Milford chronicle., 1915-07-09

inches. It will take II PAGES to 100 yards.
II will take 317 PAGES to cover a quarter
mile. etc. Make out scale in this way,
SO that YOU will not have to figure it out
each time. For instance, if your scale is
three inches to the mile, and you pace
off 634 strides, the distance on your map
will be one and one-half inches Make
out vour working scale on a separate
paper or card as the reading scale only
appears on the map. Have 1t arranged
so that after counting your PAGES, a glance
at the card will tell you now many inches
YOU must measure off on your map.
After having determined your scale and
arranged your working scale, the next
point to be taken up is getting the North
Droperlv indicated on your map so that
ali roads and land marks will bear the
DroDer relation to each other and to the
SIGNS of the compass. If the North IS
not indicated correctly the map would
he useless. as the one reading it would
he unable to locate his position on it.
In reading a map in practice in the field,
the direction of the North and South
line on the map should be made to coin
eide with the North and South, as shown
bv vour compass. Then the direction of
ali lines. roads, ETC., on the map will
correspond with the actual bearing on the
Ground. The technical term used in
man making for this is 'Orientation,
and the Scout should thoroughly under
stand this before trying to go any far
ther with this subject. 1t means placing
the mans so that all points in it while
in exactly the same relative positions to
the North and South line as are the ac-
tual points on the ground represented.
In drawing a map, the first thing set down
is the North and South line. 1t IS de
termined by placing the compass on the
drawing board allowing the needle to set
tie until it stands motionless and then
drawing line absolutely parallel to It,
and marking the north end.
OF course there must be some method
of representing on a map the various
prominent features of the countrp, such
as reads, hills, trees, streams, etc.
It can be readily seen that if each one
made up his own signs for these things
no one could understand another's map
Certain conventional signs and abbrevia-
tions have been agreed upon therefore,
and YOU must become familiar with them
before YOU can either understand map
or draw one Yourself They are very
simple and easily learned. An improved
road is represented by two parallel lines,
while an improved road is shown by two
parellel dotted lines. A single dotted
line means a trail. The course of a
stream under fifteen feet wide, is indi-
Gated by heavy line. wider stream
has two heavier lines. Circles indicate
isolated trees, while heavy shading or
cross Matching is used to represent
ploughed fields. The entire list of signs
NAV be obtained on request from the
Army War College, Washington, d. {.
The Scout diary also contains them
every Scout should have is
map of his section. These
have the conventional signs on the back
fully explained. They may be obtained
bv sending ten cents in cash to the Di
rector United States Geological Survey,
D. c., with the name of the
map wanted. Wilmington is IN the
Wilmington Quadrangle, - but is on
the extreme northern edge of the map,
so if the country above Wilmington IS
wanted, the West Chester Quadrangle
must also be obtained. Remember, in
government publications that |
stamps are not accepted. Either cash or
postal money orders must be sent. OF
course a number of these conventional |
signs are used only in more elaborate
nap making. For sketching woods, grass, !
,orn, cultivated fields ETC., are usually |
by drawing the outline of the |
orest or field or orchard, and placing |
inside it the proper symbol or abbrevia-
ion.
The Field Service Regulations, 1914,
United States Army, which may be taken
IS the authority for this sort of thing,
authorizes the abbreviations given below.
Abbreviations other than those given
hould not be used: A, arroyo; abut.,
butment; ar, arch; b., brick; b. s.,
blacksmith shop; bot, bottom; Br..
ranch; br., bridge; c., Cape; cem., Gem
tery; con-, concrete; COW, covered; Cr.,
reek; d., deep; cul., culvert; D. s.,
lrug store; E., east; Est, lestuary; f.,
Ft., fort; G. S., general store;
,ir., girder; G. M, grist mill; l., iron;
q, island ic., junction; k. p, king post;
a., lake Lat, latitude Ldg., landing; II
!. S. S., life saving station; l.. H. light
louise; Long. longitude; Mt, mountain;
ITS. mountains N. north n. f., not
ordable; P, pier; PIX, plank; P. o., post
,ffice; PIT, point; q. p, queen post; K,
liver; R. H., round house; R. R., rail
Dad; S., south, s., steel; S. H., school
louse; S. NJ, saw mill; Sta, station;
t., stone; str, stream; 7. G., toll gate;
rres., trestle; tr., truss; w. I. water
ank; w. W., water works; W., west;
v, wood; wd., wide.
Continued next week.