davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Alaskan., 1915-07-01
AUSTRALIANS
 BEARING BRUNT

London. July 1.-Two lines Of Turkish trenches have been captured near Saghirdere. The Australian soldiers are now said to be bearing the bruut of the fighting in the land attack on the Dardanelles.
The daily Alaskan., 1915-07-01

The Dolphin is due in Skagway from Seattle sometime tomorrow
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16
2He A02o0aa5z1s s5azr@z51zYAf z|.oxT

mapped out by the men in authority.
For the time being Washington, d. c.,
Barracks-an engineer post--is the
center of activity and there are build
ings at the reservation facing the Po-
tomac River that suggest the appear
ance of fireworks factory. for Uncle
Sam is not only experimenting with
commercial products but Is trying his
hand at inventing some military fire.
works of his own. Later. activities
will be transferred to the field and II
Is here that tests will be conducted
under approximate service condi-
tons.
Meanwhile the Navy has lately been
given fresh inspiration to develop
higher efficiency in night signaling. II
all comes about through the creation
by the last Congress of the u. s.. Coast
Guard, new organization which
merges and places upon q military and
naval basis the former u. 8. Revenue
Cutter Service and the old Life saw
ing Service. With ,eaast Guard stA-
tons scattered at short intervals all
along our Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific
coasts. ready to be converted at
moments notice into intelligence Of
fees for the, Navy In time OF war. n
becomes highly advisable that the
Coast Guard shall be provided with
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

the best possible means of communi-
eating quickly any information its
members may obtain. Fortunately our
life saving crews have long been ia
miiiar with the use of rockets and
every man who has served on the
beach patrol is familiar with the prac-
tice of burning colored lights. ETC..
so that the four thousand members OF
this new naval auxiliary come to their
new service fortified by more than
an elementary knowledge Of the fre-
works that contribute picturesque
touch to twentieth century warfare.
Counterparts or Play Time Fireworks.
The average person. not familiar
with the subject will probably be sur
prised to learn how closely the mill
tary fireworks now being developed.
parallel In name and character the
fireworks that are set on incident
to public and private celebrations
throughout the United States ana 40
feature OF the programs Of fairs
and exposfrions In many instances
familiar type OF commercial fire-
works has suggested its counterpart
in military equipment but the army
men have some distinct novelties Of
their own. az witness what II known
as the Every pistol" . weapon which
fires what arc to all intents and pur-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

0no of the objects which Uncle
Sans experts In night signsiEg hops
! to attain as result Of the present
activity in this sphere Is the Develop
msnt OF a new typo CT searnEiiEnt
which, though powerful. Will DO SUM
cientIy Eight and portable to enabls
1t to be quickly n,oyed iron. pinca III
place. over rough groundi. need be.
The 4. s. Army Is pretty we'll
equipped with portable searchiiGEtl
and Is tusi now trying cut on tie
Texas border y unique syre NJ auta
seacchiight truck Designed In thu
country and which has the dSuhIa
advantage thar II rot oaly affords
transportation facilities for power.
full searchught but utilizes the gAsolina
motor OF the truck to generate siec
tr.city for the operation OF tbs iigat
However, these searcbi.ght trucks anti
likewise the hcrse-drawE searchiiNht
outfits age too heavy Tor certGsf
GLASSES OF military operations whers
troops are moving forward at a lively
pace and the Engineer Corps odicera
are now puzxling their brains to dc-
wise carriers for searchlights that viii
get around this ditiicuity. retaining,
OF course. ths heavy s~archiixhts suf
operations where they car DO used -
advantage. Tho military appearances
OF the searchli&ht in Anaeffaaa army
operations In duA TO the fact thas NIT
only II IL employed for purposes ~ y
illumination hrt, when fit.ed vita Il
shutter. It In avaf.ahle for signaling %
the plan Of tine he.sog.Apk. Finally,
Il nsay be noted that ora cs tire lceGtnx
ccrps j. amastions e. y d.ysiop I -
tenn whsssssr7 She advsaee az : hostsls
forcs toward an erca;nSs.-esu Or fpy
tined ped.tton wii. sonna xs. xiAgsrs 4
just as a t.rsssr alarm may b scssus1
ed Ia private rskfdsnce. and this
alarm Will operate TO instantly focus
the beams OF sxvssas sS~rchlsx1ste ~ y
the locality xhencD has come III
s.Arri. as 50
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

ventional or prsconcerted codes.
the red star of rocket indicates o
dot whereas the white bomb or the
white star of rocket is indicative OF
dash. 1t Is easy enough for an ex-
perienced signalman to catch ths mes
sages famed aioft because each rocket
star burns from four to six seconds
are there is q slight interval between
the visibility OF each star. Between
two or more stars OF the Same color
there are inserted dummies which
show no light and carry the Are to
the next star. The Very system pro-
jects net merely red and white but
also green stars which are shot from
the pistols to q height Of more than
200 feet. The brass shells for these
pistols come packed in boxes cclorsG
To Indicate the elements OF the signal
ing alphabet 80 that there Ia little
danger of mistakes In using this de-
vice.
The Acetyienc Lantern,
The acetylene lantern affords a me-
dunn for talking by means of light
flashes that is very popular with the
officers and men of the U. s. Army.
In this lantern which IL mounted upon
. tripod q tiny pilot flame u kept
burning At all times Upon depress-
ing key large tip Is niied with gas
and ignitsd BY the pilot fame. When
tine key is raised the flow Is stopped
This renders It . simple matter 10. By
means Of short and long deprassicns
Of the key. send the dots and dashes
Of the Morse alphabet what are
known technically az Ccston lights.
port fres and other colorec fghss--
all resembling IN principle thu coinrod
lights which are touched CT by chill
dren on the Fourth OF Juiy--are ef-
fective forms Of military fireworks
These lights, are made Of slow-auro-
Ing composition and ara usually held
In q socket and displayed by hand.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

poses. ordinary cartridges but which
when the trigger Is pulled hurts high
in the air a shower or fiery stars.
Rockets have. from time immem-
oriai. been an accepted method OF
signaling on land and sea but the lat
ter-day military sharps have evolved
several new varieties CT sky rocket
for example the ingenious "smcke
rocket" The rockets now In use BY
the u. s. Army are. for the most part,
of the knock down" variety which
admit of the stick being detached from
the head of the rocket and the whole
packed compactly in IA tin tube which
insures safety in transportation.
Bombs. especially what are known as
star bombs, are. alike to the rockets.
stand-bys of the military fireworks
outfits, Some of the bombs. hurled
aloft from morta~s. are so arranged
that they explode when the maximum
height has been attained and emit an
intense light which Eliminates the en-
tire countryside for an interval Of
twenty minutes. Flares. set of auto
maticaIly or by electrical connections.
are q form of fireworks that are very
effective In illuminating battle lines
and the military prototypes Of the ia
miliar Roman candle likewise play
their part in carrying the tidings Of
carnage In the dark hours.
Long Range Conversations BY Means
OF Fireworks.
The manner OF conveying messages
or holding lengthy conversations ut
iong-range by means OF fireworks Ii
highly ingenious and 10 infinitely more
Interesting than the mere employment
Of bomb or q rocket as an emsr-
gency signal or d means OF giving mn
alarm. Rockets. bombs and the Very
pistol are not well adapted for gen.
erai use with the dot and dash code
they can be employed in that
IL desired. Rather do the
army authorities utilize these forms
Of fireworks in connection with con-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

the Governor o. the zons Il rsspoS.
bic 10 him alone.
BY an Act Of Congress approved Au-,
gust 24ss, 1919. the President VS..
clothed with authority 10 establish
permsnent Organization for the Canal
and President Wilson in January. 1914
by virtue of this authority. issued Al
order creating the various departments
for the operation and maintenancs Of
the Canal.
This Is to come under the imme
date supervisionfand direction OF thu
Governor of the Canal and include
all matters relating to traffic, beacons
lights and light houses, the super
vision OF ports. waterways and pilot
age. The Panama Railroad, the teIe
phono and telegraph systems. the
| shops. dry docks. wharves ard con-
struction of buildings also come Under
this department as well as the NUM-
cipal engineering. including the con-
struction OF drainage bitches. streeta
roads and bridges.
There is also purchasing depart.
ment- supply department. an ae-
counting department and a depart
ment OF health. The business CT each
OF thess is clearly defined III the rross.
dents order.
That The Canal VIII be practically
Under the direction OF The Army and
Navy will be seen from tho detail cf
officers for certain duties.
The engineer OF maintenance II ar
ofricer of the Corps OF Engineers OF
the TypsfA% 4at III T..
act as Governor In the absence or dis.
ability of the Governor of tina Canal.
The Superintendent CT Transports.
ton IS a United States naval officer.
The chief electrical engineer has been
selected from the Engineer Corps o.
the United States Army. The captains
of the terminal ports are naval officers
The superintendent of the shops and
dry docks Is United States naval con-s
structor. The chief health officer comes
from the Medical Corps of the United
States Army, while the superintendent
of hospitals has been selected from
the same branch of the service. The
head Of the quarantine service is
member of the Board of Public
Health. The chief quarternaster Ia
taken from the Quartermaster Corps
OF the United States Army.
These officers will bring thesr fam
tlies to the Zone. and these. togather
with the operating force and their
families. will probably bring the
american population up to about five
thousand persons. In addition TO this
the thousands of soldiers stationed al
the Canal will add to the liveliness Of
the place.
The Isthmus. too, bids fair to be q
winter resort, now that Uncle Sam
has two such comfortable hotels q.
the Tivoli at Panama and the Wash
ington at Cristobal. Tabago Island, on
the Pacific side, affords splendid bath
ing, and Is an ideal place TO rest. 1t II
expected that Gatun Lake will be
stocked with fish and that a shooting
preserve will be set apart. Even golf
links are to be established. and these
will be open to both employees and
visitors.
Comfort and amusements follow the
ffagi
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

divided themselves up into congeniai
groups. life has taken on very pleas
ant aspect and positions are In de-
mand. Good schools have been estab-
iished. with kindergartens and play
grounds attached. The little Ameri-
can children thrive even better than
their parents. for they live in the open
air end are as healthy, hardy. rosy
checked a bunch OF youngsters As one
may find anywhere in the States.
There Is a public school athletic league
and meets are held frequently. Gar
dening forms a part of the course In
the schools for coiored children with
splendid results. More than twenty
two hundred children are at school on
the Zone. The towns have excellent
police and FIRE protection.
They have churches Of almost every
denomination and societies of al,
kinds. The Red Cross Society has
been especially active, during the war.
and both money and supplies have
been sent from the Zone. Altogether.
life down on the Isthmus at present is
very like that OF our suburban Aneri-
can towns. except that It is always
Skinner.
Arranging The Wages.
When the time came to arrange the
scale OF wages for the permanent or
ganization there was much discussion.
II was argued that now that the Canal
was completed the danger of loss Of
life was practically over and there was
no longer any reason why salaries
should be fifty per cent. higher than
they were In the United States. 1t
was finally determined that It would
be fair both to the employer and en-
pioye to fix the compensation for serv-
ice in the permanent organization at
twenty-five per cent. higher than that
obtained for similar work In the
United States.
1t will cost about s3,5oo,0oo 90 a
year for the actual operating of the
Canal. This includes the use of
number of dredges which must be kept
on hand to keep the Canal clear. The
majority of the employees will be en-
gagged In work at each end of the
waterway. There the repair shops,
docks, trans shipment OF cargo and
other facilities used in shipping will
give employment to hundreds of per-
sons.
The number OF men required at the
locks is comparatively small. They
consist of the men who will be in gen.
era1- charge the lock Operations
certain number to handle the towing
propositions, another set to operate
the valves for the regulation of the
water in the locks. and a general la
Dor force.
The Radio Station will give employ
ment to a number. while many more
will be required to operate the big
hydro electric station at the Gatun
Spillway. where the electricity will be
generated for the operation OF the
locks and lighting OF the Canal AT
Miraflores another force will be need
ed at the auxiliary steam plant.
President Real Gar.
The President of the United States,
according to the Act finally adopted
In reference to the permanent organi-
is the Car of the Isthmus. and
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16
HzHx7S
Ca1cx9ete Ra1oI ZH~eo0SA
<he CzxH/Zlz2e

eases. The usual vacations and sick
! leave will be granted. The Commits
sary will continue and be on a better
will be like fine grocery stores of the
United States
In order to encourage the residents
to keep their houses in good condi-
ton prizes are 10 be offered each
month. both in money and in rent re-
duction. This scheme has worked
particularly well at La Boca. where
the silver employees tforeigners) live
Each month there Is a decided i'm
provement as the Spanish housewife
hates to be outdone by the woman
from Martinique or Jamaica. Tree and
hnwer planting Is encouraged, and as
vegetation grows luxuriantiy in the
tropics many of the houses are al
ready vine covered.
Good Roads.
Excellent roads are being built
through the Zone and automobiles are
becoming quite common. Riding over
these roads in machine Is real
JOY. for in many places they lead
through natural botanical gardens.
The foliage all over the Isthmus is lux
uriant and sometimes the roads lead
through jungles where the orchids
clinglng to the trees form a perfect
bower about the highway, The tele-
phone system throughout the Zone Is
excellent as Is the train service. Now
that everybody il acquainted with
everybody else and the employees have
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

medical attendance free of charge.
and kept shop for the benefit of the
employees where they purchased food
OF all kinds cheaper than they could
In their home towns. Everything was
done to make the transplanted Ameri.
cans happy.
II was almost as difficuit to stamp
out the disease of inconsistencies as n
was to clear up malaria. for home
sickness liz disease even more in
fictitious than "chiils and fever" es-
pecially when a woman contracts H.
Men were encouraged to bring their
wives and children to the Isthmus. be-
cause IL was thought that they would
think seriously before pulling up
stakes and leaving good pay. free rent.
etc. For time this worked we'll. but
after the novelty wore or lifelong
hot days began to get on the women's
nerves---they longed for the States
Servant hire was cheap and the womer
had little to do and idieness brought
discomfort Uncle Sam began to lose
some OF his best men so he set about
to amuse the women by giving them
something to do. or. at least some
thing to think about by sending ar
organizer of women's clubs to the
Zone. This lady organized clubs In
several OF the Canal towns and meet
ings were the order of the day. Women
gave their attention TO preparing
papers and TO studying history and In
measure forgot the homesickness
The Y. NJ. c. A. had already given
the men anusements, and after a time
the Canal Zone became perfect bee
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

hive of social activity. At the 1ivoli
Hotel at Ancon dances were held every
Saturday night. frequently preceded by
dinner parties. With all these go
ings on" there was little time to ST;
around and NOPE. so inconsistencies
soon became thing of the past.
Now that the Canal is finished those
who at first declared the Zone a most
unlivable place are eager to become a
part OF the permanent organization.
Permanent Towns.
Several permanent towns are being
laid out. and the houses erected for the
use of the employees are being buil'
of concrete--really beautiful homes In
every detail. Some are for two fam
lilies and others are for four. AS
large amount of money had TO be spen;
in this construction the Government
decided that small rent had TO be
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

paid. also that fuel and electric light
would no longer be furnished free.
President Wilson Issued the order
which became effective the first of
March this year.
The houses are built on the apart
ment type. and family quarters may
be had for s14 per month. These
apartments are equal to any thirty or
forty dollar apartments in the States.
Bachelors quarters range from three
TO six dollars per month. This order
raised hue and cry among the en-
ployes. who thought that they should
have free use of the quarters as they
did during the construction. and a
protest was sent TO Washington. Later
a committee OF employees came to see
what could be done. but the Govern
ment was adamant and the rent must
be paid. Free medical attention is
still to be given except in certain dis
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16
Uncle Sans Benevolent
Care Of the Men Who
Will Become Members
Of the Permanent Or
ganization Of the Canal
How They Will Be Fed,
Housed and Amused.

nNE Of the most astonishing
things to other nations during
the building of the Panama
Canal was the accessibility OF
every worker to the ''boss" OF the Job.
Every foreman and every gang boss
knew that II he mistreated his men
II would surely come before Colonel
ocsthals at his Sunday morning court,
where the Colonel held an open air
meeting to hear complaints. This
square deal weeded out the kickers
and the grumblers and developed q
high degree OF efficiency In every part
OF the work. A register was kept.
showing how each man discharged the
duty assigned to him and he was
marked and graded strictly on the
merit plan without favor or partially.
Now that the Canal Is finished those
who made q good record are in line
for reward and promotion.
Twenty Seven Hundred People
Needed.
II will require a force of about
twenty-seven hundred persons to op-
crate the Canal and these are to be
selected from the various departments
from which lists are furnished of the
rating Of the best men of the depart
ments. The workman who heads the
list with the best marks with be Of
fsrsd position In the permanent or
ganisation similar to the one held dur
Ing Canal construction. II may be
that this man has already obtained
o position elsewhere and may not care
to remain on the Zone. In which case
the place win be given to the next
highest one. and 30 on until the posi-
tons are filied. In other words. the
nen will be rewarded In this way In
accordance with the excellence of
their service during the construction.
Uncle Sam Good Troviier.
Uncle Sam was good proyider''
during the building of the waterway.
for he not only paid salaries twice as
large as those paid for the same serv-
Tee In our large cities. but he provided
Furnished houses. light and fuel and
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

NE of the most astonishing
things TO other nations during
the building of the Panama
Canal was the accessibility OF
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16
5eIZMS arr
HlItz<, 2ocxe<

not only 70 illuminate the positions OF
friend and foe bat their binding glare
has. on occasion, been employed with
telling effect to dazzle and confuse a
hostile force charging against a FORTH
fed position. Indeed. 1t seems to
have been ali but proven by the en-
gagements OF the present war that II,
is virtually impossible TO advance a
body OF troops across a clear field in
the face of strong searchiights sup
ported by artillery fire. No wonder
then. that our military sharps are be,
ginning to devote more attention 10
slowed upon them.
In the case Of searchiights the Eu-
ropean war has merely disclosed new
or amplified uses for a tool of trade
long known to the men who make
profession OF warfare. However. some
OF the belligerents. notably the Ger
mans have sprung upon unsuspecting
foes novelties in the form of military
fireworks that came as complete sur
prise. alike to the victims and the in
.nocent bystanders such as the United
States. For example. there may be
mentioned the flaming arrows which
have been employed for signaling and
as weapons of destruction. Then again
there are the missiles which carry
burning oil or liquid fire into the
enemy's trenches. And particularly
ingenious are the bombs and plaques
which dropped from aeropIanes or
dirisibles upon an enemy's position
burst into flame when they strike and
thus serve to locate positions for an
attacking force and incidentally iilu-
inmate the scene Of action tos the adj
vancing soldIery.
An Elaborate Fireworks Program.
The War Department II going pretty
thoroughly into this subject OF the
greater possibilities Of military fre-
works. judging by the plan OF tests
and experiments that has been
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16
Novelties for Night Sig
mailing Under Test By
the US. Army--Flares,
Flashes and Rockets
Being introduced Toad
Our Soldiers In Time Of
War : A Pistol That
Shoots Fiery Stars.

N NCLE SAM has entered upon
new stunt that 10 calculated
to make the small boys of the
" land green with envy. The ma
tional government II going In for fire-
works displays--not merely on the oc-
casion OF national holidays, but night
". throughout the whole year as oc-
casion may demand.
Needless to say the national govern
ment ID not laying out its good money
for fireworks merely for the fun OF
the display. On the contrary. Uncle
Sans interest in fireworks. etc.. is
limited to their usefulness for signal-
Ing. purposes and the sudden activity
In this sphere Ii duo to- the circum-
stance that the present European war
has disclosed to Yankee officials that
the military powers Of the Old World
Are away ahead OF Us In the variety
and extent Of the uses to which search
lights and fireworks have been put In
connection with the operation OF Of
Tense and defense.
Prolting BY War Lessons.
The clash Of arms on tho Continent
has bean In. peculiar degree might
war" and consequently It il small
wonder that Il has called Into play
Ill avaiiabfs resources Tor siding the
deadly work in the darknesG Con-
spicuous among ths innovations are
new uses for searchlights. The power
sfuI projectors pointing their ''flngers
Of lightr distance Of mile or more
into the darkness have besn employed
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-16

NCLE SAM has entered upon
4 new stunt that 10 calculated
to make the small boys of the
~ land green with envy. The ma