The Monticellonian., 1915-11-18

EE bY the fluSSldHS Just dltCi 1ui7
 W garia entered the war, is situ-
 ated in the North, near the present boundary of Roumania, on the Bay of Varna, eapaeious, sheltered inlet of the Black sea, says the Ma tional Geographical society bulletin. It is connected by rail with all Of the important regions of the country which 1t has long served as prlncl- pal outlet. It possesses an incom- parably finer harbor than Dedeagatch, the Aegean port of Bulgaria, from whose development so much future ad- vantage is expected. It lies within easy steaming distance of Russia naval port Sebastopol, being about 300 miles distant.
 The port is the third city of the kingdom, ranking after Sofia and Phil ippopolis, and it has been strongly fortified. It has played an important part in Bulgaria's military history, as the chief point in the so-called "Varna quadrilateral," which formed the basis of Bulgarias defense toward the north and east before the loss Of Dobrudja to Roumania after the treaty of Bucharest. The qnadrilat= eral was composed of Varna, Shumla, Rustchuk and Silistria. Silistria is now well within the Roumanian from tier. close upon the Danube. Rustchuk, Shumla and Varna now form a tri- angle of Actresses, stretched along the northeastern Bulgarian frontier
 Varna is 325 miles by rail east northeast of Sofia, the capital. It Is connected with Rustchuk, in the north west, and with Sofia, i'll the west, by trunkline railways. while branches connect it with central and southern parts of the kingdom. The railway from Rustchuk was opened in 1867, and with it's coming began th1 ettys prosperity. Bu.gas. south of Varna. has given it strenuous competition during recent years.
 Built on a lilly Shore.
 The city is built on the hi'ly north ern shore of the bay. which. besides offering peculiar facilities for defense. ludhtS It ftAs Pk1tditsda1s Eas AN' foot the River Deyna cuts through the mountains to the sea. and all around the hills shut in the valley and the port Despite considerable modern ef- fort at improvement, the city plainly shows it's age. and it's irregular. ill- paved streets, lined with outworn buildings. breathe the peace of a for gotten valley. Several industries, however. have penetrated to the city. and modern restlessness and modern smartness stand just before. as the prosperity of the kingdom and of it's first port grows. Varna has a popu- lation of about 3S,000.
 Dairy products, grains. cattle, dressed meats. lamb and goat skins, and a rough cloth are the principal exports of the place, and it's imports are chiefly petroleum. coal. iron and iron ware, machinery, textiles and chemicals. It does an annual business of nearly s4,000,000, and is visited dur ing the year by about 1.000 ships of an aggregate of 100000 tons. The largest number of these vessels are Bulgarian. while Austria Hungary has been represented by the largest ton mage. There are tanneries, cloth fac tories and distilleries in the city. Near by. among the hills. is the sum mer palace of the king.
 Dedeagatch on the Aegean.
 Dedeagateh. which the British and French ships shelled, is the port upon the Aegean sea to which the Bull garians pin some of their brightest hopes for a rich commercial future. A free outlet to the Aegean and the Mediterranean was something long coveted by Bulgarian statesmen, who felt that their foreign trade would first begin with their requirement of 8 port upon the open sea. In Dedeagatch the patriotic natives see a future New York, a Balkan London, and the DOS session of this harber appears to them one of the greatest benefits of their war with Turkey. Bulgarian products. from altar of roses to grain and hides. are soon to leave for the worlds cen tral markets in Bulgarian boats from Bulgarian port.
 Holding their port so important. 1t Is small wonder that the Bulgarians felt the loss of the railway through Adrianople which connects Dedea- gatch with the interior of their coun- try to be disaster that must be made good at the earliest possible moment and at all hazard. The eession of ter ritory by the Ottoman empire restored to Bulgaria the land through which this railway runs, and so restored 10