davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
BREEDING TERMS.
Meaning Of the Designations Applied to
Descent of Animals.


Descent Of Animals.
A pedigree is the record of the breed
ing Of the animal. II gives the regis
tered name and registered number Of
the animals ancestry for a considera-
BILE number Of generations. says the
Kansas Farmer. Pure bred animals
are those only which have pedigrees
In the case Of dairy animals the ON
cial records OF females are included In
the pedigree. In the case Of males the
number OF heifers attaining distinction
In milk production are shown. In the
case Of both beef and dairy cattle the
pedigree is not only certificate Of
pure breeding, but Is an index to the
breeding value Of the animal by max
ing a matter OF record the accomplish
ments Of the ancestry.
A crossbred animal is the offspring
Of a pure bred sire Of one breed and
pure bred dam of different breed.
Grade animals are usually those OF
which one OF the parents Is pure bred
and the other a scrub" or at least an
animal not pure bred. This Is the gen
eral meaning However. the offspring
Of grade parents would be grade also.
The term high grade applies to an
animal from pure bred sire and from
a dam that has much pure blood. How
ever, In the case OF both grade and
pure bred the conditions might be re-
versed and the dam be pure bred and
the sire grade. This. however. is not
usual A high grade herd OF Jerseys
for instance. would mean ordinarily
that a pure bred sire had been used
on herd OF common cows and that an
other pure bred sire had been used on
the heifers resulting from the use OF
the first sire. etc. The term high grade
begins to apply to the animals which
have seven -eighths Of pure breeding or
the result OF the third pure bred cross.
The term high grade is usually used In
connection with the systematic breed
ing up from common stock.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
POULTRY KEEPERS READ THIS
We publish below communication from Mr.. Hickey State
Agent in Poultry Club Work
SEN Kin or conne the Rooster Beginning May 80 1915

Because ROSTERS are allowed TO
run with laying hens during warm
weather si5OOO.OOO worth OF eggs
are lost TO the farmers throughout
the United States each year; and
most OF this loss occurs during
June, July and August. For this
reason raisers OF poultry are earn
estly asked and urged TO kill or sell
,all matured males or cOnflne them in
pens away from the laying hens
during the summer. Eggs that are
laid by hens not mated are sterile or
infertile, and do not decay. The
fortified eggs spoil very quickly
when subjected 10 the influence OF
heat, and il they are left too long in
the nests or under broody hens or
are left in any very warm place the
germ cells begin 10 develop, the
chicks begin 10 grow. These grow
ing cells may die at any stage OF de-
velopment due TO unfavorable con-
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
FOR PROPER CITY PLANNING
Authority Makes Assertion That
Beauty and Commercial Prosperity
Go Hand In Hand.

There is no reason why our cities
should not be sensibly planned. There
is no reason why they should be al
lowed to run wild and grow without
care and scientific regulation. There
Is no reason why commercial consid-
erations should ruin the beauty OF
city, and there Is no reason why con-
siderations OF beauty should interfere
with its commercial prosperity" So
said Arnold w. Drummer Of New York
city at the annual convention OF the
American Civic association in Wash
ington when he responded to the sub
ject. "Our Surroundings and Their In
fiuence." Continuing, Mr.. Drummer
said: There is every reason why
these two considerations should go
hand in hand and supplement each
other. They do so when we destroy a
slum. and let In light and decency,
when we open up a congested district
and replace mass OF disgraceful tene-
ments by a playground. when modern
harbor improvements supersede old
wharves and neglected water fronts.
We must make II clear that city plan
ming properly understood. is intended
to prevent blighted districts: to pre-
vent the ruin of our streets; to pre-
vent the spoliation Of our parks and
squares. We must make II clear that
II is not only a good financial invest
ment but that II brings direct return
In the improvement Of the welfare.
comfort and happiness Of the citizen. I
believe that our newer ideas Of social
Justice will produce better cities. Cities
will be cleaner. healthier. more beauti-
full. for even the unframed already feel
that their rights are not recognised
and realize vaguely that their sensibili-
ties are hurt BY unsightiy surround
ings. The outside Of the other fellows
house Is OF more importance to us than
that OF our own. and he must consider
US a. We must consider him.
The future American cities viii be
beautiful AID iRapltnx. and MaehinE
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
HOLD cHILDREN'S INTEREST
Garden Cultivation Has Proved Great
Success In the City Of
Albany, N. Y.

At the annual convention of the
American Civic association Mrs. John
T. d. Blackburn Of Albany, N. Y, told
a most interesting story Of Children
at Work In Gardens" in her home city.
where. during the past two or three
years, thousands of children have been
interested to develop flower and vege-
table gardens about their homes. At
the close OF each summer session
garden exhibit is held where are dis
played the best selections of flowers
and vegetables. plants grown In pots
from seeds and plants grown In win
dow boxes. Awards are made to the
children for the best efforts. Concern
ing this kind Of activity for children.
Mrs. Blackburn said: Gardening gave
increased health and knowledge OF ma
ture. and furnished a continuous inter-
est through the summer. giving a pur-
pose to life. II kept the children at
home and on the streets. promoted q
common interest In the family and re-
duced the cost OF living"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20

ditions.
Whether the embryo dies or not,
the egg is useless as food and unfit
for market. II the wives of the
farmers would once realize how
much money they practically lose
by allowing the ROSTERS 10 run with
the layers, they would Immediately
stop the practice. Not one egg more
is produced with a male running
with a flock OF hens than without
one. and unless the ROSTERS are
valuable as breeders, il is far better
TO dispose OF them at the end Of the
breeding season and replace them
with the younger stock the following
spring. II we follow this plan we
can always have good, strong, Wig
orous cockerels tyoung roostersl for
breeders. and at the same time get
rid Of the care OF non-prOducers.
Let us at least make the most OF
what we possess.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
SECURE GOOD ALFALFA CROP
Use Commercial Fertilizers In Expert.
mental Way Until Local Condi-
lions Are Determined.

There are doubtless many condi-
tons under which commercial fer
tilizers judiciously applied. may prof
itably be used to stimulate more
vigorous growth OF alfalfa both in new
and old seedlings but the idea that Is
more or less prevalent that CONNER
cial fertilizers may be used to immedi-
ately make any soil productive is a
fallacy. Commercial fertilizers should
be applied in an experimental way
until the farmer has learned what may
best be used under local conditions.
be needed for alfalfa, but on others
II is absolutely essential to the sue
cessful growing OF this crop. 1t is well
TO apply lime on a portion Of the field
when seeding alfalfa for the first time,
especially II difficulty has been exper-
fenced In growing clover. or II there
is any other indication Of an acid
soil.
Much care should be exercised In
the purchase OF seed to avoid the In
PRODUCTION OF noxious weed seeds on
the farm. II dodder is introduced 1t
should be thoroughly eradicated be-
fore It goes to seed. even at the ex-
penss OF destroying the stand Of al
falfa
Do not seed a large acreage OF al
falfa at the first attempt. A small
acreage should be seeded under as
favorable conditions as possible and
this increased after some experience
has been gained In growing this crop.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
FEEDING GRAIN TO
DAIRY CALVES

calves should be placed on a grain
diet as soon after they are weaned
from skimmilk as they can be taught
to eat II, says correspondent Of
Hoards Dairyman. There Is no better
food for young calves than whole milk
from the COW. but It IL too expensive
to feed any longer than is absolutely
necessary. Skimmllk also IL an excel.
lent food when II Is properly balanced
by grain.
The mixture have found the most
satisfactory Is about two parts Of
crushed oats and one part Of ollmeal.
This II also comparatively cheap
food. The calves soon learn to like It,
and they do nicely on IT, | grind the
oats quite fine with a mill operated
by gasoline engine. Two hundred
pounds Of oats are thoroughly mixed
with 100 pounds Of oilmeal.
give the calf whole milk for the
first three days. Then begin to sub
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
THE cow PEA

The cowpca can be grown in all
parts ~ the country. II will grow
ON any soil not too wet, and in most
climates free from frost during two
months. It's stalks and leaves make
fine hay, the best ~ temporary pas
ture and most excellent green ma
nurr. II affords one Of the richest
kinds Of forage for all farm animals.
The cowpca ought 60 be grown
more by all our mountain farmers
because il makes more hay per acre
than any grasses grown in the
mountains. n is an easy crop TO
grow. either cultivated or broadcast.
We are glad 10 see so many farm
ers with cowpca hay on their farms
now. Their COWS are producing
more milk. the young cattle are
fattcr and the mules are meaner
than IL they didn't have the cow
pea hay. n YOU haven't tried any
cowpea hay for your stock grow
some next summer and notice the
results as given above.
Different varieties produce plants
Of widely different habits; some
erect and shrub shaped. others with
long trailing, climbing vines. Some
ripen seed within two months from
planting. others require three, four
and five months for their maturity.
The variety for planting is to be Sc
lectcd according to the use to which
the crop is to be put, and the time
Of planting.
Cowpcas are more or less mixed
making il hard proposition to get
clean pure variety. The Whip
poor-will is considered an early pea.
One Of the best varieties for late
planting and growing between corn
rows. The Clay pea is a later pea
than the Whip-poor-will, tall erect,
large, dark green leaves, stems OF
vigorous growth, medium to late in
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
INJURY BY THE PEAR NUDGE
Small Two-wineed Fly Lays its EGGS
In Cluster AZ BIossornIna Time
No Cure Known.

(By W. BRfTTOND
The adult pear nudge, which 10 90
destructive to young pears In many
sections. Is a small two-winged ny
which lays its eggs In the cluster at
blossomins time. Larvae are some
times found at the base OF the calyx
at the time the petals fall. and they
soon work their way into the young
fruit. The infested pears can nearly
always be detected on account Of
their more globular. and later lop-
sided shape, while the normal-shaped
fruits are free from maggots. The
infested pears usually crack open
after a rain before the pears drop.
When fully grown the maggots are
about one-eighth OF an inch in length.
They grow into the ground and form
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
Avoid Straioht Lines.

The third. and last. Of the great
fundamental rules OF landscape design.
avoid straight lines" Is, in the opin-
ion OF the writer. OF almost as great
importance as the first and chief rule
which the greatest authorities have
laid down for governing our garden
planning. AS the average young lady
says OF everything that meets her APP
prevail: 1T is Just too cute for any
thing" II permits the entry Of more
art In detail than all other rules com
bined, and provides for intricacy OF de-
sign; ease OF approach. access without
apparent restraint. and availability of
all parts without departure from the
shortest line between two given
points." Compliance with this rule ID
accomplished with more pleasure than
In dealing with any other. yet Il is Q
dangerous dictate for the novice or
amateur 70 deal with.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
Profit In Live Stock.

Live stock raising requires diversified
farming. the kind that produces an
abundance OF feed for the animals. II
Is q mistake to attempt to raise anil
mails when the feed must be bought at
present prices. Where both feed and
animals are raised on the farm you
have two opportunities for making prof
it-one on the feed and another on the
live stock-and IN case you "break
even" on both the manure Is still left
to maintain the fertility OF the soil.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20

minute oval cells in which they
pupate, and from which the adults
emerge the following spring. There Is
one brood each.
No remedy treatment is positively
known other than gathering and de-
stroying the infested pears before the
maggots leave them. This is compare
lively simple becaused the infested
pears are so easily distinguished from
the healthy fruit.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE
Conducted Mr. Spence Farm and Special
Investigator

| rlpenlnR. There are 0ther varieties
such as Unknown or Wonderful,
New Era, Iron. Black, Taylor, Red
Ripper, and many others. The
Whip-poor-will is the standard var
iety and gives splendid results.
= Thorough preparation OF the soil
before planting is as profitable for
cowpeas as for any other crop; the
greater the care in this respect, the
greater the yield and self-satisfac-
ton at harvesting time.
We found out on the Berea State
Experiment Field that lime and
phosphoric acid produced splendid
crop. We used other fertilizers but
this combination seemed TO suit the
crop there. To promote the heav-
lest growth use some fertilizer. If
YOU haven't the fertilizer nor can't
get IL, remember that peas won't go
back on you. they will greatly pay
you for your efforts even on the
poorest soil.
Cowpcas may be planted when
ever the ground is warm enough to
plant beans or melons.
Drill-planting requires less seed
and more cultivation, and the yield
is usually heavier than when sown
broadcast. II pays 60 try them both
ways.
When saved for hay the crop
should be handled like red clover
,o some extent The hay should be
thoroughly dry before stacking or
hauling 10 the barn. II pays 20 take
care Of the cowpea hay il II does
take longer 10 cure out. When you
yet II in your barn in good shape
is the best hay you have and will
make more fat animals, more butter,
more milk. and by doing so places
more money in the pocket book,
sends more children TO school and
raises the standard Of citizenship
i'm the community.
Seed stored for winter should be
treated at the time Of storing. with
an ounce Of carbon bisulphide to
each bushcl to prevent injury by
wccvils. This treatment should be
repeated in the spring if the seed is
kept until summer.
The cOwpca is one of the best
plants for temporary pastures, and
by a proper selection Of varieties,
gives good grazing from early sum-
mer until late fall. As a grazing
crop, like the soy bean, IL is espec-
tally valuable for producing milk,
growing young stock especially
pigs and fattening all kinds OF an
finals.
The cowpea is one Of the most
effective fertilizing plants. II draws
its nitrogen from the air, and in this
way obtains and stores this expen-
sive element in the soil.
The soy bean and the cowpea are
the two plants to raise on your farm
this year. Try an acre or five acres
Of each, then report TO your neigh
Dor or county agent the results
after feeding next winter. You
can't grow a more profitable crop
for hay than these two plants.
Buy your seed early and save the
war tax"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
1gskbaR1sEsSAFabs
Apples will keep better wrapped In
paper and stored In q cool cellar.

Apples will keep better wrapped In
paper and stored In q cool cellar.
Put q little sand over carrots. beets
or other roots to prevent drying out
Sheep require plenty OF salt. II
should be available for them at all
times.
II does not pay to forget to oil the
windmill. II II Is sQueaking look
after It.
Prune the grape vines as soon as the
leaves fall. They will then be ready
to cover with earth.
Cockerels should be caponized when
about three months old. II pays to op-
crate only on the layer breeds.
Never handle duck or goose by the
wings or legs. Always grasp It by the
neck when obliged to pick 1t up.
A young three-pound rooster ought
to feel pretty proud Of himself when
he can bring go cents on the market.
Pick up and burn all twigs and
branches that have dropped from the
trees. since they may contain injurious
insects.
Prepare to lay the grapes and berry
bushes down and cover them with dirt.
They are more likely to winter well II
this Is done.
Where only q few cabbages are TO
be stored II Is q good plan to wrap
the heads In newspapers and put them
on shelves In q cool cellar.
Pumpkins and squash should be
stored In q cool. dry place. II stored In
. hot place. they will lose weight
quickly. Keep them from frost
The greatest profits come nom sgg
production. where the poultry Keeper
has worked up Q private trade snd o.
hvsrs two or three times weekly.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
Paint Adds TO Appearances.

All buildings and appliances on the
farm will be improved greatly. both
In appearance and In serviceability. BY
ths addition Of paint. One may buy
resdy-mixed paints. or may purchase
paste pigments and oil and mix them.
All surfaces should be clean and dry
before they are painted. Use q priin-
Ing coat made OF equal parts OF paint
and linseed oil and cover with one or
moro coats OF paint. which should be
thoroughly rubbed into the surface.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20

ton will lead them all. When the
L'Enfant plan is pushed further. as 1t
surely will be. the Lincoln memorial
finished, and the glorious mall. lined
with dignified buildings. sweeps
up to the capitol as q
climax. we shall have scene, . back
ground worthy Of a great nation"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
Model Of Yoss mite Valley.

According to the bulletin OF the
American Geographical society. .
large relief model OF the Yosemite val.
ley 10 being constructed at the once
OF public roads In Washington. for
the government exhibit al the Panama
Pacific exposition.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20
Combination Of Property Owners.

Combination Of Property Owners.
A general maintenance tar OF two
mills per square foot. which amounts
to "a per year on lot 20 by 100 feet,
besides the regular city tar. must be
paid by lot owners In . section OF
Philadelphia. This special assessment
Is for the upkeep of the property. and
is applied towards the cost OF gar
bage collection. snow cleaning. light
ing. maintaining the park and sew
erage system, replanting trees and
shrubbery. cleaning vacant lots. and
repairing streets and sidewalks. The
fund Is administered By . company
and assures the lot owner that all
repairs In streets and sidewalks will
be promptly made when needed. and
will not be subject 70 the idiosyn-
crasiss Of private ownership or the
slow methods OF municipal Depart
ments.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20

The Ayrshire COW is Of Scotch orr
gin and is coming into prominence
In all parts OF North America. II
ranks among the foremost of the
recognized dairy breeds. Official
and competitive tests have shown
the Ayrshire TO be an economical
producer Of milk and butter yield
ing "A large amount for the food
consumed. Ayrshires are strong
and healthy, with plenty of vitality.
The illustration shows an Ayrshire
COW OF the best type
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20

The hogs should be separated accord
Ing to age and size or else the larger
and stronger animals win hog" al the
feed
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20

Pumpkins and squash should be
stored In cool. dry place. II stored In
. hot place. they will lose weight
quickly. Keep them from frost
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20

The greatest profits come nom sgg
production. where the poultry Keeper
has worked up Q private trade and o.
hvsrs two or three times weekly.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-05-20

Prepare to lay the grapes and berry
bushes down and cover them with dirt.
They are more likely to winter well II
this Is done.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1915-09-11
NOTICE OF CONTRACT.

Notice is hereby given that bids are invited
and will be received by the Sea Wall Commits
sion of District No. /, Hancock county Miss,
for the construction OF a concrete sea wall on
the beach front OF Waveland Miss, from the
Bay st. Louis Waveland divitfiag line to the
northeast line of Wayeland Terrace.
The said sea wall 70 be not less than 1900 feet,
nor more than $500 feet, and the sealed bids to
be received at any time, and opened by the Sea
Wall Commission on WEDNESDAY,, SEPTEM-
BER TWENTY-NINTH, 1915, at the office of
Robert L. Genin, Esq, in Main street, at Bay
ST Louis, Mississippi, at 1880 O'Clock Nj; sealed
bids can be mailed to President of Commission
Any and all parties desiring to bid ON the work
can get copy OF the plans rhd specifications
from Charles q. Moreau, at Bay ST. Louis, Miss.
or from Charles w. Shepard. $40 Union street
New Orleans, La. The contract to be given
to the lowest bidder, and the successful
bidder to make bond for ten per cent of the
total amount of the iwotk for the faithful per-
formance thereof; either an Individual bond or a
turety bond. The Commission seserves the
right to reject any and all bids.
CHAS. q. MOREAU, President
SeDtembeF g.. l9f5.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1915-09-11
TRUSTEES SALE

BY virtue OF authority conferred upon me
and under the provisions of a certain deed Ot
trust made by Sidney Davis aud Lulu Davis
dated January 10th. 1912, to secure certain in.
debtedness to E. N. Haas, and which deed OF
trust Is recorded in Volume 8, pages 3O8-3IO, OF
on land in the Chancery Clerks office of Han
cock county, Miss, l, the undersigned, will, on
MONDAY, THE 4TH DAY OF OCTOBER, 1915,
sell at public outcry to the highest bidder for
cash, before the front door of the court house of
said county and State, within legal hours, the
following described lands:
Lots and of Block l, Tiprja,s Subdivision
of Lot 176, Third Ward. Town ii WayeIand, as
per file In Chaneery Clerks c. Being the
pin and recorded in Chancery CLERKS once In
Book BIO, pages 612 and 613.
Said property being sold to satisfy the debt
secured by said deed of trust, together with
COSTS the conditions of said deed of trust having
been broken and the trustee requested by the
holder OF the note to foreclose.
GEO. r. REA, Trustee.
Bay ST. Louis, Miss, September II. 1915