davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

that which is sent to the United States
is equal to any of the grass-fed cattle
of our country. although it is not as
good as the beef we get from steers
fattened on corn, nor is it as good as
the alfalfa-fed beef of Argentina In
speaking of alfalfa, Mr.. DAILY tells me
that this crop gives Argentina a great
advantage over the other countries
about. 1t has millions of acres in
which can be planted. Cattle fattened
on alfalfa have meat that compares
well with our corn-fed beef. Much of
the meat of Kansas and Nebraska is
raised on alfalfa, and this has done a
great deal toward making those places
great cattle states. In Iowa and 1li-
nois, where clover is fed with the
corn, it takes one-thrd more time TO
fatten a steer than it does in Kansas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

cattle will go to the frigerificos to be
prepared for the markets of Europe.
The poorest will go to the soladeros to
be made into jerked or dried beef that
will be shipped to Brazil and the West
Indies. Each herd is driven by it's
own men who receive 80 per hundred
for driving them six miles and deliver
ing them to the buyers. This money is
paid by the owners of the cattle. who
sell them subject to delivery.
Leaving Toblado we rode in our ma
chimes over the Cerro to the Frigerifico
Montevideo, which belongs to Swift
& Co. 1t is situated on little
peninsula running out into the wide
and muddy Rio de la Plata. The build
ing covers some acres 1t is struc-
ture of concrete and galvanized iron
and it has all the equipment in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

LAS to Uruguay" continued Mr.. DAILY.
lit is not an alfalfa country. The soil
does not seem to be fitted for that
crop. although the native grasses are
excellent"
l asked Mr. Daily as to how thickly
Uruguay was stocked and as to wheth-
er it could feed many more animals
than it is now doing. He replied that
creased and that the quality Of the
beef might be greatly improved by the
importation of blooded stock from
Europe and the United States. Until
has been paid to the buying of high
priced bulls and cows for breeding pur-
poses. as has long been done in Ar
gentina. The people are now alive to the
advantages OF such breeding and In the
future there will be a steady i'm
provement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

in the open and are continually swept
by the breezes from the ocean and the
Rio de la Plata. There were about five
thousand animals in the pens at the
time of my visit and had good
chance to observe the character of the
stock. There were Durhams and Here
fords, but most of them were native
bred or cross between the native
breeds and the imported stock. Some
of the animals were fine. although on
the average they did not compare in
value or size with those | saw at
hundred Herefords which averaged, l
Judge. about 1900 pounds each. They
had been dehorned. They were fatter
than any grass-fed animals one sees
in the United States.
During my walk through the factory
! asked Mr.. Daily as to the character
of the uruguayan beef. He replied that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
halifax an Outpost Of British Imperial Defense

. German Submarines and the Monroe
Doctrine-Actual Land Defenses of Hail.
fax Known Only to the British Military
Authorities Fortified Port of a Certain
Kind-The Movement for a Canadian
ENCOURAGEMENT Which for Two Centuries
Has Been One of the Institutions Which
Marked the Atlantic Outpost of Empire.
The British Atlantic Fleet, With Base at
Halifax-The Fisheries Question.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
DRYING BEEF FOR EXPORT.

way and that through the stock. The
ponchos are of fine wool The sad
dies are without horns with sheepskin
blankets on top. The sheepskins have
the wool on them and the man sits on
the wool as a protection against slip
ping. The ordinary gait is a canter
and the only gaits are the walk, the
canter and gallop. The horses look
like our western bronchos. The gauchos
have no mercy upon them. They drive
the sharp spurs into their sides and
use their quirts without mercy.
Now look at the cattle. There are
1000 or more being sold on the hills
this morning. They are of all colors.
red. black, white and spotted. The
most of them are long horned and
rangey, much like those of Texas a
generation or so ago. They will weigh
from 1000 to 1900 pounds and their
ages are from three to six years. They
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

are in droves of fifty to 500, each
estancia.
I stopped now and then to watch the
selling. The price this morning is 10
cents a kilo of two and one-f1fth pounds.
This is about $3.50 hundred. live
weight. After buying, the animals are
driven to the scales and weighed. II
is interesting to watch the weighing.
The cattle go into corrals in one part
of the field and as they do SO they
pass over great scales thirty feet long
by fifty feet wide. From fifty to 100
cattle are weighed at a time and the
scales are balanced to the weight of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

tin bucket The horses go like polo
ponies. wheeling and turning at touch
of the knee.
The scenes are indescriba BILE, and
yet they represent the only real cattle
market of Uruguay. Montevideo is the
Chicago of the republic and Toblado Is
the stock yards. AS l rode about on
horseback | dictated some notes of the
scenes to my stenographer. stopping
now and then for the purpose. The
following is some of the copy.
Stand with me on the hill and over
look the great cattle market in the
suburbs of Montevideo. thousand
steers are believing like the great bull
of Bashan. The gauchos are shouting.
the cattle are running this way and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

that. with the men dashing among
them and cutting the strangers out of
the herds They ride like centaurs.
waving, their whips to brighten the cat
tie rather than to increase the speed
of their horses. I have seen many
polo matches, but in none such riding
as this. steer may get out of
herd and go flying about through the
hundred other herds on this two acres
of hills. Two gauchos will follow him.
They will ride on each side and drive
him through drove after drove until
he comes back to his place.
I stopped to take photographs of the
gauchos. They do not know the camera
and they asked to see the pictures at
once. They are picturesque. Some of
them have on long white ponchos that
float in the breeze as they gallop this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

,Copvriyh, 1918. by Frank G.. Carpenterl
MONTENEGRO. Uruguay.
-HE demand for meat by the
armies in Europe has sent the
prices of cattle sky-high. The
q packing companies of Uruguay
are running at their fullest capacity,
and the sales now held at Toblado. each
morning are among the sights of the
world.
! doubt if many of you have ever
heard of Toblado 1t is the great cattle
market of Uruguay. where steers and
sheep by the thousands are brought in
for sale. The animals come on foot and
on the trains from all parts of the re-
public. Some are raised on the Dor
ders of Argentina and some on the edge
OF Brazil. Others are from the heart
of the country, but altogether they rep
resent pickings of stock country
which is more than twice as large as
Indiana and which now has something
like eight million cattle and twenty-five
million sheep. The live stock census
taken a year ago showed the domestic
animals to be thirty-five millions. The
| country is pastoral one. 1t is roll
I ing prairie with water everywhere for
the stock. The soil is thin in places.
make excellent beef The climate IS
such that the vegetation is green all
the year round and the cattle and sheep
feed out of doors from one years end
to the other. The lands are owned In
great estancias or ranches some OF
which have as much as two hundred
Thousand acres. The average farm is
more than thousand acres and there
are single fields of from one to five
hundred acres. 1t is from such regions
that the animals are now being driven
TO Montevideo to be turned into chilled
beef for the war.
In order to see the great cattle mar
ket have spent the greater part of to-
day at Toblado and have followed the
animals, bought there. across the hills
to the big frigerifico owned by Swift
Co. where they are turned
into beef. This frigerifico is situated
on the harbor at the foot of the little
mountain or hill from which Monte
video is named and the ocean steamers
load beef there for the United States
and for Europe.
The frigerifico which / shall describe
later, is by far the largest in Uruguay.
Its business is done under a native
charter but il is run with American
capital and after American methods.
The managers are Americans trained
n Chicago and other parts of the
United States and the same is true of
many of the foremen. The bulk of the
pther employees are ma tives.
I went out to Toblado in company
with Mr.. Leo l.. DAILY. who is at the
head of the Uruguay branch of Swift
e Co. We started very early i'm the
morning for the sales begin at am.
bnd thousands of cattle are often sold
within a few hours thereafter. The
market is six miles from the city and
We rode out to 1t in automobiles.
leaving the town we came right into
he open country. There were no
ences and we rode up hill and down.
he machines fairly flying over the
roads.
Nearing Toblado we could hear the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

believing of the cattle and little
later we were in the midst of great
herds of steers and fiocks of sheep,
which covered space of perhaps 100
acres. being herded by gauchos. The
animals are not kept in Enclosures.
There are no fences anywhere and the
rolling country is covered with cattle.
Some are in droves of a few hundred
and some in droves of a thousand.
Each drove is herded by gauchos, dark
faced men with ponchos: divided skirts
hats and each had a pole or a whip.
At the end of the pole is hook to
drag the cattle this way and that. All
the work is done upon horseback. The
men sit on great saddles with sheep
skins thrown over them and with
stirrups as big around as a two-quart
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

receive as much as ten dollars for
eight hours work. The latter sum is
paid to the skilled butchers. The ordi
nary Uruguayan does not like to work
in the freezing rooms. He is satisfied
with any other place provided it is
warm and wet. He can do anything on
horseback, and will ride on the gaIlop
ten miles without an objection. If
you ask him to walk a mile he will
think it a hardship.
After going through the frigerifico.
visited the cattle pens where they were
then bringing the animals / had seen
brought in the morning. The pens are
situated on a hill about quarter of
mile from the factory. They are out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

relief as in years when there is no
world war.
A good many Nova Scotians are en-
ployed in the New England fisheries.
and at this season it is said that more
are to be found at Gloucester than at
their own ports.
The fisheries question used to cause
irritation between Nova Scotia and New
England The trainers of the present
tariff were so liberal in giving the
Nova Scotian fishermen all they wanted
without exacting anything in return,
that Nova Scotia Is in a most anna BILE
mood as regards the fisheries
A question of international bearing,
in the event of a German submarine
attack or other invasion of Halifax and
the Canadian coast, is discussed in a
quiet way at Ottawa as well as at
Halifax. 1t is that of the Monroe doc
trine.
Last winter Prof. William H. Taft in
some of his lectures referred to the
concern which the United States felt in
the welfare Of Canada and the possible
duty of this country in case of the at
tempted invasion of the Dominion by
an enemy country. Since he, as Presi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

dent, negotiated the reciprocity treaty.
and. in connection Herewith. gave ex-
preston to some opinions about our
general relation to Canada, there has
been keen interest among Canadians in
any views that Prof Taft may make
known. Moreover. in the summer he is
himself a Canadian, as he passes his
vacation at Murray bay.
Ambassador Won Bernstorn last win
ter also made some certain public dec
larations which were supposed to ap-
ply to Canada as well as to other sec
tions of the western hemisphere. 1t
was also assumed that he spoke for
the Berlin foreign office. and for the
kaiser, in order to indicate German
imperial policy.
The substance of the German ambas-
sador's declaration was that Germany.
in any war move she might make,
would respect the Monroe doctrine.
The ambassadors declarations did
not call for a formal reply by the State
made by the State Department, reduced
to ordinary terms from the courteous
language of diplomatic correspondence.
doubtless would be that the assurance
was unnecessary. The American peo-
pie and the press at the time made it
clear that this would be the American
attitude.
In Canada the intimation that the
Dominion might need the shield OF the
Monroe doctrine was resented. The
comment on Prof. Taft's suggestions
was in some cases courteously depre-
catory, and in other cases frankly crit
ical.
On the German ambassadors public
statement the comment was abusive
and belligerent. The pith of the Cana
dian position was that Canada could
take care of herself. and that she
would do that as part of the British
empire and without any pan-American
or Monroe doctrine protection. At the
same time the help which the United
States was offering in the way OF
financing loans was gladly availed OF,
and this country was laid under fur
Their contribution by the imposition OF
an additional war tariff tax which ap-
piled chiefly to merchandise imported
from the United States.
1t did not seem to occur to the Cana
dian commentators that in helping 70
finance the Dominion by taking the
loans which could not be placed else
where the United States was acquiring
additional interest In any possible al
tack by an enemy country. This. how
ever, is not the governing considera-
ton.
Notwithsta nding the Canadian attf-
tude. the appearance of German sub
marines off Halifax would raise very
lively question regarding the Monroe
doctrine. 1t would not be a theoretic
question as to the various interpreta-
tions which may be given the doc
trine 1t would relate to the applica-
ton to be made of the Monroe princi-
pie by the United States in actual cir
cumstances.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

on the subject. vast quantities of muni-
lions are shipped through it to Eng
land.
For awhile there was widespread
complaint in the Dominion that not
withstanding the sacrifices which Can
ada was making, and the men she was
sending to the front, the home govern
ment was not giving Canadian manu-.
facturers their proper proportion OF
orders for munitions.
Many Canadian industrial plants were
ready to turn themselves into NUM-
tion plants, it was said, II they couio
be assured the orders necessary to
keep them going. Some bitterness was
manifested against the New york
bankers who were buying munitions
for the British government because OF
the alleged favoritism to American
manufa cturers.
An unbia sed observer, knowing the
frenzied efforts of England to obtain
munitions, would hardly credit the as
sertions that the Canadian plants were
not availed of to the fullest extent.
Whether that was so in the beginning
of the war or not, it unquestionably
is not true now. Canadian plants are
working to their fullest limit. and
large quantities of munitions are
shipped out through Halifax.
There is an element both Of imperial
and of Dominion policy in this exhibit
ton of Halifax as strategic CONNER
cial base. When the Dominion govern
ment some years ago undertook to
guarantee the construction Of a trans
continental road to parallel the Cana
dian Pacific one ground on which this
prospect was supported was that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

Copyright 1918. by Frank G. CarpenterA
MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay.
E1HE demand for meat by the
armies in Europe has sent the
prices of cattle sky-high. The
& packing companies of Uruguay
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1915-09-30

bridge, but when Fifty-six was at the head
OF the gorge there were eighty-six miles in
front OF her and eighty minutes left to do
them IN. George climbed down from his
seat to the gangWay and told Jim that he
was going to take the bridge at full speed,
as they would never make Clinch River in
time otherwise. Both knew that the chances
were not much better than even, that bridge,
train and all would go into the river if they
tried such thing; but Jim was game all
through. When George told him that he
could run her and fire too, if necessary, and
that Jim could jump while they were run
ming slowly on the upgrade if he wanted to,
Jim told him to go to h
few minutes later they pitched over the
crest Of the hill and tore down toward the
river like mad. Amhorn said afterward
that he couldn't hear thing for the echo of
the exhaust that was coming back from the
hills all around. The drivers under him
were blur. The engine rocked and
pitched, and the headlight danced until it
didn't show the track ahead more than half
the time. Jim quit shoveling and just hung
on.
To this day the old pump-tender at the
Ing - OIIdD4C " lC4leLlDtF' WneIner ne
saw Ffty-six pass or not. He only recalls
an impression of something like a great
black thunderbolt that shot by him at a
speed he never saw before nor since; a short
hollow roar as it hurtled across the bridge,
and then the crash as whole span tumbled
into the river. But the mail was across and
boring into the night as swiftly as ever. AS
the water closed over the wrecked span
there came back the four deep-toned blasts
of the 1868 calling for the block at Radford
Junction, half mile away.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1915-09-30

smoke pouring out of her stack as though
she were just beginning her run instead Of
ending it. Back of her trailed the five new
mail cars, their sides gray with dust.
The instant the train stopped a swarm of
men fell upon it, tapping the wheels, testing
the air, and pouring oil into the journal
boxes. They worked like mad, and the 1864
hadn't more than been uncoupled before old
George was backing down to take her place.
He was In such hurry about it that he
scraped several inches of paint of the other
engines tender as he came in from the sid
ing. Before the couples had touched men
reached for the air hose, and second later
Holcomb himself swung onto mail car and
gave the signal to go ahead. In an instant
they were moving. Faster and faster they
went, as George gradually pulled the throt-
tie over, and when they passed the depot
they were pretty nearly flying. The last we
saw Of them was a cloud of black smoke
whipping around the curve at "WJ' tower,
below Eighteenth Street; but from the re-
ports that came in over the wire and the
tale that the conductor told when he recov-
cred his breath next day, we got q very good
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1915-09-30

behind. Fifty-six wasn't paying much at
tention to any Ten miles per hour within
the city limits ordinances that day.
At noon Holcomb came into the des-
patcher's Office at Damascus Junction and
sat down by the North End train wire to
watch the running.
No. So by 1923" reported Silver Creek.
No. So by I2:3I,' clicked Valley View,
and Holcomb smiled a little Ten miles in
eight minutes. This was running indeed.
Then McKelly came in to listen to the
little stations 90. Sing" the new train,
and he laughed like boy when he timed
her between some of them. She was due in
Damascus Junction at three-ten, but at the
rate she was running she would strike the
upper yards little before three o'clock.
Bob Amhorn was the dispatcher on that
trick, and he was handling the trains like
veteran. can see him now, a quiet, hand
some young fellow, sitting there with the
whole one hundred and eighty-two miles of
the North division in bis head Just as clearly
as though he were seeing the entire length Of
It with his eyes. Everything was going
beautifully, and it locked as though it were
going to be the easiesc thing in the world to
put that mail into New Orleans on time.
Then the door of the South End des-
patcher's Office few open and scared
operator plunged through it and handed
McKelly message. He didn't say any
thing, just handed it to him and hurried
back to his wire; but the superintendent
said enough for both of them. They used
to say that when McKelly really started
in to swear, the Recording Angel sent in
a hurry call for stenographer. When
the sulphur smoke had sort of cleared
away we began to take in the cause of the
trouble. It seemed that Jim Bolins-
Hardluck Bolins, they called him-had
broken driving-rod On his engine. No one
had been hurt, but before he had been able
to stop his train the bro1en rod had flayed
all the left-hand side Of ..1s cab of and
wound up by derailing the engine, tender,
and several freight cars There we were
with the main line blocked south until late
IN the night, and the mail coming in on us
sixty and seventy miles an hour. Things
looked blue. McKelly was in the next room
getting the details and they were not en-
couraging Bolinss train was in the ditch
IN cut where it would be impossible to pet
a temporary track built around it in time
to do any good. In the meantime Bancroft
had sent in the call for the wrecker and be-
gan clearing the road for it. The North
End stations kept reporting Fifty-six by,
and it was sickening to think of that splen-
did run ending in nothing through another
piece Of old man BoIins's miserable luck.
McKelly said that the only thing to do was
to get the wreckage out of the way quickly
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1915-09-30

and afterward make up as much time as
possible. It was poor enough outlook.
and while we were getting the line ready for
the wrecker good deal of breath went into
curses on Jim Bolins's bald head.
Then Holcomb, who had been standing
by the window saying nothing, wheeled
around and walked over to Bancroft.
Harry" he, said, get the Mineral diu-
sion clear. I'm going to send the mail into
Clinch River over thai"
Good Lord, man, you can never do itl''
broke in McKelly. "'Think of those curves
and that roadbed There are slow orders
out for that new Little River bridge, too.
It's out of the question"
Never mind that" Holcomb said
"The mails got to 80 and it's the only
way left US. Come on to the round
house
That was Holcomb. No running the road
from desk with brass railing around it
for him.
As they piled down the steps we heard
the wildcat whistle break out with the
call for the wrecking crew, and over on
Railroad Avenue we could see doors come