Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-18

thick, rich sirups Without cooking or
evaporating and without the addition
of sugar or other Ingredients. The re-
pressed Juice, crushing the frozen mass
and whirling the fragments in CEN
trifugal device. In this way the water
OF the Juice Is separated from the
| other constituents. Another method
ments is for clarifying fruit juices by
| removing the cloudy suspended matter
with cream separator.
The experiments have been in prog
ress for several years, and while there
are many problems still unsolved In
| connection with certain Juices, much
has been accomplished. The greatest
variations, some of them most unex-
under treatment and in the keeping
qualities of the Juices of various fruits:
Gratifying results have been obtained
| in the experiments with blackoerries,
| black raspberries. black and red cur
| rants, sour cherries and peaches. from
| all Of which, 1t was found. juices can
| easily and successfully be prepared on
| a large scale by the methods used in
| the preparation of grape Juice. Such
! Juices, like grape juice, retain their
| characteristic colors and f1avors on be-
| ing sterilized and stored at ordinary
| temperatures. OF this group, however,
peach Juice is not quite as successful
product as the other Juices, since even
Of the keenness Of the distinctive fruit
flavor.
The most difacult problems were en-
| countered In the attempt to find sim
pie method Of preparing satisfactorily
favored and easily preserved Juice from
Strawberries, red raspberries, oranges
and lemons. Strawberries and lemons
presented perhaps the hardest prob
lens Of all, and are, at the same time,
two Of the fruits from which 1t is most
~ hot mo-
produced.
At every turn the universally popular
strawberry proved banning, and the
problems concerned with its proper
treatment are still unsolved: Appnca-
ton of heat sufficient for sterilization
Immediately altered the flavor, and the
liquid began almost Immediately to
change from brilliant red to dirty
| brown. Cold storage did not materially
| retard these changes, and neither did
the addition of carbon dioxide. Finally,
strawberry juice was practically the
| only fruit juice experimental with that
| was difficult to concentrate by the
freezing method, for 1t took on ge-
| latinous consistency which made sep
aration of the ice difficult.
| Though lemon Juice was sterilized
| without loss Of flavor or color, no treat
ment SO far devised has prevented
change of flavor after few weeks.
Orange Juice, it was found, can be kept
SUCCESSFULLY only at low temperatures.
| Grapefruit juice. strangely enough. on
the other hand, can be prepared by SIN.
pie sterilization and kept perfectly at
ordinary temperatures. Pineapple juice
presented difficult problems, but 1t was
found that satisfactory results could De
secured by slight carbonfzation.
The department chemists Will con-
tinue their Investigations in the hope
of finding an appropriate method OF
preserving fruit juices Of each variety
r. the end that there may be developed
a remunerative industry built on the
utilization Of fruits now wasted.
Uncle Sam Is SO sure that his Is one
of tho most interesting countries In the
world and is SO DESTROYS OF
Official having his citizens realize
the fact and "see America
uu1oe. first" that he has taken adj
vantage Of the year OF the expositions
on the Pacific coast to offer practically
to personally conduct tourists across
the continent Tho somewhat ideal old
gentleman is not planning exactly to
operate "rubber-neck" trains and to
call out the sights with a megaphone,
but he has done the next best thing
by having his experts prepare an oh-
cial guide book Of the west that Is
history, geography, geological text
description all rolled into one.
The guide book is in four volumes.
profusely illustrated with photographs.
maps and figures, each volume cover
ing one of the older railroad routes
west Of the Mississippi. The books are
the governments first official guide.
and are unique among guide books Tor
their accuracy and comprehensiveness
as well as their interest.
MI.
the old Overland trail route traversed
by the Union Pacific railroad from the
Missouri river to San Francisco. has
Just been published. Others dealing
and the Coast and Shasta routes will
follow in rapid succession. The Over
land guide book contains side trip
to Yellowstone Park. treated in detail
tains PA pages and Twenty-Five maps.
The latter, according to George Otis
Smith, director of the geological sur
vey. have been prepared with a degree
Of accuracy probably never before at
tanned in a guide book. :.
The maps are on a large scale, ana
follow the route with the accompany
ing text station by station. making the
journey TEEN with interest even
eye might seem devoid Of all interest.
To present the complete record OF
the country through which the traveller
will be whirled as he reads. the book
not only describes but also draws on
history-geologic and human. OF dry,
treeless plain, for instance. the text
will present a rapidly drawn picture OF
the times when 1t was a sea; fern
covered swamp frequented by strange
beasts and birds that are pictured IN
the illustrations; an ice-covered waste;
the homo of buffaloes and Indians; the
scene Of immigration and the colorful
life Of pioneer days. Finally the book
will tell Of the locality's present value,
it's Industries, the produce of Its SOIL
and factories and the mineral wealth
which lies hidden. perhaps. beneath
its surface.
OF states, cities. rivers, lakes and
other objects of interest, whether OF
human or natural origin, not only sta
tistics but facts Of human interest as
we'll are presented. Non-technfcal de.
scriptions are given in all cases Of
interesting engineering problems and
accomplishments connected with tn. the
construction of railroads, irrigation
systems and power developments Al.
together the book is such as to point
out and explain the significant things
that may be seen, to carry the interest
of the traveller far beyond the sights
that untold before him from the car
windows, and to furnish fascinating
addition to his store OF knowledge con-
corning his country.
The guide books have been prepared
by the geological survey, both from
its fund of information gathered IN
the past and from supplemental field