davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905-1916, 1915-12-10
CONGRESS BEGIN
GREAT SESSION
Defense Plans of President
Center Of Interest.
DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANS
SELECT FLOOR LEADERS
Expected to be the Most Vital Ses-
sion OF National Assembly in Past
Decade.

Washington, Dec. 6.-Opening of The
Sixty-fourth congress drew thousands
to the capital. The weather is cold
and unsettled. Many came to wit
ness the presentation of the equal suf-
frage amendment by Congressman
Mondell, of Wyoming. There was also
a suffrage parade.
The session was brief for organiza-
ton and formal introduction of bills
and resolutions. Both houses soon ad-
journed and sent formal notification
to the president that congress was in
session. Tomorrow work will begin
when the president delivers his an
nual address.
Two Clarks Chosen.
The senate Republicans elected Gal
niger chairman and floor leader.
Speaker Clark was reelected and
sworn amid cheers In his opening
address to the house the speaker paid
tribute to Republican Leader Mann
and predicted practically a continuous
session.
The senate reelected Clark (of Ar
|>kansas), president pro-tempore The
floor and gallery presented the usual
animated scene.
r. Vice President Marshall was MOI
present on account of the illness o1
HIS swife. Thirty-two newly elected
senators were sworn in. In the house
bills and resolutions are pouring int
the hopper.
The national defense measure pre-
dominated and there were many pro
| posals of Investigations. Bills TO,
rural credits, extension of rural mai
service and numerous private bill
were presented.
! Business. did not deter some of tn
old timers from holding receptions
including former Speaker Cannon.
Woodrow Paving Way.
While white house callers waited i
line James Henderson, an Ohio Quak
er, delivered sermon to Presiden
Wilson, opposing military prepared
ness. The president thanked him TO
| his advice and turned to the next i
line
The president will entertain tn
/ Democratic national committee at
white house luncheon Wednesday.
The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905-1916, 1915-12-10
FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLAR HAND
Sk0ygaard the Danish Violiniste al
the Layering, Dec. 22nd.

1t took Skoygaard' thirty years to
make this hand Incessant training
and the inborn soul OF the artist fash
ioned it. To. the ordinary eye 1t is
not very different from other we'll de-
veloped hands Yet it has the power
The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905-1916, 1915-12-10
lost automatically

almost automatically to express
through the violin the exquisite beauty
and marvellous tone-pictures which the
player feels and sees as he interprets
the work of the masters. AS an invest
ment 1t represents mans life work.
But 1t represents too, the Unborn gift
which no money can buy. That is why
it is insured for fifty thousand dol
lars.
The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905-1916, 1915-12-10
Joil, Hands.

Washington, Dec. 6.-Senator Poin-
dexter. Progressive, attended the eau
Gus giving assurance Of united MN
ority.
The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905-1916, 1915-12-10

Can Epencet fnr Christnlas trees
Phpne 2o9-W DEC. le-31
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
MONUMENT AND GRAVE FRANCIS SCOTT KEY.

total ten million dollars. Along the
streets are ornamental electric light
poles and globes as handsome as in any
other city. They are made in Fred
erick
There are iron works in the city. and
The Star man was told that the orna-
mental electric light posts used in
Washington were made in Frederick
There is a wooden stocking mill which
is said to be one of the Lac institu-
lions of the kind in the United States
There are big brickmaking works. and
carriage factory. Canning, espe-
cially canning corn, is an immense in
dustry in Frederick There are three
canneries, and from Frederick has come
for number of years all the canned
corn used in the United States Navy
The number of cans of corn produced
every season runs up into the millions
There was an abattoir. but this has
been converted into an icemaking
plant
There is one of the large milk ship
ping plants of the, United States, send.
ing in milk to Washington and Balti-
more. There are two daily newspa-
pers, hotels. moving picture houses and
long rows of stores with big plate
glass show windows. There is also an
immense brushmaking factory
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
Moose law.

A n interesting story is told as to the
~ origin of the name Moose Jaw"
as applied to town in Canada. Some
fifty years ago, SO the story runs. a
pioneer with his team of oxen and
prairie schooner" while passing along
the banks of the river. was obliged to
camp at this point in Saskatchewan on
account of an accident to his cart.
"A spoke had fallen out during the
day, and the wheel was falling apart.
He looked about for something to in
sert for a temporary brace for the
wheel, while his wife busted herself
with the evening meal.
The pioneers child, while romping
around, found the jawbone of a moose,
which she held up to her father, who
by this time almost despaired of find
ing anything with which to repair his
cart He was delighted to find that the
jawbone exactly fitted the place of the
missing spoke. The Indians thereafter
named this district The Place Where
the White Man Found the Moose Jaw"
This. it is said. accounts for the towns
queer name.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
LOOMING NORTH on couRr STREET.

tanning less than 10 per cent of magnesia
These lines are called caustic lines be-
cause by the addition of water they slake
more rapidly and set" more slowly than
the lean" or magnetism lines. The lean"
lines are preferred for some forms of
work. but the fat lines are generally
in the greater demand.
In Frederick county are found brick
clays, terra-cotta clays, sewer-pipe clays
and fire clays-those clays from which
refractory wares are made. such as fire.
brick. enameled brick, retorts, stove brick
and stove Innings.
Frederick county has marbles in it's
hills. There are variegated, fine
grained crystalline marbles and Po-
tomac marbles The samples obtained
from the numerous small openings
which have been made for the purpose
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

county cut off a large tract from Fred
erick and Baltimore counties.
There has been no consistent method
of erecting counties in Maryland Some.
notably st. Marys and Kent, grew with
the development of the province and
were subsequently bounded by the
erection of new counties. Others, like
Charles and Dorchester, were erected
by the ruling of Lord Baltimore. Ce-
ell county was erected by the procla-
nation of the governor, while Wash
ington. Montgomery, Howard and Wi
comico were established In constitu-
tional conventions. The great major
ity of the counties were erected by acts
of assembly. and~-that was the way
Frederick county was created in 174S.
At the time of the creation of Fred
erick county the total population of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

through this valley. following the
course of the streams that originated
in Pennsylvania and flowed into the
Potomac. Along the line of that old
trail followed the early colonial road
called the "Monocacy road which ran
from Wrightsville, Pa, to the Poto-
mac river. Among the known settlers
in the Monocacy valley before 1874
were Benjamin Allen, Riley Moore and
William White.
In geographic history of the Poto-
mac river basin, published by the
United States geological survey, this is
written:
"In 1875 the Schleys, with about 100
families from Germany, Switzerland
and France, established themselves on
the Monocacy, the first house in Fred
erick being erected by Thomas Schley
in 1875. By 174S the German immi-
grants had taken possession of many
valuable tracts along Monocacy river
and Catoctin creek.
In brochure the city of Fred
erick by Marken and Bielfield 1T is
written that Thomas Schley, the school
master" led about a hundred families
from the Palatinate, Germany, into
Frederick by way of Chesapeake bay
in 1875. There were Germans in the
valley long prior to the coming OF the
Schley party Germans at that point
near Philadelphia called Germantown
spread in many directions and they
came very early into the Monocacy,
and it was the same current of migra-
ton which flowed into the Shenandoah
valley. These imm' grants were mem
bers of the Reformed and Lutheran
faiths and there is record of the church
they built of logs and which was call
ed for number of years prior to
1890 THE Church of the Monocacy.'
1t stood in the valley near the pres
ent town of Creagersville, about ten
miles northeast of the city of Fred
erick There is a record that this
church of the Monocacy. in which the
Lutheran and the Reformed pioneers
worshiped jointly, had in 1747 com.
municant members to the number OF
ninety-Seven.
The city of Frederick was laid out
in 1T45, and the county of Frederick
was created in 174S. Daniel Dulaney
of Annapolis had purchased a large
tract of land in the Monocacy valley
and his brother. Patrick Dulaney, pro-
jected the new town. He called the
town Frederick, and when the county
was created three years after the
founding of the town the name of
Frederick was given to the county.
There is dispute as to why the town
and the county were called Frederick.
Some persons believe that it was
named for Frederick Calvert, the last
Lord Baltimore. others that it was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

granite curbing. water works. sewer
system, electric lights. three automo-
bile fire engines. trolley lines with uni
formed motormen and conductors, uni
formed police, police assigned to traf-
fic duty at street crossings, rows of
brick and stone business buildings and
streets set with fine residences.
In the older part of the city these
residences front directly on the brick
pavements, but in the newer part of the
city the houses are detached, with am
Die lawns, and the streets, wide and
tree shaded, have parkings between the
curb and footways and between the
footways and the building line.
In this city of ten thousand inhabi-
tants there are eight banks, some of
them housed in very handsome build
ings, and the deposits in these banks
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

of obtaining foundation stone and ma
terial for ime-burning show variegat-
ed marbles of even texture and pleas
ing tones of cream, pink red and blue.
A few attempts have been made to OBJ
tain decorative stone from the better
situated and more attractive deposits,
but difficulties have arisen.
In Frederick county occurs the "Po-
tomac marble" or calico rock" 1t is
found along the eastern slopes of the
Catoctin range. 1t is said that these
deposits are of particular interest from
the fact that they have furnished the
only true conglomerate o. breccia mar
BILE that has ever been utilized to any
extent in the United States.
The Maryland geological survey has
reported that the limestones and the
shales of Frederick county furnish the
necessary materials for the manufac-
ture of Portland cement, and that the
proximity of the limestones and argyll
1aceous materials in the Frederick val
ley to Washington and Baltimore make
this an especially attractive section for
the building of Portland cement plants.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

between Montgomery county and the
Monocacy valley, are the towns and
hamlets of New Midway, Woodsboro,
townsville. Centeryille. Oldfields, Lib
ertytown. Walkersyille. Unsonville.
Mount Pleasant, Mount Airy. part of
Ridgeviile. New London. New Market,
Bartensviiie. Woodville, Kemptown and
Urbana.
Ia the western part of the county, or
the region of the Catoctin range. South
mountain and the intervening valleys,
are Brunswick, Knoxville. Petersville.
town. Burkettsville. Ellerton, Foxville,
LantZ, Mount st Marys and Sabiilas-
willie.
The settlement of what, is: now Fred
teenth century. An Indian trail led
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

named for Frederick. Prince of Wales.
but the larger portion believe that the
town and county were named for Fred
erick the Great, the German ruler.
The county was erected out of por-
tons Of Prince Georges, Anne Arundel
and Baltimore counties. and originally
included the whole territory north and
west of those counties. Montgomery
and Washington counties were carved
out of Frederick county by the con-
vention of 1876. Allegany county was
erected out of a part of Washington
county in 1888, and in 1886 Carroll
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

mac river, and the boundary between these
two counties passes along the crest of
that part of the Blue Ridge north of the
Potomac known South mountain.
The great central valley of the region,
Frederick valley or the Monocacy valley,
extends from Pennsylvania to the Poto-
mac, its width at the south end being the
distance betyeea the junction of the Mo-
nocacy with the Potomac and the tip
of Catoctin mountain, called Point of
Rocks, distance of about six miles in an
air line.
The Monocacy is born in battle
field region, it being formed by Rock
creek (Pa), Marsh creek and their
tributaries, Plum run, White run and
Willoughby run. all of them streams
that flow through the battle ground of
Gettysburg. Round Top is five miles
north of the upper line of Frederick
county.
On the banks of the Monocacy. where
the old pike from Washington by way
of Rockville, Hyattstown and Urbana
crosses the river, three miles south of
Frederick City, was fought the battle
of the Monacacy a battle, which. al
though it resulted in a Union defeat
delayed the Confederate attack on
Washington in July, 1864. one day. and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

wheat straw, reminders of one of the
important crops of the country. The
red barn and the stone fence are the
characteristic notes of the landscape
in. Frederick county, though in parts
of the county are many gray stone
barns, white frame barns and fences
of rails or wire
Everything that grows m the tenn
perate zone grows in Frederick county.
1t is conspicuous in the production of
live stock, wheat, corn, hay, apples and
potatoes: 1t is one of the important
dairy and poultry counties of the
Union, and its manufacturing indus
tries-iime, iron. canning. fertilizer, ice
and woolens-are considerable.
The surface. area of Frederick county
is varied. The eastern section of the
county is hilly. Down the central and
western parts of the county, running
from north to south, are mountain
ranges between which are valleys as
fertile and fruitful as any in the world.
Through the central valley, or Fred
erick valley, runs the main river or
the section, the Monocacy, an Indian
word meaning river with many
bends.
Inc area OF Fre1eFlck county Is OVo
square miles. 1t is the largest agricul-
tural county in Maryland. with the ex-
ception of Garrett county, the area
of which is 6sl square miles
The ares, OF the county in acres is 424,-
$40 of which area 374,653 acres are in
farms OF this farm land 30l. 330 acres
are improved, and on the farms are 63,-
402 acres OF woodland. The percentage
OF the land area OF the county in farms is
1873, and the percentage of improved land
In the farms is sos. The average number
Of acres to the farm is ss5, and the av-
erage number Of improved acres to the
farm are 1872.
In 1910 the number OF farms was 3,s40,
a slight Increase over the number in 1900.
There were. in 1910, 3.714 native white
farmers, IS negro farmers and 10 foreign
born farmers in the county There were
three farms of 900 acres and over. nine
farms of between 500 and 700 acres. 1874
farms Of between $50 and 500 acres. 4Ss
farms of between IT'S and 2s0 acres. 1871
farms of between 100 and IT'S acres. SOS
farms Of between SO and 100 acres. 64l
farms of between 20 and so acres; 34S
I. rms Of between 10 and 20 acres. 1863
FIRMS OF between and acres and seven
YARNS Of less than 3 acres.
Frederick county extends from the
Pennsylvania boundary to the Potomac
Aiver, distance in line Of about thirty
iye miles. For the most part, its north
ern line joins the south line of Adams
county. Pa, but its northwest corner joins
the Pennsylvania county of Franklin. On
the northeast Frederick county abuts on
the southeast it joins Montgomery county,
the territory Of which extends to the Dis
trict of Columbia
On the west, Frederick county abuts
on Washington county. which also extends
from the Pennsylvania line to the roto-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

All told. there are fift--seven manu-
factories in Frederick. with an invest
ed capital of s2,TSS000 The average
number of wae.e-earners is f.l46 and
is about $500 600. while the amount
paid as salaries as distinguished
from wages is S155.c00. The value OF
the manufactured products turned out
at Frederick in 1914 was sS,167 900.
=
Frederick has an excellent public
school system. with primary and ele-
mentary grades and girls and boys
high schools in big, fine buildings.
There are four colleges. the Woman's
College, the Convent of the Visitation,
Frederick College and st. Johns Col
lege. The Maryland School for the Deaf
al Frederick is one OF the large and
handsomely housed institutions of that
kind in the United States. The Fred
erick City Hospital is spIendidly
situated and equipped institution. and
the Y. NJ. c. A. occupies a building that
cost $4,000. Frederick has thirteen
churches. representing the Reformed.
Lutheran, Methodist. Episcopal, Cath
Ole. Presbyterian. Baptist and United
Brethren denominations.
Francis Scott Key and his wife are
buried in Mount Olivet cemetery at
Frederick, and there is splendid
monument, paid for by popular sub
scription, at the graves. A flag from
mast is kept always floating there.
Barbara Fritchie and her husband lie
in a distant part of the same cemetery,
and a flag is kept flying there also At
the grave OF Barbara Fritchie has been
erected a simple and handsome monu-
ment.
Altogether Frederick county is a
great county. and Frederick City a re-
markable city.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

toctin: Mordecai Jones. New London:
LIE Gore Lime Company. LIE Gore; r.
Bush Lewis. Frederick; NJ. Frank Nc
Aleer, McAleer: F. Daniel Reddy, Mot
tiers; Gilmer Schley. Frederick: D. NJ.
Shinham, Fair View; David G. Zentz,
Thurmont: William C. Zimmerman,
Wa1kersville.
The limestones of the Shenandoah
group. or the valley lmestones. as
they are sometimes called, occur in
Maryland on both sides of the Blue
Ridge. They consist of massive lime
stones of very great aggregate thick
ness, and on the east side of the Blue
Ridge they form the floor of the Fred
erick valley. Most of the Shenandoah
nesia, and are the base of the cement
manufactures, but, nevertheless, there
are many quarries and occurrences
where the magnesia content is found to
be quite low.
The Shenandoah limestones of the
Frederick valley cover a longitudinally
shaped area extending from Woodsboro
on the north, where it energies from
beneath the Newark formation, to the
Potomac river about seven miles south
of Buckeystown. 1t attains it's maxi
mum width in the vicinity of Frederick
City, and it's least width, of about three
quarters of a mile, where it crosses the
Potomac river.
The greater part of the lime made in
FREDERICK county, as well as IN the
other counties of Maryland, is obtained
from burning limestone in the old
fashioned vertical. mixed-feed, continu-
Gus kiln, though kilns of more
modern type are coming into use and
proving economical, turning out bet
ter commercial product at less cost.
Lime is sold by some of the.large plants
by the ton. but at most of the kilns 1t
is sold by the bushel, or 2,150.42 cubic
inches.
The bushel is usually weighed, and
although the weight of a carefully
measured bushel of lime will vary be-
tween the minimum of seventy and
the maximum of ninety pounds the
great majority of the limemakers count
eighty pounds as bushel and TWEEN
ty-f1ve bushels a ton. The prices of
lines vary in Frederick county as else
where, the variation depending on the
state of the market and on the quality
of the lime. The lower grades of lime
will usually average in price at the
kiln or 10 cents bushel, and the
better grades run from 10 to Is cents
The fuels used in the limekilns of
Frederick county consist chiefly of
anthracite and semi-bituminous coal.
Charcoal and wood are also used for
burning, but this practice is declining.
In the modern kilns anthracite is
found to be cheaper. 1t is burned in
the for: oE pea coai or anthracite sift-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

6NiE neighbor counties of Wash
ington are of wonderful inter-
III est in both the historic and the
q industrial senses. OF these coun-
ties from which so many Neutrality-suspicious.
or their ancestors have come and
which bear such an intimate relation
to the economic life of the District, the
first that will be discussed in a series
of articles is Frederick county, Mary
land.
1t is one of the rich and prosperous
counties of the United States. Long
rows of brown shocks of corn cover
miles of field, and the land between
those shocks is green with growing
wheat. Herds of cattle-Holsteins,
Jerseys. shorthorns, Guernseys and Al
derneys-browse on the green grass
lands. Apple orchards give rosy or
a ruby touch to the landscape.
The face of the country is dotted with
pleasant villages and with white farm
houses and big red barns set in
groves of trees Around these barns
1T this season lie great heaps of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
FREDERICK COUNTY COURTHOUSE

probably saved the capital from occu-
patton by Confederate army.
Frederick City, the county seat, is in
this valley, about fourteen miles in an
air line north of the Potomac, and
Emmitsburg, also in the valley. is one
mile south of the Pennsylvania bound
airy. Other towns in the valley are
Motters. Appolds. Rocky Ridge. Martins
Mill, Creagerstown, Thurmont, Grace
ham, Lewistown, Utica Mills, Lime
Kiln, Buckeystown, Adamstown, Wash
ington junction and Point of Rocks.
In the piedmont region, or the region
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
TYPE OF FREDERICK HOME,

Portland cement is bulky product
and every mile saved in the matter of
transportation adds just so much to the
profits of the makers.
The city of Frederick, the county
seat, is a historic town, rich in CO.
lonal, revolutionary and civil war
memories. 1t is perhaps in many ways
the most remarkable small city in the
south. Though it's population is only
10.411. it has miles of streets paved
with buff or vitrified brick set on edge,
artificial stone and brick sidewalks,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

ings, and one ton of this coal will de-
carbonate about ten tons of limestone
and produce about 125 bushels or five
tons of lime, There is a great variation
in the relative calorific efficiency and
value of each type of fuel, and the lime
stones differ in richness and in re-
fractorineSs.
Lime is called lean" or fat" depend
ing on the content of lime and magnesa,
and both varieties are produced in Fred
erick county. The fat or caustic lines
are produced by burning limestones con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
shington's Observation-Disclosures County, Md

Prosperous
That the Temperate 663 Square Miles of Exceptional Farm
Valley the
Pprt-The
the Shenandoah GopTh Historic City Of Frederick County SeaSh
Various Manufacturing Plant