davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-09

the former instincts. a boy starts life at
his mothers breast. During the early years
OF childhood woman is usually his domi.
mating guide. His mother is his chief Judge
ana counselor. Mothers may strive for alb,
Stract Justice in their dealings with thel
children, but the maternal mind itself has
decided predisposition toward mercy
There Is hardly a day In the average
boys life that he is not brought before his
mother for Judgment and for punishment
And there is not day when he does not
receive the maternal judges benefit OF the
doubt. Fathers are apt to be stern in their
correction, but mothers know the righteous
ness OF another chance. This association
OF childhood lenency may appear small
thlng, but any psychologist Who knows OF
The subtle influence of the emotions upon the
reason Will find in 1t one of the causes for
the biased Judgment of men juries when
dealing with women criminals. The emo
ton OF maternal love reacts back through
the male child toward all womanSind
Few mothers" says Schneider, Sin car.
ing for their child, think of the proper pur.
pose OF maternal love for the preservation
OF the species. Such thought may arise
In the fathers mind: seldom in that OF the
mother" And William James adds that
mother love Is invincibly superior to any
thing that man can show"
So. to sum up, we find mans desire to
bring free reason to the jury box when
woman Is OH trial not the simple matter
that it might appear Fighting over against
his pure intellect are the most fundamental
Instincts and the most soulstirring emo.
lions in his nature. A mothers love and
mercy for her son reacts and colors and
influences his whole attitude toward
womankind. Through his association OF
Ideas his leashed instructive impulses break
loose into uncomfortable mental results
These results often take the form Of Not
Guilty when every dictate OF reason cries
out for conviction.
It may be suggested that in so far as
the emotions and reactions OF mother love
are concerned the daughter would be
equally influenced with the son. But |
think that one would have difficulty in
maintaining this point OF view. Women
are notably better judges OF women than
are men. BY their nature they do not react
so powerfully to feminine tears. woman
can attain another woman's level OF ex-
perience much more easily than can a man
Her reason does not find so terrific a battle
TO night with her instinct and emotions We
shall finally come TO women juries for
women criminals.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-09

stinctive assumption Of guardianship led
to the assumption of woman's irresponsi-
bility and mans usurpation OF this
responsibility for her before the law of his
fellows. She, he argued, knowing nothing
of law could not be held accountable to the
law Such matters could be personally
attended to through domestic chastiscment
and not through public correction With
these ingrained instincts and habits is it
any wonder that jury of modern men now
and then give what appears to be an
unrea soned verdict?
Almost any man will admit these in
stinctive traces Of impulse in himself The
stronger the intellect. OF course, the better
control the man has of the old fundamental
habits Of mind. Intellect can and does con-
Quer instinct or else we should yet be Il
world Of barbarians with tho blood lust
free in our veins. But as we approach
closer and closer to the, first instincts OF
tho race Of man-even in this late day OF
purging Of the animal impulse--we find the
battle for supremacy between the intellect
and those instincts more and more ferocous.
This ferocity is emphasized when in
stinct and intellect find third batter in
The arena in the shape Of the Emotions. AS
James comments, "n speaking of the in
stincts it is almost impossible to keep
them separate from the emotional excite
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-09

ments which go with them Objects OF
rage. love, fear. etc, prompt man to out
ward deeds as do his instincts and intellect.
1t is Obvious III *, that it would be diff
cult to establish the motives back Of the
leniency OF male jury with a feminine
prisoner without taking into consideration
the emotional associations and reactions.
1t is perfectly natural and normal for the
masculine mind in a jury box to react ire
mendously to feminine tears and distress
Try rs the intellect may to steel the judg-
ment against such all appeal, it usually
Tails to n marked degree
coalition OF the emotions and the
primal instincts OF defence plays havoc
with tho detached Spartan virtues OF rca-
son. The various demands and impulses
are all too complicated for the ordinary
man to differentiatc. There seems to be a
multitude OF unrecognized Influences play
ing and lighting back and forth across his
brain.
Take one little example of an association
of ideas. man comes to tho trial OF q
woman with his Judgment bound by Il long
chain of emotion stimulating associations.
Even II schooling and culture have eradi-
Gated tho unreasoned instincts, we find that
probably this same schooling and childhood
training have planted II mental bias in the
mans brain which is almost as powerful as
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-09
Inc Handsome Adele Blood
band, Edwards Davis Not the One He Asked

minds rs that the reason women were sub
jected to guardianship was on account OF
their unsteadiness Of character Gaius
thought il was because of the general weak.
ness OF the sex and their ignorance of legal
matters.
The woman was always under guardian
ship among the early Germanic peoples.
She received legal protectorate. At that
time any legal action might have involved
fighting to prove the merits Of ones case.
and the women would therefore constantly
need a champion to assert her rights in
the lists. Under the old common law the
husband was woman's Judge and prose
cutor Eugene A. Hecker, In his book,
"a Short History Of Womans Rights"
quotes an old enactment which thus de-
scribes a husbands duty:
He shall treat and govern the aforesaid
a we'll and decently, and shall not inflict
nor cause to be inflicted any injury upon
the aforesaid A except in so far as he
may lawfully and reasonably do so in
accordance with the right of husband to
correct and chastise his wife,"
Blackstone, writing in 1863, is quoted as
follows: For as he (the husband) is to
answer for her (the wife's) misbehavior,
the law thought II reasonable to intrust
him with this power Of restraining her
by domestic chastisement." Mans in
DOWNRIGHT 1915 nv the Star Comma,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-09

XV7tiY do men juries SO frequently free
w women when, as often happens,
the evidence for conviction Is con-
vincing?
Are we discovering at mis- late date that
mems minds and hearts are unable TO sub
NIT woman to the just punishment of the
law?
Have We been creating a fundamental
error in our attempt to try women before
masculine jurists?
Have Justice and mercy become ire
trievably correlated in the psychology of
sex?
Or is his so-callcd iaxity OF Justice Just
another illustration OF Il general softenng
OF nations moral fibre?
My friend The publicist tells me that this
subject has nothing TO do with scx--that it
is an innamed symptom of the modern
social disease, Fear OF respons Utility" 1t
takes tough moral purpose to pursue
criminal tendencies with relentless vigor,
and he fears we are losing the necessary
ruggedness OF citizenship. Every jury
conviction is battle royal between the
intellect and the emotions, with the intel.
lcct fighting through TO an eNhausting vic.
tory. because OF mans evolutionary asgo.
Citations his emotions double and some
times triple their forces against the in
ieilect when prosecuting attorney is
trying 10 convict q woman.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-09
Impulses Handed Down
from the Cave-DwelIers

My friend the sociologst, however, takes
issue with the pubicist. He does not be.
icve that men are lenient with women
criminals because the iron is rusting out
OF the masculine Will II may be, he sug.
sests. that the tendency is crude demon
stration OF our new conception of social
responsibility for individual error 1t may
be that in our slow, faltering toward ulti.
mate mercy cold, calculating justice is
making its first exceptions for women
These are interesting suggestions from
ourbrother scientists, but the experimental
psychologist can, think, find the causes
OF mans mercy without dipping his pen in
the murk OF pessimism or without wander
ing too far aiicld in the unknown direction
OF evolution.
plea for feminine responsibility toward
the law. Modern woman would be the
frst 20 resent such an absurdity. ! do not
want 10 give the impression that ! am
eXcusing injustice. But | should like to
show what q human, normal thing II is
for man TO shield his woman.
The tendency finds its roots in the most
powerful instinct that ever governed man.
1t reaches back 10 the most remote origin
Of the race. The whole framework OF
society has been built around mans in
stinct to shelter his woman. Follow the
science of anthropology back to the cave
man of Gironde and you will find the
males first law the preservation OF the
female, so that the group and the clan
might be permanently maintained
! have spoken OF instinct as mighty
contender for the direction Of mems
impulses Let us stop for a second to see
what sort OF a power it is-where it came
froR, how It grew and It's excuse for being
at an
William James CPsychology," volume
81 says:
instinct is usually defined as the faculty
of acting In such way as to produce GER
tain ends without foresight Of the ends
and without previous education in. the per-
Torrance. And Chadburne illustrates this
definition as follows: Has the bird a
gland for the secretion Of oil? She knows
instinctively how to press the oil from the
gland and apply it to her feather. Has
the rattlesnake the grooved tooth and
gland OF poison? He knows without in
struction how to make both structure and
function most effective against his enemies
Has the silk worm the function Of secreting
the silk fluid? AT the proper time she
winds the cocoon, such as she has never
seen, as thousands before her have done,
and thus without instruction, pattern or
experience forms q safe abode for herself
in the period Of transformation Has the
hawk talons? She knows by instinct how
to WELD them effectively against the help.
less quarry
This illustrates very simply the animal
instinct for self preservation and defense.
Man, Of course, has many OF these same
instincts. mo other mammal, not even
tho monkey" says James, "shows so large
an array"
And again, "Man has a far greater
variety OF impulses Gnstincts) than any
lower animal and any one OF these inn
pulses, taken in itself, is as blind as tho
lowest instinct can be; but, owIne to mans
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-09

"a n hDAME CAILLAUX, the beautiful and accomplished
MI Minister Finance deliberately
a a and in cold blood murdered distinguished in
Paris and the jury acquitted her.
Madame Marguerite SteinheiI, equally attractive
Frcnchwoman acquitted by jury Of the murder Of
her husband under remarkable circumstances
In spite OF the strong evidence show that it
hand Of Mrs. Carman that held the pistol that killed
Bailey in DR.. Carman's office, at Freeport l. jury
convict her.When Albert GaIlatn Wheeler
Jr wanted divorce from his beautiful pIished
wife the jury would not believe his charges In spite
the evidence In the suit for divorce against actress
Adele Blood the referee made remarkable
planning why he would not find her guilty
What is the that jures will not convict women?
Professor James e Lough the distinguished psychologist
OF New York University here explains the psychology
this curious, but we'll recognized phenomenon.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-05-09
The Psychological Explanation
of the Problem
By Professor James f.. Loueh

WHY do men juries SO frequently free
\Af women when, as often happens,
the evidence for conviction Is con.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1915-09-09
Commissioners Fix Levy Monday.

The county commissioners will mee'
in this city Monday to fix the levy on
which to base the taxes for 1915, and
while it will naturally be their disposi-
ton to hold this levy at the lowest pos
sible figure, they are confronted by a
law enacted by the last legislature that
would seem to compel them to raise
said levy above last years as safe
guard against contingencies; though
this law was doubtless intended to op-
crate otherwise. The law referred to
is as follows:
Chapter 116, page 262, Session Laws
1915. That all county, town, mu-
nicipal, road and school district officials
who issue orders or warrants or approve
bills or order warrants to be drawn in
excess of the levies made shall be
liable, both personally and on their Of
fetal bond, for the payment OF any
such excess.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1915-09-09
The Dodge Reached the Top.

Driving an automobile to on altitude
ofr11, 800 feet was the remarkable feat
performed by c. B. Sanderson and R.
H. Hobson of Spokane on their trip
through the Yellowstone park, from
which they have just returned, said
Sundays Spokesman-Review. They
are the first Spokane people to drive an
automobile up Mount Spokane and
Mr.. Sanderson S Dodge is one OF the
few cars that has made the steep and
perilous ascent.
We left Spokane for the Park Mon
day afternoon in my Dodge; made the
rugged drive across the rockies in good
shape, and reached the park entrance
duly. After passing the rigid govern
ment examination for cars intending to
make the park tour and paying the re-
quired $3.50 entrance fee. we in COM
pany with Al other cars started on the
tour: All the 48 cars started the as
cent of the famous Mount Washburn,
but when we reached the top we found
only three had been able to complete
the run-two Cadillacs and a Master
Six Chalmers. The grade was from Is
to 90 per cent, and we were 1850
feet above sea level. l made up my
mind right then that my Dodge was a
real hill-climber.
The first frost of the season arrived
Monday night.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1915-09-09
Rev. Fertig Re turns.

The Columbia River conference
of the Methodist Episcopal church
which concluded it's session in Spo-
kane Tuesday, returned Rev. 7. H
Fertig as pastor of the church a
Nezperce for at least another year.
ministry in this field. Rev. Fertig
has conducted this charge during
the past year, and it is not over
reaching the mark to say that our
city never had minister more gen.
orally beloved, nor a family m ore
highly esteemed, and the continu-
alton of their stay among US will
give pleasure and satisfaction to all.
Other appo intments made for this
section are as follows:
Walla Walla district Rev. An
drew Warner, superintendent.
Clarkston-W. P. Jennett.
Cottonwood-F. A. Grunswald.
Echo-U. C. Smothers.
Fraser-H. +. Hawan.
Grangeville-R. F. Gornall.
Kamiah-J. c. Snowden.
Lewiston-E. H. Longbrake.
Orofno-M. H. Morton.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1915-09-09
Institute Next Week September 1917

Institute Next Week September 1871
At a convention of the nine north
ern county superintendents and tn
leading educational men of northern
Idaho held in Lewiston June Do,
was decided best to hold the annua
institutes during the first two weeks
of September. The four extreme
northern counties to have the weel
of September 9th, and the week O.
September 18th would be used by
the counties of Latah, Clearwater
Nez Perce, Idaho and Lewis.
The advantages of conducting
these institutes at this time are
many.
First-The exchange of institute
instructors which is very necessary
from financial standpoint. The
very small allowance which the law
prescribes for use in this manner
makes it very diff cult to provide the
very best material.
Second-If teachers are to be
given instruction and aid in the
many problems which confront them
in this progressive age, the beginning
of the school year is the most op-
perfume time to enable them to be of
most service to the children en-
trusted to their care.
Third-A later date interferes
with the work of the school much
more. A week in October would
mean much greater loss to the
child than one at the beginning of
the school year. The longer the
period of regular work in school
without a break in the time the
better the application of the pupils
in general. The maj ority of our
holidays come during the first SEM
ester, and We should avoid any
other vacations so far as is possible.
Fourth-In an agricultural coun-
try it is almost impossible for the
farmers children to enter at the
opening of school. This gives to
them decided advantage.
For these and many other reasons
discussed and decided upon by the
leaders in this work the institutes
are being held in the FIVE counties
before mentioned. We have with
The cooperation of the other county
secured some very
able instructors.
DR.. Frank E. Brown, of Brookins,
South Dakota comes to US very high
ly recommended. He is giving his
services for two weeks to the teach
ing forces of eight counties in four
Institutes. He will be with the
Lewis county institute on Monday
and Tuesday of next week. On
evening he will deliver a
ecture before the teachers of the
in general.
Edward Barlow Evans, a noted
ecturer, and an important educator
n Drake University, will arrive in
Nezperce Wednesday evening. A lee
ure will be given by him to the
eachers and the public in general.
Edward O. Sisson, commissioner of
education for the state of Idaho, ex-
oects to be present for one day. He
vill also address the people in gen.
,ral on very important topic.
George H. Black, president of the
lewiston State Normal will be in at
enhance Tuesday. Addresses both
morning and afternoon on some time
y subject will be given.
Melvin A. Brannon, president of |
he university of Idaho, will be
present Thursday, September 10. In
he morning he will address the high |
school session, and in the afternoon |
he teachers and the community in
general.
Miss Addie M. Aver, of the Lew
ston Sta Normal, also Miss Janet |
It. John, have both appeared in this
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1915-09-09
READING, WRITING
and 'RITHMETIC.
Public Schools In Full Swing. - En-
rollment Over 800; More Coming.
New Teachers Added.

The old school bell brushed tn,
cobwebs from its throat Monday morn
ing and summoned the youth of the
community once more to the joys anC
sorrows of that stretch of life which
most OF us elders would fain try ovel
again-the school days.
The 1915-lo session opened with
every promise of good year. Ths
faculty was all on hand with the work
we'll laid out, and over 800 pupils an
swered roll call at the opening. How
ever, this number will be increased to
nearer 400 when school reopens after
next weeks holiday for the institute,
as many thought it hardly worth while
to start in and 60 this week and then
remain away week. AS it is, Super
intendent McMahan found the fifth and
six grades overcrowded for convenient
handling in one room, as has been the
custom heretofore, and on Monday
an extra teacher was secured to take
charge of the fifth grade. This, togeth-
er with the instructor added to the high
school some time ago when it was de-
cided to change the course to include
the seventh and eighth grades in what
is now junior high school, brings the
number of instructors up to fourteen,
and finds the large school building so
comfortably full that it begins to look
like the attic room, left to be finished
when necessity arose, would have to be
utilized next season.
Yesterday the enrolment in the jun
ior and senior high school was little
over 100. The routine work was we'll
under way and everything running as
smoothly as we'll fabricated machine.
This evening reception in honor of
thes teachers is to be given at the
Maternal Temple under the direction
Of the Woman's Mutual Developing
Club Everyone is expected to par
ticipate in this and get acquainted with
the strangers and assist in making them
feel welcome.
Following is the faculty for the
current year:
L. c. McMahan, superintendent.
Miss Florian Luiklater, graduate
Reed College, Portland, Latin and
history.
Miss Elizabeth Nelson, Universi-
ty of Washington, English and
German.
Miss Alice Halferdahl, University
of Washington, English and history,
in junior high school.
Miss Mary Baldwin, Michigan
Agricultural College, domestic
science.
w. B. Nattingly, University of
Illinois, agriculture.
P. L. Burns, Oklahoma State
Normal, manual training.
In the grades:
Miss Ruth Lawrence, Montana,
State Normal, 9th grade.
Miss Leila LAWN, State Normal,
Lewiston, 5th grads.
Miss Katheryn Hilton, State Nor
NAL, Lewiston, 4th grade.
Miss Beth Ciandall, Michigan
N ormal, Sd grade.
Miss Sarah LAWN, State Normal,
Lewiston, I'd grade.
Mrs. H. G.. Anderson, State Nor
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1915-09-09
WINS SILVER
MEDAL ON WHEAT
7. F. Jacobs Of Nezperce Captures
Coveted Prize at Worlds Fair
Congratulated by Governor.

| t. F. Jacobs, one of the home
steaders of this vicinity who had the
wisdom to see the grand future that
was in store for this country and
stay with his fine farm, which lies
two miles south of this city, was last
week appraised of the fact that
sample of wheat which he had placed
on exhibition with the other Idaho
offerings at the San Francisco Ex-
position had been awarded a silver
medal by the fair management.
When the committee in charge of
the Idaho exhibit visited this section
last year, they visited Mr.. Jacobs
ranch, in company with Prof. Nc
Connell, then Lewis county agricul-
turist, and he gave them bundles of
his Montana Deal and Hybrid wheat
and also some of each variety of
grain that had been threshed. He
had thought little of the matter
since, until informed of his good
fortune.
Now this is an honor and distinc-
tion worth while. 1t will do more
to widely advertise the real value of
this territory than~anything that has
happened. This fact is~-fufly ap-
preciated by Governor Alexander,
who wrote Mr.. Jacobs relative to
the matter as follows:
Governors Office, Boise, Idaho,
August 81, 1915.
Mr.. T. F. Jacobs,
Nezperce, Idaho.
Dear Sir: It is with great pleas
ure that | avail myself of the oppor-
tunity to congratulate you as we'll as
the State of Idaho upon your success
in winning silver medal at the Pam
ama-Paciic International Exposition
at San Francisco for wheat grown by
you in this State.
There is no better advertisement
for the State than such recognition to
its products and feel l would not be
doing my duty to neglect to express
nv appreciation and the apprecia-
tion of the State upon your success
in this regard.
Yours respectfully,
M. Alexander, Governor.