davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-09-12

rises to the great days of Nantucket,
when the whaling industry made the is
land known the world around. 1t then
moves gradually onward through the
decline Of the place to it's present In
dustrial obscurity, which is in a meas
ure Offset by its charm for the artist
and the summer tourist in search of
quaint and interesting corners of re-
treat. There are pictures here of "emi-
nent Nantucketers" and sketches of the
island villagers with much of interest
ing detail of many other features of
the place A good map accompanies
the text and illustrations give one a
fair idea of some of the curious old
dwellings, and hamlets. The book is a
valuable record of events and customs.
1t is also volume of entertaining
reading about a locality that has hith-
erto had no large place in general pub
locations.
SALLY ON THE ROCKS. BY Winifred
Daventry." New York: Brentano's.
rocks Sally was left high and dry be-
yond the wherewithal of living. Had
she been a girl of completely modern
stripe Sally would have gone to work.
But, being really of an earlier order
despite her up-to-date appearance. Sally
went a misunderstanding instead. Re-
tiring to the quiet of her uncle's
vicarage in Little Champion. Sally laid
open siege to the bank account of Mr..
Alfred Bingley, substantial man of Lit
tie Champion. Possessed of sense of
humor and incased in a crust of cynic-
ism, Sally, with much secret laughter
and heart as hard as bullet, went
out after the consequential Bingley.
And the goinss-on of Sally stirred Lit
tie Champion to its foundations. The
gossips fluttered and cawed from door
to door, just as they do everywhere
when the Sallies go a-hunting. What
Evening star., 1915-09-12
Getting Rid of Tollgates.

| From the Ph1iauelpnlH fsuiietin-
In the published list of eleven turn
mixes for the purchase of which the
state highway department has begun
negotiations, it is disappointing not to
find more of those that are adjacent to
Philadelphia. But it is to be borne in
mind that the legislature only appro-
priated a quarter of a million dollars
for this purpose and these toll roads
exist in many other sections of the
state. which have equal call upon the
fund The principal point is that the
department has gone about this duty
for the first time in business-like fash
ion, means to make prompt use of the
money and afford as much relief to as
many districts as possible.
Nevertheless. since 1t has been made
a rule that the counties desiring to
abolish toll roads must be willing to
meet the state half way and share the
cost, relief depends to some extent upon
the progressiveness displayed by the
different communities themselves in
pressing their claims upon the depart
ment. The community which is con-
tented to drag along with privately
controlled pixies in these days of au-
tomobile transportation, when the pub
lie highway is playing probably more
important part than any time since
steam railroads put stage coaches in
the discard, is going to be left behind
in the procession. The first step in get
ting rid of the obnoxious "hold-up"
gates is to arouse county sentiment to
the fact that a tollgate Is not only
nuisance to the motorist or other trav-
eler on the highway. but that 1t is a
definite handicap to local growth which
works against the public interest for
the enrichment of the stockholders of
the turnpike corporation.
Evening star., 1915-09-12
Walk, Walk, Walk.
From the Philadelphia Press

From the Philadelphia Press
There is a lot of common sense ex-
pressed In a bulletin issued by the
United States public health service at
washington. In fact, there is a good
zeal said now by the health officials OF
states and cities which ought to make
of US stronger and harder race, but
undoubtedly much of the advice falls
upon deaf ears. The latest warning from
Washington is that the death rate Of
persons VINO have passed the age of
forty years is increasing in spite of more
sanitary modes Of living and greater
protection which is afforded against
communicable diseases. The increased
death rate is attributed to diseases of de-
generation. which are largely caused by
a lack of exercise.
Walk. walk. walk is the advice
which is given and repeated by the
federal health officials. Have a hobby
which takes you into the open, recon-
mend the doctors. For young, men row.
ing is one of the best of athletic exer-
cises and for the older men golf serves
an excellent purpose. But the bulletin is
not altogether Of the positive. kind 1t
has its don'ts. and one of them says
Don't try to be a strong man" Over
training has its faults as well as lack of
exercise and many an athlete dies young
Gymnastic work which .overdevelops the
muscles is not encouraged, but exercise
Of a more normal kind in the open is
strongly recommended. Surely It is
worth trying.
Evening star., 1915-09-12

N ANITA CLAUS is coming down the
~ chimney next Christmas with
"A dolls and toys made in Ger
W many" just as usual. notwith-
standing the war. They were bought at
the Easter fair in the city of Leipzig,
Germany, as they always are, by the
big American importers who make it
possible for Christmas in the United
States to come close to the kind of
celebration arranged for Hans and
Gretchen. Even the miniature Christ
mas trees and the glittering baubles
bought for decoration are secured at
this fair.
There is another fair, beginning the
last Sunday in August, when hundred
lother articles which Americans and nu-
merous other peoples consider a part of
their household and the general scheme
of things are purchased by the whole
sale dealers who visit this fair from
all over the world.
The Leipzig Messe. local name for this
semi-annual fair, is really sample ex-
hibition of the varied manufactures of
the Teutonic empire. 1t is an institu-
tion 500 years old. an evolution of fairs
and markets, and during all that time
not until this year has there been even
thought of giving it UP during sin
| gle season. This spring, on account of
! the war, failure seemed possible and
+; there was conference Of exhibitors,
committees of the Leipzig Chamber of
Commerce and various officials. The
surprising degree of success with which
the exposition met, and that which 1t
| expects now to meet in the early fall
! fair, is a matter of wonder.
The struggle which is threatening the
empires existence and draining ITS IN
dustries of men until 1t seems there can
be no more, seems to have had little
effect on the producing powers of Ger
many's manufactures.
The word unique" may be applied TO
this fair properly enough to suit the
else like it in the world. AS one dis
, covers the descriptive. commercial,
historical and even picturesque fea-
lures attached, it is hard to know
which would attract the casual OBJ
server most though the heavy pur-
chases made by America. in this old
world fair which was f1ourishing before
America was even discovered makes
general sketching not uninteresting.
Leipzig is called the most representa-
tive city of the German empire. That
it had a Slavic origin, about 100. has
no importance now, when 1t is called
the Little Paris of Europe" is seat of
the supreme tribunal of the govern
ment and is second to Berlin and Ham,
burg only in matters of business. The
village, as it started, was a sort of
crossroads for the old trade routes be-
tween Poland and Thuringia and be-
tween Bohemia and North Germany.
The history of the development of the
Leipzig fair from a merchandise market
into an exhibition of samples is woven
closely into the slow transformation of
the commercial life of central Europe.
1t was from the Margrave of Meissen
that the monopoly of fairs was obtain
ed, and this was extended few years
later, in 1497, by Emperor Macmillan.
In fact. one of the firmest bases of the
sturdy hold this institution has had,
perhaps. comes from the fact that Max
imilian confirmed the privileges of the
town by prohibiting markets from be-
Evening star., 1915-09-12

81 7ANY men have devoted them
NM|| selves to efforts aimed at the
SVS correction of the imperfections of
the calendar. But despite these nu-
merous efforts the calendar remains I'M
perfect, and it has been written in
history that some of the attempts at
revision have been especially unhappy.
1t is difficult to change the calendar.
To do this the agreement of so many
people is required and II is known that
many of our fellow men are SO con
seryative or at least SO set in their
ways and their habits of thought
that they would rather stick to an old
error than change to a. new truth.
julius Caesar reformed the calendar
that had been previously reformed py
Meton and Euctemon, Greeks OF old.
Though julius signed his name to the
calendar. the work really was that OF
two subordinates. Il Greek astronomer
by name Sosisenes and one marcus
Fabius The man in authority got
the credit and the chaps who dld the
work got none.
But julius Caesars calendar did not
work out so we'll as it's hopeful au-
thors thought 1t would. Its perform
ance was not up to its promise, and
happenings of this kind have been OBJ
served in other things than calendars
The Julian calendar went on making
mistakes and going wrong at the rate
or SO many minutes sheh yeai 'Ha.
when something more than fifteen hun
dred years had passed away the cal
endar was ten days out of touch with
the suns crossing of the equator and
| would have continued losing that num-
| Der until the end of all time had not
some one interfered. This happened
| TO be Pope Gregory XIII. and he issued
| a brief abolishing the Julian calendar
in all Catholic countries and intro
| ducing in its stead the one now in use
| in the United States and in all other
| countries excepting Russia.
| The Gregorian calendar. though sub
i stantial improvement on the Julian ar.
rangement. had an uphill road to accept
ance The date OF that calendar was 1882
But England and her American colonies
did not make the change until 1852
whence we see dates marked old style
or simply 20. S." and sometimes new
style or IN s." Sweden did not adopt
the reformed calendar until 1853. Protes-
Evening star., 1915-09-12

and the comprehension of this writer.
Adding to this Mrs. Trask's personal
charm of expression, one finds in the
little book much of practical sugges-
tion and much besides of spiritual sig
nificance.
NICKY-NAN, RESERvIST. BY Sir Ar
thur ouiller-Gouch, author OF
York: ID. Appleton & Co.
o. has made a quantity pleasant
story out of the mild everyday adven-
lures of -Nicky-Nan and his ultimate
belated response to the call of his
country for service in the European
war Despite the implication of its
title. this is not a war story 1t is in
stead, an artists half-humorous sketch
of the homely life of Cornwall fish
ing town. bathed in its coast atmos-
phere. and animated by the much ado
community everywhere. Nicky Nam
julian. our "Nicky-Nan," is the mid
dle-aged bachelor of the hamlet. He is.
besides. an English reservist. Nicky
is no soldier He has neither the body
for fighting. nor the training either.
But by some innocent ocus-pocus
Nicky has managed to hang on to the
pension roll in pleasant security for many
peaceful English years. Suddenly war Is
declared and men are ordered out. 1t
is then that Nicky-Nan comes up
against real troubles, troubles that
Quiller-Couch elaborates and multiplies
with many whimsical turn of inven-
ton. and many a laughable situation
for the distracted reservist. 1t is with
a touch of affection that one leaves
this hero, jolting along the coast road
bound for the hospital there to be
patched up maybe to soldiers meas
ure, so that, if heaven wills, Nicky-Nan
may eventually be of some service to
his country ION the heave of the sea"
The whole is whimsical. amusing pic
ture of this appealing reservist in the
Evening star., 1915-09-12
BOOKS RECEIVED.

THE KINDERGARTEN AND THE
MONTESSORI METHOD; An At
tempt at Synthesis. By Martha Mac
Lear A. NJ. assistant professor of
elementary education. director of
kindergarten education, Howard
University. Washington, D. c.. with
an introduction by G. Stanley Hall:
Boston: Richard G. Badger.
THE LOvABLE MEDDLER. By Leona
Dalrymple. author of Diane of the
Green Van" Illustrated by Grant
Tyson Reynard. Chicago: Reilly &
Rritton Company.
HISTORY OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK. BY J.
Hampden Dougherty, author of
Power of the Federal Judiciary
over Legislation" etc. Second edi-
ton. revised and enlarged by the
author. New York: The Neale Pub
fishing Company.
POLLY COMES TO wooDB1NE. By
George Ethelbert Walsh. Illus
trated by r. Liley Young. Boston:
Lothrop. Lee & Shepard Company.
CANADA; As n Field of Investment and
Enterprise. New York: A. H. Mar
tens K Co.
THE SCOUT LAW IN PRACTICE. BY
Arthur A. Carey Boston: Little,
Brown & Co.
HEROIC DEEDS OF AMERICAN
SAILORS. BY Albert F. Blaisdell
and Francis K. Ball. authors Of
Evening star., 1915-09-12

floor and rooms are rented for three
years or more, both spring and late
summer fairs being included in the
contract Many contracts cover a period
of from ten to twenty years. Abou,
S1.00 per square foot is an average
rental, and in line with Teutonic thor
oughneSs, this rental includes the ar
ransement OF every detail required for
the convenience OF the exhibitor
heating and illumination, insurance
porter service. trained packers, safety
vault space, advertising and storag ge
room between fair times.
Furs and feathers are about the only
goods now where every piece for sale
is displayed and sold outright and de-
livered after inspection. Everything
else has come to be sold by sample
and pattern.
The Leipzig Chamber of Commerce
has brought this about, along with
other improvements, no single item of
which has been too small for consid-
GRAFTON. This society is the Mess
Ausschuss, and it has even fixed the
price per day that shall be charged
for every room for rent in every hotel
and private house in the city. In the
very early days, when the whole town
| was a display of goods and great
amounts OF merCnanQ1Se chanRed nanGS
and were sent out of town in the same
day, exorbitant prices for lodgings
were charged and the streets were
filled with sleepers. men who refused
to be robbed for the use OF bed.
Wholesale trade was conducted
wherever the manufacturer could find
house room. Shopkeepers turned them
selves out of their premises taking
| themselves to the garret, and the hotel
keepers refused to sell any drink but
high-priced wines. In 1871 there were
$50 restaurants, and each one looked
forward to this semi-annual harvest as
an American farmer looks forward to
the August crop of wheat.
A saying arose in Leipzig-"He has
come down out of his blanket"-and
a humorous print depicted the domestic
miseries of the burger at this period.
sleeping with his entire household in a
blanket hung from the ceiling because
every other square foot of his house
was rented.
Up until very few years ago all
kinds of street fair entertainments
were held. Bears performed in the
streets and there was always music.
The music is there yet. but camels and
orientals have superseded the bears.
And the music. then and now, quite
Enthusiastically of the German people.
is passed upon by musical commits
Evening star., 1915-09-12

THE American History Story-Book.
etc With illustrations by Frank
& Co.
CANNING, PRESERVING AND JELLY
MAKING. By Janet Mckenzie Hill.
author OF Cooking for Two" etc.
Illustrated. Boston: Little. Brown
& Co.
THE MANUAL OF sTATIsTIcs-
STOCK EXCHANGE HANDBOOK.
1915. Thirty-seventh annual issue.
New York: The Manual of Statis-
tics Company.
THE RAILWAY LIBRARY. 1914, A Col
lection of Addresses and Papers on
Railway Subjects, Mostly Delivered
or Published During the Year
Compiled and edited by slason
Thompson. director of bureau of
railway news and statistics. Chi
cago: Stromberg. Allen Co.
MITHRAISM. BY W. J. Pythian-
Adams. Chicago: Open Court Pub
fishing Company.
THE LIFE OF EARL WILLIAMS: By
Oren Clayton Reel. New York:
Shakespeare Press.
RAGS. BY Edith Barnard Delano. au-
thor of The Land of Content" etc,
York: D. Appleton & Co.
THE WINNER. By. William Winter.
Indianapolis: bopps-MerTlll CoIn-
pany.
RECORD NO. 33. By Ida Clyde Clarke.
Illustrated by Stockton Mulford-
New York: .. Appleton & Co.
PEGGY-MARY. By Kay Cleaver
Strahan. New York: Duffield & Co.
JEAN CABOT AT THE HOUSE WITH
THE BLUE SHUTTERS. By Ger
trude Fisher Scott. Illustrated by
Arthur O. Scott. Boston: Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Company.
THE FAITH OF PRINCES; With a
Evening star., 1915-09-12
Loyal ireland.

From the New York Evening World.
On the day Great Britain drew sword
in the great struggle, John Redmond.
Irish leader. with shouts for the fresh
won victory of home rule still gladden.
ing his ears, rose in the house of com
mons and with simple, unforgettable
words pledged Ireland to the empire.
The pledge has been kept One hun
dred and twenty-four thousand Irish
men are now fighting with the allies.
Between 5000 and 1000 Irish recruits
join the army each week. Drunken
ness and crime in Ireland show marked
decrease. Emigration last year to
America was less than in any twelve
month since the great famine of 1s47.
The feeling between Ireland and
England" the great nationalist told
the World this week, has entirely
changed since the war began. Ire
lands attitude toward the war has had
an enormous influence on what was up
to that time opinion hostile 10 home
rule and to Ireland"
Evening star., 1915-09-12
Sheaf Of sonnets. BY Harvey NJ
Watts Philadelphia: The John c.

sheaf Of sonnets. BY Harvey NJ
Watts. Philadelphia: The John C.
Winston Company.
DAVE PORTER SERIES-DAvE POR-
TER At BEAR CAMP; Or. The Wild
Man Of Mirror Lake: BY Bye EdTard yard
ter at Oak Hail. etc. Illustrated by
Walter S. Rogers. Boston: 10th
rop, Lee & Shepard Company.
THE SINGLE-CODE GIRL, Novel.
By Bell Elliott Palmer. Fronus.
piece by Chase Emerson. Boston
LES MISERABLES. Fly Victor Hugo.
Abridged and edited by Douglas
Gordon Crawford. NJ. A. instructor
in English in Phillips academy. my
!!Aadover. Mass New YORK: Inc
BIOGRAPHY. By Mary Stoyeli
Simpson. illustrated by Frank T.
Merrill. Boston: Little, Brown 4
Co.
SURE POP AND THE SAFETi
SCOTS, Ry Roy Rutherford Bailey
Published under the auspices OF the
National Safety Council. Illus
trated. Yonkers-on Hudson: World
Book Company.
HOW TO KNIT SOCKS: A Manual Tor
Both Amateur and Expert knfttsrs.
BY Maud Churchill Nicoll. New
York: Brentano's.
THE BEDTIME STORY BOoKS-THE
ADVENTURES OF SAMMY JAY. BY
Thornton W. Burgess. author OF
"Old Mother West Wind" etc. H.
1ustrations by Harrison Cady. Bos-
ton: Little. Brown & Co.
THE BEDTIME STORY BOOKS-THE
ADVENTURES OF CHATTERER
THE RED SQUIRREL. By Thornton
W. Burgess, author of ''Old Mother
West Wind etc. illustrations by
Harrison Cady. Boston Little.
Brown & Co.
Evening star., 1915-09-12

OF nine battalions of Zouaves. four squad
rcns OF Chasseurs dAfrique and ten bat
teries of artillery (French).
Tunisian troops were One regiment of
Iouaves. one regiment of Tirailieurs.
tnree battalions of light infantry
(French), one company of discipline, one
reglment OF Spahis. one regiment of Chas-
seurs d'Afrique, one company of cavalry
OF the remount, six batteries of artillery
tFrench). one battalion Of foot artillery
tfrench), two companies of engineers
tfrench), three companies of military
train and one territorial battalion Of
Zouaves (native).
The troops from which France has re-
cruited in the lands between Algiers and
the hongo are called the Force, Noir"
or the Black Force. but of the numbers
s. ana composition Of this body of soldiers
iittle was known outside military circles
ln.erested In 1t, and very little knowledge
concerning the strength and Operations Of
TINS force has been allowed to escape into
the outside world since hostilties began.
Evening star., 1915-09-12

sioners before any band is allowed in
the streets.
From a window in one of the build
ings just torn down In the market
place Martin Luther addressed the
throngs at the fair during the great re-
ligious excitement of the early fifteenth
century. The composer. Richard Wag-
ner. was born in house still stand
ing. in the market place, and Mendel-
ssohn was a favored and protected in
structor in music in the same environs.
Numerous crypts in Leipzig attest the
medieval history of the town.
X x
A famous cellar, known as Auer-
bachs Keller, and the scene of DR..
Fausts exploits, is now a restaurant
frequented by the attendants at the
fa1r While essentially the town of
the scholar and artist. Leipzig has
stanchly stayed in international COM
merce as unique and important figure
on account of these fairs which bring
buyers from all parts of the world.
To the American buyer the mart
suggests an oriental bazaar. In the
labyrinth of narrow streets and COW
cred alleys and yards and warehouses
the real eastern Jew. unfamiliar to
western eyes. is first observed. He
wears the kaftan or long black gown
like a cassock, and curls hang before
his ears Poland and East Prussia claim
him, and he has little to do with those
of his race in western Germany.
Exhibition space this year is half
price, and many measures have been
put forth by the chamber of commerce
for the interests of both exhibitor and
purchaser. Austria. Bohemia and
Hungary exhibit wares along with Ger
many. Representatives of ten countries
placed orders with these exhibitors at
the Easter fair. and nearly 10000 buy
ers were present. AS against 1880
buyers during the spring fair of 1914,
the war did not make one third the
difference which was feared Twelve
large American wholesale houses SELL
ing toys and novelties to thousands of
retail stores over the United States
placed their orders as If there were no
conflict raging at the very doors of
the vast market place
Evening star., 1915-09-12

~ ERVING in the French armies are
~ soldiers of many of the races and
w tribes of Africa-pure and mixed
blood people from Algiers, black tribes
men from Senegal, the Sudan and the
Niger, and representatives from the ma
tives Of Madagascar. In the dispatches
and in the popular mind all these
troops are classified as Turcos and
Spahis.
There is a good deal of misunder-
standing about this classification. When
France began the work of making a
French colony of Algiers the organiza-
ton of native troops was entered on.
The towns of Algeria were populated
mainly by Turks, and, recruiting the
native infantry regiments from this
class OF natives the troops came to be
called. and for that matter are still
called, Turcos, but the difhculty is that
the term has been given much broad
ar meaning than is warranted by the
facts. In Algeria, when France began
the organization of native cavalry req
iments the recruiting officers drew not
on the town people, but on the co2ntry
folk and these were Arabs and Ber-
bers These mounted troops are known
as Spahis. The reason for this is that
Spahi is the French spelling for word
which in North Africa, as well as in
Turkey and Persia means "cavalryman'
or "horse soldier" The Turkish word
is snalled "sipahi" and the Persian word
"sipahee." So the word Spahi or Spa
his. frequently appearing in the news
from the battle regions of western Eu-
rope, does not mean race of people.
but cavalry. To the initiated the Spa
hiS are light cavalry, for from French
Africa comes another native mounted
force. or generally French and natives
mingled. known as Chasseurs DAT
riuue.
sessions she organized native troops
among the black tribes of the lands
drained by the Niger. the tribes of the
sudan and the people Of Senegal. In
the popular imagination these troops
Frances colonial foot soldiers were
Turcos.
Evening star., 1915-09-12

signed with special view toward ac-
modatng exhibits. Some are mu-
nicipally owned, others privately. The
Dresdener Hof is one of the newest
and most up-to-date buildings. 1t has
five floors: the first is used for eX-
hibiting porcelain, glass and metal art
goods, the second for household and
kitchen utensils and machines; the
third, fancy goods and toys, and the
fourth. sporting goods. paper goods.
etc. On the top floor are found the
office, general writing and reading
rooms, conference chambers and safety
vaults for the exhibitors.
Space rental is the same on every