Western Carolina Democrat and French Broad hustler. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1913-1915, 1915-10-28

the egg stage. The eggs appear as a
fHothy mass and are usually deposited
beside the graylsh siIken cocoon from
which the wingless- parent moth es-
capped. 1t will be easy to collect and
destroy these pupae and egg masses.
Throughout the Middle West, and to
less extent elsewhere, the winte
nests of the leaf crumpler are conspic-
uous objects on fruit trees, especially
ounce, pear, and apple. The larvae
winter in tough, ho~rn-shaped cases to
which are usually attached several
dead leaves. These nests should be
removed and burned to destroy the
eaterpillars within.
Cut TWigS Injured by Buffalo Tree
HOPPER.
The work of the buffalo tree-hopper
usually attracts the attention of the
observant orchardist,~ especially during
pruning. This insect punctuIos the
young twigs in the course of it's egg
laying, the scars later producing {
much eformed and weakened branch
Care should be taken to cut out these
Injured tWigs, with the view to deveI-
oping new, sound branches.
Destroy BOrers by "WOrming."
There are various species of borers
attacking fruit trees which may be
very effectively searched for and de-
stroyed during the falh winter, or
spring. "Worming'' for the peach
borer should be begun in early fall and
continued until the trees have all beer
gone over This is done by cutting
away the injured bark sufficiently to
trace the burrow n then removing
the borer with a knife or hooked wire.
Previous to Worming the soil should
be dug away from the base Of the trees
so that the castings eXuding from the
burrows may be cen and assist in the
more ready location of the borer. Since
many of the peach borers in the fall
are yet quite small. very careful work
will be necessary to destroy all of
them. After the trees have been
wormed once it is a good practice to
60 oyer them again. The earth should
pc drawn around the base of the tree
before there is danger of freezing
weather. The same plan should be
followed in worming the trees in the
spring, at which time it will be some
what, easier to detect the borers be-
cause of, their increase in size.
Throughout the Central and Eastern
States apple trees should be regularly
Wormed in the spring and fall for the
rCundheaded apple-tree borer. This
insect attacks the trees near the
ground and it's injury is Indicated by
brown patches under the bark and the
castings which often accumulate i'll
some quantity on the soil. The use of
a sharp knife and moderately stiff wire
is usually sufficient in the work OF
worming the trees, in9the case of either
the peach or the houndheaded apple
tree borer.
Prune and Apply Washes for ShOt-Hole
BOrer.
The work of the fruit-tree barkbee-
tie, or shot-hole borer, is often first de-
tected on trees during pruning OPERA
lions in winter. n steps should be
taken as soon as it is discovered to
correct the trouble, if possible. The
shot-hole borer as a rule attacks trees
which are in a state of decline from
any cause 1t winters in various
stages just beneath the bark. Peach
trees attacked by this insect and which
still have vitality to eXude gum at the
injured points may in some cases be
brought into condition by severe prun-
ing and an application as the buds
swell in the spring of an effective
wash, as fish-oil soap, at the rate of l
pound to the gallon of water, or heavy
w~hitewash, or a waGh made of 1 pint
OF crude carbolic acid and 1 gallon of
soft fish-oil soap dissolved in 8 gallons
water. Washes should be thoroughly
applied to the trunk and larger limbs.
In the case of apple, pear, and other
trees which do not exude gum to any
extent, it is a question of judgment
whether it will be possible to save
trees attacked by this insect. If the
infestation is rather severe it usually
indicates that the tree is beyond hope
of saving. Individual branches on
trees may often show attack by this in
sect and should be promptly removed
and burned to prevent it's further in
crease and spread.
In regions where the seventeen-year
locust has been abundant, young orr
chards especially are often severely
injured. During pruning operations
in winter particular attention. should
be given to cutting out the injured
branches, since these are usually so
weakened that they will not support
any considerable crop of fruit.
Burn Trash to Destroy Grape Insects.
Several grape insects winter among
the fallen grape leaves in trash IN
vineyards and much may be done to
destroy them if the trash be raked to-
gether and burned. Such work will be
of value against the grape-berry moth
and the grape leaf-foldAr. which hiber'
nate in the pupal condition in the fall
len grape leaves. The grapevine flea
beetle and the grape leafhopper spend
the winter as adults under trash Of all
kinds in and about vineyards, and the