davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
AVOID PER|SHABLE
FEATURES IN ROAD
HIGHWAY BOND ISSUES SHOULD
BE FOR PERMANENT WORK
BULLETIN POINTS OUT.

An important factor in the financ-
Ing of good roads by county bonds
is discussed by the authors of bulletin
No. Il 6, OF the United States Depart
merit of Agriculture, entitled High
way Bonds. The authors point out
that in expanding money raised by
the sale of highway bonds the high
way commissioners should distinguish
carefully between the permanent and
the perishable features of the road.
Foundations, drainage structures,
alignment and grades are permanent
features which should be looked upon
in tho light of an investment II these
features do not comply with certain
standard. 1t will be poor economy to
spend money on transitory Improve
ments such as hard surfaces. which
must be renewed at considerable ex-
peHse from year to year.
Local conditions, OF course. deter
mine to a great extent the proper
OF any highway. Twenty years ex-
perience In modern road building has
shown, however, that there ts "a mini
mum which any road built on Dor
rowed money should comply with.
Even when much Of the money
expended upon a. highway has gone
into the permanent features, says the
bulletin. there Is still danger that the
cost of repairs and maintenance will
be overlooked, or at least slight, in
the calculations OF the road builders.
When roads are built with borrowed
money 1t Is. of course, especially i'm
portant to avoid this error. On the
other hand. however. 1t Is not neces-
sarv to regard the total cost of sur
facing road as temporary improve
ment. Much of the surfacting may
be ciassed as a permanent investment.
for II Is becoming more and more
common to have surfaces built in two
courses, the lower OF whoch Is as
much permanent feature of con-
struction as the grading itself This
is particularly true of those types Of
road that are built with concrete foun-
dations for bituminous-macada brick
or asphalt surfaces. II la proba bly,
i conservative, indeed. to regard 40 per
cent OF the surfacing cost Of macadam
or more enduring pavements as "A per-
manent Investment 1t is seldom, now
adays that hard DIS are permitted to
wear into the foundation course OF the
surfacing.
Probably 4 is safe to say that an
average Of about So per cent of the
total cost of we'll built maeadam
, road should be put into the perma-
nent features and with bituminous-
macadam roads about Sc per cent.
This method of estimating can not
be applied 10 any gravel or natural
soil road In which no part OF the sur
facing can advantageously he con-
sidered, for under most systems OF
maintenance II steadily deteriorates.
Roads built with surfaces entirely
of concrete, or with brick pavements
resting on concrete foundation arc
generally regarded as permanent, but
1t Is not yes definitely known how
long the best concrete surface VIII
last. The best vitrified brick surfaces
may last number of years. but even
with them repairs will be required.
To sum up. the authors OF this bull
ietin point out that vne Initial cost
of a road Is never the final one: that
| g.. i i
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
FUNCTIONS Of LIME
THAT BENEFIT SOIL
QUESTION OF PROPER APPLCA-
TON HOWEVER. Is SUBJECT -
OF CONTROVERSY.

The use Of lime az fertilizer dates
from the inception OF modern scsen-
tific farming. Agricultural Chemists
have shown that there are five or six
different functions which lime may
perform TO benefit soil. which may
/. II is an essential element OF
plant food.
e. II aids In the conversion OF de-
caying argonic matter into humus.
D. 1t forms compounds with the
humic acids, which tend to prevent
their being leached cut Of the coll
and lost.
a BY producing proper sanitary
conditions the growth OF INJURIOUS BAG
terra In largely prevented, while the
growth Of nitgifying bacteria is en-
couraged. These nitrifying bacteria
convert the nitrogen OF the humus in
to such form that IL fs available RS
plant food
s. Lime aids In the liberation Of
potash and phosphorus from inert
compounds
g. 1t tends TO Ylocculate clay soils.
rendering them granular and more
porous
Obviously. permanent results can
not be expected unless care La taken
to insure the presence OF some or
alone may be temporarily beneficial.
but will eventually be harmful: when
used with cowpea vines IL becomes
more efficient for general purposes
than almost any other fertilizer. OF
course, lime is not beneficial to all
crops to tho same extent. and not all
soils need lime. Thus, some OF the
common plants which are stated by the
Department Of Agriculture to be bene-
fitted by lime are spinach. lettuce. beet,
ciery. onion. cucumber. eantaloupe. as
paragus. cabbage. peanut, rhubarh.
pea. pumpkin, bean. tobacco, alfalfa,
clover, barley. wheat, oats, timothy.
Rooseherry. currant. Grange. ounce
and cherry. Indian corn la only slight
ly benefited.
Plants which are said to be slightly
injured by lime are cotton. tomato,
cowpea. concord grape, peach, apple
and pear. and those really Injured are
radish. flax, blackberry, black rasp-
berry and cranberry.
Whether a soil will respond to
lining or not depends on the amount
of available calcium oxide which II
already contains. Probably the best
indication of the need Of lime is the
failure to obtain a good crop OF
clover.
The question whether lime should
be applied to the soil as quicklime.
hydrated lime. air-slack lime, or
ground limestone liz still the subject
OF great deal of controversy. The
advocates of ground limestone claim
- - - !.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
BIG APPLE EXHIBIT
At ANNUAL MEETING
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY WILL
CONVENE IN WINCHESTER
NEXT WEDNESDAY.
INTERESTING PROGRAM
APPLE GROWERS FROM ALL
PARTS OF STATE WILL HEAR
ADDRESSES OF AUTHORITIES
ON IMPORTANT SUBJECTS.

Prominent authorities on subjects
OF interest to orchardists will address
the Virginia State horticultural So
cietv. which will hold its annual meet
ing In winchester. beginning on Wed
nesday and lasting through Thursday
Of this week. An apple exhibit, heio
in connection with the meeting. VIII!
be the largest ever seen In firRlnia'
and hundreds OF apple growers from
throughout the state are expected 10
attend the convention. Special fasas
have been granted by all OF the rail-
roads. and arrangements made 10 &C
comrnodate the visitors. Special In
ducements have been offered farmers
interested in horticulture, 10 attend
The following program viii be car
rid out:
Wednesday, January IS.
Morning session--10 o'clock.
Opening exercises--Prayer by Rev
W. y. Smith, Christ Episcopal Church
Winchester, Va.
Address Of weIcome-Robert 7
Barton, Jr., Winchester, Va.
Reply to Welcome-Mr. s. e.
Woods Charlottesville, Va.
Presidents Address,. n. Thomp'
son. Harrisonpurg. Va.
Sccretary's Annual Report--Waftes
Whstely. Croset, Va.
Treasurer's Report. w. Woollen
Crozet. Va.
Announcement OF Com mittee--Or
Resolutions. on Members on Audi
and on Nominations of Officers.
Address--''Commerc Orchardinf
IN Mountain estons'-Professor W
". HUT. state horticuiturist, Raleigh
~. e..
Addres<-~'Controi OF Aphis Affect
ing Apples W. j. Schoene
Black sburg. Va
Address-"My Experience in Grow
ing and Marketing Appies"--D. Cole
Miller. Gerrardstown. w. Va
Wednesday Afternoon. 1850 O'Clock
A6dress-"Rodents Destructive Il
Orchard Trecs"--Professor Lantz. Blu
reau of biological Survey. Washing
ton. d. c..
Address-'-The Outsc and Income
Of an Apple Orchard" L
p. Hendrick. hortiouiturist, Expert
ment Station. Geneva, n. Y.
Address-"Marketin App'es----Dr
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
LUXEMBOURG DOING
GOOD ROADS WORK
BOND ISSUES HAVE REEN VOTED
AND IN FEBRUARY WILL BE
ANOTHER ELECTION.

Lanenhurg County is generally
dubbed the Free State owing to the
independent spirit OF its earlier set
tiers, and 1t IL also known as the first
county In Virginia where the secession
propaganda spread without let or him
drance OF course, Its swords have
long since been beaten Into pillow
most industrious in the Old Dominion.
They are forward In all good works.
this is evidenced in a pleasing way to
the progressive element In the carry
ing OF the bond issues in both Lewiston
and I.ochleven Districts, by q three to
one majority for road Improvement
Columbian Grove District will SUB
NIT the question OF good roads to the
voters OF that magistertai district in
February. and 1t goes without saving,
that the issue will be carried. There
Is only one district in the county where
the road movement has met with de-
feat at the hands of the voters, and
1t IL generally accepted that the time
IL ripe for again placing the question
before them for arbstrament. Less
than a decade ago Lunenhurg could
bp64A uI TdlEOAu that palcty tVoShSA
one edge OF the county. but today.
with the advent OF the yirginian Rail-
way. running through the heart Of
the best agricultural section. the add
ed stimulus OF this splendid service
has become contagious. Improved
roads now radiate from Kenhridgc to
all sections Of the county, and the mile
ago planned and s~H-thirds complet
ed will total about 400 miles. Thus
it can be readily seen that the process
OF eliminating the opposition OF the
disgruntled element rs factors In the
path OF Lunenbnrg-a prugress 10 re-
duced 10 minimum. Again, the mon
etary value OF well-located farms has
been steadily on the increase, and dur
ing the present year twenty or more
families from other sections OF the
state have bought land adjacent to
Kenbridge. and at q value that will
offset the entire amount expended for
this important work. Lunenburg has
blazed the way for great future. and
Tess progressive counties can follow
her example with profit.
Lunenburg county bids fAir to be
one Of the banner counties In the state
for good roads. For three years the
road fever has been very active. and
seems to grow and spread intensely
Tho road already built have sttmulat-
ca interest In every district.
What this county has done Othcr
counties can do. Not 4 man who hAs
oxpeFieRced tie pleasure o. travelling
IN rood rnaSlN wotad IN ~
th saeln i
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
FARM DEMONSTRATION
AGENTS MEET MONDAY

County farm demonstration agents
for the State OF Virginia win have
their second annual meeting 81
Biacksburg Monday. THESE county
agents are the men who are taking
the gospel Of better farming to the
farmers OF our State. There are now
about sixty of these men In sixty diff
ferent counties. They are all men
who have had special training for
their work.
Each year they go to the State coll
lege and experiment station at
Bfackshurg and learn from the fn-
structors and investigators there
what things OF value they have to
send tho farmers. The county agents
stay At Blacksburg three weeks and
take regular class work under the
best instructors of that institution.
Besides this. they meet each other
and have discussions among them
seves about problems raat they have
10 lace This III or unestimab1e
value 10 tho a&ents themselves. and
4ossa4 IA m excellent appoF.uRitY fer
~ 1nxsneFp ~ ~ etete q ~ ! orsok
- % 4 !! & y! y. 81
= n ~ 4 & y. - ~ g.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
NATIONAL HIGHWAY
WORK PROGRESSING
SATISFACTORY AND ENCOURAG-
ING is SHOWING MADE IN
DINwIDDIE AND BRUNSWICK.

From the new town OF Alberta. viz
ginia, comes the welcome news that
d. II. Winslow. United States super
intendent OF road construction be-
tween Petersburg. Va. and Fayette-
Vile. n. c., en- the national highway
running from New York to Tampa.
ia making preliminary improvements
through Dinwiddie and Brunswick
counties and that the result OF his
work is very satisfactory and encour-
aging to the people throughout the
counties which this road traverses.
says Southern Good Roads. 1t con-
tiuues: The people can see from the
amount of work done that the sal
walton of cur sand-clay roads, Is
proper maintenance by expert engi-
neering.
Mr.. winsiow has patrolmen all
along the line, who give their entire
time to cleaning out the culverts
bitches, cutting away brush. repair
ing bridges. narrowing and dragging
the roads, as per his instructions.
These men make daily report to
him OF the amount of work done, and
the class OF work and the cost. Thus
he readily makes notes on his map
which shows the progress being made
each day along the entire line. One
of the instructions to these patrolmen
is. Receive all information and criti-
sism from tho general public In a
courteous manner"
Mr.. WINSTON Ia working in close
cooperation with the farmer and peo-
pie In general all through his divi-
sions. and his mission In to be to tho
people In the main community en-
xineer as we'll al road engineer. He
expects to take up with the children
in the near future the csta bliShment
OF athletic fields and grounds such
as baseball. basketball, tennis. etc.
along this highway. and to beautify
the yards tn their homes.
The general sentiment with the peo-
pie along this road and throughout the
counties. is that the Governments ptr-
pose Is to build roads This Ia not
true. The purpose and work Of the
Government IL to maintain the road
to its highest efficiency. and to edu-
cate the people along the proper
methods In which sand-clay roads
should be worked to get the greatest
amount OF good from them.
There are zee miles OF road now
under the Government supervision.
and a. soon a. Chesterfield County
comes in. this division win be COM
pleted In mileage. Mr. Winslow finds
that the supervisors all along this
road arc becoming more encouraged
over his work. and are now coming
to his rescue In building this road
aIsBd carrying out other improvements
H = now more Convinced that this
1a4s - - 0optl anA theEe ~ =
s4|j q y M AZ q! !sa| II 3. y! r!
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
DEALING IN REALTY
IS NOW IMPROVING
RESIDENCE PROPERTIES IN
CITY AND SUBURBS ARE IN
GOOD DEMAND.
MANY INQUIRIES MADE
BETTER TONE DEVELOPS DUR
ING WEEK - MANY DEEDS
SHOWING sMxLLER TRANS
FERS RECORDED.

The prediction made a few week.
ago by real estate men who hav.
made a close study of the situation In
Richmond and vicinity that the be-
ginning OF the year would bring .
revival of business is being borne
out ny the renewal of activity. Resi-
dence properties In the city and sub
urbs are in good demand. the tone
OF the market has improved generally
and inquiries for city and farm prop
erty have Increased in volume.
Real estate men. while not doing
so much as they would like to. have
grown more optimistic in the last
ten days than in several weeks. The
general trend of the buying having
been to securing of homes, they sec
in me situation promise of an early
return 70 normal conditions when
each week will have It's share of large
deals as In the days before the de-
preston. now near an end, came.
Large Deals Reported.
There were many deeds placed on
record in the city and county courts
during the week Just closed, show
bought for home purposes rather than
for investment. There have been ne-
gotiated few sales OF the larger
type. Among them are:
That reported yesterday by the Of
fee of J. ] Connolly 4 CO.. at Sew
enth and Franklin Streets. In which
Rev, j. ]. Wicker disposed of his AL
bemarle County farm. a portion OF tho
old Pantop farm, once owned by
Thomas Jefferson Randolph, This
portion Of the farm comprises 1874
acres, much Of which is given over
TO orchards
That reported earlier In the week
/ in which twenty-seven feet at thA
northeast corner OF Boulevard and
Floyd Avenue was sold by Catherine
w. Miller TO Emile eraser for s13.-
0oo.
A number of other transactions of
considerable size are being negcts-
ated and II is expected the next ten
days will see several of them closed.
Exchange to Meet january II.
The number OF deeds and their ag-
gregate value, going to record IN tho
court during the week have been
larger than those Of recent weeks,
and number of papers. ready to 60
into the courts are now in the ofYiceN
OF the realty agents or In the hands
Of new purchasers
An interesting event in the realty
world will be the annual meeting OF
the Richmond Real Estate Exchange.
which Is scheduled for January ~.
manage of the exchange for the
present fiscal year will be held
Tuesday afternoon at the Office of the
exchange . The routine OF the year
will be cleared mp and reports to he
! made to the members at the annual
session on January q win be COM
pIeted.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
IMPROVEMENT IN
BUSINESS OUTLOOK
STATISTICS AND STANDS COMMIT
TEE OF U. 8. CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE REPORTS.
CROPS HAVE BEEN GOOD
MANY FACTORIES THAT HAVE
BEEN IDLE ABOUT To RE
SUME-FRCIT YIELD LARGE.
CATTLE HANDICAPPED.

Washington. ID. G., Jan. 9.-Gcn
orally reassnring business conditions
and prospects are reported by the
committee on satisfies and standards
OF the Chamber Of Commerce OF the
United States The European war IN
acknowledged to have had a wide
spread. and depressing effect on In
dustrial and commercial conditions
throughout the country, but the ma
tionat chambers committee declares
that many Idle factories are prepar-
Ing to resume operations and enl
ployes are being taken on where de-
creased forces have been working.
Crops in general have been good.
The entire wheat crop shows an in
crease of . IL per cent over that of
last year, and In some Southern
points the increase Is over 100 per
cent, The report states that all in
dications are that the amount or
wheat being held for higher prices is
much less than is generally supposed.
1t is especiaAs worthy ef ffee--that
some sections are planting winter
wheat for the first time in their his
tory. and II IL predicted that IL the
war continues until spring the acreage
planted n grains will exceed that OF
oil former years. The sugar cane crop
pr onises IL be q good one. and to
command remuneratiye prices. The
report points out that while we ordi-
narily get most OF our supply from
Germany there seems TO be no diff
ficulty In obtaining sne necessary seed
and a larger acreage of sugar heets
is expected next spring than in 1914.
Fruit Yield Large.
The fruit yield was unusually large,
but a large portion is being held in
many localities. as prices have been
low and In the main unsatisfactory.
Apples in particular have beer stored
until prices are more favorable This
condition applies also to the potato
crop.
The cattle business is confronted by
serious handicap In the fact that
there liz great difficulty In obtaining
loans on cattle. Tyle industry Is far
Their unfavora bly, affected in the CEN
trail west, owing n the quarantine re-
suiting from the foot and mouth dis
ease. In this section hog cholera Ia
also prevalent. though not so destruc-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
MANY COWS Do NOT
PAY THEIR BOARD

Blacksburg. Va. Jan. o.--John r.
Hutcheson field agent in demonstra-
ton work at the Virginia Polytechnic
Institute gives out the following
statement OF interest 70 the farmers OF
Virginia: Feed Is very scarce this
year on account OF the long drouth
and unless all signs fail. the price OF
food is going TO be higher than usual
this winter. 1t is, therefore, very
important that the dairy farmer
know which of his cows are giving
him a profit. and WHICH are eating
more than they pay for. The only
way To be absolutely sure of this h
TO have a pair OF milk scales and q
Continued on Second page)
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
WAR TAX ON DEEDS.
Rsgulations 70 xoyern the 81

Regulations to govern the plac-
ing Of war tax stamps ON cOnvcy-
antes OF real property were tsfucd
during the week. The Tux b ~
cents on . valuation Of ef00 ~
e5ee. with 80 cents Ter -eAeh add1l~
tionsal $500 or fraction thereof.
The regulations make Il pfniIE
that whore the consideration III
nominal. or ~, the tAx mret NJ
computed ON the actual vaIue ~
the property, liens dcxiuc9cd, -
the xraIator becomes 1lah1o ~ tl11
penalty n The pe04er aSsDu
stanaRN. II n0t aAlxet1. a 80 g Y
ssrod n ~ Sai - O.
M0g Gxe M - = Il ]
- g !!
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
TOBACCO LIKE GOLD
TO MAN IN TRENCHES

Messages arriving at London from
the front, saying that tobacco in like
gold dust to the soldier. nave N
touched the sympathy of smokers that
mail 10 the continent is now filled with
cigarettes, pipes and plug cut. Socie-
tiee are formei for the collection Of
tobacco in it's various forms ana
boxes for such contributions are now
prominent on hotel desks and othsF
places freauented by smokers
snuthera Tuhaccn- Journal.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
FAIRFAX PEOPLE VOTE.
ROAD ISSUE TUESDAY

Fairfax, Va. Jan. 9.--T'he people Of
Providence District win vote. next
Tuesday, on the question of $4,000
bond Issue to complete the macadam
road from Vienna to Langley. dis
lance OF lie miles, and to recon-
sfrnct The road from Tyson's Corner
10 West Falls Church. distance Of
Ia miles.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10

Herman Baker & Co, OF New York.
cutlery importers. who filed bank
ruptcy petition September 4. will pay
creditors In full, part cash and part
on time. Liabilities were given as
sa.07la52 and nominal assets s2,-
e5s,345
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
Eirht Per Cant Given Employek.

Farr Alpaca Company of Holyoke
distributed Tuesday s,so0 Checks to
en- ployes covering s per cent wage
dividend. same rate as paid on the
stock Amount involved was
500, 600.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10

Grain Traffic Doubled.
Grain traffic in December was
heavy, over 10000 cars reaching Chi
cago, or almost double previous year.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
ank Of Sweden Reduces Rate.

Bank Of Sweden Reduces Rate.
The Bank or Sweden Tuesday re-
duced its discount rate from 8 per
cent TO 8 Ia per cent. National Bank
Of Copenhagen reduced it's discount
rate from s per cent to 5 IL per
cent.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10

tContint- ID on Second Page.)
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10

Continued on second page,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10
Fruit Yield Large.

CONTINUED on Second page.)
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10

Continued on Second Page }
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-01-10

Continued on Second page
Detroiter Abend-Post. (Detroit [Mich.]) 18??-19??, 1915-12-07
Sdiffsfreiit pDr &dtitl.
Wtinneiota &apitan tuia Gage ieines
Suntpfers nidt anseben.
Samtlihe aeiiel bes Sdiffes iinh
anber Yefrieb.

Gan Sroncisco Z. Se5.
S6iffsfreiie fonnen i;A heute ni9t
erflGren, morum &apt. @arIid BON
benz bei61bieten @reat Nortbern-
Sanlpfer Winneiota ''d, ipeigert, bic
genoue Gage ieines I'M S5eon Bills
los berllnttreibenben Sdiffes BE-
fannt5ugeben. Ytan eripartet lebodl,
befinitipe SSnforn1ntion bon Dem
Sdleppboot 9oltntlcB unb benl
@rod6ornpfer SSSaqua 5u erbalteit,
Die bier am Sreitag benl 9anlpfer 81
SiIfe geianbt ipurben.
8eitern friib tpurbe bie Gage Der
Winneiotn nit pieraig WfeiIen norb-
lid bon Gebros S5sIonb on Der &iiite
bon Inter Californian oneegeben.
aapt. @orIid moIlte aber nidt NIT
teiIen, mo fid Dos Sdiff 5u Wittas
befanb, aIs er brabtlos angefragi
ipuroe. Gie Winneioto lit bon Son,
neritag friib Biz Santitae 0aitter-
noht mir so DeeiIen eetrieben, rno
eeitrige WeIbuneen bes Shifies be.
iagten. bob ollie ieiue 9effel auber
8etrieb iirtb.
G. %. @ilep, BET biefine Warine.
superintendent Ser Great Hortbern
Steonibip Co., 1T BET @nfift. bos
ebernifaIien, bic In bos Waifcr gelegi
tporben iDarerl, ben 0ieoerbrnh her
Winneiota neriduloet baben niosen.