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The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23
FARM NEWS

kept for cleaning up the farm n IN
creasirg The fertility are other con-
~siderationS.
During the past the prices Of o
and mutton have had a powerful IN
fiuence upOn the size OF farm HOOKS
There has always been a tendency Tor
most farmers to dispose of their hockS
when prices become low and to enter
into the business again when the
prices become high. Where pure-bred
sheep are kept the size of the Hooks
are, as a general rule, much smaller.
The work Of caring for the flock
should be considered in
the size. Certain chores must be done,
and many of these would take little
more time with fifty than with fifteen
or twenty-five head Much Of the
equipment needed for a smaller flock
will serve for a larger one. A ram
will be necessary for a dozen ewes,
while as a matter Of fact a mature
one could be bred to fifty ewes fully
as well.
AS a general rule, under mixed
farming conditions, one sheep to
three or five acres is considered a
visable. The question should not
] merely be. How many sheep can you
keep" but How many can you keep
healthy" A small healthy flock is
| much preferable to a larger one that
is diseased.
1t was formerly quite generally
thought that the sleeps wool afforded
it all the protection necessary during
the winter. If the fleece could be kept
dry, it probably would retain enough
body heat to keep the sheep warm
but this is impossible without shelter.
When a fleece one becomes wet it
takes a long time for it to dry out
especially if the weather is cold. Much
energy that would otherwise be used
for growth or f%attening must be USED
for evapOrating this water. The we
fleece also gives rise to unhealthy
conditions. In Great Britain little
housing is necessary, but in mos
places in America this would result il
severe losses.
Now that it is generally agreed tina
a certain amount Of housing is neceS
sary, the question arises as to wha
kind it shall be. This depends ON
what upon the locality and the prod
uct of the flock.
If winter or early spring lambs ar,
to be produced, h shelter must nat
urally be warmer and more preten
tious than where late lambs are tn
! rule The breed may also affect tn
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23

essary to make frequent car.f
animation of the cracks in ~.
cinity ofthe rooSts TO .letern1
an infeStation exists. When.vrr
combs or gills Of chickens apr.a Is
or signs of weakness are exh{h.t.
cause can often be aScarta}r.
making an examination of H..
ing places.
In the first place. if ticks are
all unnecessary boards and ~
which form protection for tne
should be removed. Then sor. .
house thoroughly with pure Re-
crude petroleum. ~CreoSote. OF e-..
the tick dips. used
strength of one part dip To thro. ~.
water. A thorough spraying 81
wash containing carboliC acid h..
been recommended.
a very simple ana iu.xf.
method of protecting fowls fro. 49,.
tick is TO suspend the roosts by rr..-a
of small wires from the ceiling W.
should also be run from the roa.t ~
the side of the building iii ord~r -,
prevent the framework from rot.A ~.
the building at any point Thu ~
rangement in various forms is t..re
used by q few chicken raisers IN u,ar~
localities, and with marked success
| The method is inexpensive, can ia
| adapted to any kind OF chicken house
and requires only sufficient attention
to make certain that the roo~t md
frames themselves do not berom. II.
tested.
The longevity OF the Tick l 81,
great that supporting the rorrfs b.;
means of wires cannot alone, be r.l.d
upon to Kill the ticks alr-..9t M
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23

be paid. BY producing the breeding
stock himself, the farmer should Sc
cure a more uniform lot and one bet
ter adapted to his own particular
conditions. Another advantage of
small numbers, especially where cap
ital is limited, is that better animals
can be produced.
A grade flock car gradually be con-
verted into a pure-bred one at small
cost by buying q few pure-bred ewes
and by replacing the grade ewes with
h offspring of the pure-bred. This
Is. OF course, assuming that a pure
bred ram the f1ock. This scheme
also has the advantage of Offering
experience to the breeder during a
time when his flock is not SO VAL
liable.
The number Of sheep that can be
p%roftably kept will depend somewhat
upon each farmers conditions. The
size Of the farm and the number Of
acres hat a De devoted to sheep,
the natural fertility of the land, and
he systers Of farming must all be
considered. Whether sheep are a
speciality or whether . small flock IL
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23

kind Of shelter required. some breeds
being more hardy than others.
The sheep house or shelter should
be located upon a rise of ground STOP
ing away on all sides, or at least to
the south and east. It should be pro-
tected from and should face the side
least exposed to winter winds. The
floors should be dry; there should be
plenty of Ventilation, but also freedom
from drafts. Al abundance OF light
is desirable, as is convenience of ar
rangement, making necessary the least
amount Of work. There should be
adjustable partitions forming pens for
the different classes Of sheep. and it is
desirable to have a door leading to
the outside from every one Of these.
The doors should be wide enough 50
there will be danger from crowd
ing. which may result in broken
down hips and abortion. If the doors
are closed at all. it should be only in
very severe weather. Corners on posts
and beams where the sheep come into
contact with them should be rounded
! so that the sheep will not rub their
aeeces against them. From 10 to IS
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23
BABY TANGOES. SINGS,
WHISTLES AND Ms

Chicago Special to Washington l"s~
Doing the tango, singing folk songs
in German and English by TeG.'s,
Whistling snatches from the "ueI
ana counting TO Is are anon INA
accomplishments of 2~0-month-Oid L#
ralne Meister, infant daushter
Clarence Meister, a wholesale conf
toner at 81 South Water street
the Meister home, $40 Prairie ate-
nue., little Lorraine declined to "au~
ment upon her ability as d performeft
but, prompted by a piece of car.Es
went through her PAGES.
Mrs. Meister acted as stage man
ager. h first number on the pro-
gram was a series Of German -"s
songs. Seated in a tiny rocker L@
raine swayed back and forth. a
sang in quick succession, 20 TaEnt
baum" "Schiafe. kindlein, SchlaIe,
and 20 Bleib' bel Mir
Another piece Of candy brol-ts
forth the mathematical act. The bats
girl trilled the numbers accurately up
to Is and then wavered.
To songs ung by Mrs. Meister, sEr
danced the tango, and supplement"
her mothers singing by an occasion
whistle.
Lorraine learned many OF thesa
things from a German nurse hat ~
once had" said Mrs. Meister. "She
has shown a liking for music almos
from her birth. / think that Wi
proper home training a child can h.
taught many things now consider
too advanced for their minds 81
| grasp
Mrs. Meister added tina, the song
20 Tannenbanm" was a part of the
second-year high school student
course.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23

not already infested than to eradicate
it after an infestation has become es-
tabliShed. Hence it is advisable, when
poultry raising is being started, to
choose a site at some distance from
where chickens have roasted. If it is
possible to have the entire poultry
farm We'll separated from other farms
the exclusion of the tick is made more
certain. No chickens, or coops which
have contained chickens, should be
brought near the site of the new yards.
This demands the use of the ncuba
tor for starting and replenishing the
flock. When the chicken yards are
built in proximity to infested premises
extreme care should be exercised by
n pOultryman to exclude his folWS
from these premises, as we'll as to
prevent foreign poultry from entering
the tick-free yards. Frequent and
careful inspections should also he
made of chicken houses to be certain
that ia infestation has not occurred
from u~nguarded sources. If it is de-
sired to bring stock in, this should be
kept Guarantined at some distance
from the chicken yards for ten DAYS
The temporary cOopS in which the
poultry is kept during this period
should then be burned or dipped in
boiling water to insure the destruction
Of all ticks. The seed tick NAV re-
main attached to the host for a period
of 10 days, hence the recommendation
that fowls be guaranteed for that
period. At the expiration Of the 10
4days all of the ticks will have
dropped and hidden themselves in the
cracks of the coop. They NAV then
be destroyed by the methods men
toned. When poultry is to be moved
from an old Chicken house into a new
one, the same method Of freeing them
from ticks should be EMPLOYED.
The chicken tick has been fo,,n5 70
be one or the most difficult forms of
animal lie TO destroy. It is able to
survive appAcatons which would XIII
practlcaily any forms Of insect life
insect powder. kerosene emulsions
and creosote dips used at the ordinary
strength n fumigation with such
poisonous substances as hydrocva Mo
acid gas are entirely ~inaden1ata ~
destroy the pest. On account - -
ability of the ticks to crawl far ;n,o
very narrow racks it is practicallv
impossible to strike al, of them u1i,b
any substance applied. This necessi.
.a.es repetition Of the treatment a,
intervals or a week or ten DAYS mil
troll. "" uicef con
~ Is OF much importance to de.
siIhihe as early as possible whethe,
VI not the tick is presen, in th<
: Suicheh mouse. Oftentimes the smal
oloe uckS are observed upon the skir
. ~ poultry. This should ALWAYS ca,,s.
, oHe owner to turn his attention +.
!, ne cnicken coops. Frequently sever,
Iosses are sustained without the pres
lehce OK h pest becoming known :,
; leHe ponitryman. It is, therefore. nee
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23
EVERY FARMER SHOULD RAISE
SHEEP.

UnQucstiOnabIy the Raising OF sheep
Could Very PrOftably Be Fitted
Into the General Management OF
Many Hundreds of American Farms
Where There Are None at Inc Pres
cnt Time.
BY T.. J.. SHAW.
Sheep have ever been in the van
guard of civilization. h country
has been no exception in this respect.
The magnetism Of cheap lands has
constantly drawn h industry west
ward, creating d quite general impress
sion that sheep are Improbable upon
high-pr;ced land. This may have
been true in the past but the industry
Is undergoing an evolution. The range
is almost completely occupied n is
constantly decreasing in extent. The
cost OF raising sheep in the range
country mas gradually increased, and
today many western people are re-
turning to the east for the purpose
of raising sheep. The period Of ex-
ploitatiOn is passing and a new era
of constructive livestock farming is
at hand, which mean hat a more
intensive system Of sheep farming
Upon high-priced land must follow
This is already in evidence in certain
localities and. with better care than
is now generally given the sheep.
should prove more extensive. In Eng
land, the question is not whether you
can afford to keep sheep on high
priced land, but whether you can af-
ford to keep high-priced land without
sheep.
In establishing a flock it is better
for the farmer to start on q small
scale, unless he has previously had
experience. When one is dealing
with small numbers, q mistake in
management or error in judgment is
not Of SO great importance as where
larger numbers are involved. Start
ing with a mail flock requires less
capital also. If it is desired to aug
ment the size of the flock, this can be
done by the natural increase. the best
eve lambs being selected each year
for this purpose. This should prove
more economical than buying all the
breeding stock outright. Where the
stock Is produced on the farm only
the cost Of production a rightly b.
charged against ii, out where it il
purchased the cost of production plu.
II profit and very often the price o
the reputation Of the breeder mus
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23
THE FOWL TICK 4
SOURCE OF LOSS.

1t is Difficult 10 Make a Reliable Is
innate of the Damage ChargcabIe
TO This Pest-There is No Doubt
However, That the Loss Amounts
TO Many Thousands Of Dollars An
nually.
(By r. C. Bishopp-l
Among the man. problems which
confront the poultry raiser in the
southwestern portion Of the United
States, none SGrpasses in importance
that of the fowl or chicken tick. 1t is
very common to meet people in many
sections of the infested areas who ma .te
disposed of their poultry mainly on
account of the losses cause by this
tick. The damage occasioned to the
man who is raising poultry on a con-
siderable scale, is very small when
compared with the losses sustained by
the hundreds of individuals in town
and country who keep a few fowls for
home use. This is partly due TO the
lack Of attention given their poultry
by those who do not attempt to go
into the industry commercially.
1t is much easier to exclude the
fowl tick from premises which are
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23
Testing the Egg.

After eggs have been in Tine Iue1-
bator for a week. they shout be tested
to see if they contain a d~eveioplnS
germ Hold a lighted lamp or caudle
behind each egg. An infertile egg W1f
be found to be absolutely clear, w6lie
a fertile egg will have a dark sp"t th
the center. Infertile eggs should a-
taken away and fresh eggs, caTff tf
dated, put in their places.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23

feet of floor space should be allowed
az the feed troughs and hay rack.
The quarters should not be kept too
warm, or the sheep will be subject
to colds and catarrhal conditions. The
nearer these ideal conditions can De
fulfilled the greater will be the amount
OF feed that can be proftably used IN
the production Of wool and mutton.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23

the building, as q few of them may -
found on laying hens, or on chickens
which remain on the ground, anG thUs
keep the infeStatiOn alive. In view ~
these facts it is Recommended that
along with the suspension Of this
perches on wires, spraying or moppirt
with petroleum or ~creoSote b. pral-
tiCed.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23

A farmer Of Jacksonwalc. Pa, ne
an old tree from the side OF whicn
Is growing a big red apple direct fTor1
the bark, without branch or twig.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-02-23

'.Hrrs should not at with the w :. ut S.oulIh have ,nar @ranI ~~pi-
A lam6 creep is necessary or t his II With it there is the advantage
ina me hnb can cat whenever the ' care to. A creep IS a enclosure
ontaining feed trOughs, with opening 5 large enough to Ierm MY the
lambs to enter. Rollers on the sides are superior o Stats, Is the allow
STapng their sides.
The Washington herald., 1915-07-18
Who is Hoyle! Does Hoyle run this family!'

and a trooper cell off his horse shot
through the head The black pillars
of smoke d"tting the valley had told
the pe"pi" what was coming We
to bear arms. Here was one deter
mined to protect has property-one
man caInst company after company
riding up and down. and across. To
the left Of the house. facing the barn.
an excavation had been made in the
dooryard The shot came from thence.
and before we could get under cover
second bullet wounded one. of our
squad Ten minutes later the barn
and the stacks were on fire and men
fire on the rife-pit. Just as another
squad. attracted by the firing. came
up Il third man was hit and griev-
ously wounded
pit some of the scores of bullets
fired into II must have found tar
Ge;. There was d rush from all sides
anc the pit was captured. FIFTY men
had captured one. And that one We
expected TO find some bushy- bearded
bush W hacker who had left Mosby's
band in it's forest rendezvous in the
wild hope of defending his roof-tree.
but i; was not a man at all. 1t was
lad not. day over, fourteen and
his life. And when we laid him on the
grass, and saw that he had come
home wounded from some battle up
the Valley-when the mother came
her knees and walled and sohbea-
when an old white haired grandfather
stood in the door. helpless to come
on: and look into our faces: but wall
ing out if The sight of the dead
boy, was breaking his heart: wha,
we do? Only ride away and bemoan
the cruelties OF war
The Washington herald., 1915-07-18
EOWSER BULLDOGS
But He Doesn't Scare Mrs. Bowser Any

Smith was al : me today" said Nj.
Bowser. as he Ia. his evening paper
, aside. ii VIC NO Ildn't drop over some
evening and have four-handeG game oi
euchre with them
Why. / should like to 90 over any
evening"" replied Mrs. BoNser.
He and his wife play most every even
ing
IF YOU only knew how to rIay we
might have a game now and then"
Il have been told that l play farl!
we'll replied Mrs. Rowser.
Have. oh: suppose We might have
game two. though of course ! car
play my cards with my eyes shut HAY.
you got rack around?
Mr.. Bowser. | am perfectly willing &c
play. but YOU must promise IRE not I,
get mad II YOU are beaten.
Mad. What are YOU talking about
The idea of me getting mad over game
of cards.,
DO sou pronise?'
My dear woman. in about ter min
::tss from now YOU viii begin 10 iuTi
red and white. and get 50 mad that a
yoke q: oxen can't hold YOU You are
and If YOU win one gam. our of ten u
buy you so hat
IF | win more games than ,ou do
YOU won't-y"U won't feel put U:ir"" she
asked as they Sat down to the table.
Good lands. hut What - the Nrn!an
talking about? Mrs Row$.r. w. played
more Games Of .urhrc than Xou'r, e,t
hairs m YOUR head. and n" ON" ever
knew me to feel anything bat s-i"m"
y husband who can't play a "an" "t
cards with his wife without getting mad
had better hang up. 80 ahead and deal
The poorest play"r always has IN" deal.
Hearts is trump. Ell" Al. Ia ! vii! pro-
coed to lead with this
Mr.. Bowser had good hand and
scored march and after counting up
he leaned back and laughed and said
ANY other little game that you can
play better than this
He dealt and scored another point and
Chucklcd some more. and when the game
was finished she had only scored one
point 10 his ten.
BEGINNING to get red in the face
have promised not to get mad. though.
and I shall hold You TO IL
She had nothing to say. hut scored a
march on the new game Nj. Bowser
The Washington herald., 1915-07-18
0. Hope Jones .
He Is Not the Tool of Any Trust

the agnostics in ition to US. My
artist was not II 1ut II there L. a
false-hearted, hu ked. bow-legged
man in this audIe IS going IN let
that fact make erenCe with him
l do not want h '. History tells
us that there OF lions. that
there was man Daniel. that the
door of that cage 'pened and Dam
iel chucked in. II rNpected that the
beasts would make meat of him right
on the reel. as they hadn't been fed for
three DAYS. but thev never harmed a
hair of his head. and the sCoffers there
fore contend that the story is all a warn.
q. Hope Jones is not here to deceive YOU.
You can bet dollars 70 cents that Daniel
and the lions were all there and that IL
the lions didn't eat him there were ID
reasons for it-reasonS perfectly salts
factory TO those who wrote OF the times
\ scoffer asks: Does any man believe
that if | We're 10 enter A cage OF hungry
lions that ! would come out unharmed?
That has nothing TO do with the case. A,
lion which had reasons for not eating
Daniel might have reasons for devourInS
David. ! have tumbled down a well,
rolled off the roof of a barn. been tossed
by a bull, kicked by a mule. and the fact
that | am living toniEht is PERHAPS due
10 my solemn and unaltefahle belief that
Daniel was cast into "A den Of lions and
came out without a button missing.
Our next picture represents another in
Cident which scorers have made much
fun Of. 4 good man was going up tho
-
lowed after and called him old bald-head
and threw stones at him and Knocked
him. The bears came forth from the
thiCkets and d.voured about forty of tho
Knockers. II is COntended that these chill
dren We're suileless and that the merci-
full Creator would not have inflicted such
punishment upon them. My friends. no
man of today knows the kid OF 2,"o
years ago. IL is my opinion that h" was
a bad lot-aboUt forty times worse than
the Bowery hoodrIm Of the present gem
Grafton. Last night. as ] held forth in
the town hall OF Pumpkin Point-on-the-
hudson. hoy hardly ten years old
threw a goose e@- from the back Of the
hall and hit me Ill the solar pleNus. and
the exhibition Vas interrupted for about
twelve minutes II the lad of today
after 900 years of moral elevation will
do that. what can You say of the chill
drcn Of that date? The bears might
have overdone their work. carried away
with enthusiasm. hut let us continue to
believe that the moral lesson was noe
lost upon the community.
An intermisSion of FIVE minutes will
now occur that / may change from Bib
lcal subjects Of 2.HH6 wears ago to land
SCaPes along the Erie Canal. and when
the exhibition is finally concluded and
the hat passed for the benefit of the
orphans OF Siberia. each and every one
of you will have had Your moneys
worth twice over. and will so home with
newer and nObler resolves in your
hearts
The Washington herald., 1915-07-18
Old Zeb White
He Tells of His Cantankerous Son Sam

"Speakin' about cantankerous critters 81
said old Zeb White as we sat together
one evening. but reckon nv son Sam
who died five vars ago. was about tht
,vrst Tina, hoy had a powerful good
b.,r, in hin, .s rineral thing. bu,
thar. WAS DAYS when the devil seemed
tn hoy nossession of him. 1t wasn't nc
sood N switch him and when he wa,
or,.- sor.s i, wasn't no kood to arg,
NTH hin, He was Il vars old when
.,r,, homo from tho wab and his head
,,- s,vaI,ad -, hi- 'nuf fur a man OF
n IL finally 90, so that he felt like
,,hsir, -, .s,r r,s wa. a, worr in
=. 5 a., a.y rb., he Gums hons
me .,.,i,. til. 80
from Inc 60 hers a-sPi''ih ris"' anu
left and bimeby he Gums out to me and
.,< a.
Pop. meboe yo Calls !o rseH the
best man on this yere mounting?
.Nehhe do seq |, as looks at him
ieoo' 'o =
outer my left eve
- But yo amt though, and / kin
r,o,.s e..
p'
Then who is
He stands right we're befo' yo'. and
his cognomen ar Sam White. Dad. I'm
,,u;,a "a whom va.
Better go inter the house. boy. anu
hev yo'r mother gin 20 sum bread and