davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

cation. and to do these things rapid
movement Is necessary. Quick action
must be used for the concentration TO
strike q decisive blow. otherwise the
enemy has time to mobilize and re-
sist with superior numbers.
Quick Action In 1870.
To these two characteristics of war
fare more than any other did Ger
many owe her rapid SUGGESTIONS OF
victory In the Franco-German war
forty-five years ago and the early
termination OF the struggle. But In
the present war the onrushing of her
seemingly fnnumerable troops was ar
rested at various places and at most
important points. perhaps at critical
period OF their plans. by the simple
device of barbed wire stretched across
roads and in the streets Of cities and
villages. besides being used with good
effect before the fortifcations.
These devices were executed in a
variety OF ways In some instances
before n spiked wire fence would be
driven hundreds OF stout poles re-
semblIng piles projecting from the
water or rather the stumps OF small
trees sawed of two or three feet above
the ground, and from one to another
strong harbei wire would be strung.
thus preventing the close approach
of the enemy or storming OF fort
by assault at close range. In many
cases iron posts are used instead OF
wood as the latter substance being
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

bassador had been given his pass
ports and had left the country sur
rounded by heavy guard to prevent
against his being severely injured by
the unreasoning mob Of Partsians
whom the very name OF German
aroused to = fury which seemed to
rob them NOT only aox any idea OF JUS
tice but even Of civilization.
Beds were quickly bought 1T the
personal expense OF the Ambassador.
and all the rooms In the embassy
were quickly turned into sleeping
apartments. On every floor werc ar
ranged impromptu sleeping quarters
and here the hunted Germans were
guarded.
{ Feeding this immense number Of
suddenly acquired diplomatic respon-
'sfbfIities WAS no slight job. The food
was ordered from npnsber ~ rssa
taprants. but these the. PATRIOTS
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

men and horses fall into these holes
and in many instances the horses,
maddened by pain from the pricks.
struggle to free themselves. killing
the helpless men beneath them. The
wolf pits" are almost as fatal to
the infantry, for the men fall head
long upon each other ON the thorns.
Surely barbed wire. In warfare is
the DEVILS own Invention" declared
one of the Red Cross nurses who has
recently come from a field hospital
The men who go up against this
wire." she continued. usually have
their flesh torn. and the wounds are
not easily healed. The rain frequent
ly rusts the wire and all sorts of dirt
settles there. This dirt is, of course.
carried into the wound and an infec-
ton results. The severe pain. too. Is
shock to the system"
For Prison Camps.
Barbed wire also plays its part at
the prison camps of the Allies. es-
pecially in England, where it Is used
to keep several thousand German
prisoners from escaping. This prison
camp embraces several thousand Ger
man soldiers, and they have already
had to quell several mutinies in which
number of prisoners were killed.
This camp is surrounded by a fif-
teen-foot barbed wire fence heavily
charged with electricity. The wires
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

infiammable could easily be set anre,
thus Ioosening the wires and destroy
ing much of its effectiveness as pre-
vention.
Barbcd- Wire In Belgium
A large amount OF barbed wire Is
manufactured in Belgium, and the
factories were we'll stocked when war
was declared. The military authort-
ties at once decided to use 1t as bar
ricades to prevent the Germans from
entering their cities. with the result
that hundreds of German soldiers are
suffering from wounds made by the
thorns of the barbed wire fences hid
den beneath the tall grass. The
wounds made by these wire thorns are
far more painful than those made by
bullets. as they frequently result in
blood poisoning.
In the olden days the Roman sol
diers felled trees and. sharpening the
points, hid them under the leaves In
such fashion that their enemies were
badly wounded or killed as they rush
ed against the points. But the Belgian
knew a better way to stop the Ger
mans, for they wound thousands OF
feet of this fiesh-tearing wire through
the forests and barricaded their
streets with the awful thorn-covered
stuff. In many places they built q
maze which nearly drove the Ger
mans insane, for several times during
cavalry charge men and horses be-
came enmeshed In the sharp wire and
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09
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are crossed and recrossed and twisted
into circles and diamonds. making II
practically impossible for anyone to
escape.
The English cover their armored
ammunition cars with wire rope. re-
covering II with a netting of barbed
wire. This precaution Is used to keep
neople away from the car, while the
wire ropes in a measure will prevent
the shells from flying should the train
be attacked and the shells explode.
To Deaden Shell Fire.
Plain wire, too. plays its part In
war. as the Germans are using 1t to.
protect their trenches. II Is claimed
bv military experts that the force Of
shell fire can be deadened when they
fail upon iron wire. The German
trenches at Nellie, near Client. were
covered with tons of great iron coils
sent all the way from Hamburg. The
fact that the Germans lost few men
at this point proves the value Of wire
In this line. After the battle II Wac
found that the fragments of the shell
were confined to more Limited
space. Shrapnel. too. loses Its value
as an agent OF uedIA WAVh - $500
on the wire coils.
An American Invention.
Barbed wire Is an American inven-'
ton and came into existence in 1874.
About that time an Illinois farmer
named Giidden conceived the idea
that wire with spikes twisted about
the strands would keep cattle from
paving wire fences and straysn8
away, and he set about to make =
fence of this type. He applied Tor
patent but ii was not until 1892 that
his rights to the patent were granted
and this was given him after I0n4
litigation. The old farmer died ~
1906, before the real value OF nh
invention was fairly demonstrates
American military men recognized -
value at once and they have been
quietly making experiments with r.
Little did Farmer Glidden dream
that his invention for the protection
of the farmer from cattle thieves
would In time be used to surround
pens where human beings were held
prisoners or to lure men to their
death by having them unconsciously
fall upon its thorns.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

F'renchmen refused to serve. In the
end Ambassador Herrick was forced
to order the raw materials as II for
his own use. and In his own name,
and extra cooks worked long hours
Ii, an effort 20 supply the Ambsssa-
doris wards with suitable food.
Finally. Ambassador Herr1ck was
enabled to secure from the French
government special passports and,
guarded by q regiment Of police and
special agents, he saw the. wards Of
America safely on French soil. II
was an extraordinary example OF Just
how much need there Is Of American
isles safety In even the most bril-
liant and civilized o. capitals.
Saved From Turks
But most wanaerful Of, AL have
been the experiences of our embassy
in GunxtaHtinopie. where the An1eri-
can embassy sawed from q .herrshia
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

ger OF death and many. In fact. were
actually slaughtered by the angry
| Russian peasants.
| One hundred of them gathered in
the American consulate near Batoum.
In the Black Sea region, and begged
for an asylum in this isolated Amer
lean isle of-safety. They were hungry
and penniless--many of them had
been severely wounded before they
had been able to drag themselves to
temporary safety under the Stars and
Stripes.
The saving of these people consti-
tutes a veritable romance of bravery
under danger and determination to
dare any risk for the sake of hui
/ mainly and to carry out the principle
that the American flag means safety
for every soul who seeks refuge un-
der 1t. These people were actually
struggled out at night and guided
fifty miles through the enemy's coun-
try and finally put on board an
American ship and reached constan-
tinopie In safety.
Mexican Escapes.
How much matter could be printed
concerning the Mexican embassy Of
this nation in the City of Mexico. In
our embassy building there no less
than three ex-presidents of Mexico
have been saved from death. r..sF' 9'ss
Then our Consul General Canada
at Vera Cxns. with his consulate. has
served as an asylum from death and
torture for dozens Of Mexicans who
have ned to Vera Cruz. hoping in
vain to get at once on foreigp
steamer and escape their pursuers.
Two Mexieans connected with the
Madero family spent four days and
nights under the roof Of Consul Gem
eral Canada while their Mexican cne-
mics camped all around the place.
1t was only by cutting their way
through the wallis Of seven houses
until the end of the block was
reached that these men were able TO
get 70 the haFbor and on board of
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

was sacred ground. and as for the
train. Ambassador Morgenthau played
a daring bluff that took the breath
OF the Constantinople government.
He declared that. unless every enc OF
his refugees were sent away on .
special train. he himself would re-
sign his position. leave Turkey with
out any ssnbassado or and take them
all away from the city in hts own
special train as retiring aynhnssa-
dor. He could have done this and
refusal might easily have meant
war between the United States and
Turkey.
The Turks were frightened-they
believed he meant every word he said
and they gave these refugees in the
American isle-of-safety q special train
and every soul was saved.
All through the Russian cities Of
the Caucasian peninsuiar there were
Turks and Arqnenians wl0
had business interests especially in
the OF sections OF this rich province.
These people we're In Imminent dam
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

an American vessel. Then Consul
General Canada dared the Mexican
revolutionists to touch these men.
and they were finally saved.
Fed The Starving.
Just what our American isles-0f-
safety can mean In q foreign country
Is strikingly shown by the experiences
in the American legation building In
Brussels when the Belgian capital was
captured by the Germans. Fortn-
nateiy Brand Whitiock. the United
States minister, had building that
was detached and 1t proved refuge
for hundreds OF non-combatantso Of Al
nations. q
But all these people had to be fed
and the German officials. acting ~
conquering army always does. had
Communicated all the food supplies
Minister Whitlock went to the Ger
man Chiefs and demanded food Tor
the foreigners under the protection Of
the American flag.
whitlock informed the German
generals that In his isie-of-safety this
refugees had as nucr right to food 81
the conquerors OF Brussels. and he
got what he demanded and later sent
all those under his protection safely
out OF the country.
But perhaps the most wonderful
of all has been the value Of the
American consulates In Asia Minor
where thousands of foreigners in
danger from fanaticai Turks have
been gathered into the consular.
buildings and sent down to the SEES
ports OF Syria. Here the U. 8. cruiser
Tennessee took these hunted men,
women and children on board and
carried them to safety in Alexandria.
Egypt This is certainly one Of thu
most impressive examples Of just
what our isles-of safety can do "
the way of saving those threatened
by crowds OF would-be murderer4
And there is but one possibie
method by which this object may ~
surely. generally and properly ~.
tanned and that is--American oMner.s
ship for American ambassadoriat
buildings-for the ministries mAin-
tained by this government and. IN Ia
few instances, even for coneutak
buildings In certain semi-civillxsd
countries, where II Is imposaioiA ~
be sure of renting suitable struo-s
lures.
The photographs OF some OK ~
buildings owned or occupied ~ Amer
lean officials abroad show strtkin9N
and more than II possible r. ~
language the varied and ncn-uniforMa
conditions surrUHnding Structurae
this class in different countries Gonan
pare, for instance; the statefy M
ing OF the American embassy a. $780,
stantinopie with the buildings 91xs~
as the ambassadors quarters a ~
even more important Hdrld ~ns
OF Tokyo. M
Look ut the situ3ti0n ~ the "a
lean Legation at San loss n cqqS
RIGA and the unsnitability n ey&n 11-
tressing to every public gplfeee
American. Compare this I0cAttcm N3E
the handsome ana Appropria9e d
IfHg of thA Ministez III n = n
haria-rsa city ID reu1o1e Il
been unheafd Ok III tour lkhe - 4
EpcpuIatinn ~ Till eosant ;}z
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

the horses. suffering terribly from th3
sharp pricks of the wires, trampleo
many OF the men to death.
The military engineers have a Gu
rious way of twisting the wires and
forming xig-zags so arranged that
every strand must be cut before one
may pass. Some of the street barri-
cades. especially at Antwerp, were
works of art In this line, and 1t took
the Germans several days to clear the
streets SO that a single wagon might
enter.
Then France began to use wire en-
tangIements and these were even
worse than those used by the Bel
gians, for they were crossed and re-
crossed and strung from post to post
and fastened with staples. The wires
were run in various directions high
enough above the, ground TO throw a
horse or man, and when they fell 1t
was like falling on thousands OF UNI
breakabie thorns. for the patches
were at least thirty feet square. There
Is a shock to the nervous system at
the first fall among these wires which
increases as the man fights about
these loose wires as they tear his flesh
at every turn The engineers know
that taut wire can be cut with sword
so they string them loose.
Wire Cutters.
This state of affairs soon led to the
equipping of every soldier with a pair
of nippers. but as the wires had been
so arranged that every strand had to
be cut the charge was somewhat de-
layed. The roads. too. were barri-
caded with wire. but some German
invented wire cutter in the shape of
saw knife which could be attached
tn the front of an automobile and
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09
American Diplomats and
Consular Officers Rescue
Citizens Of ManyNations,
Provide Food and Shelter
for Refugees, and Save
Numerous Lives.
by GEO. X. STILES.

- CATERED over every section
of the globe, in every country
~ possessing recognized govern
~ ment. are tiny spots of Ameri-
can soil Small, almost infinitesimal
as compared with the committeeman
sweep of the great. broad mother
land. yet these little GASES where the
Stars and Stripes stand for President
and Congress. for both army and
navy and for the whole American
peopIe--these bits OF the Nation mean
tremendous things.
And since the devastating scourre
OF war has swept many nations. these
isolated bits OF Uncle Sans country
have doomed up as among the
Earth's most precious spots--tiny but
invaluabie: for they consist of the
American embassy and Ministry
buildings and OF the consular quar-
tiers OF this government and en-
braced with them In many cases are
the grounds recognized as belonging
to them
What Herrick Did.
Just what tremendous Importance
can attach to the very building OF an
American embassy was strikingly
shown at the outbreak OF the big
European war and at the time when
the German army was sweeping to-
ward Paris.
In that city were thousands OF
Americans and many foreigners
whose interests were represented by
Myron r. Herrick, our ambassador.
Our embassy building was neutral
ground---safe from the action OF all
Nations. All arrangements were
made to put the embassy in safety
In case OF q siege. The embassy was
the one spot in Paris respected BY
abby the English because their
own ambassador had Ned from Paris.
and by the Germans. and the Austro-
Hungarians because tina American
ambassador was at that very time
representing tho German and Aus
strian interests in the heart OF the en-
smy's territory. r. 1850. '' \. G ~ sisa's'
one afternoon ffty frightened Ger
/ mans took refuge In rho embassy
from ! Paris mob. Tho mob pursued
the Germans to the doors Of the
American isls-of-safety. but the sight
Of the American coat OF arms held
them 1T bay.
But while the lives OF these Ger
mans were temporarily safe Mr. Her
rick soon realized that he had tre-
mendous responsibility on his hands.
An these people had to be fed and
housed.
Y Among mem were many women
ana children snd the bulk or them
1870 without funds. Their own am am
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09
How This Thorny Wire,
The Invention Of An
American Farmer, Is
Being Used In the Eu-
ropean War.
Copyright 1915. by The fnternationa
Syndicate.

TN time OF peace nations meet In
conference and adopt laws and
rules to moiiify the horrors of
warfare. and whilst much is ac-
complished in this way in the preser-
walton of human life. yet when actual
warfare breaks out 1t il generally
found that The participants use every
possible means known to the ingenu-
lily of men TO inture the enemy or i'm
pe6e his progress and little heed liz
paid TO the dreadful consequences re-
sulting from the use of such means
In the present war new implements
and strange devices have developed,
and among them II the barbed wire.
Rapidly OF movement Is regarded
as one of the principal strategies Of
warfare. To successfully work out a
definite plan OF campaign quick action
is necessary. and the more mobile an
army the greater its chance OF vic
tory. An interference with this on
the part of the enemy In a partial
victory. and if the obstacles thrown
In the way come as surprises IL has
the twofoid effect OF impeding the
progress of the oncoming army and
OF disconcsrfing II on account OF this
adoption of some means not antiei-
pated. creating In addition the fear
that other and stranger devices may
be encountered. II must. therefore.
cause the invaders TO proceed with
great caution. thus giving more time
TO those acting on the defensive for
preparation. Such obstacles disturb
the plan for rapid mobilization of
troops toward some ADVANTAGEOUS OBJ
feetive point, for one OF the great
aims OF general Is to seize. before
his plans are known. strategic points.
stat of the enemy.s line of comfnuni-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-05-09

GATHERED over every section
of the globe. in every country
possessing a recognized govern
ment, are tiny spots of Ameri-
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05

$50 l't5eA3t& st+ fff f' fes7fH e' III t5't " =
,he5r Hret lifala meeIaaz tast OF
this week Al time~ aud places 10 bs
..a..z rated hy sige8o eaagr
Suggestive i'tau fYr study,
I Course for Year Tue CAIid
in tbv Midst
g This Weeks Tops Iafaney.
3 Gu5ea, Go piau to~ tbg con
zereaiion of tAo mosf precious re-
sources Of tAe nations. aud discover
tins forces ahleh H.ake far better
babies thyoaahou, ice aorid.
a Wat may be- aal4 Of ths
oaity Of childhood and sre cniitrea
Of less Intelligent parents seemingly
/ more favored than those more for
uHagely hoTue
s WGst arr the rigats of eaHa.
hood
6 Should eur STUDY be=iu allA
5ataacy or extend 10 prenatal influ-
oneese what 81 horeaity and en-
eulcs@
J. Which is atronzs., factors "a
the development of cHid life.
her.dity or environment
s. What are the conditions sur
rounding childhood and motheyhood
In non-chriatiau landss
2 What OF infant mortality IL
China. india Persia and syria?
10 Point ont the defects Of non
christian religions Ia relation 20
the ehild. aud show Chfists iuila-
ence on the status Of the child and
home
H. Iio~ are conditions effected
by missionaries aud TO What ~ the
changing at Eastern peoples due2
a. What can yea say Of the OPP
portunities aud obligations Oh the
foreign field at the present timer
Is. sho@ what measures christ
ian nations have adopted for the
hetterment of conditions, and What
scientific protection Of child life Ia
accomplishing How has this al.
Tested infant mortality IN I, s.
IA What ~ the daepea, need If
every child, aud shat is the Outs Of
All christian people,
MRS j. NJ ALpERntCE.
snpt Reading Course
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05
SBTABiES ADNOs ATE NEED
FEEDER Al. CHILD LABOR LAM
by the United Press.

Washington, Jan. q Need Tor a
federal child labor las Was the
theme OF conference here taaay Of
prominent persons Interested in
child welfare Among the speakers
we're Jane Addams. Julia G i.ath-
rop, head Of the children's bureau Of
The department OF Labor Felix Ade
Ter, Florsnee Kelly. Edward 7. be-
vine, John Mitchell, Secretary Of
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05

~arss4 II tH4 engineering
.a4.aa -zs...F ~ faa 5#st.s#.. e5.ars
.=...ra.t ANA Ts-...sz...a. ss.fs=.sss..
"a. ss~a r-sta-- 4-zz..~-s-a ike ssna4
tsg- .aa.,5 raa1..#rs H. see
.aa- ill.,. Hr- fa s-e 80 ,aa
r..sa- f...sf ana f.s4- --n sans and
..sa e#-4. RI shs <a.s-s. sa..ara con-
...-.- ,-.--... .-..-.s.... -. 1.4grs.z
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05

WIN u Fpreuaoa, son of Dr and
Mrs ~ Is Ferguson, pa# accident
~ wounded In the hana Monday AFT
erneon vtth target rifle He was
cleaning the gun preparatory to go
ting hunting when the accident oc.
Cured II Il stated that he wAs try.
ing to force q cartridge into the gun
when the she'll exploded.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05
MLBi ATDH- NAMED TO
SETTLE coal ~TEtkl-
By the United Press

Washington. Jan Secretary Of
Labor Wilson today Ramed Daniel j.
koefa foTmer commissioner Of I'M
migration and ilys en- p Davies, al
conductors IN the Ohio aud West
Virginia eogl BtFiehee
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05

We With to thank our friends fdf
theif many kiedacs@es shoan aE
during tie >addeu bereavement 81
cur dear husband aud father and
for the kind words OF ssm pathy and
the beautiful floral offerings May
God BLESS each and every ore OF
you aay4f5
MRS FLYNT AND BOYS.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05

Americans Who were worried for
testr tftr ranking committee of tile
National Lawn Tennis Association
did not act rightly In putting Maur-
lee Mci1oughtfn above Norris VIII
altns az the eoui1tFy's greatest play
or can rest easily our English
brethren also pick Mclaughlin "The
Field =" d London Sporting publica-
ton. declared in a recent issue that
the Californian is the greatest ten
uts player of all time Williams
one victory over him does not enti-
tie him to FIRST houors. 1t vas stat
ed
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05

. D, H. Hart, who lives ,~o aud a
hail miles northeast ~ town. WAS
here today and reports thar hts
house Was hufglarized Monday night
and s22.0u ia money taken stF
Hart says the money was IN his
wtfe's hand BAG, hanging on the
wall
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05

spot cotton in Waxahaehie today
sold for 100 for middiing. New
York March futures ruled strong
ctosina trom eight to aine points up,
New Orleans futures far March
closed i've to sis points over last
night.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1915-01-05

MAGE W.3 caue ia mighty handy
UP Bostou@4E at that stalliugs
has Heed of star gardener Of the
brand Of She Public crack Maeec is
terrific ajtter against either right
or ieft band pitching All last sea
sou atailHgs had 20 jgsele his out
Geld around iIe had fair bitycrs
against left hand pitchers who we're
weak against right handlers and 9th
ers Ytce versa. lie did not have a
real slugger in the outer garden
Magee IS pretty certain Of a regular
berth with the champions.