davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
Ridicule Testimony of States
Expert Who Exhuned Mary
| Phagan'S body.

DR.. George Bachman. 3 leading
physician of Atlanta and a pro
fessOr of physiology. was called
by the defense in rebuttal of the
States expert. Dr. ". +. Harris,
who had estimated half TO three
quarters Of al huur as the tim"
that elapsed between Mary rhJ-
cams departure from homo and
her murder in tho pencil factory.
Or. Rachman said that this, AS
well AS nr. TTarris's other cone
cluSions, was absurd
DR.. Thomas II. Hancock. y a.
prictor Of hoSpital in Atlanta.
was tho next expert called by tho
defense. He described expert
ments he had made with cabbage
and wheat bread in the stomachs
Of healthy persons and Sworc that
he found very little change in the
materials which had been in the
stomachs much lOnG"r periods
than those IN Mary FhaEaH's
were said to have been by pr.
Harris.
Dr. IIanrovk also EWor" FrInN
was entirely normal in every re-
spect. He was shown tho tc3ti-
monv of Dr. IIarr.s. tn" states
eXpert. and asked if the ConClu-
sions Of the doctor were Warranted
He replied That tncN W"r" not
that no ply siCian Cou'd attempt I"
determine accurately whether n
certain blow had or had not
produced uuConsCiouSneGS or
whether certain wound like
that described on Mary Fhd-
gans head had been made be
fore Or after death. He rharac-
terized DR.. Harris's estimate oC
the time the girl met her death
after eating dinner as "A mere
conjecture"
Or. Willis +. WcstmUrcland,
distinguished physician Of At
lanta aud first president Of the
Georgia State Board Of Health,
was the next witness. He dc
scribed Dr.. Harris time cSti-
mate as the "Wiid"St guessing
ever heard" other conc>u-
sions OF Dr. Harris n" called
"surnises."
An old fcud between Dr
WcstmorcIand and Dr. Harris
was revived in this clash nf
opinions between the two en-
perts, Dr Wcstmoreland several
Years before having nlcd
,harGcs Of "sciruiifir d.
honesty" against the other phy-
The Washington times., 1915-02-28

slClan. \ question OF medical
: ethics and Jurisprudence was
! inNolNod in tn" following cy-
ANIMATION Of DIR. Wcstmorcland
10y Mr.. Arnold;
q ! want to ask YOU this question
W. all Your experience with chemistry
aud medicine whore matter was in
volved in lawsuit, have YOU ever
known the chemist or physician before
to make an analysis of the body or parts
Of the body. and destroy the parts after
he made the analysis OF them, and not
submit to the court or to the other side
the part of the body for equal test ?
A. The absolute law OF medical juris-
prudence is that there always should
he such substance saved
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
FRANKS STATEMENT
TO THE JURY.

Factory girls, who testified to
the good character and reputation
Of Frank. were the last witnesses
for the defense before the prisoner
made his remarkable address to
the jury lasting more than four
hours. From one of the deienseS
character witnesses, Miss Irene
Jackson, Solicitor Dorsey procured
the testimony that the witness
was in a dressine-room on the
fourth floor at one time with an
other girl when Frank looked in
upon them.
Here is Franks story TO the
jury as he gave il the afternoon
of August IS, 1918:
Gentlemen Of the jury: in the yea
1854 on the 18th day OF April. | wa:
born in Quero, TcN. At the age OF thrc,
months | Was tahen b. my parents t.
GrookINn, y. Y. aId ] remained III m.
home uutu came South, 20 Atlanta
to make my homo here. | attended th'
l,uhtit scnuOls OF Brooklyn and prepare
for College ii l'ratr Insttutc, Brooklyn
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
DESCRIBE MOVEMENTS
BEFORE THE MURDER

On Friday April % tthc day before
the murder). l arrived at the factory
on Forsyth street at about O'Clock
my usual time. Immediately started
IN OH my routine work. At about Il
O'clock Mr.. Schiff handed me the pay
roll books. covering the plants at For
syth street and Bell street, for me to
check over to see that the amounts and
the extensions were correct.
This checking took me until about
1880 o'clock, when I made out on
drawn al the bank, went over to Mon
tag Brothers had the checks drawn
and signed by Sigmund Montag. after
which. accompan by my assistant.
Mr.. Schin. I went to the Atlanta Ma
tional Bank and had the checks cashed.
In the afternoon I helped Mr.. Schfr.
checking over the money and flling the
envelopes. This took US approximately
until a quarter to 6. At this time the
payment of the help took place. Mr.
Schif taking all the envelopes that
we're due the help that had worked
from April 1S to -. inclusive, out to
the pay window. which is entirely out
side either my inner once or the outer
office and out in tho hall beyond-a
little window that we have built.
After the help had been paid of. dur.
ing which time I sat in my office. no
one came into my ONCE who asked me-
for Il pay envelope or for the envelope
of another
This was in contra diction of the
testimony Of Helen Ferguson, who
swore that she asked Frank Friday
night for the pay envelope Of Mary
Phagan and that Frank said he
could not give it to her.
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
MARRIED LIFE
EXCEPTIONALLY HAPPY.

The first part Of August, 1905, 1 re-
turned to America. and Immediately
came South to Atlanta, which has re-
mained my home ever since. I mar.
ried In Atlanta an Atlanta girl, Miss
Lucille Seis. The major portion OF my
married life has been spent at the home
Of my parents-in-law. Mr.. and Mrs t.
Selig, at No. IS East Georgia avenue.
My married life has been exceptionally
happy. Indeed, these have been the
happiest days OF my life.
My duties as superintendent Of the
PENCIL factory were, in general, as fol-
lows: ! had charge Of the technical
and mechanical end OF the factory.
lcokins after the operations and seeing
that the product was turned out in
quality equal to the standard set BY
our conre titors. ! looked after the IN
stallat cii Of new machinery and the
purchase Of new machinery.
In addition to that, ! had charge of
the Office work at the Forsyth street
plant. and general supervision Of the
lead plant. which is situated on Bell
street. l looked after the purchase OF
the raw materials that are used in the
manufacture Of pencils. kept up with
the market of those materials, where
the prices huctuated, so that the pur-
chases could be made to the best pos
si5c advantage.
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
PLAYED AUCTION BRIDGE
WITH RELATIVES.

On Friday evening | soL nome AuouI
$50, had my supper. then went vim
my wife to the residence Of her uncle
Mr.. Carl Wolfsheimer. on Wa Wash'nSton
street, where Mr.. and Mrs. WolishciUler
and my wife and played auction brios.
for the balance OF the evening. NJ!
wife and I returned home and retired
about II o'clock.
On Saturday. April 26, rose betweg~
: and 80 and !cisureIy washed and
dressed had my breakfast. caught a
WASHINGTON street or Georgia avenue
carl doH't rerall which and arrived
at the factory on Forsyth street a.
about $50 O'Clock. to the best of my rer.
election
On my arriral at the factory, ioGcd
Mr.. Holloway. the day Waterman. III NJ
usual place and greeted him in a..
usual way. ] found Alonzo Maur, -
Office boy. iu The outer Office ! took oH
my coat and hat ana opened my de-
and opened tnc safe, and assorted lus
various booh@ and file& aad wire ira; =
containing tie papers that were placed
there the evening before, and uistrll-
utcd them in then proper places aooIt
CONTINUED on Following Psg'D
The Washington times., 1915-02-28

c. What did you say about getting
the reward for turning up Jim Conley!
A. | never said a thing told Black
or some OF them several days after they
came down there after this negro: III
this negro is convicted he Is my negro,
you understand" That's what ! said.
@. You knew about all this reward OF
S1,5OO didn't you, that all these news
papers had published? A. OF course,
knew about that.
@. Now. what time did YOU tell Mr..
Arnold that you left the factory Satur-
days? A. About 40
G. Didn't you tell me that sometimes
you were at the factory until o'clock,
when l was asking you on May II about
the very same thing? A. If l said "5
O'clock" sir. l meant - o'clock
@. What do YOU mean by 4."O-When
you told Mr. Arnold 4.3o-if you meant
/ o'clock? You say you said :; o'clock
when YOU meant 4: now, what do you
mean by 4.3O?., A. don't remember
saying 4.3O
@. Why, it just dropped out OF Your
mouth. A. l know it did Just then.
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
FRANK SPOKE:
ABOUT NERVOUSNESS.

q. Didn't Aou state II this I,op,I that
Frank referred once or twice To his
nervousness. that he undertook to cN-
plain il and account for it? \. don't
know that ! put it in that way. ! may
have said that he spoke to IN" once or
twice about being nervous.
Q. What did Frank say on these two
or three occasions when he referred to
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
DORSEY OBJECTS
TO STORY OF SLIPS.

After the paying off OF the help had
taken place Mr.. Schiff returned and
handed me the envelopes which were
left over. bound with an elastic band.
l put them in the safe and Mr.. Schiff
busted himself clearing up the books and
the files and placing them in the safe.
While he was doing that placed In the
time clocks the slips to be used next
Gay. took out the two time slips
dated April -. which had been used BY
the help on Friday, April 2J. and took
two slips out to the clock. ! noticed
that / had neglected to stamp The dates
on them. SO Just wrote on them "Aprjl
26. 1913" In other words. I put the
GATE Of the day following. which is the
way We usually do with the time clock
After placing these slips in the cloch
and bringing the others back to tie
oftice Mr. Schiff and left for home, j.
being about go These are the tN"
slips I took OUT
Solicitor Dorsey objected to the
slips being introduced 10 the atter-
ton of the jury in this manner. as
serting that they had not been ideH-
tilted. The Court permitted Frarl
to continue talking of them. but
they were not considered in evil
dence.
Gentlemen, as was saying, these two
slips that had april 26 1913" write
at the bottom are the two slips I pu
in the clock on the evening of Frida.
April 25. to be used on the day follow
Ing, which, of course. was April 70
l neglected to mention in going Owe"
my duties at the factory that NJ. y.
Darley was superintendent of labor AM
manufacture, and it fell to his duty /"
engage the help and distribute the he!c
I throughout the factory, and to dis
rharge the help when 1t was necessar,
In other words, he was the man who
came directly in contact with the help,
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
FOUND ONLY TWO
ROTTLES At FACTORY.

@. Now, Mr.. Holloway, don't YOU
know that frequently on Monday morn
ing bottles would be found In that
once and around out there on the office
floor, beer bottles? A. ] never saw but
two beer bottles there since ] have
been there.
.. Don't you know the negroes would
60 out and buy beer with the empty
bottles? A. II they ever got any
didn't know It. ! never saw any.
George Epps. the boy acquaint-
ance Of Mary Pnagan, who said
he had ridden to town with Mary
the day she was murdered, was
recalled for the defendant for fur
ther REORGANIZATION, He was
asked if he remembered an At
lanta newspaper reporter visiting
his home the Sunday the little
girls body was found, in an effort
to discover who last had seen
Mary before she met her death.
and il he did not stand by and say
nothing about riding with her on
saturday, while his young sister
was telling Of playing with Mary
the Thursday before her murder.
Epps admitted seeing the reporter,
but denied he was in the room
when the questions we're asked,
The Washington times., 1915-02-28

The reporter was called, and testi-
fled he had talked to both the
children for some time, asking
them specially when they last had
seen Mary. lie said Epps told of
riding to town with Mary occa-
sionally at other times, but made
no mention of being, with her the
day of the crime
The Washington times., 1915-02-28

IN the fall OF 1902 I entered Cornell
University. where ] took the course in
mechanical engineering. | was grad
uated after four years, in June. 1908
J then accepted position with the B.
y. Sturtevant Company Of Hyde Park,
Mass. After remaining with this firm
about six months l returned once more
to my home In Brooklyn, where I ac-
cepted position as testing engineer
and craftsman with the National Meter
Company OF Brooklyn.
! remained in this position until
about the middle Of October, 1907.
when, at the Invitation of some citi.
xens OF Atlanta, l came South to con.
fer with them In reference to the start.
ing and operation Of a pencil factory to
be located in Atlanta. After remaining
here about two weeks ! returned to
New York and engaged passage and
went to Europe. l remained In Europe
nine months. During my sojourn
abroad l studied the pencil business,
and looked after the erection and test
Ing OF the machinery which had previ-
OuS1y been contracted for.
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
Uirt,i f.aminatton by M. ArhoH.

Ui,r,i examination by Mr.. ArhoH
q, What is your name" A. Miss
Hattie Hail. -
q. Miss Hall, what is your huN-
ness? A. am -bookkeeper lot
the National Pencil Company
=. Where do you do most or your
work" 4 In the offices of Montag
Brothers.
q. DO You work for the Natlonal
Pencil Company? A. Yes, sir.
@. DO YOU sometimes so down. TO
the National Pencil factoryS ONCE
and take work there: A. Whenever 1t
is necessary. l do.
O. Now. on Saturday. April 26, did
YOU see MIR. Leo NJ. Frank? A, Yes,
sir. The FIRST time saw him was at
Montag Brothers. when he came over
that morning.
y. Now, what time did you hrst 500
Mr. Frank that morning: A. ABOUT
10 O'Clock: l don't know exactly.
Q. He wanted you to come over to
the pencil factory? \. Yes. sir.
@. And work for him there" 4. Yes.
.. Did YOU finally so over there to
the pencil factory a Yes. sir, be-
tween 1880 and II.
q. Now, during any Of this time, was
Frank doing any regular work on any
sheet or in any book: A. No. sir
@. He was not" 4. No sir.
Q. Was Frank working on that teN-
hibitins financial Sheet or any other
similar document or figuring, or any
thing OF that sort? A. No, sir-no.
Q. Now, will get you to state about
what time you finished your work. A.
finished my work in time to take
those In there to him, get my hat and
start down, and before | was ready to
start down stairs the whistles on the
outside blew; they were blowing FOR
noon.
O. Where were YOU when YOU heard
them blow? A. | was In the outer
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
SAYS FACTORY
CLOCK WAS CORRECT.

10 What did you do, \. went
down stairs. ! got to the first floor
down stairs and | realized that | had
y left my umbrella up stairs, and ! went
back and got my umbrella, and as
started back out I passed near enough
TO the clock, and looked at the clock.
and ii was two minutes past L..
This witness gave the only posi-
tive testimony about tho clock,
which, Solicitor Dorsey contend
cd. might have been five. or six
minutes slow. If, as Miss Halls
testimony indicates, the clock was
correct, then the states theory
that Monteen Stover entered the
factory after Mary Phasan en-
tered and failed to find Frank in
his office because he at that time
had lured Mary to the metal room
!; IS without support. Monteen said
she looked at the clock and il was
Ave minutes after IL. Mary had
not left, the street car at that
time, unless, as the State contend
cd might have been the case, the
car was about as much ahead OF
time AS Dorsey wished the jury
to believe the clock was behind
time
Cross eGo nihGiiOm BY Solicitor D0JSey
,, @ Miss Hall, how much were Nor
getting BENG psid-April 2"' y 81. Il
wech,
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
CHARACTER UPRIGHT AND MORAL.

John Ashley JONES' business of the character wit
nesses for the Defense testified that Frank of upright and
moral character cossexamnaon he denied he had heard
anv stories of Franks misconduct toward girls at the factory MRS
Rae Frank of Brooklyn mother of the prisoner took the stand to
saw that Frank wealthy relatives Brooklyn as the negro
Coney had quoted Frank saying She created sensation
when she Solicitor Dorsey for his charges OF immortality
against Frank. , -,
One of the most sensational pieces of testimony in the whole
case was that given by the negro Mnola Mcknight who
>woc that she forced to sign affidavit against Frank by the
threat of the keep her locked up until she did this
She said that the entire staetment false and that was
inspired by her Albert Mcknight The first part OF the
direct examination of f. F. Holloway day watchman the pencil
factory concluded last weeks nsament of the testimony
Reuhen R. Arnold associated with Luther Rosser in the
defense Frank brought the testimony that Holloway always
was at the factory Saturday afternoons and that he never saw
women going to Franks office and never saw oney hanging
about the factory ,
Holloway has just testified that he kept watch all over the
factory on Saturday afternoons and turned over to Cone
watching Of the front door as to-day msament peghS
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
FRANKS ASSISTANT
WORKED ON REPORTS.

Direct cara n,ination BY Mr. Arnold.
Q. What is your name? A. Herbert G.
Schff.
y. You are assistant superintendent.
I believe. Of the National Pencil factory?
A. ! have worked In several capacities
for the pencil factory.
z. Well, what was your position al
the time Of this sad murder? A. | was
| assisting Mr. Frank.
y. What we're your duties as assist
ant? A. why. the work was equally
divided: Mr.. Frank had part and
had a part. o
.. Did you have anything to do with
, getting up the statements and keeping
the books and getting up the financial
sheet did you have any part IN that!
A. Yes. sir, ! did.
Q. Now, where had your work been
performed. A. Right in the room--right
in the same office. Mr.. Frank and oc-
cupied the same Office. the inner office.
Q. How long had 1t been your habit
to make that financial sheet on sat
urdsy? A. Ever since the factory had
been in existence. 1t was fixed Gus
tom.
Q. What part did you take In help
ing Frank to make that financial
sheet? A. Getting up the data--part
OF the data.
Q. BY that do you mean the reports:
A. Getting up a sheet that we term
the factory record: that is, the number
Of pencils packed for the week. get
ting UP the tip record. ! got the re-
ports from tho different forernen ana
foreladles: got the slat record from
the slat mill the number OF stats de-
Nvered to manufacture pencils with
and gave him the totals of the pay
roll.
O. Reeinning with June of 1912. do
you recall up to the first OF January
Of THIS year how much time you missed
from the factory? A. None at all. ex-
cept my vacation, the last week In
July and the, first week In August.
Q. When Eou were in the city. did
you miss any time at all" A. No, sir.
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
Prisoners Remarkable Four-Hour Address to
Jury Is Preceded by Damaging Admission
: by Factory Girl Character Witness.
ELOOUENCE AMAZES ALL IN. COURT

Leo N. Frank, his life hanging the urys verdict begins
his story in todays inament of the testimony the Mary
Phagan murder This the first time that Franks personal
statement to the twelve who to decide his fate has been
published outside of Atlanta where the former Brooklyn boy
convicted and three times sentenced to death
As cooy and deliberately though there nothing at
Frank delivered his remarkable discourse to the dozen
He might have been merely lecturer instructor
the nicaces of compiling financial sheet for all the signs of
emotion feeling that he displayed in the greater part of his
address.
Not qave broke his easy conversational tone Toward
part his talk addressed himself particularly
many ugly charges that had been made against him aside
the charge of murder Then his voice slightly raised
and spoke with epreed eaesneSs to deny positively every
story that had been told the stand by the Jim Conley
and any other witness.
PRISONER Bellies ACCUSATION
for those nfrequent moments casual spectator having
knowledge that which taking place had before
never would have guessed that trial for his life
accused having sanged out the life Of little GIRL would
they have recognized in the quiet sefposseSsed and rather
young in the witness chair the prisoner
who was charged with being the author of the atrocous crime
Leo Frank left the witness stand at the end of four
hours probably the courtroom unaffected Southern
capital record other statement of such n
rressiveness that delivered by Frank.
in the eyes of the jurors who later following the
Solicitor Generals fiery dennaon of the factory superintendent
were to vote the guilty and should be sentenced
be hanged His young wife, until then vetabe Spartan
woman in sitting unfnchngly unpeakabe accusations
hurled at her husband collapsed completely he finished
The presiding judge, himself affected brought court sud-
denly to an for the and the spectators filed out in
usual silence they looked upon the wife, her form shaken with
uncomfortable sob and upon the suffering mother whose cheeks
with tears but who other sign OF her emotions
Between them sat Frank, reassurng them both.
The Washington times., 1915-02-28
WAS IN FACTORY
EVERY SATURDAY,.

Q. Now. excepting those Two weeks
did you miss a single Saturday he
tween the frst Of June and the first
of January? 4. No sir.
Q. What time would YOU set back
to tho factory on Ss turday after
Moons: A. would usually leave. at
half-past - and return to the fac
tory between 2 and ais.
@. What time did Frank get back
on Saturdays? A. He would leave
little after I and return about g.
Q. DO you recall any Saturday last
year that Mr.. Frank got back earlier
than you did? a. No, sir.
q. Now, when you would go back on
Saturday. would YOU do any OF the work
on those sheets up to the time that Mi
Frank would get back: A. Yes, sir /
usually began to compile my slat record
and get up the pencil sheets.
q. When Frank would come back on
Saturday. where would he take 1t up?
A. He would begin as soon as had
turned over the part | had to him-he
would go on with his part OF the data
until had finished mine. and then he
would continue to finish the sheet.
.. Did you work together? A. We
did
y. Isn't it q fact that YOU were ire
quently interrupted Saturdays by sales
men and men OF that sort calling on
you. A. Yes. SIR.
q. The door was open. wasn't 1.-THE
downstairs door: A. Open.
=. Did you ever lock II, YOU and
Frank, when you were working there
together? A. No, sir.
=. will get you to state whether Mr..
Kobheimer and people from Montass
would call on you Saturday afternoons!
A. Very frequently.
=. In other words you were liable to
be interrupted at any time Saturday
afternoons by people on business" A.
Yes, sr.
q. How long did YOU and Frank take
to finish that financial sheet on Satur-
days? a. Why, we usually lett about
half-past or a quarter to 6. 1t took
him about two and half to three
hours.
q. Would YOU leave separately or to.
sether? a. Usually together.
.. Did Mr.. Franks w,fe come up
there some Saturdays? A. Very often.
O. Do you ever recall on a Saturday,
after o'clock. seeing this negro, Jim
Conley. in the front or anywhere around
the Office there A. No. sir.
@. Did you and Mr.. Frank, or did
Frank, have any women up there at
any time on those Saturdays: A. No,
sir. We did not
Q. Did you ever see any women up
| there: A. No, sir. did not.