The Hawaiian gazette., 1915-08-03

" victorious. Peace is a word
asi.i 3ttLt... a.#
The second year of the European war
opens today. . ION August l, 1914. Ger.
many declared war against Russia and
the last chance vanished of localizing
the Austro-S Serbian war, declared three
Hays previously by Austria Hungary.
| All the great Powers of Europe were
irawn into a struggle the like Of which
history has not heretofore recorded.
Eleven nations are at war and almost
al lands are affected, directly or indi-
Getty. Millions of men have been kill
I'd, wounded or carried to captivity in
hostile couitrtBiIC billions of dollars
have been expended. Thousands of
square miles of territory have been de-
vastated and hundreds of cities and
towns laid waste. Half the world is in
mourning for the dead. And although
the war has been in progress with un-
exampled fury for a year, the result
may be summarized in one brief SEN
tence:. No decisive results have been
achieved and, the end is not in sight.
DETERMINATION to pursue the war to a
Decisive ending has been expressed by
| high officials OF all the belligerent ma
tons, preparations arc being made for
next wintSrss.' campaign, and, in fact,
indications from Europe are that il is
more likely to increase in size rather
han decrease. ut is STIR an open 7ques-
ion whether Bulgaria Rumania or
Greece will be drawn in. g s,$Ifsl
Previous Standards worthless ,,yr%
In view, af the immenslty of the
struggle, previous standards Count for
title ihseonsideffng the price the world
slpaythg. The figures involved are so
vast aSSto totSey little meaning, The
nationk Shf war have poured out, their
rreasures Of men and gold without, lin.
t. The usual standards of life have
1een stfbordinated or disregarded, and
N sOmeocases. social in dustrial and po!
itical aetiadties have been virtually re.
DfganiZSd on. militaristic basis, to
make oil contribute to the supreme
lecessitiesobf war. ..I...
II is IMPOSSIBLE to obtain accurate
satisfies of the number of men engag.
d, the'casualties and the cost. For oh.
vious reasons the size of the various
armies is kept secret. Most of the ma.
tons do not consider it expedient to re.
veal the number of casualties; in fact,
Great Britain is the only one which has
given out official totals. AS to the
money expended, there are available
only partial statistics.
Half the World Involved
More than half the population of the
world lives in the countries at war. The
population of the warning countries is
"stimated roughly at 947,000,000, and
If the countries at peace at 1917 ,000, 900.
The population of the Entente nations
= perhaps five times as great as that
If their opponents. The number of
men under arms has been estimated va,
'iously, usually in the neighborhood of
'O,O00, 000., William Michaelis, writing
'ecGntly in a Berlin magazine, put. the
number of soldiers at war at 2l,TTO,.
900; for the Allies l2,S20,000; for Ger
many, Austria. Hungary and Turkey
S,950,O0O = %.'4 49,,
No previous war has approached the
present one in wholesale destruction of
life. This is due not only to the NUN
Der of men involved, but to the terri.
BILE efficiency of modern weapons.
Trench warfare on a great scale, with
its deadly charges, mining operations
and extensive use of artillery and hand
granades, has contributed to this end.
Whereas in the past it has been calcu-
ated that the proportion of killed to
total casualties runs l to 5 or ! to 10,
the pEop0rtionain trench warfare, as in.
dicated- byb official British statistics. is
about / to o.. ...o r,.gD VI
Frightful Slaughter 81.
Thee battlosD on the plains of Fland
ers, on the Warsaw front, in the Austro-
German advance through Galicia and in
the Carpathians were attended by
frightfnl slaughter Russian losses in
the Uarpathians alone were estimated
unofficially at 100000. Along the bat.
,tleields fpom Arras, in northwestern
France TO. the Belgian coast whole
aud at'the time of the German attempt
to reach the English Channel the User
Canal was chokeds with the dead. ,.Ac,
cording to official British statistics the
British army alone has been losing of
late, in killed, wounded and missing
1000 day. On June 8 Premier As
quith announced that British Casualties
since the beginning of the war (exclud,
ing naval losses of 1880 up to May
81 amounted to 25S, 069, of which the
total ofSkilled was 50,342.
Casualties Five Million
The losses of Germany, France and
Russia, "a by reason of their larger
armies, have been far greater. The
Heer tTnd 'Politik of Berlin early in
June estimated that more, than 5,00o,-
600 soldiers of the countries at war
with Germany and her allies have been
Killed. MOnnled or eanhlred uailaire