davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pulaskian., 1915-11-05
GROWTH OF MODERN NAvIEs
lronclads and Submarines May Be Said to Be the Result of
 Evolution.

Ironclad is the name given to naval vessel wholly or partly cased with iron plates. It was given before the days of modern steel battleships. The experience of the British and French fleet before Sebastopol, during the Crimean war, demonstrated the need of armor for battleships. The French at once began to build five armor-plated vessels, and the British followed soon after. Tn 1859 belt of armor was fitted to a wooden vessel, renamed La Gloire, and she was the first armor-clad warship. In June, 1859, the British government began the construction of the armor-plated all-iron frigate Warrior She was the first iron warship, and was completed in 1861. Converted into a floating workshop, she was still in use in 1910, under the name of Vernon H. The Nemesis, an iron vessel, not battle ship, had been engaged in 1842 in the Chinese war, but great objection was felt to iron as a material for battle ships before the Crimean war on ac- count of the supposed danger from the enemy's shot. The introduction of iron as recognized material for ships in general is often dated 1918, when the lighter Vulcan was built near Glas- gow. The very first iron boat built was launched on the River Foss, in Yorkshire, in 1777.
 The earliest attempts at a subma. rine craft began early in the seven teenth century The earliest success which has been chronicled was that of 1920, when Dutch natural phi. losopher, Cornelis van Drebbel built a boat which could be submerged. The first undoubted success was SC. cured by the American engineer Bush. nell in 1775, with turtle-like craft, worked by one man. During the war of Independence boat of this kind was submerged below the British war. ship Eagle and the operator tried to attach magazine containing fifteen pounds of gunpowder to her bottom planking. He failed in his object, but the magazine later exploded some dis tance from the ship
 One of the first submarines of me. chanica1 power was the French Plon geur, built in 1863 from designs by Brun. During the Civil war the Con. federates built number of cigar shaped boats, some worked by hand and some by steam, which were armed with torpedoes. They were known as Davids on the account of their size as compared with battleships. In 1864 g handworked one attacked the Federal ship Housatonie and sank her by means of a spar torpedo, though the submarine herself was sunk in the operation. Many other inventors, ol course, besides those mentioned have succeeded in the construction of sub mersibles.
The Pulaskian., 1915-11-05
LOCAL HAPPENINGS

Dr. Parnell of Mississippi is visiting MT. and Mrs. J. H. Hicks.
 MT. and Mrs. D. B. Lipsey motored to Lonoke and England Tuesday.
 Mrs. B. w. Mccormick enter tained at auction bridge on No vember 5.
 w. H. Hicks of Lonoke visit ed his daughter, Mrs. John P. Streepey.
 MT. and Mrs. Vanpelt of Lit tie Rock have moved to 323 N. Elm street.
 MT. Frank of Texarkana is visiting his daughter, Mrs. Charles Bius.
 Mrs. Pearl Long of Forest Park has been i'll for a few days, but is better.
 The woods are filled with hickory nut hunters these beau tiful autumn days.
 The protracted meeting at the Methodist church continues this xxroolx xxy,fb ,,,toroct
 Robert Crouch of 1122 Chest nut street has returned home from St. Vincent's.
 The ladies of the Guild of St. Marks gave a dinner at the par ish house Friday night.
 Mrs. c. M. Lawrence of Ward is visiting her son, Roland Law renee, at 321 Palm street.
 Mrs. Albert Pollard is suffer- ing with an attack of diphtheria at her hme on Beech street.
 Mrs. Atkins of Pine Bluff, mother of Mrs. w. o. Koen, has been visiting her daughter.
 Mir. and Mrs. N. o. Ellis of Missouri are visiting Mrs. J. ". Pool at 218 North Cedar street.
 Mrs. John Bassett of Shreve- port was the guest of her moth CT, Mrs. Blanche Briggs, the past week.
 MT. and Mrs. Ernest Tipton and family of 500 Laurel street are off on fishing trip and will return Saturday.
 Carpets and Rugs Cleaned and Ren0vated.-Phone Main 3247. x. G. Myers, successor to c. J. Francis.
 Miss Velma Rogers of Ouachi- ta College spent last Sunday with her parents, Dr. and Mrs. J. s. Rogers.
 Julian H. Miller of 704 Palm street was called away on busi- ness at Lake Charles, La, to be gone month.
 Mrs. w. G. Sprague and little son of 522 Pine street have re- turned from their trip in the northern part of the State.
The Pulaskian., 1915-11-05

A Kodak makes a nice going away present for the boy or girl who IS going away to school. Our stock is the largest in the State. Send us your mail or ders. Snodgrass 6 Bracy. Adv.
The Pulaskian., 1915-11-05

NIT. ana MfS. A. E. WnlClng, formerly of Plant City, Fla, are visiting at the home of MT. and Mrs. Robert Crouch of 1122 Chestnut street.
 The musical members of the Pulaski Heights Presbyterian Church are rehearsingv for an operetta to be given the early part of December.
 Alderman Locklar's fine baby won a beauty prize at the county fair and scored perfect in the baby health examination.
 Mrs. A. L. Aulick has been ap- pointed to represent Arkansas in preparing the w. M. U. pro- gram for the Southern Baptist Convention.
 A. V. Denny of 1210 North Chestnut street and MT. Spires, Major Jett and w. B. Owens of Little Rock left Thursday on a hunting trip.
 MT. and Mrs. J. M. Bradley of 720 Cherry street have moved to Little Rock. G. c. Wood, formerly of Shreveport, La., has rented his home.
 The house of E. A. Stanley, of Lee avenue and Cedar street, is about completed and the fam fly is expected to move in with in the next few days.
 A. M. Blankinship is building a cottage at 817 Locust street.
 St. Marks Guild will give a chicken supper at the parish bought tonight (Friday).
 MT. Gore, father of Mrs. F. G. Myers, of Spruce and Ken yon, who is in Rochester, Minn., under treatment of the famous Drs. Mayo, is rapidly improving in health.
 The Rev. w. T. Thompson of Searcy will preach Sunday at the Pulaski Heights Methodist Church. Morning subjecvt will be Family Religion" At night, "Subtleties of Sin"
 J. s. Luton, corner of Beech street and Prospect avenue, is having a new house built at the corner of Sixth avenue and Walnut street, a two-story building to cost S3,000.
 The little five-year-old daugh- ter of MT. and Mrs. Will Miller, on Izard street, died last even ing. Mrs. Miller is a sister of Rev. w. T. Thompson, who is holding the revival services at the Pulaski Heights church.
 Rabbi Louis Witt, who recent ly leased the home of T. J. Jack son, at Cedar street and Pros pect avenue, is so we'll pleased with the Heights that he has purchased a lot and a half and will build a home here.
 c. P. Harnwell has addressed a communication to the Pulaski Heights City Council calling at tention to the lack of cars for handling traffic between Little Rock and Pulaski Heights dur ing the rush hours. With other citizens and a member of the Little Rock council he says he counted 109 passengers on a morning car going to the city and 107 passengers on an even ing car bound for Pulaski Heights, the seating capacity of each car being only 36. The council is asked to enforce a ten-minute schedule.
The Pulaskian., 1915-11-05
The Place You and l Make Money A. R. LEVY MERCANTILE co.

$2O, 900 STOCK OF MEN s, LADIES AND CHILDREN SHOES, values from $1.25 to $600; sale price, zoe v $2.00 per pair. Must be closed out ~ once. Clothing at soc on the dollar: ,se 214-216 w. Capitol Ave. Phone <sTs'
 LITTLE ROCK, ARK.
Evening star., 1915-01-23
ANARCHY REPORTED
IN MEXICO CITY
Many Women Said to Be Near
Death From Treatment
by Villa Troops.
CARRANZA AGENCY HERE
DENIES PUEBLO is TAKEN
Villa Declared to Be Holding Garcia
Brothers for $500, 900 Ransom.
Figuerra Quits Villa.

Anarchy, panic and disorder are said
to reign in Mexico City. by dispatches 3
from Vera Cruz today to the CarranZa
agency here. Rafael Zubaran, Car
ranza's minister ofthe interior. charges
many women in the capital are near
death from their treatment at the
hands of Villa troops.
Eulalio Figuerra. one of the brothers
Of that name. is reported to have
abandoned Villa and applied for ad-
mission to the Carranza ranks. Gen.
Obregon denies Puebla has been at
tackled
Official dispatches to the State De-
partment yesterday said Zapata oops
were four miles away Thursday.
The Carranza agency issued the fol-
lowing statement:
Minister of the Interior Zubaran at
Vera Cruz has made the following
official statement: Gen. Obregon re-
ported that he has been Informed that
Mexico City stands aghast at the
atrocities committed on women by the
Villistas before their march northward
and many women are in the hospitals
and near death because of their treat
ment The Zapatista conventtontsts IN
charge of the city have dismissed the
police force and all employees in the
solved to demand the resignation OF
Gutierrez. Anarchy, panic and disorder
reign.
The conventionists are now meditating
the notification of all paper money
issued by Villa. which is approximately y
$500, 600. 900. Word comes from the
north that Villa is holding two broth
ers,. Antonio and Jose Garcia. for a
half million dollars ransom, and when
they told Villa they could not pay he
ordered their two sons shot
Gen. Eualio Figuerra. in the state
Of Michoacan, has disavowed Villa and
asked to be taken into the CarranZa
ranks Gen. Blanco before abandoning
Mexico City made public statement
that Villa was planning to have him
assassinated."
THE gunboats Bravo and Progreso
arrived at Vera Cruz last night, and
reported to the war department, thus
disproving statements that they had
mutinied. A telegram from Gen. Obre-
gon denies that Puebla has been at
tackled or taken"
Evening star., 1915-01-23
AUTO DRIVER IS FINED.
Charles Newman Accused of Operat.
ing Machine While Drunk

When you undertake to operate an
automobile while drunk you will have
to pay the penalty said Judge Pueh
in the Police Court today in imposing
a sentence of s25 fine or in the alterna-
tive sixty days in each of two cases
against Charles Newman. colored, one
charge of operating an automobile
while intoxicated and the other a
charge of colliding.
Newman was operating an automo-
bile at 18th and California streets
northwest. last night, when the ma
chine struck the automobile of DR..
Carl Henning of the Rochambeau
apartments. which was standing in
front of the Ashley apartments. The
force of the collision, according to
testimony of witnesses. drove Dr. Hen
nlng's car across the street into the
electric automobile of w. A Mearns,
which was standing at the curb. Ali
three vehicles were damaged.
Although the defendant said he was
not drunk, he admitted to Judge Pugh
he had taken three drinks. That's too
many drinks to take and then try to
operate an automobile" said the
court.
Evening star., 1915-01-23
WEDS TODAY, fulfilling
REQUEST OF DYING WIFE
Joseph Millard, 80 Years Old, and
Miss Martha E. Streeks. So,
Marry.

Joseph Millard. eighty-nine years old
who was an employe of the post Office
for thirty years and an employe of the
internal revenue office for three years
is to be married today in Baltimore
county, Md, to Miss Martha Z. Streeks
sixty three years old, who took care OF
Mr.. Millard and his late wife for twenty
years when they were residents OF
Washington. The marriage will be at
the dying request of his wife.
Mr. Millard is now living at 4S0s
PimIico road, just outside of Baltimore
where he removed from Washington
five years ago, upon the death of his
wife, the bride of today accompanying
him at that time as housekeeper- ne Is
a native of Massachusetts and former
farmer of Loudoun county Va, before
the civil war.
Mr.. Millard. who has been a repub-
lican all his life but voted for Presi-
dent Wilson, lived in Washington and
elsewhere for SiXty-three years with
the wife whose wishes he is carrying
out today Her name before her mar
riage was Polly Jeanette Connor,
and she was also native of Massa-
chusetts. When Mr.. Millard removed
from Washington to Maryland five
years ago he made application to be-
come a citizen of that state.
Dying Request of Wife.
He said in Baltimore last night that
when his wife was dying. she called
him to her bedside and said:
III you ever marry again 1t is my
wish that you marry Miss Streeks."
Charles T. Streeks, a brother of the
bride Of today. also formerly resi-
dent of Washington. and who is an
employe of the courthouse at Towson.
Nd. the county seat Of Baltimore
county, obtained the license for the
marriage yesterday. After it had been
Issued the clerk of the court said 1t
was record so far as age is con-
cerned.
He could recall OF but one nearly
similar case. That was the issuance
of license to a man who gave his age
as eighty-two.
Mr. Millard once owned a farm of
$50 acres in Loudoun county, Va, for
which he paid $1,000. During the
war he was taken prisoner and re-
moved to Culpeper Court House, where
he remained in Jail two months. Sam
uel ]. Tilton. attorney. obtained his
release finally on writ of habeas
corpus. Mr.. Millard later lost his prop
erty and came to Washington to live,
eventually going to Baltimore county,
Md.
Evening star., 1915-01-23
CANNOT DETAIL COUNSEL
FOR THE EXCISE BOARD
Commissioners Decline to DESIGNATE
Attorney to Attend Investigation
by Senate Committee.

| On the ground that there is no rela-
| ton bewteen the excise board and the
local municipal government. the Dis
| trict Commissioners today declined to
designate a law officer Of the corpora
ton counsers office to represent the
board during the investigation to be
made Of its affairs by a Senate commit
tee, The Commissioners action fol-
lowed receipt Of an opinion from Cor
poration Counsel Conrad H. Syme that
lit is not the duty Of the Commission
ers to assume any responsibility what
ever for the actions of the board. for
whose appointment they were in no.
wise responsible and whose actions
they could neither legally control or
direct
Gen. r. G. Smith, chairman of the ex-
else board. recently sought an opinion
as to whether it is the practice or
would be in order that the board should
be represented In the investigation by
the corporation counsel or any OF his
assistants. Mr.. Syme holds that so
far as precedent is concerned the prac-
tice seems to be the contrary and adj
vises the Commissioners that he
gravely questions the propriety Of
their providing attorneys to defend the
board.
Evening star., 1915-01-23
Pavlowa and Her Russian Ballet.

capacity audience enthusiastically ex-
pressed its appreciation Of the splendid
performance of Mile. Anna Pavlowa and
her Russian ballet at the New National
Theater yesterday afternoon. A new pro-
gram was presented. the chief features Of
which were the ''Walpurgis Night" from
Gounod's Faust" and "F1oras Awaken
ing" The same company presented at
the former appearance here this season
displayed its grace and mastery in the
realms of terpschore as formerly. in
Guiding NJ Alexander Volinine and NJ.
Clustine, with Miles Plaskovietzka, Kuhn
and Svirskaia. The musical accompani-
lnents were those Of the symphony or
chestra which always accompanies Paw
Iowa.
Evening star., 1915-01-23
TEACHERS ASSOCIATION
OFFICERS ARE ELECTED
Report of Beneficiary Organization
Shows Assests of $lO9, ,O75.3S.
Annuities and Aid.

officers of the Teachers Annuity and
Aid Association were elected at meet
ing at the Franklin School today. as
follows: President, DIR. K. G- kirnbaA.
first vice president. DR.. Rebecca stone
road; second vice president, Miss Nora
Hoegelsberger; recording secretary
Miss Flora l.. Hendley: financial secre
tary. Miss Anne Beers; treasurer. Alex
ander T. stuart: board OF directors, rep
resenting, special division. Miss AIMS
NJ. Cooling; second division. Miss ar
L. Garrison; fourth division, Miss NJ.
tella King; fifth division. Miss Adeiaiae
Davis; sixth division. Miss Mary T.
Bannon; representative at large Mis>
Rebecca Stanley.
The financial report of the organic
ton showed it to have assets amount
ing to SlO9, ,075.3S. including permanent
funds and open accounts IN oank. Va
this amount 100000 is In hrst mort
cages. In charge OF this part OF the
associations affairs are Mr. Stuart ann
DR.. E. G. Kimball, who Is chairman
of the finance committee.
The report further showed that so
far the total amounts paid out to dis
abled members and to the estates Z"
deceased members total $l06. .667. 81. Al
present the association 10 paying ar
nuities to twenty-five members. Last
year $s,630.93 was paid in annuitie,
and S552.56 in death benefits.
Evening star., 1915-01-23
TO SUBMIT MOTION MONDAY.
Attorneys for Frank and State of
Georgia Plan for Hearing.

Oral argument before the Supreme
Court of the United States on the ap-
peal of Leo NJ. Frank from a decision
adverse to him in habeas corpus pro-
ceedings before the federal district
court for northern Georgia, probably
will be set down for February %, after
cases already assigned for that date
Attorneys for both Frank and the
state of Georgia are preparing to sub
init motion Monday for the case to be
advanced for hearing on that date.
Should this be granted, decision there
in may be announced within few
weeks thereafter
Evening star., 1915-01-23
FLORAL OFFERING TO sDDoNs
Students and Faculty of Law Schoo
Make the Presentation.

At the close of the class exercises last
evening of the National University Law
School the students of the school and
several members of the faculty surprised
Judge Frederick L. Siddons by pre-
senting him with a beautiful floral
Offering.
The committee representing the stu
dent body was composed of William I.
Rice, William ]. Conlin and William
Amoroso.
The chairman. William ]. Cooper, made
the presentation speech, in which he
expressed the great interest the
students of the university took in his
appointment to the judgeship.
Judge Siddons thanked the students
and said he appreciated the many kind
nesses which had been shown him from
his many friends in the school and out
side
Judge Siddons is professor of nego-
table instruments. evidence and con-
stitutional law.
He has been a member of the faculty
of this institute for sixteen years.
Evening star., 1915-01-23
DETENTION OF CARGO
TO GERMANY EXPECTED
Administration Officials Awaiting
With Apprehension News Of the
Steamship Wilhelmina.

Administration officials and promi-
nent German-American citizens are
watching with apprehension today for
news of the American-owned steamer
Wilhelmina, which has sailed from New
York with wo-hundred- thousand
dollar cargo of foodstuffs. consigned
through an American commission firm
to an American citizen in Germany.
Officials feel that the British govern
ment will not fail to seize the cargo.
though the ship itself may he held free.
thus practically reversing the facts in
the case Of the Hamburg-American
liner Dacia and her cargo of cotton.
1t Is understood that the British gov
ernment has not been consulted con-
cerning the voyage of the Wilhelmina.
The State Department has advised the
charter parties of their legal rlght TO
take such cargo to Germany. PROVIDED
the food is not for the use of the Ger
man government or army.
Position Of British Government.
The British note Of January 10 admits
that foodstuffs should not be detained
and put into a prize court without pre-
sumption that they are intended for the
armed forces of the enemy or the
enemy's government. But while ex-
pressing an intention to adhere to that
rule, the British government added: wv e
cannot give an unlimited and unccl-
ditional undertaking, in view of the de-
parture by those against whom we are
fighting from hitherto accepted rules
of civilization and humanity. and the
uncertainty as to the extent to which
such rules may be violated by them in
future"
This was accepted as reservation of
the right of the British government to
examine into each shipment on its
merits, which. of course. would involve
the detention of the ship at some Brit
ish port while the investigation was
going on.
Evening star., 1915-01-23
RECORD CROP INDICATED.
Federal Cotton Figures Forecast Gin.
ninps Exceeding Previous Years.

A record cotton crop for the 1s14-15
season was indicated in the census
bureaus report today, showing 14.907.-
s42 running bales had been ginned prior
to January 16. Ginnings from January
l to IS amounted to 460.14s bales, and
exceeded those Of that period In any
previous year. They also took the total
ginnings beyond any previous year. ex-
ceeding the record production year Of
1911 by almost 100000 bales.
Until the census bureaus final ginning
report is issued March 90 the exact size
of the 1914 cotton crop will not be known,
but 1t is believed 1t will be larger than
the 1911 record crop, which was 1855. .073
running bales. 1t depends upon the guam
tity ginned from January Is to the end
Of the season. which in 1911 amounted
to l,037,274 bales. and for the past five
ears has averaged 4S5,596 bales. Should
as much be ginned as in 1911. this years
crop would be close to 100000 bales.
Evening star., 1915-01-23
OF THE AIR BUSY
ATTACKING FROM BOTH SIDES
Bruees Bombarded by British and Dunkirk
by Germans, While England Gets
Another Scare

ments by eppelin airships are con-
trary to international law.
1t is stated that the recent raid was
directed against Great Yarmouth.
which. according to II , official British
lists. belongs to the coast defense and
is permanently occupied by military
and therefore is liable to mbardment.
The other places where bombs were
dropped, as the airships were going
and returning, themselves were to
blame because shots were fired from
them against the airships, making
them ipso facto defended places
Preliminary announcement of bonn
oardment, continues the article, is I'M
practica Bile. owing to the nature of air
warfare, and Is not in accordance with
for example. when the British air
forces dropped bombs on unfortified
Freiberg. December 8, and on the un-
defended Island of Langeoog. Decem-
Der %. although no attack had been
made by those places.
Air Warfare Stands Alone.
The North German Gazette asserts
that air warfare stands entirely out
side the international code. the earlier
prohibition against dropping explo-
| sives having expired and a new proviso
not having been ratified by Germany.
France or Russia. The general princi-
Piles of warfare and the agreements
made at The Hague justify lombard
ment of all defended places, a bonn
bardment of military appliances in un-
defended places and counter attack
to every attack.
Answering similar criticisms of the
earlier naval raid by German warships
on Scarborough. Admiral Won Tirpitz
| German minister of the navy, said to
| an Associated Press correspondent:
heS U a he
fact that We lost men and that our ships
| were damaged by shots from the shore
| This proves conclusively that the places
were defended"