davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
interior of Modern Poultry House.

ration In their owner He looks at his
worry in the least about them as In
diyiduals. We are going through
rather rapid change. however. and
farm poultry is going to get better care.
The way this is coming about will
mean a much greater production with
in the next few years. In the past
grain was cheap and few bushels
more or less made little difference.
But with grain high in price we are
going to pay more and more attention
to the returns from every bushel.
The best way to get most farmers
interested In poultry is to get them
to settle down to some particular va
riety. AS soon as the flock is all Of
one size. shape and color visitors will
begin to admire them. The owner
will begin to pay more and more at
tention to them, and this extra atten-
tion will mean more winter eggs. Be-
cause as soon as the owner begins to
get proud of the flock he fixes up the
house, nails on the loose boards,
cleans out the filth, puts in fresh
straw, whitewashes the house and
does everything possible to make it
comfortable for the hens. He changes
his attitude entirely and instead of
kicking the hens out of the way gives
them time to get out of the way. He
begins to look at each hen as an indi-
vidual and as producer of eggs that
are worth money.
Just as soon then as the owner be-
gins to take interest in the flock, a
large part of the hit-or-miss method
of care disappears and in turn the
hens begin to get place in the reg
ular farm routine just the same as the
rest of the live stock.
Insect pests is subject that is
getting to be of greater and greater
Importance. In many sections we find
that the birds that are the natural
destroyers of insects are getting
thinned out to such an extent that
some substitute must be found. The
farmers flock of chickens can be used
to splendid advantage as grasshopper
catchers and at the same time prove
profitable. Thus we have troublesome
insects removed from the farm and
converted into egg or poultry meat.
The farm grows larger crops and the
chickens have fuller crops" made up
largely from the natural waste on the
farm.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
IMPORTANCE or MILK HOUSE
Difficult to Properly Care for Dairy
Products in Summer Without
Suitable Building.

During the hot weather it is almost
impossible to care for dairy products
on the farm without suitable milk
house. o. E. Reed OF the Kansas Ag-
ricultural college offers the following:
Milk must be produced under sani-
tary conditions. and to do this the milk
house should be either separate from
the dairy barn or arranged in such a
way that odors from the barn do not
get to 1t.
A 10 by 12-foot milk house is good
size for the average farm. 1t should
be built with a cement floor and have
a drain at the center to carry away
the waste. The equipment should con-
sist of refrigerating tank, 80 by SO
Inches, inside measure. This win ac-
commodate four milk cans. There
should also be a cooler, aerator, wash
and separator.
A windmill on the side nearest the
retrigerating tank will pump cold wa
ter from the well into one corner Of
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
(By JAMES G. HALPIN. Secretary Of
VI isconsin Poultry Associationl

(By JAMES G. HALPIN. Secretary of
Wisconsin Poultry Association.I
The principal reason for keeping
poultry Is to furnish fresh eggs and
fresh meat for our own tables.
This is particularly true of the
general farmer, who is usually located
at some distance from meat market
and for the most part has to depend
on his own meat supply, which, were
1t not for the chickens and ducks,
would have to be sailed meat during
the summer. Few of JUS realize how
much the poultry does toward supply
ing us with good things for our table
Too many general farmers depend
on their women folks to do all of the
work about the poultry yards. 1t is
true that a large part of the work is
often better done If left to the women
folks. but there are certain things
that should be done by the man He
should at least see to it that the
house is kept well cleaned and occa-
sionally sprayed or whitewashed. He
ohNdA0 oioO cCO ~ ~ tbot NnC AOuoC
Is kept in repair and the necessary
fixtures made and so arranged that
the work of caring for the flock is
reduced to minimum. The old hen
likes to range about the barnyard on
good days. but she should have plenty
of straw in her own house so that she
can busy herself digging in it when
the weather is bad. He should be just
as careful to see to it that the hens
are well bedded as any other live
stock on the farm. On stormy days.
especially, the man of the house
should do the feeding and take a gen.
eral interest in the production in
stead of limiting his interest to the
consumption of the groceries pur-
chased by the eggs.
Most farmers carry on their poultry
work in a hit-or-miss fashion that
would spell disaster if used in all the
farm operations. This is the obser-
walton made by careful business
man in well-to-do farming commu
nifty. The question follows: why do
our general farmers neglect their poul
try as they do and why do the authori-
ties keep insisting that more than 80
per cent Of the poultry and eggs are
produced on the general FARM"
Probably the principal reason why
so many farm fiocks are badly neg
lected is because they are scrub stock
and do not, therefore, excite any admi-
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25

With squads selling at from 35 to so
cents each it would seem that pigeon
raising would be highly profitable, but
our advice is to go slow before engag-
ing in the business to any consider
able extent.
Pigeon raising is really speciality
and one is hardly able to make sue
cess of it without some training. In
the first place, no one except an ex-
pert can detect the difference between
the males and females; always one
should have a guaranty that they are
properly mated.
An excess of cocks will result In the
production of small and unhealthy
squads.
There is no fixed system in the rails
ing of squads Like swimming, it must
be learned from actual experience.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
GIVE THE VEGETABLES ROOM
Much Garden Truck Ruined by Not
Being Trimmed Out at Proper
Time-Nerve Required.

Do not be afraid to thin out your
plants-they must not be crowded.
Probably more garden stuff has been
ruined for want OF being thinned at
the proper time than by any other
cause
However that may be. one of the
most puzzling things for the begin
ner to find out is whether any par
ticular vegetable should be thinned
or transplanted. and how far apart
the plants should stand afterward
He will get some help from the
catalogues as to the distances, but
whether he should transplant or thin
is the kind of thing that is not in the
book
1t requires a great deal of nerve 70
pull up and destroy the unnecessary
seeding-more nerve than the anna.
teur possesses. They say that a per-
son never becomes a good gardener
until he steels his nerve to this
ruthless sacrifice.
A vegetable must have plenty OF
room to develop its best size and
flavor. and one can take no pride In
small. commonplace vegetables.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
pr CLEANING THE CHURN
flnse With Cold Water to Re-
+ suttermiIk, Salt, Etc, Then
Scald Thoroughly.

Z ready to clean, first rinse the
Nlh cold water to remove all
ErAlk' salt etc. then partially
ehurn with boiling water, put
Id and fasten loosely so that
Fam can escape, withdraw the
II plug and whirl the churn.
pressure on the inside caused
creation of steam from the hot
VIII force water into every
oI the churn. After a few rev.
L, draw or the water and put
l'Aer lot boiling hot. and re-
pe "hirling. Draw off the wa
iH' let The churn stand a few
1 SO it will drain then turn the
/ up and let it dry.
occasional rinsing out with lime
| fll help to keep a churn sweet.
'lef dairy utensils should be
scaIaed and dried with the
Ere Then keep inverted in a
20 or exposed to the sun,
~ = dlF' can be blown into them,
~ netting over the top.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
DAIRY NOTES
Regularity in feeding pays.

Regularity in feeding pays.
The more the study, the greater the
success in dairying.
The difference is in the COW, rather
than the feed or mixer or the churn.
The farm separator is too good a
stepmother for the calf to get along
without.
The more a man appreciates the
maternity of the dairy cow the better
dairyman he is.
Immediately after milking, strain
the milk from the pail through three
thicknesses of cheese cloth.
Some cows not only do not make
a profit but are kept at a loss, as
they do not give enough milk to pay
for their feed.
1t is not hard for a dairy farmer
to sleep well on cold winter nights
when he has a silo full of corn and
barn full of hay.
Grain and feed marketed through
the butter mold and the cream can
will generally bring top prices, no
matter how the market may be for
your grain and feed.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
COULDN'T LET HIM GET AWAY
suitor Was Not Only Acceptable, but
Altogether Too Good for Her
Daughter.

He was gotten up regardless, as he
walked into the private office OF the
leading woman suffragist. Bowling and
placing his hand on his heart. he said,
earnestly:
Madam, have come to ask from
you the hand of your fair daughter.
She tells me that she has the right to
accept me without your consent. but
we both feel as matter of courtesy
to you your blessing should be OBJ
tanned"
Have you your eugenic certih-
cater"
Right here, madam. Think you will
find it correct in every particular
And your financial rating?"
These papers give list of my hold
ings, together with my references
from leading bankers"
"Ah, yes. And your pedigree"
is in this chart That red spot in
the center. about halfway along, is
where Adam fell"
Seems correct. Will you walk
back and forth, easily. naturally. for
a few moments?"
Certainly, madam.
"Ahl That will do. And now, young
man, you wish to have my decision?"
If you please"
my daughter has made the mis-
take of her life. She can never marry
YOU
But why, madam"
We'll, If you must know, I've de-
cided to take you myself.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25

recognize them as friends. Thus many
of these helpful little insects are de-
stroyed, when they should be carefully
protected.
One of the most conspicuous ex-
amples in history of controlling a pest
by means of lady-beetles occurred in
California some twenty-five years ago
An Australian insect known as the
fiuted or cottony cushion scale ap-
peared in California on orange trees
and spread so rapidly over the state
that the extensive orange growing in
dustry was threatened. By request,
Mr.. Albert Koebele was appointed
agent of the United States to attend
the Melbourne exposition, and while
in Australia paid special attention to
searching for the insect enemies OF
the fiuted scale. A lady beetle was
found feeding upon the scale and
specimens we're collected, and five
separate lots altogether about 500
specimens) were brought from Aus
tralia to California and placed upon
the scale-infested trees. The lady
beetles multiplied and their progeny
were soon transported to each orange
growing section. In few years the,
cottony cushion scale had been
brought under complete control by the
Australian lady-beetle; it has never
since done much damage on the Pa
cific coast, and the orange industry
still fiourishes.
In less striking manner and on
smaller scale our native lady-beetles
are continually demonstrating their
ability to clean up shrubs, trees ard
even orchards which were severely at
tackled by plant lice. There are about
$50 different kinds of lady-beet.es ID
this country.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25

/, nv the United States Depart
ment Of Agricultural
Lerious reasons It is sometimes
l. 10 change the top of a peach
H. one variety to another. a
NAV find after his orchard be-
hnsr that he has a larger num-
hrees of some variety than he
II block OF trees may prove to
n other variety than the one
or, for some other reason, a
ia not well adapted to the
Il the owner. In such cases he
boprse TO top-working the tree
H. budding or grating to a de-
variety.
ordinary method of shield bud
| the one more commonly used
1 purpose. II the tree to be
he'd is not more than two OF
hears old it is usually prac-
|to insert the buds directly into
h limbs well down toward the,
here they leave the trunk. The
hon shows a Triumph peach
at was budded to the Carman
when Il was three years old,
IS crop of fruit had been re-
The points where the buds
Inserted may be seen by refer
the figure.
Ie tree to be top-budded has
the age when the bark on
In limbs has become too thick
Il to be manipulated readily for
!. II is necessary to head it
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
ARE YOUR cows EFFlCIENT7
Milk Scales and Babcock Tester Es-
sential In Conducting Successful
Dairy-Discard Boarders.

Putting the efficiency test to cows
with the milk scales and the Bah
cock tester is one of the essentials
of conducting successful dairy. When
feed is high in price farmer cannot
afford to have boarders In his dairy
barn who eat up more in feed than
their milk yield is worth. The Bah
cock test will show these delinquent
cows in their true light, and the milk
scales will put the clincher on the
argument Testing cows will give
some farmers a big surprise. Some
time the COW that looks like the poor
est creature in the lot is the best
butterfat producer.
Cow testing associations among
dairymen afford the most economical
use Of the Babcock tester and the
scales.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
CELERY FOR USE IN WINTER
Cool Weather With Plenty of MoIs-
ture lie Most DesirabIe-Rich Soil
is Of Much importance.
CBy ANNA GALIGHER.)

Wy anna
AS rule. late celery grows better
than early because the weather usual
ly begins to get cool by the time the
plants have got a start and cool
weather with plenty of moisture is
what it takes to make good celery.
Rich soil is also an important fac
tor. but most important of all is good
plants. Unless strong, stalky, well
rooted plants are used there will be
little chance for crop.
We usually put the late celery in as
a second crop. where potatoes or some
early vegetables have been grown. In
the North late July or early August
time for setting out the plants In
the South it should be done a month
earlier.
The ground is worked up deep and
fine, then double rows are made six or
eight feet apart to allow plenty of
room for banking up.
Each two rows are placed about ten
inches apart and the plants are set
about eight inches apart in the row.
Shade the plants for the first few
days, If the sun is warm, but don't
shut out the air, or the plants will die.
If the ground is not very rich, spread
manure from the poultry house along
the rows, a little distance from the
plants. and pour water on the ma
nure.
This keeps the ground moist and al
so furnishes nourishment for the
plants.
After they have made some growth,
begin to hoe up little of the earth
around the plants every few days
This makes them grow faster. But be
careful not to pack it too close. Give
the plants room to grow.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
FRIENDS OF PLANT GROWERS
'Iady-Bues" Feed Upon PIant-Lice,
Scale insects and Other Pests
Entitled to Protection.
CBy w. e. BRITToN.)

The beetles commonly known as
lady beetles, lady Birds" "lady-bugs'
or plantlouse beetles, are among the
very best friends of the farmer or
plant grower, because, they feed in
both larval and adult stages upon
plant-lice, scale-insects, and the small
larvae and eggs of other and larger
noxious insects, DR.. S. A. Forbes ex-
amined the stomach contents of 80
specimens, and found that one-fourth
of their food was composed of plant
lice; though they ate some vegetable
food, such as pollen and spores Of
fungi, greater portion of their food
consisted of insects.
Though many persons are more or
less familiar with lady-bugs, some are
not acquainted with their habits or
life histories, and do not, therefore,
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
Oil From Grape Seed.

A soap manufacturer in Argentine
has been securing for his use oil from
grape seed; thus far only in an expert.
mental way. But he hopes to open a
plant in 1915 with capacity of 100000
pounds grape seed oil year, charging
this as occasion warrants. He esti.
mates that the inferior grade adapted
to the manufacture of soap would cost
q shade less than four cents pound,
while a refined article suitable fol
table use can be put on the market at
SIS cents
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
HATCHABILITY or THE EGGS
Hen Must Be Healthy and Properly
Fed to Carry Germ to a Sue
cessfuI Development.

An egg receives its fertility from
the male bird, but tae condition of
the hen determines the hatchability
of the fortified egg. The hen must
be healthy and properly fed or she
cannot carry the germ to a success
full development A hen fattened
exclusively upon one article of diet,
say corn, will not bring many eggs
to perfect hatch. A hen allowed
to drink filthy water and live under
unsanitary conditions wiz not give
US fertile eggs,
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25

Pigeons require perfect ventilation,
roomy quarters, because overcrowding
is fatal. They must never be ex-
posed to bad weather, and improper
feeding will quickly destroy a flock
Pigeons are very clearly in their
habits, and when they have the OPP
portunity they viii take thorough
water bath at least once day. II
they are denied this. they win soon
contract disease and die. In warm
weather the water should be changed
every day.
If one is content to start with a
small flock, provide good quarters.
learn all one can from reliable ex-
pert writers, and spend a year. at
least. in experimenting. one may
then go into the business in earnest
and generally with very good profit.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
INSOMNIA
Leads to Madness, If Not Remedied.

Experiments satisfied me, some
years ago." writes a Topeka woman.
that coffee was the direct cause OF the
insomnia from which | suffered ter
ribly, as well as extreme nervousness
and acute dyspepsia.
Il had been a coffee drinker since
childhood, and did not like to think
that the beverage was doing me all
this harm. But it was, and the time
came when | had to face the fact, and
protect myself. | therefore gave up
coffee abruptly and absolutely, and
adopted Postum for my hot drink at
meals.
Il began to note Improvement in
my condition very soon after / took
on Postum. The change proceeded
gradually, but surely, and it was a
matter of only a few weeks before
found myself entirely relieved--the
nervousness passed away, my diges-
tive apparatus was restored to normal
efficiency. and / began to sleep rest
fully and peacefully.
These happy conditions have con-
tinued during all of the years, and |
am safe in saying that I owe them
entirely to Postum. for when began
TO drink 1t ceased to use medicines
Name given by Postum Co., Battle
Creek. Mich. Read THE Road to
MELVILLE" in pkgs.
Postum comes in two forms:
Postum cereai-the original form
must be well boiled. 15c and 25c pack
ages.
Instant Postum soluble powder
dissolves quickly in a cup Of hot wa.
ter, and. with cream and sugar, makes
delicious beverage instantly. 30c and
soc tins.
Both kinds are equally delicious and
cost about the same per cup.
There's q Reason" for Postum.
sold by Grocers.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25

feeding it to the pigs, as skim milk
and buttermilk contain nearly all the
elements of food; the eggs are more
easily produced by hens fed upon
such food than when they are not
otherwise provided, and every farmer
should allow the hens a share of the
skim milk and buttermilk.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
Gallipcii.

Callipoli is the door through which,
in 1858 the Turks first entered into
their European possessions. And the
entrance came about in a surprising
manner. In that year an earthquake
shattered all the cities of Thrace and
overthrow the walls of Gallipoli. The
inhabitants fed, while the Turks, for
whom earthquakes had no terror,
crossed the Hellespont and marched
upon the deserted city Emperor Can
tacuzenus protested, but Sultan DIRK
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
IG THE STUBBORN POST
Made by Using Strong Steel
|. Attaeheu 70 Chain as Shown
in the illustrations.

bong steel hook, such as is often
Dr lifting bales of hay, may be
led into a litter for light posts
ching to 1t a chain as shown in
bstration, says Southern Agri-
1t Dig around the post and
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
More Appropriate

But Eliza" said the mistress.
your little boy was christened
George Washington. Why do you call
him Izaak Walton? Walton, you know.
was the famous fisherman" "Yes'm,"
answered Eliza, but dat chile's repe
tashun TO telling de troof made dat
change imper'tive."
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
Hard Work Ahead.

This year. more than at any other
time, the acres of the United States
must be taxed to their utmost because
we have not only our own people to
feed, but the people from across the
water are going to look to this coun.
try largely for their support
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
Roarder and Producer.

There isn't so very much difference
in the cost of keeping a COW that
yields ten pounds and COW that
yields forty pounds of milk daily, but
there is a decided difference on the
other side Of the books in the profits.
The former is boarder. the latter IL
a profit producer.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25

had opened way to his troops. and
he could not disregard so clear an in
dication of divine interposition. Thus
was taken the first plunge that kept.
the near East bathed in blood for
centuries.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
Really Tallors Own Fault.

One reason why some men can't pay
the tailor is that they try to follow his
directions as to the different clothes
required for different hours of the day
and haven't time to earn any money.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
IFS OF THE HOG LOT.

f. good plan 70 breed some sows
F. 10 come aot later than Sep
t. yoaas Pigs learn to eat with
u on pasture. '''-0 put
s s,oo.a s'fsrstor has greatly re.
H. 80 W PIGS because the skim
E., o."1!s be fed while sweet.
|boa-n 'ae grain ration as soon
/ noss 60 on the pasture. ''"
b ,ne hog house as we'll as the
H. IS'q, ..5 IN bloom Is not good for
"''a young it makes a fine
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
Beating Him to II.

Listen, old man. I've got big
check coming tomorrow, but just now
I'm up against it. Could you"
Don't mention 1t. old chap. III
come around tomorrow and borrow
that ten ! was just going to ask you
for"
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25

Why the term "Old Scratch" means
the devil is not plain until you ex-
anime the Swedish. where the word
skrat means devil In the middle
high German the word schrate,
scratze means iend or ghost.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1915-05-25
TWO Different Pronositions.

It's strange how many helpers
man has when he is looking for a
place to put his money, and how very
few helpers there are when he tries
to get his money out OF the place.