davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-04
CONFERENCE ON
SUBWAY EXITS
Held with View of Getting the
Necessary William St.
Easements.

A preliminary conference was held
in the Offices Of the counsel of the
Public Service Commission on Thurs
day with regard to locating subway
exits and entrances along William St.
This conference was called in accord
ance with the suggestion of Chairman
Mccall of the Public Service Commits
sion with the view of obtaining the
necessary easements through private
property for these exits and entrances.
The real estate interests were repre-
sented by the Secretary OF the Ad-
visory Council of Real Estate Inter-
ests and Edward c. Cammann. Borough
President Marks, who has taken very
active interest in this entire matter,
was represented by Z. P. Goodrich,
Consulting Engineer of the Borough
of Manhattan, while the Public Ser
vice Commission was represented
through Edward Riegelman of the legal
department. A number of sites for
the location of these exits and en-
frances were discussed.
The liability for accidents occurring
in subway exits and entrances which
has heretofore always been imposed
upon the owner of the property, was
considered as we'll as the cost of in
stalling the exits and entrances, which
expense has likewise been paid by the
property owner. In the recent hear
ing before the Public Service Com
mission which was largely attended
by property owners along William St.
the chairman stated, in reply to the
point raised by the representative of
the Advisory Council of Real Estate
Interests, that it was quite possible
that the liability for accidents upon
the steps of such subway exits and
entrances would be transferred to the
operating company. Naturally, no pri-
vate owner would wish to assume this
liability or the cost of installing exits
and entrances, unless the benefit ac-
cruing from the same would more than
compensate for these liabilities, as
well as counterbalance any detriment
that might result to the property itself.
As a number of locations were cited,
where benefit to be derived would be
commensurate with the detriment in
Cured. the future conferences on this
matter will determine whether or not
easements through private property
can be obtained by the city for the
purpose mentioned
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-04

lie health or safety and sell or lease
the same, subject TO such restrictions
as may be deemed to be in the public
interest. These amendments are the
first public step to be taken by the
Three-Family House Committee of the
Advisory Council upon which the New
York Charities Organization Society
and the Brooklyn Bureau of Charities
are represented by Alfred T. White
and Darwin r. James, jr., jr., with Paul
+. Cravath, ex-officiO. In order TO en-
courage the construction of small
family houses, and, if possible, to de-
crease the number of fifty-foot tene-
ment houses and skyscraper Office
buildings il was deemed eXpedlent to
impress upon the Constitutional Con-
vention the wisdom OF incorporating
these amendments into the constltu-
ton. The general sentiment among
real estate men is that restrictions
upon height and zonIng would DO much
to stabilize property values and ST.
multaneously prevent values from
shifting. Experience has conclusively
demonstrated that The erection OF
mammoth buildings causes adjoining
property TO deprecIate in value, and
likewise deprives smaller buildings OF
tenants. In many cases It Is under
stood that the larger buildings have
taken over leases of tenants in other
buildings, at great expense, with the
result that unrestricted building has
been detrimental TO both small and
large property owners. If real estate
owners will not conserve their own
interests by moderation, then It is
necessary that in the interests Of the
community as a whole certain restric-
tions be established. At the present
time the large Office building is far
from a paying investment, while the
avidity with which favorable locations
are seized upon, 10 the depreciation
of the value Of adjoining property,
has been one of the elements in de-
pressing the real estate market. The
history OF real estate development, IN
so far as the invasion of residential
blocks bv industrial and business en-
terprises is concerned, illustrates that
the coming principle shculd prove TO
be of considerable benefit to healthy
real estate growth.
Probably one of the most discour-
aging features in the real estate world
is the decline in the number Of prop
ertv owners. II is estimated that the
actual number OF owners, including
corporations, is approximately 10000.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-04
BUILDING IN THE BRONX
Six Months Report Promises
a. Banner Year.

The first six months Of this year
shows that 1915 is to be the banner
building year for The Bronx. Building
Superintendent Robert J. Moorehead
has issued his semi-annual report. So
far. plans for $50 buildings have been
filed. The cost of erecting them, i is
estimated, Will be S15,S97 800. The
plans include a schoolhouse at S225,OO0
and several amusement places that will
cost about S1,3OOOO0. Plans for a num-
Der of expensive apartment houses
were also filed.
With the alterations in buildings the
total proposed expenditures for the
first six months of this year reach the
total of S16,5O8,231. In the first six
months of last year plans for 435
buildings were filed, with an estimated
outlay of s1OOO3,142, and alterations
increased this amount to $lO'868,078.
This year so far is about half million
dollars ahead of 1918. which was the
biggest previous building year for The
Bronx.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-04
BY Advisory Council of Real Estate
Interests.

BY Advisory Council of Real Estate
Interests.
Seldom has Albany witnessed a more
representative delegation appearing in
behalf of economic principles which are
vital to real estate than that which
advocated restrictions of buildings
heights and zones for all incorporated
municipalities in New York State. So
much significance was attached to these
particular principles that joint hear
ing was called of both the Committee
on Cities. of which Seth Low is chair
man, and the Bill Of Rights Committee,
of which Louis Marshall is chairman.
In addition to the amendments pro-
posed to restrict buildings heights and
to establish zones, there was also a
third amendment to the constitution
proposed, which provides for the con-
demnation of unsanitary blocks when
public health demands that they be
converted into public parks. In this
connection the power is also given TO
the city to condemn excess lands which,
if not needed for the public park, shall
be no more than sufficient to form
suitable building sites abutting on the
park. This land may be sold or leased
with or without restrictions. Five
amendments in all covering all these
phases of real estate improvement were
submitted to the Constitutional Con-
vention. Three were introduced by
William Bannister, president Of the
Brooklyn Chapter of the American In
stitute Of Architects. These amend
ments were drafted by the advisory
council of Real Estate Interests and
the tenement house committees of the
New York Charities Organization So
cietv and the Brooklyn Bureau Of
Charities. They specifically. provide
that the Legislature shall have the
power to limit the height and the d.
mansions of buildings in cities, towns
and villages of the state and likewise
TO limit the use and the character OF
occupancy of these buildings. Accord
ing to these amendments this power
NAV be exercised directly by the Legis-
lature or may be exercised by authoriz-
ing the various municipal corporations
10 exercise the same, in the manner
that may be provided by the Legls-
lature.
The third amendment confers upon
the Legislature the power TO take real
property which is dangerous to pub
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-04
TAX CONFERENCE
NEXT MONTH
Will Be the Ninth Annual
Meeting of the Ma
tional Body.
SAN FRANCISCO
CONVENTION CITY
Many Important Subjects To Be
Discussed by Members
and Delegates.

Owing to the increasing interest
shown in the national, state and local
taxation, the ninth annual conference
Of the National Tax Association, which
will be held on August 10 to IA at San
Francisco, is expected to be the most
important ever held. Professor f. R. A.
Seligman, Of Columbia University, is
president of the association; S. I.
Howe, chairman of the Kansas Tax
Commission, vice president, and T. s.
Adams, of the Wisconsin Tax Commits
sion, secretary.
Reports will be submitted by the
Committee on the Federal Income
Tax, Of which Professor Z. r. A. Selig-
man is chairman, by the Committee on
the Increase of Public Expenditures,
of which T. S. Adams, Of the Wiscon-
sin Tax Commission, Is chairman, and
by the Federal Trade Bureau, present
ing a review Of recent tax legislation
in various states. 1t is expected that
representatives Of the Treasury De-
partment will take part in the discus
sion on the Federal income tax report,
the aim being to get suggestions on
how the law may be amended to secure
better administrative results and re-
move Objectionable features.
The various practical problems which
are encountered by the state taxing
officials will not be overlooked at the
conference. 1t is hoped that some So
lutions may be the result. Judge Os-
car Lesser, of the Maryland Tax Com
mission, will have charge Of this ses-
sion, in which officials from many
states will take part. Developments IN
taxation in California and the Far
Western states will be featured for
the benefit of the visitors. Among the
other numerous special topics that will
come up for discussion are the classiii-
cation Of taxable subjects, efficiency in
the collection of taxes, taxation OF car
companies, tax limit laws, valuations OF
corporations by public service commits
sions, the status of intangible property
and the recent action on constitutional
amendments. The conference will ex-
tend over five days. The session will
be so arranged that the delegates will
have ample time TO visit the eXposi-
ton.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-04
J. D. ROCKEFELLER
LARGEST BUYER
Got More Westminster
Land Titles than Any
Other Resident.
BOUGHT IN TEN YEARS
POCANTICO VILLAGE
Big Increase In Mortgage Tax
Receipts In County
Since 1910.

Nothing shows better how fast the
County Of Westchester is increasing
in population, as well as in riches, as
the large number of deeds and mort
cages which have been filed for re-
cording with County Register Isaac
II. Smith, of White Plains. II is a
noticeable fact that John D. Rookie
Teller has taken title to more valuable
pieces of property than any other
resident, as he has filed deeds showing
that during the last ten years he has
purchased practically all the land IN
the village of Pocantico Hills.
Register Smith is a busy man, be-
cause besides the current recording
and indexing of real property instru-
ments he collects many thousands OF
dollars in mortgage tax.
Mr.. Smith has compiled a table
showing the increase in mortgage tax
receipts in the last five years. 1t is
as follows: From July l, 1910, to June
30. 1911. the receipts were si4O,174.9C
and the number of mortgages 6,546;
from July l, 1911, to June 30, 1912
receipts $12S,2l5.25; mortgages 1888
from July l, 1912, to June 80, 1913
receipts s158,6S405, mortgages 6,O21;
from July /, 1910, 10 June o. l9dt
receipts ss7,S62.77, mortgages 1852
and from July /, 1914, to May 81, 1915
receipts S155,O95.64, mortgages 3,798
The total receipts were S670,O32.6l anC
the number Of mortgages 26,910.
The Westchester Hall of Records
contains some of the oldest deeds re
corded in the state, and the books, a.
we'll as the handwriting, are still in
good state of preservation. One o.
the oldest books there is that contain
ing the will of Phillip Galpin, Of Rye
which Is recorded in the Book Of Rec
ords. in the Province of New York
which was begun on February "a, 1854
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-04
Dean Street Deal.

The Buckley & Horton Company has
sold 1920 Dean ST., three story dwell
ing house, between New York and
Brooklyn avs, for Mrs. Van Wuert and
Donald Olson.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-04
Apartment Leases.

Douglas /. Gilman & Co. have
leased a duplex apartment in $50 Park
av., corner of 10th ST., to L. f. Meach-
am; an apartment in the new building
at 800 Park av., corner of oath ST., TO
Archibald S. White, and, in conjunction
with S. Osgood Pell & Co, an apart
ment in 1913 East Seth st. to Mrs. Ar
thur Murphy.
Van Norden g. Wilson have leased a
large apartment in the Sutherland,
l58th ST. and Riverside Drive, to Ar
thur B. Letter for a term of years.
Pease & Gilman have rented an
apartment in 90 West 38th st. to Mrs.
A. H. Darlington; in sos Park av, to
Miss Jane H. Swords; in 43 East 9th
ST., to Miss Beatrice Z. Carr, and in
All West 114th ST., to Edward f. Page.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-04
Brooklyn Lots Sold.

Saul C. Lavine has purchased the
e-family houses at 1113, 1925, 1913
and 1877 East 18th ST., near Avenue X,
from the Penn Holding Company. Mr.
Lavine also has sold four lots on the
east side of Bay Ridge Place, SO feet
north Of Ovington av., to the Garden
Building Company for improvement.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04

tuaalshpd
Part iV-FINELITE l-luhlished.
Causes 20 De sr.I from Pan ILL.,
Part V-ALLEN. J-tr finished
Part Vl-EANSON. il nnI'stoi
Part Vll-ZELLAE. J-lun7ishcd
Part VlIi-SNUTH J-Untuished.
Causes % be sent from Part 10 Parts III. V.
I. VII and VIII Tor tral
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04

New York. May ,. 1915.
To Mrs j. Robinson. Mrs. Fanny Ma
lone, Mrs. George Richards. Aliss Helen
Liddaue Miss Frances Gilbert. Mary Cro-
nan. smith g. brown, Inc, Robert Ellis.
Mrs Florence Green. VIM. Hendricks. Mrs.
Mary HamM Mrs Dora wildly. j. Nelson.
Ben g. bee. Mrs. James r. Woues. Mrs.
Agnes Roberts. Mrs Annie Johns. Mrs.
Ray MUkers0u Nrs. Sl'Iio Campbell. Mrs.
Elsie CuWau. Louis EssDuueld. Mrs. Anna
Bray. Mrs Edith Drsy Mrs Bertha Nc
Kinney. Mrs Knbecrl Dixon. Mrs. John B.
Mrs Mary johnson. Mrs *. Whipped. Mrs.
j. EIus. Paul Bailey Mrs Alice Archer.
Mrs g. g. Eosem0nI > J. Tanner. Mrs.
l. tolNeI. Johnson & watts ArS 3.
Kane Mrs. Estrii JOIser. James Mccall
lum. Or. i. IL Ack,u. 'frs Annie Wilson.
Mrs. Nan Edwards Mrs Vs. Bsptis.e. Ac-
Asch. Mrs walker MloGregar Mrs. Jo-
sephnc white, samuel $ Wilder. Miss n.
81 Coughlin You and each OF you are
hereby notified that the time for payment
Of nay lien upon property hereinafter de-
scribrd h1Fl.E expired, after due notice
thereof had lcer given you. ! will cause
Personal Effects and Acrchandlse. stored
by you or .n yvur name OF ln which you
claim an .ntcrc .u the Guaranty storage
Warehouses 90 Ue sold at public auction,
according % the statute lu such cases
made and provided. at Wy warehouses ait
aud 3l3 " tlst ST.. sew York CITY, on
Tuesday May 90. 1915. az 1880 o'clock
a. ~. md y the sale 's no, completed on
the "a d date the sale viii be continued
a. the same place on each and every Tues
day thereafter. beginning az 10 80 A ~
until sale is completed
GUARANTY STORAGE WAREHOUSES;.
JOHN j. WEBB. Proprietor
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04
THE WEATHER REPORT
Forecasts and Records of the
Last Twenty. four Hours.

Washington. May "A general rise in pressure
over the greater portion Of the West has been at
tended ty fair weather eKcep; IN tho Northwes,
states. aud ~ considerable fall IN temperature IN
the plains states. although further westward tenn
pcrau-a5 hay, risen generally and substantially.
over lie eastern hslf Of the country pressure has
been loss. wlh general showers. except iH the east
CUT states and thr southern portion o. the south
A..... t.H.t. |aga te weather was fair with
moderately ..sA tDM4-.alI. ...
T..r. ulI Doe shower, Tuesday lr the lake region
and tNH El.rr oulu VALLEY and from North Caro-
Una .u-'!.a-tHari. continuing Wednesday 10 New
country generally iair weather viii prevail Tuesday
aud "Wednesday.
Il viii be- cooler Tuesday IN the Mississippi and
Ohio valleys aud Tennessee and warmer IN tho
plateau region. Il WILL be warmer Wednesday be-
tween the Mississippi River and the Rocky Noun
taiU,.
Warnings OF freezing temperature have been is-
sued fUr the western portions OF the DakCtas and
Nebraska aui Tor Wyoming. and frost warnings for
Montana Western Kansas extreme northwest por
ti0us " Texas and OK ahOmz. Northern and Western
Colorado Northern aud Eastern New Mexico and
Utah.
Winds for Tuesday and wednesisy-North At
lantIc. moderate. mostly north and northeast. mid
die Atlantic. moderate, mostly east. south Atlantic
aud es,, Gu.t. moderate south and southwest. west
Guf. moderate sDIth, upper lakes. moderate NORTH
east % north. lower Lakes. moderate northeast.
Forecast for Special loeall,es.-Eastern New
Yok and NV England. unsettled Tuesday and
Wednesday. With occasional showers.
Western Sew icrk. showers Tuesday; Wednesday
cloudy.
Local oHHclal Reeord.-The following Official record
from the Weather Bureau shows the changes in the
temperature f5r tho last twenty four hours. IN COM
parsua with the corresponding date Of last year:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04
PROPOSALS.

PROPOSALS FOR CuAAtIsSARY FOOD. sTUFFs
ErC. once % Panama Ran Road Company,
"a state STREET. NcN YORK. May st. 1918 seaied
prupsas are Invited io- furnishing ocmEissafy
food stLGs. ETC.. % The Panama Ran Road Com
p4ny iH accordance with terms and coadltioas
contained ga. Circular 40 P-SiS, Circulsrs and
irg-uauied places. 40 shcb points bids AN -
received and opened iu public 90 date ard az
time stated 1le Purchasing Department. Panams
Onlre af PurthasiHK Comm .aarT, 4. ;. A., VIII
hey Central BullHE NeN orleans - Dses
san Fraaeise1 cal and Depot QaGnernastsr.
4. s A. 1913 East Ontario street gaeAso,
MI BIt Mn b. received a New inrk until
800 = 81 a chicago ari Nes Orleans sn,l
90 T. ~. aad a. San Francisco until II 90
A. NJ. MAY 20. 1918. r. p RuiaeHord, Con.
miss4ry Purchasing AEeut, Panama Hall koed
Co.. % state sxeSi. Aes fsrk.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04

to- do not. know that can say 70
injure, but certainly to harass the do
nestle trade and to incense a large
number Of people than anything else
they have done, because they have gone
IN and reached the poor corner dealer.
bought the house over his head, and
when his lease came 90 an end, instead
OF his being able 60 renew 70 as for
mcrly he finds that he cannot get a
renewal Of his lease. that il has al
ready been taken by the United Cigar
Stores Company. il was the hand Of
the tobacco trust; il reached out aud
touched the little man, who has no
body TO protect him
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04

by Telegraph 70 The Triblne.I
Albany, May Interpretations fled with
the Secretary ~ State to-day:
Gotham Finance Co Manhattan commits
sion business. Sl25,0O0, Joseph DOnoghue,
Whitestoue: Arthur B. King, y. Y; Louis
r. Staar. Glen Ridge y. j.
Charles H.. Farrell Contracting Co, Bronx;
$4,000: Charles T.. Farrell 1881 southern
Boulevard, Bronx; Annie Farrell Max
vogrc Silk Co.. Manhattan; 1000; Sidney
" Goldstein. 329 Fourth av, y. Y; Paul
Aheles Maurice Cohu. y. Y
Reliance Leasing Co, Manhattan; realty
5000; Il. Nunuing IS East sbth ST. ~ y;
Nuehlenbere Co. Brooklyn; contracting;
10000: Albert Tameliug, lGS Wildwood ST,
brooklyn. Nicholas NJ Petite, Walter l.. Du-
30 Penn ! Yam Film Corp. Penn Van. $3.50. 900;
John a. Ramsey. Edia z Ramsey, Penn IAN;
Joseph A. Serena. KeuHa Park. y. Y.
L. :. Debenture Corp, Manhattan; Stocks
and bonds; 5000 900 Thomas L. Green 516A
N.Douough ST.. Brooklyn; Robert ).
Fletcher. Spring Lake, y. }. Frank Pascar-
ella, EorouGh Of Emerson, y. J. .o-o,,.
Eagle Coffee CO. Manhattan; $4,000
Mou-our Ssmaha, 3 West roth St. y: y
Salim Barbour y. Y; Najlb Barbour
Whitney Fashion Corp. Manhattan; 500,
006.. Eaue A Whitney. 276 Fifth av., y. Y;
Henry H. CresKe. Helen Tyler, y.
Leyoru Amusement CO. Manhattan; 5000
BENJAMIN 4. Levine, l55 West 4lth st! y
Y. Edward Ornstein. Max l.. ornstein. y Y
Fortuna Racing Team New Rochelle
$1,000: Walter s Viele. 527 Fifth aV., y. I. :,
george H. c. Lischke. New Rochelle; EDWARD
$ BrooEiyn building Corp. BROOKLYN:
$4,000. s. Ahels. l5i Nassau S. n u
b. Knowlton. L VI Rayhl. y.
Federal Operating Corp, Manhattan auto
f-rI,ks. s. 600. Milo u. Heron. li6 West
52l ST., y y; Robert A. Hays hugh T.
Foriham Holding Co.. Manhattan; 5000;
y u.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04
COUNTY COURT.
QUEENS COUNTY.
SUPREME COURT.

a.
Ey tARKEr~uN. j.
EsoIfr |Kacln There is ll-Aing competent proof
o. he service ~ Of. SUNNI .us. complain. aHl order
Tor publication. with notice. upen t.e de'eHdla.
without he state The evidence .u Tie case g. ini
sati,ia.tory. particularly iu tla' Che witness TIA
Wttn-r falls q, Identify TIE defendant as iA' i'.-
son ,,ro vas an occupant loo t.c room 100 neg rouse
win Tie correspondent PIsse.'a Tie application
for ulsmeu. B., Jea.td, vain aIge Q. rene" al an
early dly when p.gui ot service may u' properly
made aud further examination u tle witness h4'-
Gib5s stewart Ct al Decision and judgment
Re su,or Not acknowledged or proved as TO the
ATier.on Anderson. Ir,erl0~'oy Judgment OF
absolute divorce signed. order signed
Is SttDUEk. i.
AmcndoIa/ Sorreu.u1 u.ir- and decision signed.
gy-,n, County savings Bans LHuN n a. '-I.
par. .ArNa4-e. huT-rt ~.Ulalr.. Spence la Rosie
People Wilkins. People .Nasu. Orders .'i
vi Manu-. Al.1I4u-s. fAe. decree 70 4AAl.Mthl
signed - t -
Re wsuenrel Tenant 10 remainder has her r'H
ell boo proper action o. pro H-r .l- spi
~ 4 rr.a. YER There i3 no authority i"- me e.tA
r.tIur made Motion dcuitI. $50 COSTS.
-Gracn.gfg Broayu queens County & SUBURB
r Il 90 Maaol granted. CAse sst down Tor H1s'
Monday 70 I-ar. 1910.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04
sURROGATEs NOTICES.

Il PURSUANCE Of an order Of Honorable
r-rr T. Cohalau. Surrogate or the
-.1,,.,, ~ New York. notice Is hereby given
~ ali persons having claims against CSth-
crime 4 Bliss. late % tho county OF New
lu. o. .rs thereof 10 the subscribers at their
80. ~ trausaetIng business At the office
Iytre!- attorneys. Everett, Clarke & BEN
eslct. $50 81 Wall street IN The Borough
- Inc SIN day Of october next
dated. New York. the 5th day Of April.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04
STOCKnURST FARM RESORT

Spend your summer IN the canvas city at the
StocHhurst Farm. IN the Beautiful CatsdllS. one
mile 10 East Meredith on the lister a Delaware
r. X. lT6 miles from New York. Located on a
beautiful plateau IN woods OF beech. birch. ash,
spruce and naples. overlooking the valley ald
farms. Pure soft spring water. Trout brook tennis
courts. Fresh Jersey milk. cream. butter and eggs.
and vegetables from the farm Room FOR autos
Accommodation for transients or b. the season.
Reservations be made Will meet L2iAs Il
notified. Play grounds for children.
Or. s. O. StoeksIaaer. East Msrodth. NV York.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-04
TO WHOM TT MAY CONCERN.

I GEORGE J. BROWNE. 500 AMSTERDAM AVE
hereby notify Al my erediton OF Tho sale u nj
ea.s on MAy I. l9la