davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
ALFALFA AND HOGS

The following from Nebraska farm
journal contains valuable hints for
Virginia farmers who grow hogs and
alfalfa:
One OF the chief problems before the
pork producer in Nebraska and other
parts of the West is that OF the mos,
profita BILE use OF alfalfa in the fattening
ration. Alfalfa is the only source OF
cheap protein for feeding purposes
available 10 our feeders. 1t is because
of this condition that the feeding OF
alfalfa with grain is so attracting the
attention OF the feeders. The chief
problems arc in what form TO feed the
alfalfa ana in what proportion TO the
grain ration. During the past several
Eears extensive experiments have been
made by the Nebraska experiment sta
zion To throw light on this subject,
The proper standard from which to
determine the most protltablc ration is
the amount of feed OF certain kind
required to produce n certain increase
in weight and the rate at which the tn-
crease is made. These terms are the
same in all parts Of the country. while
tho cost of the various feeds Will vary
in almost every locality.
til" results OF the experiments for
the best methods Of fattening hogs on
corn and alfalfa hay and on corn alone
arc herewith given. The feeding OF
various proportions Of alfalfa in a
ration Of corn as alfalfa hay. rs
chopped hay. and rs meal. indicates
that the rations rank as follows. with
the most satisfactory ration viewed
from the profit made per hog fattened.
4. the top Of the list
!. Corn and alfalfa hay in a rack
. Ninety parts corn and ten parts
chopped alfalfa.
3. Ninety parts corn and ten parts
alfalfa meal.
{. Corn alone
:. Sevcnty-fve parts corn and TWEEN
ty-tive parts alfalfa meal.
6 Scventy-five parts corn and TWEEN.
ty-tive parts chopped alfalfa.
:. Fifty parts corn and nifty parts
chopped alfalfa.
5. Fifty parts corn and fifty parts
alfalfa meal.
The first three rations stand closely
together. Corn seems 10 have a sta
tionary place between ration of ten
parts alfalfa and ninety parts corn
and n ration OF twenty five parts alfal-
IN and sevcnty-nvc parts corn.
OF all the many rat!ons tried none
has been found the equal of corn and
a small percentage OF alfalfa.
Four seasons records show that old
SONS being fattcned on corn and alfalfa
pasture gained two pounds per head
daily ate $50 pounds Of corn for l0C
pounds gain. and gave net profit OF
over > cents each daily.
\ summary OF the results OF expert
mcnts indicate that the cost of feed &c
produce 225-pound market hog was
$3.35 per 100 pounds, and that keep
ing the hog until il weighed 3o5 pounds
increased the cost 10 1857 per LOT
pounds.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
WEEKLY COTTON REVIEW

NEW ORLEANS. May 23.-Cotton
had an advancing tendency last week,
chieiE on buying stimulated by the
Italian situation. BY most traders. it
was considered bullish influence of
great Importance. but few traders
hcid contrary opinion. AT the best OF
tho week tho trading months were 81 to
81 points over last weeks final quota
lions The close was at a net gain Of
l4'to q points
good demand for spots from Amer
ican mills caused somo little comment
ana IL was apparent that this demand
was having considerable effect on price
views on the interior Of the belt
Weather and crop news did not ex-
cite much interest, but IL was evident
that consideration of the state of the
crop was about to be given moro at
tention because OF the ncarncss of the
first government reports Tuesday will
end the first condition period OF the
season. ana the percentage Of condition
VII! be given out by the Department OF
Agriculture on June l. Very likely SOW
cral private bureau reports on condi-
ton viii he made this week. which will
serve TO divert some attention 10 the
belt.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
Weekly Bureau of In
formation for All Who
Till the Soil or Are In
terested in Making Homes
IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS

a field of red clover in :ull bloom Is
Of insect visttants both as regards
number OF individuals and number of
species at one and the same time. is
Afforded by no other plant that we
know OF. with the possible exception
of alfalfa. In the clover fields OF our
experimental farm We have TAX en-
zoo species OF inSccts-not all of
them injurious. though more than half
OF them feed on the plant, Addlne to
these the other species that have been
listed feeding on cloyers. vetchcs
and alfalfa. !; is seen that these plants
furnish food for more than 200
different kinds 81 insects. y hun
drcd 81 NOR" arc prad2c2ous or parasi-
tic on thos, clover insects, or else feed
on animal or Vegetable matter in the
soil OF the clover iield
No part OF the plant escapes attack.
TIL ROOFS ar" eaten by the larvae and
the beetles OF the root -hoyer AZ wei
as by those OF half 4 dozen other
species and are drained of thcir sap
by the mculy bug. The stem is hol-
lowed out by tho common stem hotter.
Both me stems and The leaves arc
pierced by many hcmiptcrous insects.
especially a?hids ana iassids and are
eaten 10y a great variet! OF catcrpilla.s
beetles and graSshoppcrs. as are also
is destroyed by the marcot of tho
seed nudge. ana the developing S.cd
is eaten ont by the sccd-chalcid. Even
the iay Is the special food OF Il certain
caterpillar. hence called the Glove! hay
worm
Some OF the insects of the clover
fields are. OF course, beneficial Such
arc those that pollcnizc the fiowers-
buniblebces and, to some extent, honey
bees. as we'll as those that act rs checks
on the injurious insects
Most OF the clover insects are not
limited to clover but to other food
plants as well The eed-midge and
the sccd-caterpillpr are, however. con-
fined 10 thA-kvers, and the seed
chalcid to c!overs and alfalfa so far
as known. The root-borer Is said 10
eat peas as we'll clover. The hay
worm has been found only on hay as
yet. but the moth hasibeen raised from
masses of dead grape leaves taken in
a vineyard Tn" lcaf-wccvil is reported
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
STOCK SPECULATION
IN HESITATING ATTITUDE

NEW YORK. May 2s.-The week $
stock speculation adopted a hes!tating
attitude. Germany's reply to the pro-
test of tho United States being the
event awaited. Even Italy's decision
in favor Of war was construed as n
probable factor OF delay by Germany
\ market contraction in dealings and
some covering of short contracts
marked the speculative pause. but
prices were lifted again in the final
session, war stocks being the most
active and strong. The commanding
credit position OF the United States
received further demonstration in re-
sponscs TO tho weeks news Foreign
exchange rates ut New York sank 10
low levels In all financial ccntcrs
Rates on Paris and Rome were lower
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

Germs throughout tho country-con-
Germs we'll posted on the actual condi-
tons surrounding the growing plant.
Recent rains. doubtless. have done
moro or less for the farmers as they
have at least partially checked the
for the big increase in the acreage of
winter wheat the crop promise of that
grain would have been great deal
smaller than harvested in 1914
There have been many private re-
ports on the condition of tho growing
wheat. ana these have been largely of
bulltsh character. 1t is charged by
some in the trade. especially by those
who are on the short side of wheat
and who have paper losses staring
them in the face, that tho crop loss
adviccs from that interest have been
highly colorcd because of the fact that
millers throughout the country are
credited with holding goodly amounts
of old wheat and that they are anxious
TO dispose OF 1T ut rs high price as
possible.
According to advices from both Kan
sas City and st. Louis. old wheat was
being offered to those markets uuitc
freely yesterday. This shows there
are many of the farmers as we'll as
country elevator owners In the. South
west. who are anxious to dispose of
'n'ir surplus, even IN the face of un-
favorable crop conditions in scattered
sections y big crop of new wheat
would mean sharp price loss for the
'"id now held in various sections Of the
winter wheat belt
Weather conditions throughout the
corn belt arc generally favorable, bu,
the kansas official report SAYS that
much corn is still implanted While
there are rumors of much corn bcin,,
SOLD from this country for export, pri-
vatc cables told of Argentine offers TO
Atlantic ports close to working basis
C3nditions surrounding the oats mar
kct are on about the same level as
those Of cOrn-hig supplies i'm nearly
All positions. and only q small demand
from exporters and a light call from
tho domestic trade.
The hog products market is rather
unsatisfactory TO manufacturers as
we'll as to the bulls. Stocks OF all kinds
OF provisions are large at Chicago as
well as in the smaller Western mar
kets. The run OF hogs is liberal and
the cash trade is unsatisfactory.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
CREMATORY FOR POULTRY

on every poultry plant and around
every farm there are bound to occur
from time to time q greater or less
number OF deaths OF chickens and
adult fowls from disease or other
natural causes.
The disposal of these dead bodies
offers a problem to the poultryman,
the correct solution Of which may in
many cases become a very important
matter. This is especially true in the
cases of death from contagious dis
eases. The method usually practiced
by the farmer and poultrymnn for the
disposition Of dead carcasses is in
sanitary in the extreme. To throw the
dead bodies on the manure pile Is to
invite the spread of the disease. Bury
Ing is far from being satisfactory
way Of dealing with the matter. I'm
less buried deeply, there is likelihood
that dogs or other marauding animals
Will dig out the carcasses and scatter
parts of them on tho top OF the ground
The only really sanitary method OF
dealing with dead bodies is to in
cincraic them The difficulty OF fol-
lowing this plan is tina, the farmer
usually does not have any suitable
source OF heat ready a. hand at all
times
To meet this requirement. there has
recently been devised by the expert
ment station OF an Eastern state a
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
When Cows StOn Giving MIX.

As soon as ii COW stops giving milk.
feeding should begin at once for the
following year There are three speci-
Tic purposes for which she should be
FED during her brief vacation. First.
If she Is good, hardwork!ng COW.
her last years work has been wearing
on her and her digestive apparatus
should have rest as far rs practic-
able To accomplish this purpose feeds
OF cooling ana light. bulky nature.
as pasture grass in summer and silagc
IN winter should be supplied. Secondly.
In feeding the dry COW II is essential
10 build up the future calf. Nitrogen
Gus or protein feed must he given for
this purpose About all the alfalfa or
clover hay that the COW Will eat, com
hined with little bran. is excellent.
Inc third purpose in feeding is to
store up In the cows body fat to be
drawn upon later. as we'll as stamina
Tor her coming work. To make fat
nothing is better than corn with a
SinaH amount Of other grains And
ther" is nothing better for innpartine
stamina TO an animal than oats
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
Protect Against Late Frost.

not" AZ" Cheap and effective meth
OBS OF combating late frosts, so far
as orchards are concerned. and thev
ought 10 be adopted ny every farmer
me Snud@e fire is as cheap and rcli-
an" Il means as may be needed. or one
may go Ia the expense Of providing
metal heaters II a profitable cron is Nv.
Hccted
hall dozen smudrc fires for an
acre orchard. or for each acre, will
pr"hably ne sufficient. This is merely
a matter OF few hours work through
me last Two or three frosty nights o,
spring.
When we consider that an acr. .,
fruit is worth from 5000 TO s4Oo tho
trouble Of keeping up n few little fire.
around the orchard for six or .,pb,
hours seems trifinC.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

tiNes should he removed from tho
mother within a day or two So
aNN"cat" never allowing them 10 suck
"'H"rs let them suck once then re-
move them Whichever way is done
IN" calf can easily be taught to drink
pN fastening II in 4 rigid stanchion and
tlN,hs u the warm new milk in clean
hhlf 10 two quarts OF milk mnr,i,e,
"""h ana night, for the first week. then
"i''' we noon feed and increase Others
~ 10 -FOUR quarts OF feed night and
.'l "'hs' change gradually from whole
.''t" I" skim mix. Feed all milk warm
~ sweet. Use dairy thermometer
ana warm 10 90 or 90 degrees,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
Evergreen. for 1.,n,,.

ENcrSre"ns make the best wind
rcaks, say farmers who have grown
everEreens with success rrha od,.
age of the evergreen ia that ~
Vides protection both winter and SIM,
ner. tverCrecns are really difficult 70
grow unless proper methods are used
inc important thing to be kept In mtnd
Is that cverSr"ens cannot stand the
.y"st drEinE out of the roots. Drying
always proves fatal. For this r-,vor
II is both safer and cheaper for the
farmer TO buy small. Seeding ever
greens and set them out in his garden
where they can be cultivated two or
'hree years before being placed per.
nanently
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
Clean Quarters yec...o-~

cough among the hogs may be due
70 very dusty quarters. With Young
hoRs II is frequently due TO minute
.H, e""-tke worms in the bronchial
tubes. y soft, hacking cough is . 80,
common symptom Of hog cholera t,oas
aiso nave the common forms of hron-
chi'is ana pneumonia, just like other
animals and people. With hogs
coughs and lung troubles. aside from
choicra arc frequently due 10 sle.ninp
IN warm quarters. possibly piled IN,
ana then going ont into cold places to
feed '' ~
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
Sour MIX Good for Cb,ck,

Farmers and poultry raiscrs should
ieed sour skim milk constantly, n,
least after chicks are few DAYS old
II viii stimulate their growth II also
increases egg production in the laying
flock. Numerous experinents 49,
demonstrated that skim milk and curds
or cottage cheese. are among the mos;
stimulating feeds for poultry of all
Kinds. except very young chicks. MANY
claim that sweet milk is much safer
until the chicks are at least n week
or ten days old. There is n constant
supply on nearly every farm and II
should be universally used for the farm
flock
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

small crematory. which in point Of
cost IS within the reach OF every
poultryman or farmer.
This crematory is very simple in
construction 1t consists OF a cement
base or fire box, bearing on its TOP
n series OF CRATE bars which are in
turn covered by cremating box or
oven in which the material TO be in
c!nerated is placed.
In building this. place in the exca-
walton for the base a quantity Of
loose stones and gravel TO insure ade-
quate drainage below the cement. The
inside dimensions OF the fire box base
arc feet, inches by foot ID
| inches by ! foot. inches. The out
! side dimensions-3 feet, inches by
ieet inches. While the cement is
| sun SOFT, place across the top some
old crate bars, which form the CRATE
| on Whlch the material TO be burned is
placed The incenerating chamber is
,nade OF galvanized iron-length. .
rect inches; width, foot, 10 inches;
| height foot. inches. In the ton
is cut round hole protected by a
hinged cover. The galvanized box
mas no bottom, bur is placed on ION
o! the crate bars and held firmly in
place while the cement is worked up
around rs lower edges In the back
/ o! ms box Is an opening for niece
Oh stove pipe. when not in use this
/ pipe may De removed and stored in
| side the box. = large wooden hoy
should be kept over the galvanized
! hoX, when the crenatorv is NOT in nee
10 protect II from the weather
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
FLIES AND CHINCH BUGS
PLAY HAVOC IN WHEAT
Large Tracts of Growing Grain HIVE
Been Ruined, and Market Aspect
is Chnnged.
Especial to The Times Dispatch. ]

Especial to The Times Dispatch.l
CHICAGO. May 23.-Laree tracts of
wheat have been ruined by Hessian
flies and chinch bugs. Not only have
these reports of losses been circula ted
by well-known men in the interior.
but millers and bankers, as we'll as
country storekeepers, have told of SEN
sational deterioration in many sections.
The Kansas official State report tells
of losses in that state and the Modern
Miller crop outlook was a document
construed by the trade at Chicago, as
well as in other sections. as quite bull
ish. Reports as received by that Jour
nal were mainly from milling con-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

Cat smut, sinking smut Of wheat
in" covered smut Of barley can he
prevented ny the formaiin treatment.
~ corh smut ana IN" loose smuts of
wheat and barley cannot no 90 nrn
vented. Tho two loose smuts can he
prevented by special method Of seed
treatment while corn smut can he prn.
vented only by the proper rotation of
crops ana prccaution against using
cd for corn
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
Alfalfa and Glover seed Chu,.ta
Adult.

pecially In times OF drought. wb.,
most Of the bowers are smaller ,han
usual; also from flowers tina, secret.
a copious amount % nectar Tho bee.
pun iepe"s especially. should 100 pro
tected always They arr. ia. hs,
friends Of the clover grower.
Early pasturins is the score, o, n
good seed crop. as the growers in Nov
YORK. Ohio. Michigan and other s,aios
have found. The explanation Is sim.
pie. The fact IS that pasturing gives
a good seed crop FOR IN. reason tina,
~ delays Inc heading OF the plant unt!l
a time when the seed -rnidgcs and seed.
chalc!ds are no Longer on the wiur
ana laying eggs. When precaution,
are not taken against these pests
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

nuts form very concentrated form
OF food. in many cases more so than
cheese. and when nationally used they
arc readily dtgcstcd aud form a part
OF wei!-balanced ration. Nuts are
plentiful in many localities. and should
hot be allowed to go to waste hound
or walnuts Will produce almost three
times as much energy ns 81 pound of
STEAK such being the case. would not
me use or considerable quantity OF
walnuts, buttcrnuts and hickorvnuta
nc n valuable addition to the house
hold-s supply Of prov!sions?
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

from beans and timothy, as we'll as
clover and alfalfa The clover louise
has been pest OF the worst kind
on peas and has a long list OF food
plants or the less important clover
insects, few have no other food plant:
but the majority can easily maintain
their exiatcncc when no clover is a,
hand.
The combined efforts OF all tho in
sects are sufficient TO reduce tho hav
crop materially every wear Aside from
the occasional conspicuous injury. there
Is every year Il steady drain on tho
plant through the attacks OF insects
Ihis. annual drain is not noticed for The
very reason that il occurs every wear
II we could keen Nil the insects out
or the clover field, We should get more
nay. IF We could exclude" all exCept tho
pumbicbecs and the honey hoes ~.
should undoubtcdly get an immense in
crease in tho yield OF seed
Those who raise clover seed on a
commercial scale owe their success 10
methods which operate chiefly cainst
the insect enemies Of seed-whethor
the growers are aware OF il or not
Under the same conditions OF soil and
climate. one man Is able 10 get :; good
crop OF seed and his nearest ne!shbor
is not.
Many farmers do not attemp, TO
raise their OWN clover seed Those
who do, get more or less OF a crop ac-
cord!ns 20 circumstances. In the black
SOIL o: the corn belt. one and onc-hal,
bushels OF seed per acre is about the
average yield for clover the soil is
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
Nnriety of Feeds.

Growing animals like a variety Of
feeds, just as people do. It is appc-
tizing to the animals TO have n change
from one kind Of feed TO another every
few days. 1t is even possible to mix
In some wheat straw with profit il the
steers have some other good feed 10 90
along with it. for wheat straw can be
used for n filler"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

they can be counted upon every year
10 destroy most Of the clover seed
In some localities these two insects
eat from 80 To - per cent of tho red
clover seed every year without him
drancc. The farmer gets only what
tho insects leave. II h" gets two
bushels OF seed to the acre. the insects
have. perhaps. already eaten from two
10 SIX hushels off the Same acre
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

than ut any time within tho recollec.
ton OF veteran dealers.
Reports show but slight effect on
placing OF orders in any industry be-
cause of the chance of n rupture with
Germany.
Winter wheat shows severe deterio-
ration I'm certain sections. but nothing
short of extraordinary weather condi-
lions is likely TO prevent an enormous
Eield of this and other roodstufrs
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

There Is good money in selling eggs
for Matching 1t calls for abso,n, .
honesty. Only sell strictly fresh and
fertile eggs that can reasonably be cx
pected to hatch under favorable condi-
IONS. When one is paying from 81 TO
3d. or even more. for a dozen eggs,
surely only the best should be SOLD
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

On summer day when the air tccms
with myriad forms of insect life tho
! BIRDS are hitting TO and fro on restless
wing to destroy our enemies
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24
RAILROADS.
SEAnoAhD AIR LINE RAILWAY.

The Progressive Kniiwn. Of THE south
Southhound trains scheduled TO leave Rich.
in"nt daily. 500 a. ~. Local to Norlinn |: ~
J.. NJ, siccpers and coaches. Atlanta i,ir.
minEhan, Jucksonvilic iJ:9 +. NJ slespcr
TO Hamlet and coaches TO Atlanta and Biz
mtngham: 1875 y. NJ. sieepers. Atlanta Bir.
iningham. Memphih Jacksonville Tampa
and couches Jacksonville
.~orthbound trains scheduled to arrive In
Richmond daily; 6:55 r.. a.. S.ls A. M sos
u. NJ. G:i5 l.. NJ. Local.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

Young turnip. cabbage and beet
plants make the best OF greens II i.
nu' a small job to plant these at diff
ieEen' times. and they can be had al
summer.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

why not interest the boys in poultry
raising: Why not give them some.in-
teresting work. which will assist mate
rally In reducing the high cost Of Nv
Ing. and educate them in practical
way?
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

The age requirement for the Bows
Corn Club work is from ten to eighteen
years. inclusive
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

Keep the cultivator poinr in the
garden. 1t is easier to get rid OF tho
weeds when they are small than when
they are we'll established.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

For any kind Of orchard PLANTING tho
soil should be deep. wcll-drained ana
triahlc. yet not so porous as TO bo
drouc hty.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

The swallow and swift are in rapid
Hight. with but brief periods of rest
from dawn until sunset. in search OF
insects which constitute their entire
living.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

summer pruning tends to increase the
root growth. and winter pruning the
wood growth. "
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-24

The sofa bean. which grows in Jana II
aitsr having been cooked and pressed
yields n nutritious substitute fnr Ill.