davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-07-02
Fluctuation in currant Trade.

Hollands tulip craze recalls the
rush which developed in Greece some
thing like thirty-five years ago, when
landowners staked their all on the flu.
ture of currants. After the vineyards
of France had been ravaged by phyl-
loxera, there, sprang up great de-
mand from that country for Greek
currants to be used in wine-making,
and prices scared to heights never be-
fore known in the currant trade. I'm
der this stimulus Greek landowners
all through the currant-producing
provinces uprooted their olive groves
and planted the lands to currants, I'M
til within few years the acreage had
far more than doubled. Then France,
having found means to combat the
phylloxera, placed upon currants a
prohibitive import duty, thereby per-
manently shutting off from Greek cur
rant growers the market whose de-
mands had stimulated them to in
creased production. Immediate sup
ply overtopped demand in the worlds
currant market-this district, which
supplies the worlds currants, was pro-
ducing 80 per cent more fruit than
it could dispose of. Prices fell pre-
cipitately, and for decades the currant
trade was in bad condition.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-07-02
AAriaI Torpedoes.

Germans outside the Polish fortress
of Ossowiec are trying air torpedoes
as a means of destroying the re-en.
forced concrete forts. The torpedoes
are a substitute for the BUSY Ber-
tina" shells, and for the shells from
the Austrian Pinch mortars, which
have done no damage worth mention
ing.
The air torpedoes are small dirigible
balloons, propelled by compressed
air motor. They can travel several
miles. The charge consists Of about
fifty pounds of guncotton in thin
cylinder, which is released automatic
ally after the torpedo has travelled a
certain distance. The lower end OF
the cylinder is cone-shaped.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

paay and members of che summer crew are beginning 10 arrive. lt is entirely probable that the mill Niii start within a few days.
 Committees have been appointed by the Ladies Guild oi st. Luke's church for a goody sale to take place at Hubbards store on April ad,
 Mrs. Bert Loomis. who recently un- derwent an operation at St. Ann hos pllal in Juneau. returned 10 her home oin Douglas yesterday afternoon,
 The Alaska Catholic club will hold a meeting ot their hail on st. Ann ave nue at eight o'clock tonight
 Preparations are being made by the Eagles for ball to be held a' their han next Saturday night.
 A caucus win be held at the 0oug- los Island Labor Union hall tomor row night for the purpose of nomniat' i'm. candidates for the council In the primary election.
 Mrs. Arthur Osterberg, who under went an operation a couple of days ago at St Aun's hospital is reported as being well on the road to recovery
 The Ladies League of the congrega' tional church will gove a ten.cent tea Thursday afternoon. An are wei come.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
STDELIeHTs ON
 TBE L.EetIsI.A.IU

Senators, Representatives. and clerks are smoking new pipes. the gift of R. E Murphy representing the Dupon, Powder Company In AL aska The bowls are of the familiar powder.can type, and the members say they make a good smoke.
 Representative Tom Holland. Of Chitina expects to take In tho San Fancisco Exposition after adjourn- ment He has relatives m Oakland.
 Friends Of Martin Moran, Repre- sentative from The Great Kobuk' have announced his engagement Judge Moran refused to confirm the umor and declared the bride,to-be is 8 Kansas girl who Is an old sweet hear, of the Northerner~
 ll was Representative Jim Daly of Kougarok who was responsible for the cut m the price of marriage li- censes from S250 to S150. Represen- ,aliye Noon wanted S1OO as the price which the Shoup bill should state but tue ott0Na ittf -HA1it itsn .At't..et ''t''e- him and won out The vote on Che amendment was f2 to 4 The bill is expected to be heard from again at this session. according to the legis' lative gossip. It has not finally passed.
 Alfred E Maltby, chief clerk Of the Senate expects to make Juneau his home He is a lawyer by profession, and has been in the Iditarod country for several years. Many years ago he lived in Juneau, having worked in the law office of John G. Held
 Who is Judge Moran's Cinderella! During the discussion of the marriage license bll in the House yesterday the Senatar used that mythical name and his colleagues were on their feet in an instant. inquiring is it had any relation to the name Of the Kansas miss
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
ITALIANS WANT
 CONSUL AT JUNEAU

The Italian population oi Juneau and surrounding country want 8 resi- dent consul appointed to look after their interests and welfare. there be. ing between five and six hundred Ilanians in this part of Alaska.
 A petition signed by 250 or more has been forwarded to Washington D. C.. asking for the appointment or a consul. and yesterday committee tee called on Gov J. F. A. Strong to ask him to recommend some one for the position to the Department.
 The ease of Salmina has brought the need of a resident Italian consul more poignanty before Italians of Ju- neau. as in this case 1t was neces- sary for private individuals to take charge of the locating of his friends and to stand the expense thereof.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

TREADWELL. March 2S.-Mrs. H. p. Chambers. who left here about a a year ago. is a returning passenger on the Spokane Mr. Chambers re turned about two months ago aud is at present employed in one or tne mills in Treadweil.
 Tom Dobson. who has been spend ing the past few days here, left Tor Nugget Creek last night
 Au the exterior work at the new power plant Is completed and the en- tire plant will be finished by the con tractors within a few days.
 X lorge number Of the company em' pioyeos are taking advantage of the opportunity to purchase stock in the Alaska.Juneau company
 F. C. Kjlburn has taken a position as machine man in the Mexican mine
 Charles Price. who has been con fined to his home for the past week su0erlg from blood polsoning' is able to resume is position at the shops.
 Jacl, Wilson has a force of men clearing up the rubbish a, Treadwell and otherwise beauuying the place Mir. Wilson states that he intends planting grass. flowers. trees and shrubbery in all the waste places of TreadwelL
 Herbert Spencer has been appoint cd and commissioned agent for the Pacific Coast Steamship company at Treadwei
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
Not Boom Enouoh

A New Yorker tells Of his sojourn at certain hotel in the Carolina mountains. At about 8 in the morn ming he was aroused from a sound smmber by a knocking on his door. What is it?7 he shouted.
 "Telegram fo' you, boss, replied the darkey on the other side of the door "Will you open the door?"
 The New Yorker was angered by this
 CT win not!' he yelled back Cant you slip it under the door?"
 "No boss" was the response; it's on tray"-Nipplncotts Magazine.)
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
no rgE STRANGER.

You have come to a good town. Her people will lend their aid in mak- ing your stay pleasant.
 We at the Juneau Drug Go. are no exception. As< us all the questions that you care to about the big min. Ing companies, tho glaciers, Che fish ing industry, or any other thing you might be interested in.
 Incidentally we might remark that here ln Juneau you VIII find Alaeka's beot drug store-a modern pharmacy that would do credit to a much larger city.
 aThe Juneau Drug Co., thc Store That Hae What You Want When You Want lt.n Opposite AlaoSan ho- tel, f07 Front st, Phone 25o. We are glad to deliver anything you wlsh free of charge. S-22-2t
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

DOUGLAS. March 2S.-Everything is in readiness for the Eiks Minstrels at the Lyric theatre tonight The tickets have been selling rapidly and a crowded house is expected. The Elk stage hands arc busy today get ting the scenic effects ln shape.
 X largely attended meeting ot the Douglas Island Labor Union was held in their hall last night. X great many important a0airs were discussed.
 4 new dry kiln has been biult at thc plant of the James saw mill com
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
STEAMER DOLPHIN BRINGS
 cANNsRY CREWS NORTH

The steamer Dolphin arrived ID port at 70 o'clock this morning with l25 tons of freight for the channel, mail and 23 passengers. She brought the cannery crew for the Taku HarDor cannery and the crews for five other lcanneries In Southeastern Alaska. The Juneau arrivals were:
 Mrs. V. Ward, F. c. Berger. F. Par sons. Mrs. L Lenkinsin, Miss c. Gus tafson. D. Purdy w. Zurbell, w. Bing- stahler. D. C. Stapledow. Mrs. D. c. stapledow. w R. Nichols N. Olson. F. Montz. J. D. Patrick and nine sec ond class.
 The Dolphin is due southbound to- morrow afternoon.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
DOUGLAS COUNCIL REFUSES
 TO ACCEPT RESIGNATION

DOUGLAS. March 2S.-At meet ing of tho Douglas city council lest night City Marshal w. A. Shafer ten- dered his resignation to the counciL
 The council refused to accept the res ignauon. and exhonorated him in all matters where there has been criti-
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
Wuf

How do you find buslness?" asked the thin man.
 "Rotten.7 replied the iat man. How do you find business%
 Rotten" said tho thin man. What is your line?"
 "I sell church organs,' answered the fat man. What is your line?'
 'T sell suspension bridges" replied the thin man"-(cincInnati Enquir- erl
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

Bound for the Geo. J. James logging camp at Fish bay on the Georgia to- night are: Wm. R. Glenn, Brick Dr. ickson, Bill Keenan and c. Carlson.
 The Georgia tonight is taking three men to the Chicbagof Mining prop erty: Geo. cauch. rom sobol and Joe PerpIeh
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

MILD WHITEHoRsE WEATHER
 Another week of weather as mild as that of the past week will cause most of the snow to "haye went" from the trails of this part Of the country. -(Whitehorse Starr
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
walrEaoRse FLIES FLAG
 or HER COUNTRY

A Union Jack fifteen feet long now floats by special instruction from the Government. over the postcIlice, GUS toms and mining recorders oulialns here. It will continue to ily during the period of the war replacing the llae usually displayed over the GUS toms houses in Canada. lWhite- horse Star)
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
SO wAos rHE WORLD.
lNnm Ynrk World.l

A good many Of the wire entagle- ments that we imagine are ahead or us are mere silver threads or spider webs
 Many a man imagiues himself to be coward until he goes into battle and you don't have to wear uniform to make chat happy discovery!
 Never mind pasting your determin- ations in your hat Spike them m yonr head, so that they'll set into your circulation.
 Avoid saying that theoretically you're this or that, but practically you're the other thing Be what you are BOTH WAYS FROM THE ACE!
 When Happiness comes your way It doesn't merely trickle-it eurges in like great whitecaps of joy leaping on a sunny strand!
 The only good that envy Of the otn- CT fellow can accomplish for.us ia to stimulate us to hit the trail he's talk ingl
 Don't disdain the man who straight ems himself out through an emotional Incentive They're the fellows who are heap more liable to stick than the coldly calculating selfreformers.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
-ArrgNrIoN REsEKAAs.

There will be meeting of Perse verance Lodge. No 2. Rebekahs. at $ D. m.. Wednesday, March 24., at l. O. o. F.. hall Degree work.
 CHAS. W. CARTER, Secy.
 ANNIE KEENY, NC. -l8.29.2tl-
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
MasonIo MeetInn.

DOUGLAS. March % - Notice is hereby given that a regular meeting of Gastineau Lodge No 12l. F. & A. M, Tuesday eve. March 2S, at Odd Fellows han. 8 o'clock Douglas. AL asla. Visiting brothers are cordially invited Work in N M. 3-22-2t.
 JAMES DANIELS, W.M.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
coBs GETS VERDICT.

J. II. Cobb was given a verdict for S750, from the Alaska Gastiueau. at. torney's fees in Q case settled ont of court
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
rRY rHEM-

Goldstein's Emporium has the agency for those famous 0gle eggs- Every one dated and guaranteed-- (2-19-u)
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
NoME ELECTION RgrOsNs.

The certified special election re- turns from the Third division have been received at the Governors oi- eoo ,,,9 oro oe foIiovs
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
sET YOUR MIND AT REST.

There may be nothing wrong with your chiid's eyes and again there may be- We win honestly and competent. ly advise you ii your child needs glass es or not
 For a thoroush authoritative exam inatson we charge Q fee Of two dol. lars. so il is not necessary Go sell a pair Of glasses to get paid for our time. We can refer you to dozens of satisfied patrons in Juneau and Douglas.
 ROBT. SIMPSON. CptD.
 Optometrist.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

WANTED = Governors office, Ju. neau, desires to secure one copy each Of the reports of the Governor of AL asl1a for the years 1884, 1886, 1884, 1888. 1893, 1894, and 1895. One doi- lar will be paid for each report. -(3-2O-St
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

The Empire guarantees its adyer Users the largest circulation of any newspaper 10 Alaska
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
ALASKA GOLD.

NEW YORK. March 2s. - Alaska Gold closed today at 84zs; Utah Cop per- 55H
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR SALEM. D. Berry's entire transfer out it. at bargain. S-16-tf.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR sALE-A-1 proposition want partner, or will selI; profit guaranteed. reply box R, Empire. s-1s-et.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR RENT = Four-room flat with bath; furniture for sale at Q bargain, address e." The Empire. S-22-6t.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR RENT, 9 and room furnished housekeeping suites; reasonable. "rhe cozy corner of Juntau" Cliff Apart ments, near court house. 2-1-1m
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

HOUSES FOR RENT-Eour and five rooms. with concrete basement, one on Kennedy and other on Ninth street, phone s72 2-s-tf
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR RENT-Five rooms and bath, concrete house, phone Ss9. 2-16-tf.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR RBNT-suite of rooms and bath; hot water heat, 326 Second St., phone il. 3-1-tf.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR RENT-House. 5 rooms. bath. phone 22O2. S-20-tf
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR .RENT-Laree nicely furnish ed room. Alaska Steam Laundry. 1O-H
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23
CLOSING NOTICE

Customers wllI kindly take notice that Che Vogue store will ciose on Wednesday March 24. All having un- delivered. orders will please call for same before closing day
 General reductione on all lines be. fore closing date.
 THE VOGUE. S.22.3t Mrs. Alberl Berry, sewardst.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR SALE-Six-room house on good lot; price reasonable. Part terms sS4 E 9th St. s-Sim.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

NIFTY Easter neclcwear. just in. Mrs. M. D. Berry's store. 3rd and Franklin. S-20-tf
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR sALE-Thoroughbred Airedale puppies, 14 weeks old. Very fine spec imens. Apply Empire office ct once. --(2.26.tf.)- J
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

FOR SALE-one extension dining room table and three chairs, $15. Mrs. Thos. Murphy, Douglas. S-23-et
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

oFFIcEs-For rent in Goldstein Bldg. Hot md cold running water in each office; also steam heat Janltor and elevator service. tf.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

SPACE FOR RENT in Brunswick Apply chas. Goldstoin. sas
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

st. Nicholas leaves for Tenakeo and way ports, Tuesdays at 8. a. m. 12-2s-tf
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

Elegant steam-heated front apart ment. Fine view; bath, phone. and light free. Hot water at all houra. Alexander Apts.. phone 22s. 19.tl
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

ROBT. SAMSON. OptD. Optometrist.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

Mrs. AlbeTl 5erry seWards7
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

-S-
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

co9gisas HatscAsiiasr s.slsr
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-03-23

I
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-28

mioglvlnSS' larry
In the course OF
Turkeys partici.
patton Of the war
an attempt wal
made to preach
the dreaded Je-
had. 1t was pre-.
dicted that not
only the Moslems
of Egypt b u
those Of India
would rise and
flock to enroll
themselves under
the Crescent in
holy war. The
Jehad, however,
fell on deaf ears.
Turkeys invasion
Of Egyp: had
been repulsed.
India was secure
in her allegiance.
Russia was hold
ing firm the
passes of the Cau-
easus, Turkey was
Jsquarely cut of
from her Teuton
allies, d the
British feet was
b~attering At the
Dardanelles with
apparent pros.
poets of forcing
the path to Con-
stantinople.
N O q vast
change has taken
place on the great
chess board of
war. The Oar
danelles expedi-
ton spells fail
ure. The Ger
mans. instead of
the English, have
opened the way
to Constantine
pie. It recently
was reported that
the Kaiser-Mu-
hib vi Islam. he
10 to the Turks
was there in per-
son to direct the
invasion o
Egypt. His pres
ence and these
swift changes
cannot help bu,
have stirred the
hearts of all Mos.
lens, and again
there 10 the rum.
bling threat Of
the Jehad. .
This photo
graph was taker
tfo m n ram
parts of the cita'
del At Cairo jus,
before the pro.
cession started
In the ( ar
the weavers who
made the holy
carpet"
t'pN right, iniernatInns
Srwr servire.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-28

~: !:
Once svsey
year pilgrims ct
out from Cairo 70
carry . wonder
fully wrought
carpet to Mecca
and, - often. r.
turn bringing
with them the old
one. made doubly
holy by it, twelve
months in the
Tomb of the
Prophet. The
Khedive sends .
military escort
with the carpet.
and the returning
one il also SINH.
larly guarded.
This year the m.
eient ceremony
takes on IN added
Signifieance
through the world
war. which has
ght the
threat Of IN i'm
jminent Teuton.
Turkish invasion
Of Egypt and
lm~utterings Of q
Jehad. or holy
war.
In days gone
by the voyage Of
the holy carpet
was long and
dangerous and
often the aravan
did not reach it,
destination. for
with the carpet
were gold and
precious stones
sent - offerings.
and the way was
'beset with barba-
rians who knew
nothing Of Mo-
hammedanism and
cared nought for
its great teacher,
the Prophet. The
fierce bands that
roamed the des-
erts fought for
the joy Of fight.
ing and to them
the richly laden
was Z
prise not to b
despised.
To-day. while
the way 10 still
long and tedious
there 10 little
danger from no
mad bands, bu'
this year any
MoSlem ceremon,
that tends to bin
closer the reli
Igionists Of Egyp
with those o
Turkey canno
help but b
viewed by Eng
land and her a
lies with certain
~ =
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-01
TWO AMERICAN SHIPS SEIZED
BY BRITISH

Washington, Nov. THE Amer
lean steamer Llama was seized by a
British prize crew and afterward run
aground off the coast of Scotland
yesterday, according to report to-
day to the state department by the
American consul at Dundee, Scot
land.
No reasons for the seizure of the
vessel were given.
The seizure of another American
vessel, the Hooking, by a British
warship was also reported today to
the state department. American
Consul Young of Halifax wired that
the Hooking was brought into Hall
fax yesterday in command of Brit
ish prize crew, after having been
halted by British warships patrolling
the American coast of New York.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-01

SLUGGER QUESTION IS UP TO
COUNCIL AGAIN TONIGHT
Police committee will again pre-
sent it's resolution in council tonight
demanding that garment makers
ceaseemploying sluggers and private
police.
Council passed this resolution 10
to 1 last Monday, but it was declared
illegal on technically. Police COM
mittee says there will be no change
i nthe resolution, but no technically
loophole tonight.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-01
PUMPKIN PIE!
BY Jim Nance.

by jim Nance.
We appreciate party when
OF Halloween comes round.
The autumn party spirits right
When leaves are on the ground.
We love to gaze on pumpkins,
With bright eyes and fatted cheeks.
For HaIlowe'eny parties bring
Fine pumpkin pies for weeks.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-01

Earliest artillery guns we're made
from wrought iron bars, bound to-
gether like slaves of a cask by the
shrinkage over them of iron hoops.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-01
SAYS POLICE DEPT IS BEING
MADE POLITICAL BODY

Current Events class of the First
Congregational church of Evanston
heard Mayor Thompson's admins
tration assailed by VIM. Hale, presi-
dent of the Civil Service Reform
assn, yesterday. Hale declared that
politics controlled the jobs and told
how the police department was being
converted into a political organiza-
ton.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-01

ties bring crackers? Yes! Huh uh!
TWO SLEUTHS MADE A. RIGHT
QUICK MURDER CLEAN UP
Policemen Ottinger and Daley both
work out" of the Hudson av. sta
ton. They are of the type of men
Chief Schuettler calls natural born
detectives" but he can't, put them
into plain clothes until they pass a
clerical examination which more fits
them for position as bank clerk
than detective sergeant. Both men
passed one of these examinations, but
they are way down on the eligible
list.
Yesterday they cleaned up a MUIR
der in two hours which was pulled off
on Oct 13. Mrs. Elizabeth Wandke
was found slain in her three-room
fiat at 236 w. Schiller. The two pa
trolmen got on the job, investigated
and arrested Harry Unkrey, SO, an
epileptic living at 1907 Sedgwick.
Later Unkrey confessed.
-O-O-
Yes, it's better to have loved and
lost than never to have loved at all"
| Dieter for the taxi driver, the for
list and the candy maker.)
-O-O-
NEW YORK STOCKS. - Bethle-
hem fel loft 25 Market active. Gen
eral list firm.
WEATHER FORECAST
Fair tonight and probably Tuesday;
slightly cooler Tuesday,. moderatei
southwest to west winds. Temper
allure Sunday: Highest, 70; lowest.
so.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-01

NEW YORK STOCKS. - BET
hem fel loft 25. Market active.
eral list firm.
El regidor. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1888-????, 1915-08-25

cha nota. al Sr. Venustiano ca
''ranza, Primer Jefe del Rjercito
Constitucionalista y dcpositarlo
del poarr Executive de Mexico,
cnya dcsci6n sesd sostenida por
81 pueblo mexicano y cI Ej6rcito
Constitucionalista.n =
TEL Sr. Gral. Elias Gales, aue
viene hacienda una campaf1a, que
mucho 10 onaltece, en- el Estado
de Sonora, ha contestado la no.
ta Pan-Americana, en- los siguien- j
tes terminus Que rcvclan en- aqucl
soldado ana discipline militar adj
mirable. Dice asi:
"Refiritndome 4 su estimada nc
ta <le hoy, Ell la que por instrno-
clones de su go5iero, Sc sirve tras-
mitIrme ana nota de Agosto II,
snbscripta por al Secretario de
Estado dc los Estados Unidos Y
los Enbaiadores extra0rdinarios
Y plenipotonciarios de Argentina,
Chile Y hIazir V los enviados cx-
traordinarios y Ministries Plenipo
tenciarioS de Bolivia. Uruguay Y
Guatem0la. rplativa Il los asuntos
de M6xico, tcngo el honor de ma
nifestar que di,ha nota scra
contestadA por q Primer Jcfc del
Ejercito Constitucionalista, En-
cargado del Podcr Executive De
la Naci6n, 6. Venustiano Carran-
IA, y 10 Que cl citado Jefc de IA
Naci6n dccida Scra sostonido por
todo cl Ejtrcito Constituciona,-
lista y poI 81 pueblo Mcxicano.' -