davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19

she has declared do so at their own
risk, it is admitted that very serious
situation will be presented.
In 1t case the United States would
be confronted with the alternative
either of warning it's merchant vessels
to keep out of the declared war zone
or run the risk of a disaster which
country.
1t is evident from the American
note that the government does not
intend to warn its vessels to keep out
of the war zone, no matter what Ger
many's attitude may be, but will insist
upon their right to traverse the de-
clared zone without danger of attack
If attack should be threatened
through the position which Germany
will take, then the question would
arise as to what steps the United
States should take to insure the safe
voyage Of its merchant vessels.
The expert opinion is that in such
circumstances the United States would
NC 4OAOC0 W LII AlSh q haNdl COANOS
for all United States merchant YES
sells which entered the declared sea
war zone.
Neutrality Situation Changes.
The taking OF American war vessels
into the war zone undoubtedly would
be a grave step. but in no other way
could the safe passage Of American
merchant vessels be assured.
The neutrality situation appears to
have undergone complete change.
Heretofore the situation has been that
partisans of both Germany and Great
Britain have been complaining that
the United States was not maintaining
a strict neutrality.
Now the United States government
is officially representing to both Great
Britain and Germany that their prac-
tees and declarations are interfering
with the neutral rights Of the United
States in such manner as may shake
the strict neutrality which the United
States Is anxious to maintain.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19
SUICIDE BY DYNAMITE.
spaniard At Stamford, W. Va, Blows
OF His Head.

Beckley, w. Va.-Luis Bera, a
Spaniard employed in the mines of
the Piney Mining Company at Stana-
ford, committed suicide in a horrible
manner. He placed stick of dyna-
mite on the ground, attached fuse to
it and bent over it, waiting pa;
for the explosion that was to
him into eternity. The explosion blew
his head off.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19
100000 BLANKETS BOUGHT.
italy Arranges For Shipments, To
Start Within Ten Days.

Chicago.-Contracts for the pur-
chase OF 100000 pairs of American
blankets for the Italian Government
were announced here. Shipments will
begin in 10 days and will consist Of
10000 pairs weekly for 10 weeks, and
then 10000 each week. The contracts
total $1,500,000.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19
PARIMuTuEL BILL PASSED.
Equalization OF Betting In Nevada
Now Up To Governor.

Carson City. Nev.-The Pari-Mutuel
bill, amending the Anti-Gambling law
so as to legaliZe betting on horse races
under the pari-mutuel system, was
passed by the Assembly, 3S to IL. 1t
now goes to Governor Boyle for his
signature.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19
British Naval Loss 5000.

The announcement of the Govern
ment's decision with delation to Ger.
maLy's food supplies came almost co.
incidently with the receipt of two dis
patches from the United States, one
saying that Count Won Bernstorff, the
German Ambassador, had informed the
Washington Government that Germany
was willing TO abandon her submarine
policy, provided Great Britain ceased
interfering with cargoes of foodstuffs,
and the other saying that he had again
advised neutral shipping to avoid those
waters which Germany had declared
would become a dangerous area three
days hence.
Mr.. Churchill disclosed for the first
time the total naval losses as the re-
suit of the war. These. he said, were
upward of 5000 officers and men, a
majority of them victims of sub
marines.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19
BOXING BOUT ON CRUISER FATAL
Seaman Dies From Blow Behind Left
Ear,

Seattle, Wash.--A. v. Brown, seq
man on the cruiser North Dakota at
the Puget Sound Navy Yard, died from
injuries received while boxing on the
cruiser West Virginia with Clarence
Salmon, another seaman. A blow be-
hind the left ear rendered Brown I'M
conscious. Browns home was IN
Dallas, Texas. Naval authorizes held
that Salmon was blameless
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19
BLOCK GERMAN
FOOD SUPPLY
Great Britain's Reply to War
Zone Policy.
CHURCHILL SAYS ITS PIRACY
First Lord OF Admiralty informs Com.
mons About New Big Gun For
Navy and Praises Achieve
ments OF Fleet.

London.-Winston Churchill, First
Lord of the Admiralty, declared in the
House of Commons amid cheering that
Great Britain had finally decided to
clamp on every ounce of sea pressure
to choke off Germany's food supply in
retaliation for the German submarine
policy. while Mr.. Lloyd-George drew
additional applause by reference to
loans to countries which he said ex
pected to throw in their lot with the
Allies.
These countries the Chancellor did
not name. 1t was the first time that a
reference was made in Parliament OF
such expectations.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19
MAY VOTE ANYWHERE.
Texas Has Plan To Guarantee Suffrage
To Travelling Men.

Austin, Texas.--The House of Rep
resentatives voted favorably on reso-
luton submitting constitutional
amendment, which, if adopted, will
permit travelling men and railroad men
to vote in State and national elections
wherever they may be in Texas on
election day.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19
CAPTIVE TURKS NUMBER $4,000.
Petrosrad Reports 527 Officers In
Number.

London.-Forty-nine thousand Turk
ish prisoners, including 527 officers,
have passed through Pyatigorsk, in the
Territory of Terek, CisGaucasia, en-
route to the interior, since the war
with Turkey began, according to the
Petrograd correspondent OF Reuters
Telegram Company. The same dis
patch says that George T. Mayre, Am.
bassador from the United States to
Russia, today formally communicated
to the Russian Foreign Office the Ger.
man declaration of intention to block.
ade the British Isles.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-19
SIPS, ooo,o 900 BILL PASSED.
sundry Civil Service Measure Is
Adopted; Pensions Pending.

Washington.-The Sundry Civil Ap-
preparation bill carrying $126,0O0. 900
was passed In the House. Debate was
begun on the pension bin carrying
$165, 00O,0 900.
The Washington herald., 1915-01-11
An Undesirable Precedent.

Representative Palmer's charge that 81 ooo, 900
was spent to secure the reelection of Senator Pen
rose is so specific that the whole country is wait
ing impatiently to hear further. 1t is not much
the question to whether not the money has
been misspent 1t is not the habit of the American
people to cry over spilled milk 1t is quite likely
that there are a number of persons in Pcnnsyl-
vania and possibly elsewhere, who regard Senator
Penroses reelection desirable at any price. 1t
is by no means impossible that the Senator so re-
CARDS it.
That is not the point. There are several things
connected with the matter which puzzlirg the
American public First OF all, how has it happened
that in these times of financial Stress when every
body is insisting that money is maintaining un-
prcccdented aloofncss, the cost of scat in the
United States Senate has SCARED to the really he
roic figure of 81, ,oooo 900? We cannot recall any
commodity which has experienced such a marked
rise in commercial importance. Certainly the base
ball market cannot be compared with it Almost
equally bewildering is the problem that if it costs
ST 900 900 to keep Senator Pcnrosc in the Senate
for another term how much would it require to
secure the return of certain of his fellow lcgisla-
tors when their terms have expired? No one doubts
for a moment that the reelection of than
one member of the Senate is quite vital to the
interests of certain localities the return Of
Senator Penrose to Pennsylvania. Unfortunately,
however, the mllion-dollar quotation would be re-
garded as prohibitive in some regions less opulent
than Pennsylvania. While the spirit might be will
ing the flesh might be weak.
Thus it is that another item is added to the
present cost of high living. Great Britain has been
trying to do without its House of Lords, but the
COS. of Senators may go to the billon-dollar mark
before we arc willing TO forego the luxury But it
was unkind of Pennsylvania to establish such a
precedent In opinion also, it decided
violation OF good taste.
The Washington herald., 1915-01-11
Great Britain's "ObservatiOns. y

Great Brtain's preliminary reply to the United
States note of protest against the detention of
neutral shipping comedies everything for which we
contended; but it presents stronger defense of
the course of his majesty's government than, pos
sbly, was expected at the State Department 1t
is frank and cordial, yet explicit and convincing.
The unprejudced reader will find it difficult to pre-
scribe any other course for Great Britain, under
the conditions which have prevailed, than the one
she pursued. Yet the very candid statement of
these conditions would seem to make the way much
easier with the cooperation of this government to
substantial acceleration of the movement of neu-
trail commerce.
AS the shipment of copper was the chief bone of
contention from our standpoint, England in
discussing it, makes the most telling point of her
defense. The enormous increase in our exports of
the metal to neutral countries is susceptible of
other explanation than the one England makes
that it was destined for the of her enemies.
The British government claims to have received in
formation that copper may be concealed in cotton
bales for the very that shipments OF cotton
without any restriction as to destination;
though, contrary to published reports, vessel
has been detained because of a suspicion OF this
nature. The note makes clear, however, what Eng
lands course must necessarily be should such con-
tingency arise.
The danger of concealed contraband, however,
would be eliminated if the plan of this govern
ment for supervision of loading and certihcation
of cargoes by its port officials is put into opera
ton AS was to be expected the British note calls
attention to the fact that since the outbreak of
the war "the government of the United States have
changed their previous practice and have prohibit
ed the publication of manifests till thirty days after
the departure of vessels from the United States
ports" which change has had the effect of ncreas-
ing "the difficulty of ascertainng the presence of
contraband and to render necessary in the interests
of national safety the examination and deten-
ton of more ships than would have been the case
if the former practice had been continued" Clearly
the remedy in this respect is in own hands.
Defending any necessary departures from Great
Britain's own desires to the treatment OF food
stuffs the note makes its one reference to the
course of the enemy denouncing "the departure by
those against whom fighting from hitherto
accepted rules of civilization and humanity"
The British figures account for much less inter
ference with shipping than popularity supposed
to have taken place, and it would appear highly
possible to bring about early reduction in the
number of ships detained.
Earl Grey prefaces his note by describing it
merely as some preliminary observations, promis-
ing complete reply at later date. Certainly the
way to greater freedom of. commerce seems
already to have been made clear.
The Washington herald., 1915-01-11
Sensations Under Fire.

A British officer gives the following ac-
count of his impressions under fire:
There is a. good deal Of rot talked Of
heroism at present. II it is all true there
are many millions of heroes in Europe
Just now, and leave hat to you. I've
found it harder to go straight in life than
go under fire. 1 don't think men find 1t
hard to go under fire. First of all, there
is the mass suggestion and the tradition
of your people to give you q bias 20
bravery. Then. when you are in the thick
of il, you forget psychology after while
and get interested in the explosions.
When thoroughly warmed up you care
nothing about your own skin-you forget
you've got a slxin-but you are very hot
about damaging the hides Of the ruffians
who are the cause of that fiendish noise.
You want to hurt them badly and make
them feel Internally sorry. When you do
get cold feet Is before you've started for
a hot place When you are at the base
your Imagination is far worse than shrap-
mel.
Certainly when you do come under FIRE
for the first time you feel sure you can
not survive L shall never live through
this you keep saying to yourself. The
noises are abrupt, erratic and shockingly
violent and the mess made is very nasty,
but when you recognize your number g
certainly up you sort OF conBeai-you lose
recollection OF your body and become only
a clear and observant point of tntelli-
Rence. doing your Job subconsciously. but
surely like a man dead In everything but
his eyes. When you are out OF It you
come to- so to speak, and can hardly
believe you are still really in one piece.
Then you find yourself very pleased.
smiling all over and shaking a little for
n long time afterward."
The Washington herald., 1915-01-11
After Our Coinage Designs.

That the American public is not wholly
Indifferent to coin designs was shown
by its characteristic comment on the
buffalo five-cent piece-that the "E
pIuribus unum'' could now be translated,
The only one left" But how genuine
is the feeling for the artistic value "f
coins? This is a question which the
American Numismatic Society proposes
to test. In 1905 it secured action which
gave us the Saint-Gaudens dObble-eagle
and eagle and the Bella L. Pratt half
eagle and quarter-eagle. Its dealing with
our more democratic coins will be fairer
sounding of public opinion. Is it true
that the figure of Liberty on our silver
coins is "a mere cariCatuTe." ''an insult
both to the Goddess of Liberty and to
the beauty of American wOmanhOod?''
Is it true that the nondescript ettigy
called an eagle cannot compare with the
glorious eagles on the magnificent coins
of France. Germany. Russia and
Austrian" Many artists will doubtless
agree; but will population whose hands
have been subdued to this money since
1892? Washington is said to be con-
graduating itself on the new designs for
paper currency, but that is a different
case; the pictures Of symbolical figures,
of the pioneers, of Indian fighting. Of
early locomotives, were out of date. and
will be fitly replaced by those of -he
ocean liner, the battleship, the factory
and the New York skyline. The peril
nency of the Numismatic Society's move
ment lies in the fact that in 1917 it will
again be legal to change the designs
without special act of Congress. II 1t
can suggest better types, and Quell sus-
picion that a numismatist has profess
sional reasons for wishing frequent coin
age changes, it will deserve to succeed
New York Evening Post.
The Washington herald., 1915-01-11
The Prosperous Farmer.

There is evidence that the farmer is not at all
dazed by his good fortune. Instead, he is work
ing a longer day, increasing the acreage of his
wheat land, and strengthening his farm production
in every department.
1t will require little evidence of this rural
opuleuce to swell the "back-to-the-land" cry to
grand chorus and move many a city dweller to
seek an independence the farm that he has
not been able find in urban life. In the result
ant farm expansion the distribution of population
should be spread on more equable lines and the
present congestion of labor in the cities will be
relieved to some degree.
No one will begrudge the farmer his ,-ell-earned
prosperity. His labor is exhausting too often
ill-rewarded, and while the increased 2 ice of his
products will levy some toll against he dinner
table the net result will be to help Il : business
of the whole country enormously.-Seattle Post
Intelligencer.
The Washington herald., 1915-01-11
Federal Ships Not Needed.

The government cannot suddenly increase the
present volume of merchant shipping and nothing
would be gained by taking it out of private control
As fast as conditions for the employment of ship
ping improve and those out of commission are
made available, the situation will be relieved Sup
pos, the government should get possession of YES
sells which are now out of and put them into
use, when private enterprise could not accomplish
it; it would take much time and expense and there
might be temporary relief, but there would be a
blight upon independent American effort which
could not contend against the public treasury and
the public credit There would be injury to the
American marine a private business agency. The
government vessels would be as liable to seizure
by belligerents any other neutral shipping, and
the United States might find itself entangled in
the world conflict the And, when the war
was over what? European shipping, with all its
power of competition, would return to the ocean
routes with much less to be done than before after
all the devastation of industry and trade. Our gov
ernment would have either to maintain its ship
ping at enormous cost or dispose of it at heavy
loss in an overloaded narket.-New York Journal
of Commerce.
The Washington herald., 1915-01-11
CULT OF COWARDICE. 8"
Roosevelt CritIcIses Wilson, hut
BIames Germany.

To violate these conventions, to vio-
late neutrality treaties, as Germany has
done in the case of Belgium, is a dread
full thing. It represents the gravest kind
of International wrongdoing. but it is
really not quite so contemplate, II does
not show such Short-sighted and timid
inefficiency, and above all, such selfish
indifference to the cause of permanent
and righteous peace. as has been shown
by the United States Cthanks to Presl-
dent Wilson and Secretary Bryan, In
refusing to fuIfill its solemn obligations
by taking whatever action was necessary
in order to clear our skirts from tho
guilt of tame acquiescence in a wrong
which we had solemnly undertaken to
oppose.
"If I had for one moment supposed
that signing these Hague conventions
meant literally nothing whatever be-
yond the expression of q pious wish
which any power was at liberty to dis
regard with impunity in accordance with
the dictation of self-interest I would
certainly not have permitted the United
States to be a party to such n mis-
chievous farce President Wilson and
Secretary Bryan, however. take the view
that when the United States assumes
obligations in order to secure small and
unoffending neutral nations against
hideous wrong its action Is not predZ
Gated on any intention to make the
guarantee effective.
They take the view that when We are
asked to redeem in the concrete promises
we made in the abstract our duty is to
disregard our obligations and to preserve
ignoble peace for ourselves by regard
ing with cold-blooded and timid indif-
ference the most frightful ravages of
war committed at the expense Of
peaceful and unoffending country. This
Is the cult OF cowardice. That President
Wilson and Mr.. Bryan profess it and
put It in action would be OF small con-
sequence II only they themselves were
concerned. The Importance of their ac-
ton is that 1t commits the United
States
Mr.. Roosevelt points only to Germany
as the wrongdoer, whose acts warranted
an interference by the United States
Theodore Roosevelt in the Independent.
The Washington herald., 1915-01-11
Higher Priced Bread in Sight.

Differences of opinion exist in commercial Cir
clcs as to the cause of the sensational advance in
the price of wheat Some observers assert that the
advance is legitimate, in view of conditions in Eu-
rope while others say the spectators alone are
responsible for the rise and that prices will drop
back again when their greed is satisfied or they
are forced to let CO. There is agreement every
where, however, that if the present figures are
maintained there will be an early advance in the
price of bread Whatever the reason for the high
prices now quoted, it is we'll to realize that wheat
will probably command prices above normal for a
long time to come. Europes demands must neces-
sarily be greater and while our own acreage will
be larger prices will be maintained even if the
yield be bountiful The farmers of course will
profit but very likely the rest of the people of this
country will first begin to bear their share of the
cost of wars destruction by paying more for their
bread. The farmers turn will come later
With prices quoted during the past week main
tanned, an advance in the cost of the loaf will
come as soon as the supply of -four on hand is
exhausted, if not sooner. In the past we have
seen numerous instances in which an advance of
food products in the great wholesale markets has
been made an excuse for extortion from the con-
sumner. Widespread agitation and the activity of
the legal department of the government have in
measure remedied that abuse and people are in
less danger of suffering from the rapacity of those
who control their food supply than for many
years
The Washington herald., 1915-01-11

The Federation of Citizens Associations of the
District, with the approval of the District Commits
sioners, is planning take vote of the citizens
of Washington upon the advsability of the appoint
ment by Congress of joint commission to study
the fiscal relations existing between the United
States and the District of Columbia, with view
of readjustment if that IS deemed necessary That
would seem to be practical way to discover the
sentiment of the people and to get it before Con-
gress. The question is would their views carry any
weight with some of the statesmen in high places
In the Senate the other day Senator Lee, of Mary
land, made the statement:
shall not mention names, but heard very
eminent Representative from Kentucky once saw
speaking of citizens association of the District
of Columbia, that the average Congressman cared
as much for the protests of citizens association
against taxation put upon them as he did for the
bowling of dog in his back yard; both were
nuisances.
What would be the attitude of this eminent Ken
lucky statesman toward such a vote?