Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-02-05

When was the first conscription Or
draft law passed in our civil war7
How many were drafted?
The CONSUMPTION law was passed
March 3. 1863. and after some preim
inaries the draft was made on the 9th
Vt October The law provided for the
enrolment Of all able bodied citizens
between the ages Of twenty and forty
1--WE years. and the total enrolment
was 3.il3.3O5. There were more than
ffty causes or grounds Of exemption
from the draft. mostly physical, and
In addition to this any person who
waH drafted became exempt by furnish
Ing an acceptable substitute or by pay
ing $s0O. About 40 per cent of the
men examined were enrolled: alMu.
one half Of those enrolled fmid the com
mutation Of $500: about two-thirds o!
the remainder furnished substitutes
and the other third went to the Geld IN
perx0n. THE total amount Of rommu
tation money received from those who
paid out" was $1O51S.OOO THE mum
her of substitutes furnished WAS esti
mated at l32.88, and the number "
drafted men who went to the Held thi
O43
Whist 10 the nature OF the aetIen o.
oil In calming waves at sea3
It IL mechanical. The philosophy Of
the operation II that the thin covering
Of oil floating on the waves prevents
the wind from entering under the sur.
face and thereby greatly reduces the
rOughness Of the sea. the height of the
waves and the breaking Of their crests.
which Is particularly dangerous fea.
ture.
Does . declaration Of war by one
country against another have to assign
reason or the cause Of the war?
There IL no set form for declara.
ton Of war. and 1t has even been ques-
toned whether formal declaration Of
any kind Ii necessary. An American
writer on international law says: IAN
act Of hostility. unless 1t be done in the
urgency Of self preservation or by way
Of reprisal, is In itself a full declara.
tion of intention: any sort of previous
declaration therefore is an empty for.
mality. unless an enemy must be given
time and opportunity to put himself In
Il state Of defense. and 1t Is needless
to say that no one asserts such quix
otism to be obligatory"
Formal declarations Of war rreced
ing the beginning Of hostilities we're
er,0ro c0ensuor Il, ouoi.,,t &{,,,os ...a T..
the middle ages than In modern times
Investigation has shown that of l1S
wars between l7iW and 1872 less than
ten showed declarations OF war prior
to hOstilities. but hostilities may con.
sist In the capture 1T Il single ship or
the crossing Of a frontier without the
loss Of life. Some modern wars.
however. have been preceded by a for.
NAL declaration. and there Is no uni.
formity Of action In the matter. A
convention Of the second Hague con
ference says: 1.-THE contracting now
ers recognize that hostillties between
them are not to commence without a
previoNs, aQd. >laNlp(HljnGe:1e warming.
which shall take the form either Of q
declaration OF war. giving reasons. or
Ut an ultimatum with Z conditional
declaration Of war;"
Kindly inform me vvl,ethee the tarrn
cessaek 10 the name Of raee n aua.
ella Or n Il 10 just the name q : hranoh
et the Russian army.
The Cossacks are Z mixed race ar
Russian. Tartar. Follsh and .oti,sr, sle.,
msnts. who are distinguished from or.
q Russians b. their unsettled mode Of
living ratnst than b. Z funds msn&al
difference In blood. They inhsbdt Err.
cipally TIE steppss Of ths Don and o.
Cbcaucasaa. They an accustoned a
avs n H. saddle. ana Il = this whaeh
has Owen thsm thsir great rspuAn41uo
- arsgulsr cavairymn.
Wesld ~ please print I IT q -
es1reeeN original seatoo3
Dshvass. PsaaHvlvania, New 3sm.,
0eosBla, Ceaneet1eoG lGnsuecinnueon
3esylaaA sestA Casolixn. Nv 1s1.s~
seaA vlsqlnA Nv vosk Neg(H ~.
- - o1n4D lBlhnd
- = RS f<SSp-'S- Is. .-l sso