Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-28
UNITED AMERICA;
WAR LESSON TO
PAN-AMERICANS
Brains of Hemisphere" See
Necessity of Solid West
ern Front
McADOO AND LANE SPEAK
Observance of Law Urged in All
Relations Among Nations
of World

WASHINGTON, Dec. S-The European
war and its lessons; the necessity for in
creased cooper alton of "all OF the Amer
icas" and suggestions for worldwide CO.
operation to enforce international law
were the features Of today's session Of
! the Pan-American scientific congress.
Discussion Of a possible Pan-American
union, a solid front to the world, gave rise
to speculation as to the combined strength
of the American countries. II was pointed
out In private talk that should n conflict
arise war would resolve itself into
naval conflict, and the countries would
have to depend upon their sea forces for
victory or even protection.
The significant feature of today's dis
cussions is that II is not now the
United States alone which holds to the
principles of the Monroe Doctrine. South
American republics now begin to feel that
the doctrine is as much for them and
their protection as for the benefit Of the
United States
The delegates got down to business with
separate gatherings Of the nine affiliated
sections. Chief interest naturally attached
to the international law section the sec
ton on transportation commerce. finance
and taxation, and the mining and geo
logical branch
Two Cabinet officers, Secretaries Lane
and McAdoo. made notable addresses.
Mr.. McAdoo especially called for mutual
nelptulneSS TO result III n new epoch III
international relations where co-opera-
tion will take the place Of jealousy and
ntagOniSm.'
Mr. Lane took shot at the peace at
any price advocates" by declaring that
there are times when nations which be-
licvc in themselves ought to fight" but
insisted that civilization never had been
the product of arms"
McADOO HOPES FOR PEACE.
Secretary McAdoo. after reviewing the
work already accomplished toward CO.
operation between all of the nations on
this hemisphere, emphasizing that it has
resulted "in practical benefits of far
reaching importance said:
1T seems as IF the very horrors of war
In Europe had compelled destiny to turn
an appealing and benevolent face to the
Western Hemisphere. We must not be
insensible to that appeal. We must seek
TO bring about such consolidation of moral
and material influences among the nations
of America as will make them irresistibly
potential in peaceful and helpful service
to humanity and civilization"
The suggestion made i'm Europe that
changed conditions of warfare have
forced radical changes in the code of
international law found scant consdera-
tOn in the international law section, A
protest against any such doctrine was
echoed by DR.. Charles Noble Gregory.
who voiced an earnest appeal that the
mechanic and his machine be not per-
mitted to work damage from the depths
of the sea and the vault Of Heaven"
Doctor Gregory warned of the danger to
future generations "if belligerents are to
be permitted to snatch the shield of law
from women and children, from the aged,
the nOncombatant and the neutral and
make them the prey of brutality
Dr. David Jayne Hill, former Amer
Arnh n
that the principles Of international law
are logical corollaTies of the constitu-
tional system and they must stand or fall
together"
international law, he said, was natural
Justice universally applied. The aim, he
said, lis the protection of the weak
against the cupidty and rapacity of the
strong" He appealed to the nations OF
America to back up the United States
in its controversies with the bellgerents,
declaring that 80 long as the American
republics adhere to the principles of in
ternational law the independence of all
Is assured"
All OF the American republics must
follow the lead OF the United States in
making national laws subordinate to the
provisions of treaties, declared DR.. Ale
iandro Alvares. counsellor for all of
ChilPs legations in Europe, addressing
the international law section of the CON
the law of the land and a treaty, he said,
the treaty should obtain
DR.. Philader p. ClaXtOn, United States
Commissioner of Education, suggested
to the educational section of congress
the formation of n "Pan-American Edu-
cational Association" 90 bind the Amer
lean republics together in lieu of treaties
or agrcen ents.
ELIOT ON EDUCATION
Dr. Charles w. Eliot. president emeri-
tus of Harvard, told the section on edu-
cation that too little attention is being
paid in the schools today to sense train
ing; also TO real manual education.
This" he said Supplies the faculty
of accurate observations and creates the
habit of careful reflection and measured
reasoning. The boys ON the farm as we'll
as in the city need it,"
To bring all forests under efficient ad-
ministTation requires extended Federal
and State activities in preventing fires, in
purchasing larger areas of forest land or
in exercising control over these lands, as
It is done abroad. Chief Forester Henry
S. Graves told the conservation section.
He declared Government ownership or
control of forests not necessary, because
private owners generally held land for
exploitation and not for the growing and
preservation of timber on il. DR.. Richard
T. Ely. University of Wisconsin, opened
this section.