davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28
WASHINGTON HERAIDs WASHINGTON IN 1915" EDITION:

expert to receive 1t. Any one may use
the telephone. Telegraph sending and
receiving stations are. and must be. lin
tied In number. while every house and
every desk may have telephone. There
Is no functional reason why the tele-
graph did not develop along the same
lines a. the telephone.
The character printing telesraphic IN
strument Is older than the telephone
and the principle of the central sta
ton and the switchboard used In
bringing the means Of communities
ton to the individual il a. readily
adapted to the one as to the other.
Yet. as a matter of fact. the indus
rial evolution Of the telegraph in near
ly eighty years has been as nothing
compared with the like evolution OF
tho telephone in one-half the time. The
telephone naturally superimposes 1t
self on the telegraph. both wired and
wireless, SO that 1t is not dimcult TO
foretell that the Industrial evolution
of distanct bought conveyance in the
future will be. SO long as electricity
remains the motive force. in the line
of a more complete development and
adaptation of the telephone.
The Telephone in Latin-America.
Alexander Graham Bell was born in
Scotland, but his invention was con-
ceived and perfected after he became
an American citizen. 1t was. Therefore.
natural that the most complete use and
extension of the telephone system should
be in the United States. Next to the
United States its greatest extension has
been in Canada and Western Europe
That 1t already should have taken such
hold in Latin America. as Is shown
by the statistics compiled by Victor NJ.
Barthold, chief statistician of the Amer
lean Telephone & Telegraph Co.. will
no doubt be surprise to many people in
the United States. These statistics were
compiled as of January /. 1914 On that
date there were in Latin America 49,
SIG telephones and 5s9.626 miles Of tele-
phone wires. The capital investment was
s4s. III, 900.
In point Of number Argentina led all
the other countries. with "A. es6 telephones
and 49, AS miles Of wire. Next to Ar
gentina came Mexico with 4l.sSl: Brazil.
1918; Chile, 1900; Cuba. 1907. and Uru-
quay, 1859 In proportion of telephone
to population Uruguay led with Los
per 100. followed by Argentina, 0S5:
Cuba, 075: Panama. 0.6S, and Chile. 0.56.
In the statistics Of cities Buenos Aires.
the capital Of Argentina. led with f.1N
telephones. Then came Mexico City. 49,
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28
Carnegie Institution Building.
Evolution of Telephone Greater
Than That of the Telegraph
Has Been Brought Higher State Of Development as nsu
ment for the Conveyance of Thought Under
Conditions of Modern Life

Conveyance of thought at q distance
is a primitive need of man. The first
savage felt it no less keenly than do
their civilized descendants of today.
They developed systems of signaling.
through sight and hearing. as COM
plete and as satisfying within the linn
! itations OF their simple and narrow
phone. the telegraph. the wireless to
the complex and broader perspective
of modern civilization. Signaling is
older than speech and in the begin
ming more necessary. To point the
spear or club meant danger to the
stranger in the distance: to ground
it. peace. To fling 1t into the air was
a welcome; to brandish it. defiance.
An arm raised was a signal to ap-
proach: both arms raised a sign OF rec
striking together was a call for succor
and beating upon a hollow tree trunk
signal of alarm. So. by the lifting
or moving of objects or initiating the
sounds OF beasts and birds. primitive
man conveyed to his fellow across the
river of the valley certain ideas. all
that he needed to convey. Later, when
he had mastered fire, he used its blaze
or its smoke for a signal. Later still
he devised rough forms of the hello
graph. 1t is said that the Athenians
and Plataeans signaled to each other
across the plain Of Marathon by
means of the flashing sun rays on
their FURNISHED shields the battle Or
ders of Miltiades.
This was nearly 400 years before
200 years, until 1886, civilization with
all its advance. showed but little
progress in the art of conveying in
telligence to a distance. Fire, smoke.
and sun rays signaling were somewhat
elaborated and the semaphore. with
it's lanterns. flags. and oscillating
arms. was invented. They called this
the telegraph. much to the confusion
some old book he comes across the
Of the day school boy when In
mention of telegraph lines extending
across France or England at a period
long before Morse was born. By use
of an alphabetic code system the SEM
aphore was moderately effective. but
the first great advance in distant
thought conveyance was Samuel
Morses application of electricity to
the problem in 1886. The second step
was Alexander Graham Bells discov-
cry of the principle of the telephone
in 1876, and the third William Mar
conis invention of wireless telegraphy
in 1896. The three represent modern
distance thought conveyance.
Telephone the More Emcient.
In accomplishment of the underlying
purpose the telephone is much the more
efficient of the three in that 1t conveys
the spoken word and has the advantage
over the telegraph. both wired and wire
less, that conversation has over written
correspondence. 1t has further and
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28

resulted in SA.7Oo worth Of orders; and
commercial cards sent to local firms
thought to be interested in specific lines
added another $l25.525. making a grand
| total Of S1.0lS.6e5 for the first six months
of the current year.
Wheat ranked first. with orders aggre-
eating Seq. 900: coffee was second, with
| orders totaling Sis. 400: and was followed
by lumber and slaves. SIS, 500; copper sui
phate, $4,000. and rice, $4,000. Caustic
| soda. wire. haberdashery. paper cartons
as containers for currants. malt for beer
brewing. nail wire. and "clipless" paper
fasteners were other articles entering
into this trade.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28

20: Habana. Cuba. 1851: Rio de jan
eiro Brasil. n.s7s. and Montevideo, Uru-
quay. $685. However. in the proportion
Of numbers to population. the order was
Habana. ~ per 100: Mexico City. 50; Car
acas. Venezuela, IS: Buenos Aaires. IS:
Guayaauil. Ecuador, IS: Montevideo. %.
and San Jose. Costa Rica, ~.
The gross earnings of the telephone
system OF Latin-America in 1913 was
ss.743.ooo. as compared with a gross
earnings for telegraphs of s14.735. 900.
All this shows a development which.
while 1t has not reached the standard
Of the United States. nor that of Eng
land or France. is yet very credita BILE.
From the Bulletin Of the Pan-Ameri-
can Union.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28

Probably it comes within the sphere
of no class of professional men to be
more useful IN many paths of life thar
physicians, for a physicians opportuni.
ties of service to humanity are many
not alone in his profession but in other
ways. That DR.. ]. Hayden Johnston
has taken advantage of such opportuni-
ties to a greater extent than usual even
for an active man of affairs is attested
by the large number of prominent pub
lie bodies with which his name is identi-
fled in important capacities.
From the time he entered the colored
High School in Washington in 1894, DR..
Johnston has been an indefatigable
worker. Following the high school
course DR.. Johnston went through the
preparatory school of Howard Univer-
sity, then took the special college course
and finally entered the medical college
of that institution, from which he was
graduated with high honors in medicine
and other branches in 1900.
Throughout his medical career DR..
Johnston has taken lively interest in
public affairs and in societies affiliated
with the medical profession. He was
at one time president of the Medico-
Chirurgical Society of this city and is
still a prominent member of that Or
ganization. One of his most useful
lines of activity had to do with the
organization of the Physicians Reading
Club, which was conceived and organ
lied by him and is now one of the most
flourishing societies of its kind in the
city. He is an active member of the
board of managers of the Young
Mems Christian Association, and takes
q great interest in its affairs. DR..
Johnston is a Baptist in religious af-
filiation, being a member of the Metro
politan Baptist Church and President of
the Mems Club in that particular church
denomination Another important posi-
ton held by DR.. Johnston is that of
chairman of the board of directors of
the Parents eachers Association of
the Garnet School.
All of which goes to show that DR..
Johnston takes lively interest in many
organizations of importance in WASH
ineton. Nevertheless, he finds time to
attend to- a large medical practice and
stands high IL his profession.
DR.. Johnston lives in a cory home AZ
r8l7 Vermont avenue northwest, where
he and his wife, formerly Miss Minnie
Crutchfield, whom he married in 1905
Frequently entertain thar hosts OF
tsiendA
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28

most important advantage in the fact
that its industrial evolution has been by
far the greatest. By this is meant no,
that the telephone has as yet extended
itself more widely over the earths sur
face than the telegraph or that there are
more miles OF telephone than OF telegraph
wire in use. for this would not be true.
but the telephone. through the industry
and inventive genius Of Bell, his CO.
workers and his followers, has been
brought to a higher state of development
as an instrument for the distant convey
ance of thought under the conditions and
answering the needs Of our modern COM
pick industrial and social life. The tele-
graph. as In common use, requires an
expert to send a message and another
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28
Millions spent FOR
new RACE TRACKS
Original Speed of 10 Miles An Hour
Has Been Increased to
102 Miles.

There have been millions of dollars
spent during the past year or SO on the
construction of new race tracks for mo-
tor car speed contests. Hundreds OF
thousands Of persons have witnessed
these events, and the total attendance
next year will probably surpass a mil
lion. Indianapolis. Sioux City. Chicago.
and finally New York. have entered the
ranks OF the cities catering especially
to the sport. From an average speed Of
less than ten miles an hour made in
the first New York and Philadelphia
race. ninety miles in length. the early
part Of this century. to speeds Of over
represents a progress in development and
design little dreamed of a decade or 50
ago.
Where will it end? What speeds does
the future hold out as the ultimate mark
to be reached by the daring drivers: and
most important Of all. what good is done
to the average car purchaser by this ex-
penditure of time and money on the
preparation of tracks. the construction
Of racing machines. and the payment of
hundreds Of thousands Of dollars in ad-
missions?
Adherents of horse racing have used
as a plea for its retention that it serves
to improve the breed Of horses, but this
improved breed is restricted solely to the
II horse racing improves the breed Of
horses. how does motor car racing i'm
prove the breed Of horseless carriages?
Is it only the manufacturer who makes
a business of building racing cars whose
product is benefited by the experience
thus gained. or is the advantage to the
whole industry? Unqualifiedly we can
say that the latter holds good, that the
manufacturer OF a $500 car may be great
ly benefited by the results attained by
s., 600 racer. and the experience so OBJ
tanned is put directly. or indirectly, as
the case may be. to the benefit of the
purchaser.
The modern automobile race track is a
school of practical experience in which
the theories and ideas of the leading
men in the industry may be put to an
accurate test. The various units COM
posing the automobile industry are
closely identified with each other The
pronounced success of a certain type of
valve construction. or of a certain for
mula of steel in particular race, soon
becomes public property ''in the trade"
and the experience gained may be made
use of by any manufacture Where, ex-
cept in 300. 500, and 1000 mile races. can
we obtain, in a few hours. practical in
formation based on actual results as to
the fatigue of models under sustained
high speed. the wear of certain parts
subjected to intense heat. or the proper
size and proportion of dimensions of
parts that are subjected to greater loads
in a few short hours than would be rep
resented in a year or SO of ordinary
service III. W. Slauson. in Leslie's
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28

REV. WILLIAM HENRY JERNlGEN.
Rev. William Henry Jernigen was born IN Lake
land. Miss. NcIubee County. October the 18th.
lsse. He atteaded the Meridian Academy. Meridian.
Miss: Jackson College. Jackson Mi.a, and the
Alcpm University, at Rodner. Miss. from which he
graduated in ;>S. After graduating he taught
school in Missisrprf for five years and in 1881 he
entered the ministry, and his firSt charge was IN
Oklahoma where he the leader of his race in
everything He president Of the Baptist State
convention in Oklahoma for Z numher OF years.
srsss o. Mississippi which consisted Of all denomi
nations: president OF the State Constitutional
Amendment Association Of Oklahoma. an association
which looked after the political rights Of the coed
people there. and he also was recognized as race
leader. He las been pastor Of the Mount Carmel
Baptist Church in Washington for three years. and
since his coming here has purchased a new church
for his cnnsrsgation-the old building which was at
Third and ] SITS. NV, having been sold and the
Central PRESBYTERIAN Church at Fourth and l. stA
ident Wilson, and the congregation has bern In
creased until now II is one Of the leading churches
in Washington and has as large congregation Is
any. Rev. JCrn.gen has Travelled very extensively
throughout The United States and Canada and Is
very well known everywhere that he has been. He
II treasurer II the National Baptist Convention Of
the United States and also president Of the National
UpHft and Health League Of Baltimore organ
zation which looks for the bettement Of the
health Of the lolored race in this country. He Is
also grand chaplain Of the Grand and United Order
of True RefOrmers and the Order OF the Easteru
Star Of .he leading coiored fraterna ordefs In
the United States. He Is noted esanselist and
but throughout the entire country has been praised
very highly by the pres. He now resides with his
wife and FANNY II three at their residence az - Q
ST. n. W., Washington, ID. c.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28

From the rank Of q bellboy In .
Washington hotel to the presidency
of Freedmen's Hospital-that il the
| epitomized story of DIR. William A.
Warfield's remarkable success. Before
| coming to Washington and finding
| work as a bellboy in the Hamilton
Hotel. this eminent colored medical
man obtained a sound physical foun-
dalton for strenuous work by living
and laboring on a farm near Hyatfs-
town. Montgomery County. Nd. whore
he was born on November IL. 186e.
Seventeen years later. with only .
common school education. he came to
Washington. imbued with an ambition
to make a prominent place for him.
self in the world.
In order to increase his knowledge.
the young man attended a night school
during the three years he was en-
ployed at the Hamilton. and studied
as much as his duties would permit
during the day. Throughout those
three years he saved every penny pos
sible, with the view of attending col.
lege. His ambition in that particular
was gratified when he found himself
financially able to enter Morgan Col
lege, at Baltimore, in 1885. where he
remained a close student for five years
Immediately on leaving Morgan
College the young man began the
study of medicine at Howard U,iver-
sity. Entering that Institution IN
1891, he was graduated four years
later with high Eonors. His frst con-
nection with Freedmen's Hospital was
as an inferno In 1894. Displaying un-
usual medical skill and knowledge. he
was rapidly promoted. first to the post
of assistant surgeon In 1895. next TO
that Of FIRST assistant surgeon In 1885.
and finally he was made surgeor-t7-
chief in October. 1901, which position
Dr. warfeld holds at present in the
greater Freedmen's Hospital. Fourth
and College streets northwest, than
which there 10 no larger and better
eouipps1 colorsd hospital III The worl.
A Grand Dream Realised.
Soon after becoming an inferno Dr..
warfield conceived the idea of con-
structing a splendid hospital for col
orsd people. and when he was made
surgeon in-chief In 1901 he began 70
carry out his plans. The present
building. costing 100000. Is . nonu-
ment to his successful career. Its har-
mpnious. practical. and efficient opera.
ton 10 not surpassed oy any siinilaS
Institution In this country.
Although a surgeon of versatile tall
ents, Dr. Warfeld 10 noted as q spe-
ciaiist In abdominal surgery. Theu-
sands of formerly afflicted men. womon,
and children now living In health st
test his surgical ability. and medical
man OF an classes recognize his .emnoQoo
IN the noble professi0n chosen ~ -
a. his NE WORK.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28
Results of Trade-extension Work.

More than million dollars worth OF
American goods was sold in the Patras
district. Greece. during January-June.
1915, as a direct result OF the efforts of
the Patras consulate. Foreign Trade
Opportunities" appearing In Commerce
Reports. and confidential circulars issued
by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce. led to orders for $s43. 400 worth
Of American products: commercial calls
made by members OF the consular staff
The Washington herald., 1915-08-28
The Nahon's Capital AS
Ambassador Bryce Saw 1t

From an Address of James Bryce, Ambassador to the
United States from Great Britain Delivered Before the
Committee of One Hundred on the Future Develop
ment of Washington, at the Residence of Arthur JEFF
frey Parsons, ESQ.,, February u, 1913.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-04-22
$4,134 COST OF
COURSE IN YALE
FIGURES ARE COMPLIED TO
SHOW EXPENSES OF MEM.
BERS Or 1915 CLASS.

New Haven. Conn.-It will have
cost the 261 men in the Yale senior
class $1.079,111 to get their diplo-
mas next June, according to statistics
collected by the Yale News. This is
an average of $4,134 for each grad
uatc.
The amount to be spent during the
remainder of this year is estimated.
but the amounts already spent are
matters of record, which have been
determined by reference to bank
books and expense accounts. some OF
which have been the subject of un-
pleasant parental interviews in the
past.
The most spent in one year by any
IL man was $4,000, and was in his
freshman year. Another got through
the same year on $500. The average
for the class was S1,076.
In sophomore year expenses Of the
wealthier lei took a slump, the
largest amount spent in that year by
mar being $4,000. while the
minimum for a student again was
5000.
In junior year the most expensive
years education cost an ven $4,000,
and the least expensive cost only
$500. while the average was $1,1O6.
This year the men have spent and
expect to spend $500 for the most
expensive educatien and $2603for the
least expensive.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-04-22
BRITISH EXPECT
HARD FIGHTING
FORMER ATTACHE WITH u. s
ARMY SAYS VICTORY WILL
COME ONLY AAT FEAR
Full COST.

London, England.--Arthur Ham
ilton Lee. a member of Parliament,
who was with the British military
attaehe with the United States army
during the Spanish-Amdrican war,
and who married Ruth Moore, OF
New York. is serving as a colonel OH.
tho continent. He has written a let
ter home from the British %headquar-
tiers in France in which he says:
THE allies have it within their
power to win. but this does not mean
that victory is close at hand, CIR that
the hardest fighting and heaviest
losses are not yet to come. The vast
German armies occupying and de-
v%astating a great part of France and
most of Belgian are held in check, 1t
Is true, but in nc, 5ense are they de-
feated. Our men at the front are
keen. skilld and determined. Our
victory at Neuve Chapelle filled them
with enthusiasm and contidnce. Their
II desire now is to advance but this
they cannot do without better sup
port from their mates and the rulers
mt home. They fully realize that the
casualties already incurred must be
doubled and trebled before victory is
finally wOn."
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-04-22
NOTICE OF HEARING PETITION
FOR LETTERS OF ADMINS"
TI} ALTON

State of South Dakota, County CT
Dawson, SIS.
In County Court.
In the matter of the estate OF Or
pha r. Kintigh, deceased.
The state of South Dakota sends
greetings;
To Lillian Doud, Mary Duncan,
Paul Duncan heirs at law and next
of kin of Orpha Z. Kintigh. deceas-
I'D; and to whom these presents may
come:
Notice is hereby given thai II. c.
.Spraguc has filed with the judge OF
this Court. a petition praying for let
ters of administration of the estate
of Orpha e. Kintigh, deceased and
that Saturday the Sth day of May,
1915. at the hour of ten O'Clock a. m.
III sad day at the office of the County
Judge in the Court House in the city
Of Mitchell, Dawson County, State
If South Dakota has been set tor
hearing said petition, when and
where any person interested may APP
pear and show cause why said petit
ton should not be granted.
Dated at Mitchell, South Dakota
this 21st day of April, 1915.
o. G. Thompson,
Judge of the County Court.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-04-22
is
K FROM PIERRE

Pierre. S. D.-The last steamboat
on the Missouri river Will disappear
from this point, by the going of the
ID. Walden. which has been sold
ny the railway company, to the
Baker transportation company at Bis
marck. The Northwestern railway
has maintained a steam
boat at this point ever since the line
was constructed to the Missouri In
1880. but with the bridge, tho old
boat has been tied to the shore with
a Waterman in charge for several
years, and it now goes up the stream.
This eliminates all boats from the
river at this point except the small
gasoline launches which r used for
passenger and excursion business,
and all crossing by teams and heavy
material is by train
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-04-22
BRITISH SEND
PROTEST VIA U. S.
OBJECT TO CONFINEMENT OF
BRITISH PRISONERS BY GER
MANS AND PROFESS HUI
NAME TREATMENT OF
GERMANS. ,

London, Observation-Disclosures Am
bassador Page, the British foreign
office has sent a protest to Washing
ton to be forwarded to Berlin, de-
nouncing the retaliatory steps that
Germany has taken against 80 British
officers, as the result of the special
treatment accorded SO submarine
prisoners in England.
The note explains that the Ger
mans are being humanely treated
and protests against the close con-
finement of the British officers.
Virtually the only difference be-
tween the treatment of the German
submarine prisoners, and other Ger
man prisoners, says the note, Is
that the former are in naval barrack:
instead of a detention camp.