davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Medina sentinel. [volume] (Medina, Ohio) 1888-1961, 1915-11-05
CHARGE negro WITH
SERIOUS OFFENSI

The eight-year-old daughter Of
Postmaster Carpenter Of Spencer was
the victim Of a criminal assault last
Monday evening at her home, by Geo.
Hill, young negro, who has been
working for Mr.. Carpenter, and who
fed before he could be apprehended.
Sheriff Gehman was summoned to
Spencer several hours after the as
sault had been discovered, but Hill had
already disappeared 1t is reported
that Hill loitered about town for an
hour or so after knowledge Of the
crime was generally known in Spencer.
The Medina sentinel. [volume] (Medina, Ohio) 1888-1961, 1915-11-05
ORDERS ALL SCHOOL
HOUSES INSPECTED

AS a precaution against such dis
aster as occurred in Peabody, Mass,
in which more than score of school
children lost their lives, State Factory
and Shop Inspector George Bope has
notified all his deputy inspectors TO at
once make inspections of all schools,
churches, motion picture theaters,
opera houses and other places Of pub
lie amusement to see if they are in a
safe condition.
The Medina sentinel. [volume] (Medina, Ohio) 1888-1961, 1915-11-05

i Wadsworth Township-E. w. Lee
N. S. Yockey.
Western Star-Tie between c
.Leiberling and G. Spicer and Cloyc
Leiberling and 3. Hutchinson.
Westield Clyde Tanner, G. A
Dowd. -&
LeRoy-F. II. Hawley, Fred East
man.
York -Theo, Haury, Albert Frank.
York SpL F.H. Todd, N. E. Branch
Township Trustees
Brunswick. Trustees, c. Lindley. L
w. Vaughn, A. r. Clement; Clerk, A
F. Root; treasurer, M. M. Perkins
constable, L. L. Chidsey; ditch super,
visor H. Barton; assessor, A. L
Jones.
Chatham: Trustees, H. E. Kilmer
j, A. Kruger, A. w.. Robinson; clerk,
G. Gnnsaul; treasurer, L. R. Wideman;
constable, H. G. AIberts; ditch super
visor; M, H. Whitney; assessor, M. H.
Packard; Justice Of Peace, E. N. Whit
man. eR''f
Granger: Trustees. G. .. BAIRD, IF. L.
Wilbur, A. J, AlIard;, clerk, s. w.
Ganyard; treasurer, A P. Haigft;
constable, E. C. Wager; ditch super
visor, John Young; assessor, J.. H.
indoe; Justice Of Peace, H. w. Cod
ding.
\ Guilford: Trustees, E. R. Boyer. Ed.
Kuhn, John .Shaffer; clerk, E. Det-
weller; treasurer, ]. R. Minton; con-
stable, J, H. Mold; ditch supervisor, A.
n. Rohrer; assessor, Elmer Lee; JUS
tice Of peace, B. G. Foster.
Spencer: Trustees. ]. R. Browand,
3. 3. Eshelman, O.W. Walters; clerk,
N ]. Walters; treasurer, J. E. Cur
tice; constable, w. D. Boon; ditch sup
erviscr, Geo. Hartman; assessor, II.
w, Wales; justice Of peace, j. Ingra-
ham.
Lafayette: Trustees, ]. E. Gault, E.
s. Kulp, A. D. Miller; clerk, E. E.
Lowe; treasurer, G. H. Harrington;
constable, J. H. Ritter; ditch supervis-
or, tie'between Levi Fleming and Thos
Derhammer; assessor, M. Leather
man; Justice Of peace, s. III. Nickerson.
4 Litchfeld: Trustees, w. Es Leach,
AN. y 49, Z 81 vi la l1s
The Medina sentinel. [volume] (Medina, Ohio) 1888-1961, 1915-11-05
CREsTON co. SUES AGAIN

The Pape-Glair Wood Products
company of Creston sued the Com
mercial Union Fire Insurance com
pany Of New York in common pleas
court Monday morning for $1,000
on policy held on an automobile
truck that was destroyed when the
company's factory was burned down
Dec. 20, 1914. This is the third
company that has been sued by the
Creston firm for refusing to pay
damage on property lost in the fire.
Taylor & Etling are attorneys for
the plaintiff.
The Medina sentinel. [volume] (Medina, Ohio) 1888-1961, 1915-11-05
CAR KILLS 20 sHEEp \,

twenty sheep were killed o,,t,.; VI, !,
ana !. several more injured when a J
! southwestern traction car north ran !
lnto l (, e herd belonging to Lee FlicI5 ~ ~
Jackson Saturday afternoon. FI;SI, y
was away from home and III his M shA
sence the sheep broke out II III. ! sass N
ana I! got on the car tracks. ThA ,ss MI.
'dld not ] leave The rails. Flick n; 3 ~ !
is heavy. N s'''u ~ 1858
The Medina sentinel. [volume] (Medina, Ohio) 1888-1961, 1915-11-05

CONTINUED on page fodsD
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
BIRDS Invited
TO OAKLAND
Park Department viii Give
Whole Island to the
FeatFlery Tribe.

OAKLAND, Cal. May 2e.-An ofic-
-tal invitation to all aquatic birds on
the Pacific coast TO make their head
quarters in Oakland IS to be issued
at once by the park department. OF
this city and It Is believed that the
response viii he a practically unan1-
nous acceptance
Lee s. Kerfoot. superintendent OF
.oakland,s parks. Is sponsor for the
plan. He Will give them an island all
their own. see that they are properly
fed and that absolute protection from
injury is furnished them
8 In the center OF Oakland is Lake
Merritt. the only salt Water lake IN
the world. that lies within city $
limits. Kerfootis plan is to construct
an artificial ISLAND. at least three acres
IN extent. in the middle of the lake.
planting It thickly with trees and
bushes and making it a perfect refuge
for Wild fowl. Not only ducks and
sea gulIs Will be made to feel at home
on the island. hut also swans. both
white and black Australian pelicans.
Wild geese. and other Wild fowl that
wish a safe refuge during all or part
OF the year.
Kerfoot.s plan has the support Of
the city council.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
new LAWS
Pertaining to Divorce Make
West Virginia Lose Title
of Second Reno. 9

wEIEEI1Na w Va. May 2et- --
west Virginia. long hailed as the sec
onA Reno, has lost its prestige as
divorce state. Misnated couples
nave given this state the go7by and
applications for divorces nave 1aHen
Oh ninety per cent throughout the
state rs the result OF the new divorce
laws passed BY the legislature IN Jam
nary and now IN effect It IS nov no
ronrer possible to secure divorce
secretly. All testimony Is taken IN
open court
Heretofore the cases we're heard IN
chambers by judges OF the circuit
conf and all testimony was submits
led In depos:tions Divorces were
manted without the public heaTIngos
them Themes divorce law conta4us
.oanv stringent provisions. Ttspro=
Ides for a dzvorce con1zntsston IN
each comfy whose work Is somewa1at
simiiar TO that OF q detective and Il
LEO n-ov5des couples divorced shall
not marry within SIX years after the
divorce Is granted
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30

adequately Supervised
- Getting Land.

adequately supeTsised
/ Getting Land.
| .sThe teacher should ASSIST the pu-
pills by. way OF securing land Wnen
black. yards are not liable Near
By vacant lots may Usually be pro
cured for the purpose The teacne5
also assists the children IN planning
their gardens and ORDERING g taeasss eEo
in adyancezof the planting season. Sne
instruc1s them in the starting OF
plants IN the window and IN hot beds
and she demonstrates the method OF
fert5Nzing spading, Eadng, hoe1ne'
watering, wedding, thinning market7
ing and canning Early IN the season
she work with groups OF children
zone afternoon she VII announce that
the children in certain block VIII
Meet in John Smiths back yard foT
a demonstration IN preparing the SOIL
and planting seeds The 1o1oW1ns
afternoon she viii repeat the per
formance in Mary Joneess back yard
for the benefit OF the children in that
section. This. program Is continued
until the field has been covered AZ
ter the spring rush she works with
the individuals, mahng sure thar
they are keeping mp a succession OF
cropping and are making the very
best use OF their land and Their ef-
forts
These recommendations. according
to DR.. Jarvis, are intended for the
Ordinary city school In a few OF the
larger cities. on account OF an al
sence Of back yards, the Plan cannot
/ be worked out perfectly. but in most
cities there are more back yards and
vacant lots available than is gener
ally believed In the more congested
cities the effort should be to approach
as nearly as possible this ideal All All
the available land should be utilized
and the typical school garden with with
its small plots may be the nearest
approach. The resourcefu1 teacher
usually will find a way
It is the hope Of DIR. Jarvis that all
who are interested IN the promotion
o.. this important work will bend their
efforts toward standardizinS the gar
den work in schools
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
HALF HOLIDAY
On Saturdays during the Sum
mer Months is Granted
State ConviCts.

The 1927 convicts who make up
the population OF the West Virginia
pen:tensiary will. beginning With yes
terday. enjoy a Saturday half holiday
during the summer months.
The majority Of the convicts are
employed in the prison shops on con
tracts and work much the same hours
as free labor on the outside.
The prison board recently adopted
tne half holiday on recommendation
of the warden. who pointed out the
benefits to be derived from the week
~ rest.
A score of civilians employed n the
prison viii also benefit by the inno-
yafion
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
FIRST coal
HIIsBIRG DISTRICT
DATES BACK TO ESQ
Discovery Of The Fuel Made by
English Troops, Says z.

) The first coal mine in the Pitts
burg district was opened in 1850 by
British troops, according 10 John =.
iCowan. OF The Ptttsburg lndusfr1al
Development Commission, Who says
In q recent article contributed to the
Sun Of that city
The discovery OF an lnexhansnote
supply OF fuel 50 near at hand was
by long odds the most important thing
accomplished by the kings troops
throughout their tenure of sovereign
II OF western Peunsylvania- The
presence OF coal destined this TO be a
great Industrial coumunity long be
fore the first workshops were estah-
Hshed here and long before the red
coated soldiers withdrew from Eort
Pitt Last summer Mayor Armstrong
went TO London and told the British
OF the present generation that the
PfttSburg district produced 9S,o2S,o6S
tons OF coal annually, or more than
half Of the production all the coal
mines IN England It is more than
twice the total output ofEau the mines
In France
to See Pfttsburg Firsr will find no
trace of the early coal mine that sup
piled the garrison at Fort Pitt 1o5
years ago: According TO the topo-
graphical map OF the environs Of the
point IN the Carnegie museum. the
pioneer mine had its entrance near
the spot where the Duquesne Heights
Inclined plane crosses the Panhandle
railroad tracks. The first settlers OF
Pittsburg found outcropptng OF coal
from this point to the mouth of Lit
tie Sawmfll run and in the hills above
the Little Sawmil1 run valley. Natur-
ally they. called the Inountain south
of the city. Coal Hill'f and 1t was
known by this name until forty years
ago, when plans OF. lots we're laid out
on it's summit, and It Was built up
and became denseiy populated
Henceforth Coal Hi was to be known
at Mt Washington and Duquesne
Heights.
6 About the time that Boston re-
sounded with the echoes OF battle from
Lexington and Concord and the town
of Pittsburg was considered more im-
portant than the ruined Stockade at
Fort Pitt. the people OF this locality
were digging Coal from all the sur
rounding hills. Small Sorges were set
mp and soon after the close OF the
Revolution the frontier town had ac-
CURED reputation as the seat Of a
manufacturing community. Travel
.ers beEan writing Of the alleged dis
comforts OF Pittsburg smoke and ever
since every wandered who comes this
way tries to disport his shallow WIT
by making inane remarks about the
SCOT and CRIME OF the smoky City
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
American Surgeon in Serbia
5 Falls Victim TO the Dead
IN 1yphuS.

WASHINGTON d. C.. May 29-in
- Ie,+teI TO the American Red Cross
which fairly slows with appreciatloIl
~ N . fortStude and the skill OF Amer
icsn Red Gross surgeons ana nurses
3, tynhus ridden Serbia, Sir Ihonaass
Linton says that, however sIeaI, e le
dangers soldiers may be exposed ~
they do not exceed those faced ps Lne
Doctors and nurses in the typnus reg
- Dying Request
wiring aboard his yacht. Erin,
u.h;ch has been converted into Brit
.ish. Red Cross hospital ship: near
FSoI1theate. Middlese1. Sir Thomas
sneaks of the patriotism and human
frrianism of DR.. James f. DonneH!
an American Red Cross surgeon, VINO
lost his life in the struggle VIII me
typhus epidemic in southern Seroac III
February -,
Sir Thomas. "he told me that ne % W
afraid the might attack the
sSiIfage.s and he asked me II I could
2 riye him large American nag 50
Tilat he could put it up on the build
ing as the only one they had was
snail one. OF course I told him that
he co,tld have whatever he wanted IN
thaf direction. He sent down the
next day and got a large American
aaE and alao a Red Cross flag the
day. before he died he expressed me
wish that If he did not live he would
like these two flags wrapped about
his body. His wishes in this respect,
of course, were carried out
.As Thief In the Night
.-eWhen 4 went 10 the hospital at
CheTgheli. DIR. Donnely came to see
me OF on the train also the doctors
and nurses who were with me- Before
the train started, two OF the American
nurses. whom had not seen In the
hospital, came down TO see me. They
were very cheerful and seemed 10 he
in the best of health. i gave them
some little hospital comforts. and
when the train left the two ladies' and
the doctor were waving their hands
.-On my return. some days after
wards, when the train stopped at the
station, made inquiries about tne two
nurses and the doctor, and was told
to my great grief, what had happen
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
Big Snake
Found in Room of a Louisville
Hotel and 1t Shows
Fight.

LOUISVILLE. KY, May 2e-James
F. NcGee, former cashier of the
Crestwood bank. got the scare OF his
life and suffered shock which neces-
STATED calling a physician when he
found a six-foot Georgia Bull" snake
crawling about his room in local
hotel.
Thinking a friend was playing a
Joke on him MCGEE grabbed the snake
when the reptile began to show tight
and put up hard battle, clerks and
attaches OF the hotel came to his res
cue.
"A clerk at the hotel said the snake
belonged to a vaudeville performer
whose room was directly above that
of McGee's-
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
MANUFACTURE
OF GREOS0TE
IS |NCR'E|AS'ING
Shortage of Imported Wood
Preservative Stimulates Do
.mesfic Prot ctoR.
,.,rrtAL ~o7-ne TrteasAl..

WASHINGTON, May 2e.-owing to
q falling on since August I, OF nearly
thirty per cent in shipments of creo-
sote from England and Germany.
whence comes all but a small part
of the imported OIL used by wood pre-
serving plants in this country. Aneri-
can manufacturers have taken steps
which, says a report compiled by .he
forest service, it is estimated viii in
crease production of the domestic ar
ticle by about twenty-fye per cent
The imported oil ordinarily forms
about sixty-fveS per cent OF the total
used in the United States. where creo-
sore is the most important wood pre-
sentative:
Rapidly Advancing.
The statistics gathered show that
wood preserving is one Of the most
rapidly advancing Industries In the
country. IN. 1895 theEesw fifteen
plants in the United States. In 1914
there were 122 plants ofzSaH kinds.
100 being of the .pressures cylinder
type Ninetr-four of these plants last
year used: more than seventyEnine
million gallons of creosote OF, more
than twenty-seven million pounds OF
dry zinc chloride. and nearly two and
one half million gallons, Of other pre-
servatives. such as coal tar.and crude
oil: treating total OF nearly SIi6o mil
lion cubic feet OF timber. an increase
OF about seven million cubic feet over
1913. and OF thirty-fve million cubic
feet over 5e1o - ssa-,..-.zS-
Makes Better fes.
The most important consumers; are
I'll, large plants-in wh1chsraftroad t1es
49,
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
=IIPTON TELLS OF
AMERICAN HERO

ed TO the doctor, and that the Two
yo,ng ladies were lying very III with
fyn4us. think this made mine out
OF the twelve American nurses VINO
had typhuss.s,
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
Negro PAS lis DeeeIs
Bill Viii
PiekanillI

wAYNEsBoRo, Ga o.-Esoe s
the drst time fn t1e listoyy q. st a..
state q pschninny has beensIse e mere
as d1rrency. BUTke counly 1877 sgss
caNed 10 ten Why he could not 9aN
4. he him tl1es@oo5yheaded
@Canr Won pay It any:hoN Sea
the doctor
q Nav, SIR. ~ ~
Suppose Won leave The boz - u1eEs
rily sugEes4ed she Doctor
s.Da debt n set The ne
zro. he placed the :clze5ls
nesr the Physsc1zns des1E an[iss isees
zone HeShas 81. cen sen
negro SOMA p sGa9Ee
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
lis Shown by Federal Bureau d
Education TO a Modern
Idea and Practice.

WASHINGTON. D. G, May 2e-
The school garden idea is not a FAD
declares DR. C. ID. Jarvis. Of the
Hunted States Bureau OF Educauon-
EsIt S an outward expression of an
Unborn belief on the part of hundreds
l;of teachers and educators through
out this and other lands that children
need some kind OF active experience
to vitai.ze thetr school studies Us
also an expression on the part OF
thousands OF parents OF the belief
that IN order to acquire HABITS OF IN
dnstry and to appreciate the dignity
of labor, boys and girls at an early
age should be encouraged to engage
IN some kind OF wholesome employ
ment Furthermore, the various wei
fare associations, the luteruadonal
Child Welfare League in particular.
are. embracing the. garden movement
with the belief that through It thous-
ands OF boys and girls may be saved
from the evils attending confinement
in the shops.sthe mills and the mines
Reason for Former Failures.
Elm general, varying degree OF
success has followed the efforts OF
individual teachers and OF the various
organizations Too often, however.
extensive garden projects have been
undertaken without carefully pre-
arranged program, without any pro-
vision for insuucting and supervision.
and without sufficient funds to.properly
administer the enterprise. On &C
count OF these and other causes, there
have been some failures. These tail
ures, however, have served TO make
us more cautious and have helped us
to formulate plans forSthe future De
velopment OF the work
the school 0fdCda1S gen
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
R. 7. LoWndes Depar Store

The potatoes weresog apseyen size All
the vegetables that went into the
basket seemed 10 be better and 6resher
Fthan those which had been coming 70
my home: noticed that Scott
paid very close attention to the qual7
;ry on each stand.
Phoned for Her Supplies.
I'VE had not purchased any OF the
meats at the GENITAL mari earlier
in the day simply priced 1ings. We
Went to the butcher stants nd on the
way adrs- Scott asked sn1esS
How many tines 2 ssseassso JOE
here? :S
supplies and that Il alNays dealt At
one store, everything being Delivered
Mrs. Scott made no reply
IN inspecting the. meats she visited
several butchers. She told me to- ask
for rhe things 7 was IN che habit of
getting No i store did not have any
OF the pieces we had seem but Of
fered something else at twenty-f four
cents a pound At NO. @ store we
found the bees twelve cents No.
3 store also had the same beet at the
same price;
What waSmore importanE at this
place found the7meafs-sWere from
two to SIX cents a pound CHEAPER than
u had been paying ayregulaE dealer
This was within I'VE blocks Of my
own home. and never knew II; orr
rather, had never taken the troublas
to find out
Il asked MRS. Scott why the mar
keting had purchased on his tip
showed such considerable SAVING
and she replied:
80. IT is because yon DO not watch:
the markets, because. Instead OF get
ting exercise, you use the 1elephons;s
because you do not want TO cary
market basket You purchased the
finest OF strawberries atsten CENTS q
box because you used Your eye1 and
took the trouble to hunt for them-s
Had you phoned for them on might
have received lover grade fruit at q
higher price. Would any nerchantstn
this age of competition think o. Or
Ederins bsn OF goods over he tee
phonee
- You should show as Smuch enc
iency IN your sbuying al Jour husband
does In his. You should 1mow where
the best goods can he Round for t1es
least money You should know
cheaper cut OF so. n beef twelve
cents 4 pound Is Just as nutrittouss as;
4 hncr cut OF 40 beef at
fouT cents.
nave leaned my lesson atesr
many years as a horsekeepe-
Scott has shown me how my honse-s
hold money can go farther than dt dad
IN the days when the price OF 1904;
was cheaper
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30
Mrs. Scott Shows Money
Lost by TeIepEl oring Or
ders to the Market.

The other daysa housekeepeT
OF fifteen years or more expert
ence wen. marketing with Mrs
Anna B. Scott, the Fhd1adeiphta
North American food economist
: and cooking expert The house
holder was receiving the. same
amount OF money for househofd
expenses as when she was mar
:. ried In the meanwhile the tastes
of her husband had altered
Where, In the old days, he was
satisfied with stewed dried fruits
for breakfast. he now insisted on
grapefruit A larger variety IN
the meals also Drought JOY to his
heart.
Naturally, with no increase in
her appropriation for the table
4I1e wife was running beh1ad-
That was why she sought MIS-
Scott and why the markets were
visited This IS her story OF Tsnat
happened, !
II moved to another neighborhood
a few years ago, and knew the prices
there were higher than IN the com
nunity where we lived when wesWe1e
married. That told to Mrs.scoft-
Her suggestion was that We VS. ssey..
era1 markets; one IN the central ParI
OF the city one in the western 70. Part :
and one IN the far nothern part
I've went to tne central market
first and passed UP and down the
aisIes looking at the tempting dis
nlays OF fish, meat. poultry yese-
tahies and fruits The dealers were
courteous and attentive. Mrs. scott
oointed ont some pieces of meat
winch had been cut from the best
roasts. Those pieces weighed rom
one and one-half to four pounds ana
YOU viii remember that they, were
choice MOL beef S,zs.s..5.s-,
. Sow: are these ends? INQUIRED
Mrs. Scott.
Twelve cents pound ~
4 Question Of Demand.
..This AGAINST the sixteen cents N
NV own neighborhood. i asked MIS-:
scott about tt and she explained enat
there Is less demand for these cuts a
tl9is market The same thing was OBJ
served with certain cuts OF lamp ana
was Beginning to realize that
marketing was keeping ones eses
open. $500.
a rule. the meat prsces were q s IT1sne
less. there were yaTla1 IONS IN PEGS
Al different stores. By inspecting me
stocks carefully, Irs- scout vas was s1ole
to save four cents on a bunch OF as.
Mems and the one she purchased
was finer and fresher in every re-
spect $3.50.
cents a. quarter peck. Ms Scott took
the trouble to inquire the reason Tor
ff55,is vide VARIATION The fifteen cent
onions were Bermudas. the others
were Texas onions. They aaadzz7osten
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-30

How many children IN Clarks
burx, Breakfast Barley 5ust Iae
s1d brain sdeySEo prient Aslyo our
Hocer-AdTertIsespfis1
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1915-01-15
"The Law of Financial Success
Bacteria in Coal.

Mr.. C. Potter has recently shown
before the Royal society in London
that in certain conditions of exposure
to the air charcoal, coal, peat and 9TH
er amorphous forms of carbon under
go a slow process of oxidation pro
duced by bacteria. 1t is suggested that
this fact may account for the deteri-
Grafton of stored coal, its gradual loss
CT weight, and it's occasional sponta-
neous heating in ships bunkers. If the
bacteria are not the sole cause of these
things they may induce them, chemical
oxidation accompanying and continu-
ing that begun by the organic agents.
The carbonization of vegetable Goals,
says a French writer, is due to the in
tervention of microbes at the begin
ming of their fossilization. When the
coal reaches the air again, other bac-
teria take up the work of fermentation
that was interrupted millions of years
ago.-Youth's Companion.