davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20
U. S. Department Of Labor On
Job and Candidates for Citi-
zenship Tutored.
ELIMINATE HYPHEN
rs CHIEF PURPOSE
Schools of Duluth and Range
Towns Thrown Open to
New Americans

The plan of the bureau of natural
ization of the u. s. department Of
labor to enlist the cooperation of the
public schools in the ~~education of
candidates for citizenship and in the
elimination Of the hyphen is receiving
widespread support in St. Louis
county. Announcement has previously
been made of the opening of schools
Htbbing. Duluth and Virginia are the
latest recruits to. join the ranks of
over 400 other cities and towns
throughout the United States that
have enlisted in this campaign.
Assistant Superintendent w. H.
Schillins, of the Duluth public schools,
has advised the bureau of naturaliza-
ton the night schols of that city
opened Oct. and will continue until
March 26, 1915. Glasses which may
be attended by foreign-born persons
are held in the Central high, Monroe,
Irving and Stowe schols. instruction
Is given in elementary and advanced
English, in citizenship and naturaliza-
ton, in sew1ns, and in commercial
and primary schoi subjects.
The communication Of Superintend-
ent P: P. Colgrove, of the Virginia
public schools, states that his night
schools opened Oct. 4, and that the
Roosevelt. Northside and Technical
buildings are available for the In
struction of students in English for
foreigners, in civics, and in United
States history. Thus far 800 pupils
of foreign birth have been enrolled.
The extent of the field for the edu-
cation Of foreigners is indicated by
the following, figures taken from the
latest federal census:
The foreign-born white population
of Duluth in 1910 was 30,652, or 80
per of the total population. OF this
number 1868 were males who had
attained their majority and only 1883
were shown to have been naturalized.
/ In Virginia there were at that time
5,340 foreign born; " 1iftee peraons, :. 81
81 per cent Of the total population.
The number of foreign born males OF
| voting age was 1897, Of whom only
| 95S were naturalized.
! OF the entire population Of Duluth
| 10. years old and over in 1910, "a
/ per. cent were illiterate. Among tht
| foreign-born. whites 5,4 per cent were
illiterate as compared with 0.3 pei
cent among the native whites. The
percentages Of illiteracy in .Virginis
were 10 for the total population
1913 for foreign-born whites, and O.:
! for native whites.
In 1 90 there were ip the city o1
Duluth 4,339 persons 10 years of age
and over who were unable to speal
the English language, as compared
with 1892 in 1900, showing an in
| crease of 1852 per cent in 10 years
The figures for Virginia under thi:
head are not available.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20

every the county treasurer pays il
theless. ~. T. -,
It's pegged into the shoes he wears; it's hidden in
bis rent receipt it's much part Of his food as the
chemicals which compose it, it's woven into his gar
ments it's smelted into the steel he pays for the
process time he railroad ticket visits
landlord In skyscraper. . - : . ".@
r. This tax question is much part of the great
labor problem is the Immediate question of living
wage shorter hours Of labor wholesome working con-
dltions. = ..:::t. .. TAX.
The trouble with the average aborer is that the
tenn Of compelling him to pay high tribute for the sup
port Of government is indirect, he does it.
81 But it is there and he can not escape it any more
than he escape death. 10. -. r,,.-.
s. Tep millions year directly exacted in St. Louis
county from 10000 people to conduct schools build
roads provide for public safety and pay the salaries
public employees! That's what it costs " =: - =:
G. And this vast amount of money is levied by men
ELECTED to office by the people who pay the taxes.
$50 if believe that it is costing too much money
ta conduct several governments, have none to
blame but ourselves ., -
It may be that we have not realized until now how
great the cost has been few workngmen and others
who manage to little money and put it in homes
OF their own have fair idea for it hits them directly
but the great is slow to it, The who levy
the taxes know this fact better than they anything
else.:
The time is at hand for awakening of the people.
They must be told the truth An analysis of the ex-
pendtures should be made and published.
IL It is not enough to publish the amounts that the
county and each subdivision require, but it should be
shown how such are expended and for what purposes
E detailed statement, prepared that the average
man will understand it, would furnish most interesting
reading.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20

CONVENTION WANTS =. ,
. MERCHANT MARINE
Asks Governor of Utah. to Reopen
Hillstrom Case-Socialists \
Hiss Church Defender.

The convention of the American
Federation Of Labor at San. Francisco
will adjourn Saturday after the cleo
ton of officers. It is predicted that
Samuel Gompefs will be reelected
President, without opposition. There
will be no fight. over the elected Of
Frank Morrison as secretary.
1t is. also expected that most OF the
present members. Of the Executive
Council will be reelected by .unani-
nous vote. *. .r =. >
This has been busy week for the
convention. One of it's most import
ant actions was in asking the Cover:
nor of Utah to reopen the case Of
Joe Hill, who is. to be shot at sun
rise tomorrow in the Utah state pri-
son. President Wilson was also
asked to use his, good offices to in
duce the Governor of Utah to reopen
the case. Hills real name is Hill
strom. ,l
Tom Mooney: secretary of the in
ternational Workers Defense League,
told the delegates in a ten-minute ad-
dress Tuesday the story of the
Hill case. He said that Hill was
accused of killing a storekeeper
named Morrison and his son.
- A Fatal Coincidence.
He declared that Hill had been
wounded on the night of the Morri-
son murder, but that Hill got his
wound in the home of a. married
woman whose name Hill is concealing
facing death rather than to publicly
disgrace her.
He said that the coincidence was
the cause of Hills predicament -
He declared that the states case
was a frame-up and that the state
witnesses who identified Hill in con-
nection with the Morrison murder
had been taught their story. These
same witnesses, he said. having been
unable to identify Hill at earlier. dates.
: Ar American merchant rines to
be manned by American seamen under
conditions which would make them
an effective naval reserve. was fav-
ored in a resolution passed by the
convention. 49,. ...,. +.
A petition to congress, asking en-,
actment of a law that would prohi-
bit contractors from employing alien
labor .on all government work in pref
erence to American citizens In the
United States and it's. territorial pos
sessions was authorized.
Whether a resolution should recite
that it is the christian" duty of the
nation to help unfortunates is among
the matters which the resolution.
committee will have to- discuss. A re-
solution. so worded was referred out
by the committee, only to be- sent
back after some debate, in which it
was stated that the churches missed
Continued on Page. 8. -, -.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20

agree to arbitration. but the COM
panies have remained. firm in their re-
fusal to yield an inch or to agree to
any manner OF arbitration of differ
ences.
Companies Feed Deserters.
A unique feature of the strike is the
establishment by the companies at
Duncan, a~town about IS miles from
the district, >of a~"refugee camp, At
this camp are welcomed all who find
it uncomfortable to remain in the
strike zone owing either to their re-
fusal to stand with the strikers or be-
cause Of their open1 support. s..ef the
companies, There are perhaps 1900
to- 400 refugees In this camp. most
Of them former employees Of the COM
panies,: though any one from the dis
trict ,is taken in, the companies claim,
no questions asked and all grocery
supplies furnished by the companies
The department Of labor is; repre-
sentad by Joseph, s. Myers, who has
for several weeks been making a thor
ough investigation into the strike and
the conditions that led up to- it. The
strikers hope for much from q federal
investigation Of the trouble, for which
they have petttioned and which has
been ordered by the department Of
labor They have also sought to get
the managers to-. agree to; an arbitra-
ton by q board composed OF two Be-
lected by the strikers, two by the man
ayers. and one by the department Of
labor. W. " 5 ri .9 !. 4. y
From the first day Of the strike
Governor Hunt has had opposed to
him and his policy In dealing With the
strike every daily, newspaper i'm the
state. Perhaps only one Of these, the
mildest IN It's sopppsiti tion, has not the
direct copper Interest: controL and. It
has given rAlr, uncolored reports from
the district, having 8 repor rteri On the
ground capable and willing to give an
unbiased account OF happenings ana
conditions. ,3 g 3s. .5s 8ss 81 $
All State for Strikers. ,sss
The unions and .sympathtzers OF the
strikers throughout the state Il have
been contrib ibuting aS liberally as pos
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20

as their destination. At Lordsburg,
NJ, M, they were ARRESTED on request
of Sheriff Cash, of Greenlee county,
the strike district, and held on the
charge of being fugitives from Justice,
the sheriff alleging that by their sud
den departure they were melting to
riot. Released from this charge; the
managers proceeded to Ell Paso, which
they have since made their: head
quarters. -. So.
Won't Meet Miners.
The mine managers have from the
first refused to- confer with any repre-
sentatives of the miners so long as
any :agitators'' '5or organizers of the
Western Federation OF Miners remain
in the district Anxious to-. bring
about such a conference, ali officials
Of the federationS consequently with
drew. On the ground had. been Or
ganizers Guy Miller, George Powell,
De Lara and President Charles Meyer.
The miners then elected a. commit
tee and sent it to Ell *Paso for q con-
ference with the managers. This com
mittee the managers refused to meet
on the plea that they were selected at
a packed meeting," and were really
the agents OF the federation. u !.
+, Another .committee Of five was
chosen by the managers from q com
mittee Of 15sselected% by the miners.
This committee proceeded to .El Paso,
where for a week they conferred with
the managers. yAs from the first. the
managers refused to make any CON
cession whatever, sor even permit mat
ters to 60 far enough to consider arbi-
tration OF any kind They. claimed
that the "spirt''9f the, federation still
prevailed In the camp, and they
would not: deal with men unless they
went back To- work. first. Gsovernor
Hunt also sent personal representa-
tives to Fl Paso lseeking to bring
about an agreement or an arbitra-
ton of differences( but to no avail 81
From the first the strikers, through
their REPRESENTATIVES, have been will.
ing to discuss thef differences and FOL
some time they have been willing tc
80 back to work f the managers viii
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20
BY w. S. BRADFORD.

Although the outcome cannot with
any certainty be predicted at this
time, the strike Of some eight thou
sand miners in the Clifton-Morenci-
Metcalf district Of Arizona is in some
respects, perhaps, the most remarka-
ble that has occurred in any metal
,Nferous mining region in this coun-
try.
For seldom since the union Of
Western miners, known as the West
ern Federation of Miners, was organ
lied, after the Coiler d'Alenes strike in
1891, have the MINER been engaged
in strike in which they have not
had aligned against them in addition
to- the mining companies, the state
authorities. Add to this the fact that
the state is dry and here are no
aaloons or booze to cloud the strikers
brains and trick them into violence,
and you have an unusual strike stu
tation.
The third strike in the copper. camps
of the state during the present year,
this has been the most prolonged and
most bitterly contested. Early in the
year the miners of the camps around
Miami and Globe thought they should
share the prosperity Of the companies
in the higher prices for copper. After
a short tie-up, in which the companies
sought the use of the militia but were
refused by the state authorities, an
iagTement was reached in camps or
ttthe Maimi-Globe district whereby the
miners and all working in and around
the mines were to receive a sliding
tscale that was satisfactory to the
tminers. ~
District Made. Union Stronghold.
As a result Of this and the elimina-
itton OF saloons from the state, the
miners Of these camps have realized a
condition of progress and prosperity
hitherto unknown among the workers.
Since that time the Globe Maimi dis
ltrict has; been, recognized as the
stronghold OF ,unionism in the state.
=: About the end of June the miners
OF Ray comprising 1000 Mexicans
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20

sible in funds for maintenance Of. the
strikers and their families, the. State
Federation of Labor in convention
sending out q call for aid. The strik-
ers' committee has Representatives
all over the state engaged in securing
financial support, and the success with
which they are meeting is eloquent of
the sympathy felt all over the state
with their cause. The laws of the
state, and its 'constitution, which en-
able the state to engage in industrial
enterprise, I, have been =: carefully
scanned to see II in this emergency
the mines could be taken over and
operated; but it has been found to be
impossible under existing circum-
stances. Also methods o. having the
county of Greenlee, in which the COM
panies pay 80 per cent Of the taxes,
feed the strikers have been sought to
be applied in the case but no, way has
been found to do SO directly. , -
Until recently. about 80 members OF
the national guard have been on duty
in the strike district Now there are
200 militiamen there The feeling
and relations between the strikers and
the state troops, are ofsthea afriendliest
character, and in not. q single in-
stance, so far at least as the public is
aware, has there been a clash Of any
sort between them. They have found
football games between themselves
and the Clifton high school boys have
helped to remove the stedium Of their
stay. - .s. Il rs =. ~ sc rs },
<;s ss. Press Attacks Governor. Y
Needless to say. the copper-ownedI
press Of the state has II ollered Its
head sofff, -, u, to- use the most common
expression, about the manner In
which the governor has "fostered an,
archy, z stood N with the disreputa-ss
bic leaders Of the, sWestern Fedora
tion," etc, etc. What. they sevidently
would consider his proper course
would be to order the troops 70 shoot
down the strikers ana their families
as they have all too often IN other
states. b II @ :, 4. 3s .ssss
On oct. % q petition was started
FOR the. recall from office of the gov
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20
Chairman of Industrial Relations
Commission Does Not Z
Mince Words. II /.
SAYS MEASURE WILL @s :
p NEVER BE REPEALED
Answers shipowners Threat To
Change Flags Will Build
Our Own Ships

Frank Walsh, chairman Of the Fed
eral Relations Commission, defended
the La Toilette seamen,s act against
its shipping trust critics in New York
the other night. Greed for profits,
he said, was responsible for the hue
and cry of the shipping trust and it's
kept press. >*.> T~f !: II
Zone voice is absent among the
critics Of. this act, and that is the
owner Of the steamship Eastland;
which I saw upside down at the Clark
street bridge in Chicago while they
were: brining women and children
out of the hold covered with slime
from the rivers BOTTOM" he said.
THE New York newspapers, in
common with. other big papers, seem.
to be engaged : in conspiracy to
bring about the destruction or the re-
peal Of the Seamen's act. The at
tempts to repeal the Seamen's act are
in line with one Of the causes the.
commission declared was responsible
for industrial unrest-denial Of JUS
tice. The critics of the. act ask for
a relaxation of enforcement in other
words, they. ask the Officers who
have sworn to enforce the, laws to
betray their trust. -, -. Z
THE Seamen's aot is the result of
the demand of the >Seamen's Union,
made by one of the greatest of liv-s
ing Americans, Andrew. Furuseth.
For II years Andrew sFuruseth
worked INCREASINGLY for the passage
Of this bill. =, :
Zone provision requires that rs
per cent of the men speak the same
language as the officers. If you were
a passenger or your loved ones were:
passengers on ship would you be-
'starboard' or port the man at the
wheel knew what he was saying?.
= Cut Down Life Boat Rule, ...=:s~-z1
:, .sz=. tsa eblrde hare life boats
for go or TO PEI cent OF the perSons
on. board. The greatest blow at
decency. was when they voted down
the suggestion Of Andrew Furuseth
for life boats for 100 per cent OF; the
persons on board ships. ::
II read in the New York Sun, that
leader Of backward thought in Amer
iea; that il the bill is not RELAXED
that is, if the officers do not violate
their oaths-merchants shipping
under. the American flag will be wiped
off the seven seas -: That ought to
make the lips Of it's readers crack
with laughter. What merchant ma
,rine under the American flag can
be driven from the seven seas ?? They.
talk about the ruin of the trans
Pacific shipping. In the trans-Paci-
fic trade are seven. ships, five, Of.
which belong to the Southern Paci-
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20

and 200 Americans, went on strike,
without organization, to enforce a. liv-
ing wage and other improved condi-
tions There had been no organiza-
ton in the camp, all attempts to or
ganize by the Western Federation
having failed. Organizers from Maimi
were, however, invited into the field
by the strikers of Ray. They sue
ceeded in helping the strikers win a
very material advance in wages, and
the miners of the camp admitted into
membership of the Western Fedora
ton local at Miami, only a short dis
tance away.
Although the Ray Consolidated Cop
imported armed thugs from other
counties of the state, in violation OF
the laws of the state, and although it
unsuccessfully sought, the support Of
state troops, the strike. was conducted
Quietly, with no violence worthy Of
mention. Both of these strikes were
and are looked upon as victories Of
the workers in their struggle to better
their conditions.
Mexicans Kept Wages Down.
The mines employing the largest
number Of Mexicans in Arizona are
those Of the Clifton n-More1ci- -Metcalf
District where $500 Mexicans and
about $500 spaniardsx Italians and
Americans work. The, Arizona Cop
per company, the, Detroit Copper
company and the Shannon Copper
company operated in these three
camps. The wages paid their en-
ployes have always been, with those
Of Ray. fair and away the lowest paid
for the same class Of work in the
state. And vet, owing largely to- the
accepted standard living of the pre-
dominating Mexican portion Of the
camps; It had been, found impractical
on the part Of the other employees to
improve their conditions and impos-
sible for the: Western: Federation. to
maintain an Organization there. -
The evils that existed in these
camps can be slikened to those exist
ing in almost every other mining
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20

camp in which the workers have no
organization. Over 80 per cent of
the workers were constantly in debt,
to the companies through the system
of enforced trading at the company
stores. Blacklisting was the common
practice, no redress for grievances,
etc..
When the miners of these camps
saw the benefits that resulted from
the agreements around Miami and at
Ray they invited the Western Fedora
ton to send organizers among them
with a view to making demands upon
the company for Increased pay and
improved conditions
5000 Miners Strike.
= On Sept. 10, after requests on the
part Of the employees for conferences
with the managers Of the three COM
panies had been either refused or
ignored 5000 employees Went on
strike. From the first perfect order
and quiet prevailed in the strike zone.
The sheriff took possession Of the
companies properties and deputized
sufficient men to insure the preserva-
tion Of peace. -.
At no time has there been any clash
or conflict between the miners and: the
county or state authorities. Governor
George NJ. P. Hunt visited the district
with the adjutant-gene eral and attor-
ney-general and conferred with the
mine managers, seeking to find a
means of settling the, trouble. He
also addresses a mass meeting of the
strikers, The attorney-general, Wiley
E: Jones, also addressed the strikers.
In his adress the governor threatened
that il both sides did not soon get to-
gethert and try to adjust their differ
ences he might or would send both
sides to the controversy to the 'bull-
PEN" and that he would treat mine
managers the same as he would the
poor men on strike ses> E<;..,~*
:, Then perhaps the most sensational
development Of the; strike occurred.
The managers Of the three mines sud-
denly left the district, fleeing In the
! night by train. with FL .Paso. Texas,
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-11-20

ernor. AS required by the constitu-
ton covering the recall, the reasons
for such recall are stated on the petit
tion. They are as follows: : = ~
That the said George w. p. -
Hunt is utterly incompetent. TO Z,
perform the duties Of his office
= and to conserve the peace and
dignity of the commonwealth, Of
Arizona. < '>' -: ,.'5- 8 .5sss
= That his. administration has /
been wantonly and recklessly ex-
travagant and that the burdens
of the taxpayers of the state have &
been unduly increased by reason {
Of his reckless disregard of econ {
:; Omy and his creation of unneces-
} sary Offices and positions. .te ..sr
? That the said George w. p. &
Hunt has ignored the statue laws !,
. of the state and has set himself
:. above the, law and the courts, re- II
fusing to carry out their platnest s
mandates. -. - q: ;:sss r. IL
+ That, the, said George w. p. &; 3
Hunt has deliberately attempted y
and encourage class hatreds and 4.
divisions. That he has been parti- Z
san and prejudiced In his dealings
II i with the most vital interests Of B
the state and that, by program
6; Of unconcealed and delibera.e
y catering to the most radical ele-
= ments, he has created a condition
approaching anarchy in certain
- sections OF the state. t9t
- It will require one-fourth OF the
a = 80.