davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01

the government expected to be paid SIPS per acre for its land. And if the settler on unsurveyed and un-of- fered. unprecedented land did not pos sess two hundred dollars at the time the lands were offered at public sale. subject to his pre-empting right, he must yet expect that some enterpris- ing American might force the gov ernment to sell him out On offered land, if the settler could not pay for his land within one year, he too, must live in fear of the day some one else might buy him out. The settler under these circumstances had but one recourse-to go further to the west. and this he often did.
 If we do not consider his restless, adventurous, enterprising makeup, is there any better explanation why the American settler continued his jour- ney toward Alaska, than the provis- ions of the pre-emption laws? For thirty years they were substantially unchanged; it was to be twenty years before the homestead law was made. For twenty years yet must the settler on offered lands accumulate during the one year period of his preference right to file. enough to purchase his home on penalty of the loss thereof to the interruptions purchaser. For thir. ty years yet must the pre-emption settler on unSurveyed un-offered lands be ready with the amount oi the purchase price whenever the public auction was held. Although the opportunity offered by the pre- emption law to the interruptions and hard-hearted was a privilege of the law itself. popular feeling and a lib eral treatment of the settler in the sale of the public lands gradually di unfinished the number of public sales
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01

(. B. Walker. Register of the land He was raised in the Ccntcnial state. received his early training in the public schools of Colorado Springs and was graduated from the Univer- sity of Chicago in 1898. He has been in the land service of the government for fourteen years. and was appoint ed to his present position in 1910. The Juneau Land District is regarded the United States to administer. and il iS the largest in area During the incumbenCy of NIT. Walker and Of the Receiver. Frank A. Boyle. over 1.l50 of the Alaska coal land cases have been adjudiCatcd in the local land officc-an office possessing jul diCial powers of original resort in the special Jurisdiction of the Depart ment of the Interior in its disposal of public lands.
 MT. Walker is married. and there are three children in their family. two boys and a girl.
 a tenant at will But even this very slight recognition of his necessity was dependent upon a written dec laration by him to the government that he did not lay any claim to the land settled upon. that he would commit no waste or damage, and that in the event of a sale of the land by the United States he would give quiet possession to the purchaser and remove altogether from the land. Such an extraordinary act. as well as the Act of March 3, 1907, and the proclamations referred to, would nev. CT have found a place in the archives of this history of the land laws of the country if the settler had not been a man to be reckoned with Such prohibitions are the more remarkable when it is considered that the cost of the public domain to the govern. ment has averaged but AZ cents per acre-from 34 3-1O cents paid for the Gadsen Purchase to 1920 cents paid for Alaska.
 If these examples of early legisla
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01

pay only a reasonable price, or. if ! the settler had no money at all. buy 1 his land at the maximum price by stipulating between or among them selves that only one should bid. This system was fruitful. many times ripe and often rotten with fraud. and for fifty years court decisions comment ed upon the scenes at the land office that attended a sale of public land.
 The Credit System
 An incident of the sales period un- til 1920. is what is known as the cred it system. In the beginning the gov ernment accepted one-twentieth of the sale price and gave extended per iods of credit for the payment of the balance. Later the payment Of one fourth of the sale price was required, the balance to be paid in four years with interest at six per cent. and a discount of eight per cent for cash. A purchaser by paying all cash could secure his land, if he paid the mini mum price. at $1.64 per acre. Prior to 1906. evidence of the public debt was receivable in cash. Failure to pay the initial or any of the subse- quent payments when due involved a forfeiture. Yet the day was one of promise. It was the era of good were filled with moving families and almost entire neighborhoods, in many places. packed up and left for the west. It was not yet the time, Sam is rich enough to give us all a farm
 After 1920 the government gave no more credit in the sale of its land. The sales system however remained ! the law of the land until 1891, when the laws permitting public and private sales and the pre-emption laws were repealed. Practically no pub lie sales were made after 1869. pub. lie opinion compelling a reservation of the public domain for the benefit of the settler who was not able to buy.
 More Time To Pay
 In the beginning of the sales period
 we find that Congress concerned it self with the relief only of the pub lie land purchaser who found in the apt vernaCular of later day tha he had bitten off more than h, coIId chew" The relief. however , was limited to those of small mean and left the larger speculator t, 5 take care of himself-a concession t, the insistent theory that the resourC r eS of the nation were involved il !. the fate of the small land holder Bu l even the limited pre-emption laws r later in this period, giving a settle :. prior to the date of the several acts r the right to purchase at minimum
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01

and the last of these was held as stated, prior to 1870.
 Land For a Shilling
 Although the pre-emption laws brought repose and relief to many a settler, there was a large class of citizens absolutely without any oppor- tunity of becoming beneficiaries hereunder. That they were numer- ous is as certain as the fact that the pre-emption laws were not for them.
 Van Buren, Tyler and Polk made numerous references to this class of citizens in their messages to Con- gress which resulted, after the par ticular instance of President Polk in what is known as the Graduation | Act of August 4, 1854.
 1 Much of the lands in the more set tied districts of the country had re- mained untaken. though settled upon
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01

plumbing firms in the city. The firm employs only Alaska men and believes in patronizing home industry to the fullest extent possible. Eight plumb. CTS ar" on their regular pay roll
 Whu" Marshall and Newman make a speciality Of plumbing. heating and roofing equipments and installation for modern private houses they hay" had chuT@" of th" installation of the heating and plumbing in several Oi th" large buildings in the city. among which are the Juneau Furniture Com pany's building and the Valentine Block. Tn" company contracts for plumbing throughout the Territory and does a large business in Douglas as well as in Juneau.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01
CContinued from Page 2D

(Continued from Page 2D
 tlemen: upon the public
 lands as aforesaid. forthwith
 to remove therefrom." The proclamation referred to the many ''uninformed or evil disposed persons who had settled upon the public lands, and authorized the em, ploymcnt Of the militia for their rc- nova!.
 \ similar proclamation relating to lands ir Alabama was issued under the same act as late as March 6, lS2O. by the democratic Andrew Jackson. the settler being commanded forthwith to depart and remove thc crefrom."
 A Tenant At Will
 The idea that the settler had no place on the public lands of the Unit ed States is even more clearly stated in the law of the land and the Act of Congress of March 26. 1916. which gave the settler legal status. but a precariOuS one. Under the terms of this act the settler became d tenant
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01
DEVELO LOPMENT OF LAND LAWS AND THE SETTLER IN ALASKA
 (. E. WALKER
BY C. E. WALKER

tion and policy, however, were to be accepted as expressing the attitude of the government and the policy of the land laws at the time. a true un- derstanding of the status of the set tel would be impossible.
 Lands Pledged For Debt
 After the Revolutionary War, the nation was in debt. The debt was an honest one. Full legal title under specific conveyance, original. mesne and final, was in the United States The government could not admit the right of settlement without sacrific- ing a most valuable asset, the public domain. Without such an asset the debt could not be paid and the honor of the nation maintained.
 Thus it comes about that the early history of the disposal of the public lands of the United States until 1S41 is that of sale of the lands for prof it. Yet from the very beginning it was realized that the sale of public lands was impossible unless the price therefor was within the reach of the settler. He must be induced to set tie. must be able to pay to his grant or a profit on what the latter had paid 10 the government; otherwise there could be no sale. The ground work of the system devised by Alex. hl II..K, sales and the accommodation of pres cnt and future inhabitants of the western territory.
 Congress a Sales Agent
 Generally. it may be said that prior to the year 1900 sales of public land. were made pursuant to special act: of congress. whereby those person. or associations named in tho Act: might purchase a million acres o more al prices varying from 66 2: cents to $200 per acre. After 1900 sold under general acts of Congrcs relating to specific areas of the land inviting the public to purchase on day set, at not less than $2.O0 pc acre.
 Under the act of March 3. 1SO7. :il President was generally authorize in the future to proclaim the sale of areas to be designated by him, an on dates to be fixed by him afte due publication of a notice of sal, The system at first favored the ma of large means. Areas no smalle than township were disposed O No settler could hope to buy. Late
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01

the area was reduced to GAO acres, then to half section. and again to 160 and 80 acres. After the close of the sale, those lands which remain ed unsold became offered lands" and could be purchased at private entry at any time by the payment of the minimum price.
 Selling Out the Settler
 The unfortunate settler whose home had been established upon a GAO acre or 32O acre tract, or later on smaller area, could, on the date of the sale, buy his location by bid. ding against all others. Often two or more persons who individually were not able or disposed to buy could, by secret combination, outbid a settler if the latter was able to
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01

price, operated only for the prosper ous settler. Such acts are numerous until 1S41 and bespeak a condition that compelled, in 1S41, the passage of the first of the general pre-emp- tion laws. The settler was becoming only a ere technical trespasser upon the public lands. He was fore ing legal recognition of his occu- pancy of the public domain.
 The Pre-emptlon Laws
 The injustice of the sales system, forcing the government to sell out the settler who was unable to pay, and the final payment of the Revolu- tionary War debt compelled the passage of the Pre-emption Law of September 4. 1881. This law might well be called homestead law. Con. gross realized the place of the Ameri. can home in our political system and it's social influence. Inasmuch as the Revolutionary War debt had been practically paid in 1886, it was no longer thought matter of little moment that Congress should fail to direct the force and effect of its land laws toward the upbuilding of the home.
 The Act of 1841 operated not on. ly retractively but prospectively. For the first time in the history of our land laws. settler might make a settlement on unsurveyed or survey ed land confident that the govern. ment would give him a chance to buy before selling the land to some one else. The law did not state that every man able to pay $1.25 per acre might purchase 160 acres of pub. lie domain. It stated that such a man might purchase at $1.25 per acre only the land upon which his home had been located; that he must not have abandoned home elsewhere to locate 1t: that he must have a wife or children, or both: that single man or woman over the age of twen. ty-one years must expect to have a wife or husband and children; that a widow-as a compensation for her services to the state might be a beneficiary; that house must have been builded upon the land, contain. ing the possessions of the pre-emp. tor. and, to be sure. that each bene. ficlary must be citizen or expect to become one. ....... | But, alas, Congress still said that
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01
(Continued to Page 24
JOHN HENSON.

Coming to Douglas almost two de- cades ago. John Henson. the pioneer real estate agent and conveyancer of that place has been a prominent citi- zen from the first. After the incor- poration of Douglas for more than a dozen years he was municipal clerk and magistrate. During his long resi- dence at Douglas he has managed many estates, and cared for the prop erty interests of non-residents. Nev- CT. during his long term in office or in the many trusts which ne has dis charged have his fidelity or capabili- ties been questioned.
 MT. Henson is the owner of the Henson Building and other valuable Douglas real estate.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01
Marshall $ Newman PLUMBING AND SHEET
 METAL WORKS

Two years ago G"org" Marshall arI John Newman opened q plumbing shop in the city "f Juneau. ani in their second year their business has increased on" hundred per cent. over that of th" first year The manage. mcnt attributes this SucrcSS to the fact that they always give ii square deal. and that they are willing tu com
 pete fairly with the various other
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-01-01

All the News All the Time.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11

these may come and go almost
without our volition, but we come
into life, 1t takes us and wraps
us about with its great mystery,
we know not why 1t has picked us
out of the void-of-the-never-was
or at what moment that, tired Of
our futile cries against fate, it
will throw us into the void-of-the-
know-not-where. We only know
that We are in the land of the
living and must stay here for a
time alone. Poor Bill, / feel
rather sorry for him when he
was talking, and so l said, "You
can come and take me UP to
Donna's in your car and I will
call on her."
"But Donna will want to como
with me-" ,
"You need not tell her what
you are going to do"
1.-THE ride will not be long
enough for our talk"
laughed. "Well, Mr.. Bill, you
certainly have settled down into a
domestic animal. | know a time
not so long ago, when Bill Tenney
could be counted upon to take the
longest way home if he wanted to
talk -
ITO a dear sweet woman" in
terrupted Bill with the first tone
of pleasure in his voice I had
heard since l first began to talk
to him.
"I'll be over, Margie, at two
o'clock"
"All right, I'll be ready"
Little book, ! wonder If I am.
giving Miss Grundy a chance to
gossip"
sContinued Tomorrow
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
AS IL Used to Be and Now

j. English department the university
snd theT TACO
at dinner the fraternity house.
talking poet mechanics
does it matter much But do remember how
notice of it, and stopped their
yelled Them You there cut out the
highbrow. Remember where are"
discontinued their somewhat embarrassed
joined topic day, which e that pull
Orphe he awful line of bunk the
which it
The offenders
namely not drag serious inter-
them there such things belonged the
casrooms only.
time gbeoe the great The other day
talking
being Other isten remained
This n a fraternity house.
thought maybe the world does after ALL
anyway things what they used to be-
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
EVEN CROSS, SICK
CHILDREN LOVE
syrup OF figs.
IF feverish, bilious, con-
stipated, give fruit lax
alive at once.

Don't scold your fretful, peev-
fish child. See II tongue is coatedI
this Is q sure sign its little stom-s
ach, liver and bowels are clogged
with sour waste.
When listless, pale, feverish,
full OF cold, breath bad, throat
sore, doesn't eat, sleep or act
naturally, has stomachache, indi-
gestion. diarrhooa. give a tea
spoonful of California Syrup of
Figs,1 and in a few hours all tho
foul waste, the sour bile and fer
menting food passes out of the
bowels and you have a we'll and
playful child again. Children love
this harmless fruit laxative"
and mothers can rest easy after
giving 1t, because 1t never fails
to make their little ''insides''
clean and sweet.
Keep ii handy, Mother! A lit
tie given today saves q sick child
tomorrow, but get the genuine.
Ask your druggist for 50-cent
bottle Of California Syrup of
Figs" which has directions for
babies, children OF all ages and
for grown-ups plainly on the bot
tie. Remember there are coun-
terfeits sold here, SO surely look
and see that yours 10 made by the
California Fig Syrup Company"
Hand back with contempt any
other Fig syrup.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11

through
do but
ymndh
his deamto become
Hohenznern tined toreaz
nandm thod
helm o xtend hirignto F
Germans
food the in
n eliminated Her her
mda
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11

Eyes, Bill. l think do under
stand, but l can hardly see how i
can see you alone, especially be-
fore ] see Donna. Besides, do you
think it will do any good to talk
1t all over? Kitty Is out of 1t all
now, poor girl"
Look here, Margie, you've got
to see me some way, somehow.
You had more to do with this
AFFAIR than anyone and I've got to
know some things which only you
can tell me. Now where and when
can / see your"
l did feel sorry for him, and
again asked myself If | had done
right in interfering with his affair
with Kitty. Every day that ! live
| find myself more and more COM
ing to the conclusion that trying
to run other peoples affairs is a
great mistake-a greater mistake
perhaps, than any thep could
make, provided they had done
their own managing.
believe, little book, that IL Is
one of the things we seldom learn
thoroughly, but ii is nevertheless
true that ones life is ones own
the only thing in this mortal ex-
istence that is ones own. We,
however, must live 1t in solitary
state, pay for our own mistakes
and. sins. Whenever we let any
one into the sacred place-no
matter who-and ask advice or
help, we are always wrong, be-
cause no one-not even the one
who loves us most, can know all
tile twists and turns of our
minds, all the aspirations and
struggles of our souls.
We must live alone, as we are
born and die alone. Some we
may love, some we may hate,
some may walk very near us for
time and help us bear our load,
but it comes to the one thing at
1ast-we struggle on--and even
though we are surrounded by a
multitude that seems
bound for the sams place, by the
same road, yet we must march on
our own feet, no matter how Grip
pied and weary they are.
We may count our life by our
but our emotions are
not all of life. Love, hate, grief,
pleasure, pain. goodt evil-all
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
EDITORIAL PAGE---Let the Truth Prevail!
Going Fought Out On Great Plains Asia


arm ado and threaten
The T O
it o all
tries O. rise in con-
o II
tremainn tugh n
str
ins dmach bu
is edream the
mkado wills swarm thouhC lima in tide become
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
ITCHING TORTURE STOPS

1t is unnecessary for you to
suffer with eczema, ringworm,
rashes and similar skin troubles.
A little zemo, gotten at any drug
store for 25c, or $1.00 for extra
large bottle,l and promptly ap-
piled will usually give instant
relief from itching torture. 1t
cleanses and soothes the skin and
heals quickly and effectively most
skin diseases.
Zemo is wonderful disappear
ing liquid and does not smart the
most delicate skin. 1t is not
greasy, is easily applied and
costs little. Get it today and save
all further distress.
Zemo, Cleveland.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
CONFESSIONS
T. OF A WIFE
Copyright, 1918, by NewspapeR
Enterprise AssOciation.l

Copyright, 1918, by Newspaper
Enterprise Association.1
The telephone rang this morn
ing about ten o'clock and / was
much surprised to recognize Bill
Tenney's voice coming over the
wires.
"How are you, Margie?" he
said.
I'm Just fine" answered,
when did you get homer"
1--WE came in last night"
"Is Donna well?"
Perfectly"
Tell her ! am coming over to
see her soon."
"Margie, my name came
rather hesitatingly over the wires.
II want to see you alone. l want
to talk to you about Kitty. l am
so shocked and grieved that l
must talk to someone, and you
are the one person in all this
living world | can talk to-who
will understand"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
rub RHEUM ATTIC,
ACHING JOINTS
and STOP PAIN
Instant relief with a small
trial bottle Of old
"St. Jacob 8 OIL"
Rheumatism is pain" only.

rheumatism is pain" only.
Not one case in fifty requires
internal treatment. Stop drug
cling! Rub soothing, penetrating
st. Jacobs Oil" right into your
Sore. stiff, aching joints, and re-
lief comes Instantly est. ia
tobs Oil" is a harmless rheuma-
tism liniment which never disap-
points and can not burn the skin.
Timber up! Quit complaining!
Get small trial bottle of old,
honest "St. Jacobs OIL at any
drug store. and in just a moment
you'll be free from rheumatic
pain, soreness and stiffness. Don't
suffer- Relief awaits yoa. "St.
Jacobs Oil" ii just as good for
sciatica, neuralgia, lumbago,
hacl,aGhe, spralns.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
Police Win Literary Glory

Five police inspectors recently appointed committee investigate
unemployment conditions in New York.
they seldom accredited Few of them would claim special training
social investigators They often college graduates They not
20 a a philanthropy.
madeo On
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
GOSH! SOME PEOPLE ARE
FINICKY!

Ezra Wilkins - That young
dude didn't have no complaint to
make last season, but this year
he's allus complainin' about the
butter!
Aunt Wilkins-What's the mat
ter with It?
Ezra--Cussed If l know! N's
the same butter We had las year.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11

"The English disguised a ma
chine gun to look like a movin z
picture camera and the Uhlans
fought to get in front Of it,
War Correspondence.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11

"Mose, l hear that your son
Pete is good for nothing dar-
key?"
"Yasah. Deed he is. Dat boy
tryin' ter make two wild oats
grow whar one grew befo'!"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
Novel War Activity

The separation of families scale unknown the history o.
Of the by-products Of the present conflict.
Thirty thousand of these scattered families have been reunited in west
with the The employed index and filing
tenn established in Paris Geneva and Lyons
teaspoon
10000 lost babies mothers together
Yet has been largely through the devotion of
women
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11

have been selling my pills for
20 years and have never heard
word of complaint. What does
this ndicate?-Doc. B.
(Dat dead mlen tellee no tales.)
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11
rluny Ownership In Detroit

reaconary newspapers chorng
udcpa ownership in the Detroit election
Think before chortle brethren!
Detroit All Detroit did
down particular plan of purchasing street lines which that
another plan will be submitted.
doubt whole lot favorable
refed the proposal
failed fought by the radical municipal ownership well
- by the foes Of popular rights.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-11-11

"Did you strike the defendant
in an excess of irascibility?"
mo, sor! / struck him In the
stummick!"
II you believe persistency will
always win, try blowing soap
bubbles and pinning them to a
woman's hat.-Exchange.