davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
The War in Mexico
Latest Developments Among Our Revolution
ary Neiehbors of the South.

official adyices said famine condi
tions in his territory were fnghtful.
City Evacuated Again.
FL, PASO Texas, July 19.-Mexico
City has beeen evacuated oy the Gar
ranzistas under General Papio Ion'
zales, was the unconfirmed report cir.
culated by local Villista omclais mere
today. The approach of an expedition-
ary column under General Rodoiro
Fierro from the north is said TO nave
caused Gonzales to give up control OF
the capital
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
Decisions lssued Today.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service-1 ]
WASHINGTON, July 19.-The inter-
state commerce commission today
Re-held that oil rates, California.
Kansas and Texas to Arizona are un-
reasonable.
Set aside as unreasonable, rates on
lumber and other commodities i'll a
large southern and southeastern ter
ritory.
Upheld cancellation of elevation al
lowances on grain and seeds for do
mestic use at Kansas City and other
points.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
Announce Names Tomorrow.

IUnited Press Leased Wire Servicel
WASHINGTON, July 19.-9Aang-
ing his mind again today, Secretary
Daniels said he would wait until
Tuesday before announcing who
would be asked to serve with Thomas
A. Edison on his new naval board of
invention and development. 1t was
understood the delay was to enable
him to receive answers from men
he had asked to take places on the
board.
One of those from whom he was
understood to be especially anxious
for favorable reply was Henry
Ford. OF Orville Wright's selection,
there was no doubt, but inasmuch as
he had already Informally signified
his willingness to serve, it was not
believed the secretary was holding
back on account Of him.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
TURKEY

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.1 ]
ROME, July 1e.-Fifty Turkish Off
GERS In the garrison at Adrianople
have been shot for instigatins an
anti-German plot, according to Salon
ika dispatches printed by tho TrIbuna
today.
Rome newspapers recently printed
reports that the Turkish troops had
evacuated Adrianople, fearing Bull
aarian attacks. The Tribunals dis
patch Is therefore contradictory.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
WARSHIP SENT TO
SANTO DOMINGO
Revolutionary Troubles There Have
Caused Apprehension for
the Foreigners.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service ]
WASHINGTON, July 19.-The war
ship Nashville was ordered today
from San Juan, P. r., to Santo Dr-
mingo City.
This was at the request Of the state
department, which was worried col
cerning foreigners safety owing to
revolutionary troubles.
The Paducah was sent to San Juan.
where there are several interned Ger
man ships to be watched.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
Strike is Close at Hand.

limited Press Leased Wire SerV1ce]
NEW YORK. July 19.-Matters had
reached a crisis in the garment indus
try today. Eight thousand citizen
clothing makers announced definitely
thew would strike today or tomorro"
and 10000 clothing workers IN 9th
er departments were holding them.
selves in readiness to quit at word
from their leaders. Private media
tors we're making, eleventh hour at
tempts to avert a general strike here
which If called, will be the forerun'
ner of a clothing strike all over the
United States, according to union off,
cfalS
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
Leo M. Frank Whose Throat Was Cut Saturday
Night by Cell Mate Has Chance of
Surviving the Wound
EVERYTHING IS AGAINST HIM HOWEVER
Convict Who Slashed Him with Butcher Knife,
is Chained to Concrete Post and Says
He Had an Inspiration.

refused to talk today except to deny
that he was influenced by anyone
else and to assert that he had an "in-
spiration."
His wife, an employe in Column
husband has been insane since child
hood when he was injured by GLOW
on the head.
Members of the prison commission
also are inclined to the opinion that
Green is maniac.
Gave Him tho Idea.
READING, Pa. July 19.-After read
ing an account OF the attempt on tlla
life of Leo M. Frank, Mike Dttinger.
In the local jail, cut the throat OF
Frank s. Wavely, fellow prisoner.
killing him. He then killed himself
with the same knife.
Promises Not 90 Suicide.
NEW YORK. July 19.-Charlss
Becker, sentenced to be electrocuted
July 28, for instigating the murder ot
Gambler Herman Rosenthal, will not
cheat the chair by committing suicide.
The convicted police lieutenant 80
sured Warden Osborne OF that today
when the warden demurred at allow
ing Becker to wear shoes, fearing
that he might use the metal arch sup
port to kill himself.
Warden" said Becker, II won't
kill myself, although II wanted to,
nothing On earth could stop me- He
got the shoes.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
confesses Four Murders.

IUnited Press Leased Wire Service.1
CHICAGO, July 19.-State's Attor.
ney Hoyne today prepared papers to
petition authorities at Buffalo. N. Y.
to send Casimtr Arieszewski back here
for trial on charges Of numbering
Jacob Mislich, his wife, daughter and
granddaughter with an axe in July,
1911 Arieszewski is th.s man who
gave himself up to the Buffalo police,
who said the man told them his con-
science tortured him SO he was COM
PEELED to confess the so-called Blue
Island murders.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
Candidate for "Lady Cops"

SAN FRANCISCO, July 19.-More
than 100 women in San Francisco
want to be lady cops" There are
three positions as women policemen
to be filed here, but 100 applicants
took the examination for the places
recently. All had to tell their ages, for
the regulations require that applicants
fust not be less than thirty nor more
than forty-four years of age.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
New Proposals..

CARDIFF, July 19.-Important new
proposals made by the British govern
ment to end the south Wales coal
strike, brought the meeting Of the
executive council of miners to an
abrupt adjournment at 2 o'clock this
afternoon. What these proposals
were. none of the members would say.
The officers prepared to leave at
once for London, but received another
message from President Walter Runc!-
man of the board of trade, saying
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19

limited Press Leased Wire Service.
WASHINGTON July ia report
nv Germany on the Orduno incident
viii be asked by the United States
government, it was predicted here to
day BY persons in close touch with
the administration.
The German-American situation was
expected to be taken up between
President Wilson and Secretary Lans
ing directly following the formers ar
rival from Cornish. s
Both were known to have prepared
tentative drafts OF notes to the Ber
lin foreign ONCE. 1t was considered
likely, however, that there would be
radical changes in them, as result
Of the attack on the Orduna.
Both the president and his premier
were said to have mapped out their
notes under the impression that while
still adhering to the theory that her
submarine activities were legitimate
Germany had modified them in actual
practice.
The firing by q submarine sup.
posedly German, also supposedly with
outsNarning on q British merchant
vessel on which there We're American
passengers was believed likely to com.
pei complete reconsideration Of
their views by the executive and his
cabinet advisors.
Omcials who had been speculating
concerning the character OF the next
communication to Berlin were com.
pletely upset in their calculations by
the latest development. The chances
were, they said. that President Wilson
and Secretary Lansing themselves did
not yet know just how they would
meet the situation.
The upshot. 1t was predicted, would
De Fastening Of the German notes
dispatch. They did not think 1t so
certain, however, that a draft would
be laid before the cabinet Tuesday.
On the theory that the drafts already
prepared would have to go into the
discard as result OF the Orduna az.
fair, 1t was pointed out that substi.
tutes, or single substitute, would
have to be put in shape today. It was
questioned If this could be done salts
iactorily with so important a docu-
ment on such short notice. Its sub.
mission to the cabinet accordingly,
80 'oo6ht iihS1ieT ueAI Z lludy tlldl
tomorrow.
President Peturns to Work.
WASHINGTON, July 19.-President
wilson arrived in Washington at 9:35
a. m today and went at once from
tne railway station to tse white house.
secretary Houston was with the
president on his arrival.
The night on the train was hot and
tne executive who lost considerable
sleep during the early hours, did not
arise until late.
washington style, he donned suit
OF spotless white.
Before Cabinet Tomorrow.
lBy Charles P. Stewart, United Press
Staff Correspondent.
WASHINGTON, July 19.--The Ger.
man note almost certainly will be laid
before the cabinet Tuesday.
PRESIDENT Wilson and Secretary
lansing we're understood to have
made quick work of it today. They
were in conference at the white house
LOT about an hour.
Not much but silence was obtain
able after the talk was over, but an
atmosphere of finality prevailed
which left little doubt that the prep
aratlon had been whipped pretty well
INTO the shape the chief executive
and MS premier advisor wanted. Both
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
Want President to Investigate

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service ]
CHICAGO. July 19.--The Chicago
Federation of Labor today wired Pres.
ident Wilson copy Of resolutions
adopted by the federation, calling on
the president to investigate the trial
and sentence to life Imprisonment of
John r. Lawson.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
The Fergus Suit.

rIInited Press Leased Wire ServlceJ
SPRINGFIELD, ILL.,. July 19.-Plans
to go before Judge Creighton in th'9
Sangamon county circuit court late
this afternoon to ask for speedy
hearing of the J. B. Fergus injunction
suit which has tied up state ,appro-
nriations, were argued today.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
BAL KAAS

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service ]
ROME, July 1e.- Montenegrln
troops have occupied 6raIiovo after
defeating the Austrians In severe
engagement, according to dispatches
to the Tribuna.
SERBIA AND ITALY.
GENEVA, July 1e.-ReIations be-
tween Serbia and Italy are rapidly
becoming more unpleasant because Of
Serbia's aggressive campaign In Al
bania, according to Rome advices TO-
ady.
When the SerbIans occupied Duraz-
evacuate the city. The ServIans
ment 10 understood to have protested
to the other allies. Serbian troops
have taken up strategic positions Just
outside Durazzo.
The Italian censor passed a cable
dispatch from the Rome bureau Of
the United Press last night, stating
that Serbian troops following itaIy's
advice, have evacuated Durazxo.
GREECE IS ALARMED.
ATHENS, July 1e.-The Greek gov.
ernment today took cosnizance Of re-
ports that Greek residents Of Turkish
cities have been mistreated by Turk
ish officials and ordered to leave their
homes. The Greek charge d'affaires
at ConstantInope was instructed to
inquire if It is true 10000 Greeks have
been ordered to evacuate the town of
Avilaik and go to the interior of Asia
Minor. If the Turkish foreign office
answers in the affirmative, Greece will
demand that the order be cancelled.
Dispatches from SaIonika today
said officials there fear the massacre
Of Greeks and Armenians should re.
Iations between Turkey and Greece
arrow more serious.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19

their presence was not required. An
other meeting of the council was
then called at 8 p. m.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
ANADA

Iunited Press Leased Wire Service]
WINDSOR, Ont, July 1e.-Wm.
Lonney and Max L,akrytz are under
arrest here today charged with hign
treason. It is alleged the men have
been smuggling Austrians into the
United States by ferrying them from
Amherstburg and 6ois Blanc island.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
AUSTRIA

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.
ROME, July 19.-Twelve hundred
Austrian officers, including three gen.
erals, have been killed since the be-
aiming of the Austro-ltaIian war, ac-
cordina to estimates made here today.
SANK ITALIAN CRUISER.
VIENNA, (via Berlin wIreIess) July
1e.-An Austrian submarine yester-
day morning torpedoed and sunk the
Italian cruiser Giuseppe GaribaIdi,
south Of Ragasa. The cruiser sank
in fifteen minutes.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19
SANK ITALIAN CRUISER,
SUBMARINES OVERDUE.

ROME, July 1e.-Two Austrian SUBJ
marines engaged In reconnotering
along the italian coast are many days
overdue at the Austrian naval base at
PoIa, and havs been given up as lost,
Pola refugees reported on arriving at
tho italian frontier today.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-07-19

Read The Daily Gate City.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08
HIGH SCHOOL TEAM
TO TAKE REST TODAY
Metzler Starts Drilling Better Defense
Tomorrow to Meet Goshen
Next Saturday.

The local high school football team,
after it's One-sided victory Saturday
over the St. Joseph, Mich, high team,
will rest this afternoon and resume
practice for the Goshen game Tuesday
afternoon.
Tomorrow afternoon Coach Metzler
will start drilling his defense. a team
that can score 6S points on an oppo-
nent ought to be able TO hold them
scoreless is the belief OF local hackers
after the locals scored 6S points on
st. Joseph and then allowed the Mich
igan lads to score 20.
Reports from Elkhart. where the
high OF that town defeated the Goshen
team last Saturday. 80 TO 0, are TO the
effect that the locals will have to
travel hard to down Goshen next Sat
urday or Elkhart on Nov. 30.
Metzler will work the first team
against the scrubs who will use Co
shen and Elkhart formations, several
days during the week.
All men with the exception of Bur
ner. came out OF Saturdays tilt in fine
shape, but he Will be fit for next Sat
urday's game.
The second round OF the high school
football interclass league is scheduled
10 start this afternoon when the SEN
Tors will hook up with the juniors,
while the sophs are scheduled To take
on the freshmen.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08
WILL GET TOGETHER
ON PEACE INTERVIEWS
Federal Magnates i'm Future to Con-
suit First Before They
Talk.

CHICAGO. Nov. s.-This city.
whence have come most Of the dope"
stories about peace between the Fed
eral league and organized baseball,
was the birthplace today OF another
story TO the effect that after the an
nual meeting OF the Federal league
magnates in Indianapolis tomorrow.
nothing will be uncovered that will
definitely point 10 peace, but that there
Will be more consistently in the inter
views handed out by Federal club
owners.
At the meeting tomorrow the dope
sters here said today, there would be
better team work among the third
leaguers in giving out matter for pub
LEGATION. Recently Prest Gilmore in
New York declared that all the pub
Hshed stories of peace in the baseball
war were dreams of Chicago short
scribes, that the peace talk was start
ed by men who desired TO give the
impression to minor league club own
ers that peace was at hand. Almost
simultaneously in Chicago PreS't Car
les Weeghman, owner Of the local
Federal league club. gave out a. inter
view to the effect that Ban johnson
was the only man who was blocking
the peace negotiations.
1t was stated here today that there
are some sort of peace negotiations on.
Otherwise, it was pointed out, there
would be no excuse for the meeting
in Cincinnati. recently, between Garry
Hermann, chairman of the National
commission. Weeghman and Harry
Sinclair of Newark. The meeting at
Indianapolis tomorrow will be held
behind closed doors.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08
TWO PIN LEAGUES
CLOSE FALL BILL
FRIDAY EVENING
StudebakerS and TrioS to Close
Series With Teams in For
mer Being Closely
punched.

Two bowling leagues. the Stu
debaIker and Trio leagues, Operat-
IN at the studebaker club. close their
ran schedule season this week. This
has been customary In these two or
CARNATIONS for several years past
each club meeting every other team
in the league once in a sort Of pre-
lirninary affair which has proved very
satisfactory.
This year is no exception and the
curtain will be Tung down for the first
series next Friday evening unless
there are teams tied for prizes.
which is very apt 10 occur. In the
studebalSer league two teams. the
SpOkes and Tongues are tied for first
place. while the Bolsters and Skeins
are tied for second place. just one
game behind the leaders,
As neither of the two leading clubs
meet each other it is possible for
them TO be tied at the close Of the
week. But one or the other Of the
BOlsters and Skeins, who are tied
for third place. are bound 10 be elm
mated. Should either of the latter
named clubs win two games and the
two leaders only win one each the
schedule season would close with a
triple tie. which is very apt TO hap
pen as the league is noted for just
such things.
But in the Trio league things are
not so congested. The Starters have
a game the edge Of the Horns while
the latter are two games ahead Of
the CarbUrators and Tenders, the
latter two being tied for third place
Yet a quadruple tie is possible in the
event the Starters lose three games
the Horns two and the CarburatOrs
f-nd Tenders win three each.
Considerable Congestion.
Quite a number Of leagues present
n very congested situation, many Of
them being as compact as an accord
ian. In three Of the leagues, the Elks,
Federal and Temple. operating at
the Elks temple, q battle is in
progress between the leading teams
In the Temple league the Hairs and
Tusks are still locked tight for pOss-
essiOn OF first place. neither club hav-
ing gained any advantage during the
week.
Matters were made a trife more
complex in the Federal league last
wee.l owing TO the overthrow Of the
p4...-Is by the Bucktails and win
ninf OF TIE odd game by the Orphans
froIl the Tails, placing the latter
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08
WILL MEET WELSH.

WINNIPEG. Man, Nov. S.-Freddie
Welsh. lightweight champion. has
been matched to meet Canadian cham
pion OLeary here on Nov. Is.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08

AntIers' League.
Wednesday VS.. Prongs; Horns VS..
Factors; Jewels vs.. Bards.
Bankers League.
Thursday-F National VS. Union
Trust-Chapin South Bend National vs..
Citizens National: Merchants National VS..
American Trust; st. Joe Savings VS.. Nor
ris Plan.
City League.
wednesday-K Of C. VS.. Hullie & Mike +;
Jimmy x Goat vs.. Orpheum Ponies; Con
sentative Life Ponies VS.. X. n =. Bardeens
United VS.. Gilt Edge.
EIks' League.
Thrusdav-HoOfs vs.. Tylers; Stays vs..
Teeth; Temples vs.. Charms.
Federal League.
Thursday-O VS.. Antlers: Buck
tails VS.. Fawns; Federals vs.. Tails.
X. OF c. League.
Thursday-Pintas vs.. Santa Marias; Nj
mas rs. ChristOphers
49,, Neutral League; ~, ..
National GrOcerS vs.. Uniyersals.
News-Tlmes League.
neutrality-suspicious. vs.. Reporters; Cos
mos VS.. Makeups.
Post office League
Down T6vn vs.. registers; G. d. & Stamp
Us. Specials.
Printers League.
Tuesday Times vs.. ;. b. Engrav-
ing Co. Peerless Press VS. Tribunes Ind.
Engraving 60. VS.. Hardys No. 1; Hardys
No. rs. Hibberdidit.
singers League.
Friday CorrespOndence Us. +. X D.; Cost
vs.. Cabinet; Machinery VS.. Pay Roll; Ship
ping vs.. Accounting.
Temple League.
F'r1dUy-Stars VS.. beers: Hairs VS..
Bucks; TuSks vs.. TOasts.
Tribune League.
Monday-LnOtypes vs.. NOnparetls; Mats
~. Pen Pushers.
Oliver League.
thursday Accounting vs.. PRODUCTION (;
Assembling rs. Designing Purchasing VS..
Naleable: Grey Iron divers; Pattern
-. Forge; Cost -. Sales.
{. A. Club League.
Monday Athletics vs &. A. &.
Tuesday cubs vs.. Singers.
Wednesday VS.. Braves.
Thrusday-C. \ Ponies v. Stars.
Studebal<er League.
Monday Reaches vs. Hubs.
Tuesday Tongues vs.. Rims.
Wednesday ". Hounds
uTsday-BOlsters vs. Skeins.
Friday-SpOkes ". Axles.
Trio League.
MOnday-dOrnS vs. Equalizers.
IueSday-Pistons vs. CarburatOrs.
Wednesday Fenders vs.. Tops
Thursday FLINDERS v. Mufflers.
Friday WindShields vs.. Starters.
United League.
Monday-Silver Edge vs.. Jimmy Goat
Tuesday-Eagles y. kochler * Schafer.
Thursday v. Three rs
Walther League.
MOnday-SeniOrs vs.. InterstateS.
TueSday-DantS -. Handlers.
Thursday Athletics vs. Standards
Friday-Officials Us. NeversweatA
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08
0'NEllL WILL BATTLE
TO KEEP PRESENT JOB
Affairs of Western League to Get Air
ing at Meeting of Minor
Leagues.

SAN FRANCISCO. Nov. s. - One
fight that in all probability will de-
velop before the meeting here Of the
National Association of Minor Leagues
is very old one. 1t will be between
the magnates Of the Western league
and Tip" O'Neill, who has for years
been the organizations president.
Tip" still maintains that he is pres
ident.
Several Of the magnates, constitut-
ing a majority of the league, main
tain otherwise. w. r. Rourke of the
Omaha club, and f. J. Hanlon of
Sioux City. arrived yesterday Rourke
says that the league has not recognized
O'Neill as president since early in Sep
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08
BLUE RIBBONS WIN 20 TO O

The Blue Ribbons played the Blu
chanan football team off its feet on
Sunday afternoon at Buchanan, win
ming by the score OF 90 10 0. Lane and
and Subsinski starred for the locals
Fredericks made two Of the Blue Rib
bon touchdowns and Hanley made
one. Lane kicked two goals out OF
three attempts.
Next Sunday the Blue Ribbons play
the Mellows on Leper field. They
would like TO arrange a game with the
J. ks claimants for the city light
weight championship. For games
with the Blue Ribbons call 1897 Bell
between 5 and Z O'Clock in the even
ing.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08

TENDER. when he was ousted by ma
jOTity vote and HanlOn was elected
in his place. 1t is understood that
O'Neill who, according to many fol-
lowers of the game, has been respon-
sible for the Western leagues exist
ence, will make a fight to keep his job.
He will be opposed not only by
ROurke and Hanlon, but by McGill Of
Denver, Jones of Lincoln, and Savage
Of Topeka.
1t is probable that there will be
some lively doings on its account.
That there will be a movement
looking to wholesale reductions of
salaries is the general opinion.
The first session Of the association
will be held tomorrow afternoon at
l o'clock. Meetings Of the board will
be held mornings. afternoons and
evenings.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08
FIVE PLAYERS INJURED
Northwestern Men Will be Out of
Game Several Days.

CHICAGO, Nov. S.-Wfth five Grip
pied members of the first squad.
Northwestern today started this week s
practice. All five were injured in Sat
urday's game with Missouri and all
will be out of Scrimmage for several
days.
When Coach Stagg today took stock
of his University of Chicago athletes
he counted only one serious accident
that resulted from Saturdays game
with the Haskell Indians. Knipchild.
who played a sensational game at
quarter in the first half of the Has
kell game, suffered a wrenched Shout
der. 1t was believed he would be in
shape for next Saturdays game with
Minnesota if he is needed.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-11-08
HAHN TENNIS FAVoRITE
Defeats Man Who Bestcd Johnston.
National Champion.

SAN FRANCISCO. Nov. S.-Herbert
Hahn today was a favorite in the con-
test for the Pacific coast net cham
pionship. following the beating he ad-
ministered To II. Nandyke Johns who
had previously defeated William
Johnson. the national tennis cham
pion. Clarence Griffin, national dou-
bles champion and Miss Molla Blur
stedt, national woman champion, were
out OF the race for coast doubles hon
ors after losing the first round of
mixed doubles TO Helen Baker and Ro-
land Roberts.