davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-06-20

HNHE Lithuanians. sometimes spelled
the Lietuviai, and the Let's, the
q Lotions. or the Letv!ai, figure
somewhat prominently in the news and
accounts from the vast theater of wal
in eastern Europe. Readers of litera-
ture incidental to the war catch a
glimpse now and then of pan-Lithu.
anian sentiment or aspiration. This
Lithuanian information bureau at Paris
is sending to readers around the world
brochures written by ]. Gabrys on the
subject of the Lithuanian nation and
on Lithuania and the autonomy of
Poland.
together with their brothers. the
Lotions and the Prussians. formerly
inhabited the entire Baltic coast be-
tween the Vistula and the Duna riv-
ers, and that they gave the name to the
Baltic sea, the word Baltus being
Lithuanian for white" They ad-
vanced very far into the interior, and
this fact. IL is said. is proved by the
large number of Lithuanian names ap-
piled to the geography of eastern Eu-
rope.
Lithuania writer's say that In the
course of the thirteenth century only the
Lithuanians remained independent, the
Prussians having been, after making
bloody resistance. subdued by the
Teutonic knights. and the survivors,
having been assimilated by their con-
querors. lost every vestige Of their ma
tIonality.
The Lithuanian race was then more
numerous than now. At the end Of
the fourteenth century there were
more than FIVE millions Of them who
were baptized. At present there are
about three million Lithuanians under
the four governmental districts of
ccto
and Suwalki-and in few districts
in East Prussia. There are about one
million Lithuanians in the United
States OF the Let's or Lotions, who
ethnoogiCally belong 10 the Lithua-
nian race, there are about two millions
who live in Couriand and Livonia in
Russia The facts herein given are to
be found in "A Sketch Of the Lithua-
nian Nation" by J. Gabrys, issued by
the Lithuanian information bureau
Soon after the beginning of the pres
ent war Grand Duke Nicholas of Rus
sia proclaimed that the Russian armies
would obliterate the boundaries of
Russia, Austrian and Prussian Poland.
Poland. Gallcia and Slesa and unite
the whole race in a single state. with a
wide measure of autonomy. The mil
lions of Lithuanians and the Lettish
people do not understand what Poland
or which Poland is promised auton-
omy. whether the proclamation refers
to the historic Poland as represented
by the Lithuano Polish state. the
boundaries of which stretched from
the Baltic TO the Black sea, or merely
to racial Poland or the country in
which the majority OF the population
is of pure Polish stock.
Poland was a dual state, Lithuano-
Polish. at the time of the first parti-
tion Of Poland in 1872. Lithuanian
troops once devastated Poland, but in
the fourteenth century Aldona. the
daughter Of Gediminas, Grand Duke Of
Lithuania. became the wife OF Casimis.
son of the King of Poland, and half a
Of Lithuania married with Edwige, the
Evening star., 1915-06-20
AN UNFORTUNATE GERMAN
PRINCE LIVES I'm ENGI AMID

~HE remarkable outbreak Of anti.
Germanism shown in England
q following upon the sinking of the
Lusitania and the unscrupulous agita-
ton of several of the more powerful
newspapers, bid fair to affect even the
very highest in the land. Many fnflu-
entail men and women are demanding
that action should be taken against
the many high-placed naturalized En-
glishmen of German birth who occupy
positions Of Importance throughout the
country, and it is not easily seen how
the government. in the face OF the
present public temper. can resist the
pressure. The resignation OF his
baronetcy and his public positions by
Sir Edgar Speyer is only the first OF
many such actions on the part of men
who are under fire.
Public opinion has given ample evil
dence within the past few days that 1t
will not spare even the king and ms
family. The threat of Horatio Bot
tomley, one of the worst of English
demagogues. that if the kind did not
remove the banners Of the German
members of the Order of the Garter
from St. Georges Chapel, Windsor. ne
would march on the building and tear
thusiasm by a public meeting IN the
north, and not a voice was raised
against this insult to his majesty
But while the king and his imme-
diate family may be safe in that thou
sands Of Englishmen would rise up to
protect them, the relatives of the king
and queen in England. many of whom
have never shed their Germanism nor
their Teutonic sympathies, are not SO
fortunate Indeed, 1t becomes more
and more evident that public feeling
Is rising against the most prominent
of these, Prince Christian of Schleswig-
Holstein, an uncle by marriage of the
king.
Prince Christian. when he came to
England in 1853, was gawky, shy,
awkward young man of about twenty
two. A tutor was appointed to teach
to this day his English is still as
broken and gutteral as 1t was hfty
years ago. He learned to do all the
things that the English aristocracy
are supposed to do better than any
other people in the world. The prince
came a fairly good rider and passable
shot, he never cared even for the pest
Of such sport that England affords. He
much preferred hunting in his native
country. and always spoke OF Enensn
sport with contempt The prince, IN
ly German.
In 1866 he married Queen Victoria's
daughter. The Princess Christian was.
Of course, brought up entirely In ac-
cordance with English ideas. but she
failed altogether df she ever seriously
tried, which is doubtfuD to make an
Englishman of her husband. which was
one of the things she was supposed to
try to do when the marriage was ar
ranged.
Evening star., 1915-06-20

one superdreadnaught Of the type
which the European submarines so sue
cessfully have bottled up costs fifteen
millions? The cost of five superdread-
naughts would build $50 submarines.
In the present war the sole achieve
ment of the surface naval vessels of
the elaborate and expensive types has
been to drive the Turks away from the
shore line in the Dardanelles. and up
to the day of this conversation such
work has cost the allies six such craft.
The big surface vessels are more i'm
posing in appearance than the little
submarines but they are inefficient in
these days.
The writer asked how many of the
submarines which he suggested would
be harbor defense craft. and he prompt
ly answered that they all would be.
because of the engine limitations to
which he already had referred.
The largest internal combustion en-
gines for a submarine of which I have
heard were built in italy," he contin-
ued. They were 1900 horsepower,
1900 horsepower in twin-screw boat,
and they gave the craft about eighteen
Evening star., 1915-06-20

meeting never will take place. And
the reason it never will come is that
the little submarine makes it irpos-
Sible. 1t is that which gives me com
fort and makes me think the effort of
my life has been devoted to a humane
object.
The power of the submarine is ter
rible. no doubt, as that of an engine of
destruction. but the psychological in
fluence of the submarine toward safety
is greater than its actual destructive
power would warrant
1T is inevitable that the submarine
should arouse fear. should puzzle, even
more than the aerial craft.
Air craft have their touch of myS-
terry, but they are visible.
The submarine is more mysterious,
for it cannot be seen. None knows
when it may appear to strike it's blow,
none can be sure whittier it has gone
after that blow has been struck.
Germany has shown her fear of the
allied submarines by keeping her great
capital ships locked in safe harbors.
England certainly has shown fear of
the German submarines by telling the
commander of her capital ships never
Evening star., 1915-06-20

,.ment ever Invented which really tends
to- stop war.
Holland himself a great inventor
and submarine builder, struck the key
note of fact years ago when he said
that submarines cannot fight sub
marines and that nothing else can fight
because they are invisible. There is
the whole story. And they arc cheap.
THE U-9. in command of Lieut.. We'd
dington. sank three British cruisers
within an hour of one another; using Us. os
of each vessel. Whitehead torpedoes
cost about $500 each, and the latest
battleships cost s15.000.00o each.
I'm the comparison of these two fig
ures and the statement that the subma-
rine which uses the Whiteheads cost
but 100000. lies the secret of naval
warfares future.
Americans have done more than
anybody else in submarine invention
and construction. There is TOO great
a tendency upon the part of the Amer
lean press and people to decry Ameri-
can achievement and give undue credit
to Europeans. The German submarines
Evening star., 1915-06-20

The princess has filled for years a.
conspicuous place in English social life
to make her husband at least tolerated.
if not liked. But since the outbreak Of
war the behavior of the prince has
reused the strongest feelings of resent
ment toward him all over the country.
The prince. to start with Tin order, It
Is said, to preserve the revenues he re-
ceives from Germany from conf1sca-
tion). insisted on his son. Prince Albert,
going to fight on the German side. But
that might have been forgiven. es-
pecially If the prince was content to
LETT it be thought that it was against
his own inclination he had allowed his
son to do so. for the prince is known
to be poor and the entire coniscation
of his German revenues would have
been very serious, not only to him. but
to his family. and. of course, he will
receive nothing during the war. But
Prince Christian has not been concern
ed with what people in England think
Of him, and he let II be plainly seen
and understood that he had no inten-
tion of counting their favors at this
juncture. He expresses his hope and
conviction that his countrymen will
win. Some few admire the honesty
and candor of the bluff, rough. tough
old Teuton. At all events, from him the
country need stand in no fear that he
or treachery. But to the majority of
people in England Prince Christian is
a person who. properly speaking. ought
to be locked up.
Learned and other societies. to the
board or governing body of which the
prince belongs. have asked him to re-
sign. The prince is one of the gov
ernors of Wellington College. a public
school which sends an especially large
number of boys into the army. Several
of the parents recently wrote to the
headmaSter to say that they would
withdraw their boys If the prince was
retained as governor, and as soon as
this was made known to the prince he
resigned.
The prince Is. moreover, without a
club in England. At the few institu-
tions of this kind which he was in the
habit of frequenting he found such a
general desire among the members to
avoid him that he withdrew his name
from them.
But the prince is not much-indeed,
he is proba bly, not at all-affected by
these happenings. He has suffered i'm
menSely in purse by the war but even
that circumstance has not had a very
depressing effect on the old man.
The most conspicuous German royal
who have gained considerably in popu-
larity since the outbreak of war. The
Tecks have always been pronouncedly
pro- English and have long since entire
ly disassociated themselves from their
German connections. Prince Alexander
of Teck could have married had he
chosen. one of the greatest of German
heiresses, but he elected to remain
British and poor. The Teck family
are, of course one of the poorest OF
German royal families. but their pow
erty is not a thing that matters now.
Evening star., 1915-06-20

knots an hour against twenty five
Knots for battle cruises and greater
speed for smaller surface craft
The maximum squadron speed at
present possible to any navy is about
twenty-five knots. and to get this in a
submarine we must find an engine
which will give 5000 horsepower per
shaft
Il think We shall have done at least
that within the next two or three
wears. but / wouldn't take contract
to do it 7 believe the government
should take up such experimentation.
1t was at this point in the interview
that Mr.. Lake made for the first time
for publication his suggestion OF plan
which he believes would render the
United States. at comparatively
small cost. practically immune against
attack. This plan includes the con-
struction of what may be called am
Evening star., 1915-06-20

phibious submarines" at small individ-
ual cost. and in large numbers.
There is no doubt he said. that II
the government should take up this sug-
gestion and develop it energetically we
would very quickly be secure against at
tack on either coast. That would leave
only the Mexican and Canadian borders
as danger lines.
During the war between Russia and
Japan I built submarines in the United
States. transported them from New York
to Germany on shfpboard. shipped them
by barge from Germany to St. Petersburg
and thence transported them the 5000
miles across Siberia on the Trans-Siberian
railway, from st. Petersburg to Vladivo-
stok.
I'VE could build small submarines Of
this character in large numbers. and
could arrange with the railroads to send
a track into the water at each Of their
seaboard termini.
The vessels would be of a smaller
Evening star., 1915-06-20
Submarines Solve the War Problem Of America?

type than any now under construction
and they could be built for about s25o.ooo
apiece.
These would he perfect Instruments for
harbor defense and could he rushed from
harbor to harbor. as needed, at as high
speed as railways can make on land al
though in the water they would not have
speed higher than nine or ten knots.
Put that speed would be suficient
Their land mobility is what would
make them valuah'a. The moment
hostile fleet appeared near any port
submarines could I've rushed to that
port in such numbers as were deemed
necessary and they would get the hos
tile fleet No doubt ahout II.
Really. for coast defense, such feet
OF submarines could he more speedily
nrohilized than the fastest fleet of battle
cruisers and super-dreadnaughts If an
attack threatened Charleston submarines
could proceed by rail- from New York at
thirty-fve miles an hour in certain safety
"one hundred ard thirty tons each
vas the weight of the subma rines TAX
en- by rail across Siberia. and the rails
of the trans-Sther an roads are VERY
light. Heavier boats could he moved
at higher speed on our American rail-
ways We have plenty of shops which
could turn out the gasoline engines
they would need
'I believe this suggestion for the pro-
vision of amphibious submarines to he
the most important suggestion for the
defense of the United States which has
been made in many years II offers
the quickest. the most effective and the
1aoc cd Iafa 70
ina BILE.
Our capa city for turning out craft
Of thfs type would he enormous. All
lake and ocean yards could build the
hulls, all the automobile and boat en-
gine building plants could build en-
gines for them. and there are several
electric appliance and storage battery
plants that could build the electrical
equipment.
TO my mind. the day is close at
battleship will be an interned pond,
closely protected against land attack
And let US consider the cost Of
maintaining such defensive fleet in
time of peace, comparing it to the cost
of the conventional modern naval fleet
To man a submarine of the coast de-
tense type VIII require twenty men,
while the amphibious submarines can
be manned by crews of ten men each.
Say we had fifty of the amphibious
boats. That would require a total OF
500 men. Estimate the force necessary
to man the coast defense type at 5000
men. Thus. less than 1000 men would
give US a perfect defense for every
harbor in America. and, l think. could
prevent any invading force from land
N a l1AH vhAr s1
The system would be immensely su--
perior to our present coast defense sys-
tenn, each fort or group OF forts OF
which defends only small radius Of
territory Immediately adjacent thereto
This submarine defense, through its
mobility, would defend not only our
harbors, but every inch Of our shore
line"
Evening star., 1915-06-20

Queen of Poland From that time to
the time of the partition Lithuana ana
Poland formed a dual kingdom, very
much after the fashion of Austria
have been "separatists" from Poland,
the Poles still look on Lithuania as
part Of Poland. History is full of the
stories of the struggles of Lithuanla
to dissolve the union with Poland and
of language and religious struggles
between Lithuanians and Poles.
a great deal that is interesting has
been written of the Lithuanian Ian
guage and it's Importance to phllology
and history. The German philosopher
Kant, who was born in Prussian Lithu-
ania, knew the language well. land in
his preface to the Lithuanian grammar r
he wrote that the language was of
very great Importance to philology and
to the history of the emigration of ma
tions. 1t is held as undeniable that
Lithuanian is the most ancient of the
living languages. 1t belongs to the
Indo- European group. and is tho near
lest idiom to Sanskrit 1t contains a
large number of words much less re-
mote from the 1ndo- European radical
than the Slavon!c. Latin or Germanic
tongues, and this resemblance is so
great that the claim is made that the
Lithuanian peasant understands San
skirt sentences written by learned men.
Many students of philology hold that
the Lithuanian language is more ancient
than the Greek. Latin, Celtic, German
and Slavonic tongues, and that 1t has
as much likeness to Greek and Latin
as to Sanskrit
Some writer's have laid emphasis not
on the scientific Importance of the
Lithuanian language. but on it's beauty.
Elisee Reclus. the distinguished French
geographer. has written: "Of all Eu-
"a nj which
lacking in augmentatives, is the one
which has the greatest number OF en-
dearing and caressing diminutives. 1t
has more of them than Spanish or
Italian. and even more than Russian.
and they can be multiplied almost ad
infinitum by applying them to verbs
and adverbs. as well as to the adjec-
tives and substantives. If the value or
a nation in the whole of humanity
were to be measured by the beauty of
its language, the Lithuanians should
rank first among the inhabitants Of
Europe"
Poland and Lithuania were overcome
by the Russians. Prussians and Aus
TRANS. The first partition was in 17Iz,
the second in 1892 and the third in
1875. BY these three successive di-
visions the greatest part of Lithuania
was annexed to Russia and a smaller
part to Germany. The nation was po-
litically destroyed and covered mainly
by the Russian governments of wilma.
kovna. Grodna. Minsk, Mohilev and
Vitebsk. The name "Lithuania" was
erased from the map of Europe There
was a Russian ukase, under date OF
1a49. which forbade the official use of
the name "Lithuania." the name being
replaced by that of North Western
Country"
The University of Wilma was removed
10 kfev and the Lithuanian statute was
abolished and the Russian code was
substituted. There were Lithuanian in
Evening star., 1915-06-20

have no job. and be etween the greed of
capital on the one hand and orEaniza-
tion of industry on the other, how can
we hope to get busy?"
There is something in this world for
everybody to do. But it is up to you to
will to do it. Look under your hand.
The Cheer Up editor Of The Sunday
Star dares you to look under your hand
for work and not find it.
Try 1t.
Look under your hand for a chance
to get busy and write to the "Cheer Up"
editor what you find there.
Or If you can't see what is there write
all about lust what you do see which
seems 70 shut you out from chance
to get busy.
You who may be busy and happy must
nelp. too You look under your hand
for job just the same. for It is barely
possible yours is the hand of Providence
for some jobless one. Or else yours
may be too grasping hand which has
grabbed more than it can do justly and
well. and the reason sonebody else fails
to find job under his hand is because
Evening star., 1915-06-20

vessel has been abandoned for the
even-keel type. have been due to en-
gine trouble"
"All these things being true the
writer asked Ar. Lake, what would be
the thing which the United States could
do which would make it sufficiently strong
so that It would not be attacked-in other
words, to make itself strong enough so
that it might preserve peace"
Mr.. Lake answered without hesitation.
And here came his big, his startling
suggestion in detail-the suggestion
which was mentioned at the beginning OF
this article.
1.-The United States can make itself so
strong" said he. that it will be prac-
tically beyond attack. by providing itself
with a. sufficient number of submarines
of defensive type.
ANY harbor, any coast line could be
protected by comparatively inexpensive
Evening star., 1915-06-20

surrections in 1913 and 1863 and bloody
suppression Of them. 1t was forbidden
that the Lithuanians should use Latin
type in their literature, that type hav-
ing been adopted by the Lithuanians In
the sixteenth century. Russian charac-
ters were imposed on the written
language of the Lithuanians. but Rus
sia revoked a number of earlier ukases
and re-esta blished the use Of the Latin
type in 1904
Lithuanian national aspiration was
kept alive by patriots. and at times
burst into popular passion. When the
great forward movement began to
crystalline in Russia during the years
1904-1906 Lithuanian national auton-
omy became great question, not only
in those parts of Russia which were
Lithuanian. but in other parts of Russia
as well. This national ideal has not
yet come to pass, but it continues up
permost In the minds of the Lithuanian
people wherever they are.
Evening star., 1915-06-20

the enemy. with their long-range guns,
away
For generations all these nations
have been studying and preparing for
such battles. Yet there have been no
such battles during this conflict. be-
cause of the existence OF the submarine.
There probably will be no battle of
the sort during the whole course of
the war
IF the capital ships of England.
France and Germany should meet on
the high seas as they were planned to
meet, the resultant slaughter, armed
as they are. will be such as to stagger
tie Imagination Vast sums, the lives
of many brilliant men. have been de-
voted to planning for that slaughter
Il do not hesitate to predict that such
Evening star., 1915-06-20
11~3o CHECKNQEN AT UNION STATION HAVE THEIR
- ~ TROUBLES WITH THE NEW BAGGAGE LAW
Look Up and Cheer Up!e

you have got his job hidden away in
your tightly closed fist.
*
Dear Cheer Up Editor: Please give this to the
Fat Girl at Old Point. and tell her that when
I read of her many blessings ard her sadness OF
not having the chief one. Poverty ] felt 80
very sorry for her tha, I thought II she really
wanted 1t she might have mine. and Id try u
ca her chicken la king for her. Tell her am
thin and in love with life guard but also have
many blessings. Sincerely. VAL.
Washington, d. c.
Dear Cheer Up Editor Even In spite Of being
poor working woman. am happy and feel that
have many more thar ten blessings in which to
h. thankful for. But will name the following
ten:
Blessed with good health
blessed with loved mother.
Blessed with kind husband
blessed with grandmother over one hundred
years Of age
Blessed hy working in good Christian family.
Rlessed by being able 10 attend my church.
Rlessed because ! am our of any hospital
Ressed with large number Of relatives IN
good health.
blessed hv having comfortable home.
And hest Of ALL I am happy and blessed be
cause have the hope Of eternal life A. E. G.
Evening star., 1915-06-20

searchlights. sound-receiving apparatus
and wireless, they would be tremendous
protective agents.
IF there were enough of them to form
a Gordon about the city or harbor to be
defended. that could not be beaten.
Three lines of such vessels. each car
rying eight torpedoes, each torpedo
capable of sinking battleship. would
make New York harbor unapproachable
to a hostile feet. Every approaching ship
would be subject to attack from at least
three submarines 1t is improbable that
the inner two lines of vessels would be
called upon to fire a shot, for it is not
likely that any vessel could pass the
outer signal line of submarine defense.
"Such defense would be tantamount
to the mining of the harbor against
approaching ships.
Mr. Lake was asked to estimate the
number Of submarines which the United
States would require in order to achieve
a submarine defense which he would re-
gard as ideal.