davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus., 1915-03-26

on Nov. %. iS11. a car made the
first TRIP over the Portage railroad.
has vas the most remarkable engi
nferinE undertaking. OF the ;Ime. The
railroad vas - miles lolg. extending
across the Allegheny mountains from
Rock Island Argus., 1915-03-26

Five candidates were given the third
degree last evening az meeting OF
Tea. iodEy so COS M Odd Fellows
hall Next Thursday evening a public
iustaiiatiou 90 oHcers viii be held
Wlth Charles Forsterg. district deputy
grand master. in charge.
Rock Island Argus., 1915-03-26

address. ana refreshments were ssrv-
cd Carl q. Taylor also made talk.
welcoming tae visitors. among whom
was one who held membership in Scot
land.
Rock Island Argus., 1915-03-26
Stop Coughs, Group,
Whooping Cough and Colds

promptly with Schinmann's Concen-
trated Ezpectorant- . ounces make q
pint Guaranteed to be the best rem
edy ever used or money refunded y
ali ruEsists.-( (Adv.l
Rock Island Argus., 1915-03-26

C.ss~rsf q o. lfarrfes os tgashirz
con s~cls-Fs essassff ie fssor ss con
pg.sory sstrtsry service frr zr sale
tu-rteass sss ssaa4isE srzy. ~
aoa sssSaS
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1915-08-07
(cOntinued from PRECEDING page.l
The Invasion
of America
By JULIUS W. MULLER

A Narrative Fact Stogy Based Az
thoritn4ively On the Inessosahfe
Mathematics Ca Wae-Whak Can
Be Bone TO Oppose 90 Invading
Aruy With Our Actual Present Re.
Sources In Regulars, Trained MIL
TIA. UNFRAMED Citizcns. COAst De-
lenses, Field Artillery. and Al
Other Weapons Of Defense.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16
Foreign Relations Moro DiricnIt

n lFFlCULTlES in the foreign relations Of
II this country, which have been acute
of course since the European war began re-
curing the most delicate and careful hand
ling. are intensified by the situation created
by German regulations 70: the control Of food
supplies.
The United States had insisted on its right
to regard food as noncontraband, so long as
it was consigned to individual and de-
signed for the consumption of the civil popu-
lation of a bclligcrent country AS there
were. in fact. few steamships flying the Amer
lean flag and engaged in ocean commerce. and
none plying regularly between American and
German or Austrian ports, the question had
been to Il large extent academic. Our posi-
tl0n, however, was illustrated in permission
gi'en for the sailing Of the Wihelmina which
carried cargo of grain consigned TO Ger
many.
While the Wilhelmna was yet on the high
seas the German regulations went into effect
under the terms Of whic; all food supplies
were taken over by the government. Great
Britain retaliated by declaring food contra
b2nd OF war. Germany. through It's ambassa-
dor at Washington, offered to give assur-
ances that the cargo of the Wilhemina would
not be coniscated and that future imports
from the United States would be suffered to
reach their civilian destination without gov
eminent interference. The Wilhelmina
steamed into British court and her cargo is
either to be submitted to prize court or sold
TO the Belgian relief board
All of this makes n particularly hard nut
Tor President Wilson to crack. Great Britain
insists. of course. that the concessions offered
by Germany are meaningless Importations
from America might he reserved for civilians
Dut similar amounts from the government
stores would then he released for exclusive
military use. Whatever the President de-
cides TO do will he displeaslng TO one or the
other of the parties TO the conflict, and per
haps to both.
The latest note from Germany presented to
the State Department avows frankly that the
declaration OF 4 war zone around tho British
isles Is Il measure of retaliation, designed to
answer british efforts to starve out the Ger
man civil population. Germany Processes
Willingness TO modify the decree if Britain
VIII consent TO raise its embargo on German
importations of food.
Under the circumstances there is hut one
thing for the United States to do. which is
10 remain absolutely neutral, but absolutely
lhsistcnt on its neutral rights. These rights
were not created by either Germany or Eng
hnd. do not exist their suffcrancc and
are not torminahlc by their necessities or tho
cXigencies of their military programs
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16
EARLY HISTORY Of OPIUM

The medicinal properties of pony
Juice date from remote period RE
calling the highly developed culture of
the ancient Egyptians, one is inclined
10 imagine that the narcotic properties
OF opium we're known to them: hut the
Investigations of Gnger us5D have
fhii"d 10 trace any acquaintance with
opium In ancient Egypt. and Dr. EN-
Der, of the Semitic department OF Johns
Hopkins University. knows Of no refer
cnce 10 II in Egyptian literature
According to some Hebrew scholars.
there is u reference to poppy Juice in
the Bible In several passages in the
old Testament the word rosh is men
TONED. Professor Haupt is convinced
that rosh means the poppy, and so also
is Professor fost. In the Talnud VIC
have one reference to opium, under the
name opinion. but that word was clear
Is borrowed from Greek. In the clas-
steal iindoo literature there is found
no reference to ii. From the time of
the Mogul conquest on there appears
word khash -khash which means pop
by seed. and khash- kha shar asa, juice of
the poppy. In this 10 is easy to recog-
nize our modern word hashish: and so
II seems that at that carly date the
narcotics opium and cannabs indica
were confused with each other The
original home OF the poppy was in Asia
Minor. From there II was carried to
Greece at u later period.
IT is not at all certain whether Hip
pocratcs was acquainted with the juice
of tho poppy. According 10 WoottOn,
he refers 10 a substance called mecon
to which he attributes Il purEative as
well Rs narcotic action. Some think
that 1t vas opium; others believe that
he was referring to another plant. in
any case. he made but very little use OF
the drug. The first authentic reference
to the milky juice Of tho poppy we find
by ThcophrRstus at the beginning Of
the third century l.. c., when he speaks
of II as meconion. Scribonius I.argus,
In his "Compositiones Mcdicamcnto-
rum" about the year 40 or tho present
era describes the method of procur-
ing opium from the capsules OF the
poppy, and about the year II OF tho
same century Dioscoridcs makes dis
tinctiOn between the juice Of tho cap
Sules and the extract OF the whole
plant lie describes the method OF in
cising tho capsules, and refers to adult
tcrations Of the drug with the milky
juices OF other plants, so that 1t is evil
dent that The collection of opium was
quite an Industry in Asia Minor at that
time. I'liny devotcs some spnce to Il
description Of opium and its mcdicna |
use. and the drug IL mentioned repeat L
eddy by CELSIUS in tho first century ana
by numerous other Latin writer's Galcn
spoke enthusiastically OF the virtues OF
opium cOnfections, and the drug was
soon so popular In Rome that 1t fell
into tho hands OF shopkccpcrs and itin-
Grant quacks.
The Introduction Of the drug to tho
natives of tho East was through the
Arabs. aud In the first instance TO Per-
sia. Its introduction into India seems
10 have boon connected with the spread
of MohRmmcdanism.
Tho Arabic physicians used opium
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16
War News Fifty Years Ago
tTrom the Richmond Dispatch. Feb. &c. 1869

There came report yesterday that the Fed
erals At Petersburg were concentrating FOR u
quickly got ready for 1t, but there gen
cral movement. and the report proved to be
untrue.
There was no further news yesterday of the
cnemys reported movement from Newbern. y. G.
Near Sugarloaf. y. c.. which is in the neigh
borhood OF Wilmington. there was considerable
sktrmishing on Saturday last Later three at
lacks were made In force the Con federatc
lines, which were rcpulsed with heavy loss TO
the enemy
Day before yesterday Of the Federal
monitors stationed near Wilmington moved up
to Fort Anderson and shcllcd the fort for several
hours. one man was killed and one wounded.
sherman. while his main army was operating
near Rranehvillc, sent kilpatrck's cavalry TO
patrick at Aiken and defeated him. driving him
back five miles in the direction Of Branchyillc
me objects ~ the raid-thc destruction OF
bridges on the Columbia and Augusta railroad.
Major-Gencral Andrew r. vcnable. OF General
liamptuns STAFF, who captured In October
last near Petersburg has escaped from prson
and arrived safely in the Confederacy. lie
jumped from moving train near Philadelphia.
eral months within III. Federal lines found
opportunity to make good his escape TO Virginia.
During the attack of the F"derals on Fort
Hokes lines. However. their aim was bad. and
but little damage WAS done. although they vast
ed 4 great deal OF powder and lead.
The Confederate Senate has passed the bin
abolishns the conscrpt bureau, and turning
the whole business over to the commanders OF
the forces OF the several States
Mrs. Virginia Boisseaux was arrested yestcr-
day, charged with running persons through the
Federal lines. She was committed TO Castle
Thunder.
In Mobile -four is selling for from $3.50 to
$500 per barrel: sugar. IS to $40 per pound corn,
So to 81 per bushel; lard. 50 to i3.Ij per pound:
butter. IS to - per pound: fresh beef. 81
$50 per pound; pork. $3.50 to sl.75 per pound.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16

very extensively. and even wrote spe-
cial treaties on some Of its prcpara-
tons The earliest mention OF opiuIn
az product of india is by the trav-
cler Barbosa in 1911. a Portuguese
historian. Pyrcs. in letter to Manuel,
King OF Portugal, in 1915, speaks OF
the opium OF Egypt and Bengal.
Opium Is supposed TO have been
brought TO China first by the Arabs.
who are known to have traded with
the southern parts Of the enpire as
early hs tho ninth century Later
says the journal of the American Mcdi-
can Association. the Chinese began to
import the drug In their Junks from
india. 1t was not before tho second
nan OF the eighteenth century that the
importation of opium began to increase
rapidly through the hands Of the Por-
tuguese. and little later through the
famous East India Company. In i77O
tho English established an opiuIn de-
pot In l-ark's Bay. south of Macao. and
the traffic rapidly increased, so that
very soon the Chinese authorities be-
gan to complain. and I'm 1890 an edict
was issued forbidding any vessel hav-
ing opium on board to enter the Can
ton River. a system Of contraband
followed. then political friction be-
tween England ana China, and the So
called opium war. which eliminated in
tho treaty Of Marking GS42) by which
five ports OF China. were opcnea To
foreign trade and in 1858 oDIun was
admitted ms legal article OF com
merce. BY that time the vice OF opium.
smoking had spread like n plague over
tho gigantic empire. and became so
deeply rooted that, in spite of Innu
mcrablc ehlcts and DEGREES. All efforts IN
chcck liz growth have been powcrless.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16
The Death of Crceln,an

T ROM the date Of the Spanish American
/ War back decade so, the era
of the newspaper interview. In those days
The interview, instead OF being random cX
preston or an incomplete report OF mans
opinion. was work OF art. On important
questions the very best reporters were sent
to interview the biggest men, and then-wcll,
then the interview gave way to other forms
OF journalism Perhaps not ten real inter
views have been published in many years.
until Won Wicgand revived the interviews
Importance in his dispatches from the Euro
pcan war field.
The other day there died in Berlin James
Crcclman. in his day the master interviewer
Of American Journalists. Chiefly with James
Gordon Benefits papers, then with Hearst.
he made interviewing II classic business He
interviewed such men as Tostoi Kossuth
Pope Leo MIL. President Faurc, Diaz King
George OF Greece. Henry NJ Stanley. Bis
marck. His chats with rulers and men
who swayed things. We do not recall that
any of his interviews was ever repudiated.
In recent years we have not had 50 much
personal journalism. Writing. save in scat
tered instances, has been an anonymous bust
ness. in which perhaps many Il Crcciman has
been submerged There are few editors or
writer's to-day who appeal by the power of
their pcrsouG fity. !, And. reviewing the work
o! treeinlan. >thr average newspaper man will
contemplate the fact with regret.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16

of radium and Investigation OF pro
cesscs The work has been so cncour-
aging that Director Holmes has an
nounccd IN. probable production OF ra-
diuin at ono-th!rd its present cot
Mcssrs. Lind and Whittemore of In.
bureau OF Mines. state that their In
N"Stlgations show tina, carnotite car
r!"s proportionally TO its contcn, of
uranium az much radium AZ pitch.
piende or other uranium minerals
thai ~. the radium has reached IL.
maximum ratio To the uranium from
which II Is derived and Is thus in
equilibrium. From published results
"i experiments made on casual spcci-
mems Of carnotitc II had been popu.
iarly supposed that carnotite was les.
rich IMAM pitchblenGe in rndium.
In Utah the Standard Chemical Co
made the first commercial production
OF carnottc ores from the Henry
Mountains during the year. and the
commercial production OF uvRnitc a
Tad!uin- bearing mineral new 10 science
accompanied by other uranium min
erals. one or more OF which are vct 10
ID" described. was begun a, TemDle
Rock. forty-hve miles southwest OF
Green River. Shipments were made
from newly opened carno,its depo.it.
az Court House. northwest Of Moab
Utah and from deposits sixicen or
c.*htccn miles southeast or Moab a
ilrst shipment was also made from Iiiuc
Mountain, Rouu County, col
The Paradox Valley region yynE hnN
ever as usual the chief producing area.
ana from IL came tho bulk Of the urcx
tn" standard Chemical Co WAS tn.
largest single producer and shipp.,,
more than half OF the coun,ry's outpu,
TWO companies. the Standard Chem.
cal Co anu the ltadium Co. Of Ameri-
-" produced radium salts during tho
year. hud Dr. " y SchiesinEersta starch
rhdum refining lnbDratory Tho
opening OF the European war stopped
nenrly nil operations In both mines ana
reduction plants, for the two COMPANIES
& mentioned sold their product largely iu
Europe and practically all the ore
, bought by brokers was sold abroad !,
little more than 200 tons Of ore. con
! iaiHinE Isl tons OF uranium oxide ana
az grams Of radium. was consigned 10
Europe. but rs the foreign refnnric,
! were closed. part Of 1t was held in
iranst.
NO vanadin!tc or similar ores arc
! known TO have been sold for vanadiu,n
during the year. but number Of mines
ia New Mexico ana Arizona shipped
and sold such ores for their lead and
silver contents.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16
Just What Is Contrabando

N URiNG the Civil War negro slaves who
- mad fallen into the hands OF the Fed
erals were known as contraband of war A.
the time this use seemed somewhat humor-
Gus application Of the term contraband. bu,
the present war has witnessed its extension
until IL includes nearly everything in the air
above and the water beneath
That many articles not hitherto considered
contraband would be added TO the list was
a forcsonc conclusion, because war is q hivh
~ complicated business nowadays, and en-
poys every Imaginable Kind OF material
But INC extension of coptraDand has been so
rapid and inclusive that we seem back again
In the days OF the Eapoleonic wars. when
the contestants practically orbade oil neutral
trade with enemy ports The gains OF inter-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16
RADIUM,- URANIUM AND VANADIIjM

me year 1914 was an cvcntful one in
the Industry of mining radium. ura-
MUM. and vanadium ores and had by
far the larscs, years production yet
made Figures collected by Frank /.
Hess. of the United states Geological
Survey. Indicate that the output
amounted 10 about $500 short tons o.:
dry, ore carrying cighty-sevcn tons Of
uranium oxide and go grams OF metal
Tic radiun. Tn. was valued at
about $4,000. The ore produced in
1918 contained forty-one tons OF
uranium oxide and 1913 grams OF ra-
dunn. and that produced in 1912 con
tanned twcnty-s!N tons or uranium
oxide and 81 grams of radium Abnu,
ninc-tenihs Of the contained radium Is
'houSht 10 b" recoverable under i'm
proved processes
Although carno,itc. a mineral OF
these rare metals. contains three times
a, much uranium oxide as vanadiuin
oxide. tn" Colorado and Titan ores Of
these metals generally contain other
vanadium minerals In such quantity
that vanadium oxide is present in .X-
cess or the uranium oxide. However
ht'!e * paid for tn. vanadiun,, as i,s
separation from uranium is trouble
some. and only few thousand dulla-s
was received In 1919 by brokers or pro-
duccrs for the vanadium in the ORES
sold. Sandstone impregnatcd with
f"scocIitc, a vauadiuin- bearing mica s..
mined at Naradium. san Miguel
county. Col, on the eastern edge OF the
cHrnotito held. by In. Prlmos Chemical
Company, The total quantity Of va
nadium In the cnrnotitc and other ores
mined during tho year was appar-
emily about 49, tons
About the beginning OF 1914. owing
10 The very high prices charged for ra-
dinm salts their scarcity, their CYL
dent usefulness I'm treating cancer and
other hitherto inCurnblc diseases. the
practical tinpossibil!ty or the poor re-
cclfinE treatment by radium because Of
us scarcity and high cost AMI TO tn.
Tact that much OF the radlui,l bearing
ore was being shipped out Of the coun-
try. Secretary of the Interior Lane
caused 10 be introduced in Congress
bilis r"ssrrinr rndium hearing lands
from entry NJ mining claims. and PRO
NidinE Tor government purchase. The
bills are still pending
during the year the National Ra1jun
institute conducted. under the s,tper-
VISION Of the bureau of Mines mining
operations at Long Park, near Paradox
valley. In Montrosc County. Col, and
plant al Denver for the production
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16
Americas Minerals

Tho mineral products of the United
states. arc discussed in small volume
now being distributed by the United
States Geological Survey, which con
tains fund of useful information con-
corning the useful minerals and their
values and production in all the States
during 1912 and 1919 Tho figures
given In some OF the tables are so
stupcndous as to DO beyond comprc-
hcnsion.
In ono table arc given the figures
for mineral production from 1850 to
1913. the metals being valued at $780,
100000 In 1880 and increasing to $3.50
100000 In 1913. The nonmetallic min
erals Increased from sl73,O00. 600 in
1880 to si,562, 000.0 600 In 1918. and the
total mineral production from $685.. 6O0.-
600 TO S2.4i6,000.000. THIS total FOR
1913 was an increase over 1912 Of moro
than s200,0000o0. Tho value OF tho
metals imported for consumption I'm
1913 was s237,000.0O0 and of those ox.
ported s3l9,O0o.O00 The value OF tHas
total mineral production from 1850 tN
1913, inclusive, was $35.197, 1000, 600.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16

national law in the last century are on tho

national law in the last century are on the
point Of disappearing.
The warrng nations naturally prohibited
the expectation of all articles useful in war.
AT the outbreak of the struggle England
issued Il list of goods, among which were
arms. ammunition. horses, military machines,
chemicals. metals. fibres and spirits. In No
vcmbcr many other articles were added.
The other allies followed England in declar-
ing prohibited exports. Neutral nations also
shut down on certain exports. Thus Italy
prohibited the shipping out of cereals, coffee,
sugar. meat, clothing, motors, vehicles. coal,
flour and oils; Portugal of live stock fuel
and food; Sweden, of wooden yarn runper, tin
land lead: Denmark, of malt, iron and gun
powder Materials Holland, Of many things.
Germany also prohibited many exports and
declared certain articles contra band, but as
her action is confined to the Baltic. neutral
trade was not much affected. England at
first followed the Declaration OF London in
regard to cOntraband goods. which included
arms and the materials Of prime in war.
But the list was soon enlarged from twenty
headings to forty-two. and motors, oils, min
erals and other articles were forbidden. Cot
ton. however, which was In the suspect class
was released, and the situation cleared up a
little-ony to be heavily clouded again by
the inclusion of food as absolute contraband.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16
rolullnrizing the Senate

THE great mass OF the people OF this coun-
l try will approve change in the Senate
rules that will shut of unlimited debate and
destroy the system under which any measure
even the best and most wholesome-can
he talked to death.
The adoption of the constitutional amend
mcut by which Senators were made elective
ny the people rather than by the Legislatures
Of the States, was one step il. the populariZ-
ing of the upper house Of Congress The
adoption OF a decent cloture rule will be an
other.
Debate should not he unduly restricted.
The limited membership Of the Senate permits
treatment different from the rigorous regu-
latiOn made imperative by the more numerous
personnel Of the House OF Representatives.
But there should I've limit to debate, and
the ma jorty should rule. at is good
Democracy and good sense as we'll.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-16

or not. as one views it. hut 1t Is change. and.
~ 20 most or US. who have grown little weary
OF following muddy gutter trails that lead only
" maiodorous refuse heaps. ii is n welcome
Shahgc. The abnormal has had it's day. and n
ionE DAY 1T has been. Fiction has been dealing
win II almost exclusively, engaging itself
tcnsivelY In the futile task of trying reconcile
the rule and the exception by perversey demand
ing that the former adjust itself to the latter.
The rule, OF course, still prevails. Giving us II
sieht OF the world turned upside down did not
chanEe II. SO our novclists. tired at last OF
DeatihR their fists to no purpose--and with
little reason--agalnst the solid rock. going
back to plcasanter exercise Their FRENZY for u
season at least. is apparently ended, and instead
or trying to reform us by blasting the wicked
ness out of us they propose to do
than entertain us. And for that shall be
grateful Getting back-or forward--to romance
again means cleaner. more hopeful, less
gloomy, less depressing fiction. 1t may he less
'intcllectuaI' fiction. and less seriously pur-
poscful, but-who cares? In the form Of novels
and dramas we have had in the last year two
about AZ much probing and disscctinS and
hypochondriacal symptomiHng
stand at one time. Life In our fiction. I'm both
book and play, as some one facetiously observes
has been nero ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS News