davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
WHY ITALY HAS
GONE TO WAR
She May Now Recover Her
Lost Provinces.
MATTER OF NATIONAL PRIDE.
Big Fleet Available Territory
Asked About 1900 Square
Miles, With 100000
Population.

The entrance of Italy into the world
war. which began last August, brings
the number of states engaged in the
conflict up to IL, Italy, allied with
Germany and Austria-H Hungary since
1882 in the Triple Alliance, was called
upon last summer, shortly after the
assassination of the Austrian Crown
Prince at Saraezo. Bosnia, to support
| the Germanic empires. She declined
and there began series of diplomatic
negotiations which soon resolved
themselves into efforts on the part OF
Germany and Austria Hungary to In
duce Italy to remain neutral.
Prince Won Buelow, an astute Ger
man statesman, whose wife is an
Italian woman, was sent to Rome with
instructions to do his utmost to save
the situation. He labored indefatigably
for months, but in vain He offered
Italy certain parts Of Austrian terri
tory as the price Of her neutrality, but
her answer was always. 1T is not
enough" 1t now appears that Austria
did not really believe that Italy would
enter the field against her.
In the meantime there had arisen in
Italy war party, led by the "Irredent-
ists," which made its voice heard in
no uncertain terms. Dispatches from
Rome for months past have indicated
that the sentiment for active participa-
tdon in the war was stronger by far
than that on the side OF continued neu-
rality
For months the diplomatic ex-
changes between Vienna and Rome
had been constant. but the most per
sistent efforts OF the diplomats to keep
italy out of the war were futile. The
Triple Alliance was denounced by
Italy on May 4, but even after this
diplomatic endeavors were continued.
Austria offering Italy further conces-
sions as late as May 10.
Large Forces On italian Front
Italy's first move on land undoubt-
edly will be against the Austrian From
tier. Large numbers Of her troops are
modified in this territory, and the
forces of Austria Hungary are lined up
on the other side of the boundary. The
very mountainous character of the
Terrain where the opposing armies
face each other. the southern part of
the Austrian Alps, promises operations
and fighting Of the most difficult
nature.
So far as known, the Italian fieet is
mostly in the Adriatic. under the COM
mand of the Duke of the Abruzzi, who
is known to many Americans through
his visits to the United States some
10 years ago. 1t is generally believed
that the feet will proceed promptly
against the naval strength of Austria
in these waters.
To Regain "unredeemed italy"
One great purpose of Italy in enter
ing the war is to gain possession of
"Unredeemed Italy" sweep Of Aus
trian territory to the north and east
near the head of the Adriatic Sea.
This region, which includes Trent and
Trieste, is italian in all but nationality.
To attain It has long been her cherish
ed ambition.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
Department Of Labor Makes
Public interesting Report.
employees HAVE PROsPERED
Leoisiatioc In This Country Was
Brought About secause II Was
Shown Women Were Being
Paid Too low Wages.

WaShlnEtOn.-ln report Just made
public the Department of Labor makes
the interesting statement that mini
mun-wage legislation has been sue
cess wherever it has been in effect
long enough to show results. It is
said that the movement apparently
has benefited employers and employees.
''In New Zealand and Australia,
where minimum-wage laws have been
in operation for more than Is years"
says the report, Industries have
grown steadily and minimum-wage
laws apparently have in no way
checked their growth as
Speaking OF the minimum-wage
movement in the United States, the.
report says:
I'm the United States minimum
wage legislation was brought about
because OF the disclosures made by
oficial and private investigations,
showing that thousands of women
wage-earners were being paid wages
too low to afford them a reasonable
standard of living A case in point
of the many which are cited is that of
department and retail stores in New
York, Chicago and Philadelphia.
where the weekly earnings of 40 per
cent. were less than Sc, while "A per
cent. earned less than $S week.
Massachusetts, First.
Massachusetts, in June, 1912,
passed the first minimum-wage law.
and Oregon. Utah, Washington, Ne
braska, Minnesota, Colorado, Califor-
mia, and Wisconsin followed in the or.
der named.
1t is noteworthy that the minimum
wage laws have been made 10 apply
to men as well as to women and chill
dren in every country except the
United States, where only women and
children are protected.
''In Utah the rates are fixed by the
statute. In all the other American
States the necessary cost of living Is
made the basis for the minimum wage,
and the administration of the law is in
the hands OF appointed commission
ers, who act upon the findings and
Recommendations of wages boards
composed of an equal number Of rep
resentatives of the employers and Of
the employees. together with one or
more representatives of the public.
Prosperity Has Followed.
sAlI the evidence obtainable from
American States which have put in
effect the legal minimum wages goes
to confirm the experience of the Aus
tralian States, where the prosperity Of
the working class has been raised.
gross sweating reduced and general
business conditions have thriven. In
Utah, for example, where minimum
wage law became effective early in
1918, the wages of women and girls
were, raised, payTolls were not in
creased more than per cent. wages
failed to extend down to the minimum
level; eficiency, according to many
employers. increased. and the law
tended to equalize the cost of produe-
tion or sale among manufacturers and
merchants"
The midland journal., 1915-05-28

armvuv ~ the day before, 50
: !: J ! : : !: ! J: !: ! ! !: ! ! : ! ! !: ! !
lkNN that the house mother
IhRNrN may have little lei
q sure to enjoy the day Of
IN. a. rest. In many homes,
yAAASeer1 Sunday is a feast day,
Sy which should not be
T1S11 criticized If there is no
~O'u'us body overworked. Where
there are plenty of servants to take
their turn in being responsible for
the days work, the situation is not
bad; but where there is but one pair
Of hands to perform all the work Of
getting meals, it seems as If it were
wiser to have simpler meals or those
that can be reheated. 1t is of very
great Importance that the mother
should have rest and that the family
should have the privilege of self-denial
and helpfulness in thinking of an
others comfort. It is often the fault
Of an overindulgent wife and moth
er that the Sunday feast days are 30
common.
Roasts may be roasted on Saturday
and reheated on Sunday, and be just
as palatable. Salads and desserts
may be prepared and all ready to
serve.
The salads are better not mixed
until the time of serving, but the ma
terials may be all ready the day be-
fore.
Soup is quickly prepared. and one
may use the canned soups if it is
wished to do away with the prepara-
ton.
For the Sunday night lunch the
man of the house in many families
thinks it great sport to prepare the
meal. 1t may be very cozy, Informal
one, toasting bread before the crate
fire, or on the electric toaster. using
a chafing dish, and everybody enjoys
the process Of meal getting. This is
a good time to train the older boys
and girls to the responsibility. and
they will like it. Let them ask
guest or two ON the nights they are
to perform. after they are proficient
enough to insure success. Hos7
pitality is too little exercised in the
home in this day of hotels and res
taurant dinners. and our young peO-
pie need the training. One who en-
tertains friends at the home table
gets much more than he gives in real
pleasure.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
ROOSEVELT WINS OUT.
Jury Finally Wins over One Man Vino
Made Delay.


Syracuse, N, Y.-The jury in the
trial OF William Barnes suit for libel
against Theodore Roosevelt returned a
verdict in favor of the defendant after
considering for more than II hours the
question of placing all the costs of the
action upon the plaintiff 1t is the
belief of the jury everything Colonel
Roosevelt charged is true. and there
fore the plaintiff. not having been.
libeled, is entitled to, no damages.
William NJ. WINS, of counsel for Viii
liam Barnes, announced that an appeal
would be taken from the verdict of
the jury at Syracuse which found in
favor of Theodore Roosevelt in the
trial of the libel suit brought by Mr..
Barnes against the former President.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
.4OO VICTIMS OF
RAILROAD WRECK
Three Trains Collide at Gretna,
England.
70 BODIES ARE RECOVERED
One Train Contained Troops and Ex
plodins Cartridges In selts Added
TO the Danser-Fire Adds
To Horror.

Carlisle, England One of the most
disastrous wrecks in the annals OF
British railroading took place on the
Caledonian Railway at Gretna. near
this city, when three trains came into
collision.
No fewer than rs persons were killed
and the final list may be considerably
greater, for it is believed that many
persons sustained fatal injuries. The
total casualties probably will reach
400. as the list of more or less seri-
ously injured is very numerous.
One OF the three trains was troop
train: another was a local and the
third was the express from London to
Glasgow.
Fire broke out in the wreckage and
added appallingly to the horror of the
scene.
The adjoining fields soon had the
appearance OF an immense mortuary,
with the dead. the dying and the in
iured laid out in gruesome ranks.
Most OF Dead Soldiers.
The dead mostly are soldiers. The
troop train collided first with local
from Carlisle, and before the occu-
pants were able to get clear of the
wreckage of this accident the express
from London to Glasgow crashed into
them. The result was terrifying.
Locomotives and cars, shattered and
splintered, were hurled about in con-
fusion.
Fire broke out and spread with
great rapidity through the Wreckage.
It was soon burning SO fercely that
the men engaged in the work OF rescue
were driven back.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28

The Rooster They say that the av-
erage Goldfish lays about seven million
eggs and never cackles a cackle.
The Hen--Well, II you'd see the size
Of the egg you'd know the Goldfish had
nothing to cackle about.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28

materials always on
hand. Any kind of fruit
pulp or jelly may be
used. Beat the white of
an egg, add sugar to
taste and scraped apple.
sieved banana or jelly
Ia half glassful is sufii-
cient). continue beating
until the mixture is
.4x4e Corv, ~ r1,nrF,nS.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
MuFFLER ON DERNBuRo.
New York Hears Il Was Set To Work
BY Wireless.

New York.-The mufiier has been
put via wireless. on DR. Bernhard
Dernburg. chief spokesman OF the
Kaiser in this country. according to
reports heard here. II is said that the
former German Colonial Secretary viii
make no further speeches, give out no
more interviews and write no more
letters for publication in this country.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
GERMANY CALLS 100000.
Copenhagen Hears That New Army
viii BE Assembled.

LOndon.-The Copenhagen CORE
spondent of the Daily Mail says he has
learned from an authentic Berlin
source that Germany is about to call
up 2,00O,O 900 more men. Berlin official
circles, he states, believe that an army
OF 100000 win be sufficient to cope
with Italy.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
ONO TO HONOR SAILOR.
House Votes For Memorial To George
Burton Meek.

Columbus. Ohio.-The Ohio House
of Representatives voted an appropria-
ton for erection Of a memorial monu-
ment to George Burton Meek. de-
scribed in the appropriation measure
as the first American boy to lose his
life In the Spanish-American War.
Meek was sailor ON torpedo boat
which participated in the battle OF
Cardenas harbor. Cuba, May II. 1888.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
TEN BILLIONS a YEAR.
French Economist Gives Estimate OF
Wars Cost.

Paris. Capt. Edmond Thery, widely
known as an economist, estimates that
the total military expenditures for the
first year of the war will be 50.O0O.-
100000 francs $4,000. 600. .000) for the
seven allies and 37.O0O.0O0, 900 francs
($7, ,000.OO0) for Germany. Austria
and Turkey. This makes an average
Of 7,250.0OO, 900 francs Isl. LAO, ,OO0, ,O00)
a month. 242.0OO.OO0 francs ($4S,4OO.-
OOO) day and 1O,OOO.O0O francs ($2.-
OO0.00O) an hour. He believes the
economic powers Of Great Britain,
France and Russia can support the
strain much more easily than their
opponents.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
ITALY DECLARES
VAR ON AUSTRIA
Ambassadors in the Two C0un-
tries Receive Passports.
TEUTON VESSELS SEIZED
cenfiscation OF Austrian and German
SHIPS N italian taarbors First
Move IN War Troops
Clash on Frontier.

Amsterdam, via London. A dispatch
from V1enn& says the Italian Ambas.
sador to Austria, the Duke Of Avarna,
Sunday afternoon presented to Baron
Won Burian, the Austro-Hungarian
Foreign Minister, the following
declaration Of war:
Vienna. May %, 1915.
"Conformablyswith the orders Of his
Majesty, the King. his august sove-
reign, the undersigned, Ambassador OF
Italy, has the honor to deliver to his
excellency, the Foreign Minister of
Austria- Hungary. the following COM
munication:
Declaration has been made, as
from the 4th OF this month, to the i'm
perial and royal Government Of the
grave motives for which Italy, con-
fident in her good right. proclaimed
annulled and henceforth without ef-
feet, her treaty OF alliance with Aus
tria-H Hungary, which was violated by
the imperial and royal Government,
and resumed her liberty Of action in
this respect. 54 3ga
/ q /. + 41f
Formally Enters Upon War.
The government Of the King, arm
~ resolved to provide by all means at
its disposal for safeguarding Italian
rights and interests, cannot fail in it's
duty to take against every existing
and future menace measures which
events impose upon it for the fulfill
ment Of national aspirations.
His Majesty, the King, declares
that he considers himself from Mon
day in state of war with Austria
Hungary.
The undersigned has the honor to
make known at the same time to his
Excellency, the Foreign Minister. that
passports will be placed this very day
at the disposal of the Imperial and
Royal Ambassador at Rome and he
will be obliged to his Excellency If he
will kindly have his passports handed
to him.
(Signeda "AVARNAs'sB
A decree was issued Sunday con-
ilscating all Austrian and German
ships in Italian harbors.
General Mobilization Is Ordered.
Rome, via Italy is at war
with Austria Hungary. With the issu-
ance Of the general mobilization order,
the Italian Government issued proc
lanation declaring war on Austria,
which officially win begin Monday.
Prior to this. and after lengthy
consultation. the Ministers Of War and
Marine proclaimed all the provinces
bordering on Austria and the islands
and coast towns of the Adriatic in a
state Of war. which was equivalent to
the Establishment of martial law, the
step usually preceding the formal
declaration. s
King Victor's mobilization decree
went into effect Sunday morning and
more than S.OOO.O 600 men fully equip
ped with arms and ammunition it is
expected viii be put into the field with
IN month.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
SEVEN AMERICANS FALL.
They Were Serving With Canadians
In France.

Ottawa, Ont Seven members with
residence in the United States are
mentioned in the casualty list Of the
Canadian contingent just issued by the
Militia Department d. Cote, of Lit
Teton. N. H., was killed in action.
Four men listed as missing are Geo.
Miller, Bangor. Maine: Joseph Martin.
Olympia, Wash: James Douglas Orr,
Bellingham, Wash. and Malcolm
Gillis, Quincy. Mass.
Among the wounded are Joel Adam
Drumm. Charles Postofice. Mich, and
Ernest A. Palmer, Oswego, Ore, the
latter severely wounded.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
1000 ASK cLEMENcy FOR FRANK
Georgia Governor and Prison Board
showered With Letters.

Atlanta more than 1000
letters, urging executive clemency for
Leo M. Frank, received Monday by
Governor Slaton and the State Prison
Commission. were communicated from
United States Senator Sherman, OF nli-
nois: Governor Ferguson of Texas;
Circuit Judge G. B. Arnold, OF st.
Louis, and Judge Ben Lindsey. OF Den
yer. A number of similar letters also
were received from several prominent
Georgians.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
RUSSIAN wARsAIp LOST.
Berlin Hears From Bucharest Vessel
Was Sunk In Black Sea.

Berlin (by wireless to Sayville).-
The Overseas News Agency gave out
the following: According to Buchar.
est dispatch. the Russian armored
man-of-war Winteleimon has been
sunk. with 1900 men, in the Black
Sea"
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
N111 hte4rseQ
Somewhat EaotistIe.

OVEItIVV1EU% -BVYU%tNs >
Five-year-old Stephen was paying a
visit to his grandmother. During his
absence little sister arrived. When
his papa telephoned the little fellow
OF the glad news his first words were,
"Is she as good looking as me?"
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
50 Out OF 500 Respond.

Five hundred men of one regiment
were on the troop train When the
roll was called after the wreck only
81 officers and men responded. Num-
bers of others. however, were engaged
in caring for their wounded comrades.
Some of the victims were SO man
gled that their rescue from the wreck
age was impossible. Several others
who were extricated died soon after
ward.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28

Danger Is doubly dangerous when
we do not know it exists. A concealed
enemy has a deadly advantage. Let
the blessed sunshine into all the dark.
damp corners and rout the disease
germs.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
TRANsyLvANlA TAKEN OVER.

cunard and Anchor Lines Have Only
orduna and Tuscania.
New York-It was announced at the
Cunard Line offices that the Anchor
Line steamship Transylvania. which
arrived in Glasgow from New York on
Sunday last, had been requisitioned by
the British Government Her sailings
have accordingly been cancelled. She
was due to leave Glasgow next Satur-
day for New York.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
SUNDAY MEALS.

The meals on Sunday should b.
well thought out and prepared large
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
pouLTRy TausT MN 70 pRlsoN
Thirteen. Convicted, But One Dice
Pending Appeal.

New York.-Twelve of the Is mem
bers of the so-called poultry trust, I.
who we're convicted in 1911 of eonspir-
ing to control the price of poultry in
this city and appealed to the higher
courts. began serving their three
months sentences Monday.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
MORE GOOD THINGS TO EAT.

A fruit whip is dessert which is
easily made and one that is made of
The midland journal., 1915-05-28
BABY GIRL is BORN TO MeADoos.
Second erandchIld OF President Wood.
row Wilson.

washington. baby girl. the sec.
ond grandchild of President Wilson,
was born to Secretary and Mrs. Will,
liam G. McAdoo. She win be chris
tened Ellen Wilson. for the late Mrs.
Woodrow Wilson. The Secretary and
Mrs. McAdoo. who is the Presidents
youngest daughter, were married in
the Blue Room 1t the White House
just q year ago.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28

sABLNEE

Rose leaves. when the rose Is dead.
Are heap'd for the beloved's bed;
And $50 thy thoughts. when thou art
gone,
Love itself shall slumber on.
The midland journal., 1915-05-28

ly the day before, SO
that the house mother
may have a little lei
sure to enjoy the day Of
rest. In many homes,
Sunday is a feast day,
which should not be
criticized If there is mo-
bodv overworked Where
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-19

aeroplane was interposed and he was
forced down toward the earth. Fla
ally the German swung about to make
one final dash for home, but he was
now so low that he was within range
of thousands of British soldiers in the
trenches.
The German machine now sand
wiched between fire from British aero
planes and British trenches, now turl-
ed back and flew well into British ter
ritory which was accepted as sign
of surrender. The English aeroplanes
followed until they saw the German
land on the rough ground in the rear
of the British trenches The German
machine was smashed and the pilot
crushed to death under the aeroplans.
but the observer officer was only
slightly bruised and was taken prison
er. The battle In the sky had lasted
four and one-half hours. All business
in Ypres ceased while the battle was
on as 1t was in full view of the pen-
pie and the deep blue sky was marred
only by the feathered smoke of shrar-
mel and the Tapping wings of aero
planes In the atmosphere.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-19
BAD TIME FOR
A LABOR STRIKE
Many Men Who Have Been Out Of
Work all Winter, Have Just
Received Jobs.

fUnited Press Leased Wire Service
CHICAGO, April 19-With promi-
nent business men and municipal and
state officials bending every effort to
bring to peace Chtcago's warning Ia
Dor and employer factions, the first
steps toward this end were taken to-
day
Intense interest attached TO the
meeting Of the state arbitration board
in the city hall today. A delegation
representing the $4,000 carpenters at
tended In O statement addressed TO
the carpenters and contractors, the
board today outlined its powers, Of
fered its service and issued a plea
that the factions get together before
the industrial strife results 'in GER
tain business calamity"
A member of the board today point
ed out that irritation of an acute
situation at this time when thous-
ands who have been out of emplo>.
ment all winter, we're at the thresh-
hold of employment, might prove dis
astrous to vast plans for a greater
Chicago
Among the 100000 or more mem
bers of affiliated union men who
have been thrown out of work by the
strike of the carpenters, there was
said 70 be movement on foot to aid
in every way possible the peace move
ment, so long as their aid will not
conflict with the policies of union ia
Dor in such situations.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-19
JAP AN

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service. !
WASHINGTON, April 1s.-otficial
Washington breathed easier today,
following Admiral Howard's report
that salvage work alone was being
done by the Japanese at Turtle Bay,
Lower California; that there was no
Indication Of plan for Japanese
base.
Howard, who got his information
from Commander Irwin Of the cruiser
New Orleans, implied that the Japa'
nose war vessels, said to have been
lying in Turtle Bay had withdrawn
the report saying "the only vessels
present in addition to the cruiser
Asama which Is aground) were one
repair ship and two colIiers."
The location Of the Japanese war
vessels is not known, but tho report
indicated that they have resumed theli
patrol OF the south Pacific.