The farmer and mechanic., 1915-11-02

90 inVVo'ooo pdgS, and of this 15.OO0.-
80 nave come from Santos alone. In
dSlo the crop was more than II ooo
ooo 80 paSs, and its value was over
$500, 100000. N0i
VI the coffee crop OF Brazil more
man half is sold to the United States
ana that at q cos, of something nkt
S'o,ooo,oo0. We take in the neiehhor-
hooo or three-quarters Of q billion
pounds OF this coffee every year, ana
snouia we stop drinking it, the people
would nave panic and millions Of
them would be on the edge Of starya-
tioh' Our annual coffee imports are
over I,ooo,o00,0 900 pounds, or more
than nifty pounds for every one of our
families. In other words we use 2
pound OF coffee a week to every fam
lily IL the United States.
In another letter / shall describe
my visits to the coffee plantations
Some OF them have millions of trees
| ana they cover thousands of acres
Ioday shall deal only with the coffee
as it reaches the ports. The coffee
| from most Of the estates come here in
! beans of different sizes and shapes.
Some are good and some bad, but they
are all mixed together. Before they
can be exported they have to go
through SeparatOTs and graders
There are a number OF such institu-
tons in Santos, al two of the larrcE{
are owned by an American, Mr.. Law
renee. It was with the owner that
went through them. The mills are
much like a great Touring mill The
coffee is carried to the top of the
building, and it falls by gravity
through the various machines. Th>
mill IS run by electricity, and the ma
chinery is such that the dirt is takel
out and the beans graded accordin:
to their size and character. The grad
, ing is exact, and out of the same sacl
= will come Mocha and Java and almos
. every variety of coffee under the sun
Indeed, the most of the Mocha COffe
, we use has never seen Arabia. an
: almost every bit Of our Java coffee
grown in Brazil.
, Every shipment Of coffee has its ow
= treatment, and the value Of the shit
= ments depends largely on where tn
Il coffee is raised. Some Of the region
. are as different from the others as til
l. Vuelto Abajo, which produces the fir
: est Havana tobacco, is different frOl
a the land that produces the stOgy. NJ
y , only the SOIL but the climate and ell
N walton have to do with the prOduc
e each district producing beans of
o flavor which is OF It's own kind ar
- quality.
n The difference in coffee makes
S preparation for the markets an ir
i, portant element of the industr
le ! Every exporter has his own methO
x Of samplins the coffee and gradii
~ and preparing it FOR shipment abroa
IS During my stay here I have visitt
Of some Of the great houses that SCI
~ coffee to the United States, The ca
m taken is wonderful. Every shipmer
I'd whether it be Of q thousand bags
fifty thousand. is sampled and teste
w The coffee is graded according to qua
Sc ity and this is tested by sight, feei al
m taste. Coffee-tasting is a protest.
s. and there are men here in Santos w
IN do nothing else. Every shipment
at carefully sampled and the sample
ay roasted and tasted. The result Civ
ne the grade and this is sent with t
el shipment to the United States. forl
to ing the basis Of the price of the coff
gs and as to how it shall he sold.
re Tt was with the manager of the 4
X buckle Comnany that ! VT throu
nS their samnling rooms. IhesH We
r. vailed with shelves containing t
ce coffee recently tested. som" OF
samples were brought down and tn
Quality pointed ont. Some OF TIE h
to coffee was labeled Mocha. This &C
re sisted Of beans rs big as Taa. and
so much the sano shape. Tfe bea
.es we're Of 2 light color and tn" ma ne 3
of tod mo that the coffee was th~"e y"f
,d, old He says that the coffee hea
SIS crow hetter with age ard that
he coffee has finer flavor after 1t IS Sc
lg. rat years Old
IRE Passive, on we came into the t9st'
cir room. One side OF this was hHed =
nj -, alec+riG "tnvn v-"'c'' '''' - .
nd small ovens heated by gas jets. ~
oh OF ti,eea ovens raS 'HSt '2r.r
m "a cout24r one Cr two ea'1~feS Of G
= 10 FOO Then the orao,a ho@ro V-~ro ut