davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
Desire to Include Payment for
Munitions of War Exported
Causes Halt in Big WarLOan

NEW YORK. Sep. 1.-THE Anglo
French financial commissioners who
are seeking % estabiinn a mammoth
credit loan hcre. and American fnan-
ciers. who expect 10 supply the money
we're reported 10 D. az odds tonleht
over the burning question Of Including
munitions 0f war among exports 90 be-
paid Tor by the proceeds Of the loan
On several details OF the loan the
commission and the bankers have
arreed. but on this major question. lt
Has aald. their views are dlamefrlcaily
opposed
Further 10 developed tonight there
is on apparent split on the question
in The rgnks ~ The American fnan-
clers
The commission' attitude. 70 faf. g.
10 can BE- Interpreted d. that The biz
credit whether a billion dollars or
less. should provide funds f0r all o..
ports and thaf munitions of var Ger.
hinly ahoui1 BE- Included
Some American bankers think 60
no buf gfeaf many ere said 20 BE-
Of ne opinion that The loan shaufd
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18

Explorer stsfanson Is Alive and Well
-Had Been Given Up For Lost.

NOME. Alaska. Sept. 17.-vilnja-
mur Stefanson. chief OF the Canadian
government Arctic exploring and sur
yeying expedition that left Victoria,
b. C., in June. 1913. and who set out
afoot over the ice with two compan-
ions from the shores OF Northeastern
Alaska in March. 1914. 70 seek new
land in uncharted seas. did not 20 to
his death. as the world had begun TO
fear, but found the new land and the
only hardships endured were those OF
short rations
The power schooner Ruby arrived
from Herschell Island yesterday with
dispatches from Stefanson to the
Canadian government N which ne
amits reference to the perils OF tne
journey on the ice and gives space TO
the scientific results achieved.
Stefanson is wintering at Banks
Land. where he has large power
schooner and a small one. He plans
70 explore his new territory during
the winter and next summer penetrate
turthe into the egion Of mystery be.
tween Alaska and the north pole.
where no ship has ever gone
Fhe southern. OF Anderson wing OF
the expedition is pursuing its scien.
utic work in the Mackenzie delta and
reports no nishaps except the death Of
Engineer Daniel Blue. Of the power.
boat Alaska.
This is the thirteenth death among
the members Of the expedition. Eight
men uoriahpd while frrfr0 "a r,.rh
Wrangell Island another accidentally
shot and killed himself there. An
other. In the Mackenzie country. went
insane while lost and committed sui.
eide by shooting
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
FATE OF WILMA
IN CRAVE DOUBT

LONDON. Sept. n. s.ts p. ma
Reuter- dispatch from Petrograd saws
The fate OF wilma hangs On the M.
ance The latest letters received
from there state that connadlne o.
heard without interruption day and
NIGHT Bomb drnppine aeroplanes are
constant visitors Three ~ them have
been brought down recently.
Do evacuation of government in.
fNiutions has been completed and FAC.
tories are boinE removed Thouaanos
of workmen already have left The
supply ~ SUGAR bas been exhausted
and The price uf various commodities
has doubled Newspapers have sua.
pended publication
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
BRYAN MAY
BE ENVOY
FOR PEACE
TAKES UNDER AMUSEMENT
REQUEST OF FOREIGN
EDITORS
That He Interview Warning Pow.
ers-May Also Further Peace
Treaty Plans.

WASHINGTON. Sep. william
y. Bryan announced tonight that ne
had taken under advisement a queees.
ton from editors Of foreign Language
new Wspapers published In the United
States that he make a trip 20 Europe
az private peace envoy TO the war.
rinE powers. In statement 10 com.
mittoe of the editors who headed bv
DIT William Fargo. had urged him 10
undertake the task Mr. Bryan iudi.
Gated that he miEht a. least visit neu.
tral European countries in the hone Of
finding there information 20 aid Amer.
lea in the maintaining Of neutrality
and the prevention of n nreuaredncaa
tnnt provokcs rather then prevents
war
Mr.. Bryan's references 20 military
prcrarfdncsa attracted attention in
che capital ln view of possible effect
% biz attitude upon some elements In
The house when the administration .
nrogram Tor sirenTthrniur the nation.
u dcIcnscs d. considered Earlier n
thf day the former secretary Of State
bad Fiven out "a statement declaring
money Tor increased military expcndl
torres wouid b. difficult to secure and
adding
% DO not see fhat there is ans roa.
son for changing the policy of the
country ln fhif respect o
Tho preparedness which lf now boinq
advocated fbr fne National Defence
and Navy LraFurl not only cultivate
t1f pIrIf which leads fo war bm r
intolVca an expenditure which The
people r.N not submit t0 uufraa con.
v.nccd That como nation De- raffrr
rr-dF to attack us and We ranuut rln.
rle out nations and prepare AGAINST
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
DAUGHERTY OUT
FOR U. S. SENATOR
ntslligsnesr Buresu.

=. ColNAnpuNt O.t sept. IT.
Harry NJ. Daugherty today made
formal announcement of his candidacy
AZ the primaries next April for the
Republican nomination for United
States senator.
Both General Charles Dick and
Judge d. d. Woodmansee, OF Cincin-
natl. are active candidates. Exon.
gressman Ralph ID. Cole and Congress
man Simon d. Fess are regarded az
prospective candidates. and Il never
has been established that Ex-Governor
Myron T. Hocyck and Ex-senator The.
odore r. Burton may not yet enter for
the senatorship. though Burton now
clearly Is striving for support as a
presidential candidate.
Daugherty has been member OF
the legislature and Republican state
chairman. In 1912 he forced Repub.
licans 70 take a stand a. between Taft
and Roosevelt. He is a lawyer and is
Interested In business enterprises
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
TWO CONCERNS CAN
RAISE THEIR RATES

CHARLESTON. w. Va. Sep IL
orders have been entered by the Pub
lc Service Commission allowing tho
WadrHioWn Telephone company and
InF ioneumcra Electric Llehf com.
panF of Manninrfon to increase their
rates Tor service NO opposition was
introduced to tho petitions The Lewis.
hurg and honccvcrte Railway com.
pany vac riven permission 90 discon.
finuo friorht service between T.euis.
burg and Ronceverte excepf IN car.
load Tote. me company agreeing 10
run a train Tor smaller ahipmeofs
once each week
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
SPRING WHEAT CAN
BE RAISED HERE

WAsHlNGTON Pa sept 17-Er.
ncr.mcnt9 in raising spring wheat .n
thia section of thc country give prom.
ro or success W T EInr. ID Fraf
FirlcI iownFhlp ihia county. aor.rd
icr bushels of the srair on April 10.
and ou August o hr harvested -g
bushels When eVhlbnod With aiE.
other grades raised ln fhe vest Nr
k'nra grain TOOK second prize
This o. Che frst spring wheat raised
IN this section. and nrmfra REGARD
ff snorcHa 1H r0mnWhaf OF an
achievement and many of fhf arri
r1lfWi7ff are prepared fo SOW 90
ifnfife acrcaFer next spring
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
VON HINDENBURG OCCUPIES
VIDZY ON THE WILMA LINE
CHILD OF FOUR KILLS
GIRL OF SAME AGE

CUMBERLAND. Nd. Sept. H.
Alice Moore. four years old. was In
stantly killed to-day by her cousin.
Anthony McNamee. Of the same age.
The children we're playing in the Nc
Nance home. and Anthony found a
loaded revolver. Placing the weapon
at bis playmate's face. he pulled the
trigger. The bullet passed through
the child's head. and she died In
stantly.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
AUTO UPSETS And
THREE ARE HURT

ST. CLAIRSvILLE. Ohio. Sept n.
-Hershall Thomas. Paul Fowler ana
another man, all Of Lloydsviile. we're
injured Friday morning when an auto
mobile they were riding turned turtle
near mere. The three men were pin
ned under the car. but escaped seri-
Gus injury
The bursting of tire caused the
machine 10 skid and then turn over
slowly Dr y y. Giffen was hurried
70 the spot by several witnesses ow
the accident Thomas who was driv.
ing sustained painful bruises. and ne
other two men escaped with a few
scratches
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18

LATTER OPENS FIRE ACROSS
RIVER WHICH Is RETURNED
THIRTY-FIVE KILLED
IN MINES IN AUGUST

CHARLESTON. w. Va, Sep. H.
Earl Henry. chief of the department of
mines. made a report of 35 deaths in
the mines OF West Virginia caused by
accident during the month OF August.
or this number twenty were killed by
the fall of mine roofs and coal, seven
by mine car accidents. three by explo-
sives, two by locomotives and one
each by railroad cars. mining machine
and electricity. Twelve of the fatali-
ties occurred in Mcdowell county.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
90 IN THE sHAc
HAS HAN FROZEN

ALTOONA, Pa, Sept. ~
Freezing hand with the nner-
eury hovering around 90 de-
erees In the shade 10 the rare
experience Of three-year-oId
Sherman Oodson, whose father
is an Ice cream manufacturer.
The child removed a plug from
an ice cream tub, as he had
seen worknnen DO, and az the
brine ran out he held his hand
In the stream until the little
member was frozen and swoI.
len. u Is not yet determined
whether smputstion will be
necessary.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
Chiffon And
LONG SPEAK
FEATURE PROGRAM ON LAST
DAY OF TYLER COUNTY
HOMECOMING.
Big Week Was a Great Success
and Many Thousands
Enjoyed Event.

Special Dispatch 20 the Intelligence.
MlDDLEBOURNE.W w. Va. Sept. IL.
The Old Home Coming celebration
with the addresses OF State Treasurer
r. l.. Long and United States Sena-
tor w. +. Chiffon closed to-day after
a week OF festivities and enjoyment
About three thousand people were
In attendance to-day. the crowd being
In about the same proportion as the
attendance of yesterday, when ex-
Governor A. lB. White and Fred D.
Blue spoke.
r. l. Long spoke in The morning
His address was short and confined to
expressing his pleasure In attending
the celebration and being back again
among home folk. Mr.. Long is a for
mer Tyler county boy, he was born at
Centervile, and is well liked by Tyler
countians. During the course OF his
talk he touched on the taxation ques.
tion In regard to the magisterial dis
tricts. He said that he favored max.
ing the county as the unit OF taxation
the people paying into one school
seven different districts funds as is
the case today.
Chiffon Talks.
United States Senator w. r. Chit
ton delivered an address this after.
noon. He opened his talk with a ois-
cussion Of the Virginia debt question,
by reviewing the formation OF lhe
state in 1861 He said that Virginia
In asking West Virginia 10 pay Il was
unjust He discussed the European
war and its effects on the United
States in its relations with the foreign
countries. Senator Chiffon Il a good
roads enthusiast and spoke several
minutes on that question. As well as
good roads man he favors woman's
suffrage and hopes for its early vic
tory.
Senator Chiffon cut his address
short this afternoon Dark rain
clouds appeared and the people De.
came restless. But no rain came 70
mar the day.
Another balloon ascension was h ~
this afternoon and the aerOnant
thrilled many by his feat.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
HEALTH SURVEY OF
THE KANAWHA VALLEY

CHARLESTON. W. Va. Sep. IL
Under orders from the United States
Public health service a survey is be-
ing made OF the Great Kanawha valley
by Il. =. Tyburt. and Dr. T v Thomp-
son. of Cincinnati The survey At this
time was directed because OF the prev
alence OF typhoid fever in this valley.
It Il expected that the work Of these
experts viii result IN measures being
taken 20 eradicate typhoid IN this
section.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
RECOGNIZE HAITI

WASHINGTON, Sep f7-fornnsl
recognition has been accorded By the
United 6tstea 10 the new government
IN AHA. beaded b. President D'ArtL
duenaVs
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18
ONE CARRANZA SOLDIER FA-
TALLY WOUNDED AND
OTHERS INJURED.
Lieutenant Glass Heads Detach.
ment and Is Fired Upon
Battle Short
sRoWNsvILLE. rexa.. See. az

BROWNSVILLE, Texas, Sep. ~
Twenty American esvalrymen
fought on the outskirts Of Browns
Vile for half an hour with Mexi-
cans on the opposite bank OF the
river. After the fiaht one carran-
IA soldier was taken to Mata-
nnoros, probably fatally wounded
but tonight carranzs officers en-
phatleally denied that any OF their
men Joined IN the battle. Colonel
A. p. Blockson, American COM
nnander At Fort Brown here, re-
ported 10 Major General Funston,
At San Antonio tonight that the
heSieans started the firing near
Brownsville.
The trouble at Brownsville be-
gan when Juan Diego, a Mexican
resident Of Brownsville, reported
10 Colonel Bloeksonn that for two
or three days snlpers on the Mexi-
can side had been shooting into
his ranch on the river front. This
morning Diego said a bullet struck
his house and another killed one
of his horses. Colonel Blocksonn
sent Lieutenant E. L. NJ. Glass
with a detachment Of troop c.
Third cavalry 70 investigate. Ar.
rivina az the Diego ranch house
Lieutenant Glass heard a shot
near the river.
He divided his command into
two squads, sending one up the
river and himself leading the 9th
er down the river. Glass himself
went out upon the river where
half a dozen rifles opened fire on
him and Glass replied with a pis-
tel while his men came forward
on = run, opening fire on the
Mesfcsns.
Run 70 Cover.
The fighting died down when n
Glass detachment had used a fe
'ounds.f His men reported that IN,
saw two Mexicans run to cover. ar
,lso reported they could see seven
light other men approaching fror- I
he river on the Mexican side Ho'
,ver. before these reinforcement
the Mexican position the
we're engaged by the detachmel
which Glass had sent up the rive
Then a lull came and two Mexics
1fhcers rode mp on horses. waviI
heir swords Glass stepped fro
cover. signalling that he wished
Ccontanusd on Page renJ
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18

WhaHrunTON. SEPT rrrsrasff
Wenf Tiri1-ar rartlV cloudy aafnr-
nnvf Hundav fnfr
ONO arf Wsafrfr reunarfv vsnfa- rair
aatur1aT and rrohshlg nundar.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-09-18

toouunusd On Psgs renl
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1915-10-28
NEITHER EAST NoR WEST LIMITATIONS

HE find the Halifax
IN past proves
Of the
Belmont Buckeye and Tonoph East End bodies
which a depth
The Bonanza, while silver while
spection
Tonopah ssues
publicity will
have its thorough
properties and viii readers
situation
inning rather enagng properties
that viii disappointed
trc
production
augmented with
o. oc andt he amoun Of
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1915-10-28
TAKE PRECAUTIONS WIEN SEASONS CHANGE

WTTH the changing Of the there disappearance
w form of physical maady
sprngme intestinal
diet viii
when
particularly
should such dread diseases
maady fatal successfully
eobatted taken medical
the first prevent by
the disease
article
be epidemic
community conserved
condition dominant
Of prey
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1915-10-28

II fulfilling mission good
to the It's policy
the OF in
his ap-
pecated.
anyway valuations
augmented that like Of
little inconsequenal rotten borough
The commission politically
sngs and
line permit any friendship
personal or political evidence
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1915-10-28

and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Leader
Zppems hardly hTow
n England wihOuthi IondonDalas
n feel
reasonably somewhere
100000 men
population Zeppelin warfare
an Chronicle
would spirit and make
hopeless gs-Delroi Free Press
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1915-10-28

ToNoPNH GYPSY QUEEN MINING
COMPANY

Location Of principal place 81 bus
fness and location Gs works. Fonopan,
Nyr County, Nevada
Notice is hereby given that AZ
meeting 0f the board Of directors held
Sd the zsrd day VI September. 1915. an
assessment GN0. ~ 81 one tlA cent per
share was levied upon the capital stock
80 the corporation, payable Immediately
iB United States gold coin. 10 the Sec
Rotary. az the Office Of the Company,
Room -e5 Russ Building san Fran
ci-1g. California
ANY stock upon which fhls assess
meut shall remain unpaid on tHe -sth
dag OF October 1918. viii be- delinquent
and advertised Tor sale at public auc-
zion, and unless payment Is made be-
fore viii be sold on Monday tie sth
day 10 December, 1918. TO pay the de-
unqueut assessment, together with the
costs o. advertising and expenses Of
sale
BY order OF the Board OF Directors
CHARLES y, OLNEY. Secretary
Office Room 2s5 Russ Building san
Francisco. California S50tOzs
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1915-10-28
CLIPPED AND CREDITED

mocrat
popular ears-phfadephia
Ledger
The British wumbagas syracuse
Standard.
Well certainly his Serbian drive well of the Chicago
Evening
How long viii Greeian neutrality hold against Bulgarian
Ledger
hphens
Evening Wisconsin
officially de-
MED Still, natural born nlmor-Toledo
civilizations fighting qualities
Bulgarian, a tough looking
they
after growing up.-Washngon
Football
begins totter, the endsToledo
The tryto
swallow the choked to deahForda TimesUnlon
ought
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1915-10-28
THE TRUE EFFECT

NoU will remember said
tariff which
the Democrats
have cheaper Then
higher
The help
the sl5,0O0000 deficit each month available
This legislation
The Colorado statesman., 1915-10-09
A
LEAVE SOFIA
RUSSIAN, FRENCH, BRITISH AND
ITALIANS ASK FOR PASS
PORTS.
3,OOOGERMAN OFFICERS
GIVEN COMMANDS IN THE AC-
TIVE ARMY OF BULGARIA..
-estern Newspaper Union Nens Service

Western Newspaper Union News Service
London, Oct. 6.-The Greek crisis,
and the severance of diplomatic rela-
tions between Russia and Bulgaria are
the absorbing features of the war.
The Russian, French, British and
Italian ministers at Sofia, soon after
he presentation of Bulgaria's reply to
the Russian ultimatum, requested their
passports from the Bulgarian govern
ment on the ground that the reply was
unsatisfactory. This was followed by
similar request by the Serbian min
lister.
The Times Saloniki correspondent
in dispatch dated last Tuesday says:
The landing of the allied troops be-
gan this morning and still continues.
1t is reported that the Bulgarian au-
thorities, for strategic reasons, have
ordered the evacuation by the civil
population of all towns and villages on
the coast of Thrace. Three thousand
German officers, it is stated, have ar
rived in Bulgaria. All received COM
mands in the active army. The pro-
ject for the transfer of the Ottoman
capital to Brusa has caused dispute
between the German staff and the
Turkish crown prince Yushof IZzedin,
who opposed the idea. Although there
is heavy fighting on the western and
eastern battle fronts, the latest moves
on the diplomatic chess board in the
Balkans-moves which admittedly will
have an important bearing in the
great world war game-are holding
the attention of the universe
Divided by the avowed determine
ton of the King of Greece not to as
sent to'the ultimate policy of Premier
Venizelos and majority of the Par
Lament that Greece should come to
the aid of Serbia, her treaty ally, the
populace of the Hellenic kingdom has
taken sides for and against the war.
King Constantine has asked Alexan
der Zaimos, former premier, to form
a Cabinet.
Whether King Constantine will be
able TO keep his country out of the
meshes of the war against the wishes
of the followers of Venizelos is still to
| be answered.
Behind Constantine is said to be the
Greek general staff and the court
party.
The Colorado statesman., 1915-10-09
Navy's Tests Successful.

Washington. Sept 3O.-Navy Depart
ment officials were enthusiastic today
over the experiments resulting for the
first time in transcontinental wireless
telephone communication.
By this means the human voice was
successfully transmitted yesterday
from the Arlington wireless plant to
the Mare Island, Cal, naval station, a
distance of $500 miles.
This achievement, together with the
successful operation of a device for
automatically transferring to the radio
telephone conversations originating on
metallic circuits was accomplished aft.
er extended tests conducted by direc.
ton of Captain Bullard, chief of the
navy's radio service, in cooperation
with the American Telephone and
Telegraph Company and the Western
Electric Company
President Theodore N. Vail and
other officials of the American Tele-
phone and Telegraph Company at New
York, conversed for several minutes
in clear, distinct tone, with the Mare
Island station, the conversation being
transmitted over an ordinary metallic
line from New York TO Arlington, and
thence by radio across the continent.
The Colorado statesman., 1915-10-09
Emperor Francis josef IN.

Rome.--It is said on good authority
here that Emperor Franz-Josef of
Austria is dangerously i'll and that the
crown prince has been called to
Vienna. Baron Won Burian, the Aus
tro-IIungarian foreign minister, and
Count Tisza the Hungarian premier,
also have been called to the capital.
The news, it is stated, has been kept
secret for fear of the influence it
might have upon the international
situation
The Colorado statesman., 1915-10-09
To Teach Household Economy.

Denver,-Members of the Denver
Woman's club will invite the cooks
and maids of the city into their own
homes this winter in order to help
them to learn economical ways in the
management of houses. Friendly help
along the right direction will do much
TO make the house maids work
pleasure instead of drudgery. DR.. Lii
lian Pollock, chairman of the clubs
department of social science, said at
meeting of the club
We have made plans to take these
girls into our own kitchens and help
and encourage them in every way we
can" DR.. Pollock said. Our domes-
tic science school for working girls
will be run as usual, the sessions open
ing every Thursday afternoon at 2
o'clock in the Gas and Electric build
ing. Economy is our watchword this
year and the girls who come to the
school will be taught how to cook
food which the majority of the people
Of Denver can afford to buy"
The Colorado statesman., 1915-10-09
PRESIDENT WILSON TO WE'D.
Engagement to Mrs. Norman Gait An
nounced at White House.

Washington. Oct. 6.-Woodrow VIII
son, President of the United States
announced tonight his engagement to
Mrs. Norman Gait of Washington. The
date of the wedding has not been
fixed, but it probably will take place
in December at the home of the bride
elect
The brief announcement from the
White House made by Secretary
Tumulty came as a surprise to Off
cial Washington, but to a number oi
intimate friends it has long been ex.
pected.
From this circle came tonight the
story of friendship whose culmina,
ton was viewed as a happy turn in
the troubled and lonely life of the ma
tion's chief executive.
The Colorado statesman., 1915-10-09
STATE VALUE BILLION
STATE TAX COMMISSION MAKES
REPORT OF ASSESSMENTS
TO TREASURER.
Commission Adds s255, ,444 500 to Fig.
ures of the Local
Assessors.

Denver.-The total assessed yalua-
ton OF property in the state of Colo
rado, according to the statement fin
ished by the state tax commission,
and which was presented to the state
board of equalization on Monday is
l,244,790,554. OF this amount the To-
cal assessments returned TO the com
mission amounted to s9S9 9,346,054 To
this the state body added s255,44l, 500
property assessed by it, making the
grand total as indicated above.
The increases in the various county
assessments made by the tax commits
sion are as follows.