davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
Dorothy Epping HOnored

According to a dispatch received hy
the Oregonian from Berkeley, Calf.
Monday evening, Miss Dorothy Epping
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. J. A. Enpinp
was chosen Monday for the most i'm,
pQrtant part in the annual masque or
fartheneia' at the University of Cal.
Itornia, where she is a member of the
sophomore class. Miss Epping will be
:! he Jewel Sprte" and leading dancer.
Miss Epping is in the college of So
cial sciences. She is said to be one of
the university's most accomplished
dancers. Her place in the "Partho-
nela' was won after a spirited contest.
Miss Epping, who is we'll known for
her talent here, having danced at the
horticultural chautauquas, is member
OF the Delta Gamma sorority.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
McALISTER WRITES
MORE ABOUT HOGS

C. NJ. MeAlister, Of the Portland
Union Stock Yards. who was here sew.
eral weeks ago and delivered an address
on swine raising, states that be has re.
Gently been reading extensively to de-
termine what kinds Of products may be
raised here for hog food. His letter
follows:
Since visiting your city have inves-
tigated and read up on the subject of
cheaper feed that might be grown in
your section to Offset the present high
price of grain. | find that field peas,
corn and artichokes have been grown
successfully in western Oregon and
Washington. One of your prominent
farmers, F. f.. Batten, has demon
strated very fully that corn can be
grown and matured in your valley.
This | know to be fact, as he told me
he had seed corn of his own raising to
sell. The crops mentioned, j. e., peas,
corn and artichokes, can be hogged off
to good advantage.
Panel fences could be used to good
advantage, cOnfining the hogs to
small area at time; thus cleaning up
the crop as they go, and avoiding the
waste which would occur were they al
lowed to run over the entire field.
am still of the opinion that this is
the small farmers opportunity an trust
they will not dispose of their hogs un-
til they have given the above crops
trial. And am fully convinced that
along with the alfalfa, vetch and clover
and other forage crops they can raise
there that they can successfully raise
and fatten the hogs at profit.
Ii is pleasure to meet newspaper
men like yourself, who are progressive
and willing to boost those things that
have merit; and you and know that |
diversified farming is the greatest of |
thpcp
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
Knights Enjoy WaSCO Trip

Twenty-four Knights of Pythias en-.
joyed visit to Wasco last Friday night
by special train over the O-.W r. & N.
line to attend the annual district con.
vention. The local men were Joined by
a large delegation from The DaIIes.
The annual convention is one of the
most enjoyable events of the year for
the Knights.
The loca! Knighst have returned with
the highest praise for the hospitality OF
the Wasco people. "Fhe banquet they
served us, +" says Fred Blagdon, local
Chancellor Commander, Twas one of
the best have ever had the pleasure OF
sitting down to. They certainly showed
us a good time.
A number of officers of the Grand
Lodge were present.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
T0N0RR0R'S MEETING

So important is the apple growers
meeting Of tomorrow afternoon that
every grower in the Hood River valley
should be present. For tomorrow af-
ternoon the Hood River valley will Sc
lect delegates to attend the meeting to
be held a Tacoma next Monday, when
il is proposed to form and institute a
board of control for northwestern fruit
agencies. No question before north
western fruit growers ever called for a
more serious consideration, and the
orchardists of Hood River should give
IL their study and accept or reject the
plan with every grower represented.
Without great majority Of the grow
efs present tomorrow no action, what
ever ii may be, can result for the best
interest of the community.
The main task Of the proposed board
of control will be that Of regulating the
selling price of apples. Its members
will not be under the d0minancy of any
agency. A mere suspicion that they
were would tend to overthrow the very
foundation Of the system. The infor-
nation secured by them will be for the
benefit Of the smallest independent |
shipper as well as for the largest sell. |
ing agencies. The largest agency, if it
sells its apples at price below that
named by the board of control, will
bring forth drastic action on the part
Of the board as quickly as though it
were the smallest independent shipper
However. both may sell their fruit for
as much as can be obtained above the
selling price named.
At tomorrow's meeting it is proposed
to name seven delegates from the Hood
River valley. 1t is deemed most advis-
able by those who have studied the sit
uation most thoroughly that the Apple [
Growers Association, the Hood River :
Apple q Storage Co. and the Fruit 4
Growers Exchange each have repre- 4
sentative delegate, and that every 9th n
er separate shipping or selling interest q
be represented at the Tacoma meeting. .,
The movement for the formation of a b
BOARD Of control, as has been stated
lbove, does not take into consideration y
he merits of any selling agency. All 81
re to be considered and treated like. it
The movement is being pushed for Sc
he general good of the fruit industry, bs te
nd to obtain most beneficial results. m
very interest in the fruit growing and of
marketing industry should ally itself sh
nd give the proposed board of control 2u Jo
fair trial. IN
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
BUTLER WORKS FOR
HYGIENE SOCIETY

Leslie Butler was in Salem this week
having gone before the joint ways and
means committee of the senate and
house with a number of prominent
Portland men seeking an appropriation
Of S8l, 900 for the State Hygiene Soci-
ETY. for the coming two years. Paul
Seeley, of Portland. appeared before
the committee in behalf of Christian
Scientists. He combatted the views
of the members of the Hygiene society
as to the value of sex instructions in
the schools. Mr.. Seeley declared that
sex instruction in the schools tended to
arouse morbid curiosity in a child's
mind and proved harmful rather than
beneficial.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
Berkshire Boar for Service.

Berkshire boar, Laurels Robinhood
sired by the Grand Champion boar al
Spokane, Yakima and Oregon State Fairs
OF 1914, Laurel Champion, boar that
ma mas never been beaten in the show ring.
This young boar won first in the under
months classes at both the Spokane
and Montana State Fairs, and is a splen-
dld individual, out of litter of II and
all good ones. Terms: $500, PAYABLE at
ilrst service, with privilege of return.
No deviation from these terms. f. f.
Batten, Phone 1873. i2Stf
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
Catarrh Cannot Be Cured

with LOCAL APPLICATIONS as tbev
cannot reach the seat of the disease Ca
tarrh Is blood or constitutional disease
ana IN order TO cure II you must take in
ternal remedies. Halls Catarrh Cure is
taken internally, and acts directly upon
Catarrh Cure is not a quack medicine, II
was prescribed by one of the best phy-
siclans In this country for years and is
a regular prescription. 1t is composed of
tne pest tonies known, combined with the
,,,I, nesI Dloou purifiers. acting directly on the
mucous surfaces. The perfect comhina
Ton of the two ingredients is what pro
duces such wonderful results in curing
GIatarrh. Send for testimonials, free
r. ): CHENEY & CO. Props, Toledo. O.
Sold by Druggists price 75c.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
PRUNED BILL CAUSES
COURT TO BE SUED

II. A. Moser, who was here the lat
ter part of last year auditing the books
of the county for the State Insurance
Commission under the law providing
for systematic accounting of county
business, through his attorney, +. G.
Smith, last week filed a. suit against
the county court for the recovery of
500 so, alleged to be due for services
of auditing. The suit comes as re-
suit of the county court having clipped
Mr.. Moser's original bill, S37l.75, by
the amount asked for in the.sut.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
Glacier ExplOdeS

A dispatch from Fairbanks, Alaska,
tells of the explosion of a glacier in
that vicinity. The dog team of a
freighter was overturned and his goods
hurled into the air. The stream of
water that gushed from the ice was
two feet in diameter.
Such glacial geysers have often been
seen by those who live IN the Upper
Valley. Several years ago Col. and
Mrs. Tucker saw a column of water
and spray burst from Eliot glacier.
Summer before last the guests at
Cloud Cap Inn wacthed with interest a
similar phenomenon.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
White Salmon Cannery Stock Increased

AT the annual meeting of the stock
holders of the Columbia River Cooper-
ative Cannery at White Salmon Satur-
d1ay. the old board of directors, ]. X.
McCraeken, of Portland, president. was
reelected. Some bylaws relative to
handling the coming seasons crop
were adopted and it was decided TO
make an increase of SIS, 600 in the cap
ltaI stock. A large share of this was
subscribed at the meeting.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
Notice for Bids

Bids will be received by the board of
directors of the East Fork Irrigation
district in person at the meeting of
said board of directors on Saturday,
FEB. lS, 1915, at 10 O'Clock a. M, for
starting and saving 100000 feet of
lumber at the mill of said irrigation
district on Neal Creek, the lumber to
be delivered and piled in the yard at
the mill. Geo. r. Wilbur, Sec'y. I.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

! 1t Is an i'll wind that blows nobody
good, The price of feed went up amid
a groan from swine raisers who did not
have suctiiient feed for their animals.
But 1t gives Chas. ]. Moody, an Upper
Valley rancher, an idea and his pigs
are sold at a profit.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

Hood River apples cannot be beaten,
The Cooper & Laraway Jonathans, al
though two years old almost, would
take.prizes over fresh apples in some
communities.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

No doubt many ranchers who former
iy had strawberry tracts wish they had
their berries now instead of SO MANY
apple trees. Mr.. Porter's suggestions
are well mt ----@----~
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

The prophecy of the ground hog
seems to be coming true locally. An
other day of this good weather and the
birds will not await st. Valentines S
Day for their mating.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

Chas. N.Clarke should have searched
more carefully in other crevices in his
former drugstore. He might have dis
covered a Mona Lisa.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

A team of Pegasuses could not have
done better sthan the misunderstanding
the Connaway Mercantile Go. delivery
wagon last week.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

II is not what a new court house
would be. but the new court room is,
indeed, an improvement.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

Hog and harmony are subjects on
which all fruit growers seem to be
talking now.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
Meeting of Park Grange

: Regular meeting of the Park grange
will be held at the Barrett school house
on Saturday, Feb. l3, at 10 clock n.
m. All members are urged to be pres
emf
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

Spring poets and new automobiles
are making their debuts.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

We wonder if the Allies and the Ger
mans will exchange valentines.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
PINS, FURS AND FEATHERS

J. K. Carson received a letter from
an old time friend in Kentucky the
other day that caused him to grow
reminiscent. When Mr.. Carson, who
now breaches sermons 10 recalcitrant
tramps who desire to linger too long
around Hood River, was o boy the
dramatic temperament was strong
within him. The friends letter caused
hlm TO remember a memorable day.
when be and a number of boy friends
Killed a large gray hawk. The majestic
blrd lying cold and still in death on the
blue grass Of the Kentucky pasture
caused the blood lust of the Young
hunters to turn to pity. Out of the
boughs of a red cedar they formed a
pier and bore the big bird away TO a
little natural smphitheater formed bv
limestone bOulders. MIR. Carson was
acknowledgement the funeral oration.
and-there in the land of corn whiskey,
beautiful women and fleet footed thor
oughbred horses, was sounded forth one
OF the most touching funeral service
sermons. MIR. Carson declares that that
was his masterpiece.
The report Of the county court for
the February meeting shows that six
bob cats were killed, atileast bounties
were paid on that number, durinpsthe
month of January. Two coyotes were
killed in the county.
1T the city council would levy a tax
or license on cats, it is very probable
that enough revenue could be collected
TO care for good portion of city ex-
penses; that is, if the tax could be
collected. 1t would either bring in a
nice return or lead to an determination
OF cats. A census of the Hood River
cat population would show astounding |
hgures, Judging by the sing fest the |
felILes often hold in the evenings.
Pollution of various streams in which
salmon and other food fish are won't to
spawn and propagate is to be prevent
ed by bill passed by the house Mon
Jay. The following rivers are thus
protected: Wallowa, Grand Ronde.
UmatiIla, joni Day, Hood, MoIalIa'
Mckenzie, Umpqua and Rogue.
1t is reported that scarcely a day
'asses that Governor Withycombe does
lot receive letters from people of east
IN Oregon demanding that they have
ONE relief from the rabies epidemic
nat ls said to exist there among coy
ties. The following is a specimen of
he letters, showing the sentiment
mong the ranchers of the prairie dis.
ricts:
Il respectfully submit to you the fol-
'Wlng statemens relative to the prev
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

Fast Due memory refreshing stamps
have been added to our ready made
stock; They are neat in appearance
and the wording is to the point. ASK to
see sample.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

For Sale = Fine full bleoded Plymouth
ROCK Hockerels, Mrs. j, A. Henderson, Bin.
gen. WASH. flA
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

If you want shoes that don't go
wrong 90 to Johnsen's.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
MISCELLANEOUS

LOST Black Shepherd dog with cream
LIN Lin mugs on feet, forelegs snout and spot
OYER OYER eaeh eye Hair medicm length. Carl
hagen' Booth Hill, Odell, Ore. fis
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

For Sale-Team OF bay horses, weight 2lOt
Phone 565i c. X. Osgood, flS
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
FOR SALE

For sale-A No. Faultless Grub Hook. j.
II, Eggert, r. F. d. No 2. fIs
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
SOCIETIES.

MT. HOOD COUNCIL No 8. R. & s. NJ. Meets
In Masonic Hall every third Tuesday in
each month. "
n - H. L. DuMBLE, T. l. M.
ii. HERsHNER, Recorder.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
Upper Valley Bonds Sold

The Upper Vally high school board
has accepted the bid of Morris Bros,
of Portland, on the $4,000 high school
bonds. The bid was made through the
Butler Banking Co., who represented
Morris Bros.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

HOOD RIVER CHAPTER NO. 25, O, S.
Meets second and fourth Tuesday evening
oi each month Visitors cordially welcomed
MRS. K. D. GOULD, W. M,
MISS ALTA POOLE, Secretary. '
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

For Sale-A good, gentle young Jersey COW
X. G. Glanville, Brookside Drive. RS
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
Subscription. sI.5O Per Year.

When subscTi bers desire change IN address
this Office should be notified promptly, and a
week before If possible Always give old ad-
dress as well as the new. A lsO, Hood River
subscribers should notify This Office at once
when changing their address from one rural
route 10 another, OF from city delivery TO
country delivery, or vice versa II you do not
get your paper promptly, notify Us by mail OF
telephone and the matter viii be Investigated
Except it pertain 10 live news matter. com
municu.lOu~, or articles uf "a general nature
should be in the offiCe by Monday TO insure
their appearing In the issue OF the current week
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

HAZEL REBEKAH LODGE No. l56, LO.OF
Meets the first and third Tuesday evening in
each month in the Odd Fellows Hall seven
miles south of Hood River, r. d. i
H. S. Caughey Sec. ''' w.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

FOR Sale-Several desirab lots in good 10.
catIohs at real bargain prices. Terms easy.
A. W. Onthank. If
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

For sale-1st and I'd choice of three good
COWS, also | registered Duroc boar. Phone
5622 j. R. FOrden, r. +. ID. No. 3. ma
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

KEMP LopGE, No. lsl, l. o. Q. F.-Meets in.
odell odd Fellows hall every sat mr.
Gay night. Visitors cordially welcomed
n =, .,- SUMNER CAMERON, N. O.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

For Butter Labels printed in accord
the Glacier office. oIi' tf "'
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

-, For Sale-A choice of two team, $500 to 5000.
Phone 4729. Ben H. Lage. flS
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

TfPEWRITERs-For sale or rent on easv
terms A. W onthank 'eh' oi on easy
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

Hood River, Ore. Jas, Stranaho11 o.
O ID. Nickelsen, Sec. Leslie Rnt.ar res res:
Call phone 1901, iieas'
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

".O. W.-Regular meetings are neld the first
ana thlTd Mondays OF each month at X. Of
T. nall visitors cordially invited. b, c. G.
Gao c,o.,.. o, l.. B. Gibson, c. c.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

HOOD RIVER CAMP. NO. 7es NJ NJ
Meets in X of p hall every Ist and ars y1os O.
OF each month. James Hawthorn. y q
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

-, Matching eggs from bellevue strain) NJ. b.
turkeys, large type; s. c. White Leghorns and
Slcilan Butter Cups. Write for price or phone
4774. IL. f. j, Sieverkropp. apr29
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

FOR Sa,e-Horse, harness and buggy. Cara.
orans Parker, telephone 1898. III
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
WANTED

,Manted-A position in orchard by man
K. F. d. No 2. ma so'
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

thoroughbred Big Type Poland. China hogs
lor sale-A few service boars, bred gifts and
weaving pigs all registered or eligible to reg.
lster. These are sired by our Big Knox, Cold
5ItaIoaTd ana Grand Look boars, Big Knox
sired the junior Grand Champion of Iowa
iSiS i these are all of the big easy feeding pro-
INC INC type and are priced to sell. Address H.
o Salllgan, Hood River, Or phone 47e6. oltf
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

+! Fof Rent-Modern house, tinted walls, bath
guy . =. basement, Sl3 per month. INQUIRE OF A.
F. Howes, 22l Prospect ave-, phone ss5s, dI7tf
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11
FOR RENT

FOR kent-l5 acres on Barrett Road Hood
River, highly cultivated orchard herrias hav
@ @Good well and buildings. Experience and
references required with application. Would
Washington. fstf
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

telephone 5769. ri
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

The report of the county court for
the February meeting shows that six
bob cats were killed, atileast bounties
were paid on that number, duringsthe
month of January. Two coyotes were
killed in the county.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

regular meeting second and fourth Tnesde ~.
Of each month. A 49, . uesosys = sy
q. W. Dlmmick, Scribe A~'ON' " T.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

WAUCOMA LODGE NO. 80, X. OF p
meets IN X. ofP. hall every Tuesday night
F. W. Blagdon, C, z.
Louis lsenberg X. of r. and S, " -
L. +. JOHNSON, M. of f.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

Wsnted-Brown Leghorn Rooster. Have
away. Phone odell 81. Is
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

lDLEWlLDE LODGE NO. l07. I n n q
Meets in Fra.ernal hall, every ThnrsSov
night. Arthur Vvht,! tnuFsuay
GRO. THoMsoN,s $ ecretary A. w.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1915-02-11

HOOD RIVER CIRCLE NO. 524, WOMEN OF
MoodcTaft-M Meets at X. of P. hall on the
niS' anu ihlru thursdays of each month.
Nps =, Mrs. Rebecca Wall, G. N.
MRS. MATTE NICkELsEN, Clerk,
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-11-15
FROM TAE WATERLOO. IOWA
EVENING sess eeg q, Y AND

Wherever there Is a board Of cen.
sors TO pass upon moving picture
plays, Theda Bara, the William For
star. creates ia great fdfore. The Ohio
state board OF eensors passed an order
barring her from acting In that state.
This order was later rescinded how.
ever. Her acting Is tabooed III Allan.
"a, Ga, and several other staid, con.
sentative southern cities. Great nav.
ock 10 made OF the plays In which she
stars when one Of them comes before
the Chicago board OF fcensors. Iowa
Is fortunate IN. having no board Of
,censots and thus movie fans have az,
opportunity to pass Judgment both up.
on Theda SBara and upon the censors
who bar her acting. lE'Sa52Sl,
Whenever Mile. Bara IL advertised
to be shown In o local picture theatre,
there IS always a crowded house.
This. We like 10 think, Ii not due 10
any r1orbldity on the part OF our peo.
pie, but to an appreciation of afine act
Ing. Theda Bara 70 a supreme mis-.
tress Of the art Of portraying q sin.
lister personality. She isf IAN actress
Of remarkable charm, moi; unlike that
OF the characters She represents. She
always plays the part Of the vampire
woman. She Is the HON ebreak er. She
is the heroine of an unlawful love, an
intense, feryid, erwhelming passion
that sweeps aside convention and that
disregards every other human feeling
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-11-15
PLAYS :: VAUDEVILLE !: PICTURES

surely, relentlessly. pitiiessiy % d
tragic end. The ayenging Nemesis
never fails to oyertake him.
Herein. it appears to z US, lies the
Justification for Theda Bara's acting.
II has all the dramatic power OF the
old Greek tragedy. II, impresses, more
than all the sermons ever preached,
upon the mind Of the spectator. the
swift and certain punishment that fol
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-11-15
/ plum Lona Cultivated.

The plum Is among the earliest
known fruits. Thebes. Memphis and
Damascus were noted in the early
centuries for the great number Of
their plum trees, Plum trees grow
wild in Asia, America and the south
Of Europe. and from these the large
variety Of domestic plums which We
now enjoy have been cultivated.