davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bolivar County Democrat., 1915-04-10
NOTICE OF COMMISSIONER'S
SALE,
Marcus L. Kaufman. Sols.

Under and hv virtue Of TIL. authority
conferrtd d upon me in that certain decree
oi the Chanc .ry Court OF the First lu'l1-
cial District of Bolivar county. Miss's-
sippi, rendered in the case OF +. &. Ba-
krl. ct. al. vs.. L. |. Hilliard. No. PSI.
Mt Rosedale. on ihe 18th da, OF Novem-
Der, A. D. 1914, and recorded III MN
ute Book III, at page 556 ot the
records of the thancerv
Court ,f sad county, i'll tho
office of he c,ancerv clerk. at kose'ale,
II. II. {. O.len Commissioner ot the
Chance our, of said First Judicial
District ot Bolivar comfy Mississippi.
will on
WEDNESn' THE 14TH DAY OF
APRIL A. D. 1915,
at the Western front door'of the court
1ou:e in the tswn Of Rosedale, sud
con- ty and State, between the hours
II II A. NJ. and P. M. o'clock, off r
'or s.,Ie and sell. to the highest nidder
Tor cash the folio wing descr.ocd land
living and being situated III the county
If Bolivar aud State of Mississippi.
to-wit:
All of the east hrlf Of the northwest
quarter tE1a Of NWl2) Of section thirty
(3o township twenty (2m. range
eight (Sl, west, lying north OF Williams
BAYOU.
While believe he title TO said and is
good. vet will sell aud cnuve, "nl,
s,Icl, lie rs IS vested in me bv virtue OF
the decree Of the Chancery Court above
referred to.
Witness nv hand this the 18th dav
OF NJ arch a. d. 1915.
H, c. OGDEN,
Commissioner of the Chancery Conrt
ot lsslivar county, Mississippi,
Sillers & Sillers, Attys.
The Bolivar County Democrat., 1915-04-10
TO HE EUBLIC.

Having bought the general S ore
of G P. Rice | m now ready to
supply you with inything in gro
ctries, hardware. dry goods or
river supplies. Thanking ,ou in
advance for whatever patronage
you may extend to me, I am,
Yours trnlv
GEORGE MCGEE,
The Bolivar County Democrat., 1915-04-10
PETITION FOR PARDON,

To Governor Brewer.
Jackson, Miss.
We. the undersigned citisens OF Mis-
sissippi. respectfully petition YOU TO
pardon Richard Robertson. who was
sentenced to the penitentiary for lite hy
the circnit court Of Bolivar county in
Nav. 1870. because we believe that II
he is allowed his liberty he will be a
hard working, useful negro.
Justin ]. Cassidy. u. C. Easley,
W. l.. Turner. ]. T. Jones.
l.. B. Jones, s. W. Turner
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
fourteen PRIZES WILL BE.0IlEN ~.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EVENING

I steps. 1t is most important for all
those who contemplate entering this
competition to get within view of this
stand. In the case OF the judges OF
the Japanese lantern parade, the Sc.
lection will be'Hade by three of the
invited guests In the directors box.
The awards In theSapanese lantern
parade will be made Immediately after
the parade has passed the<reviewins
stand. -
The following prizes will be given at
the army and navy ball: y
For the best dancers, lcoL 1e-$15
merchandise order ~
For the best dancers, male couple
$40 merchandise order. ~ I
AS in the case of the Japanese pa.
rade, the judges for the award of these
prizes will be selected from among the
invited guests in the directors box. (
The naming of these invited guests
as judges win be made by the prize
and. awards. committee itself, q major
fly ofythe members of which will be
present at every event, and indicate,
by a majority vote, the guests they
Wish to- acton the board tof judges.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
TOYS AND CT CONS .ssI
REHEARSE AT Sac

Members of Companies B and d Of
the National Guard who will appear as
Glooms or Joys I'M the Carnival ofsNa.
tions ball this evening assemble this
afternoon at 2:30 o'clock in the Arm.
DRY building for q drill and again at
$50 o'clock for final rehearsal
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
17H AND GAETY REIGN TONIGHT JOYS WILL ROUT GLOO IN BATTLE
PATRIOTISM TO BE KEYNOTE AT
0PERA.HOUSE1 TOMORROW evening

A big patriotic mass meeting will
be held tomorrow evening at 7:3o
O'Clock in the opera house, many
churches having voted to close and
unite in the special services Cen
trail Union, the Methodist, Christian
and several Hawaiian churches arc
among those that will hold no indi-
yidual evening meetings
The Patriotism Of Peace and OF
War;" is the topic for this great meet
ing celebrating the birthday of George
Washington, who embodied both kinds
Of patriotism. The addresses will be
given by Capt: Paul B. Malone, Us
A. an orator OF marked ability, and
Dr. Doremus Scudder, known on two
continents as a leading advocate Of
International arbitration and the
peaceful settlement of disputes be
tween governments.
The music for the occasion will be
q strong attraction. Mrs. Robbins B.
Anderson will sing Kipling's splendid
and appropriate "Reeessional," accom-
panied by Mrs. l.. Tenney Peck. The
Central Union Church choir has pro-
Vided two numbers, and the Kameha.
meha choir Of 10 voices, led by Mr..
George Andrus, will lead the congre-
gational singing. Well known patrio.
tic songs have been selected, the sing
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
GREAT NORTHERN ARRIVE
AT4:3OTOMORROW AFTERNOON

weathe and offers a. delightful space
which may be used as an observation
room or for dancing. These enclosed
spaces are on either side Of the for
ward deck house, which is OF steel and
Is fitted within with eommodious sofas.
chairs. etc, fer the accommodation OF
passengers. The sliding glass win
sdcws htted at the side enable passen-
gers to enjoy the fresh aireswithout
the discomforts Of spray and extremes
OF temperature which are incidental 20
an exposed deck. Immediately abaft
the observation room Is the main en-
trance and. stairway. extending from
the various decks to the dining room,
located three decks below.
Ths Turbines. -
The turbines are Of the Parsons
type Of latest design, plaeed In com
mon engine room together with the
auxiliaries whose functions are neces-
.sary for the operation Of the main en-.
gfnes. Steam Is generated by oiLfirea
watertube boilers. There are three
shafts. the center shaft being driven
by the high pressure turbine. each
wing shaft is driven hv the main low
pressure turbine. containing an astern
turbine in the exhaust easing. The
designated s. h. D. was $4,000, and
aeenda speed % knots for IL hours.
This was obtained on the trial Of the
Great Northern with SIS per cent boiler
capacity. the s. h. n. deveiCned IN tho
measured mile being $1,000 and the
mean of the three fastest runs O.. 995
knots.
Cargo Handlers.
For the speedy handling OF cargo,
the Great Northern Is well equipped
with the latest appliances. II is fitted
with two pole masts. On the fore
masts are. derricks capable of hand,
ling five tons each. On each side OF
the vessel five cargo Borts are placed
for handling cargo. The cargo in
vessel OF this character must neees-
sarily be more or less light in charac-
ter. and therefore very heavy weights
are not provided for. An exceptional.
" large number of norts pre- arranged
for the raUid handling ct, the cargo.
Special attention has been given to
brcv'sien for the TRANSFORMATION Of au.
tomobiles, a special port forward hay.
Ing been constructed so that the larg.
est limcusines can be accommodated
Arrangements have also been made Co
carry perishable freight. by providing
storage in refrigerated Compartments
OF about 10000 cubic feet capacity.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
PARADENILL.. -,
START Al g:SQ,
MONDAYhORNING


| i At $50 Monday morning the mill
taFge garrison Of Oahu will turn out
to do shonorsto the nations first pres
idente The l$3rd anniversary. Of
George Washing 0n,s a,birth will be
marked sbys q, parade of troops that
will surPass in size anything of the
kind ever 1seen i here before There
will be more marching men in the col
nmRt than in any previous year, and
the showing will be more impressive
ia every way. .. r.t.s''z.,..,-..y =
Il The. parade Will be commanded, j, by
Mai.sGen. Carter who will be. accom-
panied by the full department staff.
BFigsgen. John p. Wiser will COM
mand the LIST Hawaiian Brigade Gov
ernor Pinkham will review the troops
fronlsa, stand erected on; the Mckinley
highhscho0l grounds, corner Victoria
and Beretania Streets and after pass
ing the reviewing point and turning
west en- Beretania street, Gen. Carter
will turn, out and review the column.
As only a limited number of seats
are available in the reviewing stand
and the two -wing-stands, admission,
. 'NhBSh 40 Will NC
by ticket onlyfl No one not holding
coupon will be allowed in the stand
30. Following are the organizations that
will parade, given in their order in
the column:
Company i, 3rd Battalion of Engi-
neers; 1st infantry, 25th Infantry, End
Infantry, Coast Artillery battalion, LIST
Field Artillery, 4th Cavalry, Field
Company E, Signal Corps; LIST Infan-
try, National Guard of Hawaii; cadet
battalion, the Kamehameha schools. =.
The line of march will be from Aaia
Park along King street to Victoria,
thence to Beretania, thence to >Kapio.
lani. where the parade will be dis
missed.
r. All the troops from Schofeld Bar.
racks that are to take part in the
parade are now camped in or near
the city.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20

Fourteen prizes will be awarded this
evening by the prize and awards com
mittee, OF which Frank Dougherty is
the chairman. Seven OF these prizes
will be given on the Japanese parade,
five viii be given for the Carnival of
Nations ball, and two for the army
and navy ball. -. 10.
The first prize in the Japanese pa
rade, the grand prize, will be given for
the best illuminated and decorated
float. The prize is q $50 merchandise
order. The second prize is for the
best designed program, and is for
$50 merchandise order Two awards
will be made for floats according to
their grade of decoration and design,
the first prize in this class being for
a $50 merchandise order and the sec
end fora $40 order The fifth prize
will 60 to the most orderly foot pro-
cessicn of an organized body, and will
be IS merchandise order. The last
two prizes are awards which viii go
to the Japanese high schools and the
Central Japanese Institute of Hawaii,
q IS merchandise order in each case.
The prizes for The Carnival of Ma
tions viii be- awarded as follows:
The most original costume, male
80 merchandise order.
The most original costume, female
$40 merchandise order.
The best fancy costume, male$10
merchandise order.
The best fancy costume, female
SO merchandise order,
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
FR6GIBADD, WILL
HERAID. ADIgLuB
IN THE PARADE

A frog band will be one of the new
and novel features of the Ad Club
parade which will officially open the
Carnival this. evening. 4. L.fSchwarz.
berg and l.. G. Blackman are rcohspir.
ing with Director,general Dougherty
to,make this stunt success and it's
Fumored that some of the comedians
from the. Honolulu School for Boys
win comprise the frog band. q. .s.., .
The mounted submarine brigade is
another mystery which, will be shown
in the parade this evening Nc
explanations of this paradoxical title
have as yet been advanced ~ Other
stunts introduced by AID Club men will
help make this parade we'll worth see
ing. A. -. r. 81. sfer se.-,.. ....,
/. The Ad. Club Carnival parade viii
leave the foot of Fort street att 8
or. just after the Japanese lanteT1tpar-
ade reaches the Capitol grounds.
Those who. are out to. see the lantern
parade should watch for sthesAd Club
hers who will be shortly behind. =
Leaving the foot of Fort street, the
parade, will travel upt to King and then
over. to Nunanu. From Nuuanu to Ho-
tel, sthen waikiki to Bishop, down
Bishop to King and then to- the Capt.
toll grounds where the Queen Of the
0ccident. and Queen of the Orient
with their attendants will step from
their handsome float to be received
by the Queen of Hawaii. This will
open the Carnival Of nations and the
Carnival s pirit will reign supreme. r,
All members of the AID Club are
urged to appear in full regalia at the
foot of Fort street not later than 1890.
The Filipino, Chinese, Korean and Ha-
waiian marching sections will be lin
ed up by Grand Marshal John H.
Soper with his aide ]. A. M. John
son. There will be a marching sec
ton for the general public Just behind
the Ad Club and four military bands
have been promised by Director-gen.
eral Dcugherty. Watch for the big AID
Club Carnival parade this evening.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
keep ANEYEOUT
.FORP|CkPOCkETS,
POLICE WARNING

Beware of pick pockets Guard we'll
your wealth while mingling with the
Carnival throng. While away from
home keep valu bles under lock and
Ike
These are a few hints to Honolulans
and strangers within the city'S gates
from the police.
Several suspicious characters have
.drifted into the city with the crowd,
says Capt. Of Detectives Arthur Nc
Duffie Sheriff Charles Rose has tax.
en- the initiative and today ,det lied an
increased force of uniformed foot and
mounted police to maintain order. in
crowds and protect them from crooks,
Several - weIl-knoNn crooks and
shady characters from. the mainland
have recently reached this city" said
Capt tMcDuffje this morning We
have been supplied with pretty, accu-
rate descriptions of the. men by
coast detective bureaus, also the local
fraternity will, not. be, absent, at the
main carnival events. While Homo
lulu crowds are generally free from
this gentry, the department believes
it wise for the people to take, every
Precaution. "l,rss ~4, .. .... .,..r
Capt. McDutfie has volunteered a
few rules. Here are some of them:
sSHaEe,a mind on your yaluables
while -mingling, in the crowd.
4iDo not carry purse or yaluables In
side Or, hip pockets. Keep these
things out. of sight,, ..,,,,..r,....
Women are warned againct wear
ingYwatchespp OF, jewetry prominently
displayed. .,.r.al.;. ..4... t.. ii
do not leave houses unprotected
Place all yaluablesr under lack and
keY..uoet
do not carry purses or satehels in
the hand. ~ci... T., her, 49,. -...uts -
4,,aBe careful while waiting, at ticket
windows. This is where the profes'
SIGNAL pickpocket-s will attempt to reap
iagreatest haryestls~v .s4rEa42
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20

! ing of which led by the Royal Hawaii
an band, will give the Carnival week
stirring patriotic enthusiasm.
The program follows, Richard n
Trent. presiding:
/. Song-"The Battle Hymn Of the
Republic"
2. Invocation-Rev F. E. Brace OF
the NJ f. Church.
3. Song-"Onward Christian Sol
diers."
T. Scripture and Prayer-Rev. d. G.
Peters, First Christian Church.
5. Holy Savior" Sung by Male
Quartet and Mrs. Chas. l.. Hall.
G. Address - The Patriotism Of
War" Capt Paul B. Malone, U. s. A
Z. Solo-Recessional. Mrs. Robbins
B. Anderson.
s. Address - The Patriotism OF
Peace" DR.. DoremHs Scudder.
9. Duet. Waterman Tell Of the
Hour" Mrs. Brown and Bolton.
TO- America"
II. Benediction Rev. Akaiko
Akana.
No admission will be charged an !
there will be no collection. Mr.. w. F.
Gaynor will be on hand with stan
of ushers at 7so'clock. The platform
will be occupied by the choirs, speak
ers and prominent citizens. Of Homo.
lulu. IA -. =
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20

Women voters of Chicago must tel
their ages when they registery
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
CARNIVAL WINDOWS
At WHITNEY & MARSH'S
: UNUSUALLY BEAUTIFUL

The Carnival week window display
at Whitney G Marsh is worthy of
note. One window is done in the Car
niyal colors. A beautifully dressed
masked figure being the center Of at
traction.
The >other window is a patriotic"
window the national colors furnish
ing the color scheme, which is. Worked
out, in such an effective manner as to
render mere words utterly futile. 1t
is worth trip to see them.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
SIS PRIZE is. OFFERED,
FOR BEST PHOTO. OF
FIREWORKS DISPLAY

w. H. Wilson, director of the vari.
GUS Carnival fireworks displays, is Of
fering through the Carnival directors
a prize of $25 for the best photograph
of the fireworks events along the
waterfront, at Moiliili and Punchbowl.
Photographs are to be sent to ]. A. NJ.
Johnson, p. o. Box 612, chairman of
the fireworks committee. A commit.
tee of five judges will be chosen in a
few days. -#
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20
CHINESE GIRES CAN'T.
MARCH in. THE PARADE

Airs. Morrie zap, representing the
Chinese girls whoswere to have taken
part in the Carnival of Nations pa
-rade> tonight, announced this after
noon that on account of, threatening
weather the girls could not take part.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20

Their costumes are very fragile ana
gaudy and would be ruined by, rain.
Chuck Hoy, chairman of the commit.
tee. says, however, that there will be-
big contingent Of Chinese young
men in line justrthe same. doing thei1
part to make the parade a success.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-02-20

The Bank Of England may advance
e 4.000. 600 to Greece.
Princess Elizabeth OF Rumania will
become the bride of Crown Prince
George Of Greece in the spring.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-06-06


and PaWnecs and Sac and FuN. N
,beso old bnIsos cn,Id Lut t,u what
reinaINapI' history Co"Iu p' VIII
ten
1t was to this section that the
Doolins came after their battle with
the officers at INGALLS,. Ouantrcn and
his men were i'm This section during
the civil war. the James BOYS knew
of. these hills as "A safe hiding place.
the paltous were I'm camp here prior
to milling off their last bank rob
berry in CoffcvyiUc. Bin cook and
Cherokee Bin and their comrades
wore M homo i'm many of these cabins.
the Jennings gang cscaped along the
Cimarron here, and the Iatterlday
hands those that followed Bert Casey.
Rem Cr3y.rs and Henry Starr-aI Of
thon came to this section when they
woud cvade the officers. Many have
becn the battles in these hills. men
have disaupeared here. never to be
heard of again. il was "A wild section
eyen after oId oklahoma TERRITORY had
reached IFS twentieth birthday.
ou I,,o,,,,hor.
NOW however IT, II " H,'Ii"" Vi
derrlcks ana pipe HheS. OF lI"WInB
WelIs ana Dug Easser9 "I ''nH i,'i l, ms
ana power slauohs -" neIt on ~ S%u- %
preme and where all men nave gone
mad m the gamble ihai mas Ie'cnSu
its greatest dimensions. ENeh iHe
creeks nave turned To on, spring IJu'
the streams were Formerly among tue
pureSt IN water supply III lHc S,"ly
today theN are iHuIhS an" pI"ON,
flowing with on mat reaches even as
Tar east as lit MlSalSNl PPI' Ht',ulol 'l' b
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-06-06
MARKHAM To HAVE
BIG CELEBRATION
Ball Games, Horse Races
Barbecue, Etc, on June
II and 13.

Special 10 The World
MARKHAM. June 5.-Two whole
days of gayety and good time will be
held i'm Markham on June . and l3.
Ball games, horse races, free barbecue
dinner and various concessions like
merry -go-round will be the attrac-
tons The town has declared holidays
on bOthm dates and the entire pOpula-
uon Of the city and surrounding field
will turn out to the big celebration.
The Drumright baseball team will
meet one of the other fast teams of
the oil field league. possibly Jennings
or Supulpa. on both days, and the
track has been improved and made
ready for the races. Markham is one
Of the largest oil field towns. 1t was
named i'm honor of the spectacular
John Markham, jr., who recently sold
his holdings in that locality for more
than two million dollars.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-06-06

Special to The World.
DRUMRIGHT, June "a one
room log house, ten by fifteen feet.
built of poles and chinked with red
Oklahoma mud, still stands on the
townsite Of Drumright, a monument
to the time when the Cushing oil field
was a sparcely settled wilderness and
j. w. Fulkerson, now the largest
original land owner in this section,
was monarch of all the surveyed. "
As much so as any Kansas jack rab-
bit. The father of the Fulkerson fam
lily never lived in the house. He built
it for his Oldest son to dwell in, with
his newly acquired wife, no longer ago
than 1908.
The house is in good repair.
The bark on the logs still clings to
the tree trunks.
The door still swings on its original
hinges and the city ching mud has
not sifted from the cracks.
Today IL serves as the best hen
house in the city.
The first occupant of the house is
now able TO live In the finest palace
in the country.
The idea of a vast pool Of oil laid
up In store for him underneath his
rude dwelling never occurred to him
until after two of his younger brothers
after him had taken their turn and
spent their honeymoon In the same
quarters.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-06-06
\ Myriad of DcTriclls.

\ Myriad Of Dcrriclls.
Today one can stand on the ground
with one hand on the roof of the
small hut and count derricks over
flowing wells until his eyes are tired
and still not have numbered them.
In 80 yards of the only door is the
third well ever drilled in the Gushing
field. 1t is not producing now, but is
a shallow well and it will be sunk to
the Bartlesvlle sand in the course OF
a few months, together with several
others in the immediate locality.
Less than $50 yards away, a stone
building built of sandstone quarred
from a nearby ledge, is being erected;
a building which will always be a
credit to the town of Drumright, even
If II should double in size several
times. At the time the log cabin was
built. one other house was in sight.
IT was the home of J. w. Fulkerson,
the father. That house Is still stand
ing too, a half-mile across the creek
east on another slight elevation. To-
gether the two houses stood there, in
sight in winter, but hidden by leaves
in summer, when stock wandered at
large and coyotes whined about the
doors at night and vast herds of cattle
were the only source of revenue. Land
that was high at a dollar an acre now
sells by the foot and the fourth largest
city in the state is building up around
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-06-06
Automobile Drivers in Oil
Field Earning High
Wages Now.
is THE SIMPLE LIFE
West Point Graduate Is
One of the Popular Pl-
lots in Drumright.
Special to The World

spec.el TO The World.
,r,,,,rI,t1r lima with all
=, ~ ~, '.., ,,,o,ins IN , VAST ma
tuC uI' -. ,t1 silId re1rie when the
JoIi'N Oh 'Hc "ll ~ iIt'vil,,,tht ,,na sr,tlI
r3lIroaG I'ut.,S ~ ,,',. ~ ,ro,n of
cia7S W., SU''v,, g,., tGo host Of tbctr
"pUul '''l' y n''r', r,,Id norhars who
vaiiIE ii s.,lH ~ Ioni, For something
VIII u' i"' i &c" I.;r w. I,,sin,ss dvindIe
I" no Ul ,r,,as. ara thr ,ItomobiIe
!" ho'hlI'E. !,n,. ,,.o irdrnrndrnt
iINCIS men, ot ci'auffrrrs They
business ,'gr,; ro. sai,rind men.
i@r,t @rt Hol lI''','''2 ,tlir ,,.,, Lnsinrss and
Ivy Toi" '',, ti,air o,,,, sunerfnr ability.
sue ru -" '''U'' "'t -, nba,,fferr has
MANY ,,, ,,.G,.I. i,, tnl,n and
Ioun" 'l'',,Soil ,,'.ibi,, @"' ~" ,,,n b1cE from
t5I''r iI,,,I ~ ,'S't, ~ fbo oil ffcId inst as