davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-08-01
FUTURE SUPPLY OF POTASH

ing potash salts of American origin on
a commercial scale. DR.. Frank Cam
eron of the bureau of soils has officially
expressed the opinion that the COM
mercial production of potash salts from
American sources and in quantities
sufficient to meet the growing needs of
the nation is quite practicable. The
Investigations in this direction are by
no means completed; are, in fact, yet
in their infancy. and what the ultimate
possibilities of American potash may be
cannot yet be predicted with certainty"
The productive capacity of the kelp
fields of the Pacific coast has been esti-
mated by the Department of Agricul-
ture. Their extent, SO far as mapped
by the government, is $50 square miles,
estimated to be capable of producing
annually 59,300,000 tons of fresh kelp.
or 2,266,000 tons of potassium chloride.
This would be six times the amount OF
potash salts imported annually, which
ranges about 100000 tons. but in this
connection the government investiga-
tion has reported that lit is hardly to
be assumed that any such harvest of
kelp is soon, if ultimately, to be real
lied; but it is practicable, and at least
removes definitely any necessary de-
pendence of the United States upon for
eign sources of supply for potassium
salts
4
The kelp potash industry holds out
great promise and reward, and some
private capital and enterprise have
already gone into it, perhaps not yet
on very extensive scale, and con-
servative investors are not yet putting
all their savings into such new and
adventurous undertaking.
Three of the kelps that are high in
potash grow in large masses OF the
Pacific coast, where the bottoms are
rocky enough to furnish anchorage to
which the "holdfasts' or roots of the
plants are attached. There must also
be a considerable movement of the
water, for the reason that carbon
dioxide, which occurs in small guam
titles in sea water, is essential to the
growth of the plant, and in order to
obtain sufficient amounts of this
chemical the water must be constantly
renewed.
Various types of kelp-cutting or
kelp- harvesting machines have been
tried out, and there is no mechanical
difficulty in bringing on board the
barge great masses of the weed. The
weed when dried and powdered has
been found by the workers in the
of the bureau of soils to
contain about Is per cent potash, per
cent nitrogen and Is per cent phos-
phoric acid. The governments ex-
perts say that the preparation OF pure
potassium chloride from kelp is a more
complicated one, and has not yet been
worked out satisfactorily. and un.
there will be valuable by.
products, such as iodide. --.----
Evening star., 1915-08-01

cluding wireless mastS, removable oeck
ratings, a light bridge and hagstaHs-
This, of course, provides some space,
even though it be limited. 1or the
crews to take airings. in relays. for the
atmosphere below" in submarine is
never all that might be desired. But
the deck furnishes no place for ade-
uuate exercise. Practically all of this
should it become necessary for the sub
marine to submerge.
In surface trim, however, much OF
the danger attendant upon submarine
cruising is eliminated in the presence
of the wireless. Should any accident
happen while the submarine is below
the surface, however, help can be sum-
moned through system or unoer-
water signals which has just been per-
fected, consisting of a vibrator oper-
ated by an alternating current, which
utilizes the water of the sea as con-
ductor. The wireless and the oscll-
lator "ears' of the submarine are aug
mented, of course. by it's eye" the
times except when the vessel dives. AT
such times the gyroscoplc compass
permits the underwater boat to navle
gate with a fairly accurate sense Oh
In the history of the United States
submarine there has been only one IN
stance when a submersiole mas tum ean
under it's own power. unallenu.u' rhat IN.
stay stance els is found in the exploit of the
D-3. in 1910, when she MADE .he Wy
age from Quincy, Mass, to bermuda
a distance of $50 miles. unattendeo.
Quite recently, also-in fact, no
ago than the date OF the naval
norslle on the Hudson river-the sister
ahins of the Pacific coast X boats par
1icinated in a remarkable run, when;
withont receiving any assistance ana
without replenishing their fuel supply,
thew made the run from Key west 10
New York in six days, through some
heavy weather which fell upon the"
off Cape Hatteras.
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to guard when
the X boats are going, is regarded IN
ternationally as one of the most per-
feet natural naval bases in the world.
1t lies at almost the geometrical center
of the Pacific. 1900 miles from San
Francisco, 4,s17 from Hongkong, S.SsS
from Yokahoma and easily accessible
from all other cardinal points in those
waters.
Long before the United States ac-
quired possession of it Russia, Eng
land and France attempted to gain
control, for the same reason that Eng
land for centuries has held Gibraltar.
Even before a single defense was
Evening star., 1915-08-01

m HE practical suspension of Ger
many's export trade and the con-
4 sequent cutting off of the chief
source of American supply of potash or
pota ssium compounds used in the prep
aration of fertilizers has turned the
thoughts of many men to the sea for
the food which nourisheS the soil and
increases the growth of crops. The
province of Saxony, Prussia, has been
supplying the world with potash salts
and it has been written that the war
isolation of the little town of Stass-
furt with it's neighborhood richly pro-
ductive of potash salts. has caused
more stir and annoyance in the neutral
world than the isolation of many larg-
er and much more famous places"
Various and energetic efforts have
been made by the agencies of the
United States government to make this
country independent of, instead of de-
the United States has been searched
for deposits that would be commercial
ly workable and satisfy the American
demand for potash in the manufacture
of manure salts. and in the soap.
match, glass making, cloth finishing
and pharmaceutical industries.
Potash is widely distributed in COM
bination with feldspar, mica and sea-
weed and hundreds OF Other Things, out
to obtain potash in laboratory tests and
as a practicable commercial operation
are vastly different matters. Deposits
of promise have from time to time been
reported as having been found in Tex
as, New Mexico and California, but
still the United States has looked to
the German potash syndicate for its
supply, and even then the supply has
not filled all wants because the syndi-
cate with a view of conserving its nat
tural capital has restricted the output.
determining each year how many tons
shall be produced and what percentage
of that produced shall be sold outside
of Germany.
In the potash industry the United
States has paid a tribute of many mil
lior dollars a year. and since an en-
barge was laid by the German govern
ment against the export of potash last
January great inconvenience has been
suffered by many American industries.
While the geological survey has been
seeking high and low for commercial
sources of potash. the Department OF
Agriculture believes that we may be-
some Independent of the German potash
syndicate through the utilization of
kelp, or seaweed, which is rich in
potash. With this belief in mind Con-
gress ordered special investigations to
be made into the possibility OF obtain
Evening star., 1915-08-01

times she does and sometimes she don't.
1t depends upon how she is feeling to-
ward me. 1 suppose other women feel
the same way about their husbands
You see. human nature is just the same
wherever you find it, except women are
different from everything else, al
ways"
The canoe house contains sixty of
these craft. light. swift and obedient in
skil1ful hands. but altogether too sem
sitive for unkind use Two tennis
courts are laid out for the members
who enjoy that sport. On the wide
lawn in front Of the veranda and un-
der the shade of the trees is the site
of the old bowling green, where the
game of bowls was indulged in during
the early days of the club. Some of
the wooden balls with which it was
played are preserved in the clubhouse.
North of the club grounds is another
four-acre island, also owned by the as
sociation. On it members may pitch
their tents for a temporary outing
when they wish. Between the two is
lands and the shore lies the swimming
pool, with deep water. shallow water
and sandy beach; and on the south
erly side an eXpanse of smooth water,
extending to the heavily wooded Letter
Evening star., 1915-08-01

went to the other and called. The faith
full creature, carrying one end of ball
of twine with him, rushed to his master
and was duly petted. but with the twine
a line was drawn through and with IT,
the pipe was drawn. and the water
connection was completed.
Sundays and all nights of the week
the canal spills over at this point
lot of water. The builder made flume
to catch it and set up at the lower end
an undershot water wheel. This gives
power. and a reversed motor of an old
automobile makes satisfactory
dynamo which collects and stores all
the electricity required to light the
camp.
Mr.. Talmadge. who lives here with
his mother all summer and fall, was
one of the original founders of the
Kenton Club. which owns the substan-
tial brick clubhouse beyond. He was
also one Of the original twelve. mem
bers of the canoe club which holds the
lease of High Island, lying near the
canal feeder dam. 1t takes ninety-fve
steps, each a foot high and cut i'm the
rock, to climb to the top of this is
land, but the effort is rewarded by the
magnificent view.
The story goes that the corner stone
of the Capitol was cut from the rock
of this island While there is not much
authority beyond tradition in support
Of the tale, there is a great excavation
whence such a stone may have been
taken. A central clubhouse and half
a dozen ca bins accommodate some OF
the original twelve members and their
families during the summer.
Resuming the trip along the river.
which may most easily be made by fol-
lowing the towpath, where is met an
occasional mule team drawing a canal
boat on it's slow but steady way, one
passes cabin camps all along the river
front, each different from its neigh
Dor, but all having resting and dining
porches, all having open f1replaces and
all provided with the graceful and con-
venient, if unreliable, canoe.
One camp is owned by four bachelor
girls who, under the protection of
chaperon and a superb collie, occupy
their cabin all summer. They shoE.
with some little confidence that their
common sense will be appreciated, a
little ice box and a cooking fireplace
built up SO high that the cook does
not have to stoop when baking flap
Jacks or frying the bass which foolish.
Evening star., 1915-08-01

DIR lieutenants in the United
States Navy have thrown down
liz the gantlet to the traducers OF
~ the United States submarine,
and the Navy Department has granted
them permission to attempt an epoe"-
making voyage in the history of under
sea craft.
They are the commanders of the -FOUR
boats of the "K class" now stationed
on the Pacific coast-Lieut. j. V. Ogan,
K-7. the f1otilla commander; Lieut.. j.
G.. Chew of the Ks, Lieut.. ]. P. Gliding
of the K-4 and Lieut.. ]. H. Lewis of
the KS.
Their task will be to take four small
submarines of the ordinary coast de-
fense type" so-called, each under its
own power, from San Francisco across
a long slant 1000 miles southwest
ward to Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiians
eAmerica's most important strategic
naval base.
AS closely as possible actual war con-
ditions will be simulated. They will
endeavor to make the entire run un-
eided, with an unreplenished supply of
fuel oil and without outside aid to
their commissaries.
X
For approximately two weeks the
bhips company Of twenty-five officers
and men aboard each of the boats will
live in the cramped, restricted bowels
of the little under-sea boats, with no
exercise save an occasional turn top
side when the weather permits the
use of the small sea-swept deck. And
the reason for the voyage? Well, in
the main, it is one of those unofficial
stories, only part of which will ever be
found in the naval records, and it is
the result of an unusual request made
by the four comma nders of the K boats.
1t is whispered about the Navy De-
to the Secretary of the Navy by Capt.
signed to investigate the shortcomings
of the submarine feet on the Atlantic
seaboard and who assigned 80 per cent
of the faults found in the under-sea
feet to personnel and the practice
OF detailing young. inexperienced Off
GERS to the command of the delicate
little craft, was responsible for it ALL
Anyway. when orders were given dis
patching the four * class" boats from
the Pacific coast to Hawaii, the four
Commanders of the submarines in
Volved, unofficially, of course, are said
to have made up their minds to show
the department that there was nothing
wrong with the Pacific coast submarine
personnel
Therefore, although heretofore all
long submarine voyages by United
States boats have been made practi-
cally, IL not literally, at the end of a
towline, and with convoy in addi-
tion. these four lieutenants sought a
rather unusual privilege of the depart
ment-of course, without any official
mention of the reasons therefor. They
asked to be permitted to make the long
yoyage~"on their own'twithout either
Evening star., 1915-08-01

led to his determination to create a
camp in the spot.
A small canvas tent, foored with
rough boards, the outside campfire,
cookfre, joyfire, the hearthstone of
hospitality, was then kindled and has
never faded.
This was some twelve years ago, Dut
some of those floor pieces are still in
use in the rough board structure
which has superseded the tent.
The underbrush long since fell be-
fore the ak and the pruning hook,
the swamp has disappeared through
drain pipes. but the wonderful old elm.
with it's sixty-foot spread of branches,
interposes, as of old, it's kindly shade.
and other friendly trees have been left
to delight the eye and protect the
camp The cooking now, except on
special occasions, is no longer done
over the opefs-- fire, but in a screened
cooking shelter near the board porch,
which is also dining room, across the
front of the ca bin.
Inside are just the things which one
who knows the owners of this camp
would expect to find there-a few good
books, a few good sketches, COM
Portable chairs and couches in the liv-
ing rooms (used only when it rains)
Evening star., 1915-08-01

Practically the entire nose of each
submarine is taken up with the mech
anism of that vital arm of the vessel.
the torpedo tubes, and the deadly mis-
siles which are fired from them. Aft
of this comes the tiny galley where
such scant rations as can be prepared
for twenty-five men in such q small
and cramped space are cooked upon
electric ovens. ,,
Directly aft of the galley are the
sleeping quarters. and aft of that the
tiny cabin. practically the. entire re-
the engine room, propeller and rud
der gear So, as far as the hull itself
is concerned, there is very little room
in which the men may make them
selves comfortable. In fact, while a
submarine is cruising beneath the sur.
Evening star., 1915-08-01

face it is almost necessary for every
man to find the little nook in which he
can best look after, his duties and re-
main therein, nomatter how great the
discomfort.
So the principal objection heretofore
to long submarine practice cruises. aas
been the extreme hardship such a voy-
age works on the men.
x
X
While the X boats on their long voy-
age may be compelled by rough
weather to run submerged. the present
plan is for them to make the voyage
in vtr&m for surface cruising. which
means that the cigar -shaped craft will
carry considerable superstEactures, in
Evening star., 1915-08-01
Recreation in Camps Along the Potomac

Sha and Tents
Problem the City for the Hot pe-Chb
ShoThe Attractions of the
Fishing Canoeing Mod
FromE island
Evening star., 1915-08-01

to sixty. feet. Its banks are formed
of coral and sandstone rock. and In
many places SO sheer were they that
they formed natural docks. The shores
of Pearl harbor are well wooded with
algeroba forests. and the place is pro-
tected from the fury of the open sea
not only by it's land-locked character
but by a giant barrier reef.
Evening star., 1915-08-01

Underwater Craft Planned From San Francisco to n
abor the Conditions Will Be Simulated and the Entire Kun
Nav Be Made Repensh Fuel Oil Without Aid From Convoy
The pBoats Official Operating Radius Miles, But
Heretofore Coast Defense Duty:
Evening star., 1915-08-01
FELIX MAHONY's CAMP.
Four of Uncle Sans Submarines Attempt Journey

raised about it Pearl Harbor was a
natural defense. 1t is a lagoon, con-
nected with the sea by riverlike en-
trance three miles in length. The inner
end of this fairway expands, dividing
into three lochs. which have an interior
coast line of thirty miles. The average
depth of the water therein, without
dredging, was found to be from thirty
Evening star., 1915-08-01

The club. under its present manage
ment, Herman L. Gasch, president; Miss
A. l.. Pierce treasurer: Alfred B. Dent.
captain. and /. w. Sharp, secretary. Is
increasing its membership.
The ride of fifty minutes to these
places is cool in the hottest weather.
and the outlook over the field and
trees, the river and the distant hills Is
panoramic.
The resident campers find it difficult
to secure good transportation for their
supplies of provisions. and even more
difficult, they say. to take back to the
city the loads of fish which they catch
and garden truck which they raise.
But in spite of such inconveniences
and of the presence of just few mos
quitoes and an occasional snake, there
are peaceful days and refreshing nights
within mile or two of the city.
Evening star., 1915-08-01

The clubhouse, built some forty years
ago, is a rambling affair. which is in
tended to accommodate visiting parties.
but does not provide sleeping places.
The parties. if they wish to eat. may do
so picnic fashion, or they may order
dinner from Ike. who can prepare as
nice a dinner as one can wish. Ike
johnson not only can cook, but he is a
philosopher.
When a passerby told Ike he wished
he had his picture, that worthy replied
with a grin on his wrinkled face: You
would have had work to find better
looking man.
Il suppose that is what your wife
thinks about you, too, Ike?" was
asked.
well, don't know about that. Some
Evening star., 1915-08-01

ly grabbed the bait cast by these SKILL
full fisherwomen.
,On a certain hot Saturday afternoon
tAey were in a fiutter because they were
expecting fifteen friends. the walk sec
tion Of the College Women's Club hiking
(via trolley carr to Sycamore Island The
stacks of marvellous concocted sand
wiches and deviled eggs told how wei
qualified they were for real camp life
The skill of their canoe team is wei
known on that part of the river.
little beyond their summer home
one comes to Sycamore Island. which
contains four acres and lies few
hundred feet from the Maryland shore.
1t has most beautiful trees; sycamores
and elms rear their heads seventy feet
and let their branches and inclined
trunks droop over the water on all
sides of the island. which is reached
from the mainland by a picturesque
rope ferry. This is the home of the
Sycamore Island Club, an organization
of about fifty-five members.
Evening star., 1915-08-01

tive time when ideas gather for new
contests with disease.
Another camper is finding the pleas
ure of living in tent while buiidlns
a new frame camp for himself. He is
from the Department of Agriculture,
where the principles of economics are
observed: SO. since the time may come
when he will wish to remove the
him from. like snail. carry
ing his house on his back, he has
adopted the ingenious plan of putting
up the cabin in sections, to be bolted
together. When the time comes for
him to leave for other countries. he
will pack first his trunk, then his
house, and ship them by canal to
new destination. At least that is the
theory, but as matter of fact he prob
ably will sell his house to the high
est bidder and apply the proceeds to
new camp.
Just beyond Camp Mahony lies Elm
camp, with its tents, shacks and cabin
Artistic folk live in the rough board
cabin with the broad porch. That is,
they live on the porch and sleep in the
cabin, in the delicately tinted rooms
with the little touches of color which
delight the eye and make the place so
restful.
Here, one of the fishermen says. it is
nothing remarkable to go out a few
minutes before breakfast and catch
ten pounds of catfish for the early
meal
When the old Potomac becomes
aroused in the spring it absolutely re-
fuses to remain within it's banks, and
comes up in the most familiar way to
visit the places on it's shore. Hence.
after some unfortunate experiences, the
owner of the next place decided not to
build his house upon the sands or even
upon the rocks, but upon stout wooden
piles set in concrete.
This building is the personal single
handed work of it's owner. Lighted by
electricity, with bathroom provided
with hot and cold water. it's construc-
tion presents some very interesting lit
tie problems. For instance. the eoU wafer aeet
had to be piped from spring 500 rect
distant, and on the other side OF the
canal. 1t was easy to carry the PIPE PIPE
to two-foot culvert running for 22o
feet under the bottom of the canal, put
how was he to get any further? the
owner got some boys to hold his dog at
one opening of the culvert while he
Evening star., 1915-08-01

estate on the Virginia shore. furnishes
the best of water for sailing. canoeing
and rowing. Further north the rapids
begin.
Evening star., 1915-08-01

The boats are capable ofrmaking at
least thirteen and a half knots hour
after hour; day in and day out, and in
surface cruising the Diesel oil-burning
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1915-06-18

tragedies of life, in such holy
surroundings, even. While
resting on a log some jolly
young men tramped past and
gave your scribe hearty sal
uto, which he as whole hearted
returned.
To tell of all my feelings, of
my delightful visit with Will
liam Monroe, who danced the
Highland Fling for me, with
Bilsborough, from Liverpool
with Frank Baker, till wee sma
hours, and a bove all else, the
Great Companion, unseen by
human eye, but seen, felt ant
heard by the trusting soul
Nature is nothing, unless yol
see, hear and feel God in it all
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1915-06-18
Barrington-Nom!and

A very pretty home wedding
occurred Wednesday evening,
when Miss Elgie harrington
became the bride of Mr.. Kemper
Numland of New York City, at
the home of her mother south Of
town. The ceremony was per-
formed by Rev. DIR. Gold of
Browning and was witnessed by
about fifty intimate friends OF
the bride and groom. A pleas.
ing program of music preceded
t h ceremony, rendered b
Messrs. Stack and Bateman anC
Miss Thomas and Mrs. Coburn.
A wedding dinner followed the
ceremony and the happy twain
/ left on No. l for Glacier Parl
and her western points, "
Pig rIn.,-ss joi-,4.-
friends in Wishing them n.~~
joy and happiness,
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1915-06-18
Drake Sued

C. il. Drake, Conra d
druggist, t, has been made
defendant in a damage suit in
the amount of $4,000. according
10 fheT6reat Falls Tribune,
plaintiff being Thomas j. Barker
of Kansas City MO-, a former
clerk in the Drake store at Con-
rad. Complainant alleges that
he was induced to purchase
stock, in the Drake company and
that said stock was represented
to him to be a good investment
but was entirely worthless at
that time.
Barker claims further that dur
ing all this time the directors
and trustees of the company
never held a meeting as required
by law or otherwise and that the
company is insolvent. He ac-
cordingly asks judgment for the
So, 1000 invested in stock and the
ST., 200 which he claims he was
required to expend in moving
his family back to Missouri.