davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
BUILDING NOTES

Work is to start Monday on several additions to the plant of the Bridge port Brass Go. in Housatonic ave nue.
 Work begins next week on hand some one-story house for H. L. and !. R. Blaokman in Blackman place A tenement and business block is being erected in East Main street for Samuel Cohen A two family house is being. built in Edna avenue for Mrs Anna Sam ger.
 J. R. Dugas is arranging to have a six-famiIy block built in Hallette street.
 Arthur Wilkes has just let a con tract to have a three- family house b1il tin Iranistan/ avenue. A ,six-fanA1y house is being built in Pen1br roke street for Charles Rader. H. J. Neal is arranging to have a
 two family house built in HarraI ave nue.
 Alterations are. now under way to the building in which Harry Quinn's ] cafe is located in Fairfield avenue. Alterations of an extensive nature 1 will be made to the building occupied by John Fay, the upholsterer, at Fair field and West avenues. The building in Middle street for many years known as the Lafayette hotel has undergone many changes. floor has been remodeled and the To- cation of the stairways changed. All lterations are being made to the rooms on the second and third floors. !. Building permits. the aggregate cost of the work to be $s6.4T5, were
 granted last night by the building com nissi oners. The, permits were: TzN,~- 1 c7 south side of South avenue for Peter
 Roslo.
 Two family frame dwelling on l south side of Midland street for Carl ] H. Peterson. r Two stores and one family brick and frame building on wet side of
 East Main street for Peter 4Ruyfak
 One family frame dwelling on north side of Maplewood avenue for Joseph L. Gree11ing. Two family frame dwelling on west
 side of Sage street fo~ Olga Drachev- sky. Two story brick addition on north
 west lot of Fairfield avenue and West for Minnie B. Fay. dwelling on east side of Main street for Eliza .Martuccf. Frame porch on east side of Noble avenue for Margaret A. Drew Concrete block addition to garage on north side of State street for pr B. W. White
 Frame addition to store on nortt
 side of Putnam street for Michael BoI- ko.
 New store front on west side o1
 Broad street for George H. N John
 son.
 Two family frame dwelling on south side of MidIen street for Antonia and Jimmie Esposfta
 Tower building at 13o Churcf 1 street for John and Lizzie Hajdn. Frame barn on west side of Jack.
 sen avenue for Daniel Jennett. l I've family frame dwelling on west side of Ansoa street for K. L. Lang hammer.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
RUSSIAN MUNITIONS
 COMMITTEE NAMED

Petrograd, Aug: 14The committee appointed to inquire into the causes of insufficient ammunition suffered by the Russian military forces com prises General Petrioff, a member of the council of the empire, chairman; M. Naoumoff, vice-president of the sky, vice-pr esident of the Duma; ad- jutant-G General Panteleiff, and Sena- tor Posnikoff.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO.
SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON

By the good ship Ariosto, Captain Lambert, which arrived at the port of Kew York last evening" in short nassafFs s1f 'oays froEn Havre de Grace the editors or the Me1ScAn nelle Advertiser have received Paris papers to July 2s inclusive, from which they have made the foIlowing summary of their most important contents: X eaptaisl Lambert states that Bona parte voluntarily went on board the BeIlerophon (British ship "A guns ls near Rochefort, and sail from thence on the 22d of July for England He had previously written to the Prince Regent, claiming his protection. and asking an asylum in England This letter is published in the Paris papers and will be found below
 It was reported at aavre, when Cautain Lambert sailed that the Bel Ieropnon was at the Isle of Wight xUif5, Bonanarte on board, and it was said he would ba ordered to St. Helena
 Louis XVIII was fully reinstated on the throne of France
 The Prussian troops had become extremely 1icentious. The Emperor Alexander and the Duke of Yelling ion had declared that unless they de- sisted from their depredations, they .yFota1d withdraw their armies from France, a leave them to the ven- geancs of the enraged populace> whether this declaration had the de- lsired effect. was not known at Havre-
 Captain Lambert further states that on Thursday last he spoke the schooner JenneSt, Captain Pond. 2s days from Bordeaux for New York. Captain Pond informed him that in the Bay of Biscay he bespoke a brig from Leghorn which reported that Commodore Decatur had made peace with the D9g of A gierss ana that the ATf4ariCst5f sat esA was then in the harbor Of AIgfers.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
ITALIANS LEAVE AUSTRIA

Berne. Aug -14-More than 10000 Italian civilians in all have passed through Switzerland on their way home from Austria. Twenty five spe- cial trains were employed to convey them.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
IN TOWN.

Acting Master James H. Porter, formerly a Bridgeport boy, has been stopping in our city for some days. He will start tomorrow to join his vesseE the United States steamer Hefzei. to be stationed at Beaufort, N C. MT. Porter has rapidly won promotion by ability. pluck and strict attention to business Such men de- s.s....-.zzssEst.s.. e..l,sses.fl zs s
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
A sMAIM BLAZE

About a o'clock yesterday after noon, just after the passage Of the down express, Dennis switchhouse in East Bridgeport, was discovered to be on fire The matter was quickly at. tended to by the swItchman and sew eraa citizens, and a few buckets of water preserved the ornamental land spany.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
To NoNEYNAa.R. As uHa1EF.

OnsTnesdaysevenin sat 7.S0 o'clock ,4s1e members sof the Bridgeport fire ldepaetment will meet at the engine lhouae of the D. H Sterling, No. l. to inouina4e a chief engineer, subject to Che approval Of the Common Council
 l1e oflzer 1nesEinG was an irregular
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
FIFTY YEARS AGO.
GAILA ON HIM

George B. Rdggles, formerly lieu tenant in the famous Seventeenth. and who has hosts of friends in this city, has located himself with Beach. Sanrnais 6 Co, where he will be happy to wait on such of his. old friends and as many new ones as may desire anything in the clothing or gentlenen's furnishing line.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
pIF,AsANT LAWN PARTY

About 500 persons attended the lawn party given last evening under the auspices of the Odd Fellow en- campments and Daughters of Re bekah on the grounds of Mrs. J.p~G. Gerbichis residence, 723 Main street. |Decorati ons of electric lights, flags, flowers and lanterns made the scene a most pleasant one An orchestra fur nisffed excellent music and lunch of cake and ice cream was served
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
ANorhHER ON1E.

Ab0uf s5s30 D. nn. the Centre bridge WAS found to be on fire by George Warner ths blaze coming up through the bridge half a foot He ran for a pail of water and saved that elegant and architectural mass of rotten piles and r1cketE blanks from de- sxzfrucffou.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
TWENTY YEARS AGO.
ASSAULTED BY A seWHYO,

A gentleman who declfred to give his name. claiming to be a resident of Philadelphia. complained to Sergt Redgate last evening that he had been assaulted by a member of the 'fWhyo's gang. He said he was walking to- ward a trolley car on Oak street when attacked. The lady who was with him escaped by running t0ysthe ear, The complainant looked as though he had been roughly handled.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
ROMAN CATHOLIC

St. Augustine's, Washington ave nue. corner of Pequonnock street. Masses: 6, r, S:3o, 9:30 and 10:30 a. m.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
-2O-YEARs AGO
CTaken from the Files of The Evening Farmer)
 

the dock at g. A number of attrac tions have been arranged at the beacl and they will be admitted free to tn jballtgame.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

}, Sacred Heart. 71s Myrtle avenue Rev. Richard Moore. LID. pastor. Low masses. I. s:so, Children's mass, 9i3o. Last mass, 10:30.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

St. Stephens (F5ungarian3, Spruce. ccrner of Bost wick avenue, Rev. Ste phen Chernitzky. pastor. Low mass. g. Last mass, 10:3o.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

st.aGeorge's Lfth. R. c. church, Park avenue. Sunday masses g. and 10:30. Vespers and henediction p. m. Week day mass 7:3O. AI. A. Pankovski. pas-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

g St charlas', 1255 East Main street,
 Rev. Patrick McGivney. pastor. Low
 masses, 2 and 8. Chfldren's mass. SIS. Last mass. 10:so. Holy hour and ben 3ediction every Sunday evening at T.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

St. Michae.s 6Polish3, BIO Sterling street. Rev. Alphonse L. FigIewski. pastor. Low masses, and g. Last mass, 10:3o.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

Black Rock Baptist chapel, Brewster street, near Fairfield avenue, w. B. Oakley in charge. Sunday school at o'clock. Evening service with preach ing at 7:20. The girls choir will sing. Wednesday at 7:45, prayer and confer ence meeting.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

St Mary's, Pembroke street. corner Of Steuben street. Rev. John J. tMur- p1l9, pastor. Low masses. 7:3o and g.. 1o:30.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

son, rector. 8, Holy Communion; 10:30, morning prayer, ante Communion and sermon.
 St. Georges church, Colorado and Map1ewood avenues, Rev. H. E. Kelly, rector. Sunday. 1o:So a. rn., Maths and sermon.
 South Congregational church, corner Gilbert and Broad streets, Rev. Rich vice with the people of the North church will be held at 10:30 a. n., con- ducted by Prof. Benjamin W. Bacon, of the Yale School of Religion. New Haven, Conn. A cordial welcome is extended to all.
 West End Congregational church, Rev. E.. A. Thompson, pastor. Morn ing worship, 1o:3O. Sermon by the pastor. Sunday school and mems brotherhood meet at 12+m.s No evening service A cordial welcome to all.
 First Presbyterian church, State street, corner of Myrtle avenue, Rev. John MacLaren Richardson pastor | Services 1O:30 a.. m. Christian En- l deayor 6:30, and Sunday school 12 :O5. In the morning Rev. J. T. Pollock will 1 The Christians Joy" In the evening 7:a0 services in the Star Garden; if stormy, in the church, with address by John B. Vichert, D. D.
 Peoples Presbyterian church, RevH H. A. Davenport, minister. Mems prayer meeting, 10 a m. Divine wor- ship, 1C:3o a. m. with Rev. A V. s. 1 Wallace officiating. Sabbath school, 12 1 o'clock. Christian Endeavor, 6:30 D. m. Midweek service, Wednesday, -Au-
 gust IS, 7:45 p. n., Elder Cooper in charge.
 First M. E. church, Fairfield avenue and Broad street. Rev. John T. Lang lois, of Southport, Conn., will speak morning and evening: Sunday school at 124 o'clock and Mems Assembly at at 6;50Y Usual n1idweek service We'd tuesday evening. The regular services | of this church will be continued l through August.
 Services at usual at Ahe A.. M. E.. Gregory streets, Rev. W. H. E1ey, A.
 M-3 D. D., pastor. Subjects, 10:45, "A Clean Heart; 7:45 "A Goodly Heri- litage"; 12:15, Sunday school; 5 p. m Boys Brigade and Red Shield; 6: 30 V i c. E. Mrs. Alice W: Farrar, organist All are welcome.
 First Baptist church, West and Washington avenues, Rev. John Rich ard Brown, minister Services at 10: 30 and 7:30. Sunday school at 12.@ The pastors class for men. c. B. society T. Preaching by Rev. John E. vichert D. D., of Providence. R. I. Evening service in Star Garden, State street and West avenue, 7:30, in union with First Presbyterian church. Preaching by Dr. Vichert. Open air service. Good singing. All are invited. 
 First Church of Christ, Scientist, s71 Lafayette street. Services at II a. m
 Subject, Soul Sunday school at 1915. Wednesday, evenih testimonial meeting at 8. The reading room is open every day except Sunday from 10 to and from 3 to 5 and also on Thurs
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
s..sss.@z:::zwE@s.,.

A council of bishops shortly will be held in Rome, and the report is 9re- vived that Archbishop Ireland will be made cardinal. This report frequent Iy has been cabled from the other side, but this time it is stated with a great deal of positiveness.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

Secretary Daniels will call a. meet ing of the newly appointed naval ad- visory board in September.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

St. Joseph's, CGermaa), 43 Madison avenue. Rev. Hubert Dahne. pastor Low mass, 8: 30. Last mass, 1o:3o. :
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

!. St. Anthony's Frencas ss Coloradc avenue, Rev. Edward PIunkett. pastor. Low mass. 8. Last mass. g: 30.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

Prices of, Thran and north Teas crude oil were advanced to 65 cents a barrel by the Texas Oil Go.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

St Johns of Nepomuck s1ovak. s20 Brooks street, Rev. Andrew Komara, pastor. Low masses, and g. Chill dren's mass. g. Last mass, 10:30.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

St. Peters, 521 Howard avenue. Re- Thomas Kelly, pastor. Low mass, 8: 8 Last mass, 10: 30.TS
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

First Hungarian Reformed church, Pine street, between Howard and Han cock avenues, Rev. Sigismund Laky. pastor, Services on Sabbath day, 10: 90 a. m. Sermon by the pastor Subject, Fir or Thorns." Text, Isaiah 55:13. At D. rn sermon by the pastor. Sab- bath school at o'clock. Prayer meet ings Tuesday and Thursday at 7:3O o'clock. There will be comunion ser vice next Sabbath day, on the 18th, when new members will be received. Every Hungarian Protestant, who has no church home, is welcome.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

l Holy Rosary. ss5 East Washington avenue, Rev. Angelo De Toro, pastor. Low masses. 6. 7:3o. Children's. mass, g. Last mass 10:3o.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
Sunday Services
 Tn The Churches

First German Lutheran church, Grand and Catherine streets. Sunday school, 9:15 German service, 10:3O; theme, When Will a Pastors Preach ing Save His Hearers? ?" H. Weh- meyer, pastor.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

On Saturday the children of the Sacred Heart church will be given an outing at Pleasure Beach. Father s1' 'Brien has arranged to give them a two hours sail on the Sound, leaving
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
NrANrtc,s TENTED FIELD

F Camp Coffin, Aug. N14, 1895-The Fourth and Third regiments had reg imentaR dress parade and review this afternoon and everything went off fine. The day was very hot but the
 men stood it we'll. Communication with the camp was kept up by the Fourth section, Signal Corps, who
 established three stations from the
 front to the camp They sent and received IA messa ges. They were un-
 der the command of First Lieut.. F. L.. EsCogill. The sending of messages was well donesby Corp Peters and Private Frank Day Corporal Challenger, with the assistance of Private Thomas Joyce, George Fuller 1s,aend Charles Poland, had charge of the station in Mantle and they worked the helio- graph and flags to perfection. To- morrow the corps will hold revolver
 practice.
 i Lieut.. George Rand of the Machine IsGun platoon, had his wife and daugh- ter here for the week. Corporal How ard S.. Challenger also had his wife land baby boy at the camp for the
 Frank Day of the Fourth section,
 Signal Corps, expect their wives at
 camp for Friday and Saturday Sergt.
 Burroughs of Go. B expects his wife here also. Is Private Deitrick of co. B is the champion letter man of the camp; he
 received no less than letters yester- ] day and nine today. The boys all say the girls must khink a great deal of him.
 Corporal Kelly of the same company
 received a fine pair of pillow shams from a lady admirer today The boys say that he keeps his eye on the gate
 all the time when he is on drill for his
 girl, but she will not come until Fri
 daX soane looks in vain
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
PEOPLE AND THEIR Do1NGs

George Hart the well known train- man. left this morning for, Montreal where he will attend a tradnmenss convention. He will return by way of the Thousand Islands where he will spend a week.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
NApbIEoN RECOGNIZED.

The London Globe Of July g, 1915, says: "A report is prevalent in the city. that the Emperor of Austria. has made a. separate convention, rec ognizing the right of the son of Bonaparte to the French throne.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

Buc5in gh am of the Customs House, Will leave town tomorrow for two weeks vacation He will be accompanied by his wife and will make Roxbury his headquarters.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

St. Patrick.s, s51t North avenue. Rev. John Lynch, pastor. Low mass, 2.
 childrens mass. g. Last mass, 1o:3o
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14
FArHEER ARIENs' JUBILEE

Rev. Theodore J. Ariens, the ven serable pastor of St. Joseph's Ger fnan) R. c. church on Madison ave nue, will celebrate his golden jubi- lee as a priest at the church, Sum- day, Oct. 20, and at the Park City theatre. His 5Oth anniversary as a priest will be made the occasion of a. demonstration by the Catholics of the city Prof Karl Diehl has a large choir rehearsing for the occa- sion, the rehearsals being held in the K. of. c. hall in the Wheeler building. Father Ariens is 7S years old. and his pastofates in this city, has been one of joy to hs flock and help fitness to the community.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

First Church of Christ, Scientist, s71 Lafayette street. Services at il a. m. Subject, Soul" Sunday school at 1915. Wednesday, evening testimonial meeting at 8. The reading room is open every day except Sunday from 10 to 1 and from to 5 and also on Thurs day evening. All are welcome.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

German Reformed church. Congress street, near Main street, Rev. H. G. Wiener, pastor. Morning worship, 10:30. Sunday school, 9:20.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

St. Luke's church, Stratford avenue and Sixth street, Rev. William H. Jep-
 morning prayer, ante-Communion and
 sermon.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

St. Georges church, Colorado, and Map1ewood avenues, Rev. H. E. Kelly, rector. Sunday, 1o:3o a. r11., Maths and sermon.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

South Congregational church, corner Gilbert and Broad streets, Rev. Rich ard L. Swain, minister. A union ser vice with the people of the North church will be held at O:30 a. n., con- ducted by Prof. Benjamin w. Bacon, of the Yale School of Religion, New Haven, Conn. A cordial welcome is extended to a II
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-14

Services at usual at Hhe A. M E. Zion church, corner of Broad and Gregory streets, Rev. W. H. E1ey, A. M.3 D. D., pastor. Subjects, 10:45, "A Clean Heart; 7:45 "A Goodly Heri- itage"; 12:15, Sunday school; 5 p. m.. Boys Brigade and Red Shield; 80, V c. E.: Mrs. Alice w. Farrar, organist All are welcome.
The Washington times., 1915-02-03

look for nothing at all but beauty yuo'll
find nothing else"
She Is gentle and tender" admitted,
until ! speak Of her faults. and
And them"
She shows her claws"
Just as you did tonight coming up
from the boat when you failed in cour-
tesy and knew it,"
! flushed.
She is very willing to do things right,
but she doesn't know howl"
DO YOU ever try to show her."
"NO-o-O-o.'
You are quick to point out faults, hot
so quick in finding remedies. a very
little thought end patience might undo
much mat faulty training has brought
about.
1T is easier to 'oat along the lines
Of least resistance.
Eut | walked away from the window
with keen sense of impaticnce. No
man likes to bare inner truths and face
than. 1t is n spiritual dissection that
Lpsets him & lot.
.'nd / was facing freely for the nrs.
time in my life my own faults. was
sarcastic frequently when | thought |
was very humorouS-crlel III my SON
jesting, which is not merely word.
All men are bromid.ots OH the subjS ct
of WON an. They have a number of cut
and-dried jokes which please them so
much they never tail to use them
was elemental enough to trot forth ali
my moods in their primitive brutality
and expect to have them soothed. and
I was frequently irritable. full Of self.
pity oVercritical.
GOOD Lord" I said. I'm going tc
h"G or III hang myself"
] devoutly hoped I'd feel better In the
morning.
Copyright 1915, Newspaper Feature Service,
The Washington times., 1915-02-03
Husband Won't Grumble
If That Leftover Meal
I. Isa "Planned OUer" Feast
Instead of Leftover Food Being an Unaractve Accident
Make 1t Planned For Dainty.
Seasoning the Secret.
By MRS. CHRISTINE FREDERICK,

tatoes ''scalloped' to appear As 'shep-
herds pie.'
Another why of utilizing cold meat
fragments is to Cerve them with a
sauce made from one Of the small cans
of manufactured soup. For instance.
such soups as mulligatawney, oxtail.
and mutton broth can be used an u
basis OF a delicious gravy. In which un-
attractive portions of meat may be
heated and served upon triangles Of
potatoes. A can Of mulligatawney COM
bned with rice and a generous allow
ance of curry powder will make q most
eppetizing lunch dish. A small can of
tomato soup is also good asset In
making left.overs. as very much diluted.
1t forms the basis of many tomato
GAUGES in which portions Of meat, fish
or rice and cheese are utilized.
Herbs are too little used by the
American housewife. who fails to see
known to European cooks. Just a touch
of sweet basil or a suspicion of thyme
will lend novelty to the most matter-of-
fact mutton. Whole cloves should be
and three or four Of them added to a
meat dish with a few bay leaves and
reppcr-corns will give an attractive
combination. Garlic has b,en most
wronRfullv abused and should be more
generally employed in flavoring: Only
needed: even rubbing the dish in which
the food Is cooked Is sufficient.
The soutfle Is another excellent form
of using fish. cheese. and chicken left
overs. Its basis Is a thin white sauce
to which the whites of eggs are add ed
at the last moment together with the
minced portions of meat or other food.
1t is then put into a pan of water set
In a hot oven. and allowed to cook
quickly for fifteen or twenty minutes.
In tha ase DAYS of continued high nrices
the study OF how to use left-overs is
worth the housewives attention. One
housekeeper l know does not calt thesn
portions "left-overs.' but planned
overs" for which she plans when the
first meat is' cooked. That is. In buy
ing steak. with. OF course, the in
fer!or tail portion, she purchases little
ht of cheaner beef. such as the lower
cut Of round. At tho same time. and has
it and the tail chopped at once, both
to he used at second meal.
Tho art of attractive lert-ovevs--for
IT IS an arts within the reach Of every
horsnwifa who Is willing to take pains
and increase her stock Of seasonngs.
Copyright. 1914: Mrs. Christine Fred
erick.)
The Washington times., 1915-02-03

platter in such hit-and-mss manner
that its very appearance disgusts ore.
The mere matter of placing it carefully
and adding a garnsh would have 'nads
1t most appetizing Gish.
A knowledge and use Of the best sea-
sonings Is essential to leftover cookery.
The housewife should have on her. pam
try shelves: ...-.
Whole cloves, whole bay leaves, pep
percorns. powdered marjoram. thyme,
and basil; curry powder. onion salt
Worcestershire sauce, mushroom
ketchup. kNchen bouquet. cloves of gar
lie. bottle of grated Parmesan cheese.
bottle OF highly spiced tomato ketchup,
anchovy paste; also the common sea-
sonings.
For serving left-overs nothing could
be more attractive than the var Gus
shapes of earthen or casserole dishes.
from the small-hsGdled ramekins to the
larger covered utensils. The easiest
form Of making left-overs is to seal
1op" tho food in some kind of sauce.
and place 1t in the oven and brown for
n few minutes. Small BITS Of fish,
vegetables. spaghetti. and other foods
can be combined with n white sauce,
dotted with butter and crumbs. ard
served hot from their earthen dsh.
Portions of any cold <neat. even the
humble soup meat. can be run through
the chopper with onions and a green
pepper moistened with gravy Or highly
seasoned stock. enveloped in mashed po.