davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11

Smoothing Drag or Harrow-ExeeI-
lent Tool for Dragging Out and Kill
ing Weeds.
It should never be allowed to go to
seed The patch, If seen early enough,
can be dug up, going deep enough to
insure getting all the roots. Shake
them out and burn. This may seem
no small task, but one will find that 1t
is insignificant when compared to the
labor of determination, II allowed to go
unmolested for several years. The
writer has seen entire fields taken in
ten years time, when a few days la
Dor at first appearance would have
effectively controlled the pest.
II 1t has obtained foothold in any
considerable area, then II is a matter
Of cultivation to exterminate 1t. The
patch should be allowed to grow until
the first heads appear 1t should then
be plowed to depth Of six or eight
inches. 1t should be thoroughly pull.
verified with the disk and narrowed SO
that subsequent cultivation can be
easily accomplished. The reason for
the late blowing is to allow as much
growth above ground as possible at
the time Of heading, when the great
est possible amount of strength and
vitality Is being forced into the pro-
duction of seed and the root system
may be possibly weakened and more
easily destroyed by the blowing. After
this first pulverization no green blade
OF the grass should be allowed to ap-
pear above the surface.
Frequent surface cultivation win at
tain this end. This is why 1t is essen
tial to pulverize the soil thoroughly
when it Is plowed. II the sod is left
much as the pillow leaves II. no subse-
quent cultivation can be given and 1t
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11
OVERPRODUCTION IN INTENSIVE FARMING
A Convenient Rack for Hauling Fodder.

done at any time until 1t is too late to
permit the crop to mature before frost.
The land should be plowed in the
spring for surface planting and then
allowed to lie rough until about seed.
ing time when it should be smoothed
with drag harrow or disk. For fur.
row planting spring blowing is not
necessary. A lister like those made
for planting corn can be used on
stubble or cotton land without pre-
Yious preparation. If the farmer does
not have a lister the furrow can be
laid out with a pillow and the seed
planted with one-horse drill after the
manner Of planting cotton or corn.
Planting in burrows is recommended
for western Texas or Oklahoma, and
fiat or ridge planting for all the region
east Of this where the rainfall is more
abundant. When planted in rows SO
to "A inches apart to pounds OF
seed to an acre are sufficient. Sorghum
seed is usually cheap, but the farmer
is urged to buy only standard varieties
from a reliable dealer.
When planting in rows, thorough
cultivation is as essential to the
sorghums as to corn. This method
produces larger yields and the crop is
better prepared to Withstand drought
than IL broadcast or drilled. Where
the latter method is followed, how.
ever, the practice Is the same as for
oats or any other small-grain crop.
Cowpeas or soy beans are also fire.
quently mixed with sorghum to i'm.
prove the quality Of the hay. This is
especially frequent on dairy farms.
Three parts Of cowpeas or soy beans
to one of sorghum seed is the usual
proportion. From so to 90 pounds OF
the seed mixture is required to the
acre.
As pasture, sorghum is safe only
after 1t has become fully matured;
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture)
In order to make the small farm
profitable, It is, in most cases. neces-
sary for the farmer TO devote himself
to some intensive type Of agriculture
such as truck farming, poultry. fruit
growing, intensive dairylng, etc. Be
fore any Of these can be successful,
the market demand and transportation
facilities must be adequate. When
perishable products are grown far
from their markets not only are the
freight and commission charges apt to
be prohibitlye, but In the period be-
tween the shipping of the commodity
and It's sale on the market, prices
which were attractive at time OF ship
ment may have dropped with results
disastrous to the grower.
Intensive crops such as garden
truck, fruit, etc, have a much wider
range and more rapid fiuctuation Of
prices than staples like wheat or corn.
A comparatively small acreage is suf-
1cient to supply the demand for the
intensive crops. 1t is very easy there
fore to increase this acreage TO a
point where the market is flooded and
prices drop Immediately. Taking the
country as a whole, vegetables includ-
ing potatoes, occupy only two and one
half per cent of the crop area, and this
acreage. under present conditions. fur
nishes about all that the market can
absorb at a price that viii be profit
able 10 the grower
II the farmer is ill-advised enough to
undertake the production OF garden
truck at a time when the supply is
greater than the available markets re-
quire, II is comparatively easy mat
ter for him to correct his mistake. In
the case OF fruit. however, It takes
longer to produce a crop, and SINH
lar mistake is therefore likely to be
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11

can readily be identified by it's long,
slender spike or head the spikelets
arranged alternately, much like wheat
grass or the rye grasses. Aside from
this, the plant grows from under
ground rootstocks or rhizomes, which
would aid in making identification pos
tive.
1t produces both from the seed and
these underground stems. II the lat
ter are cut up into sections, each Of
which has but one node, and planted,
they will produce an individual plant.
We see, then, that the pest after once
getting established can very quickly
spread to all parts of cultivated field
by simply leaving portions of the roots
broken of and deposited again by the
harrow, cultivator or almost any farm
tool
The matter Of eradication is not
serious one, If taken up in earnest as
soon as a patch Of the pest appears.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11
KING OF ALL FORAGE CROPS
First Appearance of Alfalfa Was In
New York State In te21-Plant
ls Of Great Value.

Alfalfa is rising In it's leguminous
glory until it is regarded as the king
of forage crops. And well may this
be so. Its first appearance in this
country was in New York state. about
1921, but it was discarded because its
cultural needs were not understood.
1t was passed and forgotten for about
thirty years, when 1t again came into
the United States from Mexico by
way Of Chile. This time the seeds
we're planted in the fertile soil of sun
ny California where it found condi.
tons to its liking.
Alfalfa was rapidly adopted in the
irrigated sections of the West as the
staple hay crop, since it produced a
greater tonnage of nutritious hay than
did the grasses then grown, and be-
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11

that is, after the seed has become
hard. Before this time, especially aft.
er period of drought, poison some
times forms which is fatal to stock.
Where there are two growths the sec.
ond Is considered more dangerous
than the first, and any stock allowed
to pasture on it should be carefully
watched.
In feeding the hay, from Is to 25
pounds a day will be found sufficient
for milk cows and work horses, If 1t is
accompanied by the ordinary amount
Of grain. Beef cattle, however, should
be fed all that they win eat clean.
Stock cattle and horses can be carried
through the winter on a liberal guam.
tity Of sorghum without any grain.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11

more serious. The acreage devoted to
fruit is even smaller-one and three
fourths per cent of the country's crop
area-than that devoted to vegetables
Until there is increased consumption
either In this or other countries &C.
cessible to our growers overproduction
can easily occur.
Sorphums for Southern Live Stock,
Every southern farmer who is pro-
ducing beef or milk should grow the
sweet sorghums. These are not rec
commended as money crops. but as a
fodder they are practically equal in
value to corn while as a rule better
yields can be obtained. They should
be consumed for the most part on the
farm where they are grown or at least
ct points within hauling distance.
The sorghums are particularly use.
ful as sllage, which is essential to the
live stock owner and particularly to
the dairy farmer. The various south
ern states report yields of from 16 to
20 tons Of sorghum silage per acre,
which Is an average of from 2 to 4
tons more than the yields of corn,
while the relative value pound for
pound of the two feeds has been found
to be much the same by experiments
conducted at the Kansas agricultural
experiment station. In fact for beef
cattle these tests showed that sweet
sorghum sIlage was, II anything. su.
perior to corn silage. The sorghums
intended for silage. however. should
not be harvested before they are fully
matured. II cut when the seed is hard
there will be no trouble from spelling
or from excessive acidity. From 20 to
80 pounds per day is considered a full
feed. but this should always be sup
plemented with IL to Is pounds OF dry
roughage and some concentrate like
corn or cottonseed meal. Cottonseed
meal combines particularly we'll with
sorghum silage, and since this meal
IL always abundant In the South. this
Is another reason for growing the sor-
ghum.
For forage In the South the sweet
sorghums viii be found better than
the grain sorghums. such as milo,
kafr and feterita, which suffer from
the attacks Of the sorghum nudge. OF
the various varieties the Sumac,
Orange. Amber, Gooseneck and Honey
are probably TO be preferred. The Am
Der and Orange are the earlier kinds
and two cuttings can often be obtained
from them. All Of these varieties re-
spond excellently to good sol. but they
succeed on many different types: q
rich, loose, weIl-drained clay loan soil
& the best. A water-logged clay or
extremely sandy soil VIII not afford
profitable returns. Fertilizers strong
IN nitrate applied to poor soils win
produce good results and the free use
Of harnysrd manure Is always advis-
abla
Sorehums may be planted as soon
- the ground becomes warm In the
spring. Usually from enc to two weeks
IAssr than Indian corn When the sea
ssa Is favorable. he planting may be
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11
PRUNING for Woods.

In pruning for wood the following
rules are usually applicable: Weak.
growing varieties may always be
pruned generously, strong-groving
kinds lightly; varieties which branch
freely need little pruning, those hsv-
ing unbranehing limbs should be
pruned more severely: rich. deep
soils favor growth; prune trees in
such soils lightly; In shallow. sandy
soils trees produce short roots, and
the wood should be closely cut.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11
INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY
Farmer Can Secure More Cotton by
Planting on Area Where Le0umI-
nous Crops Have Grown.

Inasmuch as green crops suitable
for hog cholera can be maintained in
the South practically every month in
the year. 1t is possible for the south
ern farmer to make more money than
the northern farmer upon hog-pro.
ducing operations, and the profits
made are In proportion to the amount
Of green food used. But in addition
to making ready money on the hogs
themselves the farmer who grows le-
guminous crops and grazes them OF
with hogs has a fertilizer factory on
hts own farm. In a test st the Ar
kansas station, hogs grazed upon areas
Of peanuts, chufas and soy beans. The
following two years the land was
planted In cotton, and data were col
lected to determine what effect this
grazing might have upon the cotton
yield.
The effect was remarkable; for in.
stance. in the case Of soy beans and
peanuts the increased yield Of cotton
was AS and GIL per cent. respective
~. The effects OF growing these crops
and grazing them on does not stop
with the cotton grown the year i'm.
mediately following the grazing. The
data show that the increase over the
corn lot was still considerable In the
second year. II is therefore apparent
that the farmer can get more cotton
when Il Is planted on an area where
hogs have grazed or where peanuts,
soy beans, or other legumes have beer
rrnwn.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11
Healthy Young Alfalfa plants.

cause OF its popularity in the West.
spasmodic attempts we're made In the
East to establish It.
Many tried but few succeeded. It's
requirements we're almost unknown.
and where a stand was obtained 1t
was without effort on the part OF the
planter. But the value OF alfalfa was
too great to be kept in a restricted
locality. Investigators sought and dis.
covered its cultural needs. and once
these became known, alfalfa spread
over the country from coast to coast
and established itself as the king Of
forage crops.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11
KILLING QUACK GRASS
Steps Should Be Taken to Stamp
Out NOxiOus Plant.
Matter Of Eradication ls Not Serious
One If Taken Up In Earnest at
its First Appearance
Use DISK Harrow.

(By F. l. KENNARD, Idaho Expert
ment Station.)
Several inquiries have recently come
to this office relative to quack grass
and its determination. Apparently the
pest is gaining foothold in some sec
tons and steps should be taken at it's
first appearance to stamp 1t out.
The plant, no doubt, has been intro
duced through impure grass seeds. 1t
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11
Cause Of Roup.

Roup, one Of the most troublesome
diseases among chickens, is almost
always caused by damp quarters. Keep
the quarters dry and warm and the
yards clean and roup win not trouble
Won
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11

No farmer ever really lost any time
by stopping long enough to pick up
q piece Of board with 3 nail in 1t, or
TO pick up a piece OF loose barbed
wire about the place.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11
acuts- Trick Is Costly.

Some people think It Ia ''cute- to
let the puppy run through the flock
and set the hens to flying Maybe Il
Is, but the egg production win always
tall OF after such a performance.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11
The Weeder-one Of the Best Inple-
ments for Killing Young Weeds.

Is this that win eventually destroy the
grass. On some soils It may be advis-
able to replow the same fall, but gen
orally not until the following spring,
when the cultivation should be con-
tinued. Two years Of this rigid treat
ment should discourage the Quaek
grass and 1t win peacefully give up
possession OF the land.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11

II some mill feed mush be pur
chased as q source Of protein. cotton.
seed meal Is at present the cheapest
source A still better solution Of the
protein question Is to grow II in al
falfa or clover hay.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11

Ducks are very easily raised and
good layers or good market fowls,
win thrive in any climate With : dry
shed for shelter.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-11

The stomach Of the horse is small.
and he should have water often and
little az q time
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-07-09
POISON CUTWORMS
IN GARDEN PATCH
Kansas Mixture Scattered
Around Infested Areas Will /
Prove Quite Effective.
By A. g. RUGGLES, Minnesota Experi-
ment Station)

By A. G. RUGGLEs. Minnesota Expert
ment Station.)
The cutworm will get your garden
truck II you don't watch out. If you
haven't fall-plowed, you may success
fully fight the pests by the use Of poi.
son.
A slightly different formula from the
old-fashioned poisoned bran mash was
found very effective against grasshop'
pers in Kansas In 1912. In 1914, this
mixture was very successfully used
against crickets, army worms and cut
worms.
The formula for the Kansas mixture
is as follows: Bran, pound; paris
green, ounce; strip, u pint; orange
or lemon, v ounce; water, IN pints.
Mix the bran and paris green sep
arately while dry. Squeeze the juice
Of the orange or lemon into the water,
grating the peeling and pulp, and add
ing this also to the water. Dissolve
the strip in this mixture and wet the
poisoned bran, stirring thoroughly.
This mash is scattered around the In
tested areas.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-07-09

the test, but individuality causes great
er variations. These influences remain
fixed, however, and each COW has a
normal individual fat-test, and this
cannot be changed by feeding or man.
agement.
The following rules should be OBJ
served in sampling a cows milk for a
butter-fat test:
Select a period of normal feed,
weather and general conditions.
With all of the milking in one YES
sci, pour back and forth between pals,
three or four times.
Put small portion in clean,
tightly-sealed bottle, with some pre-.
sentative, as a corrosive sublimate
tablet, to keep the sample from sour
ing.
Repeat this with four or six success.
sive milkings, adding an amount to
the sample in proportion to the
amount of milk in each milking. After
each addition to this composite sam.
pie, whirl the sample bottle around
till all the cream which has stuck to
the sides Of the bottle is thoroughly
mixed into the milk again. Keep the
sample in a cool, dry place. Two
ounces of milk is enough for fat
test in duplicate.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-07-09
NEGLECT WILL SOON
DEvASTATE ORCHARD
Thorough Cultivation Is Needed,
but 1t Must Stop in Time to
Give Wood a Chance.

When you are pushing the young
orchard for growth 1t needs thorough
cultivation, but 1t should stop in July
in order to give the wood chance to
ripen before fall.
Rub of the water sprouts In the
center of the tree and do not allow
them to grow large enough to be
pruned.
Look out for the curculio on the
plum and peach trees. Jar them of
on sheets and be sure to burn every
one.
II you made the mistake of not
pruning your grapevines last winter
let them alone now, as bleeding would
be sure to follow the knife at this
season.
II you can arrange to spray Just as
the petals of the buds are we'll formed
you can save the bees, as a great
many are killed by spraying just as
the buds are blooming.
Your trees may look clean and
healthy. but that is no reason why
they should not receive careful atten-
ton this fall, and next spring as well.
Neglect will soon destroy an orchard.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-07-09
DAMAGED BY WINDS

M. d. Bowen was in from his drv
farm west of Blackfoot, Wednesday
and reports that the optimism of two
weeks ago has turned to pessimism
The dry farm crops that seemed as
sured at the close of the rainy per-
1od, and which men said would ma
ture If there was no more rain at all,
succumbed to the dry winds and
shriveled up until they hold out but
little promise. Spring blowing, he
says is absolutely dried out, and the
fall blowing and fall grain are doubt
full. II there should be heavy rain
soon and not followed by winds much
OF the crops would be saved, but
otherwise he thinks thousands of
acres will be worthless. and much of
it belongs to settlers who have put
their all into the crop.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-07-09
DETERMINING SIZE OF FLOCK
Much Of Equipment Necessary for
Small Number Of Sheep viii
Serve for Larger Number.

During the past, the prices OF wool
and mutton have had powerful in
fiuence upon the size Of the farm
sheep fiocks. There has always been
a tendency for most farmers to dis
pose of their flocks when prices be-
come low and to enter into the bust
ness again when the prices become
high. Where pure-bred sheep are
kept the size Of the fiocks are, as q
general rule, much smaller.
The work of caring for the flock
should be considered in determining
the size Certain chores must be done,
and many Of these would take little
more time with 80 than with 15 or
rs head. Much Of the equipment
needed for a smaller flock will serve
for a larger one. A ram will be nee
essary for a dozen ewes, while as q
matter of fact mature one could be
bred to so ewes fully as well.
As a general rule, under mixed
farming conditions, one sheep to three
OF five acres is considered advisable.
The question should not merely be.
How many sheep can you keep" but
How many can you keep healthy?"
A small healthy flock is much prefer
able to larger one that is diseased.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-07-09
KEEP FLIES FROM ANIMALS
Tar Often Can Be Used to Advantage
In Protecting Sore Places From
Irritating Insects.

(By q. H. GLOVER, Colorado Expert
ment Station)
There is probably nothing that win
keep flies away from live stock to the
extent that they will not be more or
less irritated by them.
Most of the coal tar products used
for dips to kill external parasites
ere useful when used over the body,
well diluted, and applied from spray
pump Oil of tar or pine tar can often
be used to advantage in protecting
places that have become sore from the
irritation of flies.
The following mixture has usually
given as much satisfaction as any
other: Synthetic oil of sassafras, four
ounces; lard or neat'sfoot oil, two
pints, and crude petroleum enough to
make one gallon. This will cost about
81 gallon.
This mixture should not be expen-
sive and will not need to be applied
as often as the other: Fish oil, 100
parts; oil of tar, so parts, and crude
carbolic acid, part
The best way to "swat the fly" is
before he is born. Allowing piles of
manure to accumulate in the stables
and yards for flies to breed in and
then applying some kind of dope
to keep flies away from the animals is
inconsistent, to say the least.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-07-09
HONEY Is LOOKED
UPON AS A LUXURY
Every Farm should Have Compile
ment of From One to Half
Dozen Hives of Bees.

Honey is looked upon too often as
a luxury. It is true that honey, es-
pecially comb honey, is delicacy In
that it takes the place of jam and jel
ly. In Europe, however, honey is a
household article and is used to a
considerable extent to replace sugar
in cookery The claim is made that
it is comparatively simple matter
to substitute honey for sugar or mo-
lasses in many recipes and that the
resulting flavor is often novel and
pleasing. Icing made with honey In
stead of sugar will keep soft and fresh
for months, and cakes, especially those
in which butter is not used, have been
kept fresh for several months.
The United States department Of
agriculture has made rather extern
sive investigation concerning the use
of honey, and has just published
Farmers Bulletin 653, Honey and It's
Uses in the Home, which may be SEE
cured for the asking. This bulletin
not only contains much general in.
formation concerning honey, its
forms, method of making and keep
ing, but also contains many recipes in
which it constitutes an important In
gredient.
Comb honey is practically certain to
be pure because the processes by
which 1t is adulterated cost more than
they will save. Formerly there was
a very prevalent idea that extracted
honey, that is, honey removed from
the comb, was often adulterated.
However, recent legislation regarding
adulterating. food materials has been
such that very little, II any, adulter-
ated honey finds its way to market.
1t is not necessary, however, for
farmers to depend on buying honey,
because every farm should have its
complement of from one to a half
dozen hives Of bees.