The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-16

may Be said that the country Is maxi
ing fair progress In the textile in
dustry. There are also cottonseed oil
mills with an annual output Of $780,.
600 to 1000. 900 gallons. l.
A cottage industry 10 the making
or b straw hats known as pam
anna hats. The seat of thh form Of
manufacturing Is in the department
OF Piura In the north.
The future Of manufacturing Indus
tries In Peru In largely dependent on
the degree to which the water power
Of the Andes shall he utilized. Hy-
dro-electric power offers encourage
ment.s 1t is employed in some OF the
cotton mills and In now the chief
reliance OF the great srneiters. The
Rimac River IL the source OF electric
power for the traction system Of the
city OF Lima and for several fac.
tories and mills.
Ieru's 1.boe miles Of coast line may
be considarcf an extension OF the
Panama Canal line. Tho Government
has a general policy Of baibor i'm
provements, and in some places ex-
penditure has been made to better tho
meagre natural facilities. The most
important project is for the harbor of
CalAO. which It Is proposed to extend
and enlarge by means Of a breakwater
ACROSS to the Island Of San Lorenzo.
Csllas the Central Port.
Callao. $500 miles from Panama, is
the central port. II is q distribution
centre by means Of transshipment for
a large proportion H the imported
merchandise. II Is also the shipment
point for the bulk Of the copper and
other minerals.
Paita IL the most important port of
the north. II has q fine bay which
was once the rendezvous. Of a great
whaling feet. Paitn lie the shipping
point for the Ane cotton and tho straw
hats Of the Piura district.
The Peruvian Government, before
the Panama Canal WAS opened. took
definite steps 10 provide adequate ship
ping facilities. It subsidized a line OF
fast 1000 tor steamers, of the most
modern type. which were built In
Great Britain for the service between
Callao and Panama. with the purpose
of ultimately extending II to the ports
Of the United States. The company
got into financial difficulties and the
Government took over the operation Of
the line. Extension " this service
through the canal to the ports Of thu
United States is still the purpose OF
the Government.
The largest city is Lima, the capital
which has 14O, 900 Inhabitants. Since
Callao, the seaport. with a population
Of 5000, IL only eight miles distant
the capital might be said to have l16,.
900 Inhabitants.
Lima is one Of the most attractive
cities in South America. It's history
II replete with the romance Of the
Spanish conquest and h time OF
Pixarro. whose remains are kept IN the
cathedral.
Lima IL the commercial and the
financial centre Of the country. 1t IL
also the seat Ct various manufactures
including breweries and textile mills
Its Chamber Of Commerce Ii q very
important body.
woPia's Wonder Railway.
The railway system. as may be e e
from the topography Of the country
is governed by the long coast line
and the mountain ranges. The
wonder railway Of the world IL the
Central, or Oroys. which was built by
Henry Melggs. an American, for the
Peruvian Government. 1t runs from
Callao and Lima through the ores,
Of the Andes. which is crossed IN thu
Galera Tunnel at a height Of 1856
feet to Oroya.
This railway, by means Of loops
sritchbac ks and tunnels, mount,
steadily for eighty. EIGHT miles withou'
a single downgrade. From Oroya tn
line extends southwark through rh'
valley to Huanuco. whence in time
It viii be- extended to Join the pro
loneation Of the Southern Railwa,
from CuzcO and form q through linl
In the pan-Anerican trunk line sys
TEN.
The length Of the Peruvian rail-
ways at the present time Is 1856
miles. The longest single system Il
that of the Southern, which amounts
to ST. miles. The length Of th'
Central Railway. with branches. II
ESQ miles. These lines are Of STANDARD
gauge.
With the exception Of q few small
lines the Peruvian railways ar
operated by the company known AT
the Peruvian Corporation under T.;
long lease. The Peruvian Corporation
ten years after tho disastrous war o.
Peru with Chile provided tho means fol
cancelling the national debt in return
for the control OF the Government
railway and various other concessions
including rights Of navigation on LAX,
Titicaca, and a monopoly Of thu
guano export trade. In 1907 a new
agreement was made which is under
stood TO be working more satisfac'
tortiy than the original one.
Gold standard Prevails.
Tho fiscal system Of Peru Is base<
on both export and import duties. will
considerable dependence on interna
revenue imposts also. The expor
duty In placed on rubber and a few
other products.
The monetary system is based oil
the gold standard. No paper cur
ILLINOIS