Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-31

exceeding in proportions any achieve
ment of Napoleon, but 1t unquestion-
ably contributed to the success of the
allies at the Marine. since the Ger
| mans were compelled to recall troops
| from the west and divert reinforce
ments. In the operations East Prus-
STA was devastated and the refugees
! fled as far as Berlin. On the other
hand, Russia lost one Of it's best armies
| and an incalculable amount of artil-
| lery and munitions. 1t was an ex-
pensive sacrifice.
Eemberg (Sept. ~.
But the East Prussian operation was
only minor incident. The main Rus
| sian forces had already entered Galicia
| from the east and at the moment Of
Tannenberg had attacked and routed
the main Austrian armies, driving
| them through Lemberg and as far as
Jaroslav in utter rout. taking thou
sands of prisoners and immense stores
| of ammunition. A similar fate over
| took the army which the Austrians
had sent north against Lublin.
! Thus, while the Germans were failing
! in their grandiose effort for a decision
| in France, the Russians were achieving
what now appeared to be real deci-
sion over Austria in Galicia. Coupled
with the Serbian victory at the Jedar.
| the Lemberg disaster seemed to prom
| Use the speedy disntegration of the
heterogeneous Austrian armies. With
| her French hopes turned to ashes, Ger
| many had now to face east to save
her ally.
First Warsaw Drive (oct. 1-2O).
German attempt to save Austria
took the shape of a sudden drive at
WARSAW, through central Poland. Rus
ci hod
chief endeavor directed against Aus
| tria, which had succeeded. the second
against East Prussia. which had failed.
! But in doing this she had left central
Poland bare of troops. and Germany
now struck straight through the un-
| guarded center at Warsaw in an at
| tempt to seize this great fortress town
| before Russia could get back from
Galicia a sufficient force to check the
| thrust.
This drive began in the first days of
| October. was directed by Hindenburg
actually reached the suburbs of War
| saw, and it's fall was expected. But
| Russian reinforcements arrived In time,
the German flank was turned and
out any real battle the Germans swift
| ly and succinctly flowed back across
| their own frontiers.
Momentarily, however, they had
achieved their purpose in relieving the
| Austrians. The Russians. having sent
| corps to Warsaw, were compelled to
| retreat behind the San. Przemysl,
| which had been besieged. was relieved,
| and for the moment Austria was saved
AS an example Of daring and success
! full strategy the first drive at Warsaw,
although it failed to take the city.
cannot be praised too highly.
LODI (Nov. 1e).
| The pause in the Galician campaign,
] however, proved only momentary
| While the Germans were retreating
from Warsaw the Russians renewed
| their offensive. recrossed the San, re-
| invested Przemysl. penetrated to the
suburbs of Cracow and approached and
even passed the Carpathian barrier.
sending Cossack raiders over into
Hungary. new enort 10 save Austria
was Inevitable.
| The second effort was far more con-
| siderable. 1t began in the early days
| of November and was made by great
| German army. many corps being re-
| called from the west. where the bat
! ties of Flanders were ending and the
whole campaign falling to trench war.
| Russian forces, pursuing the Ger
mans retreating from WaIsaW S;,,a mao
frontiers and were across the Wartha
| Hindenburg now gathered up his
! armies, which were facing the Rus
slams west Of the Wartha, moved them
rapidly over strategic railroads to the
north and sent them in upon the Rus
| sian flank in a desperate effort to cut
| the Russians off from Warsaw, en-
| velop them and either surround them
| or drive them south away from the
| railroads
| Again the Germans almost succeed
cd At ono time they actually inter-
posed between the Russians and their
| of LODI For days a desperate strug-
gle went on about LODI. In the end,
after suffering terrific losses, the Rus
slams were saved by refnforcements
| to get back behind the Bzura- Rawka
| rivers west of Warsaw and there to
repulse all German attacks By De-
oember / the front in this sector had
! become fixed on lines 1t was to hold
| until July.
Przemysl and Carpathians (Dec.-
May).
Once more the Russian armies in
Galicia had been compelled to retire
| in consequence Of a German offensive
in Poland. But this time they came
back only to Tarnow and took up a
strong position behind the Dunatec-
Biala rivers. Henceforth their main
euOrI was UlTeCteu at lOTClHS tHc
passes of the Carpathians and breaking
into the Hungarian plain. To do this
| it was essential to reduce the fortress
| of Przemysl, which commands the main
| railways and roads of Galicia. From
January l to May l the Galician cam
paign was marked by a slow but steady
| advance of the Russians toward and
through the mountains. halted fire.
Quently by desperate Austro- German
offensives. for German troops and Of
| fcers were now sent to stiffen the
! shaken Hapsburg forces.
| Austrian resistance was materially
strengthened also by the recall of three
corps which had been dispatched to
Serbia to share in the invasion of that
kingdom. This invasion had passed
Belgrade and seemed about to crush
Serbia, when the recall Of Austrian
troops made possible a new Serbian Of
fensive. and the Austrian invading
forces were terribly beaten in the first
days of December about Valievo and
driven out of the kingdom.
| Przemysl fell March 20. and imme-
diately thereafter Russia made her
final bid for a decision in the east. The
I,.< o1lvo akAI