The sun., 1915-05-16
Big PROBLEMS RISE
IN BROODING SEASON
Amateur Poultry Raisers NOw'
Looking Forward With
Apprehension.
MAY DECREASE LOSSES
ny w. q. kRUM,
Departmen Of Pou,try HWsba ndry,
New York state College of ARri-
culture. Cornell Univcrsity.

New York state College Of AGri-
culture, Cornell Univcrsity.
Many amateur poultry raisers are
anxiously looking forward to the brood
ing season. having in mind their troubles
and losses in previous years. There
fore, let us look over the list and see II
we cannot get better insight into the
causes. symptoms. cure and prevention
Of the more common diseases, with the
idea Of avoiding loss, II possible.
while diseases may not be inherited.
yet many times the susceptibility to
them 10 strongly inherited and therefore
We should sec to It that We breed only
from stock that are we'll bred. strong
and vigorous. We should make sure that
the birds have been properly housed and
fed only wholesome food. and this lattev
given in such a way that they are
obliged to take enough exercise to main
tain q good circulation Of the blood. II
4. preferable to have them take much Of
this exercise out OF doors.
The Matching eggs should not be kept
TOO long and should be well cared for.
Many times weakness in chicks Is trace
able to chilling in transferring to BROOD
ers, or to insufficient heat In the brood
ers. Overheating. as in too small brood
ers. where they have no way OF escaping
to a cooler place. gives the same symp-
toms as chilling.
a.vrntnr,a 1n~s ~ spnASitA Ia rk nf o.
tlvity and a tendency to crowd oven af-
ter the temperature has been regulated !:
also looseness OF the bowels. Treatment
This calls for prevention rather tnan
cure. As large numbers die directly or
indirectly from this cause, 1t Is well to
initiate the mother hen In all our brood
ing systems. Follow above instructions.
Toe picking is quite common among
young incubator chicks during the first
week that they are put into the brooder.
If the chicks are taken TO the brooder
at night instead Of in the morning there
is less danger OF II. They can then be
fed the following morning and kept ac-
tive. In case chicks get to toe picking.
feed often but sparingly and scatter the
grain into a hight litter where they can
work for It, In addition throw them
some finely chopped meat or green bone
and green food once or twice daily. This
plan will keep tho chicks occupied and
make them healthy. Under these condi-
| tions they will forget about toe picking.
Leg weakness is caused by dampness.
| insufficient ventilation. improper feed
ing and lack Of exercise. Treatment
FRS, remove the cause; let the chicks
| or the ground and feed proper rations.
Sore eyes The sticking together OF
mo eyelids with a thick. dark colored
secretion Is not generally fatal Treat
ment-Bathe the eyes In q weak solu-
ton Of peroxide Of hydrogen and grease
| them with vaseline.
Gapes-Symptoms. frequent saipdns
for breath due to the parasitic worms In
| the windpipe. These are known as
gapeworms Many Of these are coughed
up and live in the ground. These or the
eggs are picked up the next season and
| thus the trouble continues year after
year Treatment-A feather may be
stripped SO as to resemble a small pain,
brush Moisten this feather slightly
with oil OF turpentine and quickly thrust
into the windpipe when the chicken
gapes. II will kill the worms. which are
| coughed up.
| To prevent temperance Of this trou-
BILE raise the chickens In new ground the
| following season. Do not let them or
| the old run for two or three years. DC
| not move infested chickens to a new
area and thus spread tho trouble.
Coccidiosis Is quite common and Is
| usually fatal. Chicks from poor breeding
| stock are susceptible.
Symptoms DrowsiNess, stunt e
growth, common diarrhoea- A post-mor
tenn shows the caeca. or bhnd intestine
enlarged. hardened and often OF
brownish color. Tb3 nver Is covered
with yellow spor. or particles. Thi
disease Is similar to blackhead in tur
keys and no cure is known. Treatmen
calls for prevention by the use OF stron,
vigorous breeders and thorough disn
fection of the brooders With one par
crude carbolic acid to three Of krrose''s
or the use Of any good strong disnfcct
ing material. Give plenty of sour skin
milk or buttermilk from the first feed
ing.
White diarrhpa-Many forms Of bows
trouble are often mistaken for this fata
disease. The bacillary white diarrhoe
is usually inherited from the brcedin
stock, the germs are found In the ovs
ries OF the hens and are transmitted 4
the chicks, many of whom die at les
than ten days OF age.
Symptoms. dropping wings, list'Ats al
titude. a thick pasty discharge and
wasting away of the body,
Treatment--Liberal use OF souS mill
Some poultrymen use fountain pc
filler and force food into the chicks be
fore they are old enough to he take
from the incubator. This trouble ca
he somewhat avoided by rigid selection
and proper care OF the breeders.
Mouldy feeds and mouldy litter are re
sponsible for much of the mortalit
among fowls and especially youn
chicks The mould dust from the lite
is inhaled through the lungs, while moul
in feed is taken in through the dlgestiv
-. organs. symptoms The bird is mac
tive and sleepy and stands around wit
the wings banging down. The breath
ing is RAPID. with a tendency I
catarrh and the chicken has little dis
|. position to eat. The cxcrement is usu
ally white A post-mortem will shoy
soft yellowish Grow,hs in the lungs an
sometimes in the intestnes Thes
are in size from u pinhcad TO a pea.
There is no known cure This Is
case calling for prevention by the us
of only clean, sweet food and usn
litter free from mould and keeping tn
, yards well spaded or plarted to som
, green food.
The best and cheapest toiJcs are pur