davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
Boats Stronger
Than the Crews

r HE cruising radius of the latest
German submarine cruisers is said
to be limited only by the endurance
of the crew. Fitted with Diesel engines,
burning about ten tons Of oil for every
thousand miles, the S0O-ton submersi-
bles have an oil storage capacity OF fifty
tons, which would carry the craft 5000
miles. the distance probably covered by
the submarines that made the journey
from Germany around the north OF
Scotland and through the Mediterra-
mean to the Dardanelles.
The oil capacity of the submersible
can be greatly increased. however. by
carrying many tons of oil in the water
ballast tanks.
Human endurance. however. will not
stand an indefinite stay on a submarine,
especially when quarters are more than
ordinarily cramped by the carrying OF
extra stores There is, too, continuous
oozing of oil from the bulkheads and
doors throughout the ship. and this, cou-
pied with the inCessant pounding of the
engines at close quarters. taxes the en-
durance of the most hardened navigator
of the undersea waters.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
MUZZLE Loading Cannon Is Reintroduced Into British
ARMY for
WORK in
TRENCHES

HH UZZLE-LOADING cannon. declared
i" obsolete a half century or more
ago by armament experts. have re-
turned in Europe, along with the hand
grenade and armor, also believed of past
age until the world war developed in all
its fury. French and Russian soldiers
are very frankly and openly wearing steel
helmets to ward off bullets and the hand
grenade has been one of the most ef-
fective of trench weapons.
Now the British are eQuipping their
trenches in Flanders and France with
hundreds Of muzzle-Ioading cannon,
found to be the ideal weapon for trench
warfare But it is only in that the
weapon IS loaded through the muzZle. and
not through the breeCh, that the new
weapon resembles the ordnance OF a CEN
tury aEo. Otherwise, il is the most mod
eTn OF wea pOns invisible 10 the enemy,
rapid fire and automatically aimed. The
runners are protected by a steel canopy.
The ELn is aimed and fired through a
perIscope. The barrel of the gun follows
the range finder. so that when the gun
per sights objective, the gun IS trained
and aimed automatically at the object.
The shell. which weighs $50 pounds, is
dropped down the muzZle OF the gun 1t
has a cartridge on the end which strikes
2 spike in the bottom of the gun. dis
charging the shell Immediately. BY an
ingenious loading device fr..-.. shells a"e
dropped into the muZzle Of rhe gun and
the old shells elected with great rapIdity.
The new mUzzle-loadtng cannon is the
product of hitherto unknown inventor
named Stokes. who had haunted the
british war office for eleven wears prior
to the war. He had never even received
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
WhyH..P.IsUse
toFigure Power

HI1HEN Bolton and Watt first placed
w their steam engine on the worlds
market, they arbitrarily declared
the drawing power Of horse to be
33 900 foot-pounds. or the ability to lift
$4,000 pounds a ui-ute. Power was
represented in terms of horsepower be-
cause the steam engine was designed to
take the place of horses. The unit has
been used every since and probably will
endure long after horses have disap-
peared from the face Of the globe.
The following are the various values of
horsepower: $4,000 foot-pounds per
minute. $50 foot-pounds per second.
1855 thermal units per hour, 42.75 ther-
NAL units per minute. The horsepower
of a boiler depends on its capacity for
evaporation. The evaporation of 80
pounds of water from 100 degrees
Fahrenheit into steam at 20 pounds
gauge pressure equals "a 1-2 pounds and
at 212 degrees Fahrenheit is equivalent
TO horsepower.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05

the bottom of the board is a speed lndi-
Gator and pointer. the different speeds
being indicated by different zones in or
der to make il more easv TO read.
Sweden A. Richards. Eben H. Van EN-
burgh and Clayton Zeller are the pat
entees. Speed OF ten miles an hour and
under is indicated by one color. fifteen to
twenty-five miles by another and more than
thirty miles by a third hue of the indicator.
The pointer is regulated by governor
and spring, to keep 1t steady. The Combi
nation tag holder and speed indicator IL
primarily for the benefit OF city and cour-
try police officials. who may see by a
glance whether the machine is running
faster than the prescribed speed limits.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
RADIUM Cures
X-RayDISEASE
In EARLY STAGE

PITHELIOMA, the dread and curse Of
the Roentgenologist, has been found.
in its early stages, amenable to
1adium cure, so that distinct step in the
advancement Of Roentgen-ray science has
been achieved. Epithelioma is skin can
Ger caused by the X-ray and has been the
cause OF the loss Of fingers. hands and
even the lives of Roentgen-ray experts
At recent meeting of the British Med
ical Association. the Roentgenologist sec
tion was notable for the large number OF
disfgured hands. arms and faces. In some
cases epithelioma has spread to the chin
and chest Skin grating, freezing and
other desperate measures have been used
in vain to arrest the course OF the dread
disease.
1t is now firmly established, however.
that radium rays will cure the malady in
its early stages and relief has been OBJ
tanned, even when the disease had ran
couple of years. The effect of radium on
long standing cancers, however, is nil
1t seems almost paradox of radlology
that the accepted use of a heavy gamma
radiation from Roentgen tube will cause
a diseased condition of the skin, which
similar radiation from a tube Of radium
will cure. The output of the Roentgen-ray
tube is almost wholly composed of hard,
penetrating, irritating gamma rays. The
radium discharges the beta ray in great
quantity, as we'll as the gamma ray. 1t is
the beta ray that has been proved beyond
question to be the efficient curative power,
and it is only the secondary betas gen.
Grated by the gamma when striking any
resisting substances. that gives it its value
in the Roentgen-ray tube work. Hence. a
surface lesion of morbid cell growth. be
it hyperkeratosis or basal cell is cured by
the large output of soft beta radiation OF
radium.
1t is not possible that, IL 1t were pos
sble to gauge the output of the Roentsen-
ray tube in power enough to generate the
curative beta rays by impact on the su-
perfcial disease, it could be cured, as
we'll as by radium, but in so doing it
would be necessary to discharge energy
enough of the hard gamma variety to be
highly injurious to the deeper tissue Of
the vessels, muscle and skeleton.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
SAND IsFrozen
ThenCUT Away

TNERY conceivable engineering diff
fculty has been met and overcome
ny the builders OF New York's ad-
dftional suhways. One Of the problems
faced by the engineers was caused by
large hodtes OF quicksapd tar below sur
face. Removal of this qu!cksand threat
cned the collapse Of large sections If
territory. So the engineers borrowed an
idea from Europe and froze the sand
In old world mines. when h.C Sec
tons of quicksand are encountered in
shaft. pipes arc driven in a circle around
the shaft and cold brine circulated
through them until the quiCksand Is
frozen solid. Then the shaft is cut
trrou-h and the ,ldes walled up. Never
lad n: method been employed IN Amer
ira. hut the subway builders saw no r"a-
son vhv Tho principle should not he ap-
rued to subway construction. 1t was,
with cHtrT" >HrCcSs.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05

Now WHarnessed

IOLCANOES are being harnessed in
" Italy. Steam is generated and from
the steam electricity. And the novel
part of the affair Is that the power issues
from the volcano in the shape of steam.
but il is too full of impurities to be very
effective in lis original form. So fresh
water steam is generated by means OF the
escaping steam.
Borings OF thirty or forty feet Yield an
unfaiing supply of steam at pressures Up
20 more than three atmospherss. and Of
temperatures up to more than 700 Fahren-
heit. The steam is found in Tuscany. near
the village OF Volterra, in a volcanic he:
springs region.
Tie steam has been wastefully used in
small engines of an old. noncondensing
type. but in recent experiments the heat
of the springs-on account o. the impuri-
ties contained--is made to generate steaD
from fresh water, and this is employed In
low-pressure turbines for driving electric
generators. The large area TO be SERVED
with electric energy from the earth's ow1
heat if present expectations are realized.
will include the neighboring cities OF Vol
terra. Siena and Leghorr.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
Highly Charged
Drinks Declared
toBe Dangerous

r FFERVESCENT drinks are becoming
more and more popular. but now
comes a part Of the medical prcfes-
sion to tell US they are more unhealthful
than light wines and beers. Cider and un-
fermented juices Of fruits are declared far
superior to both. when physiological cor-
rectness is considered.
The chief fault with the efervesccnt
drink seems to be that one calls for ao-
other, in ever pyramiding style Ths
scientific explanation Of this is that tas
slight stingtng or pricking of the palate
caused by the highly charged drink pro
duces Immediately an increased flow OF
saliva. The salivary glands are 20 more
susceptible to perpetual stimulation than
any other and after each period OF ex-
cttement one of depression follows. Thus.
while the efervescent quaf may for the
moment effectually quench the thirst. it
is not long before the thirst is back,
stronger than ever.
Another fault laid at the doors Of the
effervescent drink is that it is generally
charged with carbonic acid. Now the
stomach. especially when it is empty. al
ways contains a quantity of carbonic
acid for purposes nature knows best When
to this natural supply is added the amount
in the effervescent drinks, nature is over
supplied and the general system suffers.
Certain physicians. in deploring the
vogue Of the effervescent drinking liquid.
hopefully assert that it is merely fad
and that soon We will return to the more
wholesome natural drinks of our fore
fatherc
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
MUSIC SOftens
Fear Of KNIFE

no YOU prefer to have your appendix
removed to the lifting tune of Cali
fornia and You" or to the more
sombre strains of The Rosary? Or per-
haps. according to your unneutrality, you
would like to go under the knife with
"Tipperary" or Germany Over All" ring
ing in your ears
It's the newest adjunct to surgery. music
IN connection with operations. And the
anesthetic is not permitted to interfere
with your enjoyment of Your favorite selec-
tion. for the music continues until you are
waited off to sweet Inconsistencies on the
wings of the ether sponge
DR.. Max Thorek. surgeon-in-chief of the
American hospital. New York city. was the
first TO employ music as a first aid TO
surgery. 4 vaudeville player. Marie Aller-
ton. of the sisters team of that name. was
about TO have her appendix removed but
was extremely nervous. DR.. Thorek. be
lieving nervousness deleteriouS condition
just before an operation. induced the ac-
tress 10 sing. all the nurses and attend
ants joining in the chorus. Miss Allerton
chose to face the knife with Moonlight
on the Rhine" on her lips. At the third
stanza she suCcumbed to the effects of the
anesthetic. skillfully administered. and
passed off TO Inconsistencies with a smile
on her face.
The operation was eminently success
full. much of the credit for which was laid
to the music by Or. Thorek
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
Tune.Deafness DEFECT Of the GREAT

y HE defect in many persons known
as "tune-deafness," or the inabil-
ity to carry or distinguish a tune. is
not an indication of lack of artistic or
poetic character. The fault is with the
nerves. Musical appreciation extends to
d great extent on the exercise of mental
and physical faculties. and the delight in
music calls, for an alert sympathy between
the nerves and the cerebral faculties.
without which connection there is deh-
mite musical lack, although the nerves
perform their ordinary function Of COM
municating sound to the mind.
Among the notable cases of tune
deafness among the great we're Presi-
dent Grant, Queen Catherine of Russia
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
WIRELESS Chain Now Extends
TWO-THlRDS Around WORLD


entire The covered will
parallel latitude
Nine
FunabaSh a
the
Alden
The the beginning of
it
PetDg
in
Ma al
stations
The 30klowatt which three
in
ru M
more miles
appar
+ The the o sc
ntd n
a
OF itself any
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
Motion Picture Car Is Latest


in
of
n work
motion
the
Truchan Mich Mr.
o
In
tina
Of
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
Machine DRIES
YOUR HANDS

z INCLE SAM has abolished the hand
towel in some Of his Washington de-
partments and in its place has in
stalled electric hand driers. The device
looks like a rectangular box with the face
front knocked out. 1t is about as high as
a cabinet phonograph. The aperture is
just large enough to accommodate two
hands. An electric heating and blowing
device forces a stream OF warm. dry air
into the opening, the flow being led into
the lower chamber of the box.
Girl employees in the departments in
which the electrical driers are installed,
with truly feminine resourcefulness, have
converted the driers into hand beautifying
accessories. They rub their hands with
cold cream and let the electro-towel do the
rest.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05

and Dean Stanley. The latter, although
he was the first person to introduce
Bach's passionate music into the re-
ligious service of the English church,
often declared that he had not a note
of music in his head" Queen Catherine.
famous for the relentless warfare she
waged on Frederick the Great. used to
say she would give the world to be able
to appreciate and love music. declaring
that for her music was noise and moth
ing but noise.''
President Grants attitude towards
music is ably summoned up in mis- famous
remark: 81 can distinguish but two tunes
one is Yankee Doodle and the other
isn't"
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
One .MiIIionth Inch
Measured by Device

A y instruEleG: SO delicate that II viii
~ measure one-millionth of an inch has
been invented by British scientist.
Prof. c. W. Chamberlain. president and
head OF the physics departing of Denison
university. Some idea OF how small one
millionth of an inch is may be gained by
comprehending, if possible, the size of tho
head of an ordinary pin viewed from dis
lance of 227 miles
Professor Chamberlain calls his instru-
ment a compound interferometer. II Is
400 times as powerful as the most perfect
compound microscope.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
| Farners Use Phone

\ farm report Just issued shows that
ouefourth of the telephones operated by
leading company are located in farm
houses The spread of the telephone in
tn last five years has been surprisingly
swift hut hardly outstrips the use of cleo
;rcaI appliances in the home, in the fac
tory. on the farm-in fact, in nearly every
"haSe of life.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
Double-H2aded Locomotives
Supply French TRENCHES

headed The locomotives look as II the
rear part of two small ones had been
joined together.
Each boiler barrel has separate set
Of tubes and is supported on saddles
placed Immediately over the center pins
of the bogies. An outside shell, between
the two trucks. and supported on plate
frames riveted to the saddle, carries the
two freboxes. The inside of these is
made of copper. the tubes are of brass
and the boiler shell of steel
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
SPEED of Auto
Seen at Glance

A COMBINATION license tag holder
~ and speed indicator for automobiles
has been patented by a trio of
Easton, Pa inventors The device is in
the form of square board. to the top of
which the license tag is attached At
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05
Cost of Sugar Beets

recent investigation into the cost Of
sugar beet growing in England showed
that the expense incurred by the farmer
IN growing an acre of sugar beets was
approximately $40. representing a cost
per ton of beets Of s4.15. The charge
for loading and transportation brought
the cost of the beets delivered At the
factory up to $50 ton.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05

Switzerland announces its readiness to
receive sick and wounded prisoners of all
helligerent countries, in accordance with
the pope's proposal.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05

The barrel 0f the gun is about fifteen
feet long and rests on tno pedest1lS ID
and e.. Uhtch are CI1mped dorm TO the
bottom Of deep trench. The shell (G)
has 4 large cqrtr,dge M attached, and is
Just dropped INTO the muzzle. As It
reaches the barrel THIS carthage strikes
n spike (CJ. ,ch,oh erplodes 1t inston-
t1neouslv. 4 steel shield (EJ protects
the Gunners from ShrGpneL
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05

s;:;' s q: :: :: n'H: 'ss' :": :s':s:: =: s
fornia and You" or to the mora
The Washington herald., 1915-09-05

RR RUZZLE-LOADING cannon. declared
" obsolete a half century or more
ago by armament experts. have re-
Evening star., 1915-05-02
OPENING TO MOTORISTS
OF YELLOWSTONE PARK
Regulations for Use of Roads Issued
by the Interior De-
partment.

With Yellowstone Park open August
l to self-propelled vehicles, it is a Ger
tainty that road travel will greatly in
crease to the northwest country. Trans
continentalists will be able to cover the
Yellowstone circuit; then, continuing
northwesterly. take in Glacier Park
and reach Seattle through the new
Snoqualmie Pass road Southerly to
Portland will come the opportunity to
see the wonderful Columbia river high
way. San Francisco is, of course. the
real mecca for the large majority this
summer.
In the official bulletin from Secretary
Lane reference is made to the neces-
sity of new telephone lines. checking
stations and imposing regulations
which will insure a safe use of park
roads by motor cars as well as by
horse-drawn vehicles The following
extract from the official communica-
tion sizes up the situation:
Park Traffic Regulations.
plans carefully worked out by Of
ficials of the Interior Department, with
the cooperation of the army officers at
the park. call for a-schedule which will
keep the automobile traffic entirely in
dependent of the stage traffic. All the
regular traffic will move in one general
direction in making the circuit of the
park; the automobiles leaving half an
hour before the stages, both morning
and evening, from the different en-
frances or from the intermediate sta
tions at which they are checked in.
1T is expected that the road through
the park will be a link in the highway
to the northwest, and will give the
motorst who is contemplating a west
ern trip an opportunity of seeing sew
eral of the other national parks.
Mount Rainier and Crater Lake ma
tional parks would be reachable, and
the motorist, continuing his tour
through California, could visit the ex-
positions at San Francisco and San
Diego. Crossing the Sierra Nevadas on
his return journey, he could pass
through the Yosemite National Park,
over the scenic Tioga road, which Sec
retary Lane has just accepted on be-
half of the government.
Evening star., 1915-05-02
Purchase Detroit Electrics.

A Detroit electric cabriolet. finished
in blue, with wire wheels and uphol-
stored in blue broadcloth, was delivered
Friday to Count Macchi di Cellere,
Italian ambassador. The crest of the
ambassador is embossed on the panel
Of the doors
Hampson Gary, special counsel for
the Department of State. has also pur-
chased a Detroit electric duplex drive,
clear vision brougham. finished in
Brewster green and upholstered In Bis
cult gray imported whipcord. Deliv-
cry was made yesterday afternoon.
Evening star., 1915-05-02
Breaks Franklin Auto Record.

Announcement is made that another
Franklin automobile record was estab-
lished yesterday by David g. Hendrick,
local representative. whom he covered
33s miles on one gallon Of gasoline in
the annual national Franklin efficiency
demonstration. The run was made by
200 Franklin dealers throughout the
United States. each Of whom Will sub
nit sworn statements as to the mileage
covered in the various parts OF the
country Mr.. Hendrick. May !. last
year. covered 32.4 miles on one gallon
of gasoline, which record was broken
yesterday afternoon by IL miles. The
car was Of the five-passenger type and
equipped with an air-cooled motor and
carried three passengers.
Evening star., 1915-05-02
1915 Studebaker Deliveries.

Gen. G. r. Smith and {. E. Chamber
lin were among those who purchased
1915 siX-cylinder Studebaker touring
cars during the past week. A Stude-
baker with depot body was delivered
to Mrs. Levi p. Morton for use at her
summer home on the Hudson river and
four cylinder cars to Mrs. Ellen T.
Alden and S. Rosen.
Evening star., 1915-05-02
Truck Representative Here.

Jack" B. Sperry. formerly connected
in local automobile circles. was in
Washington for few days last week
in the interest Of the Chase Motor
Truck Company. of which he is special
representative. He is at present max
inR his headquarters with the Phila
delphia branch
Evening star., 1915-05-02

automobile users point of view. Re-
garding the other possible sources OF
revenue, a small tax on motor cycles,
recently decided upon, will be in ac-
cordance with justice and, although
these machines do not appreciably dam
age the roads, the riders make much
use Of the convenience of the high
ways and the larger majority of cyclists
pay little or nothing for such use.
Evening star., 1915-05-02

white. e-4s touring cars: A K Dc
Maine. George p. Hammand and John
E. Grosh. 6-45 touring cars; Edward B.
Terry, $50 touring car. and John A.
Frederick and T. B. Smith, $50 road
sters of the same make.
Evening star., 1915-05-02
A Franklin Visitor,

w. F.. kneip, manager of the Frank
lin Motor Car Company. Of Baltimore
was a visitor at the local agency Fri
day. He was engaged in making trial
trip in connection with the national
gasoline economy contest for Franklin
dealers. which occurred yesterday
Evening star., 1915-05-02
Purchase of Tioga Road.

The Tioga road was built in 1881 by
eastern capitalists to reach a mine
which soon after failed. In the years
since it has fallen into complete dis
use Several efforts to secure it's pur-
chase by the United States or Cali
fo:nia have failed. Arrangements for
its private purchase were successfully
started by Mr.. Mather on a recent trip
to the coast, and public-spirited citi-
zens and organizations in California
are now completing these subscrp-
tionS."
Evening star., 1915-05-02
Appointed Hup Sales Manager

The Hup Motor Car Company an
nounces the appointment OF Leo An
derson. formerly advertising manager
of the Chalmers Motor Company. as
sales manager to succeed Frederick
A. Harris. who resigned Yesterday.
Evening star., 1915-05-02
Buyers Of Apperson Cars.

Among tho purchasers of 1915 Apper-
son cars last week were the following:
Oscar ]. Ricketts,, E. P. Newton. c. NJ.
Dement,, W. D. Banner and F. H.
Evening star., 1915-05-02

The largest order of merit in the
world is the French Legion OF Honor.
which has more than half million
members.