davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08

man who knows not only how TO do.
hut also what Ito do, and why he does
il.
/ think il is important that we un-
derstand more of the science which
underlie the practice Of agriculture
so we may know in advance that
when the practical work is done the
soil will be richer and better rather
than poorer, and less productive be
cause Of our impractical farming. Too
frequently we hear farmers say That
il is all very we'll for SO and so, he
has plenty of money. he can do these
things. Quite true indeed. the MN
eral elements now limiting crop yields
much be purchased commerclaIiy'
which means, outlay of money Inc
chief trouble. however. is that where
as farmers have done too little THINK
ing about our own real problems.
While il is true that the subject is
somewhat complicated, yet ii Involves
no more difficulty problems than have
been solved in many other lines OF
activities.
The key to the problem of success
full permanent agriculture is the CIR
culation of plant food, and II IS the
chief duty of the farmer TO make TINS
plant food element circulate.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08
US. Chamber of Commerce is
Reassuring on General Crop
and Business Conditions

WASHINGTON, Jan. S>-The COM
mittee on statistics and standards Of
the chamber Of commerce of the
United States Of America has just is
sued a report on General Crop and
Business Conditions. as OF Dec. l..
1914" The report IS accompanied by
a map giving graphic illustration Of
conditions in the various industries
and Of the prospects for business dur
Ing the first three months Of 1915.
Commercial.
" lille acknowledging the wide
spread and depressing effects of the
European war on industrial and COM
mercial conditions, the report is gen.
orally reassuring. Economy naturally
prevails among all classes, though re-
marks have been noted that this does
not extend to automobiles Purchases
Of goods for future delivery are far
smaller than usual Collections are
uniformly reported as poor. Lately. a
marked change has been noted in a
iessening Of the earlier difficulty OF
obtaining loans from banks and in an
easing of interest rates. 1t is stated
that conditions in the south. while
slowly improving. still present a seri-
Gus problem. Elsewhere the feeling
gathers strength that a steadily i'm
proving future is Immediately ahead.
Crop Yields Large.
crops IN general have been good.
The entire wheat crop shows an in
crease of II IL per cent over that OF
last year. and in some southern points
the increase is over 100 per cent The
report states that all indications are
that the amount of wheat being held
for higher prices is much less than is
generally supposed. 1t is especially
worthy Of note that some sections are
planting winter wheat for the first
time IN their history and il is predict
ed that If the war continues until
spring. the acreage planted in grains
viii exceed that of all former wears.
The sugar cane crop promises TO be a
good one and 10 command remunera-
tive prices. The report points out
that while we ordinarily get most of
our supply from Germany. there
seems To be no difficulty in obtaining
the necessary seed and a larger acre
age of sugar beets is expected next
spring than in 1914.
The fruit yield was usually large.
but large portion is being held in
many localities as prices have been
low and in the main unsatisfactory.
Apples in particular have been stored
until prices are more favorable. This
condition applies also to the potato
crop.
Cattle Business Handicapped.
The cattle business is confronted by
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08
BETTER DISTRIBUTION OF
HIGH GRADE SEEDS WILL
BE PROVIDED BY PURDUE

1t has no. been very long since
most farmers thought it necessary to
send outside of the state to get what
they called a better strain of seed.
often they bought worse than they
originally had, for it frequently came
from a different latitude and a differ
ent soil. They therefore had either a
low yield or else they possibly had a
large yield, quite poor in quality.
The best kind of seed for a given
locality is that which is highly pro-
ductive and which requires the entire
growing season and no more TO ma
ture. Seed too early or too late for a
given section means either small re-
turns for labor expended or consider
able loss from damage TO the crop
after harvesting.
Many farmers now see the impor-
lance of seed improvement by selec-
ton, special breeding plots, md grad
ing. They now regard seed improve
ment Of as much value as the selec-
ton of breeding animals SO we have
in this state at present a good many
men who have improved strains of
corn. oats. wheat, clovers. and timo-
thy and other seeds that are better
adapted to the sections in which they
are grown than those from any other
state.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08

Some states have cooperative pro
ducing and distributing organizations
patterned after those Of Sweden and
Canada, but Indiana has not up to the
present time undertaken anything of
this sort.
The experiment station and extern
sion department have always taken
an active part in encouraging more
care in seed selection and are always
ready to put the man who needs bet
ter and purer strains of seed in touch
with those who have made it a bust
ness to produce such strains so far
as they can get information as to
where the seeds may be had. Each
spring and fall the soils and crops
department has a large number of in
quirieS for pure. germinable seed,
adapted TO the conditions Of this state.
with this knowledge at it's command,
the soils and crops department is
asking in this leaflet. that all farmers
who have distinct strains of any kinds
Of seed, pure. clean and germinable
that have done we'll for them. 10 list
the same with this department to-
gether with the quantity and the
prices of these seeds. Two ounce sam
pies Of the strains offered for sale
should be sent TO the department
These samples will be examined for
termination and for purity. The re-
suits will be used in making recon-
mendations to the prospective buy
ers
Those interested in this matter
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08

The fuel value Of two pounds OF
wood is roughly equivalent TO that Oh
one pound OF coal This Is gwen as
the result of certain calculations now
being made in the forest service labo-
ratory. witch show also about now
many cords of certain kinds OF WOOD
are required to obtain an amount OF
heat equal to that in a ton of coal
Certain kinds of wood, such as
hickory. oak. beech, birch, hard
maple. ash, elm, locust, longleaf pine
and cherry, have fairly high heat
values. and only one cord OF season
ed wood of these species is required
TO equal one ton of good coal.
1t takes a cord and a half OF
shortleaf pine. hemlock, red gum
Douglas fir, sycamore and soft
maple to equal ton of coal, and two
cords of cedar, redwood. poplar
catalpa, Norway pine, cypress, bass
wood. spruce and white pine.
Equal weights of dry. non-resin-
Gus woods, however, are said 10 nave
practically the same heat value re-
gardless of species, and as conse--
uuence it can be stated as general
proposition that the heavier the wood
the more heat to the cord. weight
for weight. however, there IS very lit
tie difference between various species;
the average heat for all that have
been calculated is $500 calories. or
heat units. per kilogram. A kilogram
of resin will develop 9,400 heat units,
or about twice the average for wood.
AS a consequence, reSlnouS WOODS
have a greater heat value per pound
than non-resinous woods, and this in
creased value varies, Of course, with
the resin content.
The available heat value of a cord
of wood depends on many different
factors. 1t has relation not only TO
the amount of resin ii contains but to
the amount of moisture present.
Furthermore. cords vary as to the
amount of solid wood they contain,
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08
Wood and Coal as Fuel

even when they are of the standard
dimension and occupy 12S cubic feet
of space. y certain proportion of this
space is made up of air spaces be-
tween the sticks and this air space
may be considerable in a cord made
OF twisted crooked and knotty
sticks. out Of the 12S cubic feet, 4
fair average OF solid wood is about so
cubic feet.
1t is pointed out. however, that
heat value is not the only test OF USED
fulness in fuel wood and since 90 per
cent OF all wood used for fuel is con-
sumed for domestic purposes, largely
in farm houses, such factors as rapid
ity of burning and ease Of lighting
are important Each section of the
country has its favored woods and
these are Said to be, in general. the
right ones 10 use. Hickory, of the
nOn-resinous woods, has the highest
fuel value per unit volume of wood,
and has other advantages 1t burns
evenly and, as housewives say, holds
the heat The oaks come next, fol-
lowed by beech, birch and maple
Pine has a relatively low heat value
per unit volume but has other ad-
vantages. 1t ignites readily and gives
out a quick, hot flame, but one that
soon dies down. This makes it a
. favOrite with rural hOuSekeepers as a
summer wood, because it is particu-
larly adapted for hot days in the
kitchen.
The fuel qualities of chestnut adapt
it particularly TO work in brass
foundries. where it gives just the re-
quired amount Of heat and it is there
fore in favor. aCOastwise vessels in
| Florida pay twice as much for
Florida buttOnWOod as for any 9TH
er, because it burns with an even
| heat and with a minimum amount of
smoke and ash.
The principal disadvantage Of the
resinous pines is their oily black
smoke.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08
Soil Fertility in Connection
With Production of Crops

to the effect that these soils are de-
fcient in one or either or several in
grediences out of which crops are
made, and while it is true in a gen.
eral sense that normal soils greatly
differ in their composition and tex
ture, it is equally true and has been
proven by scientific investigation and
by actual experiment that nitrogen
phosphorus and calcium are the ele-
ments now limiting crops yield on
all, particularly, unprOductive normal
soils. The remedy as regards in
creased crop production, we already
have as practical experiment given
evident to this fact: nitrogen is the
one great limiting factor in crop pro-
ductiOn with its organic content, and
no great amount of organic matter
can be supplied at any one time. The
only economic system by which nj
trOgen may be applied to the soil is by
the growing legume crops, no method
of soil stimulation or plant food lib
Grafton can maintain permanent fer
tility unless a supply of the elements
of plant food is maintained. The dis
covery that nitrogen can be acquired
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES

from the air through the sympathetic
relationship OF certain nitrogen fix
ing bacteria which live or live in
tuburcles on the roots Of legume
crops. was probably the most import
ant application OF science 10 agricul-
ture that has ever been made. Men
who live on farms are generally re-
garded as being practical farmers,
that is, they know how 10 do the or
binary farm work. including such OPP
erations as blowing, planting. cultivat-
ing and harvesting. But it seems TO
me that this sort OF practical farm
ing has resulted in practical ruin, for
most Of these eastern and middle
western lands; the facts are there is
a side TO agriculture that We. as farm
ers. know very little about, as a So
called practical farmer, and / am now
convinced that what we commonly
call practical farming is the most i'm
practical farming.
The truly practical farmer is the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08

serious handicap in the fact that
there is great difficulty in obtaining
loans on cattle. The industry is fur
Their unfaVorably affected in the CEN
trail west. owing 10 the quarantine re-
sulting from the foot and mouth dis
ease. In this section hog cholera is
also prevalent. though not 50 destruc-
tive as last year. The sheep and wool
industry is reported as in excellent
shape. Large purchases Of horses at
good prices have been made by Euro
pean governments but the market for
mules continues slow and dragging
The report states that the raising of
poultry as a commercial proposition is
assuming large proportions in all sec
tiOns.
Factories Picking Up.
There is encoura cement in the
statement that many factories which
have been Idle are preparing TO start
up and that more men are being taken
on by factories which have been run
ming with decreased force. The re-
port states that the flour mills have
been fortunate in being affected only
slightly by the general depression
Some cotton and textile mills are also
favored TO a lesser extent in this con-
nection, although cotton mills while
fairly busy are said to be accumulat-
ing goods.
Depression i'm Mining.
General mining conditions are stated
as generally poor. This is especially
true Of the phosphate mines of Flor
ida which formerly shipped most of
their product 10 Europe. Many mines
are closed down and the remainder
running from one-quarter to One-half
time An exception 10 this general de-
preston. according to the report, is
zinc which is quoted as being i'm ex-
cellent condition. Lead is also report
ed as being in better condition than is
true of the other lines. The oil bust
ness is stated as varying from poor to
fair because of low prices and the
falling off in demand.
The lack Of building has caused
many lumber mills to close down and
others to run only two to four days
a week, and has likewise closed many
of the stone, slate and marble quar-
ries. However, these conditions are
now beginning TO mend and orders
are showing some increase.
The committee on statistics and
standards of the national chamber
which prepared the report, is COM
posed Of the following A. w. Doug
las, chairman, st. Louis; A, Ross Hill,
Colombia, Mo; Byron w. Holt, New
York City; c.. ]. Mcpherson, Frank
fort, Ind; Dan Norman, Chicago;
Lewis w. Parker, Greeville, S. c., and
y. I. Stone, New York City.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08
OPEN N0STRILS! END
A COLD OR CATARRH
How To Get Relief When Head
and Nose are Stuffed Up.

Count fifty Your cold in head or
catarrh disappears. Your clogged nos
trils will open, the air passages of
your head will clear and you can
breathe freely No more snuffling,
hawking, mucous discharge, dryneSs
or headache; no struggling for
breath at night
Get a small bottle of Ely's Cream
Balm from your druggist and apply a
little of this fragrant antiseptic
cream in your nostrils. 1t penetrates
through every air passage of the head,
soothing and healing the swollen or
inflamed mucous mem brance, giving
you instant relief. Head colds and
catarrh yield like magic. Don't stay
stuffed-up and miserable. Relief is
sure.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08

The truly practical farmer is the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08
SOIL FERTILITY IN CONNECTION
WITH THE PRODUCTION OF
CROPS

The subject of soi fertility in con-
nection with the production of crops,
is the subject for discussion.
Now what is meant by soil fertility
IN connection with crop production?
What is the real meaning of the word
soil? Literally speaking the word
soil has a variety of meanings. but
IN the sense in which we are using
the term, it means that part of the
earth which supports and nOurishes
the growing plant What is il that
the earth contains which seems to be
50 essentially important to the grow
ing and making OF agricultural crops
The soil contains, or should contain
seven different materials or in
grediences, a m e j y - phosphorus
potassium, calcium magnesium, iron
sulphur and aluminium. All these ele-
mentS are mineral materials. insolu BILE
and unavailable for use OF plants in
their natural or original state. Now
IN addition 60 the mineral elements
contained in the soil for the produc-
ton OF crops. there are other ele-
ments OF equal Importance 10 the
growing plant and which are taken
from the air; they are carbon, OXYGEN,
nitrogen and hydrogen.
All these materials or ingrediences
with light, heat and moisture go to
make up the life principles of plant
growths and maturity of all agricul-
tural crops But why lose valuable
time discussing the life principles OF
plant growth. since farmers generally
are OF the peSSlmiStiC belief at least
apparently SO. that there is nothing
10 this sort of bungoism, an erratfc
lmag nauon of the mind on the part
OF college students and others. These
men remind one OF the story told Of
her parents were. she said she had
no parents, she never had parents,
she simply grew that's ALL The seed
is planted or SOwn in the soil and Il
grows that's about all there is 10 IT..
Certainly farmers agree that stable
or barn yard manure and clover are
materials which benefit soils by way
OF increased crop production. but how
or IN what way these materials are
beneficial TO soils2 To the mind OF
the skepuc. Is OF no concern. Now
these expressions for the most part
are child-like in substance. When a
boy becomes a man he should put
aside the ways of the boy. and take
on the ways OF a man. Now tho
science OF agriculture is based on
chemistry and mathematics. and the
composition OF the soil plants and
animals is determined by the use of
chemistry and mathematics.
To say that old soils are less pro
ductiVe than new soils h. simply
speaking the truth. but why is this
true2 As "a very general rule We
have the same sunlight heat and
moisture. the same soil and cultlva-
ton but the facts are that by con-
tinued cropping lands which once pro-
duced 40 bushels Of wheat viii no
longer produce eight bushels OF wheat:
al aI most
excellent crops OF clover. viii not
produce clover AT an.
Vow. gentlemen. an facts and prin-
ciples are simple and easy when once
rightly understood. The point which
j want Go emphasize is this. that by
the use of scientific methods and
principle facts have been disclosed
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08

The following paper was read
before the ST. Joseph County
Farm bureau at a recent meet
ing 10y Brother Leo, ssuperintend-
ent of the farms at NOtre Dame
NersIlN-Editnr. nnIn
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08

should address the soils and crops de-
partment, Agricultural Experiment
Station, Lafayette, Indiana.
G. O. CROMER.
Associate in Crops.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08

The Union Trust COmpany's Christ
mas savings Club is now open. Come
in and let us tell you all about it
Advt.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-08
THE LIVER REGULATES THE
BODY A SLUGGISH LIVER
NEEDS CARE.

Someone has said that people with
Chronic Liver Complaint should be
shut up away from humanity, for they
are pessimists and see through q
glass darkly." Why? Because men,
tai states depend upon physical states.
Biliousness, Headaches, Dizziness and
Constipation disappear after using DR..
Kings New Life Pills. 25c. at your
Druggist. Advt.
The Union Trust Company's Christ
mas Savings Club is now open. Come
in and let us tell you all about it
Advt.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-09-23
PRoMoNToRY.CURLEw LAM

PROMONTORY-CURLEw LAND
COMPANY, Logan, Utah. Entire hold.
ings in northern Box Elder County,
Utah. and southern Idaho, offered at
present prices until December 81,
1915. After that date prices on all
most desirable lands will be raised.
No prices will be lowered. One hun.
dred thousand acres OF choice wheat
lands at prices that defy competition
Soil rich, sandy and clay loan. Rain
fall plentiful and water for culinary
purposes easily secured. Twenty
thousand acres surrounding Snow.
Vile, a town Of Ave hundred people.
with good schools, church. stores and
modern water system. Since Novem.
Der, 1909, We have sold over one
hundred thousand acres to satisfied
customers, who are now reaping a
bounteous harvest. No agents. Pur.
chasers get the commissions. Write
the company now. Present prices
good to December 81, only. Joseph
Howell. president; Herschel Rullen,
secretary. II
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-09-23

New manager of the Royal Shoe Re-
pairing Company.
The Royal Shoe Repairing Company
announce that John Schweberger has
sold his interest in the company to
ID. Ray Shurtliff Mr.. Schweberger
retires from the Royal to go into bus
mess for himself in wholesale leath-
er and shoe findings, for which his
long experience in the repairing trade
peculiarly qualities him, under the
name of Western Leather and Find
ings Co.
Joseph Weidner, who has been vice
president, mas been elected president
of the Royal in the reorganization
Mr., Weidner has been associated
with Mr.. Schweberger since the
starting of the Royal seven years ago.
ID. Ray Shurtliff, who has bought
Mr.. Schweberger's interest, is the
new manager. Mr.. Shurtliff mas
been secretary and treasurer of the
company for years, but will now de-
vote all of his time to the manage
ment OF the company.
The Royal Shoe Repairing Company
now owns and operates seven shops
located as follows: Three shops II
Salt Lake City; two shops In Ogden
one in Logan and one in Bingham
Canyon ADV. T.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-09-23
harrington -.

Burlington.
Heals who drove the physicians car
the night of the murder was arrest
ed on charge Of murder on Septem-
Der 2. Cecil Victor Brown, formerly
employed as hostler by DR.. Mohr,
and Henry Spellman a half brother
of Brown, also were arrested at the
same time. All three are negroes.
Mrs. Mohr whose arrest followed an
alleged confession by the negroes has
been at liberty under bonds of &c.,
coo.
On the day the arrests were made
the police declared that the negroes
confessed they killed DR.. Mohr at
the instigation of Mrs. Mohr, whom
they are alleged to have said offered
them $4,000 to put her husband out
of the way. A few days later the
negroes denied that they had made
any confession.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-09-23
. ed within three or four days and pos
, sibly, within forty-eight hours.

Nu INV vi iSui uuyo anu pOo-
sibly, within forty-eight hours.
Persistent reports were current dur
ing the day that the entire matter
would be settled tomorrow and that
formal announcement might be
expected within twenty-four hours
This was said to be a bit premature
but theret was unanimous conhrma-
ton of Tile report that both parties
to the proceedings were very nearly
together in their plans
More progress was said to have
been made today than on any other
two preceding days. A rough inven.
tory Of what was accomplished, it
was said, would read about as fol-
Members of New York's so called
pro-German banking houses will help
float the loan
Munitions of war no longer enter
into the topics discussed. While 1t
cannot be guaranteed that they will
be excluded from the loans opera
ton, 1t Is the present tentative plan
to continue paying for them by ship
ments of gold and American securi.
ties from London and Paris to New
York.
The size Of the loan has been defin.
itely agreed to, subject of course to
/ eleventh hour revision. It will be
less than $SOO,OOO,OO probably $780,
100000 or Whereabouts.
The notes issued for the loan will
run five years.
These notes will carry a CONVEX.
sion privilege emitting the holders to
surrender them at maturity, II desir.
ed, for joint Anglo French govern.
ment bonds bearing 1-2 per cent in
terest and covering a period of prob
ably twenty years. redeemable, how
ever, at the option Of Great Britain
and France before maturity and at
the conclusion of term not as yet
disclosed.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-09-23
WILL TESTIFY AGAINST
WIFE OF SLAIN DOCTOR
chsuffsursto Be Witness for State at
Trial Of Mrs. Elizabeth
Mt. D. Mshr

Providence, n. l., Sept. 21.-G.
w. Heals, chauffeur for DR.. C.
Franklin Mohr, who was murdered on
the night of August 81, will be a wit.
ness for the state against Mrs. Eliz-
abeth Tiffany Blair Mohr accused Of
melting the death OF her husband, ac-
cording to statement made today bv
Chief of Police Thomas F. Robins OF