Evening star., 1915-02-01
PASSES OF CARPATHIANS
SEE SEVERE FIGHTING
Austrians Are Attempting to Carry
Struggle to Open Plains of
the Upper San. Il
TABRIZ TAKEN FROM TURKS
Victory in the Caucasus of Little
Military Value, But Is Deemed
of Considerable Political
Importance. ~

PETROGRAD, via London,
February 1. 2:I5 p.m--Russian
military authorities believe that
Field Marshal Won Hindenburg is
planning another thrust at War
saw, and that in fact he is already
developing general attack along
the Warsaw front.
Military activity recently has
been confined to limited spheres,
but the events of the last few days
are regarded as indicative of a
change in tactics. Especial sig
nihcance is attached to the great
violence with which the Germans
are resuming their attacks in the
Wyszogrod district, at the juno
ton of the Bzura and Vistula
rivers, and further south near
Bolimow.
Russians Extending Lines.
In East Prussia the Russians are
gradually extending their lines to the
northward. Tho most recent develop
ment in that section is the raid across
the frontier north of Tilsit, where are
located German granaries containing
large stores of rye. flax and bread
stuffs.
From the point of view OF Russian
staff officers. however, chief Importance
still attaches to the operations in the
Carpathians, where the battle front is
broken on account of the nature of the
country. The detached engagements.
which are occurring at various points
in the mountain passes and among the
foothills southwark are intended by
the Russians to Illustrate the evident
desire of the Austrians to carry the
fight to the open plains of the upper
San.
Large in Moral Effect.
Reoccupation by the Russians of Ia
briz. while of little Importance strateg-
ically, is considered of significance here
on the theory that it will impair Turco-
German prestige in Persia and prevent
the Persians from cooperating Sc
cretly with the Turks, as they are said
to have been doing. All of the opera
tions in the campaign against Turkey,
according to statements made here to-
day, are now taking place on Turkish
and Persian soil, Persian territory hav-
ing been freed of the Turks.
The occupation Of Tabriz was preced-
ed by q battle at Sophian, seven miles
northwest of the city. which was de-
Tended by Kurds. They were attacked
by mounted Cossacks. who charged re-
peatedly with their lances, engaging
the Kurds hand-to- hand. The Turks
after their defeat at Sophian evacuated
Tabriz and retreated toward Maragha.
fifteen miles away.
Russian View of Situation.
A Russian general who is an aid-de-
camp to Emperor Nicholas and 10
necessarily nameless gave an Asso-
ciated Press correspondent today the
Russian viewpoint of the military
situation. The aid had just returned
from inspecting the Russian forces At
all fronts except in the Caucasus. He
said:
To-day, exactly half year since the
beginning of the war. our second line
of troops is greater and our entire
armies are much stronger. The men
are more hardened and physically and
morally more ready.
THE enemys territory has been oc-
cupied in East Prussia and Galicia to q
greater extent than our most optimis-
tic expectations, while the Germans
are occupying practically the sams
lines as at the outset OF the war. The
distance between the Bzura river and
I'm miles than between Sochaczew and
warsaw, is strategically much less i'm
portant for the reason that there are
no fortified positions between the
three months. during which the Ger
mans have been occupied in vain at
tempts to advance, have been profit
ably used by us to fortify the line from
Iyangorod, which line is now practi-
cally lmpregna BILE
Deemed Part Of Empire.
"rhe territory occupied by us in east
r;alicia is now part and parcel of the
empire Lemberg and vicinity are we'll
fortified, and the population is well
satisfied with the new state of things.
In the Carpathians the Austrians have
been weakened by recent defeats. and
the German help there will be insuffi-
rient to infuse new blood into their
army.
in view Of the difficulties of
nnorta ton, as to where we were to
RET necessary mechanical implements.
has shown the strength and
of the Russian nation.
Nsny small wares formerly manu-
ractured for US in Germany and Aus
ria have been perfectly replaced in
he MOSCOW manufactures. Village
,andwork is producing satisfactory
.utIery. saddlery and munitions and
N making these things the peasant II
showing remarkable adaptability.
Now Making Barbed Wire.
'.Even machine articles are SUCCESS
July produced. Whom eur troops were