davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
The Earth Breatfcs.

It has been proved that there is a
regular exchange of gas between the
interior of the earth and the surround
ing atmosphere corresponding to hui
man breathing. Doctor bernstein, an
Austrian physician, sank tube in the
ground to depth of more than ninety
feet, connected with mercury ba-
rometer on the surface. From Z a. m.
to or 6 p. m. the pressure of gases
given out by the earth was found to be
less than the atmospheric pressure.
During the night the condition was re-
versed. The earth for ten or eleven
hours absorbs air which it gives out
during the other hours of the "a. The
cause has not been defined, but it is
surmised that, considering light as a
material physical agent, the pressure
of light is added to that of the air.
Harper's Weekly.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
Qualities of Precious Stones.

Experiments made with vacuum tubes
and ultraviolet light bring out the
fact that the diamond, ruby and en-
erald, as we'll as certain minerals such
as kinzigite. have surprising f1uores-
cent properties. In rarefed ar GER
tain diamonds emit blue fiuorescent
light resembling that which sulphate
OF quinine gives under the same cir
cumstances, and in vacuo a diamond
of four or five carats gives a luminous
effect which is equal to twenty candle
power The ruby gives a fine red
phosphorescent light, while the emer-
aid produces a crimsonSlight. The
same stones are found to glow with
sphorescent light when exposed to
the action of radium.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
Color Photography.

The physicist employed by leading
camera company of this country has
developed new process of making
portraits on color by photography,
which, it is claimed, gives remarkably
perfect results, and is simple enough
for practical commercial purposes, al
though not suited for amateur work.
This process is stated to be modifi.
cation of the Ives three-color process,
except that only two colors are used,
red and green. Two negatives are
taken in special camera, or in regu.
lar camera using color screens. These
negatives are so treated with dyes
that the coloring matter replaces the
silver in the film, and the plate be-
comes its own positive. The two plates
are superimposed and mounted in
frame so constructed that an electric
light may be placed behind the pic
ture, which is to be viewed by trans.
mitted light.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12

Now, having in view the further de-
velopment of the swine industry of
the State, it has been thought a good
plan to follow the example of one OF
our sister Southern States by the or
ganization of Boys Pig Clubs.
The object Of such a Club would be-:
l. To stimulate an interest in swine
production and to teach the boys how
to raise better and cheaper hogs by
the use of improved blood and the
growing of forage crops.
?. To increase the number OF hogs
raised on the farm in order that the
meat for the home and that required to
feed the extra farm labor may be pro-
vided instead OF being bought.
5. To complement the work of the
Boys Corn Club by showing the boys
how they can probably sell their corn
through hogs.
l. To encourage the home curing
Of meats on the farm.
5. To teach the boys how to Judge
hogs and to select them for breeding
or market purposes.
s. To encourage the growing of
forage crops and discourage the use of
high-priced feeds.
T. To instruct the boy in a prac-
teal way in the management of feed
ing, sanitation, and prevention of dis
eases of swine. all Of which informa-
ton proves valuable with respect to
other forms of live stock work.
s. To give the boys a means Of
earning some money for themselves
while at home.
9. To instill in the boys while
young, love of animals which will re-
suit in their taking more interest in
farm life, and to furnish them at the
same time, work which will, in a prac-
teal way, give an insight into tho
business side of farm life and incite
in them desire to struggle for and
attain success. Is not such an effort
worth while?
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
"oueerD Money in s1s A. D.

The fact that counterfeiting in
coins existed 1000 years ago was
brought to light the other day when
the University of Pennsylvania mu-
scum announced that among Egyptian
relics recently purchased were three
counterfeiting outfits, according to the
Philadelphia correspondent of the New
York World.
The molds are of brick. The plan
was to make impressions of each side
of coin in soft clay and then burn
the two sides. An opening was left at
the top, in which molten metal was
poured. The rogues f1ourished in the
reigns of the Roman emperors Max
linus, Licinus and Constantius, from
313 to 367 A. d.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
erosion Will Case Settled.

By agreement of the interested par
ties the last chapter was last Monday
morning written in the erosion will
case which was taken up in the Fred
erick circuit court before Associate
Judges Worthington and Peters. The
formal proceeding of having a jury
find the will to be valid were gone
through and subsequently a copy of
a compromise between the parties in
volved in the action was ordered plac-
ed on record in the Orphans Court.
The agreement provides that the
erosion heirs. Meredith, George and
Frank erosion and Mrs. Harriet V.
Carey receive $1,000 in cash, which
will be paid out of the estate. Costs
Of the litigation also will come out of
the estate as will the compensation
for the expert witness. The pay of
Harry E. Carly, the executor, also
comes out of the estate, as do all
debts proved against the estate of
Anna V. erosion. the testatrix. The
collateral inheritance tax is not to be
taken from the $1,000.
1t is figured that the costs of the
case will be about $500 The agree
ment provides that the expert witness
is to receive 500. The commissions
of the executor amount to $4,000. The
debts proved against the estate in the
Orphans Court amount to S1,100.
The agreement containing the above
has been signed by all of the inter
shon, Harriet V. Carey, Meredith Z.
erosion, Frank Davis erosion, Ulys-
ses S. G. Rupp. Evangelical Lutheran
Church of Frederick, Md, by L. S. G.
Rupp. president; Nellie Thomas, Mt
Olivet Cemetery, by l.. S. Clingan.
president; Katharene Quynn, st.
Mar Marks Evangelical Lutheran
Church, Oakland, Nd: by o. A. Brem-
er, pastor: Clara Rice, and Harry E.
Carly, executor.
By the terms of the will of Miss
erosion. Mrs. Carey and George and
Meredith erosion benefit to the ex-
tent of $4,000, to be divided among
them, and Frank D. erosion was Civ
en- $4,000. The collateral inheritance
tax of 5 per cent was to be deducted
from this The value of the estate
of Miss erosion is fixed at $4,000
The jury drawn in connection with
the case was made up as follows: Rus
sell c. Long. foreman; William c.
". Smith, Henry A. Lowman, George
H. c. Wachter, Jacob H Diehl Geo
E. Wilhide, Calvin r. Koogle, Eugene
Sponseller, Edward D. Detloyd, Brad
ley T. Wiles, Richard D. Zimmerman,
Charles E Routzahn
The will was proven by the testi-
mony of Samuel D. Thomas, Register
of Wills; Judge Hammond Urner and
Miss Edith Wickham, witnesses to the
document Judge Urner and Miss
Wickham testified to the effect that
Miss erosion was capable of execut-
ing q valid deed or contract at the
time the document was compiled. On
direction of the court the jury rem
dered verdict for the caveatee, Mr..
Carly, the executor.
] s.. Newman NJ G. Urner, Sr., and
B. F. Reich were the lawyers for the
executor. Leo Weinberg and Albert
S. Brown represented the heirs.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
PLEASED WITH NEW SYSTEM.
Members of Hood College Faculty Ex.
press Satisfaction,

For the first time in the history of
the institution the honor system in
examinations was used at Hood Col
/ &c during the past mid-winter tests.
The innovation worked 10 Perfection
The members of the faculty after cor
recting papers are immensely pleased
with the system. The Student Govern
mnt association Of the college some
time ago petitioned the faculty TO per-
nit the installation of the honor sys-
TEN at the college. With the consent
of the faculty the association drafted
rules. They We're approved BIZ the fac
ulty.
The honor system differs materially
from the old system in that more free
dom is given the students at exam
nations. Teachers leave the room and
the students are given a better oppor-
tunity for concentration. They have
more independence. 1t has also the
tendency TO increase the moral stand
ard Of the college students In sign
ing their papers the stude- s certify
they have neither given nor received
any aid in the test.
At recent meeting Of the college
registrars, held in Richmond Va, one
of the members said that ne honor
system worked better Souta of the
Mason and Dixon line than in other
parts of the country. Also that it was
a better success in institutions at
tended by purely American students.
The Hood College Glee Club leaves
today for York and Hanover. Pc,
where they will give concerts for the
benefit Of the building fund of the col
lege. An unusually fine program, con-
sisting of choruses solos and two
readings, will be given.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
As to Ace Of Gunnowder

Comparison of the terms used by
Sir Francis Bacon to describe the eff.
fects of explosive powder in three
different places shows that he was
writing of the SAM powder. Now
his letter on the Secret Works of Ma
ture' would appear to have been writ.
ten to William of Auvergne, arch.
bishop of Paris, who died IN 124S or
1913. 1t seems, then, that the explo.
sive properties of black powder were
known in France and England before
the middle of the thirteenth century.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
ENDED TRICK OF Willy YOUTH
Boy Was Naturally Annoyed When
Harvest of Dimes Was Brought
to an End.

A bootblack stood sobbing on a
Fifth avenue corner. What's the
trouble?" asked a sympathetic passer-
by.
"Ahi boss" he moaned, some guy
stole my things. Day was new, an
can't go home tonight widout 'em. Me
ladder II sure gimme lickin' i. T.. :"
and so on.
The passer-by was reaching into his
pocket, when the wailing one turned
so that the electric light fell on his
face. His eyes were dry. The incip-
lent philanthropist walked on, but
looked back to see developments.
The boy was quiet until three wom-
en- neared him. Then he began his
outeries. They stopped, heard his
tale, and gave him dimes.
Two nights later the same man was
at another corner. Again he heard
dolorous sound. There was the boot
black in the same attitude. He did
not recognize the passer-by, who
stopped and questioned him. The
same tale was forthcoming.
who taught you this performance,
and how much do you make day."
the boy was asked He suddenly
stopped weeping, looked up in alright,
and bounded away, shouting as he
ran:
Hey, you think you're wise, don't
?"-New York Evening Post.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12

Z. S. ONCE of Markets. in an address
to the Maryland State Grange,
Dec. Is, 1914
Parcel post marketing above all
other methods necessitates a good
product, because there is no inter.
mediary through whom the identity of
the producer is lost and poor goods
will reflect directly on the producer.
In fact, l know it would well repay
any community to have community
spirit enough to build up a reputation
for high-grade produce, just as the
dairymen have in many communities
with one or another of dairy breeds Of
cattle. This will go a long way to-
ward removing the suspicion that may
exist in the minds of the city house
wives that farmers are always en-
deavoring to hoodwink them in some
way or another. New York butter
dealers send their representatives
through the dairy districts in the West
TO bid for the output of creameries
known to produce butter of a high
grade, and a reputation for superior
product is well worthy the ambition of
any individual or community. CON-
munity preferably. because it lifts
every individual and proves an attrac-
ton for buyers that one isolated in.
dividual never could prove.
AS have observed, there is great
loss in marketing perishable products.
The more directly you can market
your products the more you can reduce
this loss and the better returns you
can enjoy. We often hear the qucs-
ton, Does farming pay?" AS long as
we leave our marketing to other peo-
pie we will have to take the prices
they offer. We must not sit down,
and wait for something to turn up;
We must get busy and turn something
up for ourselves. Then and only them,
wiz We come into our rights.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
Unsanitary Country.

According to the National Council of
Education and the American Medical
association, country school children
are from 10 to 20 per cent less healthy
than city school children. Some of the
reasons are tina. tightly closed doors
and windows and poor lighting are
more usual in the country than in
cities; that country children's teeth
are not properly cared for; they often
do not get suitable luncheons, and
country sanitation is VIGOROUSLY prim.
tive.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
A Dietetic Motto.

Between the faker and the faddist
the mere commonplace everyday man
finds himself nowadays between the
devil and the deep sea: his CASTRO
nomic path is strewed with difficulties
and beset with fears. Trembling, he
pursues his way, with no heart left in
him to achieve that perfect ideal of
the true simple life. as expounded to
Max O'Rell by the cabman who wore
a yellow ribbon in his buttonhole:
Eat what you like, drink what you
like, and don't care a damn for any
body."-In The Epicure."
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
FREDERICK CITY.

Frederick City = Mayor, Lewis H.
Fraley.
Register and Tax extraordinarily
I. Nicodemus.
Water Rent Collector-Tno. J. Biser.
Aldermen-Lloyd {. Cutler, Elmer
Nice Phebus. John H. Grove, Henry H.
Abbott. George shoemaker Clerk,
Jacob Schmidt. Board meets third We'd
nesday of every month.
City Health Officer-Dr. Ira J. Nc
Curdy.
Policeren-George Hoffman. Adam
Bruchey, Charles R. Hoffman, William
H. Fraley, John Henry Adams. Thomas
Filby, John Blumenauer. John P. Quinn.
Engineer Electric Light Plant-Elmer
E. Piungall.
Fireman Electric Light Plaut-R. c.
Cromwell.
Electric Light Linemen-George Wal
lace.
Market MASTER. Henry Schmidt.
Superintendent of Water Works.
George A. Burck.
Police JuStices-George r. Dennis, IT,,
Aaron R. Anders and Fabian Posey.
City Attorney-Edward J. Smith.
City Election Supervisors-M. S. Mob
eTly, P. Tobias Kuhn. Republicans; c.
Thomas Eckstein, Democrat; Clerk, w.
c. RoderiCk
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
CUT THIS OUT AND TACK IN
YOUR EGG ROOM.
ROY H. WAITE,
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.

:
Station.
There are certain precautions thai
should be observed when saving eggs
for Matching. Cut out the following
and tack up in your egg room:
l. Keep nests clean and provide
plenty of them.
2. Gather eggs at least twice daily.
8. If you must hatch dirty eggs.
clean them, but do not wash them if it
can be helped.
4. Handle as little as possible.
5. Save only well shaped. Ill
shaped ones rarely hatch.
6. Store in clean, not too dry,
room.
Z. Keep room temperature between
40 degrees and So degrees.
8. Do not save longer than neces-
sary.
9. Turn eggs daily if saved longer
than a few days.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY.
List of Those Who Hold Office in
City and County, Elective and
Appoiptive.
FREDERICK COUNTY.


Circuit Court-ChiefJ Judge, Hammond
Umer. Associate Judges. Glenn H.
Worthington. Edward I. Peter. Court
meet at frederick City, first Monday in
Fentuary and September for Grand Jury
Terms, December. petit jury term; May,
aon-i T, .erm.
Clerk Of the Circuit Court-Harry w.
Bowers. Deputy Clerks, Eli G. laugh,
Charles B. Croft, l. ~ 10y, NJ. y Nusz,
Harry E ChapIine and John H Mari.
Register Of Wills-Samuel D. Thomas.
Deputies. J. Fenton Thomas, c. H.
Kreh and r. E. Lighter.
Orphans Court-Iohn c. Castle. Chief
Judge; John w. Mumford, Albert w.
Ecker. Orphans Court meets every
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday OF
each week.
County Treasurer-Fred. w. Cramer.
Deputy County Treasurer-Charies R.
Harper
County Commissioners-Iohn w. H, :
ter. President: T. " Mohler. Frank VI.
Stevens. 'ohn W. Humm, J. Steward An.
nan. H. L. Gaver, Clerk. Jacob Rohr-
back. Attorney.
Tax Assessor and Assistant. Harry
AIlnutt. Spencer E. Stup.
School Commissioners = Cyrus F.
Flock. president; A. w. Nicodemus,
Vim. P. Morsell. Or. Charles L. Wachter,
Oscar B. Coblentz, James NJ. Gambrill,
r., Charles Nice. Matthias. attorney.
Secretary. Treasurer and Superintend-
emit G LLOYD Palmer, Assistant Super
intendenl. Franklin Harshman. Clerk to
Board F, K. Stockman.
States Attorney-Samuel A. Lewis.
Sheriff.. d. Conard. Ir. Deputies:
Clarence c. Hotter. Office Deputy; lanes
A. Jones, Riding Deputy; Charles w.
Smith, Turnkey.
Supervisors of Elecuons-Garrett S.
DeGrange. president; William h. James,
Republicans. and Joseph F. Eisenheaur,
Democrat; Clerk, Claggett E. Reusberg.
SurveYor-Emory c. Crum.
Superintendent and Clerk at Montevue
DIN w Rice, Superintendent J. D.
English, Clerk.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
Mans Moral Beino,

It is a fearful thought that We, as
It were, exhale ourselves every breath
we draw. A mans moral being is con.
centrated in every second of his life;
it lives in the tips of his fingers and
the spring of his instep. A very little
thing tries what a man is made Of
Cardinal Newman.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
ALI the Difference.

The little thefts and petty mischiefs
are interrupted by the laws; yet if a
mischief becomes public and great,
acted by princes and effected by arm
les, and robberies be done by whole
fleets, it is virtue, it is glory!-Jeremy
Taylor.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
The Dumdum Bullet.

The dumdum bullet is one that is so
made that it split or fattens upon hit
ting its mark, thus producing much
uglier wound than is made by the
steel-cased bullet such as the present
rules of warfare are understood to
call for.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
German Labor Statistics.

Women employed in the textile in
dustries in Germany are in a majority
over the men, there being 100000 fe-
males as against $4,000 men. In the
clothing industry the women outnum-
Der the men, with 22S,00O to $4,000
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
Artificial Wind for Bands,

A German musician has invented
device to supplement the human lungs
of bands and orchestras. 1t is called
the "aerophor," and enables a player
to sustain indefinitely the tone of any
wind instrument.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12

For measuring sea depths Massa-
chusetts doctor has invented a dyna-
mite bomb which explodes on striking
the bottom, the distance being esti-
mated by measuring the time it takes
the sound to reach the surface of the
water.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
The Church Elan

The church flag is the only one that
may be flown above the flag of the
United States. It is hoisted on the
taff-rail of warships, above the nation.
ii ensign, during the church service.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
Daily Thought.

Men imagine that they communicate
their virtue or their vice only by overt
actions, and do not see that virtue or
vice emits breath every moment
R. w. Emerson.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
Danger From Lead Paints.

The danger from the use of lead
paints comes from paint dust IN the
air and from paint smeared on the
hands which may be carried into the
mouth with food or tobacco.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
BOYS PIG CLUBS SHOULD BE
ENCOURAGED.
They Interest the Boy In Farm Life
and Develop a Liking For Its
Activities.
r. s. ALLEN.

r. ;. ALLEN,
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.
Maryland has a Boys Corn Growing
Club we'll established and it is now
recognized feature of agricultural in
terest to our country boys. Through
the influence of these clubs a marked
difference is apparent in the produc-
ton of corn it being superior. both as
to quantity and quality.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12

Caspar E. Cline has placed an order
for an auto truck which is to be used
in connection with his furniture BUSH
ness.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
Frederick PosroFFIcE OFFICIALS.

FREDERICK POsTOFFICE OFFICIALS.
Postmaster. William c. Birely: Assis-
tant Postmaster, James W. Robinson;
Clerks. !. William Himbury. Irwin S.
Biser, William A. Harley, c. Oscar c.
Keiauyer ana John H. Staley.
CITY Carriers-Edward F. Moberly, 7.
+. Duvall, Charles c. Roderick. Edward
Sim, Edward 7. Eader and George H.
5. Crum.
R. D. Carriers from Frederick: c. NJ.
Rhodes, Route I, to Mt Pleasant. etc. !:
w @. Miller, No. ?, TO Pearl, etc: 7. Y.
Roderick, No. 5, to The Manor. etc:
Roger hoffman, temporary, No. !: A. s.
Ionsol, No. 5, to Braddock, &c; W. n.
Martz, No. 8, to Yellow Spring.. etc; w.
7. Bartholow, No, : TO Charlesville etc.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-02-12
SOME COMMON SENSE ADVICE ON
THE MARKETING QUESTION.
L. B. FLOHR.

Q. S. Office Of Markets. in an address
to the Maryland State Grange,
Dec. Is, 1914.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1915-07-15
FARM BOYS AT STATE FAIR.
An Interesting and Instructive Feature
to Be Repeated this Year.

The Vermont agricultural extension
service has made cooperative arrange
ments with the state fair commission
whereby the farm boys camp at the
state fair, September l4-l7, 1915, will
be repeated this year The regulations
to be followed in selecting these boys
used last year, viz:
|. One boy win be selected from each
Pomona grange district, of which there
are twenty four in the state.
z. He must be farm boy who has
passed his fourteenth birthday and not
vet reached his eighteenth birthday.
3. He must be of good moral char
acter
4. He must be willing to submit to
and obey all rules and orders of the
camp.
5, The final responsibility for the Sc
lection will rest with the master of each
Pomona grange district. He may use
such local means as he sees fit so long
as these regulations are complied with.
All expenses of the boys for the en-
tire week win be paid, including car
fare from the nearest railroad station.
In return for this the boys will be ex
peeted to render some services to fair
such as policing the grand
stand, leading stock in the parades, etc.
Capt Ira l.. Reeves, commandant of
the military department of the Uni.
versity of Vermont and state Agricul- |
tural college, viii be in charge OF the |
camp. Capt. Reeves viii be assisted
in looking after the welfare of the boys
by specialists of the Vermont agrieul-
tural extension service who viii daily
guide through the various exhibits Civ
ing them competent instruction touch
ing the reasons why certain exhibits
excel and others fail. Mild military
discipline will be used at all times in
ARRIVING out the daily program.
Each day the camp will be inspected
BY the camp physician who win care
ully look after the health of each boy.
For further information address Yer
mont Agricultural Extension Service,
Morrill, Hall. Burlinton, VT