The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-01
PASSES HARD TO REACH
CsrpatbIsns oHcr Gigantic oh
stncIc to Invaders.

The long. rugged semi-clrcle OF the
Carpathlans has lately become one OF
the most important battle fronts in the
eastern theatre of the war. In extent
the Carpathians are second only to the
Alps among European mountain sys-
TENS
Whoever attacks Hungary from the
east must first pass the mighty noun
tain wall. After that she lies for the
most part Hat and fertile plain at her
conqueror's feet. But the obstacle Is a
gigantic one. Az the western extremity
the great sem-circle begins on the
Danubian plain near pressburg and the
western Carpathlans swing up toward
the northeast Then come the Tatra.
the Central Carpathians. due south of
Crncow
Following the seJmi-circle round one
comes to the long stretch OF the Eastern
Carpathians. which divide GalScia and
Bukowina from Hungary. Next is the
Transylvanian highland, a quadrilateral
lying within the arm OF the semi circle
and reaching right to the Danube,
where the Eastern Carpathians and the
Transylvanian Mountains divide, at
Kirlibaba pass between the waters OF
the NissO and the Golden Bistritza and
send ramincatlons west and south.
The whole of Pennsylvania is n high
side, slopes gently to the interior and
has easy passes but on its eastern and
southern frontiers has huge mountain
walls. which give 1t the appearance OF a
tremendous natural fortress and render
very difficult an approach from Ru-
mania. The southeastern and southern
walls OF the quadrlateral are called the
Transylvanian Alps Here is the high
est part OF the system. Lastly come the
Sretcnye mountains, which extend to
the Danube, and together with the Mi
roch mountains on the right, or Balkan
bank, form the famous gorge OF the Iron
Gates, near OrsOva
The Western and Central CaTpathians
are much more accessible from the
north and east than are the Eastern
Carpathians and the Trans lvanian
Alps The principal passes I'm tine West
ern Carpathiaus are the Lisa. the Jab-
lunka and the JordanoW. The Jablunka
pass is the chief route between Silesia
aud Hungary ana the railway from Bres-
lau to Budapest runs over Il. In the
Central Carplthians there is q road from
Neumarkt through the High Tatra to
K"smart which viii be available Il the
Russians com, ON again through Neu
Sandtc. aud there is the Tilicz pass,
which leads from TdmOw to BHrtfcld.
Dukla is the FIRST Of the Eastern car
pathian passes. Next comes McZo Lab
orcz, where runs the railway between
Przemysl and Tokai Next i'm order the
Uzok, which leads from Samhor 10 Ting
var and the valley Of the Ting. and after
II the Nerecske pass. through which
runs the railway from Lemberg to
Muuka"s.
As mas been already indicated Tran
sylvaula presents it's steepest aspect to
Rumania The most noEhcrly passes
are the Rodua and Borgo. At the south
western corner Of the Bukowina. Then
come the Torgyes and the Bekas, close
together In the southern wall the
Predeal pass Is south of Brasso. on thu
railway line from bucharest. Next on
the south IN the famous Rotenturm. or
Heu Tower pass, through the nattu~
gorge OF the Aluta, where runs the rail-
way from Bucharest to Macy Szeben Cor
HermannstadD Lastly, there are the
Nulkan, Teregova and Iron Gate passes.
The latter Is by the Danube and let's
through the railway from Craiova, in
Rumania, TO TemesVar.