The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-30

dren should be not merely an adjunct
but an integral part OF elementary
public education. As to immigration
we do not positively know whether
the reserve OF immigrant" labor is or
Is not larger than the country should
carry. That recent immigration tends
TO settle in segregated co.on.es. retard-
ing assimilation. is certain. The gem
eral labor agency is an inadequate,
antiquated instrument of distribution:
"the padrone must CO. his exploita-
ton Of labor puts n premium on igno-
rance, immortality and everything nos
tile to good citizenship. Philanthropic
agencies are necessary for relief, tenn
porary adjustment and for expert
ment. but private agencies cannot
serve adequately as n medium be-
tween employers as a class and m
ployees as a class. Governmental
agencies have failed to organize the
labor market. State agencies have
been political bureaucracies rather
than public utilities: the State IL not
a labor unit" Cities are the proper
centres of organization. A hint is
taken from the national banking sys-
TEN: Why not a cutting up of the
country into labor reserve districts?
The unemployment insurance systems
OF other lands are not especially
adaptable to the needs Of this me-:
and before insurance must come a
system Of labor exchanges.
Two programmes are evolved. an
immediate one for the relief of an
emergency which is already less OPP
pressive than when the book was
printed. and a "long time one in
tended to he preventive. This begins
with a thoroughgoing. scientific COM
p~ilation of data. an index to employ
ment," indicating the hiring capacity
Of industries. fluctuations and the re
serve OF labor necessary to maintain
enterprise. out of hat survey would
grow a reliable" literature Of deduc-
lion. The second step In the pro-
gramme Il the establishment of a sys-
TEN Of Fedcral-municlpal employment
exchanges. a Washington bureau act
ing as clearing house for the State and
city agencies. Then the dovetailing
OF trades" should he taken up by indl-
vidual Industries. associations Of in
dustries and Government departments.
discussed by trade congresses. manu-
facturers' associations. chambers of
commerce.: The whole subject II still
in the hands of the academician. the
investigator and the tbeorist. Their
services have been valuable. but now
We are ready for action We are ready
to see the railroad. not the padroni.
cnpA Ito raspaI lahnrnra 70 tha too fiaiI
or the lumber camp: to see small win
ter industries locate near farms. so
that farmhands can get work in WIN
ter: to sec the orders now concen-
trated at one. period cover the year in
advance. as has been done In the
Christmas card trade: to have a sea-
sonal industry plan to carry two lines
Of trade wherever the machinery can
be adapted 10 more than one" The
final step Is to direct children into
industry.
The Commission on Industrial Rela-
tons il not accepted as the instrument
Of reform: we need a scientific body
Of people at work on this matter all
the time. not a political body p~rodding
the subject at different strategic
NsAaA - " HtNoE u yes
saw N to withhold the appropriation
for publishing the employment Stats
tics of the 1910 census. the only avail
able national statistics are fifteen
years old. A certain idealism that
runs through the ext is indicated as
a healthy idealism, at least not soft
by stern separation of the 'handi-
capped" the unemployable. from the
problem Of industrial organization:
The won't works require the strong
arm of the law and service at hard
labor In the interests Of the State
rather than the sympathetic efforts OF
a church to get them work" As things
are industry IL expected To carry" the
unfit. and many who could and would
work are left with no support in the
intervals OF enforced ldleness but phi
lanthropy.
II IL a topsyturvy old world. that
many an Archimedes knows he could
move IL he could only find a fulcrum
for his lever. Miss kellor more thar
hints at the weakness Of her well
stated scheme in frequent references
to the political influences that clog
the wheels Of governmental regula-
ton. But as a factor in the dissemlna-
ton Of information and the creation,
or rather direction 81 public sentiment,
her writing is admirable. Cnemploy-
ment Is simply part OF human stupid
ity and perversity, not planned by any
genius Of evil hut Numbered into. II
cannot he so easily Numbered out Of;
the remedy is obviously in careful,
wise planning. and as an invitation 10
cooperation in planning and executing,
even with its acceptance Of the evils Of
Federal re equation as n minor consid-
Grafton in view of benefits expected
this volume deserves the consideration
rightfully accorded to any sincere,
thoughtful utterance. Many readers
of good sense will refuse To condemn
its conclusions. even though they only
tell us what We ought to do and not
how to do II.
Education Of the Negro before tn g
CiviI War.
From the time Of the full establish
ment ~ negro slavery in America Ia
the 1S30s the position of the black man
was one OF servitude. developing into
a patriarchal system. From 1875 IN