davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-02-21

In the portrait room of the National
Gallery hang two portraits in oil. The
origin of neither is certain. That upon
the east wall is attributed to Stuart,
and is very like his work. 1t is said to
have been regarded by Washingtons
family as one of his most faithful like
nesses. The painting on the north wall
is attributed to Charles Wilson Peale.
The Smithsonian Institution now shel-
ters in the alcove of its west wing the
Carrara marble statue which stood for
many years in the plaza on the east
of the Capitol. Horatio Greenough was
the sculptor. and he made a wholly
classical rendering of his subject. The
President is seated in Roman chair.
nude but for the folds of drapery which
partly enshroud the figure. One hand
is pointed upward, the other holds a
sheathed sword. This colossal statue
was to have been set in the center OF
the rotunda of the Capitol, directly
above the crypt some stories below,
which was built to hold the remains of
George Washington. The sculpture
came from Italy in 1870 and remained
in the Capitol until 1913, when it was
removed to the grounds. AS the deli
cate Italian marble could not endure
was suffering gradual destruction from
it's present position.
The Corcoran Art Gallery has an ad-
mira BILE copy of the familiar Athenaeum
portrait of Washington. which came as
gift from Mrs. Benjamin Ogle Tay
Evening star., 1915-02-21

ington which is said to rival the oriEi-
nal in tone and quality, well as Il
portrait. hangs at the right of the
Speakers chair in the House of Repre-
Sentatives.
of statues and sculptured busts of
Washington the Capitol is rich. In the
rotunda is the plaster copy of the
Richmond statue by Houdon. This stood
for many years as NirginiaS $ gift in the
Hall of Statuary, but in 1908. it was
replaced by the same state with the
bronze replica of the same figure.
Jean Antoine Houdon, the famous
French sculptor. went to Mount Vernon
in 1855 to study the subject for his
great work, the original for which
stands In the state capitol of Richmond
This has been the model for the great
majority of the worthy portraits of
Washington painted or sculptured since
that time.
There is in the rotunda an artistic
bronze bust of Washington by David
dangers of France It's history is In
tcresting. 1t came in 1904 as gift
from a number Of citizens from France.
in appreciation of the courtesy shown
the representatives of that nation on
their mission - Washington in 1902,
Evening star., 1915-02-21
0llecti0n Of Portraits Of Washington in Cit9

Wilson Fealc. the father of Rembrandt
and Titan Pealc. This picture shows
Washington at Princeton, uniformed AS
commander chief. 1t hangs at the
head of the stairway in the west cor
ridor of the Senate wing. 1t bears the
credit of being the original for which
Washington posed at Valley Forge. but
Hart. the Philadelphia critic. who evil
IDENTIFY likes to believe that the Quaker
city alone may uuquestionably claim
its originals. thinks that II is one of
the several copies the artist made of
his famous picture. In any case il Is
u very valuable work. 1t has had Il
viciSsitudInal career and its place in
the Capitol has been the subject of
comment. Mr.. Rathbun, assistant di-
Evening star., 1915-02-21

VICE. PRESIDENTS CAPITOL.

American Revolution, is the life mask
made by Houdon for use in his statue
On the east wall, almost Immediately
behind the case containing the life
mask. is an oval pastel by an unnamed
artist of Washington's day, showing
him about middle life, in the inform
of a general. This is a recent gift to
the museum.
The west hall contains a character
istic miniature on wood, done by John
Trumbull, the painter of many historic
pictures in Washington and elsewhere.
which contain as the central figure of
their groupings admirab BILE portraits of
Washington. This miniature, with one
of Mrs Washington, here also, was
done from life during the period of
1892 to 1894. when the artist spent
much time at the Executive Mansion
in Philadelphia engaged in painting
full-length portrait of the President
In the case with these miniatures is
bronze copy of the Houdon bust, given
bv Maurice J. Powers, and near it is a
plaster bust of the same figure, done
by Clark Mills and presented to the
museum by Elizabeth Bryant John-
ston a Washington woman who gave
many wears of her life to the Judy OF
George Washington. and has wriateh
Evening star., 1915-02-21

traits.
In the National Gallery OF Art, which
is at present finding its home in the
new National Museum building. there
are four representations of George
Washington. On either side of the
north entrance to the gallery are life
size figures. One is by W VILLAIN o'Don-
ovan. and is a replica OF his bronze
statue ordered by the state of New
York for the headquarters at New
burgh. the other is by Ferdinand Pet
trich. and was presented to the gov
crnmeut by the sculptor in 1892 1t
represents Washington in his army
uniform, resigning his commission as
commander of the continental forces.
Evening star., 1915-02-21

at the time of the unveilins of the
Rochambcstu statue in Lafayette Square.
The present bronze is replica of the
marble bust of Washington, which was
Il gift OF the French nation, and which
formerly stood in the Capitol, but was
destroyed by the fire of 1851. The for
mer bust was made after the model of
the French sculptor. David d d'Angers.
and by good fortune the original plaster
model preserved in the David
Museum at Anglers, France. and from
this model the bronze replica now in the
rotunda made.
The White House contains the mooted
full-lenGth copy of the Gilbert Stuart
Lansdowne portrait of Washington.
Doubt has been cast upon the authen-
ticity of this portrait as one of Stuart's
own copies. and connoisseurS are in
clined to the belief that it is not a
Stuart. 1t seems as difficult to get at
the actual history of the painting as of
its fate at the time of the burning of
the White House by the British, when
Dolly Madison is reputed to have had
the canvas cut from its frame and car
ried off to a place of safety.
The National Museum holds a number
of interesting portraits of George
Washington. In the main hall of the
old building, in the collection of Wash
ingtonia loaned by the daughters of the
Evening star., 1915-02-21

expose themselves to shot and shell
in searching for and helping the
wounded Thirty-six Russian nurses
have been killed or wounded. First
in the list stands Elizabeth Girenkoff
"A young woman of good Moscow fam
lily. who has just got the st. Georges $
Cross. Miss Girenkof took part in
seven battles. She was under fire dur
ing the three-week battle OF LODI
Three days before the town fell a
wounded soldier whom she was at
tending WAS killed by d rife bullet
Next day Il shell burst and killed a
explosion knocked her over and tore
her clothing. She went on working
December > she was knocked sense
less by Il shell Now she is back at
the front.
NataIya Madjaror is another Red
Cross heroine. She is the granddaugh-
ter of d marshal of the nobility and
has millionaire parents. When feeding
sounded s,b s0ders Mss at Masapa was s
wounded in the shoulder. She refused
to leave the battlefield and was killed.
The Austrians charged the trench
Russians. a rife bullet went through
the girls heart. Between the 11th of
November. the day when Hindenburg
started his second invasion of Poland,
been killed. Miss Marjaroff's sister
heard of Natalya's death while she was
study ling nursing at kharkoff She at
once left for the front. She is now
with the Grand Duke Nicholas army
on the Rawka river.
Honors have been showcred on the
wounded nurses This has encouraged
the woman fighters to demand official
recognition. Last week two women
from South Russia were received by
War Minister SukhomIinoff. They
came TO request that the position of the
fighting women might be regularized
AT the front they said, are many hun
dred hghtinS women, sometimes with
their sex known. sometimes in disguise
Most commanders make no objection
if the woman soldiers can fight and
march. Sukhomiinoff'S visitors COM
planned of the indefinite position of the
woman warriors. They asked for rec
ognition. The war minister refused
He is against woman fighters. "f
recognize them he said, there will be
a hundred thousand more. That would
be to the detriment of the army, and il
would be ii public scandal Besides.
the r,oly synod condemns it. | cannot
prevent some women fighting but [
shau't encourage il, and | shall give Or
ders that every woman discovered in
the ranks shall be sent to her home"
Irena Treskoff. who is interested in
the question, says that $50 women are
lighting. That is about one in 10000
of Russias war strength. Most are in
South Poland and Galicia. They got
into the army by personation. When
man reservsts could not respond to the
call, owing to sickness. absence or
other reasons. their wives-more often
their sisters-took their places. Rus
Evening star., 1915-02-21
WASHINGTON ATTRIBUTED GILBERT
VA
WAsmNGTON,s FAMIY MOST FAITHFUL Likeness.

likeness of Washington, for which he
sat in the latter years of his life at
the solicitation of Mrs. Washington
The original oil is in the Boston Mu-
scum of Fine Arts, but of the forty
copies made by the artist several are
in Washington. Of the two in the
capitol. one hangs on the west side
of the main Senate corridor. and
the other is in the Senate committee
room for post offices and post roads.
1t is this masterpiece by Stuart that
has not only perpetuated but distribut-
cd over the globe the likeness of
George Washington.
Stuart, who was the grandson of a
Scottish divine, went to Britain to pur-
sue his studies in art, and became a
pupil of Benjamin West, president of
the Royal Academy. Stuart's object,
like that of Rembrandt Peale, was to
give to the world u faithful portrait
of the greatest man of the day. Next
to the familiar bust portrait of Wash
ington. the full-length figure painted
for the Marquis of Lansdowne stands
second among Stuarts Washingtons.
The Capitol owns admirable
production of this in the copy made by
John Vanderlyn. the artist. who had the
first great honor bestowed by France
upon American artist. when the gold
medal of the salon of 1SOS was awarded
his "Marius in the Ruins of Carthage"
This beautiful copy of Stuart's Wash
Evening star., 1915-02-21

real Iname is Sophie but hs to her
4 the fnce OF enemy

into Russian hands. AS they wore no
uniforms, and were caught snlplnS
Russian posts. they were llabie 10 De
shot. The Russian woman fighters
begged that they be spared. They tried
to convert them to Russophillsn,
promising that in case of success they
would release them to spread the rus
sophila faith among the population
The G>Lcian women proved obdurate
They were sent as prisoners to Ivan
gorod High up in the tarpathians. at
fighter was killed. The UsZok pass is
the most important gate of entry into
Hungary. and the Russians raided it in
September. With them was "A siberian
girl fighter. During the retreat she
was wounded She begged to be left
behind The soldiers who had all along
suspected her sex refused to allow this.
She died Oh the way
Siberia produces most woman fight
ers. Only from Siberia come girl
fighters of peasant class Women there
Evening star., 1915-02-21
No Willing While Men Do Battle
ToorW Woman Find That the Center
of Hardy and BaveGgin Princess Who Serving the
With Sannfs East Prussia


with Japan broke out olga was serV-
ing on Il horse breeding farm. She was
known to the local military for hard
riding. hard swearing and hard drink
irg She joined the Sd UsSuri CosSack
Regiment. and she fought against the
laps under Reunenkampf. Olga took
part in raids. she fought the savage
HungnuSi bandItS. ana sue mas Il DIS
When the war ended she retireo- hei.
,,1.,s ,,rt of Tho army of wilma Rem
ueukampf like olga, "A swearing spirit,
was in command. Al Wlrbaiiem; on the
frontier, ne recos "i~eu oisa- '' q"
~ 80 - ,.o,,,,o co,,. tn neht the
Scbwabs?'
"Yes. general; to break their skulls,
as broke the skulls OF the laps
olga was Win the n,st sotiia VI 80, ,,
sdchs ~ 80, ,.,nra u.h. took nart in
which ended Rennenkampfs invasion
WAS the last to leave German territory.
Her exploits since then are unknown
Rack to the front in December went
Iiubov Tglicki She was present in
siv battles "liubov'' means love.
Lave" is good-looking, black-eyed.
slightly mustached. Most woman war
r;ors lave slight mustacheS: that en-
i,,Ias them TO pass AS youths The
.iiyht mustache is usually a sign of
t,araneptaI inclination toward mas
''i,';t, She ioined a regiment of
ii.a,,rs md fought at Gumbinnen. In
a terrific fight outside the East Prus-
Evening star., 1915-02-21

sia mobilized slowly, so the women had
days, sometimes weeks. To learn now
to hold the rifles. When they joined
their units the sex of many was dis
covered and some were semt back.
Others escaped detection, and some,
though detected. were allowed to re-
main in the army.
Nearly all theS" women come from
towns They belong either to the wen
educated. emancipated class. or to the
smaller "burgher' class known as
"miestchanye." Few peasant women u
serve The peasant woman does not
understand war. She usually narrles
very young and has many children.
Thrce-quarter of the woman war
riors are unmarried or childless. In
the ranks is supposed to be Princess
Nadezhda Ambaschidze, a Georgian girl
of rank, who has disappeared from her
home Another aristocratic girl soldier
is Vera Savyschin, a niece of the late
Finance Minister Bunge. She accom-
panied Samsonoff's army to East Frus-
sia, and, with the rest of her unit the
9Th Army Corps, fell into captivity.
Women who have been through bat
ties and have fought well are seldom
sent back when their sex is discovered.
The trouble is to get the ignorant peas
ant soldiers to respect them and take
them seriously. The soldiers call them
derisively "Tchukhonki." This means
"Finnish women" There is mouJik
superstition that all Finnish women
are Amazons. The officers respect wom-
an soldiers. Very rarely does Il woman
show cowardice, disobedience or dis
honesty. There are many cases of hero
ism.
treated on the MiaZZa on the 9TH of
December was hard pressed, and it
was n woman who helped it out. Her
regiment got into difficult position in
a marsh. 1t was raked by German
machine gun fire and by hurricane
of conyerging shells from an arc of
field guns. ;
One company got isolated. Its busl-
ness was to hold a causeway over the
marsh When 1t had lost forty men out
~ a total hundred, it showed signs OF
Giving way. Matthew Drapounon, "A
Young beardless soldier, removed the
reeimentaI flag from its broken staft
and raised it aloft on his bayonet.
bullet went through Matthews hand
rrbe encouraged Russians held out. In
the field hospital Matthew Drapounoff
was discovered to be Sophie Drapou-
noff when Sophie recovered she re-
turned 10 the front. She continues to
no repistered as Matthew" but the
regiment knows her story.
Most woman warriors are young.
Evening star., 1915-02-21

Polish women who syinpathize, have
started corps of scouts and spies.
This began with the Polish Women's
Unity in Warsaw. The two hundred
members began to practice gymnastics
and military drill on the Mokotsky
field. At first the drill WAS without
arms, the aim being to attain physical
fitness, so as to gve general help to
Warsaw in case of siege. Next the
women took to mems clothes. and
next TO uniform of their own. When
the invaders in November retired to the
Prussian frontier. the women spread
out in the evacuated towns and rem
dered miscellaneous service to Grand
Duke Nicholas army. on the reinva
sion the women changed their uni
forms for female dress, and acted as
scouts and spies. IL was a woman who
first brought the news OF the German
attack on the left Nistula bank
The Germans surprised the village OF
Brest. cut the telegraph and telephone
wires and took the Russian outpost
and gendarmes prisoners. woman,
Mile. Mielpomiecz. escaped from the
town and brought to the headquarters
of the army at Wlowlawzk the news
of the German raid. This helped the
commander to delay the invaders
march. AT Wlowlawzk was killed
Manya Zabilesky. a member OF the
scout corps
When Gen. Won Mackensen occupied
.odz the woman scouts changed back
into women's clothes. They removed
to new lodgings SO as to put the Ter
man spies off the scent, and during the
first week of the occupation carefully
watched the German movements and
strength.
At the end of the week they asked for
nermission to go to Warsaw. AS Lodz
was without food and fuel the Ger
mans tried to get rid of as many civil
ians as possible. and they gave the
snjes permits They warned them that
thew would probably be shot when
thew approached the Russian lines. For
this contingency the women mad pre-
arranged code of signals. Ihey got 10
Tho Russian lines and presented Gen
E,wart with facts as to the German
strength the number OF guns IN Lodz,
the names of the German generals ana
other valua BILE facts.
Some woman warriors Went 10 Ia
1icia- intending to carry on Rus
sonhiIe propaganda among the Poles
Eindinp this useless. they joined
guerrilla bands and fought. The raider
Erilimouoff the .'Cossack de Wet, had
in his corps Maria Nedensky, a good
and expert shot from the
Knhan Maria was wounded in a fight
with the Austrians at Tarnow-
When the Galician Poles started
"Sokol' bands to fight against Russia
many Polish women joined. Some fell
Evening star., 1915-02-21
HEROINEs
by (narN choa


SIe ial CORES poudenec ~ Tie Star
WARSAW. February s, 1915.
~ EVEN wounded Germans of fe-
~ male sex, SCARED with bullet
NJ and shrapnel. burned and dis
figured, lie in Warsaw Evan
selical Hospital aud in the Transport
Hospital at Praga. Frieda Bergeat,
III. youngest, has TWO bullets III her.
The seven are Warsaw's wonder.
Every one knows that Russian wom-
en-. with or without official sanction.
are fehting- But 10 one believed that
doinesticated Germans (the kaisers
kinder. kuche and kirche se&) would
SO unseX themselves 1t is beyond
doubt that German women are lighting,
and that there are girls III the Aus
trian army, and many more with the
Austrian guerrillas on the Carpathian
slopes. OF the nurses thousands are
Evening star., 1915-02-21
10 her credit deeds of

are freer, more independent than In
Europe. The tough. Injured women of
Jakutsk. mostly descendants of crimi-
mails and eXiles. have begged in vain
for permission to join the army They
complain that the girls and the child
less have no work during the winter
Now they are put to guard bridges and
to help conveys.
Every Siberian railway bridge has
two armed guards, and every verst of
the railway has guard. who lives be
side the line in a yellow hut. Three
thousand guards have been called up
as reservists. Rifles have been given
to their wives and daughters. and now
these do the work. An officer who trav-
eled from Siberia tells me that both the
guards on the Nolga bridge at Samara
are women on the morning his train
passed, one fired at man who did
not answer her challenge, and shot him
through the head.
Copyright. 1915. by Curtis Brv~nl
Evening star., 1915-02-21


Rembrandt
Congh Capt Famous Pamng-The Mtd Full Length the White
HoeDou IS
Much
Observation-Disclosures n Homes
Evening star., 1915-02-21

decreasing. This means prolongation
of the war. The male combatants vow
that they Will wear one another out.
that the war will be lost by the side
which has no warriors left. With end
less woman soldiers this day will long
be postponed. The war may last until
not only men, but also women and
children, have let themselves be ex-
terminated. Then America must re-
pay her four-h hundred -year-old compli-
ment and repeople Europe with colo
nists.
Some of Russiss greatest heroes do
not fight, but are fought against. They
Evening star., 1915-02-21

rector of the Smithsonian Institution,
says of it:
Its history has never been satisfac-
torily explained. but it was evidently
sent to Europe to be sold. Brought back
TO this country from France. it was
purchased in 1871 by Charles E. CAL
vert of Maryland. The latter placed it
in the National Institute of Art in
Washington, and in 1862 it was turned
over TO the Smithsonian Institution.
Sent to Philadelphia in 1876 for exhibi-
tion III connection with the centennial
exposition. 1t remained in the Pennsyl
vania Academy of Fine Arts until 1851,
when il was recalled to the Smithson-
ian Institution and lent to the Corcoran
Gallery Of Art. \ claim To the owner
ship of the picture was made by Titan
Il. Peale, son of Charles Wilson Peale
its painter. This was decided adverse
Iy by the board of regents of the
Smithsonian Institution in 1873, on the
ground that sufficient proof had not
been presented. but in 1882 Congress
appropriated 5000 in settlement of the
claim. and the portrait was transferred
10 the Capitol"
The Capitol possesses two other por-
traits of Washington. Both are re-
plicas by Gilbert Stuart Of his famous
Athenaeum portrait, the best known
Evening star., 1915-02-21

loe In its series of Presidents OF the
United States. which occupy the sky
line in the portrait gallery, there II
one of Washington by g. +. A. Healy-
Its merit can hardly be appreciated at
its great height.
very interesting painting OF Wash
ington on horseback hangs in the north
center OF the atrium Of the Corcoran
Art Gallery. II bears the name %
Rembrandt Pealc and has the radiant
colorinG Of this portraitist The scene
represents Washington before York
town. and the group OF men surround
ing him includes Hamilton, Lafayette,
Knox. Lincoln and Rochambeau. The
massive dark border framing this verv
striking picture was made from a wal
nut tree grown on tho farm of Robert
Norris. the fiuancIer of the revolution.
This painting for long hlled one end Of
the banquet hail at Mount Vernon. but
several Years ago the ladies' Of tho
Mount Vernon Association. who evi-
IDENTIFY considered IL too large for PR
vate home. sent II to the Corcorsn Gal
lerN.
Two Of the most Interesting Wash
ingtou portraits In the Corcoran Ar;
Gallery are TO be seen in the private
room behind the secretary's office
These are tiny cngraVings by ~
Memin. that talented Freuchman who
left behind him on his return to France
many examples of his exquisite art
NJ l'avret de Saint Memin was =
member OF family Of rank and for
tune. born in Paris IN 1870. Becoming
an officer in the French guards at
iachel TO the court of Louis XVI. lie
had 10 fiee his country during the revo-
luton. Coming to New York. he set
his talent to work and was marvelously
skillful i'm his portrsyals Of the men
and women of his time. He left -four
albums containing cugravings made bv
his own hand from his own original
sketches. and more than 500 of theseexaui-
site sketches. each one named. are now
the valued possession of the Corcorau
Art Gallery. Among his latest works
are the two enSrdVings of George
Washington. supposed TO have been
mad" for signet rings. One shows
the head alone: the other is bust aud
gives the uniform Of the general.
The sculpture room in the Corcoran Arr
Gallery contains a bronze replica of the
Houdon statue of Washington, and there
are bronze and plaster busts and life
masks Of the same renowned model