davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01
POOL AND BuL1AI2pR.o

being used only to catch the eye and
make the number of customers easier to
read.
When the cooperative buying was in
it's swaddling clothes this map was
watched with keen interest by the
officers of the club. but they are used
to the big pfncushion now and take it
as a matter of course that it is pretty
full.
When eggs sold in Washington last
winter for 60 cents a dozen and the CO.
operative buyers had them delivered at
the door for 35 cents, glass headed pins
bobbed up all over the map.
Enough money was saved on the pur-
chase of coal for the club last winter
to pay for the automobile, while each
member of the club who patronized CO.
operative buying saved enough on this
commodity to pay all his club dues and
good deal more besides. Ice tickets
bought from A dealer by the thousand
consumers reduces the price of that
commodity just 10 per cent and adds
joy to the season.
Butter, eggs. coal and ice were all
good in their way, but what about such
staple articles as tea, coffee, hams,
bacon, maple sugar and one or two
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

wives and make good his promise in
every case. One might think the social
life of the club would preclude com
plants, but the cooperative buying fea-
ture is business one. true and simple,
and any customer has a perfect right to
kick" just as much though she
had bought her marketing over a counter
in a Washington store
And she claims the right. too. And
Mr.. Weston actually urges kicking" as
feature to develop to perfection his
idea of cooperative buying.
X
The thousand or more cooperative
buyers are spread all over the ten miles
square of the District of Columbia, and
includes Chevy Chase. Takoma Park and
points over the District line. AS an ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

that Withdrawn by the SUBJECT, ana LOT
carrying from the chamber and meas
uring the amount of the heat liberated
by the subject as a result OF muscular
work. either internal or external,
which has been performed.
Convenient arrangements are made
for supplying the subject with food
and for determining body temperature,
respiratory movements and other SIM
liar factors should the experimental
conditions necessitate such measure
ments. The apparatus is complicated
and the experimental data recorded
highly technical.
The photograph shows the respiration
calorimeter and accessory apparatus
during an experiment. The observer.
who reads the galvanometer. regulates
the temperature of the outer metal
wall of the respiration chamber and
attends to other experimental details,
sits at the "observer's table" on the
observation platform"
The window door. through which the
subject enters the respiration chamber,
may be noted in the calorimeter wall
at the left and behind the observer;
and near the observer and close to the
outer walls of the calorimeter may be
seen the numerous pipes which carry
the respiration chamber, and those
which convey the water current which
takes up the heat generated in the
chamber and carries it out.
h
In front of the observer on the hang
ing support is the galvanometer, which
is used in obtaining data for regu-
lating the temperature of the calori-
meter walls and for reading the cleo
trical thermometers. giving the tenn
perature of the interior of the cha mber
At the left of the picture may be seen
one of the experimenters, who is stand
ing near the air lock in one of the
end walls of the apparatus, through
which food in glass jars or other suit
able receptacles is passed to the sub
ject in the chamber.
At the left of the picture and behind
the observers platform may be noted
the large cylindrical cortainer In
which the water Is collected which
carries out heat (energy) liberated in
the respiration chamber by the sub
ject. 1t stands on scales in order tina,
the amount of water may be convent
entity weighed and provided with ap.
pliances by which it may be emptieC
as occasion requires.
At the right of the picture and IL
front of the observer may be seen tn,
absorption table" with two shelves
On this table are placed the blower
which forces the ventilating air cur
rent through the chamber, the ap
paratus for removing carbon dioxit
and water from the outgoing air cur
rent. the device for adding oxygen t.
the ventilating air current. and othe
devices which have to do with the in
going and outgoing air current.
The young woman who was engaged
as the subject" for the household tasl
tests spent her time IN the respiration
chamber. which is metal-walled, ant
six and one-half feet long, six and one
half feet high and four feet wide. Thu
chamber has double walls, the inne
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01
Off His Guard.

4 DETECTIVE, in Y. NJ c. A. lee
A ture in Duluth on crime detection
said:
THE criminal can't be always on his
guard, Of course. We'll, when he's on his
guard, then he gives himself away, like
the bank clerk, you know.
"A bank clerk was having his fortune
told at a church fair The pretty fortune
teller. holding the young mans hand in
hers, said: -
beware of a dark woman
".BIack Maria - Easped the bank clerk,
and he turned as pale as death"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

was 1871 per cent in one case. The
averages of the separate tests with the
different individuals ranged from 2O.7
to 21.6 per cent, and the general aver
age for all the tests was 20.S per cent.
While there were some differences
in individuals with respect to this fac
tor the agreement in all cases was
sufficient to warrant the assumption
that the efficiency of the average man
performing muscular work is 20 per
cent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

ance coils joined in series being dis
tributed on the walls of the chamber
in such way as to indicate tho aver
age temperature conditions
Surrounding the copper wall of the
chamber, and about three inches away
from 1t, is a parallel wall of zinc If
the temperature of the zinc wall is kept
the same as that of the copper wall,
there will be no passage of heat
through the walls of the chamber in
either direction. In order to accom-
plish this, outside of the zinc wall, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

ample of how the money of the club is
conserved it should be stated that the
gray automobile carries only District
of Columbia license. and the delivery
scoots over the Maryland line, leaving
the machine still in the limit of the ten
miles square. thus saving the cost of a
Maryland license.
To expedite this delivery the chauffeur
has studied with minute care the large
map which hangs in the office of the
manager. 1t represents the city of
Washington and it's environs, and the
number of customers within certain
radius is denoted by brass headed pins.
just to make them conspicuous. This
big commercial pincushion bears large
bunch of bluepins for one district,
yellow pins for another, green for an
other, etc. the various rainbow tints
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

lating the temperature of the water
that flows through the heat absorber
and the rate at which 1t flows. the alb
sorption and removal of heat from the
RESPIRATION chamber may be controlled
to such an extent as to maintain a con-
slant temperature OF the air in the
cha mber
The air of the chamber is constantly
stirred by a small electric fan to equal
ize it's temperature. To determine the
temperature of the air, electric resist
ance thermometers are used, six resist
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

one copper and the outer one zinc.
Though rather small. as necessary for
experimental purposes, the chamber
was nevertheless large enough for her
to be comforta BILE, even during this eX-
pertinent, which covered several conse-
cutive days.
An opening in the side closed by
plateglass sealed in place during the
experiment served the door and win
dow, admitting ample light for reading
and writing. Another opening, with
trap on each end, was used to pass ar
ticles into or out of the chamber.
are metal hooks for clothing and metal
shelves for books, food receptacles and
similar articles. The furniture. which
varies somewhat with the nature of the
and a cot, and when the subject is to
perform muscular work special form
of ergometer.
telephone is provided for communi-
cation between the subject inside and
the Investigator outside the apparatus.
In fact, every effort is made to pro-
vide for the comfort of the subject un-
der the experimental conditions. In Or
paratus. In fact. every effort Is made
to provide for the comfort of the sub
ject under the experimental conditions,
in order to prevent the soJourn In the
apparatus from becoming too irksome.
While the young woman aiding in the
experiment was comfortable and con-
tented, it was rather a strange sight to
peer in the tiny window of the boxlike
Enclosure and watch her calmly en-
broidering, or knitting while the
strange machinery on the outside was
registering the number of calor1es the
total heat production averaged per
hour.
The metal walls of the chamber are
alright. That the air of the chamber
may be continually changed, 1t is
drawn out through a pipe at one end
and returned through a pipe In the
other end, a circulation of seventy five
liters per minute being maintained by
means of an electrically drived blower.
The air coming from the chamber is
passed through purifiers to remove the
moisture and carbon dioxid given off
by the subject. while to the air return
ing to the chamber Is added oxygen to
replace that used by the subject.
The heat given off by the subject
within the chamber is removed by a
current of cold water passing through
a small brass pipe suspended near the
chamber ceiling. the heat-absorbing
area of the pipe being increased by
copper disks soldered to it. By regu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

copper wall is ascertained. In con-
nection with the Investigations with
this apparatus it is essential to know
whether the body temperature Of the
subject has increa sed or decreased dur
ing the experimental period.
In some tests the temperature of the
body is ascertained by means of a
clinical thermometer inserted under the
tongue or in the armpits, but preference
eters. one form of which may be at
tached to the surface of the body.
which, connected with a temperature
indicating device read bv the investi-
gator. furnish a record OF body tenn
peratureS accurate to One-hundredth
of a degree.
In investigations conducted with the
respiration calorimeter at the Depart
ment of Agriculture the experiments
are made with normal subjects in good
health and under controlled conditions
with respect to diet. muscular actlVlty
and other factors pertaining to the
question studied. A given experiment,
according to it's nature. may continue
from a few hours to several days.
With the respiration calorimeter ana
accessory chemical and physical APP
paratus, the complete intake OF chem-
zeal elements and energy in food, drink
and air, and the complete output OF ele
ments and energy in gaseous, nquid
and solid excretory products by the
body may be ascertalned.
Proper consideration of this data
shows whether the body has gained or
lost material, or has produced more
energy than it has received under the
conditions, and from tnese
and other observed facts. conclusions
can be drawn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

the Department Agriculture Attempting Discover Just How Much
Energy Household Wo-The
ectHow Machine and What Has Already Been Aeraed Full Results
Housewives All Over the Will Learn
gFactsAb Methods of Daily Household Duties.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01


M ~ III Q
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Do 1oI MO01n - HOW
tho r nfarr9r1c0 1c Man
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oCnen0e
HHN PEC1Al1ZE. get Your money
OOS in advance and cut the cor
ners on handling. is the only
way to conduct cooperative
/, buying to a successful end is the adj
vice of the man who buys certain
products of the farm and staple gro
ceries for more than a thousand gov
eminent clerks. and thereby cuts the
cost of living for each family from SIS
to s25 a month
There is a tense interest all over the
country in the subject of cutting the
cost of living and while housewives
read with keen interest stories of how
., ;s aona sr,au cornar ~ +ha ,-or,,
10 -. 'e
ihe machinery OF the Chiteo states
government sits quietly back and
through sensible experiment has
solved tho nroh,em
- f,a.,, mn ..-ooo
SaNl"s OF from sl'''Vo TO sz'.'eo
month on the cost OF living to thou
sand of the eighteen hundred members
of a single club sounds exaeeerated
.ad ,at :, is heina dona ~. ~, -
h"i
oe' oi the erhpioses OIL Uncle sam
::
Co-operatiye buyine save tho small
,,.-,an, i; NJ tnn; -,
- 10 ~" 's 'Ae "hoie
mercantile "orld INTO grand whole
sale business, with the small merchant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

The kind and the amount or 1000
eaten by the subject is an important
factor in many of the tests made with
this interesting calorimeter The source
of the mower obtained from an engine
is the fuel burned under its boiler,
and in the same way the source OF
energy which the body uses for work
of all sorts is found in the food con-
sumed. The problem of determining
the efficiency of an engine-that u.s.
how much of the theoretical energy
OF the fuel is available for mechanical
works. a matter of great importance
1t is equally interesting to ascertain
the efficiency of the living engine
the body-and to ascertain the extent
to which it converts the energy of food
into effective muscular work. This
problem was studied with the respira-
ton calorimeter in the recent 1nVesti-
cations made as to the energy eXpend-
ed by women in their household tasks.
One piece of apparatus used in con-
nection with the respiration calorim-
eter is known as the bicycle ergom-
eter, because it is built somewhat
like a bicycle, to utilize the powerful
leg muscles, and because by its use
the activity of the subject may be con-
trolled and very accurate measure
he obtained of the amount of muscular
work actually performed. From the
data for heat production thus obtained
the efficiency of the subject may be
ascertained.
In thirty tests with Ave different sub
jects made some time ago the efficiency
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

about one and one-half inches from it.
is a covering of cork board one and
one-half inches thick.
BY means of electrical resistance COILS
attached in close thermal contact with
the copper at different points withih
the chamber and connected with a TEN
perat hae t dev,es Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

that withdrawn by the subject, and for
carrying from the chamber and meas
uring the amount of the heat liberated
by the subject as a result of muscular
work, either internal or external,
which has been performed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-01

EIO determine the amount of en-
ergy expended by woman
while performing her household
q tasks q number of uuinue
The Delta independent., 1915-04-30

inery aggregates a weight of about
12O tons. The machinery and casing
is now all in but a few carloads. As
soon as little road work has been
done, the work of moving the plant
out to the prospecting field, distance
of some eight or nine miles, will be-
gin.
In the section to be tried there is
a heavy seepage flow of natural gas,
escaping mainly through bed of sur
es of gas pipe have been stuck down
to a depth of no more than four
feet, yet from any of these the gas
can be lighted and will throw up a
than the end of the pipe.
This flame will burn steadily until
extinguished
The first hole will be put down at
a distance of fourth or a half mile
from the gas vent. following the nat
ural dip of the formation, this being
considered advisable in search of
greater bodies with heavier pressure.
Here the surface shales all show oil
and those engaging IN prospecting
feel confident that they will find oil
or gas in quantity, or both.
Hotchkiss is also busy with anoth-
er important enterprise, that of es-
tablishing creamery, the plans for
which are getting nicely under way.
Paonia, Next on Seribe's Itinerary
From Hotchkiss the scribe wend-
ed his way Monday to Paonia, the
jewel city in orchard setting.
Paonia people, like those of the bal
ance of the county, are perked up
over the general outlook. The orch
ards are nicely in bloom and the feel
ing is strong that we are going to get
through without frost. This will in
sure the fruit crop, and along with
this more attention than heretofore
is being given to other crops and to
stock
Paonia is one of the prettiest little
The Delta independent., 1915-04-30
Cost Of the War .

Accurate news from the front in
Europe is obtained with difficulty, but
some that is mathematically exact
comes from the rear. Premier AS
quith estimates that England is spend
ing s10000,00O day for military pur-
poses. II is probable that the present
expenditures of all the nations OF Eu-
rope on their armies and navies
amounts to s5O,O0O,OOO day or 81
900, 100000 every twenty days. So one
of the problems of the conflict, If 1t
lasts another year. is to find in the
war chests nearly 10000 200, 900 to pay
The Delta independent., 1915-04-30
!. D. VanVolkenburgh.

for varied and wonderful production.
And this is not all. Coal is near by
for the mining, there is abundance
of good water and there is, it is be-
lieved, oil and gas.
In company with Mr.. Geo. NJ. Duke,
we strolled to a great pile of mach.
inery near a railroad siding, part of
the huge drilling plant being shipped
in for the purpose of drilling for oil.
There are heavy boilers and heavy
timbers, mile or more of casing,
derrick, drills, ropes and cables, and
fishing tools-all the paraphernalia
necessary to sink prospect wells to
depth of five thousand feet or more,
if such deep drilling should be found
necessary.
The entire plant of drilling mach
The Delta independent., 1915-04-30

the bills for the next twelve months.
II would take the world at the pres
ent yield nearly half a century
to extract that much gold
from the earth. Where is the money
to come from for the gigantic struggle
II long continued? The question will
be pressed home by the course of
events, and statesmen OF foresight and
practical judgment will not view 1t as
a secondary matter. The bourses have
an impersonal way of impressing their
views. Industrial situations present
their arguments quietly. but forcibly.
England. for example. is rich. but a
doubling of its national debt in about
one year would suggest the brakes
progress.
IL the world can afford to spend 12O.-
100000 year for war. what might
1t not accomplish with about one
fourth that amount invested in works
of peace and productive enterprises?
Five billion dollars would duplicate
several times the Panama canal and
Cope to Cairo railroad. But the war is
compulsatory visitation. as human ma
ture now goes. while the advancement
OF trade commerce and industry holds
back place. and can only wait for
saner national and international rela-
tions. In many ways the war now
walked is contemplate. The daily Kill
ling OF few non-combatants with
bombs, and the sinking OF two or three
trading or fishing vessels. is paltry
item is such colossal outlay. Just
where the present tension will break
cannot be foreseen. but 1t is for all
concerned an absurdity. clinch in
which the several combatants are
wasting vast quantities OF treasure
without prospect of present or future
return. The money side of the ques.
tion may shorty become its main sal.
lent Mr.. Asquith has stated frankly
the size of the bills England is paying.
The Delta independent., 1915-04-30
The North Fork

Making a day or two for the pur-
pose possible, Independent editor hik-
ed for Hotchkiss last Sunday evening,
reaching that city on the broad guage
Terminal exactly on time.
A day among the good fellows at
Hotchkiss is never to be regretted
Then there is the pretty town-site
and the beautiful valley and noun.
tain views; the fresh air and sun
shine and showers-the advent of
spring.
Hotchkiss is city with a future.
It is surrounded with wealth and
breadth of valley and mesa farm and
orchard lands, with close-in pasture
and foothill range-land-wealth ample
The Delta independent., 1915-04-30

and the other combatants can mislead
nobnody by obscuring the size and
nature OF the financial puzzle in bill
lions
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-02-03

ok tirobe was run Iessly cut, without
q thought d the fsiture. Tres Piedras
suddenly found itself without I resl-
son for existing Accordingly it pro-
eeeded to 80 out Of existence to TIC
best OF 4ts ability. Ninety per cent
of its buildings went up in pillars 81
smoke. Collecting insurance was the
only local industry left.
Then came the forest service. and
occupied what remained of the tvE n,
and proceeded to carefully count ana
protest from insects what remained
OF the trees. III;
But Tres Piedras experienced one
more burst Of yigor. Silver and cop
per we're found in the hills. Spec
ulators and prospectors came, and
the streets were again alive. Shaft;
were stink and engine houses erected.
There was talk Of !. a smelter. and
great show of prosperity. Then sud-
denly the men who had promoted the
mines disappeared, and the ones who
had invested In them paid a few bills,
and Tres Piedras went into another
long sleep.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-02-03
Tl,e Bryan economy.

While several of those who sat and
heard the notable convention speech
about the crown of. thorns and tho
cross OF gold by William ]. Bryan
will not agree with what the Omaha
Bee has to say in ayluding to 1t in the
following comment, the reminder
that the theory advanced on that oc-
icasion by the boy orator has gone by
the board is OF interest in view of
Mr.. Bryan's late activities:
1itical armament his orbit was
marked by a corruscating display OF
oratorical brilliance such as aston
ished observers. Brightest of all the
rays he then emitted was that which
,blazoned forth across the field Of
economics the new law" that the
prices Of wheat and silver were in
separably linked, and that a variation
IN one was marked with equal varia-
tion in the other, "Gresham's law
vanished for the time being and the
Bryan dogma took the front and CEN
ter in Coins School of Finance
and the people were taught anew.
Other laws. among them that Of
supply and demand, were most cav
alierly disposed Of by the apostles OF
the new philosophy, but time has
again applied unfailing test. The
affinity between wheat and silver has
dissolved. On the Omaha market
last Friday wheat sold at $1.39,
while silver was to be nad at less
than forty-nine cents. In other
words, the dollar-a- bushel wheat
promised has arrived, with the par
! fly between the bushel Of wheat and
the ounce of silver sadly knocked
X askew.