Evening star., 1915-03-10
Development of Mineral Re-
sources Since 1876 Shown
by Geological Survey.
COKE AND COAL FIGURES
SHOW LARGE INCREASE
Gold. Silver, Copper. Lead, Petro-
leum and Iron Ore Also Rep
resented in Display.

To illustrate the development of the
mineral resources of the United States
| the geological survey exhibit at the
Panama Pacific interna tional eNposl-
tlon includes IL graphic representation
OF the OUTPUT of the various mineral
products of the country. based on the
production per capita during the cen
tennial year. 1876, and at the present
time. Bituminous coal is represented
by block of coal weighing l,ooo
pounds, the per apita production in
1876. and by another block weighing
five tons 10000 pounds), the per capita
output in 1913 The anthracite blocks.
on the other hand. indicate relatively
small gain, from LAO to 1850 pounds
The per capita production of coke
has increased from 1874 pounds in 1876
to 700 pounds III 1913. At the earlier
period no other than beehive coke was
manufa ctured in the United states,
but since then the interesting feature
of coke manufacture has been the de-
velopment of the retort oven, by which
valuable constituents of the coal other
than coke are recovered. The eNhlblt
a San Francisco shows the quantity or
coal consumed in retort ovens IN this
country in 1913, the quantity OF coke
produced from it. and the quantity OF
coal tar. benzol and Sulphate of am
monia recovered as by-products. The
quantity of gas recovered anu uilllzed
is also properly shown.
Figures on Petroleum.
The production of petroleum III the
United States shows an increase which
is fairly comparable with that of bl-
luminous coal. The per capita output
in 1876 is represented by a half-barrel
of oil containing twenty-five gallons
the output in 1913 is represented BY a
hogshead containing &c barrels. or los
gallons.
The per capita production of copper.
which in. late years has been so sig
nificantly Influenced by the develop
ment of electric power TRANSMISSION,
has increased from one pound IN $40
to thirteen pounds in 1913, and this is
illustrated by ingotS of copper OF the
two weights.
The per capita production Of lead
has increased from four pounds in
1876 to nine pounds in 1913, and the
output of zinc from a little less 'hah
one pound to six pounds.
The quantity of iron ore produced
shows an increase from 3li pounds
per capita in 1876 to 1.434 pounds IN
1913. and the quantity OF pig IRON oDo
tanned from it has increased from 1oo
Since the centennial exposition an
entirely new industry in mining and
metallurgy has been developed through
the production of aluminium. NO
aluminium was produced on com
mercial scale in 1876, but cube
weighing twelve ounces represents the
per capita production in 1913.
Gold and Silver, 1913.
The actual production of gold and
silver In 1913 is a little more than twice
as much as it was in 1876, but as the
population has also nearly doubled the
per capita output of both metals has
kept nearly even with the increasing
population. In 1876 the per capita
production of gold was Il grains: N
1913 it was II grains. The production
of silver In 1913 was 352 grains per
capita: in 1876 it was 2ss grains.
In 1876 the total production of Port
land cement in the United States was
less than 10000 barrels In 1913 1t
was over s2,60O.000 barrels The total
per capita output of cement in 1876
was IL pounds In 1913 1t was "oo
pounds, equivalent to nearly four o.
the bags in which we are accustomed
to see Portland cement transported.
1t is only since the beginning of the
present century that the production OF
sulphur in the United States has had
any significant influence on the trade
but the domestic product has now vir-
tually supplanted Sicilian sulphur in
the markets of this country. In 1876
the per capita production of sulphur in
the United States was 40 grains, or
less than one-third of an ounce. In
1913 it was $4,000 grains, or IA
pounds. The production of pyrte, used
in the manufacture of sulphuric acid
has increased from l ounce per capita
in 1876 to 125 ounces in 1913. In 1876