davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
CHAMBERS TRANSFER COMPANY
 IS South Central Avenue.

This concern makes specially of speed and it's Ford baggage car service is really admirable. TNere is nothing niore annoying than slow delivery of baggage to or from the train and this can be avoided by this system of trans fer Then too there are the about town waits that are sure to receive the same prompt and careful attention.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
Made In lPlh@emix
CEMENT PIPE COMPANY. 545 East Jackson Street.

Here is a trade marx that Shoud appeal Made in Phoenix. U. $. A" All machine made. In any size from inches to 4S inches. And the question arises why send away for iron culverts for city. county and state A word to the farmers, also the cement piping is just what is needed for a model irri- gation system.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
THIS AND THAT

PIIOEN4X HAT MANUFACTURING co.
 4 North Second Street.
 These exclusive Hatters make and re- novate hats for men and women. Do not ruin a good Hat by trying to clean it but take it to an expert who will freshen and remodel it in the prevailing mode.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
McDOUGALL AND CA SSOU g West Washington Street.

With Hat styles constantly changing il is well to own one that is always smart. The Panama is not at the mercy of fashions fancy for it is al ways good and season after season may he transformed into something new by rebloc<ing into any shape desired. The prices are s400. $500 and S75O Fas- cinating bands that may be used either scarfs for Panamas or charming ties for the military blouse are attracting attention. The Chin Chin scarfs arc of heavy lustrous silk with silk tassell ends and there are many assorted patterns and colorings. A scarf costs 50c.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
DONOFRID'S
21 East Washington Street.

ButtermilIc. precious for it's life pro- longing qualities will be served here to- day in new and attra ctive form. Even if you do not care for it ordinarily you will be fond of buttermlk as used in this frozen dainty. It is called Butter milk Delight.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
POPULAR DRY GOODS STORE

134-"6 East Washington Street
 PonSee. durable and effective for sport suits and for the well tailored costume. Also for afternoon frocks be- ing especially good this season. Thirty six inches wide in natural color silk p"ngee looks like the HOO unalitv for today only 25c yard.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
F or The lHl@pa@

STANDARD FURNITURE COMPANY
 237-239 West Washington Street
 The refrigerator is professionally a summer necessity. If your old one is not entirely satisfactory and vet worth something it can be traded for just the kind you want
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
IiANN Y'S
40 North Central Avenue.

The first answer to the call of the exposition is inspection of ones lug gage. Small steamer trunks and trunks of larger size $l0 to $40. All leather bags and suit Cases g. to 80 and leather accessories from S3 to s25.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
CAPITOL AUTO SUPPLY COMPANY
 ,1- Nnrth Central Arnn1,n
CADILLAC AGENCY W. \. HOrrcll. Manager.

52l North Central Avenue.
 The man who rides in the Cadillac for the first time does not need to he told by a technical expert that it's eight cylinder engine is an impressive success. The cooling device of the mo tor is especially adapted to Arizona summers.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
THE "S and R" CONFECTIONERY SHOP
3s North First Avenue.

Here are found the choicest fruits the market affords. Everything in season just little better than can be pur chased elsewhere Pure wholesome can dies too and fountain whore delicious drinks are skillfu1ly mixed.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
NEW STATE ELECTRIC SUPPL '
 AND FIXTURE COMPANY
.2S West Washington Street

32S West Washington Street Coffee has an entirely different flavor when made in Fl Perco. This electric percoiator by means of which coffee can be made at the table by attaching the wire to the ordinary electric light fixture costs $J and up
 B1RTRAM BROTHERS
 Electrical Contractors
 16 South Central Avenue Why look forward with a feeling of dread to the long hot term of the sum- mer?
 There is no need to.
 Even one electric fan in your home will show you how to be comfortable despite the heat.
 There is place in your home where you need the small comfort bringing electric fan.
 The cost of running an Emerson fan
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24

5Sb Noltn central Avenue
 Here are found two motor cars that possess many advantages. limited bank account need not deprive one of a car while the Maxwell. a most at tractive and inexpensive machine is in the market Both the man who owns one and he who would, agree that the quality of the six cylinder Chalmers is beyond competition. After all that is the sum total of motor car considera tions. of course accessories are never overlooked by the experienced tourist who will not forget Goodyear tires and other appurtenances to add to the com tort and enjoyment on the road.
 CAPITOL AUTO SUPPLY COMPANY
 5l7 North Central Avenue
 Whether you are contemplating an extended mileage or short trips about town. YOU will find it necessary to cure certain auto supplies. On almost every occasion when one uses ma chine. tour long short. you will pass Central avenue which makes it convenient to stop at this shop that is fully equipped with everything for The motor car.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
The We'll Dressed Man
GOLDBEEG'S

sGOLDBEEG.s
 5G East Washington Street ToyO and EJcadorian Panamas for B. and up. The pencil edge brim, diamond telescope and staple shapes. the hat with out rival for spring and summer wear
 HYDER'S STOKE DE LUXE
 3j-31 North Central Avenue Common sense and smartncsa combine in the Palm Beach Suits. In natural color. either plain stripes the prices range from $S.50 to S12..O.
Arizona republican., 1915-04-24
33o North Central Avenue

DWELL AUTO AND SUPPLY
 COMPANY
Evening star., 1915-06-20
ZINC A VALUED WAR METAL,

many being short in this connectio,.
,of you can, by roundabout way. and :
~ the ordinary sense, uneconomic proc.
sss, reduce "spelter" to fine zinc" T
go lot me slightest doubt that Ger
man scientific industry is equal to that
particular task, a fact which again re
Hlhos US that those who have a good
peace establishment have also a good
war establishment
Hreat Britain as zinc producer is a
sinai Iactor in the industry, but as a.
user or 1t in normal times she is a.
very heavy one. The total output OF
zlhc IN Great Britain from native ores,
IN the last year of peace was 5000,
.ons. ana her total output from domes-
nc ana Foreign ores was only 5s,oO8'
tons. In 1913 she imported l45, 900 tom
OF crude zinc, $1,000 tons of zinc ore
ana $4,000 tons of zinc manufactures.
ihe imports of zinc ores in 1918 were.
We wwol.n soout s2.ooo.ooo. and the imports,
OF crude zinc were worth about s2o,-
100000. Between 1907 and 1918 the
import Of ores rose slightly, while the
import of spelter rose from So, 600 tons
to $4,000 tons.
Inc production of zinc in the United
states during the year 1913, according
70 hgures furnished by the United
states geological survey. was 346.675
tons, and Its value was, in round num-
bflers. s3s. 1000
There is good deal of bitter discus
sIoH III England over the zinc situation
vast deposits of zinc exist in Great
Britain and in some of the British over
sea dominings, yet England, though be-
Ing a heavy consumer of zinc has NOT
turned herself very seriously toward the
production of spelter and fine zinc. II
would even seem that during this
period Of stress England is shipping
zinc ore to the United States for the
extraction of the much-needed metal.
An English writer addressing him
self to the zinc situation in Great
Britain recently said:
invite the reader toDcontemplate the
humiliation OF the present position.
Ihere are heaps Of zinc in the British
empire, but as we have only a baby
zinc plant, the zinc of the empire has to
go to America to be dealt with at this
time. because. forsooth, we cannot un-
dertake the job ourselves. There is a
pretty spectacle for a great industrial
people in the middle of a great war.
But we cannot depend upon getting
zinc from America, for that country re-
Qutres all she can make. So we are up
against the necessity of doing some
thing for ourselves at last in this con-
nection. and there ought not to be a
days delay in taking action.
The German zinc syndicate, before
the war, had collared our own Austria
liam zinc by a long-term contract.
which does not expire until 1921. This
Is being set aside. but how many of
US knew the fact before the war? The
government was quite ignorant Of the
extraordinary German world metal .
monopoly and its meaning. But there
is no longer excuse for Ignorance
Evening star., 1915-06-20
9OH1lIONIcATIOf1s FRoM GoNsULAR, AGENT5 AIsE
SENT TO THE DEPARTMENT PLAINLY NAR1CEDAs SUu

written pages and paid for at the rate
of IL cents word. thus costing very
close to S2.500. 1t seems prodigal. but
governments cannot hold back for ex-
penses in times of stress.
All this, however. is nothing. but the
cable feature of the big intelligence
system. There are about $50 embas-
sizes. legations. consulates and consular
agencies, which must report to the
department at varying intervals, rang
ing from once a day to once every two
weeks. These branch offices of the
department are scattered from China
to Chile.
The center-the brain of the system
is at Washington. One man and his
assistants preside over this nerve cen
ter He is DIR. John R. Buck. chief
of the index bureau of the State De-
partment The title however. does not
half way describe the job.
Buck is the boss of the departments
intelligence system. but his work is so
closely allied with the efforts of depart
ment officials that he. alone. would be
powerless to run the system. His
function is simply to supervise the de-
partment's vast network of mail routes.
telegraph and cable lines that spread
around the world.
In tie larger sense, Buck and his In
telligence system care for the product
of the Departments note writer's, and the
note writer's have been very busy 1olks
since last August He must also care
for the miscellaneous output of the diplo-
matte and consular service, which means
not alone the messages or orders to
agents abroad but also the responses
from those same agents which are con-
stantly pouring in. In other words. BUCK
has the job of moving this mass OF cor
respondence and, SO far, he has moved 1t
as well as the cables would permit.
For the most part. the cable gets the
departments closest attention. The cable
carries the major portion of all important
diplomatic correspondence and q great
deal of rush consular material such as
the reams of orders that passed between
Consul Frost at Queenstown and the de-
partment when the Lusitania was sunk.
On the other hand. no government. re-
gardless of the sum it pays for its cable
tolls postage stamps. can expect to
bring it's intelligence system to the high
est possible status if it permits its
facilities for secrecy to degenerate. There
must be code which Is a model Of
secrecy, and which would defy detection
Evening star., 1915-06-20
THE VEXED QUESTION OF WHO
DESIGNED CONFEDERATE FLAG

~ NE Of the acts Of the late Confed-
III II crate reunion at Richmond was an
official determination that the
credit for having designed the Confeder-
ate flag belongs to the late Maj. Orren
controversy is to who designed the flag
of the Confederate states will probably
go on forever. but the Confederate vet
Grams have recorded themselves as believ-
ing that Maj. Smith was the author of
the design Of the flag.
There have been various claimants in
connection both with the design and max
Ing of the Confederate flag and it is
believed that all the claimants had
some good ground to base their claims
on. So far as was in their power to do
so, the Confederate veterans have ad-
Justed the dispute. but the decision is but
human decision. The decision Of the
question was intrusted to a committee of
veterans. and Of that committee Gen. c.
Irvine Walker Of Summerville, S. c., was
chairman. 1t was he who presented the
report.
Among the claimants for the honor OF
early connection with the making Of the
Confederate flag were Miss Jessica r
Smith, daughter of Maj. Orren Randolph
Smith. and Nicola Marschall, an artist
who was a resident of Marion, Ala, in
1861. and who is now living in Louisville.
The report of the flag committee. though
not as emphatic as it might be, leaves no
room for doubt that the evidence sub
mitted to it favored Maj. Smith as the
author Of the flag.
The committee in its report said ''Your
committee is not, from the evidence be-
fore 1t, convinced that Mr.. Marschall ever
submitted a design for the flag Your
committee Is convinced that Maj. Smith
did submit a design AS the design which
the congressional committee submitted
with its report, which was adopted, the
evidence most clearly shows to be the
same as Maj. Smiths design, it is reason
able to conclude that Maj. Smith sub
mitted the design of the stars and bars
flag Of the Confederate states"
There have been numerous stories OF
the adoption Of the Confederate flag
has generally been called the battle
flag OF the Confederacy. One of the
stories. and 1t would appear to be q
plausible one, is that the flag was
agreed on at village within a few
miles Of Washington, Fairfax Court
House.
The story goes that it was at a con-
ference at that village between Cen
Beauregard. Cen Johnston and Gen
Evening star., 1915-06-20

This is diluted with measured quantities
of sterile water in test tubes
From this first dilution another cubic
centimeter is transferred to another test
tube OF sterile water. and so on until in
the test tubes there is series of diIu-
tions of milk from one In ten times its
amount OF water up to one in II 0,000 times
its amount in water. we will say.
"One cubic centimeter from each of
these dilutions Is transferred to test
tube containing gelatin This gelatin is
prepared with the addition of sugar and
salt, and all the other food materials
which bacteria need for growth-for their
1000 requirements are much like our own.
me gelatin is then poured into a
sterlle covered plate and put away at a
suitable temperature for several davs. As
the gelatin soldifies each bacterum is
neld precisely where 1t happened to he
and there 1t begins to multiply
III everything is entirely to its liking
1t multiplies very rapidly. In about
half an hour the original bacter1um dt.
V1des into two parts exactly alike. In
another half hour there are four of
them. Well. you know MULTIPLICATION at
that rate counts up rapidly and in about
two days the many millions of descend
ants of this one infinitesimal bacterium
form colony visible to the naked eve
The colonies can be counted and from
this we can calculate how many bacteria
were in the original milk. For example
II 100 colonies appeared on a plate we
know there were 100 bacteria present
when the plate was prepared; and the
same in the case of the one to one
thousand solution.
From the colony we can transfer a
mass of growth into anything we want
to keep it in. And by always taking
care that everything is sterile with
which it comes in contact. We can keen
the culture pure indefinitely.
Then said Miss Evans, the impor-
tant matter is. what kind of bacteria
form the colonies? Are they of a harm
full nature or are they the kind we want
in our milk to give a good flavor to
butter and cheese?
IF a botanist wants to identity a tree
he considers the size and shape of the
leaves. the kind of blossoms, the char
are too small to be recognized in anv
such manner. They are so small thai
individual characters of form are i'm.
possible. In fact, the many. MANY
species Of bacteria have only thres
shapes-round. long and twisted.
~
$50, we have to consider what they
can do. That is the important point
any way. We have to find out whether
they are capable of causing disease
what they can do to sugar, to fat tn
albumen: and to all the other kinds OF
foodstuffs. When we have found ont
what culture can do. we know what
1t is. This, then, is the end of our ex-
pertinent.
my next piece Of work will BE- OF
different. character" she said. IT will
Evening star., 1915-06-20


Quite naturally. green code Is used
as little as possible. 1t is the one best
bet In codes. and the department
doesn't want 1t to get before the spy
departments of other countries any
oftener than is possible. So 1t isn't
used freely.
However. suppose the ruler of some
foreign country has acted slightingly
toward an American ambassador ac-
credited to his country. This slight
would in all probability be admin
istered in private, and the ambassador
and the Department Of State would
want the news of the occurrence to be
kept very private and confidential until
they could at least act upon the mat
ter Out would come the new green
code and a message would be put in
cipher
If, however the State Department
wished to inform the ambassador, say
in London, that the actions of a GER
tain American official abroad were not
meeting with the approval of the Sec
retary of State. it is altogether prob
able that either the blue or red codes
would serve the purpose.
All code messages or cable messages
of any kind are addressed to "Secstate.
Washington" the departments cable
address, and are, signed simply with
the last name of the ambassador or
other diplomatic or consular agent
sending the message.
The work of DECIDING or coding cable
messages is in itself big task The
ordinary work of this kind is left to
the confidential clerks in the index
bureau, under the supervision of DR..
Buck, but when there comes COM
munication of the utmost Importance.
or when a communication of strictly
important and confidential nature
needs to be put in code. it Is usually
Ben G. Davis, chief clerk of the De-
partment of State, who does the work.
1t is not uncommon. however, to send
Evening star., 1915-06-20

w. l.. Cabell. who was chief quarter
master under Beauregard. that the flag
was agreed on and adopted. And that
was late in the summer of 1851, after
some very bloody fighting between the
troops of the north and the south
1t may be that the Confederate au-
thorities at Montgomery, Ala. to whom
the flag design of Maj. Smith was sub
m1tted, themselves submitted the mat
ter to military officers in the field for
their report before recommending adop-
tion. Probably various designs were
submitted. In this way the flag mat
ter may have come before Gems. Beau
regard. Johnston and Cabell, who were
at Fairfax Court House after the bat
tie of the first Bull Run
Ohcers and men in the field had felt
the need of a distinctive flag for the
southern troops. State flags were be-
ments, and there was Confederate
flag containing stars and bars, which
in the dust and smoke of the battle
field was easily confounded with the
Stars and Stripes. To reduce the dan
ger of this confusion, Confederate SOL
diers at the battle of Bull Run, three
days after the engagement at Black
burns ford. wore badges of red flannel
pinned to the left shoulder.
Beauregard and Johnston seem early
to have had an idea that flag with a
red field with a blue st. Andrews cross
containing white stars would make an
excellent and effective symbol. Where
they got that idea and when and how it
came to them has not been recorded.
After getting together they agreed
that 1t would be a good flag, and the
next thing the army knew was that
they were being issued 1t Is a matter
of record that Gen. Cabell, the quar-
termaster general Of the Army of
Northern Virginia, issued an address
to the ladies of the south, requesting
them to send to Capt. Collin McRae
Selp. quartermaster at Richmond, such
red and blue silk dresses as they could
spare, that they might be made into bat
tie flags. large number of ladies of
the south were at work in Richmond
making flags. and among them were
the Misses Carey of Baltimore. 1t is
said that the first Of the flags of the
battle design-the red field and blue
ST. Andrews cross inset with stars
was made by these women out of their
silk dresses, and that this flag was sent
to Gen. Beauregard and used by him.
That flag went through the war, and
is treasured relic in Confederate Me-
mortal Hall at New Orleans.
The making of battle flags out of
silk was not Carried on for long. Soon
they were made Of blue and red bunt-
ing. blue and red cloth, and any other
fabric of the proper color that came
handy.
Evening star., 1915-06-20
FDR Jon IN. II .bUeN

cred a marvel of mystery This code was
in use for the most confidential matters
until 1899, when the department was led
to believe that through years of use its
eign governments. so Haswel set himself
to the task of revising the red code into
another and more intricate system, which
he called the blue code.
From 1899 up to within few years
ago the blue code was the one used for
matters of the utmost importance and
secrecy, while the red code continued to
be used for matters Of secondary inn
portance. But about two years ago it
was decided that the blue CODE like the
red. was outliving its usefulness and then
DR.. Buck brought out the green code, into
which not more than dozen officials at
the State Department outside of the en-
bassy staffs. have even peeped.
Any request to take look at the code
books of the Department would be met
with a polite but altogether firm refusal.
The department sees to it that no possible
spy, even though he be disguised as a
harmless Sunday feature writer, has a
chance to peep between the covers of
that little book. 1t is a generally recog-
nized fact, however, that practically all
government codes are based upon some
document and a group of figures is used
to represent the page and line of the word
indicated.
For instance. code book page has. say.
25 numbered words, in column straight
down the page. Suppose. for instance.
that on page 45. in line -, there appears
the word mote" There Is code equiva-
lent for that word note which may be
"cat." If the matter is important, the
cable will not use the word cat" to in
dicate note" 1t will make its code even
more abstruse by sending the group of
figures "4512,' which means that on page
As. first line, second word, is the word
note
1t is perfectly easy, however. to make
an arrangement, say with the American
ambassador at London, to reverse the fig
ures in a certain code message. Instead
of reading "4512." the group Of figures
in the cable would read "2154," although
by means of the previous agreement the
word indicated would be the same.