The state herald., 1915-03-26


Austrian war and came near involving San Ma
rino in a war with the dual monarchy
Since San Marines streets all run at some
precipitous angle drainage and sewerage Is no
worry Nature handles that Few horses arc
owned In the republic and in many cases the
family COWS heys-,o climb down stairways 10
get their daily pasturing.
Both Monaco and San Marino are part or
the group Of Italian republics and principalities
which maintained their independence until the
middle OF last century. The other little nations
were united as Italy but Monaco and San Ma
rno kept their Independence. The little repubhcs
and princpalties OF northern Italy were noted
for their thrift and Industry.
J. C. l.. de Sismondi says in THE Italian Re
publics:"
The 'navigilo grande' of Milan. which spreads
the clear waters OF the Ticino over the finest
parts OF Lombardy, was begun in il79. resumed
in 1857. and terminated n few years after, ards.
Men who medtated. and who applied TO the arts
the fruits OF their study practiced he says. that
skilful agriculture OF Lombardy aud Tuscany
which became a model TO other nations"
He says that the cities. surrounded with thick
walls terraced and guarded by towers. were for
the most part paved with broad fngsones while
the Inhabitants OF Paris could not stir out OF
their houses without plunging into the mud.
Stone bridges OF an elegant and bold architecture
were thrown over rivers; aqueducts carried
pure water 10 the Inc phlhce OF tn'
pedestas and signorle united strength with NAL
esty The most admirable OF those OF Florence.
the Paiazzo. .vecchio was built In 1898 The Log.
gia In the same city. the church OF Santa Croce,
that OF Santa Maria del Fiore. with It's dome. so
admired by Michael Angelo. were begun by tho
architect Arnolfo. scholar OF Nicolas d Pisa. be.
tween the years 1884 and 1900.
The prodigies OF the first born OF the fine
arts multiplied In Italy: n pure taste boidness
and grandeur. struck the eye In all public mon.
uments. and finally reached even private dwell
ings; while the princes Of France. England and
uermany. In building their castles seemed to
think only Of shelter and defense Sculpture In
marble aud bronze soon followed the progress OF
architecture; In 1900. Andrea 81 Pisa. son OF tho
architect Nicolas. east the admirable bronze
gates Of the Baptistery at Florence: about tho
same time cimabue and Gioite revived the art
Of painting. canclln music, and Dante gavo TO
Italy his 'Dylnp Commedin, unedualcd In sue
ceedins generations History was written hon
estiy. with serupulous research. and with grace
ful simplicity. by Giovanni vtani. and his
school. the study NJ morals and philosophy b.
ran, aud Italy. ennobied by freedom. enlightened
nations TN then sunk In darkness
The Republic Of Pisa was one Of the nrr, to
make known to the wofld the riches and tho
power which u small state might acquire by the
aid Of commerce and liberty. Pisa had aston.
shsd the shores Of the Mediterranean by ths
number of vessels and Fsiieys that sailed under
her nnE. by the ruccor she had given the cru.
sadcfr. by the fear she had inspired at constnn.
tnople and By The conuuoat Of Sardinia and tho
naicarlc isles. Pisa WAS the first 10 Introduce
into Tuscany the arts that nnnohle wealth. her
dome. her haptiHiory. her leaning tower. aud her
Cafppo Sanio. which the travellers eye en-.
braces ~ one glance but does not weary ot be.
holding. had been succrsHiyely built from tho
year i0gl 10 the end Of the twelfth century.
There ohofad oeuvfo had animated the genius "
the pisanH. tho great architects OF the thirteenth
century were. for the most part, pupils Of
Nicholas ~ Pisa"
a=
rfofessor FrIedenlhaI Of peflln has Uncovered