davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

Christmas sale will be held at the
Swedish Lutheran church parlors,
Dec. 1O.-Adv. 16d129
The bazaar given by the ladies of
| the Methodist church, Wednesday,
Dec 1, was largely attended. The
proceeds were $85.
Good cheer and happiness will be
yours if you have Grafonola in
your home. For sale by Beltrami
Music Co.-Adv. 6d124
J. H. Bliler of Columbus, Ohio,
arrived in the city Wednesday eve
ming and is visiting at the home of
his son, r. K. Bliler.
Room and board by day or week.
Separate if desired. Rooms modern,
hot water heat. Julia Titus, Fifth
and MINI. Phone 812.-Adv.
6d1216
Misses D. Holland and Emma Nor
gan of Solway, who have visited
friends at Becida for short time,
returned to their home Thursday.
All school boys and girls can Sc
cure tickets for the Toyland Show
at the Given Hardware store Satur-
day, free of charge. Call at the store.
ADV. 2d123
B. w. Lakin, superintendent of the
logging department of the Crookston
Lumber company, Plant No. 1, left
last evening for the Twin Cities on
business.
John Moak, Taxidermist, tans all
kinds of hides. Deer skins tanned
for buckskin. Ships goods to Be-
midi, MIMI, and notify John Moak,
Nymore, Minn.-Adv. dips
| There were rs births and only five
deaths in Bemidji during the month
of November, according to a report
made by DR.. E. A. Shannon, city
physician.
When in need of competent book
keepers or stenographers, experienced
or inexperienced, apply to Kennedy
Business College, St. Cloud, MIMI
Adv. 12d123
Among the callers in Bemidji to-
day are Robert E. DeLung of Walk
err, E. 2. Mack Of Willow River, H.
A. Larson of Denver, Colo, L. G.. Le-
lande, Littlefork, F. Seidel, Rockford,
L. R. Enger of Owatonna and L. O..
Day of Devils Lake, N. D.
The Scandinavian Lutheran ladies
will hold a bazaar in the church par
lors Dec. 3 and 4, afternoon and
evening". A Csc supper will be
served Friday from $3.50 on.-Adv.~
5d123
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

Misses D. Holland and Emma Nor
gan of Solway, who have visited
friends at Becida for short time,
returned to their home Thursday.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

Rev. FIR. j. Wurm, Chancellor Of
Diocese Of the Cathedral at Crook
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

All school boys and girls can Sc
cure tickets for the Toyland Show
at the Given Hardware store Satur-
day, free of charge Call at the store.
ADV. 2d123
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

There were rs births and only five
deaths in Bemidji during the month
of November, according to a report
made by DR.. E. A. Shannon, city
physician.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

The CT. L. t." club was entertain
ed by Mrs. Gust Johnson of Nymore
yesterday afternoon.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

John Moak, Taxidermist, tans all
kinds of hides. Deer skins tanned
for buckskin. Ships goods to Be-
midi, MIMI, and notify John Moak
Nymore, Minn.-Adv. DIPS
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

B. w. Lakin, superintendent of the
logging department of the Crookston
Lumber company, Plant No. /, left
last evening for the Twin Cities on
business.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

Remember that IL photographs
make - Christmas presents. Hak-
kerup's studio. Phone 239.-Adv. If
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

Feeling blue Buy a Grafonola.
1t chases 'em. Let us demonstrate.
Beltrami Music Co.-Adv. 6d124
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

Have your furniture repaired at
the Bargain Store. First-class work
at reasonable prices.-Adv. If
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-12-03

Miss Ella Rylander returned yes
terday from Oaks, N. D., having COM
pleted her seasons work as milliner
at that place.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
1880 TO 2 p. NJ.
2 to 2:3O p. M.
2:30 to 8 p. NJ.

IOo0 Cons Trac n J 6s
500 Flee & Poop Tr As
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
BUSINESS OUTLOOK HERE
REPORTED AS BRIGHTER
Actual Trade Conditions Show Little
Change, However.

Although actual business conditions in
Philadelphia are reported TO be little
changed this week, the outlook is much
brighter. In some lines of trade slight
improvement is noted, but the betterment
Is not general.
In their weekly review of business con-
ions in this city r. G. Dun & Co. say:
Conditions in the local cotton market
are irregular and unsettled. buying is of
a desultory nature and prices lack firm
ness. Whatever sales are made in the
cotton yarn line are principally with those
engaged i'm the manufacture of military
goods. Most dealers are still optimistic
and are looking for improved conditions.
The iron and steel market presents no
special features, and developments dur
ing the last week have been unimpOr-
tant, Railroad buying continues In n
moderate way. but the shipbuilding in
dustry is well employed and furnishes
considerable tonnage to manufacturers of
finished material. Good contracts are
reported in hand by shipbuildlng plants.
There appears TO he a difference of
opinion expressed with regard to condl.
lions now existing i'm the hardware trade.
In some quarters those consulted report
n fairly good amount of business having
been transacted during the last week, as
compared with 1914, while others report
a falling off in trade,
Conditions in the building and contract
ing lines show some improvement and a
fair amount of new work is being esti-
mated on. Competition is keen and fig
ures at which work is being taken in
dicate a small margin of profit, The new
york started the past week, while
amounting to less than the preceding
week, which was somewhat increased
by several dwelling operations. was a
DECIDED increase over the last week of
February, 1914,
Wholesalers and jobbers in groceries
report conditions below normal, buying
being very conservative and of a hand
to-moutn order. Collections are also re-
ported slow. Retailers report conditions
auIet,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
MAY WHEAT DROPPED
ON PEACE RUMORS
Reported Cancellation of Con-
tracts From Abroad Caused
Decline Today.

CHICAGO, March Son reports Of
large cancellations Of foreign contracts
for wheat because of the rumored nego-
~tietions for peace in Europe and the fact
that the allied fleet continues to smash
its way through the D~ardanelles. the
May wheat opened lower today, showing
a loss of 2s cents, at Si.37la, while July
began % of a cent higher, at $i.t3ia. Later
May dropped to s134%, down as cents.
while July declined to st107s, of ? cents.
Before the close. however, some support
ing orders were put out and prices re-
corded from the low May ended at Sl.3S.
showing a loss of 1% cents from yester-
day. July closed at the same price as
yesterday.
The consumption of wheat throughout
the United Kingdom is very large, aver
aging during the past three months
4,S0O.OW bushels weekly.
ArRentina's shipments of wheat arc lib
eral and the weather there Is more favor
able switzerland is reported buying
heavily through Italy.
Sales Of cash oats to the scaboard at
Western terminal markets yesterday
aggregated about 2,5OO,OOO bushels.
Leading futures ranged as follows.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
DREssED.-The market ruIe

Tioga, from a real estate standpoint,
has had it's ups and own in the last SIX
or seven years, and there is a good deal
going on now and there will be more when
the spring comes.
The removal of the Home for orphans
of odd Fellows of Pennsylvania from It's
large property on the west side OF 2Oth
street, extending from Ontario street 10
Estaugh street, has offered an opportu-
nifty for the Improvement of the property
Two-story dwellings, with porch fronts
and terraces, will be built on the grounds
It has also been definitely settled that
the CITY of Philadelphia will take for a
public mark the tract of land at the north-
east corner of 10Th and Ontario streets
extending to the Philadelphia, Germah-
town and Norristown Railroad and includ-
ing the properties at l92I-29-3l ontario
street and 34Ol to 1923 North 10Th street
ON these properties the city and the l'ead,
ing Railway Company have alreauS pau
damages for the change OF grace III the
nroceedings to remove grade crossings
The Grade on ontario street was very
severe and properties were leit " ieet
above the old grade. m -Oth street II
was about nine feet at the corner ana RAJ"
n1lt a I ADIlAL a = aH'Af ~"N'' Z
Hearings will be held before the Board
Of Viewers and owners will present testl-
monv to prove what their holalhgs are
worth. II would seem as II an addltlonal
hardship had been placed upon them by
Inc double proceedings, first ior the daIn-
age bv reason of the chang or grade IN
Tqit and now for the entire taking or
what remains.
TIE section Of suburban Tioga, from
Allegheny avenue TO TioEa street ana
from 18th street to 2lst street, before the
atoIition of grade crossings. was one OF
the most attractive of P~hiladelphia's SUI
On WestmnreIand street. with free use
~ cement. nearly all the dwellings APP
no,r with terraces and steps. At the two
Gamers of Irbcr street the stores have
neon adjusted. vet there is no rush of
tenants. Gratz street and tber street,
rom Westmorelaud street to Ontario
street have been altered even where the
street dropped six feet. In these streets,
where line rent was formerly SIS 20 S22 per
month. the range today is from Sl5 To SIS,
Were il not for the fact that many prop
critics are occupied BY owners, rents
would certainly go lower. A complete re
coverv does not seem possible,
The consensus of opinion OF real estate
mon and of owners Of property living on
the ground seems to be that rents are
not coming back to old figures very fast,
The trouble Is that after a change OF
grade like the conditions i'm Tioga rows
of houses quilt to conform are left up and
Some owners do not him that
adjustments can be mad The properties
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
ESTATE NEWS

are ruined far as the owners are con-
cerncd. They take the award. large or
small, and move away, leaving what is
left in the hands of an agent with diree-
ton to sell, If possible.
The claim of the city and the railroad
that they cannot make the owners Of
property spend the award in making the
adjustments, and therefore they are not
responsible for unsettled conditions. Is
unly true in part,
y grade like the one Tioga has had to
adjust itself TO Is TOO severe 10 come sud-
denly and without warning. Many cases
have been appealed, and a great many
cases of individual hardship could be
cited, one of these is hat of a man own
ing a house in a row near the grade, but
not actually abuttlng upon II, who had
to lower his rent or lose his tenant, and
who apparently, under the law as 1t now
stands, has little standing I'm court. How
ever, in the past few months, Judges and
juries ave shown an attitude more ia
vorable to such claims where losses are
proved and traced TO the nearby grade.
LESSOR.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
RAPID TRANSIT
in STRONG DEMAND
Local Market Displayed Inn
proving Tendency-Baldwin
Preferred at New Minimum.

Although not particularly active, the
Philadelphia market displayed a distinctly
firm tone during the greater part OF to-
days session. All interest at the opening
centred in the traction issues as a result
of the passage of the transit ordinance,
and both Union Traction and Rapid
Transit scored advances. The latter was
relatively stronger than the former. The
street appeared to be of the opinion that
the present plan would be defeated at the
polls, BE that as It may, very optimistic
expressions were heard as TO the market
possibilities of both stocks.
In the afternoon United States Steel
became buoyaut advancing across 45.
Some of the buying orders were reported
to be coming from New York. The Phila-
delphia Electric issues also displayed an
improving tendency. A fracture Of the
pond market was n rise of 1la points in
Welsbach 6s.
Bids for Keystone Telephone stock and
bonds found the market bear and the
price promptly advanced for both issues.
Lehigh Valley Transit was another strong
spot on buying by the post broker, and
Pennsylvania Salt was picked up by
investors at the minimum price of so,
which is the lowest point this old invest
ment issue has sold In many years, 1t Is
Understood that a certain amoun of liQui-
dation for an estate has been completed.
The company is said to be doing very
well under the new management.
BALDWIN Locomotive preferred prompts
~ fell to its new minimum limit at the
opening today. This was a drop OF )
points to 90, but later 1t recovered some
OF the loss. Only a few odd lots changed
hands, but the Street opposition to retain
ing any mlnlinums on purely local Issues
Is growing. Today some severe criticism
was heard among brokers' offices concern
ing the committees policy. Incidentally
American Railways shares fell two points
this afternoon to the new minimum limit
of 80.
There was a slightly nrmer tone to the
local money market. Commercial paper
running six months with the best names,
which recently sold at 3ta to 3a per cent.
today brought 4 and AZ per cent. The
banks are buying moderately again. The
fact that all clearing house certificates
and emergency currency have been re-
tired has placed institutions in the posi-
ton not only to buy paper but also bonds.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05

MISUNDERSTANDING Title & Trust Com
Nsnsh regular semiannual 4 per cent. ma yabie
America 20 70 stock OF record March Ia.
- y per cent. on preferred. payable Aprn i ~
siask OF record Marcl III APT" 1 70
Western Electric COMPANY. reguIar nrarto.t,
sis Payahle March 81 10 stock OF record
canadian Locomotive Company, regular
mn IP'lA per cent. on preferred. payable
tolanlous Railway, Power and Light Cam
I1hsY' regular quarterly III per cent, on series
feoFd March rs. s'och OF
SAsdlean Beet Sugar, regular quarterly ~
steaA OF record March II 10
maefborough Rapid Transit, regular ouartar
reeerd March %. " :" STUCK OF
aenssy Realty Company, regular quarterly
feeofd March %. STOCK NJ
american Beet Sugar Company. regular ,,a-
le per cent. on preferred. payable Apru
! y stock OF record March n h
eeN york State Railways COMPANY. uspat
as9dtstls "a per cent, on preferred and omar
aNassii Der cent. On common both payable
aFfA l 10 stock OF record March rs.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05

For the year ended December 81 the
Corn Products Refining Company reported
= surplus available for dividends of 50, $685.
III, an increase of $50 01.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05

r,tat sales. 81 $4,000, compared EstSh 81, 592, p
con sssterdav; thus far this week, sl3, $50, 600
same. period last week, 50. as3,Ooo.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
STOCKS UP
APPOINT AND MORE
r.olers Led in Upward Move
ment-Steel Suit May Be
Settled Soon.

r,,, voRK. March 5.-After an irres-
.or,rg today the stock market be-
strong. although there was very lit
,,,rond and what trading was lone
..,roinaIly by professionals, outsiders
"" ..,,ra in. Short covering and a re-
NJ ~ the rumors that negotiations
under way for early peace in Eur
- thought to be responsible for
.,-oreer tone. Around midday prices
:, obont a half all the way round,
AM IN some of the specialties larger
.avances were made
extensive covering of shorts and a
IN end Investment demand the
AIRY .srLet b~roadened out materially
stoch afternoon session. Many issues
v .s.re not dealt in during the morn
tnse w. y. brought out. on this buying
ing w,acsd strength developed and adj
piouoV N n point and over were quite
enmon throughout the list.
sgnansaad shares were particularly
AIuS and led the upward swing,
l fsv 4 the whole market following their
'anrss 10 higher levels. Many of the
.ssadard railroad issues Wed for leader
sEst with the balance in v OF the
sssisrs. strong spots in this group We're
n.aalns which touched 1l5A, for an ad-
49, of 1874; Chesapeake and Ohio and
shisb valley, both up over a point.
c.asdian Pacific was 25s at the close.
M streneth was maintained to the close.
mn inward turn was more pronounced
~ an auv day since the swing toward
high levels began
Troders said that the strength of the
..arLst was due more than anything else
y ~ report that the Government suit
,s.inet the Steel Corporation would soon
x settled. Chairman Gary denied that
.e,fsrences between the corporations at
,orneys had been held and that a salts
\ c,orv agreement would be reached, or
Ia already been agreed on. In many
quarters of the street, however, 1t was
MA that the courts will lose no time
in reaching a decision, in view of the
lmnortance of the suit. Steel common
touched 45h up III.
Tho Street appears to be more and more
.urs that the European war will n soon.
Although no one processes to nave any
~nositive information that anything definite
kss heen done, IL is believed by many that
sonoe negotiations are under way.
strengthening this belief that peace will
,oon come is the report that large orders
for munitions recently placed here have
been cancelled. Rumors are also current
that contracts for large supplies of Amer
lean wheat have also been annulled, both
this reason and on the belief that the
allied feet will be successful in smashing
its way through the Dardanelles.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
Financial Briefs

The spot quotation for raw sugars adj
yaneed 10 points to AT cents.
Exports of copper from New York, Phil
adelphla and Baltimore for the week end
Ing March 4 totaled 6097 ton against $3.50
q year ago; since March l, 1855 tons.
There was listed on the local Exchange
$4,000 additional Atlantic City Electric
Company first and refunding sinking 5
per cent. gold bonds due 1888 and $3.50, 900
additional preferred stock of the Vir-
glnla Railway and Power Company.
The total amount of money in circula-
tion on March 1, according to the United
States Treasury monthly statement, was
s3fs0s@, GIG, which showed a falling off of
i3,Sl,29 from February l, but was $11,-
65i507 more than on March 2, 1914.
The American Smelling Company ad-
yaneed the price of lead from $50 to 5.95.
For the year ended December 81 the
Corn Products Refining Company reported
. surplus available for dividends of $780,
III, an increase of $2O,3O1,
The New York Cotton Exchange mem
bership of Louis Starr, Jr., has been sold
for SO,SOO. Last sale was at $40, 1850.
According to Bradstreet's exports of
wheat this week were S,433,O 900 bushels;
last week 1855, 600 bushels; last year B.
bdIoW bushels; since July l, 379, S37, 900
bushels; year ago 1870, 1884, 900 bushels. Corn
shipments this week 2,616,O 900 bushels, last
week $4,000, last year 81, 900. Corn ship
ments since July l amounted to 10, 1929, 600
bushels compared with 2,O23, 900 bushels
curing the same period a year age.
reports from Baltimore say plans are
under way for the organization of a hold
ing corporation to take over control of the
consolidated Gas. Electric Light and
rover Company, the Pennsylvania Water
ana Power Company, the United Railways
ana Electric Company, the Maryland
ana Pennsylvania, with perhaps some
o.ner outside corporations.
! was said that inquiries regarding a
market for Canadian Pacific in German
names brought no better bid than is
points under the market. Such stock can
~, De transferred and the dividend will
ho' De paid on it during the continuance
OF the war.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05

The American Smelling Company adj
yanced the price of lead from $50 to S.95.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
DAIRY PRODUCTS

BUTTER.-The market declined ic. under
a liEht demand aud Increased pressure TO sen
creamery. fancy. specials. 3ac,: extra, a,lc ,G,X,
ira irsts. zoe; drsts, 2Tm23c,; seconds ~
nearby prints, fancy. aic.; do average extra,
3SH.i do. nrsts, aOH32c.; do, seconds. ~2h4f2Ic.;
special brands ~ prints jobbing at 30d4lc.
EGGS.-Demnnd was fairly active and the
market ruled steady at tho late decline, quo.
tptions. In free ca ses, nearby extra. 22c, per
dnl.; nearby nrsts. SB.ll per standard case
nearby. current receipts. So per case; western,
extra hrsts, SG.15 per case; do, frsts, SO per
fasc; Southern. So. TOd6 per case fancy Sc
lectcd candlcd fresh eggs were jobbed out at
2i02GH. per dor.
CHEESE sold slowly, but ruled steady un-
der moderate offerings. Quotations: New
York. fun cream, fail make, choice. l!dliLc.:
do. do. fair to good. 1GitdlGAC.; do cur
rent make, 5igdlBc. do, part skins, SdlSc.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05

The New York Cotton Exchange mem
bership of Louis Starr, Jr,, has been sold
for NO,5OO. Last sale was at $10.75O.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
PROVISIONS

Trade was quiet, hut values We're steadily
ana air.dried, 25d26c. Western beef, in
sets, smoked, 25d26c. city beef. knucbSlles
and tenders, smoked and a%ir-dried, ,2fG
Csc. Western beef. knuckles and tenders.
smoked, .2Td2sc reef hams S3lu32; pork
auily, S23O2H. jOi hams. s. p. cured, loose,
l'tid ili,c, do. sklnncd, loose. i2llpl2.e.'
DO. do, smoked, i34Ii4c.: other haims'
ltiil'sc.; do. Western cured. tldll4!sg,; do,
bottled. bonciess. .2lI2lc.; picnic sh9ui5lerI' "a
l2c.; heIlIss in Pickle, according to AVERAGE
loose, l3a1SSc.; breakfast bacon as 70 ur1orrn1
cured, .l7Uisc; lard, Western, refined uerges'
llltTliltC do, do. tubs, lltiUllFae'', no
pure city, Kettle rendered, In tierces, llltH
1ti,c do, pure city. kettle rendered In TUBS
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05

The total amount of money in circula-
ton on March 1, according to the United
States Treasury monthly statement, was
p,i6G,s 500, 9l6, which showed a falling off of
Bs@0,&9 from February l, but was Sill
E5.5G7 more than on March Q, 1914.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
Eel ApvERTIsRaIRNTs
IN THE COURT or COMMON PLEAS
Ne. 1, OF Philadelphia County.
n...uuL.n LaEma mn 49, -

III III |TW7 TIT
Notice Is hereby given that an application
Will be made to the above Court ON Monday.
March -. 1918, az 10 o'clock a. msi under tha
act OF April - loI4 aud the supplements
ration 10 be called MUTUAL BENEFICIAL
AND PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION OF n
EMPLOYEES OF THE BUREAU OF WATER.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. Tbs
character and object Of which Is; To inprota
the e~fIciency OF the working force Of Lhe
Bureau Of Water. 70 develop the Intellectual
and social c~ompanlonship Of It's members. &c
promote their welfare generally and 10
a fund for the payment d certain
benefits Ia eases Of sickness. injury or daskH
OF members. ana for these purposes = hAsa
and possess and en1eF all the EfEhlF heHaazz
and privileges Of the said Get # Aszsn84s
and as supplements
The proposed Charter IS nov On file IA tbs
OMcq 81 tbs F~Fofhonqtarg-
HERBERT 4 MAhass
Solicitor.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-05
N. u. Graves Co. Reorganization

The creditors OF the N. z. Graves Company,
paint manufacturers, whose failure occurred
in May, 1913, arc organizing a new corpora
ton to take over the assets of the company.
and continue the business. which has been
carried on ever since the failure. The new
concern will be called the N. Il. Graves
Corporation. and application for a charter VIII
be made on March 90,
president OF the First National Bank: William
T. Elliott, president Of the Central National
Bank; and Paul clayton, Of Brown & Clayton,
commercial paper brokers. All three are menu
bers OF the Creditors Protective COMMITTEES.