davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
THE AGE OF MAMMOTH GAVE
Estimated At Something Less Than
Million Years-How II Was
Found.

Doubtless everyone in this country
who can read knows something of the
Mammoth Cave of Kentucky. On the
other hand. there may be quite a
number who know very little about
how this and other similar caves were
formed, how old the Mammoth Cave
probably is what service IL performed
for the youthful Government of the
United States during the War OF 1912.
and various other interesting features
connected with this greatest OF all
known caverns of the world, brought
out in an article in the September
number of the Bulletin of the Pan
From time inmemoriar'-to quote
from the Bulletins article-"caves
have been objects Of interest to man
kind. Around them have clustered
legend and superstition, in them men
have found habitatiOns for the living
refugees for the pursued, secret tenn
pies for the practice of their religious
rites, and mausoleums for their dead.
In ancient days they were the abOdes
of SYPHILIS and nymphs of Roman myth
ology; in Greece they became the tenn
Piles for the worship of Zeus, Pan
DiOnysus, and Pluto, as well as the
homes of the oracles of Delphi, Cor
NTH, and Mount Citheron; in Persia
they were connected with the worship
of Mithras, and in more modern times
popular fancy in Europe peopled the
fairies, nd evil spirits galore"
But after all. caves are but the re-
suits of perfectly natural forces work
ing beneath the surface Of the eartf
just as they do upon its face, and fol
the sake of convenience may be di.
vided into three classes: Cd Those
formed by the action Of currents, tbs
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
TRICKS GENEROUS RESPONSE.

Too much credit cannot be given to
H. c. Prick, the Pittsburg steel mag
nate, who, upon hearing of the clos
ing of the Pittsburg Bank for Saw
fngs in which the school children of
that city to the number of over 10000
had deposited their pennies in re-
spouse to the movement for thrift,
made arrangements to have the depos-
its of the children paid them at the
very earliest moment through other
institutions, the expense of which
would be borne by him.
The action is in accord with the
step taken by the Norwich Savings So
c1ety number of months ago when.
through the generosity of certain of
Its officials, the deposits of school chill
dren who had been interested in 2
similar system of saving in an
other institute, only 20 have
them tied up by receivership. were
made good to them, either in the form
of new accounts or in cash.
Such acts cannot fail to win wide
spread approval and commendation
They recognize the need of oyercon
ing the wrong impression which tho
closing Of banking institutions con-
,Veys to children and the detrimental
eject which it is bound to have upor
eha important principle of systematic
Gazing as we'll as the distrust and Iacl
of confidence which is likely to pre-.
vail throughout their entire lives a:
the result CT acts which they are no
able to understand.
Thrift and the Importance of max
ing provisions for the future ar,
things which every school child should
be taught but the lessons lose thei
.Value IL when they are put into actua
use the money which they have man
aged to save is only returned to then
in part. Mr.. Frfck in providing tn
money to see that they get the S17O,
900 or more that is due the Pittsbury
children has quickly recognized tn
need of the situation and its impor
lance to the future,
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
FROM LUCH.E'S DIARY

Naturally, I became more and more
disturbed by the mysterious noises,
which now felt sure were in the
house.
1 switched on the light in the dining
room and kitchen, but saw nothing
unusual. Then l listened at the door
of the cellar, and knew at once that
the noises came from there. turned
against 1t. / decided to stick to my
post and telephone Harry
Come quick" l said as soon as I
got him on the wire. There's a man
in the house. 1 have him locked I'M"
and FIVE other men arrived. having
jumped from the bridge tables into a
'where is he?" gasped Harry.
"In the cellar
In the cellar! Then Sir Nigel
must have got him all right"
had forgotten all about Marie's
handsome st. Bernard, which she had
told me slept in the cellar.
Harry opened the door. His friends
were all behind him, two with cooked
pistols. and they advanced down the
stairs into the electric lighted cellar.
The dog, with a bark of welcome,
leaped on to Harry and then ran into
the corner and proudly lifted dead
rat.
and the men all laughed.
1 did not see much humor in the
situation, for l had suffered as keen
| ly as if there really had been an in
| truder in the house. Marie and the
other women came bursting in just as
we all came up from the cellar, and
| when she found that there had been
| no househreak she began to cry hys-
terically and Harry petted and sooth-
| ed her quite as if there had been
something real to cry about.
Wont you come back and finish
| the gamer" asked the man at whose
| house the party was.
"Oh, no, 1 couldn't; I'm too upset."
| answered Marie, and 1 fancied that
| she look at me reproachfully.
| At breakfast the next morning she
| complained of a headache and said
| that the nervous excitement had KEEP
! her from sleeping. She was so dull
and depressing that 1 decided to &C
! home. She and Mary accepted my
rather flimsy excuses for running
] away without making any difficulties
| Harry said he was going to take the
| Saturday off from work. but he in.
sisted upon lending me his communal
| ton ticket, and he put me on the
| train.
| As 1 waved goodbye to him
| thought what martyrs some men ART
| to their nervous wives!-ChicagC
| News.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

for the national treasury faces a de-
felt and the present Congress has be-
fore IT the problem of preparedness
for whI-h it must find the means. 1t
is in this connection that Representa-
tive Freer1an's bill should command
consideration. New London harbor is.
wien in Proper condition. one of the
best on the coast and up above the
harbor. north of the railroad bridge
and not far from the raCe-traCk of the
university boats, the government has
naval station. Here, in safe waters,
the american ships lay when the Bri-
tisn were off the coast, took Fort Girls
world and burned New London. Here
it is proposed to establish a safe har-
Dor for our smaller warships, sub
marines, etc, near to the station
where repairs can be attended to.and
their other wants supplied.-Bridge-
port Standard
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
Stories of the War
Most Popular Town In France.

Most Popular own IN France.
The most popular town in France.
so far as the opinion of the British
soldier goes, is Bethune. Located not
far behind the lines, 1t has become
the great pleasure resort for officers
and soldiers who can get only a day
or two of leave.
Bethune escaped the horrors of actual
warfare in the early days of the
fighting across France, although a
small body of German troops actually
entered the town on one occasion. In
the months that followed. the sound
of the guns was frequently heard, and
occasionally shells fell within the mu-
nicipal limits, but never with serious
results.
The town centers around a hill and
a square, from which radiate a few
narrow streets and boulevards. AT
the foot of the hill runs the now IA
nous La Bassee canal. Around the
square there are bright shops, cheer
full cafes. picturesque restaurants
and amiable rustic population,-all OF
which will be remembered with ten
der feelings by thousands OF British
soldiers who have spent days OF conf
parative ease and luxury there.
The needs of the soldier are few
and his pleasures simple. Bethune
supplies all he wants. 1t has good
lodging places. capable BARRIERS. and
warm baths for which the man from
the trenches especially longs. There
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

force of waves, and the grinding Of
shingle against a cliff on a rocky sea
coast, which forces gradually hollow
out caves In the weaker places. OF
which those found near Bar Haroor.
Maine, may serve as examples; I'd
those found in volcanic regions, form
ed by the subterranean flow of lava,
or by the expansion Of steam ana
gases, such as those in the klamath
Lake region in Oregon which are so
large that they often served as ef-
fectual hiding places for the Indians
in the early days Of the conquest Of
the West: and CD those which have
been cut out Of calcareous rocks by
the chemical action of carbOnic acid
in rain water. combined with the me
chanical friction Of the sand and
stones set in forcible motion by the
streams OF water which have flowed
through them for ages. These last
are the most numerous and most i'm
portant in size, and II IS IL this class
that Mammoth Cave belongs
As most people know. the cave Is
in Edmouson County, Kentucky. about
| So miles southwest Of Louisville. and
not far from Green River, into which
the caves subterranean waters empty
This section Of Kentucky, where may
be found limestone beds frequently
reaching a thickness Of 500 feet is
noted for it's rocky grOttoes, sink
| holes, and cayerns. The rocks in the
vicinity of Mammoth Cave give evil
dence of but little disturbance by the
/ dynamic forces of past ages. II is
| such areas of limestone deposits, with
| comparatively level strata and To-
Gated somewhat above drainage lew
| ell, with small crevices or joints, that
! furnish the conditions for the foTma-
] ton of underground passageways and
! chambers by the chemical and me-
| Chanical agency Of underground wa
| ters.
From a geological viewpoint Man,
/ moth Cave is of comparatively recent
| origin. its formation having begun
| something less than 100000 years
| ago, in the Pliocene age The cave
action began after Green River had cut
| its channel down into the limestone
stratum which underlies this section.
! The rain water, with its carbonic acid
content, seemed through the overly
/ ing earth and passing into and
| through the crevices and joints of the
| stone. at that time above the level OF
| the river, began the work of solution
| and erosion. These underground
waters gathered along the planes OF
| least resistance, and as the crevices
/ grew in size more and more of the sur
/ face water was drained into them
and as Green River cut its bed deep
er into the limestone underiay the
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
cHrNA's REVOLUTION.

Revolutions in China are by no
means a novelty. They have occurred
top often to have the present one
viewed in such a manner but the up
yistnss which have taken place in a
number Of the provinces only point
out the unsteadiness Of that great
country and the tremendous task that
lies before Yuan Shi Kai before he can
l'eestablish peace under monarchical
form Of government
It was only o short time ago that
q general election declared for the re-
inuncfation Of the republican govern
ment and the return to the monarchy.
There were provinces then which op-
posed such a move and it is this cp-
position which has now developed into
g revolution. not only have the coun-
try's troops in those provinces Joined
the revolt, but others which have been
STlexsd to suppress it have aligned
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

themselves with the cause until what
might at first seem an Insignificant
outbreak has taken on the appearance
of a serious one.
What the outcome will be no one
can tell. The sources Of information
are such that 1t is difficult to reach
a conclusion, but II it amounts to
what Is now indicated much bloodshed
is portended in the far east, for that
country is thiekly populated and in
ternal trouble Of the character OF the
present revolt means the waste Of a
great many lives, as the great Tai
Ping rebellion in the last century
which lasted a generation and cost
as estimated forty million lives plain
ly indicates.
Even though a large part OF the
world is now engaged in colossal
war, it will be impossible to overlook
the possibilities of the open revolt
which has broken out in the Chinese
provinces
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
LLoYD-eEoReEs ADDRESS.

When Lloyd George, British minister
of munitions. spoke to the trade union
meeting at Glasgow on Christmas he
hit out straight from the shoulder and
if the manner in which his speech was
received is any basis for judgment he
made a profound impression. It must
be apparent to every British son if
he gives the matter proper thought
and views it from a patriotic stand
point, that it is filed with the sound
est of common sense and if such con-
sideration has not been given to it it
is time that II was
AS the minister who is being talked
Of SO extensively for premier SAYS of
the situation which Great Britain
faces: This is not a passing shower
1t is the deluge. 1t is a CONFUSION
Of nature. It is cyclone which is
tearing up by the roots the ornamental
plants of modern society and wreck
ing some Of the fiimsy trestIe bridges
of modern civilization. 1t is an earth
quake which is up1eaving the very
rocks Of European life: it is one of
the seismic disturbances in which ma
tons leap forward or fall backward
generations in 2 single bound. All
this chattering about relaxing a rule
or suspending a custom is out of place.
You cannot haggle with an earth
quake"
David LIoyd-George has been en-
deavoring for months to bring before
the labor unions of his country the
plain fact that they must make Is
great a sacrifice as those who have
gone into the army. It is a time when
the future Of the nation is at stake,
time when there can be no bag
Cling over things Of lesser Importance
II successful fight is going to be
made. His talk was plain and to the
point and it ought to bring results.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
THE WAR PRIMER
By National Geographic Society

"San Giovanni di Medua, the gate
way to Northern Albania, is a sea-
port by courtesy of geographers. 1t
is merely a curve in a low, sandy
shore, and in itself, suggests no rea-
son why any vessel should ever touch
at such a place. However, at the be-
ginning of 1913, Albania, hitherto I'M
known, found itself grown famous
over night as a founding State of
the European Great Powers, and San
Giovanni di Medua shared in the
fame. At this point in the world-war
Medu bids fair to add materially to
it's Importance by having a business
thrust upon 1t SURPRISING that of its
1000 years of sleepy desolation.''
Thus begins a primer on war geo
graphy issued today by the National
Geographic Society, which describes
the strategic entrance into Northern
Albania, and Montenegro, a port
which, in view Of reports. may soon
be used as giving the most direct line
of communication with the Monene-
grin and Servian fronts. With $4,000
Servians warning on the Servian-Al
bantam border and with the Monten-
egrins heavily engaged on every front
both entirely dependent now on
their Allies for materials, it is most
probable that, whether Allied troops
land here or not, San Giovanni di
Medu will blossom under an I'M
dreamed of rush Of business, handling
munitions and food supplies. The
primer continues:
Despite its unimpressive appear
| ance, Medua has been convicted by
Servia and Montenegro, both of which
| countries demanded 1t as a prize won
| in the war of the Balkan league. The
port lies at the head of a wide bay
| formed by the estuar1es Of the River
| Drin. A range of frayed, unkempt
| diSnirifa1
| ana to Alessie, constitutes the back
| ground. To the south. lies mel
ancholy waste of swampland, which
reaches out so gradually toward the
sea that there is no line of denmark
alton between land and salt water.
There are no harbor works, piers
| wharves, warehouses or docks at Me.
dua. A line of stones piled into the
sea has served the ports full purpose
| for many a year. The shore shelve:
gently out. and the bay is very shall.
low. Landings of travellers and
| days before the war when the steam,
ers of the Austrian Lloyd called here
| Boatmen, like opera-bouffe brigands
animated arsenals and true Albarians
| served the places traffic.
| From Medua the road runs t
| Scutair or Scodra as the natives cal
it, the Albanian capital. It, like tn,
port. is recognized only by courtesy
its principal property Of being q roaC
is that of direction. For q short dis
lance out of the port, and, at the othe
end, for a short distance out of SEQ
dra, a roadway is apparent. In be
tween. however, lies the uneven Fad
rina plain, the crossing of which 1
complicated in all by dry weather, b.
the inconsistent wanderings of tn
Drin River.
'Medua could be made into a sea
port of some Importance; and its US
by the Allies might bring a blessing Il
disguise, a blessing of the nature o
army engineers, q nucleus Of harbor
works, and the beginnings of a SCUM,
roadway to the ancient capital"
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
GoBERNoR HANNA
LEAVES PEACE PARTY
10 Said to Be Very 10, Probably with
Typhoid.

London. Dec. IS p. m.-Governor
L. r. Hanna of North Dakota, has Of
ficialIy severed his connection with the
Ford expedition. according to a des-
patch TO the Exchange Telegraph COM
pany from Copenhagen. The despatch
adds that Governor Hanna IS very
i'll. probably with typhoid
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
CREW DRiFTED ABOUT
IN TERRIFIC WEATHER.
After Swedish Steamer Nereu Was
Sunk Christmas Day.

London, Dec. 20. 40 p. m. The
Swedish steamer Nereu. OF 1929 tons
gross. was sunk in the North sea on
Christmas day. The crew drifted
about in two boats in terrific weather
until Monday. when they were picked
Up.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

Many are declaring that Mr.. Roose-
welt would not accept another nom
nation, but there is only one person
who by a clear and emphatic state
ment without string to 1t can make
that certain and such a declaration
he's not been made.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

Hot Springs is a great honeymoon
spot, but it never got such advertis-
ing as it has during the past ten DAYS
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

That rolls are being taken to Vienna
Is as astonishing as it would be for
coal to be taken TO Newcastle.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

The fact that the price of gasoline
looks like thirty cents for the future
will not be viewed as a joke on the
part of the users.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

Now that it has been learned that
Mrs. Wilson is an enthusiastic golfer
the sport is bound to become more
popular than ever.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

Farseeing was the holiday shopper
who gave consideration to adequate
preparedness for the time when the
mfd-winter sales open I'D.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

In the release Of General De Wet
It is recognized in the South African
republic and England that there are
times when leniency has its merits.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

The man on the corner says: Be
fore condemning the whole world and
the people in it a person should have
his own liver examined.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

Even though business is reported as
picking up 1t isn't preventing some Of
the highly financed railroads from go
ing into the hands of receivers.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

Even though King Peter has been
forced to go to Italy he has not given
up hope that 1t will be possible to
find Servia on the map in the future.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

This is the period when the Christ
mas toys are beginning to show the
need of being repaired or replenished
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

The time is brief In which to give
the proper amount OF thought to the
New Year resolutions, even though
they may be for a day only.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
EDITORIAL NOTES

The combination Of cold snaps and
thaws only adds to the number of
thin ice victims.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
What We Mad.

Nobody disputes that the United
States Navy is a good one. But We
need more Of the same kind.-Provi-
dence Journal
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29
The War a Year Ago Today
Dec. %, 1914.

Dec. %, 1914.
Germans REINFORCED their line
in Belgium.
SAGE.
Germans repuIsed French at
tacks on Sennheim.
Russians declared German sd-
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-29

passbook no. 1O92o5 Of The Norwich
Savings Society. All persons are eau
toned against purchasing or negotiat-
ing the same. and any person having a
claim to said book is hereby called
upon to present said claim to said bank
on or before the 2lst day of June, 1915,
or submit to having the book declared
cancelled and eXunguished and q new
book Issued in lieu thereof or the
amount due thereon paid. dec22W
New Britain herald., 1915-08-31
WILDERNESS BECOMES CITY.
Anchorage, Alaska, Population Be-
 comes 5000 in Six Months.

Washington, Aug. 31.-Growth of the new Alaskan railroad construction terminus at Anchorage, Alaska, from wilderness six months ago to a city or o'ooO population today with big government realty transactions to take care of the influx of people is told In telegraphic reports to the in- terior department
 Commissioner Tallmon of the gen. eral land office, received a message from Chief Field Agent Christensen saying that in addition to a recent sale or six hundred lots on government domain at Anchorage at a total price Of $145,O00, 1S0 more lots were sold Saturday at total of $23,000. The site is one of the termini of the new government railroad from Seward to Fairbanks, for which congress already has appropriated $1,000,000 out of g prospective outlay of $35,000,000.
New Britain herald., 1915-08-31
REFUGEES FROM SYRIA

Paris, Aug. 31, 11:45 a. m.-The United States scout ship Chester has arrived at Canea, Crete, with 470 refugees expelled from Beirut, Syria, by the Turks, according to a Havas despatch from Athens. The refugees include citizens of all the quadruple entente powers, as well as of several other nations. The Chester will re- turn soon to Beirut for another ship load of Europeans who have been or dered out of Turkey. Another Amer ican warship is expected at Canea with refugees from AleXandretta, Asiatic Turkey.
New Britain herald., 1915-08-31
BRITAIN RAPS PRIZE
 COURT 0F GERMANY
Distinction Between Absolute and
 Conditional COntraband Abolished

London, Aug 31.-The British for aign office last night issued the fol- lowing statement:
 Judgments recently have been de- livered by the German prize court at Hamburg in the cases of the steam ships Maria and Batavier V. The Maria, a Dutch vessel, was carrying a cargo of wheat shipped from Port land, Oregon, to Belfast and Dublin. She was captured and sunk by the Karlsruhe Ca German cruiser) in the Atlantic on September 21. The Bata- vier V was a Dutch vessel, bound for London, was captured in the North Sea on March IS and taken to Zee- hrugge on suspicion of carrying con- traband.
 Indemnity Payment Refused.
 ''The sinking of the Maria was jus tifed by the German prize court on the ground, that having regard for the place of capture, the commander of the Karlsruhe was unable to take the vessel into a German port or to a port Of an allied power and so acted pur- suant to article 113 of the German naval prize regulation. This was said rot to require any further explanation and payment of indemnity to the owner was TefuSeO.
 "The judgments show that in con- sidering the question of destination of conditional contraband the German prize court held that it is to be guided by a communication of the chief of the general staff of the navy, ad- dressed to the court August IT, 1914, concerning ports to be regarded as : fortified places or as bases of opera +iops and sI1ppIv for the British armed forces in Great Britain, issued by 'su- nreme commando AS the court in other cases held that such places as 1pswich. Poole, Barrow-iin-Furness : and Grangemouth are bases or forti- fled places, it may be inferred that these also are included in the list re- ferred to.
 Most Rigorous Conditions.
 "In order to rebut the presumption thus set up that conditional contra band destined for such places is in tended for military and not for civil use the court held that counter-prOof must satisfy the most rigorous condi- ton. It would only be possible to fur nish it in rare cases. With regard to the cargo of wheat aboard the Maria they held that there was no means of ascertaining with the least certainty what use the wheat would have been mt to at the arrival of the vessel at Belfast and whether the British gov ernment would not come upon the ; scene as purchaser.
 .The effect of these decisions ap- mars to be to abolish in practice the distinction between absolute and con- d!tional contraband of war;"