Mohave County miner., 1915-03-27

INe HlilIlS Ol OuI NSiiio. 1HC HiCIoio are very sparsely distributed in the rock. Waters could gather up the amount which we find in our veins only by extensive wanderings; the limited circulation in and around fault would be insufficient. The same view of the distribution of ground waters was shortly adopted by T. A. Rickard and John w. Finch, in important contribu- tions.
 From another source the idea of mag matic waters received strong support in 1902. At the famous health resort of Carlsbad, Bohemia, was held con- gress of physicians and scientific men. At the invitation of the congress, an address was delivered by the venerable Austrian geologist, Edouard Suess, on the Carlsbad hot springs. Prof. Suess, as very young man, had made one of his first contributions to science, many years before, in paper on these springs and had considered them dur ing all the years of his subsequent life. He made the point that they were in no respect sympathetic with the rain fall; they poured out the same amount in times of flood and of drought, as testified by the records of thousand years. The spring waters are strongly charged with lime, and yet they come to the surface through granite, rock extremely low in lime. He therefore insisted that they could not conceivably originate in the rainfall. but that they were deep-seated waters, probably coming from some such mass of igneous rock as basalt. Since they were reached the upper world for the first time and were young, so to speak, he called them juvenile" waters. Since then, the name Juvenile" has been used as synonym of "magmatic, al- though from the different sense in which Juvenile" is used in English, the term "magmatic" is generally pre- ferred in this country.
 Another support for belief in mag matic waters is found in the phenomena of volcanoes. For many years geo. logists have observed that clouds of steam, or at least, of a vapor believed to be steam, were pouring forth from active vents. The conclusion was gen. erally reached that the expanding and even explosive steam had much to do with the bringing of lava to the sur face. Geologists had also observed that volcanoes were chiefly situated near the sea coast, or upon marin , islands. A view was often expressed that the sea water, percolating throu gh the rocks, migrated toward and into the hot molten magmas and thus fur nished the steam which finally emerged from the vent. An experiment of Dau- bree was cited in support, which show ed that water could be drawn by capil- lary attraction through an inch or two of porous sandstone into an underlying and tightly enclosed chamber in which was pressure of one or two atmos- pheres. Reflection brought out the inn portant point, however, that it was a very different thing for water to en- erge into an open cavity at moderate temperature and comparative low pres surer, and for the same water to mi grate through great thickness of rock of which the temperature gradually in- creased up to 2,000 or 5000 degrees F. The course of the water would be away from the highly heated mass of igneous rock as soon as it came within the in huence of it's heat. We have therefore concluded, in the last 10 years, that the steam rising from volcanoes is de- rived from gases of deep-seated origin, dissolved in the molten rock itself, and brought solved in the molten rock it. self, and brought by it to the upper world.
 About 1910 Swiss chemist named Paul Brun, residing in Geneva, publish ed some virws antagonizing the exis- tence of water in volcanic rock. MT. Brun has begun by determining in a careful way the fusion temperatures of feldspars and other rock-making