The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-14
-HE remarkable provision shown
IN Prof. Roland O. Usher's book
-Gcrmanism'' caused al

most a sensation last year. al
though IL was written and issued in
1918. 1t was the best selling non-iiC-
ton book all owe the country for
months after the war started. His new
book 'Pan-Americanism,'' which was
,~~ied nv the Century Company yes
terday, IN addition to being as graphiI
md f~orceful in style as the Others
comes closer to the American of this
particular hour. It is about what Is
now happening elsewhere n what
will most likely happen TO America
after the war. II this provision #
events in this case proves to he as
accurate as "pan-Germanism" was in
the case OF Germany the book In lit
lie short of astounding.
Prof. Usher siys hat though he fs
not without definite conclusions CON
corning many factors OF the present
war he Is conscious OF no PARTISAN
shin or interest beyond that Of the
scholar and observer in search VI
ruth. lie says that he Is aware how
ever. that where notions OF impartial
nv. OF patriotism and Of disinterested-
ness are rs various as they are to-day
hts own Interpretation OF these quail
les may not be acceptable to all his
readers.
'Pan-Americansam" is a formidable
volume OF more than $50 pages and Is
divided into four looks. To summar-
lie 1t all he says in effect that the
vital issue of the hour for Amer
leans is the relation OF the United
states to the European nations and
the possibility of its being drawn into
The war or seriously affected by the
results OF the war. In the past we
I'VE been defended by our peculiar
.irategiCal lsition rather than by
armies. the developments Of the nine
tenth century have destroyed these
traditional terriers. In the past we
have had no economic motive for in
tcrfering in international politics; to-
day every economic interest We have
is suffering from the state OF war.
In the past We were so busy with
mo development Of continental United
States that We could not readily con-
celve Of aggressive policies as eNpedi-
emit or necessary for national welfare:
N the future We may find ourselves
driven 10 employ the anne eXpedients
which European nations are already
championinG for the solution Of the
IDENTICAL problems out Of which this
great war has grown. To-day We are
IN integral part Of the international
structure. and a foreign policy is
necessary.
At the end Of the war Nf not
soonerl the interests of the United
S'atcs. he claims. will clash with those
" the dominant powers in Europe.
While war need not necessarily re-
suit. friction will he certain and war
nossihle. The economic interests of
ne victor will give him a motive for
extend ng his trade relations with
Latin America to the exclusion ~
American merchants. whether Ger
many or England wins VIII make little
Inference to US. both are quite GER
ain to want "A part of tho trade Ne
ave at present with Latin America
nd to oppose with determination any
eN'enSion of u economic relation
Nip.
What will the United States then
'H9 no asks. What will II be u In
'erest to- do Build a merchant ma
r.ne' Maintain the Monroe Doctrine?
Nttomp' the formation of a Pan
American moderation 20 protect
ne Western Hemisphere against Eu-
rope victor? Unfortunately the
after seems impossible. The Latin
americans would not be willing: they
ear the United states more than they
lG Europe. Nor are there present
INV of the fundamental geographical,
economic. political and social bonds
- union and association upon which
such a confederation could be based.
y would be an artificial bond and not
r. sirnug union founded on mutual
interests.
Tho defence ~ the economic inter-
"sts 90 the United states. the main
'eraucc ~ the Monroe Doctrine,
means q readiness 20 use force If
necessary and force means armament
adequate armament. Its adequacy
VIII loo determined by the extent of
10 effort which the victor land not
70 oursclvcs) is willing to make for
he end he wishes 10 achieve. Prof.
Isher therefore considers in detail
ne pros and cons OF armament and
disarmament, the economies, ethics
and presidents for expansion. He does
"''' however, advocate any pdiNIN-
nIar conclusion, but asks whether the
morality OF tho European nations
'eems 10 he sufficiently advanced for
IA 10 entrust TO them the care OF our
interests should We decide not TO de-
lend them ourselves IN arms.
Perhaps to the average American
Nllen the most Interesting chapters
re the two devoted 10 the probable
les Of German aggression In the
went ~ Germany winning and OF the
possibilities Of English aggression in
'ase England wins.
Tho circumstances in which Ger
many emerges from the present wal
as victor, he says. will be more sig
n'hcant for the United States than the
'ac' " victory. Should Germany CON
oluslyaly defeat the Allies on land and
Sea che would in all probability carry
ont the Pan-0ermanic schemes for
The absorption OF Africa and India,
ana would IN In the development OF
an administration and in the solution
or colonial problems abundant occu-
oSiion for some years for such en-
'"avor a. she could spare from the
rearranPem"nt of Europe and the reor-
ehnizgtion OF Germany and Austria
"hNs such a sweeping victory would
~ no means prevent her from ex-
~nairP her RGis over the Western
H'Tn.sps"re, Il would render an a.