davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

to this country the May Flour, which is sertain mark of dstinctsion which of us will tely sur render, but that is weakness and not nasionel We boast of the fact that air plain peepul. We point with pride to the freedum of institu- sions and orraturs revvel in the privilege and duty of comparing evvsy free born Americon and passing him parr weth enny raining monnark of Urope Each man in this country. according to the dope is in himself sovverain and then Sum of them don't look like sovverains particularly but the bizzy man who is constintly annoyed with the complex problem of edducating gurls and ate boys while his fiska revvenew is skorned by the man who collects the incum tax, cannot be expected to always look like he was born in the purple and had nuthing to do but to engage himself regularly in the sovverain bizness.
 Is it then sign of decay, or sotening of the brane the part of menny of peepul that theere is graduelly being bt up in this country an upper straer of sosety which Is supposed verry blew bluded and by virture of holding bank role that would choke rynoserus, air also verry arristo- cratck and all that kind of bunk? It has always been a part of our Americon system to skorn dukes, prinses, lords and markeses, and to point the Americon yuth that each tub stood its own bot tum; our boys have been taught that good name is
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31
Strata of Society In the United States

the records though it may be powerful enuff to sup press them Then besides, let stick to our orig ina claims-man creeated equal and must SO re- main until proven otherwise and deemed gilty by 12 his peers Afur which he probabully Is not quite equal he before. but close to it. In the eyes of pubick and according to constituson. no mattur what does, he is to be considured as good his naybor; he may be evven a member of the Legislature and yet have perfect rite to hold his he'd up in pubck phases and mingul freely with his feller citizens. In times past when sent to the pennetensiary becawse of sum msunder- standing of sum kind he put to hard wurk and not reserved in polite sosety when he escaped parduned by the guvvernor but in theese days he no ongur has to wurk-he has all the advantages in the pennetensiary that he would enjoy elsewheere and while heere is occasionally. wheere man in the pennetensiary is dissatisfied. things on the hole air improved This gives hope that this high sosiety thing will dye out and may all get gethur on the same gennerel plain. to speek, and eat out of the spoon: still if it's all the to evveryboddy would like to pick out the individuel who is to share my spoon
 Yours trooly
 BILL VINES. Washington, D. C.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

build around themselves exclusive atmostfeer and refusing to mngul with peepul who lair in trade Menny of old Americon fanimerlies who trase theere lineage back to sum promminint reel estate deelur sed reel estate deeur carrying most of his reel estate round his own persun, in the days of the Van Cortplasturs of colloniel New York, etc, have skellituns in theere clossets in suffsient mum Der no doubt to free clinnicks for medical school. The pedigree of menny of the faddsts in this country if subjected to the cold and unfrendy skruteny of an Investigating committee, would turn up as moth-eaten and full of boil weevils as the whiskurs of 1896 Kansas popuist. While this is trew theere air on the uther hand, thousands amung the ranks of the plain peepul, 'in trade. who can, without the aid of detective agensy, dig up the fanmerly bbul and proove concusively that they have direct line of ansesturs back for ate or 10 gennerasions, of which gilty of enny moor hanus offense than that of taking vacason into Cannady along with the county funds for safe keeping. An act of patryotsm which of the highest order though which at the time totally misjudged by ovverzelus sheriff and county at turnney. who perhaps polytcaly jeelus of sed ansestur.
 The accumulation of grate weeth will not add ennything the anseserel linegold does not purge
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

Of the coffee crop of Brazil more than half is sold to the United States, and that at a cost of something like s76 0O0, ,00O We take in the neghborhood of three quarters of a billion pounds of this cof- fee every year. and should we stop drink ing it. the people would have a panic, and millions of them would be on the edge of starvation. Our annual coffee imports are over 1000, ,0000o0 pounds, or more than 50 pounds for every one of our families In other words we use a pound of coffee week to every family in the United States.
 In another letter I shall describe my visits to the coffee plantations. Some of them have millions of trees, and they cover thousands of acres. Today I shall deal only with the coffee as it reaches the ports The coffee from most of the estates comes here in beans of different sizes and shapes. Some are good and some bad. but they are all mixed to- gether. Before they can be exported they have to go through separators and grad CTS There are a number of such in- stitutions in Santos. and two of the largest are owned by an American, MT. Lawrence. It was with the owner that went through them. The mills are much like a great fouring mill. The ccfIee IS cafrleu tO the top or the Dullu- ing, and it falls by gravity through the various machines The mill is run by electricity, and the machinery Is such that the dirt is taken out and the beans graded according to their size and char acter. The grading is exact, and out of the same sack will come Mocha and Java and almost every variety of cof- fee under the sun. Indeed, the most of the Mocha coffee we use has never seen Arabia. and almost every bit of our Java coffee is grown in Brazil.
 Every shipment of coffee has it's own treatment. and the value of the ship ments depends largely on where the coffee is raised. Some of the regions are as different from the others as the vuelto Abajo. which produces the finest Havana tobacco, Is different from the land that produces the stogy. Not only the soil, but the climate and elevation have to do with the product, each dis trict producing beans of q flavor which is of it's own kind and quality.
 This difference in coffee makes it's preparation for the markets an inn portant element of the industry. Every exporter has his own methods of sam bling the coffee and grading and pre- pairing 1t for shipment abroad. During my stay here I have visited some of the great houses that send. coffee to the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

iaay or may not be to the advantage of the product AS for me | prefer my coffee as the Lord paints it.
 And what is the natural color of coffee2
 The most of that which comes hers to Santos is a rich olive green, haviny more or less of a yellow tinge as the coffee grows older
 As the coffee comes into santos 1t ia rough rather than smooth It Is In this shape tt.t 1t is sent to the United Stases some other countries want their coffee polished, and Brazil has factories which shine the beans as you shine your silver The polishing is done by delicate brushes worked by machin- cry When finished the beans are Drr- feetly smooth, having polish like jade.
 am surprised at the changes that have taken place In Santos since my last visit. l visited this port in 1888 It was then known as the White Mans Crave It reeked with yellow fever and death stalked the streets. It ia now one of the most healthful cities of the tropics. Following the wonderful revolution in sanitary matters. brought about by our work at Panama, which has gone on over Brazil. Santos filled in the swamps about the water front, and uestroyeu the ulto-breed1ng area. It put in a new drainage system, in- augurated q government water supply and as result made the town almost as healthy as mountain village. The city has built about three miles of first class docks and has practically recon structed the business section It haa paved the streets with asphalt and laid down sidewalks of concrete.
 The town Is now wonderfully clean and well kept The buildings are of two. three and more stories. They are painted all the colors of the rainbow. The city has good system of electric cars. There is one line that takes you out to the beach at Guaruja. That is one of the finest in Brazil and upon it are hotels and cottages. The place is, in fact a summer resort for all parts of the republic.
 In the meantime Satos has trebled in population since my last visit. It has now in the neighborhood of 100,- GOO inhabitants, and 1t will continue to grow. It lies on q little island, close to the mainland at the foot of the Brazilian highlands. and just where the great down -sprout from the coffee plantations ends. It will always be . great coffee port, and, in addition, . banana industry and a sugar industry is growing up on the lowlands nearby.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

United States. The care taken is won derful. Every shipment, whether it be of 1000 bags or 50,0o0. is sampled and tested. The coffee Is graded according to quality and this is tested by sight, feel and taste. Coffee tasting is a pro- fession and there are men here in San tos who do nothing else. Every ship ment is carefully sampled and the sam pie is roasted and tasted. The result gives the grade and this is sent with the shipment to the United States, forming the basis of the price of the coffee and as to how 1t shall be sold
 It was with the manager of the Arbuckle company that I went through their sampling rooms. These were walled with shelves containing the cof- fee recently tested. Some of the sam pies were brought down and their quality pointed out. Some of the best coffee was labeled Mocha. This con sisted of beans as big as a pea. and of much the same shape. The beans were of a light color. and the manager told me that the coffee was three years old He says that the coffee beans grow better with age and that the coffee has a finer flavor after 1t is several years old.
 Passing on we came into the tasting room. One side of this was lined with an electric stove which had many small ovens heated by gas Jets. Each of these ovens was just large enough to contain one or two samples of coffee Then the green beans were put in to be roasted. the electricity was turned on and the gas lighted. From time to time spoonful Of them was taken out to be examined When they were of just the right color showing that they had been burned a tablespoonful from each sample was taken out and weighed. only enough being used to make q single cup of coffee. I think the weight was about 100 grains. It is only as much as you could put in an ordinary teaspoon. This was carefully done in order that the measure of cof- fee should in all cases be just the same in proportion to the amount of water. Fifteen samples were tested while I was present. Each of these was out and ground separately.
 The powder was then put into q cup [ bout half the size of an ordinary break fast coffee cup. and boiling water poured on 1t. The same process was carried on as to each of the other II samples. After the coffee had steeped few moments the, tasting began. The taster took q tea spoonful of coffee out of the first cup. and put it into his mouth. He held 1t there few seconds, and then spat it
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

the war in way of its own. The oth- CT half are in Moscow, brewing revo- lution with congress of Zemstvo rep resentatives.
 Except for the handful of irreconcil- able reactionaries. and except for the unstable. inc4ieulable "Tchern, the Duiiss iias the support of Russia. Near ly all newspapers: nearly all organs of local self-goverpment write and talk on the Duma side. After the first six municipal resolutions demanding dismissal of ministers and immediate reform, 12 of the small government capitals sent in their demands. We want a government which has the na- tions confidence." The Zemstvo coln- els are at the same work. In defiance of the police, semi-public meetings are held and threats are made. Either we shall be led against the foreign in- vader by ministers and generals whom we trust or we shall march ourselves against the domestic enemy" So pro- claims M. Irnioff. champion of lib- erty at Oriol. In his part--in the cen ter of the thickly peopled Black Earth provinces--the organization of revolt has begun. Millions of pamphlets at tackine equally the Germans and the bureaucracy are circulated. They bear the heading. "Doloi Samoderzhavie Doloi Niemtsevl!' Down with the au- tocracy: down with the Germans!' This is an element of strength in the new revolution. The revolution Is inspired by patriotism and nationalism; and against 1t no court. no bureaucrat will prevail. .
 March on Petrograd!" is a watch : word of the revolution. Petrograd Is the enemy. Moscow municipality pro claims that 'the Petrograd 'Tchinov- nix fthe officiaD is the Germans best ally; Petrograd has always been Rus sia's enemy" odessa and Rostovon- Don talk of a. separatist movement if Pet rograd's court and bureaucracy arc not put in their places. Odessa municipality says that until the people themselves orGanixe victory there will be only de- feat" David Lloyd -Georges state ment that Russia would follow revo-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31
CARPENTER TELLS HOW BRAZLIANS MAKE GOOD COFFEE

them to the crown of the head. holding the ends of the bags with the hands as they run up the boardwalk to the deck The men are brawny and full-chested They have necks like that of bull. the muscles of which have been turned to iron by the enormous weights which from boyhood they have been accustomed to carry on their heads
 Many of the steamers are now loaded with endless belts like those upon which wheat is carried from place to place in our great elevators. These belts run upon carriers which begin in the base ment of the great coffee warehouses and wind their way under the floor until they reach the wharves. Here they rise and travel overhead and empty their loads into the holds of the steamers. The bags are dropped on to the belts and are not touched again until they are packed in the holds. As they move along through the air they seem to be fairly alive. They look like gigantic mice or seals crawl ing along.
 Leaving the wharves. l went into the warehouses. There are more than a score running for mile or so along the docks. They cover acres and are packed from floor to roof. The bags are laid up like cordwood. and a warehouse may be a solid mass of these bags of cof- fee. Tn one of the warehouses the men were loading. Great lusty fellows. they were. bare to the waist and barefooted. Their muscles were like those of prize fighters. and all were broad shouldered and thick necked. I took out my watch and counted their speed. They dropped the bags on the chute at the rate of one every second. At every time my watch licked 132 pounds of coffee fell upon the travelling belt and started on it's way to the hold of the steamer. The hourly stream measured a little less than 5000 pounds and every F hours something like 100000 pounds of coffee were loaded by each of the belts.
 This, work begins in July and keeps on for. months. At times more than 50.000, GOO pounds are loaded in single day an amount sufficient to give every man. woman and child in the United States one-half pound and leave some to spare. At the same time more Brazilian coffee is being loaded at Rio de Janeiro and at Bahia and elsewhere. The total crop of the country is two-thirds that of the whole world. In some years 1t has amounted to in the neighborhood of 20,- 000,0O0 bags. and of this l5.000, GOO have come from Santos alone. In 1913 the crop was more than 100000 bags. and it's value was over $200. COOL 900.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

lutionary Frances example is comin g true. For the first time in Russia s history. liberty and patriotism go hand in hand. That is why the new revolu- ton attracts the nationalist and inn perialist classes who 10 years back were repelled and disgusted by the re- formers openly expressed desire for their country'g defeat by Japan.
 Petition of Rights Rejected
 Russia's petition of rights has for the time being been rejected by the court. This petition is the pr0- gramme of indispensable reforms which the Duma majority of 300 pro : claims to be Indispensable if the war is to go on. The petition of rights Is signed by six prominent Duma mem
 ,ers: and by two members of the coun- ell of the empire. Russia's upper cham Der. The petition demands 13 radical changes in the present conditions of government, and IA specific legisla tive acts which will formally embody the reforms. The chief demands of change of policy are these:
 1. Dismissal of all ministers and sub stitution of cabinet which has the na- tion's confidence. 2. A definite policy for the treatment of all races. 5. Dis missal of vicious local officials and in sistence that the new officials shall govern according to law 4 Amnesty for all persons In jail for political of lenses and permission to return home for all political exiles. 5. Establish ment of liberty of conscience as prom ised by the Czar's manifesto of Octo- Der 17. 1905. S. Complete liberty for Poles with a law establishing Polish autonomy eff Poland is ever won back !. :. Complete liberty for Jews. 6. Con ciliation for Finland 2. Restoration of the suppressed ukrainian press. 10. Permission to form professional and la bor associations. The new laws de- handed are: Equality of rights for peasantry with other classes; complete reforming of town and local rural ad : ministrations: extension of local self .government to many provinces which are administered by bureaucrats: drink
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

numbers 300 members out of 446. Ihey are determined to achieve a complete, radical, turn-upside-down of court and bureaucracy. They demand revolution. because only through revolution can the German and Austrian legfons be beatcu The "Black People" are the third party to the revolution. They are revolutionary without knowing what they want. They are the landless peasants, the submerged town workers, the vagabonds. criminals, and bare-legged brigades, who make up a great part of Russia. Only in days of terror and menace do they come from their lurking holes. The feeling of the "Tchern" for the mildly-revolutionizing Duna Is as bitter and eontemptuous as is the feeling of the Duma for the court and the bureaucracy. If neither court with bureaucracy. nor Duma backed by the bourgeois .Intelligentsiya," estab- lsEes order and brings victory. the Black People" will arise, and sweep out of existence both.
 Not Time For Reform
 Ten years back Car Nicholas had a lesson in the folly of Bargaining with revoiutionaries That fig why he has taken the bold the rls.Sy step. of going to the army. The Duma swears that with out government trusted by the people. without immediate reforms, the war against Germany cannot be continued. Nicholas IT thinks otherwise. At the first meeting of the national defense commit tee he told Duma Speaker Rodzianko that 'the one thing to think of now is beating the enemy" This is not the time for reforms
 The. Duma persists; the semi-revo1u- tionary municipalities of six big towns have passed resolutions declaring that war is inconceivable without radical reform Nicholas II has replied by pro- rogpsng the Duma. The Duma coali- ti>n majority. of 300 refuses to dis Spersc: and today half the 300 are ,ii, Fetrokrad. sitt!ng as an unofficial quasi-revoiutionary committee with the aim of: seixinE the government In Nieh- oias If's ab6ence, pushing through re- forms and organizing the conduct of
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

crossed the Gulf of Finland to Finland. and there aggravated the misery caused by stoppage Of foreign trade. ''Only ener- getic measures taken by the government and society," says the Moscow municipal petition, can prevent universal starva- tion."
 Cynical Russians declare that the salva- tion is not to come. The trouble is ttzt none of the classes competing for power has the will to establish order and or- ganization. The leaders in, the Duma revolution. and signatores Of the petition of rights, come from the ''intelligcntsiya'' class. They are clever. cultivated, and honest men; but the revolution of 1905 showed them to be without the Iron need- cd in an iron time. First comes M. Nich- olas Lvoff. Lvoff is the Zemstvo admin istrator who with half dozen colleagues went to Czar Nicholas In 1905, and warned him of the ruin which was impending as result of the misgovernment of the court and bureaucracy. He has achieved rothng since. The next signatory. Count Vladimir Bobrinsky, Is leader of tho new progressive section of Duma nationalists. Bobrinsky was educated in England; he is sharp-tongued man. who belonged first to the revolutionary radicals; in the Duma he aspired to lead the anti-Semife and violently reactionary Black Hundred and now wants to play a middle role He is an honest man without admlnistra- tive talent. The most important Of the other protesters Is Prof. P Miliukoff Miliukoff has for 10 years been chief Of the cadet party. which officially calla itself Party of National Freedom" He is a good wire-puller and party-manaeer. primed with threadbare politicai maxirns from early Victorian English radicalisn3. and he Is the organizer Of the greafent fiasco in Russia's droll history This io the event called The vyborg Cracknel . Vyb0rg town In Finland is famous fop. cracSnels. Tn early summer 1908. C1ar Nicholas dissolved the first revolutiona l5 Duma. The Duma Cadet party ana few others. led by Miliukoff. repaired IT. Vybors, and made quasl-revolutfonn1
 tCenti.sed ea Psss Five,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-10-31

' I iNAois(7-A1OlS INuo1id iS iidii NdS
 towards revolution-revolution
 peaceful. so far. but broader. more menacing, and more hopeful than the abortive revolution which followed the war with Japan. The causes are the same; the initial symptoms are the same; the men are the same. There Is the same Czar: with most of the same bureau crats; there is the same liberal bour- geoisie with all the old leaders and catchwords. and there is the same black people The Black People the 'Tchern"-is the third party to the revolution. The only differences to beat the Japanese; and the second revolution does want to beat the Ger mans. and that the first revolution never had a chance of success, whereas the second revolution is bound to win.
 Russia's second revolution Is the fruit of military defeat. No defeated state in this warfcan escape revolution. Some prophets say there will be revolution everywhere-victors will have it as much as. vanquished. Some who see no other hope of salvation in the war, see hope here. An Nnivereal catastfophe will do Europe GRod. Countries tl1at- are first defeated s$silf first begin. Russia which has borbe. the greatest burden of war and has had the sorest disappoihtments has beGuu already.
 Revolution began when Car Nicholas IT dismissed Grand Duke Nicvholas. made for army headquarters. and sent the phrase-led revolutionixing Duma about its business. This coup d'etat has cleared the ground Tor the, three parties to the struggle. One party is the Car and court with the higher generals who now give him advice. helped by old honesy. Lut ineiastic Prime Minister Gc-s,nylxin and few industrious bureaucrats like Finance Minister Bark and Communfca4 tIono lfinister Ruchloff. Against them i3 the Duma-all of the Duma that counts oAd hos assouE The Duma reform party