davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
White Pine news weekly mining review. [volume] (East Ely, Nev.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-24
Retrenchment
toBeDiscussed
COMMISSIONERS AND CITY COUN-
Gil ARE CONSIDERING METH
DDS BY WHICH MATERIAL RE-
DUCTIONS MAY BE EFFECTED.

The city will be compelled to raise
$4,000 during the present year in
order to retire maturing bonds and
provide interest on other issues, be-
sides meeting payments on the auto
truck. As a result the council will
make no effort to lower the tax rate
for the year
The decrease In revenue as a re-
suit of depressed business conditions
will be offset by proposed retrench-
ments which have already been put
into effect.
George p. Armand appeared before
the council and requested that he be
employed TO audit the city books
The matter was deferred until the
next meeting. Mr.. Armand is a IL
censed accountant, and an examina-
ito OF the books every six months
is mandatory under the statutes.
Ordinances Nos. IA and 75 provid-
ing for the licensing OF dogs and the
manner in which licenses shall be col
lected was passed on first reading,
and will come up for second reading
at the next meeting.
An inventory of the fire apparatus
on hand was submitted by Royal F.
Matthias. chief of the fire department.
The report eliminates all equipment
which is not In seryieeable condi-
tion. The assets of the fire fighters
including the new chemical engine,
are worth $4,000.
City Marshal Shell reported the IL
censes collected during the month of
December totalled $94.
Retrenchment was the predomi-
nant topic of conversation among the
city and county officials. and a con-
ference between the governing bodies
of both bodies last Wednesday after
noon.
The members of the council are
anxious to have changes made In the
statutes so that the city authorities
can collect and retain merchandise Ii
censes which now finds Its way into
the county treasury. and to retain all
money derived from poll tax collected
within the city limits.
1t is the contention of the city Of
ficials that all licenses are retained
by municipalities elsewhere, and that
county roads within the corporate
limits have been maintained by the
city at considerable expense.
The commissioners seem to be in
favor of combining the functions of
the two governments whenever possi-
BILE. The members OF the county
board declare that the cost OF police
protection would effect an annual
saving OF $500 II the officers would
be placed under one head. II the du-
ties of the city clerk were handled
in the county clerks office. a need
less expense OF 5000 could be Topped
On. II the work of police Judge and
justice of the peace were handled by
one person the commissioners figure
an unnecessary expenditure of $50
month would be eliminated.
White Pine news weekly mining review. [volume] (East Ely, Nev.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-24

James Tucker and John A. Carl
son arrived from Cherry Greek Tues
day afternoon to urge the appoint
ment of Constable |. W Jordan as
policeman for that township. Their
mission was unsuccessful as the COM
missioners decided that "a paid peace
officer was not necessary
White Pine news weekly mining review. [volume] (East Ely, Nev.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-24
Campton Manager in Salt Lake.

Fred West, manager of the Camp
ton Commercial Co. left for Salt
yesterday morning on a purchasing
trip He will be absent about a week
White Pine news weekly mining review. [volume] (East Ely, Nev.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-24
starr Victor in Litigation.

starr Victor in Litigation.
Judgment was rendered in the
Justice court In favor of defendant
In the case of II w. Lee against Fred
starr gIhe action was brought TO
collect money on checks that Starr
issued while he was in an irresponsi-
b1e condition. E vfta
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16
BREAKING DEAL
FOR FUEL-0|[ MADE BY
MEXICAN PETROLEUM CO.
in Shipping to Result From Experiments
Proving Oil Double Value Of Coal.

The Mexican Petroleum Company has just signed an agree
ment with British shipowners and capitalists that means the
beginning of a new epoch in the industrial history OF England.
The details for publication cannot be secured at this time. but
this agreement calls for the greatest volume of fuel ever in
volved in a single deal. The deal is a record breaker not only IN
regard to the volume of oil to be furnished, but also in regard
to the period of years through which it extends. 1t calls for
the building of entire fleets of oil tankers and for the recon-
struction of great ocean liners so that they can burn fuel-oli
under their boilers.
Before this deal was entered into a series of fuel-oii ex-
periments was conducted at an expense of over f3O0,OOO ISL,
5OO,000) by one of the wealthiest men in the British Empire, a
man extensively interested in shipbuilding, maritime transpor-
tation and engine construction. His experiments proved that
fueLoil burned under the boilers of steamships has twice the
value of coal. and if used IN an internal combustion engine 1t
has six times. Having arrived at these results, negotiations
were entered into with President Edward l.. Dohenya and Vice
President Herbert G.. Wyle of the Mexican Petroleum Com
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16

in New York. The prospect OF rem
edying the disordered currency and
resuming specie payments through
the conversion fund has been inter-
fered with by the disturbance u To
the European war and the date set
for the return to gold a been post
poned to January 1. 1917.
Banking facilities, both native and
foreign, are excellent. as also are the
means Of ascertainfng commercial
credits. 1t Is understood that
the demand for an American bank
in Chile. which has been voiced 80
often By the consular representatives
of the United States. VIII be satisfied
by the National City Bank of New
York establishing q branch at San
tlago or Valparaiso. The increase in
direct intercourse with the United
States which is following the opening
OF the Panama Canal invites to more
intimate financial relations, and drafts
on New York before long may be eX-
pected to take the place Of drafts on
London as the medium OF commercial
transactions.
Chile's foreign IL large
ia proportion to the population. The
year 1913, which may be considered "A
normal one, showed a little under
1855. coo. 900. ~ which the exports eX-
ceeded the imports by $4,000, 900.
Good Market for q. =. Goods.
Chile as a market FOR the United
States and the United States as a
market for Chile are both susceptible
Of considerable development. The
United States IL said tn use fertilizers
for her agriculture to the extent oi
$3.50. 900. 900 annually. and the Chilean
nitrates are as yet a small part OF
this sum. In 1913 the exports from
Chile to the United States were val
ued at $50. 400. 900. and " this amount
approximately $50, 600 900 were nj
trates. Copper exports exceeded
$1,000 900. and silver ores approx
mated $1,000. 900.
The total imports from the United
| States We're valued at $50, 600 900. TIE
largest item was mineral oils, which
amunted { S.. 000. 200. steel rails am
railway supplies and other iron and
steel products reached $4,000, 600. Ma
chinsry. in which mining machinery
was an important factor, eNceede,
SO. 800, 900. American farm nipple
ments also have a very good market
in the central valley.
Chile is one of the few South Ameri
can countries in which the United
States makes a respectable showin'
In textiles. the imports ~ American
textiles approximating 100000. TIL
j coal. market OF. Chile also has beer
entered by the United states Will
some success.
II Is apparent from a detailed stud.
OF the Chilean imp,rts that excel!en
chances exist FOR the United state
in a variety OF manufactured goods.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16
COAL TO Be BAN|SHEO
FROM SEVEN SEAS.
Oil the Ideal Field for Safety.
Speed and Economy.

The revolution that the Mexican
Petroleum Company has Inauguratod on
the seven seas by the introduction vi
tuel-oil is without question he most
important economic change IN this ,en-
fury. The use OF fuel-oil on ships began
several years ago but IN a very ;im.d
WAY, and nothing important vas done
that line. The companies opcg-
ating ,he really big ocean liners had
not. until 4 few " ks given IL
their Official approval. Individual ship
owners who were p.onee.s IN using fuel
oil even difficulty N getting AIDE.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16

to the grand total Of one hundred mil
lion, which II reached in 1914. Il was
Doheny who with logged presidency
trailed the general managers Of the
western railroads around in the early
oil DAYS OF California until they agreed
to use fuel-oil on their locomotives
to the great profit OF Doheny but 20 the
still greater profit and advantage Of the
railroads themselves.
Having established their business in
California on a permanent foundation.
Doheny and Garfield went TO Mexico
and purchased, as a starter. in 1900.
four hundred thousand acres OF land
in what is now known as the Ebano dis
u.ct west OF Tampico. Mr.. Wylie was
placed in charge Of the development.
The first well was compile. ed on May
-. 1901. Before any other company
commenced TO produce oil in the repub-
lie the Mexican Petroleum Company had
been in operation four years and had
purchased and sold several million bar
rels OF oil, and had made contacts TO
SlpllE HtdAlS f4E"As -hNS tt' ''H Va pit
railway mileage in Mexico with fuel-oil
for locomotives.
This part OF Mexico was at hat time
as unknown 4 country as when Cortez
annexed il 10 the Spanish Crown. The
Ieep. tropical juugles We've considered
mt for civilized human habitatlon and
no attempt whatever had been made 10
petroleum lay broillng in the sun ami it
was only when the promoters OF the
Mexican Petroleum Company began pur-
chasing his land that It's value was
appreciated.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16
Had Choice Of All Lands.

They sought no government conces-
sions but purchased the Lands on right
from the actual owners, used natives
as much as possible in the development
work, established hyg!cuic conditions,
drained swamps and cleared the ~jungles.
until what was I. wilderness fourteen
years ago - now one Of the most beau
tiful, healthtul and produc We portions
Of the country.
Being on the ground years In advance
Of any other oil men they naturally Sc
lectei the best land and took their own
time to do SO. The only land that other
hat the Mexican Petroleum Company
passed over as not quite good enough to
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16

The fact that such a great piece of
business has come 70 the Mexican Pc
tro,eum Company has attracted public
attention to this concern in Il large way.
It ls an American company owned and
by Americans. II operates in
the plains bordering the Gulf Of Mex
leo, west and south, OF Tampico. The
company was organized by Mr., Doheny
and his associate, the late {, A.. Can
field. These two had made a fortune
producing oil in California and We're
very largely responsible for the cam
pa On tha- increased the production of
that STATE from u few thousand barrels
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16

mans. but there has been no distinct
immigration Of this kind for half a
century.
Santiago, the capital, has $4,000
inhabitants. Its natural situation In
m of great beauty and the city itself
is noted for fine buildings, broad a.a-
madas, or avenues, and handsome
parks. The granite o~utcroppins.
known as the Hill Of Santa Lucia, in
the heart of the city. with its wealth
of wooded vegetation. is n OF ma
lures most exquisite gifts.
Santiago's commercial importance
lies In the fact that Its situation at
the head OF the railway system
places 1t in direct connection with the
central valley. the coast and with
Argentina. All the leading business
houses either have their headquarters
at the capital or branches, and the
same Is true Of the financial institu-
tons.
second to san Fra ncisco.
Valparaiso is the largest port on the
Pacific coast. with the exception OF
San Francisco. The annual tonnage
Of vessels entering and clearing ex-
ceeds L.5O0, 900. The population Of
Valparaiso is 200, 900.
Iquique Is the great nitrate port. II
has 5000 inhabitants. Antofagasta Is
the shipping point for both Chilean
and Bolivian products. The ci.y
has several Industrial plants. including
A big smelter. IL has $4,000 inhabi-
tants.
Coquimbo is a northern port Of
consequence on account OF its relation
TO the iron ore fields. The principal
town. however. Is Ia Serana. a few
/ miles distant. which has a population
OF $4,000.
South of Valparaiso is Talcahuano,
which Is a military port, and Also has
some commerce. Conception is the
leading city on the southern coast. II
is an ocean gateway to tire railway
system of the central valley and is
the centre OF a large import trade
The population IL $4,000.
Chile derives the national revenue
chiefly from export and import taxes
The national budget sometimes run.
as high as SIS, 900, 900. with. a heavy
expenditure for public works anC
military establishment.
The basis OF the monetary system
is the theoretical god peso, or dollar
equal to Is pence. or 36ha cents. TIL.
paper peso Is the medium OF actua
circulation, and II nuctuates from
year to year. During 1914 the pes,
circulation was S33. 1870. 900. against {
face value Of s61 100. 900 on the gol,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16

Chilean copper exports are likely to
20 forward until they exceed the guam
tlty exported in the most productive
years OF the past.
variety In Agriculture.
The agricultural area under culti-
walton Is relatively small. II Is a little
u.ore than 3,oO0, 600 acres, Of which
10000 JOE acres are given over 10 the
cereals. All the products Of the tenn
p-rate zone, vegetables aud fruits. as
well as the cereals, are cultivated with
success, and also many sub-tropical
products. Niti-culture also fourishes
The vineyards comprise about $50. 900
acres. The wine product Is now seek
Ing an export market, since II IL In
excess Of the domestic consumption.
The live stock industry Is a growing
one. According to recent statistics
there are 500. 900 horses. 1850. 900 cat
tie and 4,l6s,oo sheep.
Chile ranks high as an industrial
country al well. More than 500. 0OO.-
900 Is invested in various forms of
light manufactures. These include
food and food preparations. The
leather industry, including tanning. is
a prosperous one. in which $4,000 900
is invested. There are some KIN .tting
mills and other textile factories. Nu-
merous -four mills grind the native
wheat and also Australian wheat, and
the product Is exported to neighboring
South American countries. A large
refinery absorbs much of the
raw cane sugar produced IN Peru.
The policy OF the nation is to en-
courage domestic industries by pro-
tective duties and by tariff conces-
sions on the material TO be used BY
them.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16

Test. with Three ships.
IN making the experiments which re-
suited in this great business arrange
ment for ~fuel-oil, three ships were used
OF equal tonnage and built or similar
lines. They were used as nearly as
possible under similar conditions of car
goes weather and voyages. one was
run In the usual way burning coal, the
second as 4 tue!-oil burning ship. while
the third used the Diesel type OF In
,erral combustion engine as power pro-
Queer. All economies were taken into
consideration. including labor. space
we light ard general care OF the ship,
torether with It's behavior at sea and
wear and tear on machinery.
n these experiments, which extended
over a period OF months, n which
wore checked up by experts. no account
was taken Of the price OF the fuels used.
TIE only effort Vas TO find relative
values. Now that il has been estab-
lished that oil has substantially twice
the value OF coal when used for pro-
ducirg steam. and SIX times the value
when used In an internal combustion
engine, il is a very simple matter 10
adjust prices, oil is purchased by con-
sum-rs on the basis OF It's relative econ
omy as n heat and power producer
ra.her than on the basis Of its theoret!c
neat value. The average heat value
of tuel-oll Is about lS,5O0' -. {. u. pei
pound. and that OF good quality btu
mlnous coal about $4,000 r. t. II. The
economies OF operation with oil are
fully as important As the extra hea'
con aimed IN il, ard the agreement made
by the British ship owners Is expected
70 nave a worldwide influence on fue
users and steam producers.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16
strong Merchant Marine.

Chile is essentially a maritime ma
ton with a strong merchant marine
II its own. There are fifty landing
Punta Arenas In the south and a few
of them are good natural ports.
The Government plan Of port i'm
provements. while costly, IL a compre-
hens.ve one. The greatest advance
thus far made = at Valparaiso. where
much work has been done on the great
breakwater and on the improvement
OF the wharf and dock facilities.
These works are to be completed
within the mex four years. Already
Lore than $4,000, 900 has been spent
or them. Liberal appropriations also
have been made for harbor improve
ments at other ports at a total cost
IN excess Of s?i 200, 900.
Thu Chilean railway system has
1000 miles in operation. Of which APP
proximate'y 1000 miles are owned and
operated by the State. The private
lines are mostly those in the nitrate
districts.
For years the Government has
maintained a consistent policy Of rail-
way construction. The marvel of r.
cent years is the building. under the
direction OF the State, Of the !ongi-
tudinal railway which parallels the
coast. This has been constructed
parity for commercial purposes. but
largely for strategic reasons. In order
TO bring the extreme north OF the
country and the extreme south in
touch with the centre entirely by land
, communication,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16

purchase. Even these passed lands have
proven valuable and some very great
are flowing On them as a result
of development by other companies.
on the tracts they secured south of
Tampico, gushers have been brought in
that have broken all records OF the Pc
troleum world for volume and presidency
OF production. The company has more
than 10000 acres in the gusher region.
More than the usual equipment Of pipe
lines, pumping stations. tank farms and
other appliances are established on the
properties. The company has 4 topping
plant at Tampico with an intake capac-
ity Of thirty thousand barrels daily.
While it produces considerable distillate
and gasolines II has not up to the pres
ent gone extensively MO the business
OF fractional distilling. combining itself
chiefly to the sale OF distillate, fuel-oils,
and road-making materials.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16
Company Rivals California.

Taking the tested capacity Of all the
wells II Is no exaggeration To say that
the Mexican Petroleum could alone, IL
called upon. supply practically as much
suel-oil as the entire State Of California.
In order TO handle the vast supplies
OF oil VIII ch /. has now entered iato an
agreement to furnish. he company is
establishing n great tank farm at deep
water on New York Harbor, where 1t
has purchased three hundred and fifty
acres of land. II la a -thousand-acre
plantation twenty miles north of New
Orleans on the Mississippi River where
a refinery is just being finished together
with tankage for half a million barrels
OF oil. The Illinois Central Railroad
runs along one edge Of this plantation,
so tina II can furnish bo.h land and
water plants.
At Providence. Rhode Island. a great
storage station Is being established, and
other stations will be established "a; I'M
portant ports OF New England and along
the Atlantic s~eabOard. as well AS at the
Atlantic end % the Panama Canal. In
connection with the people represented
In the new agreement. fuel-oil stations
wrl also BE- established in all important
countries, so that the Mexican Petroleum
Company has now become a world in
s;itution.
Establishment; Of the companys tank
farm on New York Harbor and the
opening OF It's Eastern headquarters at
No, - Sroadway in this city will mean
much to New York in the way OF emf
ployment Of additional thousands OF
persons.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16
Railroad Across Andes.

Chilean ports on the Pacific are now
in communication with the Atlantic
ports OF the Argentine Republic
since the trans-Andean line was ex-
tended through the Uspallata Pass to
the Argentine border. where it formed
a junction with the Argentine line.
Thus railway communication with
Buenos Ayres is possible in all seasons
of the year, while formerly when the
winter ~ closed the Cspallata
Pass 1t was necessary TO take the
steamer through the Straits OF Ma
gellan. The time required for the
Journey from Valparaiso to Buenos
.Ayres is about fifty hours.
The population OF Chile is officially
estimated at $500, 900 inhabitants. The
so-called foreign element includes
English. French. Italians and Ger
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16
safety First with OiI.

Coal loses eight or ten per rerf % 10
heating value the first year after .t
mined. and In addition to that. "a en-
stored In large quantities DO boo.
mates 1t IT. liable TO spou'ai u.. conn.
bustion. OF ships that sail '., ags
with cargoes Of coal nue pep .. NJ
those carrying over two thousand .ons
catch fire before the coal Reaches .s
destination.
Not only coal d~ste~iortir t.e
catch fire sp0a euusly ngt No. s. r.l.f.
% shift In the ruuk,rs lul J,..r., .,.
equilibrium Of y shin. Tn H.a.-.u.r.tr
ships even the coal used '1r rIr' .rs
20 be trimmed constantly aa q volume
= reduced hv consumpt|o on I'm 'ro my.
naces, lest the ship attain a dt1s,r1is
list
The United States Goyer-wr,. -s.
Gently appointed A board - ..,..' .l..
the value OF ~fIel-oil 20 the 0t.. I-u
the p~ermanence OF srp~'v ..' ...s
with the result that our fov,-- ua.. Nr.
finally adopted the policy rt .l-r...
oil on all new naval vessels r', sl..
pennsylvania" launched y f.N S.,-
ago at Newpor. New. o.. the ID. .... H
tleship IN the world tgl r. Ul.. ..
fuel aboard hu; OIL r." "gg..0 ' q
BETH OF the British rlv,. ... DISH.
vuished itself q the hunHn~ 'r,n' %.
he forts at the pnrl t"e'r-. $50. "a.
largest oil-buruiug batt'rs,g1 H'uI. Ir.
I'll the 'Pennsylvanil' vu- 'aIr oI
All ships are supposed iI ... l.
FOR the purpose 81 qI.e'Hg 'fa y.,..
In violent storms Nu' nIDH q .r. r.
been caught without it-fpr rs'In.a 'u,
"Nolturno.' a Few months ago So pf
burning ship has alwiFs mo- t..UI1-.
supply for such pUrpps,S.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16
Gold Convention Fund.

This $4,000, 900 Is the gold con-
version fund. The greater part OF 1t
is kept in London. although a portion
is in Berlin. and a smaller portion