davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-04-11
Dip9Iomatic Struggle i'm China
am Intensely interesting One

arations TO land troops at Lungkow.
China. while protesting against any
infringement of her neutrality, recog-
mized the logic of the situation by Of
fering to declare a war zone, was
done in regard to the Russo-Japanese
war
who let it be understood that she would
take what action she deemed to he
necessary to insure the success of ths
military operations. China contented
herself by formally protesting when
the Japanese military authorities laid
line of light railway for the trans
portation of stores and munitions 10
the front and committed other acts
which were considered justified by mil
itary necessity While the Chinese
government placed its formal protests
on record 1t went no further and al
lowed Japan to develop her plans un-
molested as far as China was con-
cerned.
The British troops who took part in
the investment of Kiaochou landed
within the leased territory, but their
debarkation was only rendered pos
sible by the preliminary occupation OF
the locality by the Japanese forces
which had crossed from Lungkow. The
occupation of the Shantung railway as
far west as Weihsien elected another
protest from China. but Japan again
claimed that her action was dictated
by military necessity, and eventually
occupied the whole length of the line
to Tsinanfu.
The Chinese government was faced
with the position that to take action
would be fatal, while to take no action
might cause serious discomfort among
the people of Shantung in particular and
afford an opportunity for revolt to those
elements of the Chinese body polite which
are always on the lookout for an op-
portunity to fish in troubled waters. BY
protests which never went to extremes
China justified herself in the eyes Of the
world and reassured the better elements
among her own people.
II was not until after the unconditional
surrender of Kiaochou that the question
of the future disposition. or, to be strictly
accurate, the immediate disposition. of the
leased territory became a subject OF
active discussion. 1t speedily became ap-
parent that although Great Britain had
taken part in the military reduction OF
the fortress, her arrangement with her
ally did not demand share in the civil
administration after it's inevitable fall.
The surrender Of the fortress took place
November /, and the expressions of opln-
ion by the two semi-ofhcial Japanese
newspapers already referred to were
made after, and not before, this event.
not modified the previously expressed in
tentions of the government. But then
came Baron kato's statement In the i'm
perial diet recently, which has caused
much apprehension in various quarters
and which is admitted by those most
friendly to Japan to be ambiguous to
what her intentions in China now arA
Evening star., 1915-04-11

@oOW that the diplomatic struggle
uM in China, in connection with ia
q " pans demands on that republic
Is assuming such large proportions'
and President Wilson is reported to De
personally directing the negotiations
as to the interest of the United States
in what Japan proposes to do IN emma
a description of the actual events as 10
the capture of the German base at
kiauchou in China, based on authori-
tatiye Anglo-Chinese statements. con-
.;,s much food for thought by
Americans.
If was the United States. under Jonn
Hay, as Secretary of State when nrsl
enunciated the famous opeh-uoor
policy in China, meaning eauai com
mercial opportunity there for all 'iie
nations of the world. Since Japan TOOK
the German base her attitude as 10
China is believed to have been altered.
The reason assigned for Japan's par
ticipa ton in the military operations IN
the far east was her obligation 70
Great Britain under the terms OF .he
alliance But the alliance also pledses
the signatory powers to the preserVa.
tion of the territorial integrity OF
China. and consequently Japan, IN sl ner
ultimatum to Germany ~ ~volun.aIits ! y
China in the event of Germany sur
rendering the protectorate "ienou'
fighting.
Some of the Japanese newspapers
have taken the fine point that Japan S
undertaking to return the territory
was dependent upon its peaceful sur
render by Germany. Papers such as
the Japan Times and the China Weekly
Advertiser both of which enjoy a
semi-official status. have pointed out
that it would be disgrace to Japan to
attempt to evade her obligations on a
point that might appeal to fourth
rate police court solicitor, but to no
one else.
Not content with letting the ulti-
matum itself proclaim the correctness
of Japan's motives. the prime minister,
Count Okuma, telegraphed message
TO the American people reaffirming that
Japan had no ulterior motive, no de-
sire of securing more territory and no
thought of depriving China or other
neoples of anything which they now
possess.
Japan voluntarily gave assurances to
the world that she would not take ad-
vantage of the situation created by the
war to occupy permanently any portion
of Chinese territory, though the terms
of her alliance with Great Britain rem
dered any such pledge supererogatory.
Germany, as was generally anticipat-
ed, decided not to surrender kiaochou
without a struggle. The purely mill
tary operations are well known, but
some questions became involved. One
arose Immediately. Japan made prep
Evening star., 1915-04-11

palace tmind. it does not belonS -
either father or mother) on the shoyeo
of the Norrstrom.
In the palace is a hardworked dipfo.
mat Occasionally his mind wandeso
from his official duties, and he won.
ders where he will find another palace
Is there another such PALACE IA
Sweden2
Far away from them all, watching
over the soldiers of her fatherland, Is
the princess. Does she know that her
return means the exodus of Amert-
can diplomat?
So a royal couple, an American min
lister, and. incidentally, the remainder
of Sweden is awaiting the end-and
all is governed by the months or years
of the war.
Evening star., 1915-04-11

places. like the palace he now occupies
are rarities in Sweden, and it was only
by unusual good luck that he had oo-
tained his home at all
* !:
That is the situa ation today. In
Stockholm a thin, rather sad-faced
young man awaits the end of the war
With him Is a chubby, happy-faced
boy who plays with young lion ana
is not afraid. These are Prince VIII
helm and Prince Lennart. The father,
the little son and the lion cub have
become great chums. But they are
awaiting the return of the princess
and life resumed in the little prince
Evening star., 1915-04-11

After bathing, the penitent usually
goes to church for a session of prayer
or joins the religious procession, after
which he generally winds up the occa-
sion by attending the cockpit and bet
ting on his favorite rooster.
AS few books of reference contain
anything relating to the origin of the
custom, the following, copied from an
ecclesia stical encyclopedia of a Manila
minister, may be of interest as illus
trating that there were fanatics in
other lands at other times:
"Flagellants (fagellantes), Brothers
of the Cross (crucifrates), cross bear
ers (cruciferD, Brothers In White ESQ
called because of their dress) and in
dependents (acephali, because they had
names of morbid fanatics from the
thirteenth to the fifteenth century. The
prelude to the fagellant pilgrimages
was the fraternity brought into life by
the preaching of Anthony of Padua
(about 1210). The men composing 1t
went about in large bodies singing and
scourging themselves.
-.
I'm 1260-61 many of the inha bitants
OF the Guelph city of Perugia began
suddenly, as if vehemently moved by
a mighty spirit of repentance. to flag
ellate themselves with leather thongs
High and low, old and young. went to-
gether in procession. two and two.
with bodies barred above the waist,
through the streets. Their numbers
increased like an avalanche. Some
marched through Lombardy to Prov
ence; others went to Rome. The Pope
did not molest them. as they did not
resist the ecclesiastical authorities,
Evening star., 1915-04-11

the ceremony is at Navotas, in the
province of Rizal, about fifteen miles
from Manila This town is pictur-
esouely situated at the confluence of
the Navotas river and Manila bay. and
it is along the shores of the latter that
the early morning visitor may witness
the strange performance. Two days
Holy Thursday and Good Friday-are
devoted to its observance.
Holy Thursday the penitent dresses.
or rather undresses, for the occasion.
Each man strips himself to the waist
and with the aid of friends binds him
self securely with ropes, chains or
vines The thongs are left loose enough
about the legs to permit slow walk
ing. crown of thorns is then placed
on the head and long veil over the
face. The veil seems to be used for
the purpose of concealing the facial
evidences of suffering as the ceremony
Evening star., 1915-04-11

1t took wor1d-sha king cataclysm to
divorce the Princess Marie from her
youthful love of play. Great clouds ap-
peared on the horizon. The impossible
was becoming real. Nations stared in
credibly. Then came the crash-the
European war had begun.
Those who know say that the change
in the Princess Marie from the very
moment when Russia was threatened
with war was astounding. The light
hearted. dancing princess became the
woman of responsibilities. Soon after
the war began she offered her services
as a Red Cross nurse, and is. at the
moment, with the Russian troops and
in charge of hospital.
If her complete change in ideals as
tonished those who knew her in Rus
sa, it must have paralyZed the Swed-
ish court. Here was butterfly prin-
cess remade overnight into a self-sacri-
fcing woman. facing the hideous reali-
ties of war, scorning the comfort and
ease of other years. and displaying.
withal, a courage that would hardly
be expected in one whose whole life
had been one of sheltered ease. One
kind of courage enables an individual
to take horse over fve-barred
jump. Another kind of courage en-
ables a woman to minister to the needs
of writhing, moaning soldier They
are different kinds of courage. how.
ever Evidently the royal house or
sweden was profoundly impressed by
the change which had come over the
Princess Marie, for within short time
certain friends of Princess and Prince
wilhelm went to her and urged rec
onciliation. The princess was wiling.
Evidentlv the desire to return to her
family was strong. But greater things
held her.
II will return she is reported to
have said, but only after Russia Is at
peace"
Those friends who had delegated
themselves to be peacemakers pleaded
with her and had no success. After
the war she would return. Until that
time she would remain at her post as
Red Cross nurse.
Now enters the United States minis
ter, Ira Nelson Morris, a wealthy Chi
caso packer When Morris received his
appointment his one desire was that
the American legation should be of suf-
ficient grandeur to uphold the dignity
OF his country, and being a man who
was not dependent upon his salary as
diplomat, he began search for q
house. castle or palace that would suit
his needs. Eventually he learned that
the palace OF Prince Lennart was va
cant. 1t had been decided to the little
nor his father lived there. The rent
was high. Nevertheless Minister Morris
leased 1t.
Then began a series of lavish enter
tainments Some reports credited the
American minister with spending
100000 year in the entertainments
which he gave. The American minister
lived magnificently. much as the Prin-
cess Marie had lived in days gone by.
He and his wife. according to the sto-
ries which drifted back to America.
achieved all that they desired in the
way Of social recognftion-all and
more. They were favorites everywhere.
Then came the European war.
Soon the great palace became center
of business. Refugees of many nations,
with grievances and urgent needs. call
ed upon the United States minister. So
cial engagements lanEuishe0 while
Evening star., 1915-04-11

trail figure IN thts queer international
tangle.
This is the story:
When she was seventeen years old
the beautiful Princess Marie was mar
ried TO Prince wilhelm. who. SO goes
report was. and is. quiet. domestic
sort OF man, who is not overmuch
given to the frivolities of life. There
seems to have been some ante-nuptial
debate between the royal houses prisr
10 the marriage.
Princess Marie's father. the Grand
Duke Paul Nicholojevitch was a typi-
cal Russian aristocrat and stood high
in tho court of the ozar. His young
daughter had been brought up in the
magnificent, almost barbaric, splendor
Of Petrograd court life.
Any one who has read of the imperial
court of Russia knows that 1t 10 not
comparable with other courts in the
western world Its wonderful luxury.
Evening star., 1915-04-11

the casual display of tremendous
wealth, the bewildering. never ending
have never failed to profoundly i'm
press the visitor. Princess Marie lived
this life and danced through won
derful maze. Then. at the age of sew
enteen, when her cup of JOY was full.
she married the quiet. domestic Prince
Wilhelm.
Soon afterward stories began to
creep out There was a disagreement
somewhere The King Of Sweden was
displeased as was the queen. Princess
Marie was making things lively. All
this at the time was either ignored or
sisted.
Meanwhile the princess. who possess
ed considerable wealth of her own. be-
gan the construction of the magnificent
palace in the Royal Deer Park, which
is known today as the Palace Of Prince
Lennart. 1t was designed on noble
lines Everything about 1t carried the
Evening star., 1915-04-11
kNEELrNG AT THE PRAYER HOUSE.

thirty-six hours preceding noon of
Good Friday. In Spanish times it is
said that exposure to the intense heat
of the midday sun and lack of nour-
ishment frequently resulted in serious
illness or death.
1t is on Good Friday that the spec
tacular show and the real suffering
take place. At daybreak the penitent
arises from his bed of sand and is pre-
pared for the finish His back, bruised
and sore from the treatment received
on the previous day. is lacerated with
a knife or broken glass until the blood
runs down his body. The regalia worn
the day before Is donned and he is
given a rope at the end of which are
tied six or eight pieces of bamboo about
six inches long, similar to a CATO
nine-tails With this fail the fanatic
begins to beat his back, first from one
side and then the other.
This is continued about five hours,
when the muscles of the back are a
mass of bruised and bleeding flesh. At
intervals of five or ten minutes and al
ways when the reading of the passion
is heard. the companion applies leath-
er thong, rope or stick to the legs and
body of the penitent. At times an in
strument shaped like a hairbrush. In
which are embedded many sharp pieces
of broken glass, is used. 1t is applied to
the penitent as he lies on the ground,
face downward, arms outstretched, in
the image of the cross.
The ceremony of Good Friday ends
about IL o'clock in the morning, when
the penitent wades out in the sea and
takes salt water plunge. This OF it
self must be rather painful, considering
the condition of the penitent's flesh.
Evening star., 1915-04-11
.,ss s rs.19us T OF

sense of the ridiculous that is extraor-
dinarily keen. and that she did not hes
itate to use this weapon at the expense
OF certain solemn personages who were
accustomed to difference. All OF this
did not aid matters. Finally one DAY
the break came The princess departed
for Paris, where she met her father,
and held a long conference. Possibly
she told him of her growing dislike
for the Swedish court 1t may have
been that she was urged to give up her
residence in Sweden and return to her
native country. These are con5cctures
But the fact remains that as q result
of this conference the princess depart
ed with her father for Petrograd.
First. however, she decided her mag
nificent Swedish palace to Prince Len
mart. Through all the storms Of do
mestic life In Sweden her love for her
little son remained the same. What
ever happened. the palace should be
his.
Back. then. to the never-ending gaye
ty of the Russian court-the life tha
is song and sunshine and dancing.
Evening star., 1915-04-11

PRINCE "IIHELM OF SWEDEN
delayed and not overcourteously treat
ed. A British officer had clambored
aboard and had bawled all manner of
orders. What was the great and pow
erful government of these United
States going to do about this"
Travellers were being swindled by
companies who issued checks. The rate
of exchange was extortionately high.
Could not some complaint be made to
the State Department whereby these
companies would be compelled to an
nounce publicly that these checks were
not worth their face value in foreign
countries?
Baggage had been seized. Was there
no reparation? How about getting back
Evening star., 1915-04-11

tarried longer than a single day in a
town. They gained great popularity.
and it was considered an honor to en-
tertain them.
The feeling however underwent a
complete change. The fagellants be-
gan to be burden to the people. Nine
thousand passed through Strassburg
alone in three months. The clergy
inveighed against their assumption.
The arrival of a band at Avfgnon was
finally the occasion for Clement VI to
issue a bull October 20, l349) forbid
ding their pilgrimages and command
ing the authorities in church and state
to suppress them This was efficacious.
thusiasm break out again. The trial
of a fagellant in Anhalt lS4i, is the
last vestige of the movement In Ger
many.
THE fraternities which appeared at
the end of the fourteenth century. In
Italy. France and Spain were of
different character. but likewise plead
ed a divine command Christ and Mary
anpeared to peasant and revealed
that the destruction of the world could
only be averted on condition of a flag
ellant pilgrimage. In 1898 large bands
appeared in Genoa. clad in long white
garments which covered the head. and
had only two holes for the eyes. Priests
and bishops Joined them. But in 1899
Boniface TX had one of their number
executed, and the fanaticism disap-
peared.
.'The council of Constance took the
matter under discussion (and Gerson
wrote a tract against them, Contra
Sectum Flagellantiumo. Flagellating
fraternities existed In France in the
sixteenth century, were used by Henry
III and suppressed by Henry ~. $50
late as 1920 procession Of Flagellanta
passed through the streets OF Lisbon.)'
Evening star., 1915-04-11

There was one problem, however,
that stumped him.
Announcement was made of the COM
ing reconciliation of Princess Marie
and her husband, and it was generally
agreed that this reconciliation would
come about when the European war
was ended. What of the lease on the
magnificent palace of Prince Lennart?
1t was discovered that the lease could
be instantly cancelled by royal decree.
in other words, the American minister
might retain his regal home only until
such time as the prince and princess
were rejoined. Then he must arise
and take up his bed and walk. At
first the prospect of househunting did
not seem a serious one. But the Ameri-
can minister was soon to find that
Evening star., 1915-04-11
PROsTRATE ON THE SAND.

Prince Wilhelm
His Beautiful Russian Wife, Princess Marie United States Minister Also
Palace Of Young Prince
Hom-How the War Has
eUuR,n of and Is
Evening star., 1915-04-11
tampine Out the "Flagellante" Sect in Philippines

Missionaries Teachers Are Aiding Kidding Islands of
Still Secons-Relgou
Middle AgPntent Endeavo Initiate the Sung
Shoud Mystery Philippine
Province R About Fifteen Miles From
Days. Devoted ObranceFow the
FanatP Punish ThensV
Evening star., 1915-04-11

pie it is given out that her family was
Objectionable to the royal household.
Her own determination to live a life
of excitement. regardless of the opin-
ions of others. brought frowns of dis
approval to the foreheads of those who
were near the throne.
1t is said that the princess possesses a
Evening star., 1915-04-11

were putting on their clothes col
lection was taken up among the audi
ence.
THE scene was concluded by the
reading of a letter from Christ, which
an angel brought to earth and which
commended the pilgrimaSes of the
fla gellants. The fraternities never
Evening star., 1915-04-11

-HE old custom of bodily punish
ment to do penance for sins
committed is practiced in but
q few countries of the world to-
day. There are few sects of
"tTagelIantes" in Old and New Mexico
and parts of South America. In justice
to the United States government, the
missionaries and American teachers in
the Philippine Islands. 1t should be
noted that the practice is dying out In
the Philippines. Enlightenment and
education will eventually stamp out
completely such relic of superstition
and ignorance.
Each year. during holy week. Manila
residents who have sufficient curiosity
arc permitted to see religious observ-
ance which savors of the middle ages.
The principals on these occasions are
known as "Flagellantes," or "Peni-
tentes,' and their operations are gem
orally confined to isolated sections of
outlying barrios. These fanatics en-
Evening star., 1915-04-11

Morris took up tasks at once arduous
and difficult. Gentlemen came to him
with every known variety of complaint
For instance. the boat on which they
had travelled to Sweden had been way
laid by British cruiser. They had been
Evening star., 1915-04-11

IN Inanity, increased commerce
A\ and the like. Sweden is deeply
6 q interested in the probable
and Of the European war. for with the
and 81 the war will come an end of the
estranRement which has existed be-
tween Prince wilhelm of Sweden and
his beautiful Russian wife, Princess
Marie Paulovna.
The United States minister Ira Mel
son Morris. is also interested IN the
reconciIia ton of the royal couple. Or
his part in this romantic drama there
will be more later.
Towe ering. high over the actors and
actresses is the huge white palace of
Prince Lennart-a magnificent struc-
1ure situated in the Royal Deer Park
on the north bank Of the Norrstrom.
Swedens famous river. 1t is the CEN
Evening star., 1915-04-11

to America? What were the chances OF
being sunk by submarine in transit?
Problems piled up, but. according to
the State Department. Minister Morris
showed himself equal to every emer-
gency.
Evening star., 1915-04-11

deavor to initiate the sufferings of
Christ, and the accompanying photo
graphs are fairly indicative of the ex
cesses to which faith. unrestrained by
reason. may bring one.
SO far as it is within the province of
the layman to investigate. there is a
nota BILE lack of literature or local ira
dition relative TO the origin of these
observances of the "Penitentes."
During the Spanish regime there were
great numbers of "Penitentes" in all Of
the Christian settlements of the Philip
pines. The inf1iction of self-punishment
was permitted on the streets and in the
churches. But after a while many To-
cal governments prohibited it entirely
and the churches disclaimed any con-
nection with the sect known as "Peni-
tentes."
One of the best opportunities to see