davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-01-24
The Town of Tipperary.

wv HERE is Tipperary: This is
Wv question great many people
have been asking themselves since the
publication of IT'S a Long Way to Tip
perary," which has been sung at almost
every entertainment in the British
Isles.
Tipperary is not by any means the
largest or the most beautiful town in
Ireland, but it is romantic old place.
near te base of the Sieve Muck. or
Tipperary hills. These hills a
branch of the Galtee range and are
noted for their wild beauty. The town
is located about forty-two miles north
west of Cork. on the Great Southern
and Western railroad. The quaint Old
place, with its folk lore and rural
population, is situated in the center of
a fine agricultural district, which once
formed "A part of the ancient kingdom
of Munster.
The county of which Tipperary is
the namesake and county seat was
once a palatine. ruled by the powerful
earls of Ormond. Its soil is of lime
stone. overlaid by a rich loan. capable
of yielding the finest crops. The
majority of the population is engaged
in farming and manufacturing. Great
quantities of condensed milk and but
ter are produced. the butter market
ranking next to that of Cork.
The town of Tipperary, the incorpor-
alton of which dates from 1910, has
1000 inhabitants. 1t is governed by an
elective assembly called the district
council. which, as the people are great
ly interested in their government.
holds quarterly sessions.
Tipperary is of great antiquity, but
first acquired Importance by the erec-
tion of castle there by King John
The guide points out the site to visit
ors. but tells them that the remalnS
crumpled away many years ago. Henry
III founded there monastery for Au-
gustinians. This added a stimulus to
the growth of the town. The only
building of antiquity now standing is
the gatehouse of this institution, L
relic of departed grandeur.
When the present European struggle
had reached it's crisis and England en-
tered the contest many of the sturdy
sons of Tipperary left their employ
ment and enlisted for service with the
colors. One of England's crack regi-
ments is called the "Tipperary Tigers.
in honor of the county of that name.
Evening star., 1915-01-24
Starvation Threatens Christians i'm Holy Land

cosmographer. entered warmly into the
designs of Columbus and used his in
nuence with Queen Isabella to per-
Suade her to fit out the memorable ex-
peditfon of 1892. He accompanied
columbus to the new world and his
image appears in bronze at the doors
of the Capitol He celebrated the first
mass offered uD under western skies
He opened the first Christian church in
the new world at small settlement
in the island of Haiti
Years before the Pilgrims anchored
within Cape Cod the intrepid FrancfS-
can lie Caron had penetrated the land
of the Mohawks and evangelical the
Hurons. The first exploration of tho
great lakes was made by the stan
ley of North America the Franciscan
Father Hennepin. who named Niagara
Falls in honor of ST. Anthony, a name
once borne also by the ma iestic Hudson
river And the Franciscan John or
Torres WAS with DE Soto when he dis
covered the Mississippi. The glorious
history Of th. Franciscan missions in
California, founded bv the venerable
Iunipcro Sierra. O. r. NJ. is we'll known
THE venerable Father Anthony
Margil. o. r. NJ. who established the
missions in Texas. was the first per
son from the United States whose pro-
cess of cononization was introduced
In Mexico also. as in China and else
where. the Franciscans were the first
missionaries.
Not to speak OF Franciscan missions
in India, Brazil and Peru. for II was
the Friars Minor who were welcomed
Evening star., 1915-01-24

Palestine dates back to 1920. in which
year their founder, ST. Francis of Assist.
himself visited the holy shrines and
presenting himself before the sultan
endeavored to convert him. st. Francis
left some of the disciples behind him
in Palestine. who became the successors
of the crusaders and there established
province which is still called the
Custody of the Holy Lands. In 1880
the guardianship of the holy places
was officially committed to the care
of the Seraphic Order by the Holy See,
and the Franciscans have since re-
tained it, During the intervening
seven centuries more than 1900 of the
friars have fallen e. prey to Moham-
medan persecution. to pestilence and
to shipwrecks.''
In the convent of the order in
Nazareth is preserved the room occu-
pied by Napoleon when he was a guest
of the Franciscans. One of the win
dows is pointed out to pilgrims as the
one through which Napoleon, looking
out saw Turk at his devotions on
the minaret of mosque. His loud
prisons so disturbed Napoleon that he
is said to have shot him while at
prayer through the window.
The part that the Franciscans have
played in American history is described
by Father Hunt as follows:
"The order was instrumental in the
very discovery of America. Rev Juan
Perez de Marchena, guardian of
convent near Seville, himself a learned
Evening star., 1915-01-24

that by changing the form of the nose
of the projectile about 20 per cent
greater ranges could be obtained from
the same charge of powder. The soft
metal cap placed on the point of the
projectile protects the point and pre-
vents it from flying to pieces on strik-
ing the armor, and in this way fits the
projectile for better penetration.
For the explosive in this shell the navy
uses a powder made from a by-product
of coal tar, and which, under ordinary
conditions. is as harmless as sand. 1t
may be struck with a hammer. or in the
open it may be burned with flame, but
detonate it when confined and 1t bursts
with force equal to that of dynamite.
The armor belts, as to thickness. ex-
tent and quality of all the great navies
are well known, and it is believed that
none can resist the attack of an armor-
power and caliber of those mounted in
our ships at battle distance. estimated
to be about six miles.
x
gun u service charge of $40 pounds of
smokeless powder is required. This is
made by soaking clean cotton in mix
ture of sulphuric and nitric acids, when
dried, dissolving it in ether and alcohol
and pressing the resultant mass into beau
tiful little lengths, each with seven holes
running through them. For convenience
of handling they are packed in four bags
each containing eighty-five pounds, with
little black powder behind to flash
through the smokeless powder to make
it get busy quickA when the gun is fired.
Evening star., 1915-01-24

public speaker was the simplest one
in the world. She said that she didn't t
know how to address an audience.
When she was reminded that her elo-
quence had caused enormous amounts
to be donated for her relief cause, she
still demurred, saying that at that
time she was speaking for others and
not for herself. At last she was per-
suaded and her first lecture was given
in Philadelphia.
"She has told me that she hadn't the
slightest idea of what she was going
to say when she mounted the platform.
She had not prepared a single note
and at the beginning she felt very
shaky. But as she recalled the scenes
of the war and the experiences that
she had met with, language seemed TO
be loosed to her though from mood
gates. and her success was assured. She
received $3.50 for each of her lectures.
which was a very high rate at that
time. She continued to lecture on many
subjects until her death
"It was through my father that
mother was converted to woman SUI
frage, for, although her activities were
mostly in the public service, she was
decidedly a woman's woman and de-
voted to her home and family, Her
association with notable leaders in
various movements brought some of
the country's famous people to our
home. 1t has been my pleasure to know
personally. Wendell Phillips, the noted
aboIitionist: Julia Ward Howe and
Frances Willard. We often said that
it was difficult for US to realize that
the war was over, for army officers
came daily to the house to consult
mother, and we were likely as not
to have one or two soldiers sleeping In
the house as they made their way
through Boston toward their homes.
''Our home in Melrose. The suburb of
Boston, where we lived, is now occu-
pied by my daughter. The drawing
room is preserved as 1t was furnished
by mother. and a marble bust of her
stands in the bay window. where she
used to receive her guests at her
open-house receptions on New Year
day. There was a bust of her at
in the fire which occurred a few years
ago"
While in Washington Mrs. Norris
will call upon President Wilson TO
continue custom begun by her
mother in ante-bellum days Mary A.
President who occupied the White
House during her life of public service
During eX-President Roosevelfs ad-
ministration, Mrs. Norris came to
at the White House. He was Intense
ly moved as he greeted her, and Kept
repeating in his ardent way, We'll,
well, so this is the daughter OF Mary
A. Livermore."
American Revolution and can trace her
ancestry back to the very Pilgrims who
came over in the Mayflower. Her late
husband, John Oscar Norris, WAS one
of the most prominent educators OF
Evening star., 1915-01-24

tify them and to keep them open for
Christianity This has not been done
without great sacrifice. but the Fran
ciscans. aided by aims from the world
over. have remained steadfast and low
al to the trust imposed upon them by
Pope Clement VI IN 1910. For centu
ries they have withstood the hatred
and rancour of the Turks. they have
suffered Imprisonment. hunger and
death. and their depleted ranks have
been filled by confreres from every
country. The present war threatens
to be no less severe on the Francis
cans and their missions than the cruel
treatment meted out to them in the
past"
Regarding the history of the Fran
ciscans in the holy lands, Father
Hunt gives the following summary:
THE presence OF the Friars Minor In
Evening star., 1915-01-24
5:,6S1s,M1s5Ma@0@0%lM0 SndS6m0@zl

~ TARyATION threatens the mission
~ aries and religious orders in the
~ Holy Lands. according to informa-
~ ton Just received by Very Rev
Godfrey Schilling, o. F. NJ. commissary
general of the Holy Land in the United
States, stationed at the Franciscan mon
astery in Brookland.
Energetic efforts are being made by
Father Godfrey, through the State De-
partment, through the Standard Oil COM
pany with large business associations in
that territory and through other dtplo-
matte agencies to transmit funds and food
supplies to those in need.
Persecution, expulsion and conhscation
of their properties, inflicted upon the
Franciscan missions and other religious
orders since the entrance of Turkey into
the European war, has resulted in the
congestion of hundreds of these priests.
monks. brothers. friars and nuns in Jeru-
alem. exhausting the food supply. that
cannot be replenished.
But two large converts remain in the
custody of these missionaries, st. Savlors
in Jerusalem, the mother house, in charge
of Most Rev Seraphin Cinino. custos Of
the Holy Land. and superior Of all the
Catholic missions in Palestine, and the
Convent of the Annunciation in Nazareth,
containing the grotto of the Annuncia-
ton.
The Franciscans have been driven from
practically all Of their converts in
Armenia, Upper Syria and Galilee. But
a very few members of the order have
been allowed to remain in the Convent
of the Annuncation in Nazareth.
In Jerusalem fourishing communi-
ties of the Assumptionists, Dominicans.
Fathers of Zion the White Fathers, the
Benedictine and Carmelite Sisters, the
Poor Clares and several others have
been expelled from their cloisters and
converts by the Turks. In their plight
Evening star., 1915-01-24

soldiers were housed in great barns,
and usually the sole source OF nea.
was an old fashioned round stove set
in the middle of the floor. Wind
whistled through the crevices in the
walls and they were practically left
to nurse one another
Against such untoward conditions IS
these she directed her utmost ener-
gies Shortly women were brousht
from back home to be nurses: ana
crude system of organized nursing was
commenced. The organization became
known afterward as the Army Nurses
Association and it completed the CIR =
Gle of war relief work. One-hait OF
the circle was supplying and MAKING
the materials for aid and the otner
half was making practical use OF THESE
materials.
My mother went to every camp IN
the scene of action. l have heard her
tell of the time when she wanted TO
cross the Lines OF the j. ary aonn,nd y, lre ree
fused to give her a pass because OF
the fact that the territory was Dan :
gerous even for soldiers. Not to be
daunted she went straight to wash
ington and saw Abraham Lincoln. She
made known to him her wish. He told
her that she was courtins death II she
crossed the line. Mother fouted the
idea and told him that she was wiling
every one about her seemed to be doing
the same thing. Lincoln gave her the
pass.
work." declared Mrs; Norris, is doubt
less to recount details that people have
heard before. 1t was a great and Won
derful proceeding. however. and never
ceases to impress me with ITS great
example of the value of practical eff
cheney. ] remember vividly that all
sorts of original methods were used for
raising funds to keep the supply de-
partment in constant readiness to meet
demands. One of these that 1 remem-
ber particularly was the large sanitary
commission fair opened by Gen. Grant
| have a vivid mental picture of him
exactly as he looked that day.
X X
"At the close of the war continued
Mrs Norris. my father. who had as
sumed supervision of the sanitary COM
mission when my mother went to the
war zone. decided that our family
would move back again to Boston.
After our return, my mothers active
career a public speaker began. Her
association with Frances A. willard,
her lifelong friend. in temperance work
and with Julia Ward Howe in woman
suffrage propaganda. also dates from
that time.
''Soon after the war was over
mother received letter from prom
inent lyceum manager telling her that
the people Of the country wanted to
hear about her relief work and that he
would like to arrange with her for a
series of lectures to be given In sew
eral large cities.
Mother held out for q long time.
Her argument against appearing as
Evening star., 1915-01-24

nevertheless details Of the war were
not delayed in reaching US. The suf-
ferlng was very vivid to us. and mother
had STRINGS In her heart that she
must do something to help.
She approached her woman friends.
and her suggestion that they devise
some plan for aid was met with the
usual question that is brought forth
whenever task seems gigantic, What
can we do?' But my mothers enthusi-
asm was too keenIy aroused to die
away in the face of such objections,
and she answered: We can do every
thing, and we can begin at once
T often think of the amazing amount
of executive ability she possesses, for
she literally initiated an organization
on a foundation of nothing but her
own enthusiasm and will to help. Her
first step was to approach the min
listers of Chicago and tell them that
she wanted to make an appeal to their
congregations Churches were thrown
open to her and everywhere her pleas
for funds were generously met.
Il have heard her tell how fright
ened she was when she mounted the
pulpit in the first church where she
spoke. Her fear seemed to be short
lived and she probably waxed most
eloquent, for she was overwhelmed
with responses of financial help from
all quarters.
with these funds she rented u large
hall and had it divided into three
parts One section she devoted to the
hand-sewers and bandage- makers, an
other section was fitted out with sew
ing machines, and here the women of
the churches were set to making shirts
and other garments for the soldiers.
The third section was the packing
quarter, and from there the distribu-
tion to the battlefelds and camps was
made.
have been called" Mrs. Norris went on
to say. was organized under the name
of the sanitary commission and it
worked throughout the period of the
war. Mother supervised the financial
end of the organization. She went
Evening star., 1915-01-24

~ 7RS. HENRIETTA LIVERMORE
Mm| NORRIS of Boston. the daugh-
UWlI ter of the famous Mary A.
q VIZ Livermore, whose organized
relief work during the civil war was the
nucleus upon which was laid the founda-
ton of the great Red Cross Society. is
spending the winter in Washington.
Although Mrs Norris herself IS not
d public woman the early associations
of her life gave her immediate social
Intercourse with some of the most
prominent American citizens of the
civil war period. and her recollections
of the beginnings of the wonderful
organization in which her mother was
the moving spirit gave her conversa-
tion and "reminiscences charm and
claim to distinction not merited by
those of many women in the so-called
public eye"
At this crucial period of human suf-
fering on the battlefield when an in
tense need for womens aid is con-
tinualIy arising, hints of the methods
of Mary A. Livermore. the American
Florence Nightingale, and the scope
of her organization of 1851, appear
with double Significance.
Mrs. Norris is fortunate enough to
be familiar with the details of her
mothers first attempts at war relief
work. though she was but little girl
when war was declared. The family
was living in Chicago at the time,
where her father. Rev. d. p Liver
more, had moved from Boston for a
new field in which to preach the Uni
versalist doctrine. and to assume edi-
torial duties on the staff of the New
Covenant, publication devoted to the
teachings of his denomination.
I'VE were far removed from the CEN
tral field of action" said Mrs Norris.
talking recently about her mother; I'm
fact, at that time We called the region
around Chicago the great northwest.
But. though we were little remote,
Evening star., 1915-01-24
Perhaps?

Joseph A. CONRY. Russian consul to
J Boston, said at a luncheon, apropos
of Russian victory:
THE Germans are still singing
Over All But let them
look out 1t won't be long. perhaps. be
fore the tune will be changed to
All Over.~
Evening star., 1915-01-24

lrs. Henrietta Livernore Norris of Boston,
Daughter of Famous Mary A. Livermore,
Whose Organized Relief Work Was a Foun-
dation Upon Which Red Cross Society Was
Laid - Amazing Executive Ability of the
Civil War Nurse, and an Enthusiasm Which
Led to Wonderful Organization-Asked
President Lincoln for Pass Through the Lines
of Battle.
Evening star., 1915-01-24

travelling all through the west and
northwest to small towns and large
cities. She rode In cabooses with en-
gineers and on horseback when she
could find no better facilities. Money
and provisions seemed to rain upon her
wherever she made an appeal for the
"Branches Of the commission were
established subsequently in other parts
Evening star., 1915-01-24

Missiles Fired From Artillery on Shore or Afloat.
Ammunition for the Smaller Guns and How
1t Is Assembled That Pass Through
Heavy Armor and Explode Behind Tx
perments With Various Explosives by the
Navies of the World What the British,
French and Japanese Have Accomplished.
Evening star., 1915-01-24

Received by Commissary General
of the Holy Land, Stationed at Franciscan
Monastery in Brookland, Tells of Persecution,
Expulsion and Confiscation of Property
Energetic Efforts Being Made to Transmit
Funds and Food Supplies to Those in Need
Only Two Converts Remain in Custody of
the Missionaries
Evening star., 1915-01-24

these men and women turned to the
Fra nciscans, who have taken them In.
The prists and brothers have been
housed in the convent of st. Saviour
and in the parochia1 school. and the
nuns have been given the use of the
Casa Nova, which usually serves as a
hospice for pilgrims.
This considerable and sudden in
crease in the size of the community
has exhausted the food supply in the
Franciscan convent and starvation
threatens.
This startling news has caused par
ticular concern here in Washington be-
cause number of those in the mon
astery in Jerusalem were formerly
stationed here, including the custos
Most Rev. Seraphin Cimino. Rev. En-
gelbert Wagner, Brothers Cleophas
Steinhauser Sebastian Kersting, Juni-
per Popp, Wendelin and Hyacinth, all
Evening star., 1915-01-24

Massa chusetts. She herself rs mem
ber. and has been president of the Mel
rose Literary Club, and is actively in
terested in the work of several prom.
inent colleges of the north.
Evening star., 1915-01-24

The tube. for exmple. of a twelve
inch gun forms a cylinder with di-
ameter of exactly twelve inches In
the smooth surface of the tube are
cut the rifiing grooves. each of a
width of about one-third of an inch
and a depth of fifteen-one- hundreds of
an inch Around the shell near its
base. in groove cut for the purpose,
Is compressed rotating band com
posed of ninety-seven parts pure cop
per and three parts nickel, cut from
q carefully made tube. This band
projects &bove the surface of the shell
seventeen-one-h hundreds OF an inch. to
correspond with the rifiing grooves,
so that upon the discharge it is at once
forced into the rifing, where it acts
as seal to prevent the escape of the
gas formed by the exploding powder
and gives to the shell the required
rotary motion which keeps it to its
true course with its point always in
direct line ahead
The necessity of this sealing meas
Nre is twofod-it maintains the pres
sure behind the shell and it prevents
the powder gases. which reach the
almost inconceivable heat of five
thousand degrees centigrade. from
passing through the tube ahead of the
shell. II thus permitted TO pass, the gas
would instantly heat the tube that
the projectile would in it's passage rip
the inside of the tube at the rif1ng
piece of soap.
The body of the shell is made. in all
parts but one, a very little less than
twelves inches in diameter; this place.
known as the bourellet. is made where
the shell begins to diminish To a point
almost exactly twelve inches in dame
ter. thus the axis II the shei! and the
axis Of the tube 1bore of the gun, coin
eide The most perfect instruments,
scientific methods and perfect nechani-
cal skill are required to make these
parts. II the bore of the gun has be-
come worn or eroded the copper rotating
band does not give the projectile proper
rotation and the missile wabbles in its
flight, falling to carry accurately.
Some years ago the Russian navy was
testing some steel armor, which every
one knows is constructed with the
hardest possible face. gradually falling
of to a tough steel back, comparative
ly soft, supplied by an English firm.
To the amazement of those making the
tests. the solid steel projectiIes pene-
trated the armor every time without
injury to the she'll. The testing board,
in dismay. telegraphed the English
firm. but the manufacturers wired
back: You are firing at the wrong
side of the plates. Turn them around T"
This was done and every shell was
broken up by the armor.
This gave an American named John
son an idea. He constructed over the
hard, chilled d-steel point of the projec-
tile soft steel cap, and by SO doing
increased the armor- piercing qualities
of the projectile wonderfully. Today
as a result of the mistake of the Rus
SLAMS in shooting at the wrong side of
an armor plate, all projectiles have
over their points soft steel cap
which increases their armor penetra-
ton. These caps are shaped In such
manner to give the projectile the
very best shape for passing through
the air and obtaining the longest range
A few years ago il was discovered
Evening star., 1915-01-24

of the country. but Chicago remained
the headquarters. When things here
were running in order mother decided
that she would make personal trip
to the camps to see if the supplies
were adequate and jf other forms of
aid We're urgently needed.
Il have heard her tell of the harrow
ing sights which met her eyes when
she arrived at the front. The wounded
Evening star., 1915-01-24
the Missionaries.

of whom have many friends in Washing
ton who remember them well as recently
members of the community at the mon
astery in Brookland.