davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
WORkMEN'S LAW
NOW IN OPERATION
Few Firms in South Bend Re-
jeCt New Compensation
Statute.

The Indiana wOrkingmen's COM
~pensation law which went into effect
Wednesday will be felt by many
South Bend manufacturers. Under
the new law. corporations may elect
to accept the new statute or reject it,
it's acceptance meaning hat the cor
poration or individual employing
labor agrees TO compensate it's en-
ployes when they are injured while
on duty and TO pay a stipulated sum
to dependents in case All emplOye is
killed while in pursuit of his work.
Rejection Of the law means that an
employer is subject to personal injury
damage suits without the ordinary de-
lenses in such cases. The employers
who accept the law insure their en-
ployes in some casualty company, but
a city may carry its own risk.
South Bend does not have to take
out insurance but the city is liable
under the act. In the future if a pO-
liceman, fireman or workman on the
streets of the city be injured while
performing his labor he Will continue
TO draw a portion of his regular pay
during the time he is incapacitated.
This will not conflict with the police
and fire pension regulations. The in
jured employe will draw during the
period of enforced idleness a salary
dependent upon the extent of the in
jury.
All men who employ any one will
be held liable for their employees in
juries unless they have rejected the
law. The only exceptions TO the new
law are the farmer and the casual
worker. a few firms employing a
small number OF workmen have for
mally rejected the law here, but the
majority of the larger business and
manufacturing concerns have accept
ed it.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
BORDNER SPEAKS AT
COMMUNITY CENTER
Gives Summary OF Work Done During
Summer Along AgTi-
cultural Lines.

County Agent John Bordner ad-
dressed the regular meeting OF the
Clay and Harris Township Community
center last night, giving a N of
various experiments he has conducted
along agricultural lines in the county
during the summer. Mr.. Bordner also
pointed out ways by which the crops
of the locality could be improved and
gave many interesting and instructive
pointers TO the members of the center.
@. II. Rupely also addressed the meet
ing in connection with proper meth
DDS of ensilage.
Arrangements were made at h
meeting for the exhibits from the cen
ter which Will be entered at the In
terstate fair to be conducted Sept. IA
Is by the st. Joseph County Fair &
Amusement association at Spring
brook park. Many members Of the
center will enter products and live
stOck at the fair and indications are
that the two townships will make an
exceptionally gOO1 showing at that
time.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02

is ORGANIZED
Hungarian Lodge of Tribe of Ben Hur
Formed With Forty
Members.

Budapest court, No. 352, Tribe of
Ben Hur, was organized with 40 Hun
.garian members Wednesday night. z.
@. Bowers of Charlottesville, state
manager; Guy c.. Grimes, district
deputy, and J.. NJ. MacCorkle, deputy
for the Hungarian court, installing
officer, were in charge Of the cere-
monies. Members of Beech Tree
court. No. 211, and court No. Al were
present. Talks were given by Victor
Won Kubinyi and =. O. Bowers, after
which a gulash supper "a served.
Following are the officers elected
for the coming e Past chief, Vic
tor Won KUbinyi; chief, Peter Bujtos;
Judge, Anton MOlnar; keeper of tri-
butes, George Husvar; teacher, Katie
PorCgi. NJ. of H. Agnes Fekete; Ben
Hur, Michael Husvar; captain, John
Molnar; guide, Joseph Simon; master
of ceremonies, Alexander Torok;
keeper of inner gate, Anna Bujtos;
keeper of outer gate. Rose AmbrOza;
Tiersa, Elizabeth TOrOk; scribe, Flor
ian HusVar.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
WARD
TEAMS BANQUET
Plans Made for Opening Series
Saturday for City
Title.

Representatives Of the ward
league teams affiliated with the ANA
teur Athletic federation banqueted at
the Y. NJ. G.. A. last night and made
plans for the city championship series
which opens at Singer park next Sat
urday afternoon. DR.. r. r. Carson.
chairman of the baseball committee.
presided over the meeting at which
the schedule for the championship
was presented and adopted.
Next Saturday afternoon the Mues-
sells, trio ward champs, and the Sun
nysides, who took the fourth ward
hOnors, will combat at 2 o'clock al
Singer park. Following this tilt II r.
second ward champions, the Regula
and tire Grace NJ. r. team, which
headed h seventh ward. will meet.
The schedule for the remainder of the
series follows:
Saturday, Sept. 11-Regulars VS..
S~unnysides; Grace NJ. +. vs.. Mues-
sells.
Satu ay, Sept. 1S-Grace NJ. f. vs..
Sunny les; Regulars vs.. Muessels.
Although a number Of protests were
entered at the meeting last night. but
n received recCgnition. Ed Zilky Of
the Grace NJ. T.. team BEING ruled out
of the championship series.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
KAISER'S FORCES ARE
REPULSED IN V0SGES
Germans Make Use of Gases, Says
Paris RepOrt-Artillery
i'm Duel

PARIS, Sept. 2.-Renewed Ger
man attacks in the Vosges resulting
in the repulse of the kaiser's troops
at Lingekopf and Schratzmaennele are
reported in today's Official cOmmuni-
que issued at the French war office.
In their attack the again
made use Of shells containing asphyX-
iating gases.
The artillery duel between the OPP
posing armies is increasing in vio-
lence. The Germans have opened a
lively bombardment Of the entire
French front.
The text of the official communique
follows:
Some artillery duels were report
in the course of the night around
Melville st. Vast, in the region Of
Roye, and in that Of Auberyive-Sur-
Suippe.
I'm the Argonne, during the day Of
yesterday, there was a sharp cannon
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
MAY REOPEN CASE OF 1918
Mrs. Katherine Worms Reported
Back TO Fight Divorce.

Serious complications may arise out
Of the reOpening of a divorce case
which was tried in the St. Joseph
superior court two years ago. Mrs.
Katherine Worm. from whom Ed
ward Worm secured a divorce two
years ago. came TO South Bend We'd
nesday prepared to reopen the case
and have the courts ruling set aside.
The divorce was granted by Spec
ial Judge Fred Woodward about Sept.
s. 1918. on abandonment charges.
Mrs. Worm says that at that time she
was in Cleveland and knew nothing
Of the divorce until some time after
IL was granted to her husband. Mr..
said.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
CLUBS TAKE INTEREST
IN INTERSTATE FAIR
Community Centers and Home Eco
nOmic Clubs Planning to Have
Interesting Exhibits.

Much interest in the Interstate fair
which is to open on the 18th is being
displayed by the community centers
and the home economies clubs. The
Roselawn Economic and the Clay and
Harris township Economics club are
making elaborate plans to enter eX-
hibits which are expected to take
their place among the most interest
ing 1T the fair. Meetings will be held
by both clubs next Friday night. the
former at the Slower school and the
latter at the Ullery school.
Every organization in the city de-
voted TO rural betterment is urged TO
take an active part in securing exhib-
its at the fair.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
KUNSTMAN ESTATE
VALUED AT $4,000
Property Left by Young Man Who
Anna Il. Walker. His Mother.

Real estate valued at $500 boo com
prises the estate Of Harold b. Kunst-
man. who committed suicide i'm Chi
cago on Aug. 20. This real estate in
cludes. in addition 10 various pieces Of
residence property. the store building
at 123 5. Michigan St, the kunstman
flats on w. Washington av. and an
apartment house on Lafayette 81.
The estate was entered for probate
Wednesday afternoon and the Union
Trust Co. qualified as administrator.
The only heir to the estate Is the
neither, Anna Kunstman Walker.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
REMARKA-LE
RESULTS FROM
new REMEDY

AmOlox. the new scientific liquid
prescription. banisheS eczema all
skin eruptiOns. IL stops all itch and
burning instantly. Simply apply or
wash the diseased skin with this pene-
trating, mild, soothing solution and
all agonizing itch will stop. and
sleepIess, restless nights Will be a
thing of the past. AmOlOX Ointment
will quickly relieve pimples on the
face. ~blackheads. and all minor skin
troubles. Apply like cold cream.
Sufferers from eczema. psoriasis. tet-
ter and bad cases OF skin diseases
lasting for years. should use both
AmoloX liquid and ointment 10 effect
"a cure Trial size. soc. Guaranteed
by Chas. Coonley x Co.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
Acute ArticuIaF
rheumatism

The exact cause Of rheumatism IS I'M
known, though 10 Is generally believed TO
De due TO an excess OF uric acid IA the blood.
~ may be also said with equal truth that no
remedy has been oun which IS a specific
IN al cases In fact the literature Of rheu-
matism shows that there are but few drugs
Nhlch nave not been given a trial. In the
hands OF one observer we ind that a certain
drug mas been used with the utmost salts
faction; Others have found the same remedy
10 be a great disappointment. All physf-
clans however agree that every meth "a of
treatment IS aided by the administration Of
remedy 10 relieve the pain and ouht
the nervous system and DR.. w. =. SchuItze
expresses the opinion OF thousands OF prac-
utloners when he says that
Tablets should be given preference over an
other remedies for the relief Of the pain In
al forms OF rheumatism. These tablets can
be purchased In any quantity They are
also unsurpassed IN headaches, neuraigkas
And AZ pan. Ask for AK Tablets.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
KAISER THANKS TROOPS
Praises Men For Their Courage in
Eastern Battles.

BERLIN, sept. 2.-(By Wireless)-
Emperor William has sent TO the Ger
mar army operating on the Bug river
a message OF thanks for its devoted
bravery and endurance in taking Brest
LitOvsk." With this message he sent
to all the German commander the i'm
perial thanks for the great marches
and fighting achievements of every
section Of the army.
Fall Opening Thursday and Friday.
Mrs. NJ. A. Fralick. -Advt.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
P0ST0FFICE WILL BE
OPEN PART OF MONDAY
Labor Day to be Observed in Custo-
mary Fashion With Only Fore
noon Deliveries.

Labor day will be observed at the
p~ostoffice in the customary holiday
fashion. The general delivery, stamp
and registry windows Will be open
until 10 a m. The regular holiday
collections Will be made from mail
boxes. There will be one mail de-
livery in the residence section of the
city during the forenoon and two de-
liveries in the business section. There
Will be no delivery Of mail by the
rural carriers.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
ROTARIANS GET MEDALS
Two Me Present at All Eight Meet
ings This Summer.

Medals were presented TO two mem
of the Rotary club for having
attended all the eight meetings this
summer, at a meeting held by the
club. The medals were conferred by
Frank Il. Herring. Allan ID. Albert,
who was elected president of the In
ternational Rotary clubs at the San
Francisco convention, will visit South
Bend some time between Sept. Is and
Sept. %. Mr.. Herring Will rive an ad-
dress on the convention at a meeting
10 be held on Sept. s.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02

ade TO the north of Fontaine Houyette
and at Haute Chevauchee.
The night was quiet in the VOsges
after a bOmbardment with shells con-
tanning asphyXiating ~as. The enemy
launched last evening a violent attack
gainst our trenches at Linge and
SchratZmaennele. We maintained our
positions. In the middle Of the night
a new German attack was likewise
repulsed."
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
TAKES BOYS ON HIKE
Party of Ten Goes to PinhOok. Led
by Vernon Smith.

Vernon Smith of the Y. NJ. G. A.
took a party of 10 boys on a hike TO
Pinhook Wednesday evening, where
the boys cooked their suppers and
told campfire stories. Several camp
fire games were played. The regular
meeting of the Boy Scouts was also
held Wednesday night at the Y. NJ.
c.. A, a general discussion being the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
MARRY FOR THIRn TnIE-

A marriage license was granted to
James Buffers, % years old, a retired
contractor of Larwell. Ind, and Fem
ME EbersOle. 1870 Calvert St. widow
OF the late Andred Ebersole, Wednes-
day morning. Both people have been
married twice before.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS
From the Records OF h Indiana
Title * Loan Co.

Jan Maciulski and wife 10 Gustave
Biebuyck and wife, part l. 16 Stude-
bakers sub. OF L Harper * Ruck-
mans survey. S1.225.
Charles Bailey, sheriff. to Building
* Loan Assn. J.. 4 j. T.. Cripe's ada.
10 Roselawn. $1,000.
Ira W. Gross 10 Valentine Gordon.
a tract of land in Madison twp. $500.
Ann NJ. S~tudebaker to Wilbur VI.
Warner and wife. part b. O. l.. 46. 81.
Wilbur ". Warner and wife to Ann
NJ. S~tudebaker. part y. .. /. As. 81.
Ann VI. Studebaker 10 Joseph A.
Werwinski, part b. O. Is. as and 46.
81.
John w. SCHNEIDER. ct al. TO Edgar
A. Stanley, a tract Of land in Penn
twp. $500.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
WORK HORSE PARADE LABOR
DAY.

Enter your horse, $50 prizes and
badges. call or write L II. A Perish
ing. sec. Humane Society, 203 f.
Wayne st.-Advt.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02

Millinery and Art Neediework open
ing Thursday and Friday. Mrs. NJ. A.
Fralick. -Advt
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02

NEW YORK, Sept. East and
west met in New York on Saturday
and were married. East was repre-
scented by Miss Ruth Anderson, 20
years old, a tall fascinating native of
Sweden with light golden hair. The
young Lochinvar out of the west was
Carl Piehl Of Austin, Mimi, also a
native of Sweden.
Miss Anderson arrive on Friday
on the Scandinavian ] r Bergens-
ford, alone, to meet l fance here
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02

The trustee OF Olive township. St.
Joseph county. Ind. makes an est
mate for the 1916 expenditures:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02
In the Meantime

We are selling good
looking Hats, Suits, FurS
and Coats. Stylish Ready
tO-Wear.
Correct styles for our
customers to wear at the
FAIR.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-02

Total .............. s~35.05O.OO
LOT c. RUNNELS, Trustee.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-18
NEW LAND FOUND
BY STEFANSSON
Explorers Report DisproFes OLD The
ory That Arctic Ocean is Deep
Basin Devoid Of Land.

New York, Sept. 18.-Satis6ed by
Stefansson's announcement that he Is
alive and well at Banks Land. in the
Arctic. explorers and geographers di-
rected attention today to the new land
he reports he has discovered in the
far north.
In Stefansson's own report the new
Iy discovered land is located near IS
degrees north latitude and III degrees
west longitude He actually saw about
100 miles of coast line running in an
easterly direction and apparently pen
etratfng TO a distance 20 miles in
land, where from a hilltop the explorer
saw mountains at a distance of so
miles. Cyrus c. Adams. president Of
the Association of American Geogra-
pliers. declared III statement today
that Stefansson's new land lies about
100 miles north of Prince Patrick Is
land and that the most southerIy part
of the land which the explorer visited
is. considerably east of the most east
ward extension OF Prince Patrick Is
land
Mr.. Adams expressed the opinion
that the land discovered by Stefans-
son rises from the continental shelf in
shallow waters that surround the
Perry Archipelago and that its dis
covery shows that this part Of the
Arctic ocean is comparatively shall
low.
The expedition was undertaken by
stefansson 10 test the theories which
had been set forth by Dr. Nansen and
others that the unexplored portion Of
the Arctic ocean is q deep basin virtu-
a1Iv devoid OF land Other explorers
had asserted that land of considerable
areas lay undiscovered taere.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-18
English Railway Mems
Union Warns Commons
Against Conscription.
SUPPORT LABOR HEAD
All Workers Will Quit if Par
lament Should Order
War Draft.

London, Sept. 18.-The executive
committee Of the Amalgamated Union
OF Railway Servants unanimously en-
dorsed the statement in the House OF
Commons on Thursday Of J. H Thorn
as that conscripton would bring on
an industrial revolution and that the
railway workers would stop work.
The resolution adopted by the COM
mittee c0ugratulates AIr Thomas. who
lis the organizing secretary Of the lab
or body, on his fine statement" and
endorses the views he expressed. 1t
adds:
The committee instructs the gem
eraI secretary Immediately TO summon
this executive committee il the gov
ernment introduces any proposals for
compulsory military service"
The executive committee. before Mr..
Thomas made his speech In the Com
mons. had adopted a resolution record
ing its opposition to conscription.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-18
EXPECT BATTLE
NEAR MAzATLAN
Carranza Removes General and Orders
Vigorous Campaign Against
Forces of General Villa

Mazatlan, Mex, Sept is, by wire
less 10 san Diego, CaI-Three thou
sand villa troops under General BueI-
ma have advanced to Acamponetas q
town about 70 miles south of Mazat-
Ian. In the vicinity of Mazatlau 1900
CarraBza troops have modified under
General Dteguez and the indications
are for an active campaign between the
opposing forces.
General Ramon Iturbe. since the be-
ginning Of the revolutions in supreme
command Of CarTanza troops in the
state Of SinaIoa. has been relieved of
his command by Diguez by orders OF
General Obregon and has left for Man
zanillo. Lack Of active operations is
supposed to have caused his recall.
a Carranza column under General
Estrada is reported advancing on
Tepic from the south bat no decisive
action has occurred.
The United States cruiser Raleigh
is anchored of this port.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-18
WARD HELLER ADMITS
FRAUDS IN ELECTIONS

indianapolis. Ind, Sept 1S,-Ernest
Roeder, who recently pleaded guilty to
the election conspiracy Indictment on
which Mayor Joseph F. Bell is being
tried, tod Of hts activities in primary
and election DAYS at todays session
of the court The witness admitted
that as clerk at the primary he gave
Edward lyons, Joseph Markey and
other 60. called slate candidates. votes
without counting the ballots, that he
bought votes and voted persons ilIeg-
ally al the election
did you see Mayor Bell at the polls
on election day." he was asked.
eYes. I talked 10 him"
What was the conversation?
Bell asked me how we were get
ting along. | told him all right-we
were putting things over The mayor
said .all right
~Roeder then told me how he was
permitted 10 90 in and vote ahead OF a
line Of fifty or more voters.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-18
EUON ARMIES HAVE INVESTED The CITY Of WILMA ON THREE SIDES
French Take
/ lLrk rench
On Gal1jpolj
Mine Gallery OF Defenders
Destroyed by Forces of
Allies Without Loss.

Paris, Sept 18.-The capture of a
Turkish position on the GallipoH pc
ninsuIa by the French forces was an
nounced today by the war ONCE.
The announcement follows:
In the Dardanelles from Sept. IL to
Sept. II there was no movement Of i'm
portance- The Turks attacked sew
eraI positions OF our front by means of
mines, which had not been employed
by them mp to this time. On the morn
ing of the 18th an enemy mine gallery
was destroyed, after it had been ad-
vanced for several days. by our coun-
ter mines. The operation was per
fectly successful without costing US
q single loss.
There was activity during the night
IN the sector OF Neuville and Rociin-
court, before Roye and on the plateau
of Quennevieres. There were fre-
quent artillery bombardments but
without activity ON the part of the in
fantry.
In the region Of Berry-Au-Bac and
in Champagne. in the region around
Perthes and between the Atsne and the
Areoune district there was continuous
and lively cannouading.
"On the rest OF the front there was
nothing to report
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-18
GERMANY WILL
ANNEX BELGIUM
Swiss Paper Predicts That DecIara-
tion is Soon to Be Made and VIII
Include French Districts.

Geneva, Sept IS (via Paris.)-The
Lausanne Gazette says it has learned
that the German government has de
cided to issue d declaration annexing
10 the German empire the neeSsp4ed
territories in France and Belgium,
The Gazette says this measure has
been determined on for the near fu-
ture, because it now appears impossi-
Bile that the war will be ended, as had
been hoped. before winter. According
to this newspaper the German govern
meut intends to organize the conquer
ed territory from a political and ad-
ministrative standpoint, which is ez-
pected to strengthen Germany.s moral
position. Civil administration has
been slowly replacing military rule
in the occupied regions and, the Ga
zette continues. this process will be
extended mcthodically
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-18
SAINT ANNA FIRE
DEED OF ENEMIES
Number of Unexploded Bombs in Hold
Of Burning Italian Liner Now
at Azores.

London, Sept. 1S.-LIoyd's agent at
Saint MichaeIs. Azores, teIegraphed to
day that the captain of the Fabre line
steamer SAINT Anna attributed The fire
or his vessel to the work Of propa-
gandjsts of an enemy country. The
report says there were many explos-
ions on Sept. 13 on the SAINT Anna
which put in at the Azores on Thurs
day after the fire had been extin-
guished. Later a number of unex-
pIoded bombs were found 1t is said
the ship surely would have been blown
TO pieces if there had been munitions
of war on board.
A wireless message from she SAINT
Anna was received at Halifax last
Sunday night saying that it was on fire
and in need of assistance, but a later
message announced that it was safe
and was proceeding 10 the Azores un-
de convoy Of tn Ancona of the Italian
line
The SAINT Anna had on board 2,539
persons. including between 1900 nd
/ zoo Italian reseryists- It sailed from
New York on Sept. Tor Naples and
MarseilIes.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-09-18
ASKU.S. TO FIGHT
SEIZURE OF MEAT
Packers Attorney Has Precedent to
Get State Department Protest
on English Action.

Chicago, Sept t8.-Acord{ug to C. j.
Faulkner Jrs OF counsel for Armour
d. Company, the case of the steamer
Arabia which arose during the Russo
japanese war, sill be called to the at
tenaon OF the state department in CON
neeticu with seizure of meat carEoes
by the British prize court. Mr.. Faux
uer and Henry Needer. counsel for
Swift & Company, expect to leave Chi
cago for Washington ON Monday 40 en-
list the assistance OF the government in
the case.
I'm the case Of the Arabia. " said 1Ir.
Faulkner, "a Russian prize court con
demned a cargo which had been con
signed TO Japan. The court was ami
mated by much the same reason as the
British court IN the present case.
namely. that the skipper should prove
that the consignment was destined to
a. innocent purchaser.
John Hay. then secretary of state.
telegrapbed 10 Robert s. Mccormick,
then ambassador to Russia. refusing to
recognize the decision. Mr.. Hay said.
This substantive principle of law
cannot be over-ridden by technical
rule of the prize court that the owners
of the captured cargo must prove that
no part Of it may eventually come to
the hands Of the enemy's forces. The
proof is Of an impossible nature and it
cannot be admitted that the absence of
proof in its nature impossible can JUS
tify the seizure and condemnation.
This principle, continued Mr.
Faulkner. as laid down by Mr., Hay,
was later accepted by the Russian gov
erument."
Mr.. Vaeder explained that the unus-
uaIly heavy shipments to neutral coun-
tries after war was declared was due
to the fact that Germany raked these
countries dry of foodsuHs and the
neutraIs had TO repIenish