davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29
Efficiency.

JULIUS S. MORGAN, grandson of
~ ]. P. Morgan. who spent some time
in Paris as a. military chauffeur, re-
lated in New York, among other very
interesting experiences, the following
story:
The Germans" said young Mr.. Nor
gan. ARE not SO wonderfully efficient
as they are generally thought to be.
Their long and careful preparation for
the war gave them handicap over
the allies. We are apt to forget this
handicap and put their success down
to their efficiency"
Mr. Morgan smiled.
when l hear all this efficiency talk,
he said, II remember the prisoner.
"A prisoner informed in prisoners
camp in France was being Intercepted
by an official delegated by neutral
country to report on the treatment OF
French prisoners of war. To the Of
f,ciars questions the prisoner respond
ed in bad English thus:
".Yes, sirrah, 1 be full comfortable.
Eating me comes regularly and in sat
isfaction 1 have not much to work,
/ am given to read and in health l am
good. There is to sleep in bed COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29
Washimgsom's Birds Are
Already Travelling South

terms arrive in the far north about
June 10 and leave about August -.
staying fourteen weeks at the nesting
place. They probably spend, says Prof.
ter than in the summer home, and this
would leave them scarcely twenty
weeks for the round trip of 22.o0o
miles. Not less than $50 miles in a
straight line must be their daily task.
and this is undoubtedly multiplied sew
eral times by their twistings and turn
inSs in search of food.
1t is computed that the arctic tern
has more hours of daylight and sun
light than any other animal on the
globe. having twenty-four hours Of
daylight for at least eight months in
the year, and during the other four
months they have considerably more
daylight than darkness.
More than a hundred species of birds
that rear their young in the United
States. and nearly all. il not all. OF
these nest around Washington in the
spring, spend the remainder of their
time in Central America and South
America, and many them. like the scar
let tanager, the bobolinks. purple mar
tins, cliff swallows. barn swallows.
night hawks and some of the thrushes.
cross the equator and pass on to the
down as Patagonia.
Among the long distance travellers who
stop over at Washington going and COM
ing are the black pole warblers that nest
as far north as Alaska and spend the
balance of the year in northern South
America, at least 1000 miles from their
summer home. Prof. Cooke says that the
land bird with the longest migration route
is probably the night hawk, which is seen
north to the Yukon and south 1000 miles
away to Argentina A good many OF the
shore birds travel farther than this, and
there are nineteen species of this class
of birds which breed north of the Arctic
circle. every one of which visits South
America in winter. and six of the species
go as far south as Patagonia, covering
migration route of more than 5000 miles.
A number of families of birds that sing
around Washington in spring spend the
winter in the gulf states. Among these
are some of the sparrows, the chipping
sparrow, field sparrow. Savannah sparrow
and vesper sparrow.
There are several species OF non-migrat-
ing birds, and some of them that find
Washington a fine place all the year are
the cardinal. the Carolina wren and the
quail. Many a bObwhite, says Prof. Cooke.
rounds out its full period Of existence
without ever going ten miles from the
nest where it was Matched. Some species
migrate so short a distance that the move
ment is scarcely noticeable. and that is
why one may see the meadowlark near
all winter, and why, if the
winter is mild, the hardy Canada-bred
robin may be seen here, the robin Think
ing that he has raveled far enough south
10 he comfortable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29
CZECEls, LIKE OTHER RACES,
WANT EXPERIMENTATION

their individuality and national char
acteristics, having their own language,
domestic customs, costumes, poetry
and music During all the generations
of Teutonic dominion they have re-
manned Slavs.
A list of the subject races involved
in this war would be a long one. The
CZechs are by no means the only peo-
pie clamorous for re-nationaiiZation
There are the Poles in Russia, Germany
and Austria: Armenians in Turkey,
Persia and Russia: Bohemiars. Serb
ians. SlovanianS, Slovaks, RuthenianS,
CroatianS and Dalmatians in Austria;
Firms Ethonians and Let's in Russia;
Syrians in Turkey, Rumanians in Hun
:yarian Pennsylvania and the Hebrews,
who have suffered in Russia, German
and Austria. And this brief summary
does not include the names of all the
subject races.
y very large number of these incor-
porated hut unassiInilated peoples are
found living under the Austrian gov
eminent The tN AuStriaS. upper ana
lower. SaIZburg Tyrol. Norarlberg ard
much of Carinthia and Styria are oc-
cupied chiefly by Germans, who are
found also around the edges OF Bone
mia and in much of SileSia- The re
naiudar of Sflesia and the greater part
of Bohemia and Mora via are stun oc-
crlpie,I by Czechs. Western Gallcia is
Polish, as is also a small part of Silesta.
Eastern tsalicia and part of Buko-
yina are populated largely by Ruthen-
ians. The Slovenes predominant in
Carniola. rz-Gradisca, Istria. south
ern Styria and Trieste. though the
Italians and other peoples are numer-
GUS and Italians, before the war, were
numerous in the Tyrol and in the
towns OF Dalmati;t. Serbs and Croats are
numerous in Istrfa and p;,lnratta, while
the Ruman!aus are very strong in
Bukovina
One of the strani:e things Of the world
is that the word Bohemian has come
to be applied to class Of persons and
a manner of living totally unlike that
followed by the people of Bohemia.
This singular application and perver-
sion of Bohemian originated in France,
where il was first applied 10 gypSleS,
who, il supposed, were natives OF
Bohemia. Before the beginning of the
nineteenth century the name had come
TO be applied to persons of unsettled
ia bits and whose social practices Were
unconventional measured by the
standard of the times. James Anthony
Proud W no uses the word Bohemian, "
explains thar il is not necessarily UNI
complimentary. for mean. he
writes merely :; class OF persons who
prefer adventure and speculation to
settled Industry and who do not work
well in the harness of ordinary life"
a good description of Bohemia" and
Bohemian is to be found in that old
book OF Henri Nurger's Scenes of the
Life of Bohemia. and II Was ON that
book that Pucciui's. opera Of Ia
BohenIr' was founded.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29
A Poor Dresser.

Tt BERRY WALL, who for a num-
lao Der of years has been Americas
undisputed arbiter elegantiarum-or.
to put it more colloqually. king of the
dudes-condemned in New York the
apparel of a young millionaire.
He has lots of clothes" said Mr..
Wall. but he wears them wrong. He
wears a plaid lounge suit where he
ought to wear a black morning coat.
He wears on 5th avenue costumes in
tended for country walks-ox for yacht
ing cruises.
I'm fact" Mr.. Wall concluded, "he's
the sort of chap who would put on an
atiator's rig to take a ride in the
subway"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29
No Money for Meat.

g IR CECIL sPRING-RICE praised at
~ a dinner in Washington the pen
sions and allowances made by the
English government in the present
war.
The English government after this
war" he said, won't have to he
charged with neglect. parsimony or
ingrat itude.
After this war the schoolboy's def
milton Of veteran won't have the
ring of truth that it may have some
times had in the past.
"A schoolboy. you know. once wrote
in his examination paper:
IAN old soldier is called a vege-
TARTAN"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29
Good Criticism.

6SW OF don't have to be military ex-
pert to know very well just how
the war is going" said Henry Clews at
a dinner in New York
An old fellow was talking to me about
the war the other day. His ignorance
of tactics and strategy, his ignorance
even of geography, was immense. He
passed, however, as acute a war judy
ment as Maj. Moraht of the Berliner
Tagebiatt or Col. Remington of the
London Times could do. His critics
was this:
Il must say. sir. them there D. .-
nelles is shown themselves to be l,t
ter fighters than anybody thought Ia
would"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29
fuIIon Of S1Ass,
HOLLANDS FJu11sER

marine, and the speed of the large sub
marines has made them the great COM
merce destroyers of the times. Speed has
been the slogan of the naval war and the
decisive factor in almost every engage
nent.
But German f1eet-the greatest
with one exception the world has ever
known: one which could cover any
landing that u Teutonic army might
make on the English cOaSt-lieS be-
hind mined and fortified harbors in
kiel and Helgoland. because some
where outside, but within call, lies the
one mightier fleet of British dread
naughts and superdreadnaughts ships
without unusual speed but encased in
strong armor and filled with powerful
guns, able to receive as well as to
give blows.
The policy of the United States navy
has been to maintain the ship which
can defeat it's enemy when it comes to
grips. The supreme object of the navy
is maintain absolute line of de-
Tense against invasion. and it may be
that this can be done best by means of
the swift ships able to escape or to
choose attack.
The swift, heavily armed battle cruiser
wherein armor is sacrificed to speed is
very expensive to build and to maintain
whether it should supersede the slower
but more powerful dreadnaughts, wheth-
err they are necessary supplement to
them, or whether for the purpose of de-
Tense. armor should make way for
only by most careful study by the ablest
men of the facts, when they are known,
or the European naval war.
The United States navy has no battle
cruisers and no provision for their con
Structlon. 1t has ten old armored cruiS-
ers of about $4,000 tons displacement
one-time speed of twenty-five knots, and
main batteries of four eight-inch and
fourteen six-inch guns.
1t has five tirSt-claSS cruisers, of about
$500 tons and a speed of twenty-ohe
knots: four second-clasS cruisers fifteen
thlrd-class cruisers of between 5000
and 1000 tons-all old boats of type
no longer construrted-and some mont
tors: thirty sunboats of varied size. slow
speed and venerable age.
In July. 1914. England had ten battle
cruisers of more than $1,000 tons: Ger
many. eight of nearly the same class:
Japan. two of $4,000 tons
Torpedo boats. as originally con
c-ired. were small, of very high speed.
designed to dash sngly or in f1otillas
upon hostile ships which they sought
to destroy by means of a torpedo
launched with considerable accuracy
from the torpedo tube with which they
We're provided They have been super
seeded by the destroyer, wf1ish was de-
signed to drive off the torpedo boat,
and by the more lately developed sub
marine. The torpedo boat has become
of little consequence. but the destroyer
is one of the most important classes of
boat. and the one about which still
fingers some of the picturesqueness of
the lighting ship, even though their
graceful hulls are filled with powerful.
complicated whirling machinery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29

-HOSE persons who go into the
woods and fields about Washing
y ton note that birds are not so nu-
merous as they were In the prlsh'
genial days of spring. The pros thal
remain are not so gay and obtruslVe IN
their song. and the thickness OF the
foliage gives them more concealment
tba, they we're able to find when the
trees were putting on their leaves or
when the branches were only pare
green with leaf buds.
But the main reason why birds seem
less numerous is that the period OF MI
grafton is on. for many of the birds
start south as soon as the nesting sea-
son is over and their tiedglings are apie
TO shift for themselves. 1t has beeh
written by Prof. Wells w. Cooke OF the
biological survey of the department
of Agriculture, probably the most
nrominent bird authority in Washing
ton, that data collected at the florlua
lighthouses shows that southwark MI
grafton begins at least by the 10Th ana
probably as early as the 1st or July
The orchard oriole, the redstart and the
summer warbler OF the central United
States. all of them common In the
SDrlnR AROUND w IoHp peslA IiAeih
southwark journey early in July. me
causes of migration have been studied
and opposing theories evolved. but
there is no agreement among ornlthoi-
oeists as to why birds migrate and
how the habit became instinct
Some of the interesting facts deter
mined concerning the migration OF
birds are the distance they travel, the
approximate speed OF their hight, the
routes they follow in their south-to
north and north to-south passage. and
" hich bird families travel by day and
which by night.
The worlds migration champion, &C
cording to Prof. Cooke, is the arctic
tern. 1t nests as far north as land has
been discovered or a bird can find any
thing stable on which to build its nest.
A nest of this bird has been found
within T1p degrees Of the north pole,
and IT contained a downy chick sur
rounded by wall of new snow that
had been scooped out OF the nest by
one of the parent birds. When the
Young are full grown the family leaves
the arctic. and several months later as
found on the edge of the antarctic con-
tinent 1t is said that their track.
which is more than l1.OOo miles. is not
known to man. The route OF the great
focks of thousands upon thousands OF
these terms that range nearly from pole
to pole has not been noted This much
is known about them-that the arctic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29

Portable and letters from home me-
arrive
The official before passing to the
next prisoner said:
Thank you. And what IL your pro
fession. please
81 am professor in English at homo.
sirrah. the prisoner answered. not
without a touch OF pride"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29


The hydroaeroplane. which differs from
the ordinary flying machine i'll that, by
means of pontoons. instead of wheels, it
is able to rest upon and to take flight
from the water, has demonstrated it's use
fitness. The difficulty of procuring II
machine which will accomplish this, and
lie able to make long flights over the sea
with 10 chance to come to earth for rest
and repair. is very great
In August 1914. the English navy pos
seSsed some of various designs. 1t is be-
Heved that their number has been con-
Siderably increased. for, it is said, 800
air pilots are now attached to this serv-
ice They have done good scouting serv-
ice, and have made some raids upon
German stations in Belgium. The French
and Russians are believed to have had but
few hydroaeroplanes when war was de-
ciared
The Germans possessed few, if any, of
these machines for their navy, but their
aeroplaneS have done fine service for
their fleets in scouting from KEEL to Hell
goiand and out upon the North and the
Baltic seas 1t is probable that if Ad-
miral Graf Won Specs fleet had pos
sessed one or more of these hiers he
would not have been led into attack upon
the English at the Fallllands with the
loss of his entire fleet
one of the most important things for
the allies is to maintain safe way to
transport troops and munitions from Eng
land to France, and many have wondered
why the German submarines did not pre-
vent the sending of these supplies instead
etrIct;on of nercha nj and nasssneer
ships. The reports Indicate that the great
number OF French and English destroy
ers and swift cruisers which patrol these
ways, assisted by aeroplanes, drive the
submarines away The latter is not very
al at nisshf in he dan vi ipbt
the water is clear, its shadow betrays
its presence to the keen observer in the
aeropane. His signal by wireless Or
otherwise calls the dest1Oyers. who mover
about the undersea boat. which must then
completely submerge FOR safely. Inc
swift boats follow her course, if possible
and either drive her away or keep her
harmless. Apparently bombs from the
aeroplane have not been very dangerous
to the submarine, which usually. with
her deck guns. put the aeroplane to flight.
The Zeppeins have done some good
scouting but very little damage by bomb
dropping except to -combatants. AS
a menace they have been a success
= :.
@, o,,
congress last year app 'ii a." Ft''o0'-
coo Tor the development oi the hsu'o-
a.roplane for our navy. The office of
c,.,+i.S has haen very busy althouob
,0- ''' 80 ,,.,,,i., CO - e. -.
the NUMBER y, oot On ''ilp' - "a 10 .e's
insignificant, put an enoifhous amount OF
experimental work has been successfully
accomnlished and in consequence the nayv
- - IN hand sixtaan machine. 20
io" ' .., Va
early delivery OF eight ne" machines
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29

III few weeks or months. Years are
required for submarine or a destroyer
and several for battleship, al least in
time of peace. Men canot be trained in
short time. Six months are required
to prepare recruit. and the crew of
battleship cannot be improvised.
1t is not claimed that the figures
given above are exact. since no navy in
the world will allow its latest figures to
be made public. but they are as nearly
accurate as they can be made and are
sufficiently accurate for purposes of
comparison.
No attempt has been made to draw
deductions or differences: any one who
thinks will do it for himself
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29

Secretary Daniels, in
an Interview. Says the
First Requisite Is 100
Per Cent Efficiency for
Personnel and Material.
Every One in a Re-
sponsibIe Position Must
Keep the Good of the
Whole Navy Constant
lv Within His Vision.
The Addition of Men,
Munitions and Ships.
Measures for Increasing
the Efficiency of the
Enlisted Men-Devel-
opment of the Naval
Militia dvisorV
Board to Aid Scientific
and Inventive Activi-
ties.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29

~ NE of the racial perplexities of
II u Europe is that concerning the
W Czechs Like the I.ithuanians,
the Ruthenians. the Poles and other
peoples who, against their will, We're
Incorporated within the great empires.
these folk. whose country was bohemia
have nationalistic aspirations.
The memory of races is long. Be
fore the period OF the reformation
which led to the Hussire wars, Bohemia
was one of the proud and populouS
kingdoms of central Europe. 1t was
Jan Hus. rector of the University of
Prague from 1892 10 i4l5. who adopted
the doctrine OF John Wycliff, and for
two centuries afterward the Czech
peasantry repealed many iuvasions OF
III, German Hungarian papaI armies,
iINasious that were made i'll the savage
and reroci"us way which il was
Thought up 10 Il littI" more than a year
ago the world mad outliyed. Half OF
EIrope Was in arms against the Czechs,
and the marty rdnm Of the population.
says a czech historian. which began
with the defeat Of the Bohemians in the
battle of the Hila Hora. or the White
mountain, i'll 1920.
As on. of the results OF rh. lon.. and
bloody strife tWu-thirdS of the popula-
ilon were eNteruinated or driven ont
OF the country ana many Of the BOhe-
mlans sought refuge in England, where
they founded the Moravian Church and
some Of these Anslo-t'zech exiles, emf
grated to the United States. where they
founded a branch of the Moravian
Church
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29
Double PRoPELERs AND double RuDDERs OF
NOTIVE. End OF W1L1TEAEAD ToRPEDo

ures for increasing the efficiency of the
enlisted men by the creation of a naval
reserve, the development of the naval
militia and the creation of the advisory
board to aid scientific and inventive ac-
tiyitieS'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29

shortly before the outbreak of the
war England had l67 of these destroy
ers, OF which some of the latest were
credited with a speed of thirty-six
knots; Germany had 1870. France 81. be-
sides 1$5 torpedo boats; Italy IS. and
Austria Hungary SO.
The United States has g. of them. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29

HH0N HE INST need OF the Ahl%ricsth
W navy" says Secretary of the
III Navy Daniels. ''is loo per
q cent efficiency for our per
sonnet and our material. and tl's can be
attained only by every officer and enlisted
man keeping himself and everything in
trusted to him in perfect condition. I
mean by this. that every one in a re-
sponsible position must keep the good of
the. whole navy constantly within the
range of his vision: he must not allow
his horizon to be bounded by the limits
Of his immediate command. The captain
must look beyond his own ship and have
a mind to the success of the squadron to
which he is attached: the admiral. look
ing beyond his own fleet. must be prepared
at any time for possible junction with
another fleet. The bureau chief must not
allow his vision to be narrowed to the
bounds of his bureau. but be thinking how
to coordinate it with the other bureaus
for the good Of the navy. 1 have conf
dence that We are steadily advancing in
this respect all the while.
1.-The second requirement OF The navy
is the addition of such men. munitions
and ships may be necessary. These
additions in men and material can be OBJ
tanned only by the action of Congress.
The Secretary has no authority to make
such additions but | will make suitable
recommendation in my annual report.
THE European conflict has confirmed
the need OF changes advocated by our ex-
perts Our Congress, which is responsible
to the nation. not only for carefully con-
serving the public funds, but for main
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29

bohemia. exhausted by war and her
aHCi"nt government nearly extinguish-
.ii. her people chose as king mem Der
OF the Hapsburg family and an ances-
Tor of the present Emperor of Austria
Hungary The HapsburS. family, say
the Czech naticralists, broke their
agreements with the Czech ma
Iton The Hapshurgs." says one Czech
writer. had only one thouGht-to de-
;stroy Ih. glory OF Bohemia. to stiiie
the culture OF the CZechs and to Kali
their language, in which chelCicky and
other Eoheuiia,Irs preached to the world
universal peace. equal rights Tor all
men and religious liberty
Those parts of the Austrian and Ger
man empires which We're once under
the title ana dominion OF the crown oil
bohemia are Bohemia. SileSiI and Mo-
r.Vi;4 THE t'ZechS are Il Slavic people
aud therefore related 10 the SioNakS
whose ancestral l;tut,s form the greater
part OF mort western Hungary and the
various Slav peoples of the Austrian
ctupire. Notw outstanding the pressure
uf decentralization 10 which the czcchs
II: - been subjected fnl several cen
tulicSN th. pv,,Ss,utry have maintained
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-29

HnFT HE hrst need of the American
% navy. says Secretary of the
Navy Daniels, lis 100 per
= rGnI efficiency for our nnf-