davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

own civil war-making more complete
the resemblance to Venice.
At in the morning the CORE
spondent was awakened by a consid-
cradle rifle and revolver fire close at
hand. He jumped up GALL over Poland
you sleep in your clothes) and resolved
to run down the hill and over the tenn
porary Vistula bridge. which on the
Galician near side is two feet under
the water. The Austrians, he concluded,
had forced the Nida and were marching
on Sandomir In order to cut the impor-
tant Sandomir-Debicar road Then the
firing ceased. sleepy faced man came
in and said: Etc tolko razboiiniki"'
Its only robbers The third battle of
Sandomir was over. 1t was fought be-
tween the junior consistorial clerk of
Sandomir and a robber band called
Elijaites.
"Elijaites" are robbers of distinction.
A patch of war-ravaged land thirty
over to them. This is the country
round the towns OF Stasheff and
Chmlenik. To the north is an impor-
tant railroad knot. which the Russians
guard zealously, but the south Is a
roadless, railless land owned by no one,
and here bandits live. When the Ger
mans advanced on Kielce town In Sep
TENDER criminals got out of the town
jail Honest but hungry farmers whose
farms are now ashes. joined them.
+ 4
The leading robber band is the Eli
jaites. The Russian authorities keep
good order on the main etappe routes,
but they have no men or time to waste
on a no-man's land, which the enemy
has twice occupied and may occupy
again. So the robbers are left alone
They ravage the country, attack the
rich and sometimes the poor, murder
and spy out facts about the Austrians.
which they sell to the Russians. That
is another cause Of Russia's tolerance.
The battle Of the early morning was
a Homeric affair. The victor. Junior
Consistorial Clerk Wienceslawski, had
gone to Stashef He went In medieval
fashion. mounted on a fat horse, ac-
companied by bodyguard Of trusty
Poles in sheepskin Jackets and black
lambskin caps. All were armed. On
their way back, within five minutes of
the town gates. they were attacked by
the Elijaites. In front rode the chief
bandit Stanislaus. holding his gun
straight at the clerk. The clerk and
his band turned on their carbines. re-
volvers and Brownings. After Ave min
utes' battle, they left Stanislaus badly
wounded on the field. slew two of his
retainers and got safe homo with one
horse lost and piece taken out Of the
tip of the consistorial clerks ear.
Today, three days afterward. Sando-
mir celebrated the victory. The bishop
had gone to Radon. some way north.
but service was held in the cathedral,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

per month. The average working day
is eight or nine hours, varying as to
the trade.
OF late years the labor organizations
have been growing in number and
litfcal machines than trades unions
proper. They have no sick funds or
benevolent features. and strikes are
generally short. The chief labor unions
are associated with the railways. and
among them Is Brotherhood of Loco
motive Engineers and Firemen. This
union has made itself felt in a
political way, and during the past year
bills have been introduced into con-
gress to establish state pensions for
railway men. All employees are to be
pensioned in case of accidents of GER
tain kinds, and after a time they are
to be retired with pension. The gov
eminent is asked to issue bonds to
the amount of 100000 as guaran-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

of earthquakes on Taruohrzeg hill on
the summit of the hill is the chateau of
Count Felix Tarnowski. The Tarnow-
SKIS are great race, scattered over
Poland. Gallcia and southwest Rms
STA. and at Tarnobdzeg they had a
palace filled with works of art worth
, i'ooo'ooo; Now nothing is left. The
plundered palace is turned INTO Red
Cross hospital The etappe commandment
says that the plunderihg was done by
the Austrians themselves. The Aus
TRANS suspected Count Tarnowski OF
Synpa thy with the Russians, and they
carried off all his treasures The Aus
TRANS say the Russians did the work
Among the Tarnowski stolen treas
ures was a blue cup which belonged to
the great Wallenstein. II is supposed to
bring bad luck to any one who steals
il. The local peasants believe this
legend. and re joice that the result of
the viii prove which army plum
dcred Tarnow skis palace.
lCppsrsAt, lalo. W CuItis Grvsn.I
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02
SCENE IN A CoNVENTILLO.

tee that such pensions will he paid
when they become due. and the gov
eminent is to enforce the collection of
the taxes therefor IF the bill should
pass the money for the pensions will
come from ten-cent tax on all first
class tickets, and per cent tax on
all tickets costing 81 or more. All en-
ployeS receiving more than S44 per
month will have to give to the fund )
per cent o ftheir salaries. and also one
half of the first months wages after
the passing of the act. The railway
companies also are expected to con-
tribute.
Outside the railways labor is prac-
tically unorganzed. Most employers
prefer to get their work done by con-
tract, and this is especially so in har-
Dor Improvements and public works of
one kind or other. where excavations
can be done by the yard. The con-
tractor will hire his gang of men and
he will be responsible for the work.
Such contractors often have stores and
furnish food for the men. There are
also stores on the large estancias
where goods are furnished to the
hands and their value deducted from
the wages. Some of the RAILROADS car
ry provision cars over their lines I'M
der construction and sell eatables and
other goods to the workmen. furnish
ing everything. from wine and clothes
to jam and bareback.
The wages of farm hands change with
the season A man may pay so cents
day for seeding. and three times as
much for harvesting and thrashing.
Wages are higher on the farms near
the cities, and in the back provinces
they are sometimes as low as 25 cents
a day. They always go up at harvest
time. when man may possibly get
SO day, or perhaps $50 month and
his board.
The larger estancias have lodging
places for their hired men and they
have a common eating house. They
have tenant houses and also mud huts
and galvanized iron sheds scattered
over the big farms. The poorer farm
ers live largely in huts of galvanized
iron, and they seem satisfied with
homes that would not be tolerated by
the American tenant. The chief food
l know of q man who has one hundred
young sheep day. The steer usually
weights about 500 pounds. and the two
sheep $50 pounds. This means that he
furnishes meat to the amount of $50
pounds live weight per day for 100
people. The gauchos are meat eaters.
They have grown up on meat and when
one of them takes trip he usually car.
ries his food in the shape of raw meat
with him. When he grows hungry he
makes a fire and cooks some of his
meat, keeping the balance for the next
meal. AS I have already written, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

drowned. Other Austrians entered the
town from the west through Russian
territory. The western column had
marched forty miles in a day. The men
lay down in the streets in front of the
cathedral and slept for twelve hours.
The Bishop of Sanomir. being Catho-
lie, was asked to support Catholic Aus
tra against Greek Orthodox Russia.
He refused. but agreed to pray that
Justice might be melted out to the
guilty in this war" Thus each side
could interpret in its own way.
The writer made a trip from here to
see the great field Russian fortifca-
tions at Tarnobrzeg. This is in Galicia.
higher up the vistula right bank.
Tarnobrzeg is on hill which COM
ands both the river and the STRATEGY
cal railroad to Debiea and Tarnow.
When feeling their way into Galicia the
Russians made three magnificent lines
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

The Italians and Spaniards have built
railroads. and they are the masons.
carpenters and mechanics of Buenos
Aires. They are good workmen. and
their wages are less than those Of the
United States. Here are the current
wages as collected several years ago.
They are but little higher today: Car
penters get from 81 to SO. stonecutters
from 50 to $3.50. and ironworkers about
So per day. The boot and shoe fac
tories have been paying from 50 to 50
per day The marble works, $3.50 for
cutters, and the cabinet makers about
So per day. In the match factories
skilled laborers get 81. In the machine
shops and iron foundries about 25 cents
per hour. and in the knitting mills
from 81 to SO per day. Typesetters are
paid from 81 to 50 day, and those
who work on composing little more,
Tailors get from 50 to So a day. and
cutters or f1nishers from $50 to $25o
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

special Correspondence o! The Star.
SANDOMIR. Poland. April II.
@IHIS Is IN south Poland's remotest
angle. II is a famous town
which has seen two pitched
q battles, and strategically is as
Important as Lemberg, Cracow and
orzemysl put together. 1t is the key
20 GaliGa-
Sandomtr il proud town. Even be-
,ors the war it was conceited. Citizens
.alIed IT "Polskaya Eenezia" - the
Polish Venice" The likeness lies in the
act that Venice lies on blue lagoon
md Sandomir on the yellow Vistula;
hat Venice lies on a mud fiat and
sandomir lies on a hill. From the fiat
;alicda plains on the Vistula right
sank Sandomir 10 imposing. 1t has a
bishop. a big Catholic church. town
stes and red brick palace. built by
me king Casimir. with brand-new
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

killed by the explosion. some drowned
in the big hole made by the mine and
some crushed by ice. The explosion
set in motion an Ice foe. The Russians
dashed from their trenches and attack
ed the Austrians who had crossed the
river The Austrians fought fercely.
refused to surrender and were all bayo-
neted. The whole engagement cost the
Russians five men.
\
At o'clock began a terrific artillery
roar from a point a long way to the
southwest. The Austrians began their
third attack. this time near the Nida
town of Kortschin. The etappe COM
mandant's motor car was going no
further west. Hoping to see the fight,
the writer hired a peasants 'telyega."
on condition that he was taken the ten
miles to Pazanow in an hour and a half.
At Pazanow there were terrific roars
and reverberations. The village street
was packed with automobiles of the
Red Cross Society coming In with the
first wounded. NJ. Jasnopolski, repre-
sentative of a Warsaw association,
said that according to a telephone
message the fight was developing, and
about six men every minute were get
ting first aid on the field. The Aus
trians had assaulted breastworks and
redoubts at a point not far from Korts-
chin. where the Russians and Austrians
were on the same bank. Fifty prison
ers had been taken. With Jasnopolski,
the writer got to Svinjani which is six
miles from the firing line. About two
miles In front Of Svin1ani, the Russian
reserves were being shelled from Aus
TRAN big guns on the other side of the
Nida. The reserves were being moved
back. Telephone messages said they
were not wanted. as the Russians in
the trenches were losing little.
From the roofs Of Svinjani general
store was obtained a good view of the
Smelling. Very. big shells. mixed with
shrapnsl from small guns, were fall
ing close to the marching columns of
reserves. The shells exploded with
big spouts of flame, followed by a hur-
ricane of earth and mud, and few
which fell in a pond sent up columns Of
water. The Russian artillery positions
must have been within two or three
miles, but they were so well masked
that ono could not make them out.
Far away over the Austrian positions
were scores of little cloudlets from ex-
ploding Russian shells. An Austrian
aeroplane sailed into the middle of the
cloudlets, made circle and then quick
ly descended. 1t was afterWard learned
that it came down between the Russian
lines and the Austrians, and that one
of the pilots was wounded in the arm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

and the poor have no facilities for
baking. The bakers are licensed and
they carry the bread from house to
house. But little cornmeal is used.
Many onions are eaten, and a frequent
sight Is the onion peddler, who goes
about with long strings Of onions over
his shoulders. Out in the camp the
1aborers live almost entirely on meat.
and on some of the big estancfas sew
eral beeves are killed daily to supply
the food for the men. Beef is sold by
the kilo of two and one-flfth pounds,
and many other things are sold the
same way. Milk is sold by the liter,
and so are wine and kerosene oil.
The people live simply and the aver
age Argentine family either in the
cities or out on the farm spends much
less for It's food than family of the
same class in the United States. Many
of the people eat only one full meal a
day, and that in the evening after they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

After s o'clock 200 slightly wounded
men were brought into the village.
Seventy Austrian prisoners marched IN.
Only two guards controlled them. Ihey
were we'll dressed, in clean gray over
coats and good boots. Some had LOST
their peaked kepis and were pare
headed, others were wearing the iano-
skin "papakha" hats of our soldiers
Many of the Russian wounded were
badly burned from shell explosions. Al
o'clock the artillery fire suddenly ceased
and the battle was over.
Later in came a wounded officer. Capt.
Adjaroff, and told the story of the
fight. The Austrians waded through
the river and over a fortified streamlet
and rushed on the Russian trenches.
After twelve men out of twenty sent
to cut the entanglements mad oeeh
killed with rifle bullets or hand sren-
AIDES. the remaining eight persisted and
opened a path for a close column Oh
infantry, which took the foremost
trench. Russians made counter at
tack and drove them out. An austrian
captain stayed behind. When sur
rounded in the trench he defended nm
self for five minutes against half
dozen men with bayonets, and sur
rendered only after he had three
wounds
The Austrians next bombarded the
position which they had gained and
lost. and fiercely bombarded russian
reserves The latter next crossed the
Nida higher up and attacked in the
flank an Austrian position in front OF
which We're mines. One mine was ex-
ploded too soon, and only six Russians
were killed. The battle on this Hank
ended in rencontre fight. Each side
charged the other. After half an hours
butchery both retreated. The result OF
this days fight was 5000 killed and
wounded. and no change in POSITIONS
The battles count as a Russian success,
as 1t was the enemy which failed in
his aim of breaking the Russian line.
From Svinjani the writer got back
here in eighteen hours His first meet
ing was with the bandlt-slayeT, Con
sistorial Secretary WienceslaWski. he
was flushed with success ana said ne
proposed to organize a CIVILIAN army
exterminate all bandits AROUND Sahuo-
mir and keep order.
Then he told tales of the last Aus
TRAN occupation. The retreating Rus
slams had blown up the Vistula bridge.
The Austrians crossed on a poHtoon.
When they We're half way across. the
pontoon anchor ropes broke. aad
twelve men were swept away and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02
ter Writes of Work and Wages in Argentina

u
cup Of tea or tea and a piece Of dry
bread upon rising. and perhaps another
cup of tea and bread at noon. If they
are Italians or spaniards they may
are Argentinos they will begin the
morning with cup of mate, as the
Paraguayan tea is called.
The Italians make excellent fmmf-
grants The most of them have come
from the farms of Lombardy, and they
are good agriculturists. They are not
afraid Of work, and are thrifty. Many
of them send a large proportion OF
their savings back to Italy. Where they
rent farms they live meanly, saving
their money to buy land, and adding
to their possessions until they finally
accumulate a respectable estate. Large
numbers of them come without expect
ing to stay. They fit back and forth
across the ocean as the swallows do
over the land. working for a year or
so and taking their earnings back
home. There is a fixed class of such
men, known as swallow immigrants.
Out of $4,000 immigrants who arrived
here in three years. more than 100000
went back. 1t is estimated that each
of those who returned carried away
with him about $3.50. making a total
of s45.000,000 thus taken out of the
country.
The Argentine of good family, and, in
fact. about all Argentinos. look down
upon work as degrading. They object
to working with their hands, and 1t Is
the ambition of all to be landed pro-
prietors. The poor restrict their labor
largely to the ranches and to the live
stock industry. serving as cowboys or
gauchos. They like to work with cat
tie. and before the era Of fences began
they herded the stock upon horseback.
no nj al
all of the mechanical work and hard
manual labor are done by foreigners.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02
Copyright. lsi5. by Frank G. CarpenterJ


BJIENOS AIRES.
-IMES are hard in Argentina
ENGLAND and France. the money
lending uncles of South Amer
q lea have taken down the three
golden balls from over their doors and
shut up shop OF account of the war.
The result is that public improvements
are a a standstill. new contracts can
not be undertaken. railroad building is
practically stopped. and there are thou
sands OF men out of work A recent
census of Buenos Aires shows that
many thousand 1aborers are looking for
Jobs, and the conditions are almost as
hard in Rosario, Bahia Blanca and
other large cities. There is TO other
neutral country that has been more af-
fected by the war. The Argentinos live
I'D to their incomes, and a little ahead
of them They are spectators. and
borrowed money is the life blood of
the nation The most of the loans come
from abroad, and the ttghtness or the
money market before the war began
mad caused many failures. Those OF
1918 aggregated a total of more than
s5o,ooO,e00 in gold. There were more
failures in 1914, and the outlook is that
1915 may break the record. All this az
fectS employment conditions ana
brings hardship to this land of riches
and plenty.
It is a mistake to suppose that the
Argentine population is made up of
and barons. cattle barons and sheep
parons 1t also has tens of thousands
Of laborers, thousands of small farm
ers. and. altogether. some millions who
have never had a silver spoon in their
mouths The people are largely of for
eiRn birth The country has been alb
sorbing immigrants at the rate of about
1000 a day, and full. one fourth of the
whole population is composed of italian
peasants. who have come here 10 settle
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

shell hole. 1t also has an inn. which
has not been heated for years. and the
grave of an innocent doctor, whom the
Austrians shot by mistake"
When Russians and Austrians had
their last desperate fight In the streets
they broke all the windows. The Aus
TRANS lost, owing to their zeal for a
hen. hen marked out for supper hut-
tered down a side street and a warrior
in a hidden Austrian ambush party ran
after il and revealed to the enemy the
trap.
The writer got here in time for the
third battle of Sandomir. just outside
the town. This surprised him. as tho
Austrian lines are on the Nida, nifty
miles away. and the nearest place one
can hear the battle Is Stashen, mar
ket town far to the west. The Sando-
migIans arranged for the writer their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

Russians and Aunans
the
Mda the Ba-ngh
and ds-A
Mado+oO rJoRan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

The writer tried to get west from
Svipjani, but found the road blocked
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-05-02

E1IMES are hard in Argentina
England and France. the money
lending uncles of South Amer
q lea, have taken down the three
The Medina sentinel. [volume] (Medina, Ohio) 1888-1961, 1915-12-10

Mrs. w. J. Lamphear of SS7 N.
Broadway received word Thursday Of
the birth of a baby nephew in Pha-
lanx.
The ladies' of st. Paul's Guild held
a bazaar and dinner yesterday in the
parish house, which was we'll patron
lied.
The hearing of M. D. Kimmel,
charged with contributing to the de-
linquency of Ida Lee, which was set
for Thursday of this week, was con-
tinued until Tuesday of next week.
Attorneys Arthur Van Enn of Medina
and Dissette of Cleveland have been
retained by Mr.. Kimmell as counsel.
AT a masquerade dance at Bruins
wick last Saturday night the first
prize was won by Miss Dorothy Brad
way and Mr.. Charles Barry of Medina.
Mrs. Wesley Waite of Brunswick
underwent successful operation at
German hospital, Cleveland, last Sat
urday morning. She is mother Of
H. A. Waite of Medina.
The Medina sentinel. [volume] (Medina, Ohio) 1888-1961, 1915-12-10

shall be the sole property Of the local
school. At the district and county
contests money taken in shall be used,
first, to defrat necessary local expen-
es, second, for prizes for the success
full contestants. Any. residue shall be
turned over to this committee to de-
fray expenses where the amount taken
in was not sufficient; al money left
at the end Of these contests to be used
to defray expenses of county spelling
champion for trip to Columbus for
state championship. Any Any amount left
after this shall be turned back to the
districts in proportion to the amount
sent in.
| 10. Each school may determine
whether it shall give any prizes for
the local contest or not. At each
district contest $5 shall be given to
the winner of first place in oratorical
selection and $5 for winner of first
place on dramatic selection; 81 shall
be given to winner of second place in
, each type of selection. For the coun-
ty contest two first prizes of $40 each
shall be given and two second prizes
of $40 each.
II. Any question arising as to the
Interpretation of these rules shall be
referred to this committee also any
points not covered by these rules shall
be referred to this committee for ad-
justment.
P. H. SMITH
C. w. HOWELL
C. E. JENKS, Com.