davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1915-02-13
How the Feast OfSt. Val
entine Was Celebrated In
Bygone Days : Curious
Customs Practiced By
the True Lovers Of Old

~ HE observance Of st. Valentines
Al Day is undoubtedly Of pagan
"a origin. but tradition has pre-
- served so little OF the founda-
ton Of the customs practiced on that
day that IT is difficult to understand
why 1t is the day when all true lovers
exchange missives. Surely. there was
nothing in the lives of either Of the
two Valentines mentioned in history
to attract sweethearts
The Two Valentines.
One Valentine was a bishop OF
Rome who stood steadfast I'm his faith
during the days Of the Claudian per-
secution. and was put into Jail on ac-
count OF his refusal to give up his
religion. During his Incarceration he
is said to have cured the keepers
daughter of blindness. when the au-
thorities learned Of the matter they
beat the good man with clubs and
afterward beheaded him. His martyr
dom occurred on the fourteenth of
February in the year two hundred
and seventy. His remains are pre-
served in the Church Of st. Praxedes
at Rome, where a gate has also been
named in his honor.
The other Valentine had even less
to do with sentiment. The chief act
Of his life seems TO have been the
performance OF a miracle - that OF
Evening journal., 1915-02-13
Copyrlght 1919, by The Internatlonal
Syndicate
The Horse Next To Man
Is W ar's Greatest Vic
tim : How He Is Recruit
ed, and the Treatment He
Receives At the Front =
The Purple Cross.

'Ntt tRAA ar AAAf Afl AAUAH 81 N-tAN
drags on. Already thousands Of
horses have been killed or have died
from exhaustion and starvation and
the bolligerents are seeking remounts
In tho neutral countries.
Horses nJ for army purposes are not
easily obtained I'm great numbers, for
they must be at least five or six years
Of age and of q certain weight and
height in order TO meet the different
requirements of cavalry, artillery ana
transportation.
Germany and Austria are trying TO
secure remounts from Norway, Swe-
den and Denmark. A few were pur-
chased from Switzerland during the
first month of the war. but they were
nearly all killed during the Belgian
campaign. AT the time of the declara-
tion OF war the total number of horses
In the German and Austrian Empires
was 100000. This. OF course in
cluded all those In the army and in
domestic service as well.
The four allied nations had over
26,0OO,00O TO draw from, but they. too.
are buying animals from the other
countries, especially from the United
States and Canada Belgium had over
100000 when the war began. but
nearly all Of these are dead or have
been captured by the Germans.
At present Canada claims TO possess
nearly 100000 horses. and the
United States has over 2O.00O,OOO-
about million less than Russia
which is the richest land in horsenesh
the world.
Price of Horses Rises.
This sudden demand has caused an
Unprecedented rise i'm the price of
horses. and those available for cavalr,
service are bringing fancy prices. ever
he poorest of them selling for s17i
20 $500 each. Heavy draft horses
suitable for artillery service, sell foi
as high as $3.50 per pair. and are no
easily obtained at that price.
The cost of shipping animals 70 th'
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
THE POPE IN THIS WAR

\ strange development Of war poI-
ties in Europe is the Bavarian propo-
*ition 10 restore the temporal soycr-
eighty of the Pope. as Il penalty of
course. TO be inflicted By victorious
Germany upon the kingdom of Italy
for joining the entente allies The
present war has in many respects re-
Nerscd the tendency OF European his.
tory. II has increased the authority
or mon3rchs and diminished that OF
the people. 1t has converted Ger
many into an autocracy. II has ended
conStitutionalisin, apparently. in Bull
Earia and Greece. 1t has silcnccd par
IlaHcntary opposition in England and
France. and thrown veil of slunhcr
over home rule III Ireland. Every
switzerland feels the grip OF militar-
ISM ON the throat OF it's ancient de-
moCracy. l. this backward drift 10
talk" Italy back to 1860. and restore 10
the Pope his territorial domfnionsp
W" may be sure that such a propos!-
ton would meet with favor i'm Austria
"nd bavaria. and perhaps in Prussia an
Wei! II II became possible to the AUS
tro-Gcrmans, as the result OF "a COM
pietc victory over the entente powers
TO destroy tho Italian Kingdom. they
would undoubtedly destroy it. As rho
fruit OF such q victory. Ncnctia and
even l.ombardy might bc ~iVcn huc',
TO Austria, and the States of tho
church bc constituted. But that such
chimcrcial scheme should be seri-
ously discussed in the Ravnrian Diet
is an indication OF the political mad
ness OF the Germans. To reverse IN.
course Of history In such "a manner
would be impossible though The
strongest political combination I'm
Europe should attempt II. Moreover
there Will be no "papal conspiracy
to effect this end.
Undoubtedly the Bavarian suggestion
rests on the unwarrantcd assumption
mat IN" Holy Sec is sympathctically
on tho German side in the war That
assumption has often been made.
partly on account OF the long stand
ing issue between tho papacy and the
Italian Kingdom and partly the re-
SUIT or the intimate sympathy be-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
Living AS He Goes

resident OF Baltimore. a sweeper
employed on tho streets OF tho city
at "A weekly wage OF sl2. has returned
from his tenth annual trip to Europe.
lie liz All EnglisNman and spends SIX
TO nine weeks every summer among
tho scenes OF his childhood and visiting
relatives and friends. Each autumn he
returns TO Baltimore. goes back to his
little cart. broom and shovel To earn
and save tho money for another trip
next year. Dcducting time he is away
he does not get more than t50l a year.
$ll5 for his trip.
He does not travel in state OF course
when he goes abroad but he goes. His
example is interesting mainly as Illus
tratinS how much is within tho reach
OF those who make a determined effort
10 get what they want. He does not
hesitate because he cannot have the
best state-room on the ship. lie cuts
the coat according To the cloth and
makes il fit. instead OF frittering away
what he has because it is not az much
as some one else has and does not
seem enough.
The Baltimore sweeper may be looked
upon as foolish by some and as a
philosopher by others. His program
certainly is not likely to end in
competence or even a modest sum laid
by for 4 rainy day. But he is getting
out Of life more than mere living.
even il lie is not accommodating wealth
for a rainy day that may never arrive.
He is taking life as IL comes and not
worrying about the future He may
an excess Of Observation-Disclosures
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
tween the diplomats OF the Holy SEQ
/ ana the Austrian monarchy
Church emit Take Sides.

tween the diplomats OF the Holy SEQ
ana the Austrian monarchy.
Church emit Take Sides.
The anticler!cal tendency OF the
French government. the Professionalism
or England and the former persecu-
ton OF Catholics in Russia have also
bcen cited as reasons why tho Holy
Sec should he on tho side OF the cen
'iai empires. But such an assumption
as that leaves out OF the account iii.
ihct mat In great struggle like this
the church cannot take sides. II has
no better servants than many men who
are hSbting on the side Of the en-
tcntc. This spirit OF tho church brood~
over French and belgian battle flags
IA well as over those OF Austria and
bavaria. As Able Dimuct has shown
there mas been a great revival OF the
religious spirit IN France as a result
OF tho war. Is the chl~ch likely to
!mpcr!l That hopeful revival hv taking
sides against France? could tho
'hurch abandon It's mission as the i'm
partial comforter and inspircr or all
I'm order to follow the will-o'-thc- isp
OF restoration Of the rapal S,a,cs2 /,
- not at all likely. and those who
Say that il viii do so are guilty Of
very great presumption. They do
no, understand the function Of the
Catholic Church in the world.
Ey tho entrance into the war on tho
side OF tn" entente powers. tho Italians
showed that they had the courage Of
their national hopes. Defeat for them
might, indeed mean humiliation and
even Acknowledgement. They entered
the war hravclv and whole heartcdly.
nevertheless, having an cy" To tho in
dependent position OF Italy on tho
Adr!atic and In the Mediterranean
The entire population. clerical and sec
ular. joined in support Of the Kingdom.
The Roman and Ncapolitan nobility. 10
great extent pa pal in sentiment sent
their sons TO nght for Italy. Tho whole
population is loyal TO the nation. Tho
church cannot fail to he affected by
this phenomenon. II VIII not take
sides against Italy.-Eoston Transcript.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
SEEN ON THE SIDE:
Linked Wisdom.

me golfer never strikes at all:
His plan Is to address the ball
THAT blue smoke in tho atmosphere
Brands he>address that hc made hero.
suppose the club that he employs
Sh"uid preak-would he then make a noise? ?
why hardly. but he would explain
The makers swift descent from Cain.
Nhcn golfers try ball that's new
ihcy find sometimes it will not do
In which event they always call
For their tried friend. the Scotch high ball
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
Garbage Collection by Contract

| 'tEkE Is an element OF humor in the in
l vitation extended by the Administrative
Board 10 contractors 10 bid on the collection
and disposal OF the city's garbage There
was no alacrity in the response. Only one
bidder appeared on the scene. and he was as
vague i'll his proposals as Street Cleaning
Department cost sheet.
Perha ps the Administra tive Board does not
understand. hut the absence OF specific bids
is due to the prevailing belief that il has
no purpose whatever OF entering into the sort
O; contract its advertisements describe The
business mon of Richmond do not believe
that the Administrative Board. save under
circumstances very remarkable indeed. would
cut the Street-Cleanng Department in half
This impression may do the board a grave in
justice" hut il is held.
Indeed there is some excuse for it, Less
than year ago an effort made to lease
the City Gas Works. The applicant for the
lease was an entirely respectable and respon-
sible corporal ion. which made definite offer
That offer was not without considerable adj
vantages TO the municipality. and there was
no question that Il was entitled to the respect
tll consideration OF the authorities.
The public will remember what sort Of con
side!ation It did set from the Administrative
Board which reported 20 the CounclT that
the proposition was utterly without merit"
No effort was made 10 obtain better offer.
whether from the original applican, for the
lease o. from any OF the several others that
appeared about that time on the scene
The one result OF the agitation is that
Richmond soon will be buying gas al so cents
per 1000 cubic feet, instead OF 80 cents.
That result. however, i considerable. AS it
is due directly 10 the corporation that sought
% lease the Gas Works, the public ought to
be able 10 muster little gratitude for that
particular octopus. which otherwise has had
only is trouble and expense for its pains
= -Ga- :. la b,,ci
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20

spent on roads all over the United States
under the joint authority 81 the Secretary
of Agriculture and the State highway COM
mssionerS
There is good deal TO he said in favor Of
Federal supervision Of highways Roads
differ very greatly in quality in different
States central control would mean that
the backward States would 10 brought up TO
the level OF the best. and that We should
have great system OF turnpikoS stretching
across the country. which would ne highly
useful in peace and which might he important
in case ot war.
Eu, the question of expense seems an al
most insupcrahle objection 10 such scheme
At the present time. The revenues Of tho
government are hardly sufficient 20 sustain
the ordinary burdens OF the budget and
there can be no doubt that the country is
heartily in accord With President Wilson's
policy Of preparedness Enlargement OF the
army and navy Will mean the expenditure Of
hundreds of millions OF dollars. and will leave
nothing whatever TO he spent on other mat
tiers, which. while important. not OF the
same pressing necessity the military de
mands.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
News Of Fifty Years 400

m Heheral George IL. Mcclellan, or the Initial
states Army. will be in Richmond in = ro
,n so ~ Is si,id. lie comes to get a look NJ
INC CITY lie tried so hard to capture and foilod
Hon. John Minor Bolts is in wnsbing,o, o.,
ING 10 get pay for the wood cut Off his cst,t n
ny the United States troops during the war tIo
w,., , sl4.ooo' OF which amount $4,000 has al
ready been paid. "
The administration candidates r,r t,o,x
IN North Carolina were all defeated or tho
men elected. Hon. Bedford Brown OF Tho I.ir,,
District. is the only ono ,yho c,n ~. - nm
oath. 1870 " 'e9'
George Davis. late attorney-reneral Of tho
Confederacy was arrested by United States
i'i't'tarE authorities at Key West, Fla and sent
10 HuW ORR. where he arrived day before
!ts'er"aE ana Is being held as a prisoner sub
jet to the action of the government AT Wash
ington y ~
The guard of soldiers who have been sta,
tonen around the White House for the past
tMo years was yesterday removed by order OF
President Johnson.
There are only ten regiments of United
states negro troops III Virginia at the present
'Imc' the Fifth Regiment having just been
mustered
General William Malone has been appointed
surveyor OF the water works company n:
Norfolk He will give Norfolk water works
II anybody
The First National Bank OF DanvilI. has hc.p
established with a minimum capital Of $50 900
and u maximum OF $500, 600 Mir FicIlen has
been elected president and j. NJ Johnson
cashier.
The Rev. Dr. Norton colorcd and iuaro an.
pointed by the United States AUTHORITIES held
frcedmans court in York County fcw
DAYS ago The gentlemen selected by the citi-
bench with the negro.
Postal routes in Virginia are being re-cs-
,aoitshed rapidly. The same is true OF the
regions further down South.
In fit of religious excitement Thomas Itydo
hung himself at Salisbury n. C. day before
yesterday.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
Joffre Is France

TO neutral observer tho most in
icrcstinG fac; disclosed by the publiCa-
non OF the reports Of the great Of
fcnsivc movement begun by I'll" british
front is tho great admiration Of the
British for General Jonrc, .hc French
commander in chief
English military critics a"c unani-
nous In admitting that tho brain that
planned the dcfcnscs which stretch
from the North Sea to Switzerland. and
which instigatcd tho great offensive
movement is the brain OF the great
French soldier Adverse criticisms
have appeared from time to time be-
fore the present phase Of tho war
began. and some writer's have laughed
at the fact that most of the pictures
representing General Joffrc represent
cd him decorating and giving the ac-
coladc to soldiers in the field. But all
responsible military critics now agree
that. although nothing could dctract
from the glory gained by the British
troops in the war from tho retreat Of
Mons to the great battle which began
on tho 25th. the man behind the great
movement is the French commander
in chief.
Undivided praise is heard on all sides
here. and most Of it Is along the fol-
lowing lines:
"Now at last we can realize dimly
what ii means to be n commander in
Cnlc1 IN inc great war, 10 nlancuNcr
armies spread over half continent, to
conduct at the same time half Il dozen
battles which mean nothing taken one
by one and everything taken together.
"Tn France no doubt there have been
many. both in the army and ont OF II.
who have chafed at the delay. who
have demanded that the French soldier
should he allowed to do the work for
which he is conference.-the fitted
to attack. Doubtless many who were
too wise to utter treason questioned
the wisdom OF Keeping men of such
volatile spirits penncd so long i'm the
trenches. But Joffre knows the new
France. which is so much more stead
fast than the old, and above all. he
knows his plan. He will not have
charges made for show and to please
the readers Of newspapers; lie calls
that murder.
"IIc does not mind il for months
nothing picturesque happens The fact
that the battle Of the 25th was good
copy was Il pure accident. He would
just as soon have an inch by inch adj
vance day after day. Down with spec
tacle. is his motto. as 1t should be
Of every general I'm this war, wherein
theatrical heroism has often spelt
woefuI waste Of life France knows
her man by this time, and that is why
to-day Jonrc not only represents
France: he is France. And over the
unity between civil and military au-
thoritics is absolute."-L London special
to New York Sun.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
The First EnEIishmnn In India.

Who was the first Englishman ac-
tually to visit India? 1t is probable
that his name is unfamiliar to most
of us 1T was one Thomas STEPHENS
who is generally considered to have
had this distinction, and - was in tho
year 1879 that, he set foot in the coun-
try. stephens seems to have become
prominent person, for he was an
pointed rector of the Jesuits' College
at Goa. stephens wrote glowing let
ters home to England: and II was his
descriptions of the prospect before his
countrymen for the acquisition OF q
share in the wealth and treasure OF
the Indies that did much to arouse
the spirit Of Englishmen to trade di-
rectiy with India. Tho result OF the
Armada stimulated tho maritime en-
ternrise of Britain. and expeditions TO
indla were frequent. The first British
settlement on the mainland of India
dates from the year 1612.-Westmins-
ter Gazette.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
Old Virginia CLERKS.

Will you give some list of the old county and
city clerks who had prcpostcrously long terms
Of service in Virginia? T. i, y
AS to your advcrb. glad To writ. NON
mcus hic scrno. AS the request Fredcri ole
Johnston. OF Roanoke. made in 1888 some lists
supposedly correct for that date, showing the
terms OF 4 good many clerks o have exceeded
fifty years From that list the following 10
taken: James Stcptoe. Bedford. lfty-four wears:
Enlfe Eldridgc, Jr, buckingham, nfty-two wears
Thomas Read. Charlotte. ffty-two years: Jane.
Keith, Frederick siNty-two years: William Mil
Ter. Goochland, hfty-hvc years: Henry Taylor,
Luncnburg. fifty years: Griffin Stith, North
ampton. hfty-onc years; Thomas HObson. Nor
thnmbcrand. ffty-two years: John Grammar
Petersburg. hfty-on years: John Robinson,
Richmond fifty-two years; Andrew Reid, Rock
bridge. hfty-three years; Philip Williams, Shcn-
anGoah. ty-six years.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
woodmcn OF World Mcmbcr>bI,.

TO the Editor OF The Times Dispatch:
Sir note In your issue Of November Is NJ
=: Doubles corrects the list Of members in the
Modern Woodmen Of America which was err
roncously given by in tho Queries a nd
Answers column OF November l6
Please permit mo to correct the list given
by YOU as to the Woodmcn of the World You
state the membership in this order is Go244 :
Ihat was the membership December al
1918. on July !, 1915 this order had n member :
ship in tn" sovereign jurisdiction OF 733.7O2
with a surplus and emergency fund amounting
10 over S26,"O"o"H. r. g. SMOAK
South Richmond, November Is 1915
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
No DCfcnSc for HnIscIdcn

To the Editor of The Times dispatch:
Sir.--lDr. liaiScldcns act In not trying save
the life of the child born Mrs Bollingcr wa Q
a moral wrong much TO he regretted by all
iieht-thinklnE people II was in direct oppo-
sition 70 the Divine Will God was tho crca or
OF the lifc hence If ii was not His decree that II
should enter this world 81 living soul He would
have hushcd Its little lifc in eternal slceD he :
fore 1t was ushcrcd into this world II cs-
tablishcs distressing prcccdcpt hold at
least infant life lightly.
When human beings interfere with Gods
plans and dictate His providcnccs ID lowers
All human standards. This ac, Of Or IIaiseI-
den's was wrong from all sandpoints. and
cannot he defended. MRS. FRED ZONES
Richmond, November Is. 1915
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
1attIfnEs.

y one piece orchestra-the man who blows his
own horn.
In this advanced age the man who lacks ba elk :
bone and cheek is deficient in the things which
make for success
To be sensitive is not bad trait, unless YOU
are sensitive to the touch of the man who
borrows.
If man could borrow money easily as he
horrows trouble he would never be in want
In hunting fortune one should have a trained
guide
People who are quick take orcnse find the
supply abundant.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
a Lnyn,nn,s Sermnn

lawyer friend tells me that he always tries
to nnd out the traits of all witnesses for and
against In case I'm which lie is one OF the
attorneys Not long ago he was asking a man
about II certain witness who was to be in Il lit-
CATION The man he asked said of the witness
to-ho: He stands without hitching" The t.st-
mony OF that witness won the LAWYERS case
have been thinking this over. and my conclusion
is that there is about man in twenty who
viii come up TO that test. The other nineteen
Will shy. balk or Kick over the traces and run
away. OF all tho men whom l know consider
the who kicks the traces as the most
unrcliablc
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
SkaSgs Says:

was in Philadelphia the other day and heard
OF a magistrate in that city who sentenced a
negro 10 seven years in the state pcnitentiary
Tor SiaShing another negro with razor I am
heartily in favor of a law against slashinr OF
all kinds regardless of race. color creed
would like TO law that would punish n
tongue-slasieT, white or black. a tongue slasher
is as dangerous as razor-Sla sher--in "A differ
ent way, of a PHILADELPHIA LAWYER put
il just right in saying that in coored society
tho razor Is what rcpartee is in white society
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
An Evening on nj Home

This is outrageous" said Honey Bun, as he
slammed his paper tho rug. Here ia a man
who spends his time abusing people who differ
with him and raises the dickens with his wife
and children. who asked him for an allowance
for the church once n month. Such a man js al
tho bottom scale of humanity'
"Iiuhhy,' said Iovcy Mary who kept at her
crochetinC. don't forget yourself"
And Honey Bun replied: 'iIuh!" and closing
his cycY. fell asleep and snorcd.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20
The Voice Of the Peopls


10 the Editor OF The Times Dispatch
Sir.-Ailow me to correct a mistake I'm vour.
issue or to-day appearing under tho title
i,annehroE Wins Suit The word clamps X lbs
StiSkh net means steamship company. and
nanhcDroc Is tho name OF the Danish 0oc-
10 see my old flag used the name of n
afforded mo and other Danes great arnusonnn,
for which please receive respectful tina nks
. G. J. IINDF:MANN
NORFOLK. Va. Novnmher LIZ MI
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-20

one week from today says tho Halifax
record Advertiser. land ono team of North Caro-
i,n'ahs ana like number OF Virginians will be
siashed smashed and shattered on n football
80 80 Nich"ohd--and it's ten to Virginia
gets the honors Chimes Dispatcb viii n1.,.o
wilhhoid comment)" That sounds so much
better than your last report of a Virginia game
the comment is Unnecessary