The Detroit times., 1915-11-25

Of
CD An international Court for
settlement OF all judicial
questions; that is. all ques-
tions which can be judged by
law.
20 An international Court OF
Cancellation for all other
questions.
90 Some form OF force 20 com
pei nations 10 submit dis
putes 10 these tribunals be-
fore going TO war.
t4J International conferences
for making and amending
International Law.
The experience OF the last 100
years with its hundreds OF broken
treaties, the experience OF this war
with it's violation OF international law
and national rights. have made prac-
teal business men who hold them
selves responsible for reasonable
progress. unwilling TO deal with any
possible remedy which has not sum
cient force behind IL for It's en-
forcement There is. however. diff
ference OF opinion, as To what kind
Of force shall be used 10 compel a
nation 20 submit its case to an in
lernational tribunal before going to
war - >
Military measures are by some
considered 10 be the only effective
ones. But there are very great dan
gers involved In such q course. AS
boys. when we had once begun TO
fieht. arguments did not stop us. We
had to be peeled of the other fel-
low. and every blow he got in on
MS made the pee!tRg just 10 much
harder AndG believe that when
the sisnatory nations have once TAX
on up arms against one OF their
number It viii be very hard indeed
TO get either sde TO give up. Every
soldier whose blood is shed in such
a war cannot but add an Slement OF
revenge to the purpose oDdiscipline
th-was- the original purpose of
the on-laught
In view Of such considerations,
the Committee of the Chamber OF
Commerce OF the United States,
whose referendum on this subject
vou will vote on In few weeks.
unanimously recommends that eco
nomic non-intercourse should be used
against recalcitrant nation in the
first place. TO be followed by mi'i-
tarv pressure only II such economic
pressure proves Ineffective.
1T has been said that economic
pressure will be more expensive
than military measures. On the
contrary, it is TO be remembered
that military force includes the
economic boycott always. No ma
ton goes 10 war without enforcing
nonintercourse against its enemy.
Economic pressure does not. how
ever. necessarily include military
force. In fact, it will, in many
cases. in my opinion, preclude the
necessity for military measures.
In such cases, at least, Z will be
far less expensive than military
force would he II used in the first
instance Moreover, it will be
found that the cost Of an economic
boycott will he more easily distrib-
uted than the cost Of military meas
ures can be This war has shown
the way. through the establishment
Of moratoria. through the discount
ing OF debts due from the enemy TO
private citizens, by advancing
money 10 disproportionately affect
ed businesses and similar measures.
These very measures, which
have been used 10 save the fnan-
cial standing Of the Warring nations.
have also proved that involuntarily
the neutral nations must share in
'hc losses OF such an economic mp
heaval Why not then, so fer rs
any selfish interest is concerned,
make such a boycott thoroughly ef
fectlve and so shorten the period
during which our losses can accum-
ulate?
Those who belittle the deterrent
effect of an economic boycott can
hardly have considered how many
phases OF everyday intercourse can
be inhibited by such a carefully
organized form OF reprisal.
1T will be- quite possible to-.
''fal Prohibit the buying or sell
ingi 10 offending nations.
"(b) Prohibit all financial inter
course with citizens OF the offend
ing nation or its national govern
mont.
"(cl Prohibit all postal, tele
graphic telephone and wireless
communication with the offending
nation,
"(dD Prohibit the payment of any
debts due to the citizens or cor
porations OF the offending nation.
"(e) Prohibit the clearance OF any
of the ships OF the Tending nation
from the ports OF any OF the sigma.
tory nations.
10 Prohibit all forms OF pas
senger traffic 10 and from the re-
calcitrant nation (other than the
exit OF foreigners).
"The time is ripe as never before
in history for this step forward to
ward more permanent peace. The