davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

celVe reports from the countries at
war we are doing the best we can
with the reports we can obtain.
-
"WhiIe the weather service proper has
to do with safeguarding property. that
portion of it which has to do with river
and food observations has a direct
bearing on the safeguarding of human
life. The river and flood service is or
ganized with it's principal headquarters
at Washington and subsidiary district
centers at advantageous points on the
respective rivers along which the serv-
ice is maintained. About sixty district
centers are maintained outside of
Washington.
Measurements of precipitation on the
headwaters of the stream and observa-
lions of the height of water on the
gauge at upstream points are collect
ed by telegraph or telephone and serve
as the basis for warnings of floods in
the lower reaches of the stream. The
occurrence of disastrous floods within
the last few years has emphasized the
importance of accurate food warnings
aside from these several activities
the weather bureau is constantly en-
gagged in research work. One branch
of this work has to do with aerology
or the study of the upper stratas of our
atmosphere, and the other with solar
radiation. This latter has for its OBJ
ject the measurement of the solar ra-
diation received at the surface of Inc
earth at different seasons of the year
and under different atmospheric condi-
tions
observing stations for measuring the
intensity of direct solar radiation are
maintained at Washington. in coop
T,,Sr w.
at Madison. Wis. in cooperation with
the University of Wisconsin; at Lin
coin, Neb, in cooperation with the
University of Nebraska, and at the
weather bureau office. Santa Fe. N. M
What is the purpose: to put meter
on the sun to see that 1t Is giving us
all the heat we are entitled to-"
You might put it that way. The
amount of heat actually received from
the sun Is the basis for the growth of
ali vegetation. Solar and sky radiation
have an important bearing on all prob
lens of agriculture. as well as being of
fundamental Importance to meterolo-
gists. since all atmospheric movements
and in consequence, all weather
changes are dependent upon the heat
received from the sun.
IF the heat of the sun upon all parts
of the earth was shut off entirely our
atmosphere would be reduced to a uni
form calm. There would be no weather
as we know weather.
I'm winter we get a higher intensity
OF radiant energy from the sun, be-
cause the earth is nearer the sun at
that season, nevertheless, rays OF the
sun fall at small angle over the
northern hemisphere and the heating
effect Is relatively small. In summer
the rays strike at a higher angle OF
incidence and so have greater heating
effect, The work we are carrying on
consists in measuring the heat en-
ergy received per square yard OF ~hori-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

6NHE great American joke about
the weather man has become
passe. 1t is now the excep-
81 ton. not the rule. in the humor-
Gus columns. The weather man has
become a fixed and recognized institu-
ton. like the traffic policeman. Or. as
Prof Charles F. Marvin, chief of the
United States weather bureau, put it
in recent conversation:
THE public has come to accept the
weather service as a matter of course
Have you ever tried to measure in
dollars and cents what the weather
service is worth to the people of the
country" Prof. Marvin was asked.
NO, we have not. Different groups
of those benefited at different times
have estimated the value to them of
timely warnings sent out by the serv-
ice in particular instances, but ii is
as impossible to estimate the total
saving to agriculture, commerce. navi-
cation and industry in a year through
the operations of the weather service
as it is to estimate the total savings
in the cities of the country through
the maintenance of fire departments
shipping interests have estimated
that single hurricane warning we
sent out kept $50. o00. 900 worth of ships
and cargoes in portland safety
which, save for the warning, would
have been put in jeopardy.
Our frost and cold wave warnings.
in these days Of scientific agriculture
and horticulture. do much good Or
chardists. for example, nowadays on
receipt of a frost warning at a crit
ical growing period take steps to heat
their orchards artificially by building
small open fires at frequent intervals
among the trees. thus appreciably rails
ing the temperature of the lower strata
OF air and preventing the destruction
of the blossoms or budding fruit
"Horticulturists, in one instance es-
timated that the saving resulting from
frost warning was in excess of
bloom. vegetables and Strawberries
protected and saved on a single night
in limited district in Florida. through
the instrumentality of warnings of
reau. was reported at over 100000. In
the citrous districts of California it is
reported that fruit to the value of
Sl4.000,000 was saved by taking ad-
vantage of warnings issued by the
bureau during one cold wave.
IF one tries to calculate the probable
saving that results from what we cal
our river and flood service he will flnt
the figures running so high as to seen
absurd.
so we attempt no calculations of oul
own in this respect. We leave that II
those who derive the benefits. and theil
frequent testimony to the value of thu
service is sufficient to our purposes. W.
do know. however; what the servic.
costs. The annual expenditures OF thu
bureau for all purposes in the course O.
a year are about $1.600,000, or abou
one and six-tenths cents per capita
That, we think, is pretty cheap weathe
insurance.
NO claim is made by the weathe
bureau that it's weather forecasts ar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

the service for something like Is
cents.
There is very little bathing together
of the sexes at Montevideo. Families
20 in and sport about in the water, but
the young lover does not dare to pro-
pose taking his sweetheart out for
swim. nor do the girls and boys lie
about on the sand and make love. In
deed, the summer girl here focks by
herself, and the summer boy walks
along on the opposite side of the es-
planade. The two have to be salts
fed with making goo-goo eyes at one
another, and if they do more there is
straightway a scandal. They have
other queer customs and queer ideas
as to propriety and etiquette in love
making; but of those l will write in
the future.
Ramirez. which is the bathing place
adjoining Urbano Park. is more demo-
cratic than Pocitos, and it is fire.
quented during the day and up to mid
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

zontal service at different spots and al
different times.
The studies Of aerology once were
conducted chiefly from Mount Weather
Va, near Washington, and elsewhere,
but now have been for the most part
consolidated at Drexel, Neb.. near
Omaha, where conditions are better.
These studies are conducted primarily
with kites and free balloons, and have
been going on for several years. From
such studies we learn about conditions
in the upper or free air.
"One thing that has been determined
e is that the temperature diminishes
progressively until, at height of about
10000 feet 1T is down to between 40
and SO degrees below zero. In higher
attitudes. however. there is but little
diminution of temperature; and in fact.
under some conditions, the temperature
actually becomes higher.
"Self-recording instruments are sent
up in both the kites and the free
balloons. The balloons are inflated with
hydrogen and turned loose, arising un-
attached to a little parachute. descend
in safety. They are tagged with di-
rections requesting the finder to return
them to the station. The percentage
Of recovery of these balloons is very
high. Instruments have been recovered
from balloons that reached attitudes
from Is to 20 miles
The value Of this Astrological work
does not lie so much in the current use
of the data, though many of the obser-
vations are individually useful, as in
the light thrown by these data on the
whole subject of dynamic meteoro-
logy.'
Although the service furnished to
the people of the country by the
weather bureau is now taken as mat
ter of course, it is all a comparatively
recent development. Other nations
had weather bureaus before the United
States did; none has one SO large or so
useful in so many different lines. Mar
liners and agriculturists, firing of the
patent medicine almanac forecasts, agi-
tated for some sort of a government
service until, in 1870, Congress by
Joint resolution required the Secre
tary of War to have weather observa-
lions taken at interior and coastal mil
itary stations, and to transmit informa
ton. "by magnetic Geographic and
marine signals" the approach and force
reporting the stages of waters in the
rivers was added.
Thus there grew up in the Signal
Corps of the Army the first weather
Gen A. w. Greedy. chief signal Of
fcer, it expanded and became more
useful. Then, in October, 1890, Con-
eress transferred it complete to the
Department of Agriculture. where it
has since remained.
Before this transfer. however. Prof.
Marvin was part and parcel of the or
sanitation. In the early sos the build
ing up of the service required civilian
scientists in its organization.
In 1884 Charles F. Marvin. young
Ohioan. who had been educated in the
public schools of Columbus and at the
Ohio State University, passed the civil
service examination and was appointed
a junior professor in the service. -Four
years later he was selected by Gen.
Greedy, then chief signal officer. as
head Of the instrument division, which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

charity. In 1909 the receipts were
100000.
But l must not leave the pleasure
parks of Montevideo without de-
scription of it's geological garden. This
is called the Villa Dolores, and it be-
longs to a rich citizen who charges ad-
mission except on certain days of the
week. the money going to charity. The
garden is beyond the wide Boulevard
of General Artigas, in what might be
called the villa section of Montevideo.
1t covers perhaps ten or fifteen acres
which is cut up into wide walks along
which the quaint houses and cages OF
the animals stand. At the entrance are
bronze statues of animals and there are
lions. tigers and wolves in metal scat
tered about here and there among the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08
Copyright. 1918. by Frank q. Carpenter

ONE with me and take d look at
m the capital of Uruguay. 1t is
IL the social, political financial
~ and industrial center of this re-
nuh,ic and it's 100000 population. II
is in fact the heart and soul OF
the country, the dynamo that keeps
Uruguay moving. The city is one OIL
the well-to-do and the rich 1t mas
beautiful houses and it has stores that
will compare with those of Cincinnati
or Buffalo. either of which is about the
same size The town has all modern
improvements. Its streets are like day
under its thousands of electric light
globes. and it's electric car lines carry
millions of passengers every year. The
town is paved with Belgian block and
with asphalt The most Of it's streets
cross one another at right angles, ana
the older ones are narrow rather than
wide. In addition there are Wlde ooule-
wards which extend far out into the
country. There are more than oozefl
public squares or plazas in the heart OIL
the city. and pleasure grounds, parks
and bathing resorts on the ocean out
side.
Montevideo lies on the ocean. One
side of it is bathed by the Atlantic ana
the other by the great estuary known
as the Rio de la Plata. The city is in
the shape of a great horn. which juts
out from the mainland into these wa
terways. The bay is on the Rio de la
Plata side in the inside curve of the
horn, and the ocean rolls up its surf
Just over the way The lower part of
the city makes me think of Manhat-
tan Island save that 1T has not the
sky-scrapers The horn here is so mar
row that you can stand in the middle
streets and see the ocean on one side
and the river on the other. Nearly every
part of the city slopes toward the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

Montevideos Geological Gardens and
Its Cemetery for Dogs, Lions and Mon
keys-Some of the Famous Public Build
ings-A Look at the Bank-A Country.
Where Dollar Is Worth 3 Cents More Than
Our Own - Lottery Public Institution.
The Business Section of the City. 81.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

infallible. Carefully kept statistics,
however, show that in nine cases out
of ten. on an average. the forecasts are
accurate. That. considering the pos
sibility of error. even when based on
the most scientifically gathered data, Is
a very high percentage of accuracy.
Men, ever since there were men on
the earth. have been trying to forecast
weather conditions. Noah in his day
and generation was more successful
than his fellows and prohted accord
ingly. In the Bible in many places one
may read of mans attempt to read In
the skies indications of future weather,
and of their frequent mistakes. Christ 8
answer to the Pharisees and Sadducees,
who asked Him to show them sign
from heaven, as recorded in the six
teenth chapter of st. Matthew, lnai
Gates how common was the practice IN
those days Christ. as reported by 81
Matthew, said to them:
"'When it is evening, We say 1t Will
be fair weather. for the sky is RED, ana
in the morning, ut will be foul weather
today. for the sky is red and lowering.
o, We hypocrites, We can discern the
face Of the sky; but can we not discern
the signs of the times?
Those to whom foreknowledge of the
weather is essential to the conduct OF
their business have learned to place
much dependence on our forecast serv-
ice From them come no complaints
They recognize conditions and 90 ho'
expect 100 per cent of accuracy. Sucn
complaints as we do receive directly OF
through the newspapers are lor eme
most part those of persons who nave
suffered merely in individual comfort
not in dollars and cents.
constantly the number Of those VINO
make practical use OF the Weatner SCI
vice is increasing. This is due not only
to a larger understanding of the ser
vice we offer, but also to remar ka pie
strides that have been made in the ais
semination of the Information we naee
The wireless has become powerful
aid in this respect, particularly IN
spreading the news of forthcoming
storms.
*
when we give a warning to the
great navy wireless station at Airing
ton, that station broadcasts 1t over the
continent, the ocean and the Great
Lakes, reaching not only all land sta
tions, but ships far off shore as we'll
1t makes practically an instantaneous
service. The large new radio station
the navy is installing at Chicago will
be of large benefit, particularly in the
region of the great lakes. And a:
wireless comes into more general use
it will extend the weather service"
How is the service organized to OBJ
tain the data on which forecasts are
made"
simultaneous observations of loca
weather conditions are taken daily a
am. and pm, seventy fifth meridian
time, at about 200 regular observing
stations scattered throughout thu
United States and the West Indies
Canada and Mexico have weather ser
vices similar to our own. and theil
stations interchange with our own.
From these widely scattered sta
lions the results of the observation
are at once transmitted by telegraph
wireless and wire-to the central Office
at Washington and to the other fore
cast centers. Not only do they come
from the shore stations in the Wes
: Indies, but from vessels at sea in the
, Caribbean and in the gulf. From sta
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

ceive reports from the countries at
war we are doing the best we can
with the reports we can obtain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

In 1909 the receipts were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

A look at the crowd on the stree
will show you the reason. The peoI
are rich and they have money to speI
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16

Los Angeles and Kern counties
in California, voted total Of six
million dollars in bonds for good
roads. and the roads have been
built. The only difficulty in the way
of having good roads is that they
cost money, and the people would
rether have the money than the
good roads.--Lawrenc Gazette. But
the people Of Kansas are waking
mp to the fact that good roads make
them more money than keeping
their funds deposited in the bank
and one Of these days Kansas will
have as good roads as California.
Then the farmer will gain in value
Of his land, in economy in market
ing crops and in added comfort
@Ore than the road building will
cost.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16

one who speaks Of mortuary wreath5
And the examination and selection
Of clothes is conducted with the
listlessness Of a disagreeable duty
Give them a standardized dress and
see the light of happiness come in
to their eyes, and hear the glad sigh
of ineffable content.
Women" continues this voice
from the university, should assert
their independence in selecting
clothes that are simple and becom-
ing, and they should wear them un-
til they are worn out" That's the
idea. Once year, or possible twice
a year, II one is hard" on clothes,
call up a customer and order a STAN
dardized gown. size SO, or maybe
as. That is all. No bother about
styles or fabrics or colors. Just a
brief. snappy telephone message and
then back to the serious and conse-
quential things Of life. My, what a
relief that will be! And women will
be so grateful to the University of
Missouri that when they get con-
troll of the legislature they will ap-
propriate every red cent of the
state revenue for its support.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16
This from the lola Register voices

This from the lola Register voices
the sentiment of Kansas: In riding
along a Kansas country road in an
automobile in the night. have you
ever noticed the sunflowers, how
they turn their bright faces toward
the blaze Of your lights, all the
coarse leaves and stalk of the plant
shrouded in darkness, only the flow
ers. like eyes, leaning over toward
the road, as II crowding each other
to get a sight of you, and when you
catch their eye smiling at you, some
of them actually winking at you, as
II 1t were all the best joke in the
world? Try 1t some night and get a
new appreciation of the Kansas state
flower-"tawny and gold and
brOwn"-and a new detestation Of
the reasonable proposal that recent
ly has been made to substitute the
petunia. Think of calling Kansas
''the Petunia State" KANSASi
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16
GRANDsTAND LIFE A F1zzLE

A pastor who has spent many
years with his flock, confessed the
other day that his sermons were
lacking punch" and that he could
mt hold his audiences as he did for
merly. This splendid old man be-
lieved his value as a minister waned
because he saw empty pews and
nodding heads during his discourses.
There is more than getting the
crowd in this world. A snake charm
er always has q large following.
Thousands jammed the streets to
see Harry Thaw. A man of national
reputation has always drawn tho
largest crowd. but has never polled
enough votes to be elected. Too
many churches in the present day
play for the crowd instead Of tor
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16
STANDARDIZED DRESS

We are pleased to learn, from a
valued contemporary, that the Uni
versity of Missouri is planning a
standardized dress for women. STU
dents of home economies" says a
voice from this august and revered
institution, ARE beginning to ask
themselves, why should a woman
spend half of her life in dressing
and thinking about how she is go
ing to dress Why, indeed, asks
the Globe Democrat. For ages upon
ages, not even the solemn diggers
in Babylonia know how long women
have been wasting the golden hours
of life in this unpleasant task and
the consideration of this agonizing
problem. How they hate It all! How
they long, how ardently they yearn,
for q release from the yoke! Mention
dress to q woman and note the tight
ening Of the lip. the grim set Of the
Jaw, and never q word. It Is not q
subject for discussion. Women do
not willingly talk about dress. and
when they do It IL In the tone Of
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16

all the railroad managers and all
big business" OF every sort. are
against the saloon. along with all
the churches and most OF the great
civic organizations. Remember. too.
how impossible Il would be 10 make
an argument against that particu-
lar plank in the platform which
would not sound absolutely absurd
in the light OF the experience OF
Kansas and other prohibition
states"
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16
charlie scott is strongly in I

Charlie Scott is strongly in favor
Of prohibition plank in the Re-
publican national platform. Laying
aside the moral features of the
proposition, he argues that 1t is a
wise thing from purely political
standpoint for the party to do.
Think" he says, "of what is to
be gained by putting 1t in! Think
Of the thousands of men who will
take an aggressive interest in the
Republican campaign because of
that plank who would otherwise be
andifferent or actually hostile!
think OF the ten thousands Of wo-
men in all the suffrage states who
will come to the support Of the
party because It is right on what
.nost women believe to be the most
vital question or this generationl
mink Of the appeal that can be
shade BY the orators in behalf Of
me first great party 70 take this
long forward stepi And remember.
boo, that All the corporations and
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16

souls. Grandstand baseball players
have a short life in the big leagues.
The world doesn't give a whoop for
the noise and hoopla you can ex-
press. Any freak will create curl
osity.
The old pastor was discouraged
because other pastors were filling
their churches better than he. His
experience in the pulpit should have
taught him that few inspired to
live better lives is better than many
merely Observation-Disclosures Jour
nal.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16
SHRAPNEL
Anna Carlson In Wichita Eagle q

& Anna Carlson In Wichita Eagle &
e &c AA AAAAA :
And some folks believe that If
they only cast their bread upon the
waters they have a perfect right to
reserve their cake for the devil.
And then, perhaps, you have no.
ticed that the bone of contention is
very often only jawbone.
e e e
The fact that a person poses as a
critic is no guarantee that he knows
more than the one he criticises or
that he could do any better, or even
so well under the circumstances.
The young man who won't live
within his income when he is young
usually has to live without an in
come when he is old.
A woman thinks q great deal of
her mirror and would not do with
out 1t, yet It tells her things her
dearest friend would not dare init
mate.
zee
Watch out for the man who car
riaa a rrnnaa Ha A nxnrlnndah
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16

The story that Henderson Martin
will resign a Job that pays $4,000
q year and extras to come to Kan
sas to run for governor on the
Democratic ticket belongs in the
book of fairy tales. Martin knows
rs we'll as anybody that no Demo
cratic governor is going to be elect
ed next year.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16

Perhaps a few feet of water in
Iola's park will cure the habit there
popular of stealing brides from their
new husbands" remarks the Abb
lene Reflector, but 1t ought to know
that a bride that wants to be stolen
will go through worse than few
feet of Kansas flood water in or
der to do so.-Newton Kansan.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16

Gen. Forsythe. for years COM
mander at Fl. Riley, is dead. He
was one army officer who never
was stuck up over his job-and he
had some job, too.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-09-16

Dickinson county having fixed
the matter OF road funds should
now devote a lot OF attention TO
fixing the bad places in the roads.