Der Deutsche correspondent. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1841-1918, 1915-02-08

/ plOyment for every member. No
less than 100000 people found
employment last year, and we see to
! it that this employment is perma-
nent by directing the people seeking
work in the proper channels.
We own our railways, which pro-
vide cheap transportation for the
commodities of life. We also own
our postal telegraph and telephone
systems, including the wireless. Nor
does the activity of the state stop
here. AS / said before, all univer-
stiles are state owned. There is no
German city that does not own its
own underground or surface rail-
roads and, with a very few eXcep-
tions, the waterworl1s and gas works
and most Of the electric plants; also
all the hospitals. polyclinics, etc. All
the cities are self governed and raise
their revenue mostly by direct taxa
ton.
And tho activity of the state goes
even further
While the social insurance scheme
and the laws relating to labor are
concern Of the empire, the develop
ment of trade and industry and agri-
culture rests with the ministers of
the single states composing the en-
pire. Within the past twenty years
the most notble progress has been
in Germany's agriculture. We knew
that we were in danger of having
our supplies cut off and that we had
to raise the foodstuffs for our
! growing population on our own soil
! if possible We have succeeded to the
/ extent OF 94 per cent. The minister
/ Of agriculture devotes himself to the
organization Of farmers, cooperative
societies for the manufacture and
marketing of produce and to the
purchase of machinery, blooded stock
and seeds There are no less than
$4,000 cooperative societies in Ger
many, comprising all sorts of trades,
which are mostly engaged in procu-
ring the necessary credit for the
farmers on cheap terms. All of
! these societies are, OF course, run
by their members. The accounts
are examined by the government,
and If they should be irregular or
! beyond the scope of the undertaking
the credit is cut OFF from the cen
tral institution ,and it is disbanded
and taken over by the state.
The same ministry is in charge of
the parceling up Of big landed esta-
tes, creating new colonies OF small
holders and furnishing them with
plants, seeds, stock and other things
at cheap rates and providing for
church and medical service in those
new colonies and much work is be-
ing done in the reclamation of bOgs
and mOors, the drainage OF swamps
and the establishment of electric
plants for the providing Of cheap
current for light and power. 1t is
constantly busy in Investigating the
properties Of seeds, trees and ferti-
! lizers and in sending out teachers
and it is regulating the credit of ali
landed proprietorship by supcryi
sing and establishing special banks
on the guarantee Of all the partici-
pants of the whole of the lam
ded property.
In our courts all minor cases are
being tried by one learned judge
sitting with two lay justices, while
in the higher courts the lay element
is now being proposed. This is, OF
course, aside from the jury System
in capital offenses, which exists in
Germany as it does here. All COM
mercial disputes are settled by
courts Of commerce, where two
thirds Of the judges are expert lay
men, All trade disputes come be-
fore a special tribunal consisting of
one learned president and the rest
taken exclusively from the ranks OF
employees and employers All
learned judges are, of course, univer-
sity men and appointed for lifetime.
Religious instruction is part and
parcel Of the public school teaching.
Every child in Germany must be in
structed in the religion of his par
ents, and they are instructed in Sc
parate classes for each confession
two or four hours q week respec
lively All institutions for research
and all laboratories, even though
founded by private people, will gen
orally cooperate with the state in
oder to get full information and the
proper division of labor at work. The
budgets of our cities are supervised
by the state, and there is no graft
in Germany. And there are no
I slums. All cities are inspected by
| appointed and paid commissioners,
who keep watch over all small
lodgings with full power to close
up insanitary dwellings,.
could lengthen the list, but
will pause and ask: How do the
I people feel under that systemE How
does it affect them?
Germany is the country that has
the smallest emigration Of any ma
ton. While the natural increase of
that country in excess Of births over
deaths is over 100000 a year, emil
grafton has fallen off about $4,000
1 in the year 1912, which is sure
sign that everybody finds living
and necessary freedom to their full
satisfaction under existing condi-
tiOns.
this side that the social democrats
of Germany have joined without any
dissenting voice in the war. This
was considered more remarkable
than the attitude of the social demo-
Gratis in other countries, because they
had so far co-operated in the main
( tenance Of the state and the voting
of tho budgets. But that he Ger
man social democrats should come
in was certainly surprising to some
/ people over here or over 40 mem