf-
ried a bunch az flowers far she sessG=
lady with the card. The cards nfe
always enclosed I'm an envelope ana
sealed with heart shaped red wax
Across the heart are such Inscriptions
as "Evor Thine" or Thine TIL
Death"
Poets OF different ages have writ
] ten poems of Valentines Day or have
referred to it In different parts OF their
plays As early as the fourteenth cen-
] tury n poem was written by l.ydgate
| In praise OF Catherine. wife OF Henry
v. Sir Walter Scott IN his "rair Maid
| OF Perth" tells Of Valentine woolns
The immortal Shakespeare, too hon
ors the day when he has Opholi8
sing.
"Good morrow, Ills 81. Valentine,
All In the morn bctlmc.
And I maid az your window
To be your valentine"
Again. In Mid Summer Night
Dream" one OF the characters calls;
, Good morrow, friend. ST. valen,ln
3 is past,
e Begin these wood-birds but to coupl
q now"
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

on several occasions Il Is recorded that
dead cats were sent by,rejected lovers.
All packages bore tho Initials q. NJ.
V. (Good morrow, valendne.) After
number OF years this custom wore
out and sealed letters took the place
OF packages. First they were delicate
little picture cards not unlike the vail
ontine cards Of today except that they
bore such mushy verses as
''rhc rose Is red,
The yiolc;'s blue.
The pink is sweet
And 50 are you"
"What can say or send Go prove
The constancy OF my loyc2"
"Can pen or ink ON paper show
My fixed and pure Affection nOw?"
These were sent by the accepted
I lover, but the ones who failed TO find
favor with the young lady began ts
send ugly carlcatures bearing insult.
ing verses. This led to disagroeabl'
scenes, for where the names OF thi
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

healing the son OF Grafton, the rheto-
rician. A year later the healer was
choked to death on fish bone. In
due course of time he was canonized
and became known as the saint who
took under his particular patronage
persons suffering from epilepsy, and
people who were afflicted with this
malady. especially Italians and Ger
mans, prayed to him for relief.
Away back IN the days OF the pa
gans the classic Lupercalia was cele-
brated in honor of Pan and Juno.
sometimes being known as the Juno
Februta. Many writers who have
searched the pages Of history for the
origin OF this true lovers day declare
that our Valentines Day is merely
the Christianized form OF the old Ro-
man feast. Others declare that the
birds choose their mates on February
fourteenth and that from this fact
came the custom OF young men and
maidens choosing valentines on that
day. While this is a pretty sentiment
it Is hardly so plausible as the one
declaring it to be a form of the old
Lupercalia.
Loves Lottery.
So, in describing the observances or
old Valentine customs a brief sketch
Of one particular part OF the feast
should be included This was known
as Loves Lottery" The student in
history is familiar with the fact that
everything done in Ancient Rome was
carried out on a grand scale. and this
part Of the Lupercalia observance was
no exception. At that time hundreds
of young women (debutantes) ap-
peared wearing their best clothes.
They sat in rows OF flower bedecled
chairs while their names were put into
box. These names were then drawn
out by the young men. As each man
drew a name he sought out the girl
and led her out for a dance. The rest
of the evening was spent In games Of
/ forfeit and I'm love-maklng. Human
nature was the same in those days as
It is today and after awhile the unde-
sirable element crept In and the be-
havior OF some OF the couples led TO
so many scandals In Roman society
that the Christian clergy tried to sup
press the whole affair Not being able
to do this they did succeed in putting
an end to the lottery. although the
feast of dancing, wine drinking and
love making continued. The men OF
the church persuaded the authorities
to substitute the name of a saint in
stead of a living being, and wher
the young men drew out the name
he was urged to pray to that particu
lar saint during the coming year
While perhaps it did put an end I,
some of the disgraceful scenes !
proved a failure, for the young mer
after a year or two declared the,
preferred flesh and blood to saint
and they refused to have anything
{ TO do with the feast and the Lover
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

transport animals. But this is not
surprising. for they seem to have made
d study of everything else pertaining
to warfare. Their horses are driven
on a sort of schedule unless in retreat
and are rested at certain intervals,
and woe TO the driver who fails TO
follow instructions.
More Animals Killed Than Men.
Naturally, more animals are killed
than men when the cavalry and artil-
lery are under IRE, due 20 the fact
that ths horse presents larger target
than the man. Many cavalrymen havo
been known TO survive two. three or
four mounts Statistics Of horses
killed in battle bring out some queer
facts For instance, in fixed artillery
target more horses are killed than
men. and the same thing applies to
a moving cavalry. When the cavalry
is exposed TO severe and concentrated
fire as in a charge the proportion of
men and horses hit Is about the
same. These statistics. however, have
exceptions. as several cases are re-
corded where the number of horses
disabled was considerably in excess of
the men. This is explained by mill
itary men as due TO the nervousness
of the infantrymen who prefer 10
shoot at the largest target or for the
reason that a horse breaking into a
square is much more TO be feared than
the bullet from the rifle OF his rider
and is therefore selected as the OBJ
iect aimed at In a hand TO hand
fight. where lanccs and bayonets are
used the loss Of men and horses is
about equal.
Evening journal., 1915-02-13
NIAGARA's POWER.

wA IAGARA FALLS can generate
IN fully 1--WE million horsepower
~ but only five and one-half per
cent. OF it is being utilized. or TINS over
one hundred and TWEEN s-siX thousanu
horse-p power Is used in electro-chem'-
cal processes, ifty-siX thousand horse
power for railway service. thirteen
thousand horsepower fer transmit
ting many miles of power plants. and
one hundred and forty-five thousand
horse power is used by factories close
by ths Falls on both sides ~ the river.
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

revolver is also part Of his equip
ment Besides this each trooper car
ries one hundred rounds OF ammuni-
tion IN bandolier slung over his
left shoulder, and ration for both
man and horse. The Lancer regiments
have lance added TO the equipment
the whole outfit Weighing about two
hundred and eighty pounds.
Naturally, these heavy weights are
apt to cause sore backs among the
mounts. The only remedy for this is
tightening the load carried and treat
ing and padding the sore places. The
German cavalry horses are particu-
larly susceptible TO this owing TO tho
heavy weight carried. and number,
captured by the Allies were found Il
be suffering from this cause. Tha
the Germans had tried to cure M
animals was shown from the fact tina
the sore spots were under treatment.
Horses are often neglected durinl
retreats and hundreds Of them di
from exhaustion, lack Of food or from
eating immature green food whicl
they find for themselves. Napoleon
in his retreat from Waterloo lost man,
Of his horses by their eating whea
and rye. It is recorded they died II
great agony.
Defective Shoeing.
Defective shoeing, too. is anothe
cause Of the death of horses in wa
time, and the armies OF today have fl
a measure prepared for this. The Rus
sian cavalryman carries shoes for hi
horse and II necessary can shoe hi
mount himself-in fact. horseshoeinl
is a part OF every cavalryman's train
Evening journal., 1915-02-13

dollars per head. According 10 the
regulations of the United States horses
can be shipped only on vessels which
are equipped with pens and ventia-
tors Of a certain size and kind. Sew
erai Of the steamship companies have
found il profitable to convert their
decks and holds into horse carriers
and are rushing these dumb beasts
to their death in that awful European
slaughter house with all possible
speed.
May BE Robbing Our Cavalry.
This shipping OF horses in such great
numbers presents a serious problem
TO the Quartermaster's Department Of
the United States army as the Depart
ment is now compelled 10 pay an adj
vance of seventeen dollars per head
over last years price for young horses
which will be unfit for use for two
years If this wholesale selling Of
horses to foreign countries continues
It is feared that il will be impossible
TO obtain enough mounts for our own
army during the present year.
The size Of the artillery horse Is
OF the greatest Importance and one
used for pulling light battery artillery
must be fifteen and one-half hands in
height and weigh not less than one
! thousand and seventy-hve pounds. A
wheeler's height must be sixteen and
one-half hands and his weight in the
neighborhood Of thirteen hundred and
/ thirty pounds.
Military experts declare that reck-
/ less driving and improper feeding XIII
more horses than bullets In war. as
hundreds OF the poor beasts are driven
until they die Of exhaustion. One vet
erinarlan recently declared that the
life OF cavalry or artillery horse is
pleasant as compared with that of
the transport animal who suffers with
sore back. is often half starved and
beaten by a vicious. incompetent
driver. Animals are killed by the
hundreds at the front while the trans
port horses are killed by the thou
sands. often suffering agony for weeks
before death comes 10 their relief.
The Germans have made a special
study OF handling their artillery and