davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Personal to Rivermen.

capt. Albert Curlcy. maste" of the
bay Schooner Sidoni.t ctirie.. IS in the
city for 4 day or .wo on a visit to his
family while his vessel Is loading lumber
a: Hampton, Va
John Graham of Graham & Ogden,
real estate dealers at Alexandria, yes
terday was a visitor to the tugboat
office Of A. ]. Taylor & Bro, foot OF
10th street southwest.
Capt. Henry Davis. master of the tug
James o. Carter, has recovered from an
attack of illness, and has returned to
the command of his tug in service on
the river.
+. A. Allnutt Of Seneca, Nd, proIni-
uent Montgomery county lumber and
lie dealer, was visitor vest erd3y to
the office Of L. A. Clarke & Son, on the
10th street wharf
Evening star., 1915-03-20
CAPT. MURRELL IS PURCHASER.
Buys Steel Hull of Steamer Mary
land-To Build Barge.

The steel hull Of the steamer Maryland,
belonging to the Baltimore. Chesapeake
and Atlantic Railway Company Of Balti-
more, has been sold at public auction at
Baltimore to Capt. Hamilton Murrell of
baltimore for sS,12J Capt Murrcll VIII
utilize it in the building of barge for
frci.i,,;nc. service. ON Chesapeake bay and
its tributaries.
Tive Maryland was destroyed hN hEr
January -. last off the Magothy river
and while no lives We're lost passengers
lost personal property. number of suits
were entered against the steamer and her
hulk was placed in the hands OF the court,
which ordered it's sale. The sum realized
from the sale is all that will be available
for paying off claims should the suits be
decided against the steamboat company.
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Dramas of a Great City.
Being n Collection Of Scenes from
Here and There.
An Accomplished Diner.

tThe interior OF an ultra ia sffionabls
dining room. a stout. pudgy man. onr
OF the kind who splurges about thrice
in q lifetime. is seated at small ia
bic and working out the menu witt
tho aid ot his blunt and not overclesr
fcrefHger. Beside him stands a waite
e2pressionlesa and immaculate IN
evening clothes. The diner is clad IN
rough suit OF olueD
The Diner abruptly and in q LOUD
voiceD-W hats this stuff p-o-t-a- gee
The Waiter (resoived TO crush this
intor1nality>-Soup. sir. Thick soup.
SIR.
The Diner Crank to degree)-Huh!
l don't like soup. .....
The Waiter tfrigidlyb-Yes. sir.
Thank YOU. sir.
The Diner industriousls pursuing
his studies)--Say. how do You eat
ca sserole?
The Waiter tstunnedD-You don'r
sir It's clay bowl, sir.
The Diner (suspiciously)-Th why
do you put 1t on this here bill-of-fare
2nd charge real money for it?
The Waiter tdespatringly)-n is
usual, sir.
tTne diner, absorbed in the foods.
works his way down to cheese and
Evening star., 1915-03-20

face. the department OF terrestrial
magnetism is this year beginning
study of atmospherical electricity.
which is likely to prove of great eco
nomic value. The electric currents IN
the atmosphere are stronger in som"
localities than others and also vary
with time. 4 record Of the atIros-
pheric electricity of a locality MAJ
become of great Importance in view OF
its recent application to agriculture.
Thus scientists arc CONSTANTS ad
vanc,ng their conquest Of that vast
power Thich is electrlcftv and the
wonderful extent and possibilities or
which are just beginning TO he real
ized.
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Sues for $500 Damages.

j. Arthur Lewis has filed suit against
the -Anacostia and Potomac River Rail
road Company to recover $500 damages
for injury to his automobile the re-
suit of collision with >. car January
"a last at 11th and Kenyon streets. He
is represented by Attorneys Wilton J.
Lambert and Rudolph II. XaA&naU
Evening star., 1915-03-20

Establishments. The woman employees in
hotels are. for the most part. chamber
maids and mattresses. and 1t cannot
be said that the conditions of work are
identical with those which obtain IN
esta Adjustments of different character.
or that it was beyond the Legislative
power to recognize the differences that
exist
LAS to the objection that certain other
esta blishments. such as boarding
houses, were omitteN in the statute,
the court says:
The legislature is not bound, in
order to support the constitutional va
lidity of it's regulation, TO extend il to
all cases which it might possibly reach:
If the law presumably hits the evil
where it is most felt. it is not to be
overtbrown because there are other III
stances to which it might have been
applied
Relating to Hospital Nurses.
In upholdng the validity of the
law as applied to women employed in
hospitals. with the exception of grad
uate nurses, the court first considered
the student nurses. For it appears that
these persons. upon whom rests the
burden of immediate attendance upon
and nursing of the patients in the
hospital, are also pupils engaged in a
course of study. and the propriety of
Legislative protection of women under
going such a course of discipline is not
open to question The court quotes at
some length from the admirable 1912
bulletin of the United States bureau
of education. on the Educational
Status of Nursing, by Adelaide NJ
Nutting. Among others. the follow
ing significant passage is given:
g This practical work, also, is in
many of its aspects unusually exacting
and fatiguing: much of it is done while
standing, bending or lifting; much of
it is done under pressure of time and
nervous tension. and to a considerable
degree the physical effort which the
student must make is accompanied by
mental anxiety and definite, often
grave, responsibility.
" Ten hours, or even nine hours. of
work daily of this nature cannot salts
factorily be combined with theoretical
TO form j workable educa
tional scheme.
The graduate nurse. on the other
hand. seems to the court to be legiti-
mately in a separate class 1T would
be manifestly proper for the legfsla-
ture,' says the court. to recognize an
eXigency with respect to their en-
ployment. making it advisable to take
them out of the general prohibition
Evening star., 1915-03-20

There isn't amy ha!f WAY about il. :,
thing is wrong or il is right. auG tlat
is all there is to 1t. But most people
have hard work to sec this when they
want very much to do j thing that the
still. small voice. way down inside tells
them isn't right. They try to com-pro-
mise To compromise is to do neither
one thing nor the other, but little of
both. But you can't do that With right
Evening star., 1915-03-20
TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM
BY Frederic ]. Haskin.

A world survey that reaches from
the equatorial tropics to the frozen Will
dernesses Of both the poles. and in
cludes the depths of the ocean, is now
being made by a party of scientists
for the purpose of ascertaining changes
in the lines Of magnetism that sur
round the earth, and upon which the
art of navigation is absolutely depend
ent. for these mysterious lines control
the compass, and 1t is only by their
guidance that man has been able to
measure and traverse the world, on
both land and sea. The undertaking is
one Of peril and adventure. for it will
take the party into regions never be-
fore visited by civilized man.
The present survey will establish
stations where magnetic observations
will be taken and which are to pe re-
visited at regular intervals of from
three to five years. and a comparison
of records made SO that future changes
may be detected
This great survey is the work of the
terrestrial ma aenerism department of
the Carnegie Institution i'll Washing
ton. and is under the direction of DR..
l.. 4. Bauer. 1t has already covered
more than million miles of the
than 5000 magnetic observation sta
tions, many of which are in remote
and inaccessible sections of the globe
Despite the European war, this great
work is still going on, although. owing
to the difficulties of transportation,
tries is suspended. and the center of
activity in interior exploration has
been changed from Africa to the United
States.
Evening star., 1915-03-20
BY Pop.

table cutlery is of Mexican silver. The
galley stoves and rcfrigerators are of
bronze
1t was only by the use of an abso-
lutely magnetic boat, the like Of
which was never before devised, that
correct observations of ma gnetic force
could be taken. Other boats are built
largely Of iron and steel, and. in addi-
tion. the cargoes they carry may con-
tain iron. The presence of iron in any
form decidedly affects the compass.
This effect Is overcome on ordinary
boats. as far as possible. by fixing"
the compass with iron balls arranged
with a view to neutralizing the power
Of the other iron in the boat This
can never be done with absolute ac-
curacy. however. and until observa-
tions We're taken from = non magnetic
boat, no records were available by
which discrepancies could be positively
corrected. The results Of the observa-
tions from the Carnegie during the
last four years have been given to the
| world and have been accepted as
standards.
The Carnegie is equipped with spe-
cial instruments under revolving
glass dome, permitting astronomical as
well as magnetic observations. The re-
suits are computed on board and are
known within an hour after the obser-
vations are taken. When the vessel
arrives in port. these results are
promptly supplied to the British ad-
miralty. the German seewaEte. the
United States photographic office and
the nautical offices of each of the other
, important nations. All the nations CO.
operate In the work by granting pass
ports and military escorts. lending III
struments and giving any other desired
service to the observers engaged in the
survey, either on land or sea.
Evening star., 1915-03-20

Under British rule alone there are
more than 325,660,o0o dwellers in the
tropics.
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Freedom of Contract.

In reply. Justice Hughes again point
cd out that the liberfr of contract
guaranteed by tie Constitution Is free
dom from arbitrary restraint. not in-
1.,uaity from reasonable regulation TO
safeguard the public interest Upon
this point he continues, the recent de-
cIsious of this court upholdIng other
statutes limiting the hours of labor of
women must be regarded as decisive
Two such statutes were upheld by
the court during the year 1914. those OF
massachusetts and Ohio. In both cases
the court based its favorable verdict
upon the first and only preceding de-
ciEion of this character-the well
known Oregon n-hour case, Muller
rs Oregon. decided in 1905.
I'm the Hawley case, the ffty-four-
hour law of Ohio was upheld, the plain
tlr having been convicted Of employ
asg Z woman in a millinery establish
iIfent more than tiityfour hours III one
week.
.'Now the court Is unable to perceive
AIRY reason why the states power thus
40 limit hours may be upheld In re-
suect to q woman in Il millinery es-
fabIisnInent and denied as to 4 cham
ferrnaid in hotel 1t is manifestly
Hughes that the mere fact that the
statute of California provides for an
eight-hour day, or a maximum of for
ty-eight hours a week, instead OF ten
hours d day or ffty-four hours week.
cha rges the principles at stake.
TT is conceivable that the limitation
of women's hours OF labor Iuight be
pushed TO q wholly iHdetcllSJ BILE ex
IRENE but. says til. court, there is no
ground for the conclusion here that
tifs limit or the reasonable "N"rti"r Of
Srotective authority has been over
.-s-rtpot
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Way Open for New Laws.

=. Thus the protagonists of amy future
;sets have only to SHOW reasonable
ground for the exercise OF such pro-
lection. The decision goes far beyond
even the widely inclusive statute in
Question. 1t opens the way for a scien-
tific study OF all occupations, particu-
2ariy the trades involving the use of
pcisons or dangerous processes, IN
ivIi'ch medical investigation may well
Slow that eight hours daily exposure
IS too great a health risk.
cit was further urged against the
california law that Il Disseminated
a3fairlv, because its ciaSsificatIous
,v.rr based on the nature Of the en-
ytvNer's business and not upon the
char. cter Of the employees work The
CouIt rrpi5es It IS sufficient 10 say
fhat the character Of the work may
fargeIs depend upon the nature and
Incidents of the business in connection
with which the work is done
Thus as to hotels. tho court f1nds:
:. Hotels. as class. are distinct es-
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Building Here
for Magnetic Work. /

1t is the largest and most complete
building in the world devoted to mag
netic work. 1t contains many features
which have been especially planned
with view to the scientific work 1t
shelters. 1t is located in a seyenacre
plot of ground of good elevation, far
enough from street cars and from other
buildings to isolate it from all electri
cal influences. The main building
contains forty-four rooms, with fur
nishings specifically adapted to their
purposes These include the directors
headquarters. library. a physical
laboratory, instrument shops, testing
and certain observational facilities.
The building is absolutely fireproof. 1t
contains a subbasement having a con-
stant atmosphere for testing instru-
mentS.
In addition to the new instruments
being manufactured continuously in
the shop, every instrument used upon
an expedition is submitted TO a thor
ough test as soon as 1t is brought into
headquarters. The changes are usu-
ally found to be minute. but each is
carefully noted and corrected. In this
way the absolute accuracy of observa-
tions can be guaranteed The changes
noted in the instruments are usually
due to their careless handling in trans
portation- The instruments used upon
the Carnegie show minimum change,
although in continuous service, be-
to protect them from injury.
Evening star., 1915-03-20

The manufacture of instruments is an
important part of the work of the de-
partment, as the
Instruments Made accuracy of the
OBJ servati on s
Are Accurate. taken necessarily
depends upon the perfection of the in
struments. a number of new instru
ments have been designed in the de-
partment expressly for this world
survey. Instruments are loaned to
scientific expeditions when desired,
and in this way the complete survey
Of the world is fastened. Four eX-
peditions to the north and south poles
have borrowed instruments from the
terrestrial magnetism department.
Even the tent used by the Mawson ant
arctic expedition was supplied by the
department. and is now preserved in
the department library as a souvenir
of 4 noteworthy achievement.
In addition to its service to the
mariner by its oceanic work. and it's
land surveys. which afford accura te
guides for the relocation of boundaries
lost by the changes OF the earth's sur
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Little Nories
10 Bedtime
BY THORNTON w. BURGESS.
Copyright. 1918. by J. G. Lloyd.l
A Tree-Top Battle.

4. blac. is black and white is white.
-. wrvn. IS wrong and rignt is right
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Needle Not Always
Points to North.

4o1AtS " @SoA 'AA' compass is pop
ularly supposed to point north, but this
is not true except at d few isola ted
places upon the earth's surface. The
variation from this northerly direc-
tion is due to lines of magnetic force
which constitute 4 sort of aura sur
rounding the earth. These lines are
continually changing. The task un-
dertaken by the department of ter
restrial magnetism Is TO map out the
entire surface of the earth and note
where the changes are greatest. and, 80
far as possible, the causes contribut-
ing to them. The discovery made by
the sailors with Columbus that the
compass was not pointing due north is
sa i'll to have been responsible for their
mutiny. Columbus oven then was
aware that the compass changed in
certain localities. although his knowl-
edge was vague. He is said to have
shifted his compass card to regain his
control over his men.
From before that time down to the
present mariners have been aware that
the compass deviated. and charts have
been continually changed to meet con-
ditions A few expeditions have been
sent out from time to time by different
governments for the purpose of OBJ
tanning more accurate Information re-
Sarding the earth's magnetism, but
these have not been of great value,
save for comparison. because they
have not the proper equipment for TAX
ing absolutely accurate observations,
and also because Of the continuous
changes which make the observations
incorrect. The hydrogra phic charts OF
the world have been changed from time
to time to meet the results OF new OBJ
SeIvatiGns. but there were obtained at
such long intervals and We're so tardlly
recorded as to be of little value. The
changes noted by the observers under
the survey now being carried on by
the terrestrial magnetism department
are reported so promptly that in most
cases they are available to the mariner
within three months after observation.
The observations made on sea IN the
present survey are being taken on
specially construct-
Nc Iron or Steel ed boat called the
Carnegie. W h C. n
on the Carnegie. has been sace,ious-
~ described as 'the most unattractive
boat afloat.' because il il absolutely
non magnetic. 1t is built chiefly OF
Hood fastened together with locust
tree nails. copper and bronze bolts. and
composition spikes. No iron or steel
is permitted on board, except that the
sailors are supplied with sheath knives
OF non-maEnetlo mauGanese steelx Ehs1
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Facts Instead of Theories.


Thus, the decisions rest Oh facts, not
theories or 1bstractious. Practical exi-
+.eucies,' experience the nature OF the
work the nature of the business
these are the words and these the con-
crete considerations which recur III the
courts clear and concise opinions.
'.In the first case in question, the pro-
prieJor of the G1enwood Hotel at River
side was convicted of employing a
Woman more than eight hours in one
day, in viola ton of the California act
of 1911. which included women en-
ployed in hotels as well as in factories,
stores and other industrial occupa-
tLrons.
In 1919 the law was amended to in
,.iude also woman employees of hos
%pitals. excepting graduate nurses The
trtiStees OF the Samuel Merritt Hospital
~ Alameda and one of their employees
sought. in two other test cases, to re-
str,tin the enforcement of this amended
act
The TWO familiar objections We're
raised as to freedom of contract and
equal protection OF the law. 1t was
asserted that the eight-hour law de-
prived women employed in hotels and
hospitals of their liberty to work any
number of hours, and Disseminated
against them in comparison with other
women not included.
Evening star., 1915-03-20

and his assistants, under the plotec-
ton of the French
Scientists Work government, cross
ed the Sahara des-
Al OAAA' ert from Algiers to
Tim mbuktu This was the first An1erf-
can scientific expedition which ever
completely crossed the Sahara, al
though several had penetrated it's bor-
ders. Through the cooperation Of the
Italian government, a similar line of
observations extending from Tripoh
across the desert had been planned
for this year. An escort and a guar
antee of safety for the party had been
promised by the Italian government.
The unsettled conditions of the partly
civilized tribes brought about by the
war necessitated the withdrawal of this
guarantee. 1t was then decided to
transfer the party to Brazil and il is
due to arrive in Rio de Janeiro today.
Mr. Berkey will cooperate with the
Brazilian government in the magnetic
work already accomplished there un-
der the direction of DR.. Henrique Mo-
rize His route will lie through the
interior of the country, following the
course of the Xingu river until IT joins
the Amazon. AS this is practically un-
explored country, notes of geograph-
icai value will supplement the mag
netic observations to be taken.
The value of a systematic magnetic
survey of the globe has been under
stood for centuries, but no individual
nation could achieve SO stupendous an
undertaking. 1t could be accomplished
only by the cooperation OF all
the nations with none in control. This
was only possible by making 1t sci
entific expedition, carried on by strict
ly scientific men working upon private
funds, not controlled by any govern
ment Upon this basis all the nations
could cooperate, and all are benefited
by the results, which are given the
world at large.
:. =
r,l11 of NAVIGATION Is built en-
Evening star., 1915-03-20

The administration Of this world sur
'ey is from a splendid new building in
=, OF
Evening star., 1915-03-20

The art of navigation is built en-
tirely upon the magnetism of the eartf
Evening star., 1915-03-20

The manufacture of instruments is an
important part of the work of the de-
Evening star., 1915-03-20
Miss Josephine GoIdmark Re-
views the Opinions on
''Workday for Women
ASSERTS FACTS GOVERN
IN JUDICIAL RULINGS
Quotations From Justice Hughes of
Highest Court on Statutes Con-
sidered on Appeal.

The shorter Workday for Women
is the subject of an article by Miss
Josephine C;oldmark of the National
Consumers League. written exclusive
ly for the Survey Press Service, which
reviews the two broad decisions re-
Gently handed down by the United
States Supreme Court upholding eight
hours as 4 workday for women in
hotels and hospitals.
Miss Goldmark empha sizes the fact
that the decisions were based ON facts
instead of theories or distractions. She
points out that Justice Hughes in
writing the decisions lays stress on the
freedom of contract, and shows how
rne way has been opened for new laws.
The Survey, which is giving publicity
to this review. is an association whose
living and working conditions and
suggest methods of social advance.
Miss Goldmark's Statement.
Mss Goldmark's article follows:
Two recent decisions of the United
States Supreme Court upholding the
validity of the California eight-hour
Law for women lay welcome stress
tionary powers of the legislature to
enact such legislation.
Here was q law for women which
went further than any other in the
Cu.ted States, prescribing the shortest
~orkday yet enacted. including in its
scope Il larger number of occupat tions
than any similar statute. Here were
cases involving e!nploymentS never be-
fore considered by the Supreme Court
of the United states in relation to
w6men's hours of labor in hotels and
hospitals
Both decisions We're unanimous j US
tice Hughes writing the opinions. In
both the responsibility for deciding the
need. the eNpediency or wisdom of the
law is with emphasis held to be the
function and duty of the legislature;
lthe court limits itself to considering
whether, in view of the underlying
facts in each case, the legislature has
fscted arbitrarily or unreasona bly,
Evening star., 1915-03-20

Last year Observer u. W. Berhey
and his assistants, under the protec-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-03
MURPHY ELECTED
Succeeds Binke mt Head of Local Coun-
Gil, knights OF Columbus.

Thomas y. Murphy has been elected
grand knight of Richmond Council 3?5,
knights Of Columbus, succeeding John
j. Blake. Other new officers wcro
chosen at the annual election, which
was held last Wednesday night Re-
ports of the different officers for the
year were received and adopted and
other business transacted preceding the
election. Tho officers chosen are AZ
follows:
Worthy grand knight, Thomas a.
Murphy: deputy grand knight. James
NJ. Purcell: chancellor John w. Nokcly;
financial secretary, Henry G. Fitzpat-
rick; treasurer Joseph Fischer; advo-
cate. Robert Sheppard: lecturer. George
]. McSweency; chaplain. Rev. Father
Brennan; warden, Henry Keck: assist
ant warden, James 3. Fitzpatrick: in
side guard. Charles Curley: outside
guard, John +. Ryan; trustee for three
years, John j. Blake.
Many expressions Of commentator
were voiced for the untirnE work of
the retiring worthy grand knight, John
J. Blake.
Under his administration over 200
members 1rnve affiliated with the coun-
ell, +