davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Alaska daily empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1912-1926, 1915-01-01

C. B. Walker, Register OF the lana
office at Juneau is a western man.
He was raised in the Centennial state,
received his early training in the
public schools of Colorado Springs
and was graduated from the Univer-
sity of Chicago in 1898. He has been
in the land service of the government
for fourteen years, and was appoint
ed to his present position in 1910.
The Juneau Land District is regarded
as the most difficult land district in
the United States to administer, and
il is the largest in area. During the
incumbency of Mr.. Walker and OF
the. Receiver, Frank A. Boyle, over
I,l5O of the Alaska coal land cases
have been adjudicated in the local
land office-an office possessing jul
dicial powers of original resort in
the special jurisdiction of the Depart
ment of the Interior in its disposal
of public lands.
Mr.. Walker is married, and there
are three children in their family, two
boys and a girl.
The Alaska daily empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1912-1926, 1915-01-01

nav only a reasonable price, or, if
the settler had no money at all, buy
his land at the maximum price by
STIMULATING between or among them
selves that only one should bid This
system was fruitful, many times ripe
and often rotten with fraud, and for
fifty years court decisions comment.
ed upon the scenes at the land office
that attended a sale Of public land:
The Credit System
An incident of the sales period I'M
til 1920, is what is known as the cred
Il system. In the beginning the gov
eminent accepted one-twentieth of
the sale price and gave extended per-
iods of credit for the payment of the
balance. Later the payment of one
fourth of the sale price was required,
the balance to be paid in four years
with interest at six per cent. and
discount of eight per cent for cash.
A purchaser by paying all cash could
secure his land, if he paid the mini
mum price, at $1.64 per acre. Prior
to 1906, evidence Of the public debt
was receivable in cash. Failure to
nav the initial or any of the subse-
auent payments when due involved
forfeiture. Yet the day was one
of promise. It was the era Of good
feeling. The roads to the westward
were filled with moving families and
almost entire neighborhoods, in
many places, packed up and left for
the west. It was not yet the time,
however, when it was said Uncle
Sam is rich enough to give us all a
farm"
After 1920 the government gave no
more credit in the sale of its land.
The sales system however remained
the law of the land until 1891,
when the laws permitting public and
private sales and the presumption laws
were repealed. Practically no pub
lie sales were made after 1869, pub
lie opinion compelling reservation
of the public domain for the benefit
of the settler who was not able to
buy.
More Time To Pay
In the beginning Of the sales period,
we find that Congress concerned it.
self with the relief only Of the pub
lie land purchaser who found in the
apt vernacular of later day that
he had "bitten off more than he
could chew" The relief, however,
was limited to those of small means
and left the larger Spectator to
take care of himself-a concession to
the insistent theory that the resourc'
es of the nation were involved in
the fate of the small land holder. But
even the limited presumption laws
later in this period, giving settler
prior to the date of the several acts
the right to purchase at a minimum
The Alaska daily empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1912-1926, 1915-01-01

the area was reduced to $40 acres,
then to half section, and again to
100 and 80 acres. After the close OF
the sale, those lands which remain
ed unsold became Offered lands" and
could be purchased at private entry
at any time by the payment OF the
minimum price.
Selling Out the Settler
The unfortunate settler whose
home had been established upon a
$40 acre or 800 acre tract, or later
on a smaller area, could, on the date
of the sale, buy his location by bid
ding against all others. Often two
or more persons who individually
were not able or disposed to buy
could, by secret combination, outbid
a settler if the latter was able to
The Alaska daily empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1912-1926, 1915-01-01
CONTINUED from Page 21)
Element upon the public
lands as aforesaid, forthwith

Element upon the pubic
lands as aforesaid, forthwith
to remove therefrom."
The proclamation referred to the
many "uninformed or evil disposeu
persons" who had settled upon the
public lands, and authorized the en-
ployment of the militia for their re-
moval.
A similar proclamation relating u
lands in Alabama was issued under
the same act as late as March D.
1890, by the democratic Andrew
Jackson, the settler being commanded
forthwith to depart and remove
therefrom."
A Tenant At Will
The idea that the settler had no
place on the public lands of the Unit
ed States is even more clearly stated
in the law of the land and the Act OF
Congress of March rs, 1916, which
gave the settler a legal status, but a
precarious one. Under the terms Oh
this act the settler became tenant
The Alaska daily empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1912-1926, 1915-01-01
DEVELOPMENT OF LAND LAWS
AND THE SETTLER in ALASKA
BY C. B. WALKER

ton and policy, however, were to Dc
accepted as expressing the attituue
OF the government and the policy "
the land laws at the time, a true uh
Outstanding of the status Of the SET
tel would be impossible.
Lands Pledged For Debt
After the Revolutionary War; the
nation was in debt. The debt was
an honest one. Full legal title unde'
specific conveyance, original, meshe
and final, was in the United States
The government could not admit tne
right of settlement without sacrific
Ing most valuable asset, the PUBIC
domain. Without such an asset the
debt could not be paid and the honor
of the nation maintained.
Thus it comes about that the early
history of the disposal of the pubic
lands OF the United States until lS4l
is that of a sale of the lands for prof.
it. Yet from the very beginning II
was realized that the sale of public
lands was impossible unless the price
therefor was within the reach OF the
settler. He must be induced to set
tie, must be able to pay to his grant
or a profit on what the latter had
paid to the government; otherwise
there could be no sale. The ground
work OF the system devised by Alex
ander Hamilton was one of easy
sales and the accommodation of pres
ent and future inhabitants of the
western territory.
Congress a Sales Agent
Generally, it may be said that priol
to the year 1900 sales of public land!
were made pursuant to special act:
OF Congress, whereby those persons
or associations named in the Act'
might uiShdoc mllllUu uIlOo vi
more at prices varying from &c 2;
cents to $500 per acre. After 1900
and until 1920, the public lands wer'
sold under general acts of Congress
relating to specific areas of the land
inviting the public to purchase on
day set, at not less than $500 pc
acre.
Under the act of March 3, 1907, tn
President was generally authorized
in the future to proclaim the sale
of areas to be designated by him, an
on dates to be fixed by him afte
due publication of notice of sale
The system at first favored the ma
of large means. Areas no smalle
than a township were disposed o.
No settler could hope to buy. Late
The Alaska daily empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1912-1926, 1915-01-01
CONTINUED to Page 24)
JOHN HENSON.

Coming to Douglas almost two de-
cades ago, John Henson, the pioneer
real estate agent and conveyancer of
that place has been a prominent citi-
zen from the first After the incor-
poration of Douglas for more than a
dozen years he was municipal clerk
and magistrate. During his long resi-
dence at Douglas he has managed
many estates, and cared for the prop
erty interests of non-residents. New
er, during his long term in Office or
in the many trusts which ne has dis
charged have his fidelity or capabili-
ties been questioned.
Mr.. Henson Is the owner Of the
Henson Building and other valuable
Douglas real estate.
The Alaska daily empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1912-1926, 1915-01-01
Marshall S Newman
PLUMBING AND SHEET
METAL WORKS

Two years ago George Marshall and
John Newman opened plumbing
shop in the city of Juneau, and in
their second year their business has
increased one hundred per cent. over
that of the first year. The manage.
ment attributes this success to the
fact that they always give a square
deal. and that they are willing to com
pete fairly with the various Other
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20
{ : II 8 So, S6eN

in 1862 He has lived IT. New York
since 1896. He is very wealthy DIT
his sympathies are with the poor. He
would rather claim down and out
than make a fortune. When he ae-
came convinced that he had the rlgil
system OF treating drug hends, ne DID
mot stop to talk about it. He plunged
into the thick OF the greatest habit
forming drug. country in the world
China. He established hospitals IN
the Far Eastfor opium users and even
though his life was in jeopardy con-
stantly he stuck to his task and Wit
messed the successful treatment OF
4 600 patients in Pekin, Tien Tsin ana
Shanghai.
When a man has reclaimed 1900
men from living hell he Nigh be
pardoned for mentioning the fact but
the news of Towns's success did not
reach America through him. 1tcame
from Chinese government officials.
Magazine writer's of prominence We're
Immediately dispatched to the Far
East and they confirmed the wonder
full cures brought about by the trim
young fighter.
Just recently Towns with his own
funds established the imposing hos
lpital known as the Charles =; towns
Hospitak at 293 Central Park West.
1t is in one of the finest resident sec
lions Of New York and overlooks Cen
trail Park. 1t is here that Towns does
his work. He has competent med
ical staff but does not divorce his
patients from their own medical adj
visors. The treatment is carried out
on high ethical basis and the medi-
cines employed have been given to the
world in articles in the most import
ant medical journals.
Recently Towns completed his book
Habits That Handicap which will
expose drugs and their menace. The
preface was written by DR.. Richard
G. Cabot, of Boston, who has declared
publicly with DR.. Alexander Lambert.
Of New York, that there is no one in
the world who knows so much about
habit forming drugs and their cure
as Towns.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20

NEW YORK. July 20-This is the
stor-v az 4 man with a Big idea. 1t IS
Z 80 :. ~, ha++1ad oeainst
lne tale u q nlsan VIZ pe.s'4u :
oyerwhelminS odds because Is
unscathed and victorious. Fifteen
years ago this big idea began to ger
inmate and today the originator OF the
plan to save dope hends has seen the
Gruition of his hopes. He has Dope
civilizations greatest curse-groggy
and holding to the ropes. At any time
the knockout punch can be delivered
Charles B. Towns is not doctor
but he has proved to the medical world
that he knows more about habit
forming drugs than any other person
And Charles B. Towns sanely and
practically will tell you that it will
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20
Traxellng MANS Ezperienee.

..In the summer OF 1883 I had a
very severe attack of cholera NOR
bus. Two physicians worked over me
from four al m. to six p. M without
ewing me any relief and then told me
sthay did not expect me to live; that
II had best telegraph for my family.
of doing SO. gave, the hotel
porter fifty cents and told him to buy
me a bottle of Chamberiatn's Collie.
rh6iera and Diarrhoea Remedy. and
fake no substitute. I took q double
lose according to the directions and
went to sleep after the second dose.
Az ave O'Clock the next morning I was
cnlied by my order and took a train
sSor my next rtopping point. q well
man but feeling rather skaky from
the severity of the attack, i" writes n.
". Ireland. louisville, Ky. Obtain
able eYerywhere. Advertisement
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20
GREAT FORTRESS
POWERFUL
LINK
Grodno Important to the Rus
SLAMS in Guarding Their
Frontier.
IsrEe,AL 70 Tnr TELEGRAM,

WASHINGTON, d. c., july 20
.sAmong the great fortresses that are
opposing the march of German
armies into Russian lands is that OF
Grodno, stronghold on the man
railway to Petrograd from the west
and one of the more powerful links
guarding the line of the Muscovite
| frontier says statement just IS
suedN by the National Geographic
Society. "Grodno is on the line OF
advance from the lake region In
East Prussia, and lies about hfty
miles from the German border. It IS
$40 miles southwest of Petrograd,
ninety-eight miles southwest of Vii
Ina. and $50 miles northeast of War
saw. It is an object of German In
vision from the north, while it, also,
is nearly due north of the Austfo-
German columns invading from the.
south.
The Main object.
"About ITO miles south Of Grodno.
lies the Russian fortress Brest LII
tewski, guarding the trunkline rail-
way, Warsaw-Moscow. The cutting
| Of these two great railroad arteries.
has been. likely, the main object OF
all recent Austro-German endeavora
in Russian Poland. The trunkl1ne
from Petrograd passes through VII
ma. Grodno, Bialfstocks to Warsaw
land beyond Warsaw to Skiernteswice,
! a place recently captured by the
Germans, where 1t sends three main
branches to Germany. to Thorn IN
the north, to Kalisz and Liss in the
west, and through Czenstochowa to-
Cracow and Koenigshuette in the
south. These two railway arteries.
between Warsaw and Petrograd. ! and
Warsaw and Moscow, are the Musco-
yite avenues for pouring men and
supplies into Russian Poland and to-
ward the western and southwestern
frontiers.
Poorly Built City.
THE works of Grodno fortress
have been considerably strengthened
during recent years. The city is the
capital of the government of Grodno.
and is situated on the river. Ntemen.
It is the headquarters OF Russia's II
army corps. The city, itself. Is very
poorly built. though 1t has large
trade In grain, timber and meats. It
has a population of some AZ .0OO,- of
which two-thirds is Jewish. There
are Important machinery. firearms.
tobacco and vehicle factories In
Grodno. and the output of these fac
tories was euormo usly increased byl
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20

divided one-eixht interest In 4 tract of
the Pittsburg Vein OF coal In Eagle Dis.
trick of Harrison County, West Virginia,
at wyatt. containing about hys acres. and
being part of the tract Of cOal which. was
convened by =. w. Hess and wife to John
Mason. BY: deed dated November By. .aseS:
the County Court of Harrison County.
West Virginia. In Deed Book q. page 112.
TERMS OF SALE One third part thAre-
Of and as much more an che purchaser
may elect to pay. cash IN hand on day 81
sale; one-third part thereof In Blk months.
and the remaining one-third part therscaf
interest, sthe purchaser being requiredr TO
execute his notes for deferred install.
ments of purchase money, with goDd per-
sonai security to he approved by the aun.
dersigned Commissioners. and az saddia1na4.
secur4ty a vendors lien WILDE retained
in the deed to the purchaser.
n MARSHALL w. OGDEN.
~ Special Commissioner.
], I. Wade Conman. Clerk OF the Cir
cult Court of Harrison County, West VIZ
rinia. do certify that Marshall w. Ogden,
Special Commissioner. mas executed bord
as required by said decree Of sale IN thf
above described cause. I'll
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20

4 WASHINGTON, July Pot. was
the opinion of the United States Su-
preme Court delivered last month in
the North Dakota coal rate case and
the West Virginia passenger rate
case which gave the New England
railroad companies the heart and
courage to sue in the court of claims
last Saturday for over 81 O,0OO,O 600
for carrying the mails In these
cases the court held unconstitutional
laws which required the railroads to
provide service for less than such
service cost; that even though the
loss incurred by reason of furnishing
one service below cost was recouped
through the operations Of other
branches of the service, the roads
could not be compelled to furnish any
service at a loss, as each branch OF
the roads operations should pay for
itself.
This furnishes the basis of the
present huge claim against the gov
eminent by the New England lines.
Their petitions set forth three prin-
cipal counts embracing tht above.
These are: First, that the annual
increase OF mail has not been. paid for
at all; second, that the carrying Of
parcel post mail has been without
adequate compensation, and third.
that the deficiency created by the loss
OF mail compensation must be made
up from the receipts of the roads on
account of freight, passenger and ex-
press business.
The American Red Cross from its
kf.-A Hoe tn 11Sc III IA a l.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20
Oeafness Cannot &c Cured

nv local APPLICATIONS. as they cannot reach the
g the There ere = eaz Sas
Al remedies. Deafness Is caused by an Unnamed
condition Of the mucous lining OF the Eustacnian
rnmbiiug sound Or imperfect hearing. and Whe1
ii is entirely closed Deafness is the result S
this tube restored to ts normal condition o near
ten {are caused by Catarrh which is nothing pu'
an indaxed condition OF he mucous suslSsss =. Z.
We Win give Ono Hunc red D0laTs ior ny g -
or DeafneaSi Caused by catnrrh) that emmy "
cured By Halls Catarrb Cure. send ZOE ctfs1
49, = r, ), CHENEY q CO.. Toledo. O.
Sold by Druggists. 75c.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20

Col. and Mrs. Colin H. Livingstone
have closed their home here for the
season and will leave New York today
with party OF guests. on their yacht,
Speedway. for trip up the Hudson
and through Lakes George and Cham
plain into the ST. Lawrence. when
they. will visit Montreal. Ottawa and
Quebec. Early next month they will
open their Canadian home, Glen
Lyon. in New Brunswick, to welcome
their children who have been making
a western tour and visiting the Fan
ama-Paciflc exposition.
Col. Livingstone was, at one time.
private secretary to the late Senator
S. B. Elkins. He was appointed a
colonel by Governor White and re-
appointed a member of Governor
iDawernor Dawson's staff. Since his
secretarials years, fortune has smiled
on him. He is now one Of Washing
toms leading capitalists, being vice
president OF one Of the largest banks
here. He is an active and enthusiast
tic mem Der of the West Virginia So
ciety and, at present, treasurer OF
the committee whichis raising fund
to give the old soldiers from.the state
who will come here to attend the ma
tional encampment. a series Of royal
entertainments
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20

tc;ov,ernor Ali inson, Is stan 81 nigh
titled gold-bratders. called the ttg-
ures. The colonel was strictly there
with all the ancient Dances 11 stun
! q good deal of its rhyme, such as this.
4 for example: s.AlI join hands ana
circle about-the hen walk IN and
\ the rooster out. When he heard
this. Major Stone. of Ravenswood. as
late as ten years ago, said he could
fairly smell taller on the boots OF
4 the boys land woodash smoke In the
1 flouncfnE skirts of the girls.
This was the first picnic OF the
West Virginia Society and ~ Went
beyond the buoyant dreams OF the
| hustling officials Of the organization
who had 1t In charge. Eight hundred
/ West Virginians turned up on the
grounds. 1t was just like reunion
OF one great big family The big
Dickey farm house restaurant, ia
nous for It's chicken dinners and un-
der whose roof every president from
| George Washington to woodrow VIII
1 son has sought and found refresh
ment, served several hundred OF the
| picknickers. The rest dined here
! and there at big tables which We're
covered with good things from big
baskets brought by the good house
wives and served q la West Virginia.
I &slAST9 IdLG1luE5 4tA0 fSVSSSASks y y
delivered-alI OF them brim full OF
meat" for the loyal children Of the
Mountain state They were made by
| Congressman Hunter Moss. President
| D. w. Gall, Of the society. and George
H. Laird After that a panoramic
photograph was made Of the crowd.
The race contests were many and
amusing and were in charge OF e. w.
VanMetre and. Tedd B. Sharp. At
night searchights were played on
the wonderful falls OF the Potomac
| and upon the ruins of the old mill
and iron furnace which George Wash
ington built, and upon the ditch.
which runs through the grounds.
which was the first canal ever started
to be built in this country. General
Washington was the protector and
the first president Of this enterprise.
The big day ended for the West
virginfans with the singing Of The
West Virginia Hills. .
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20

v,c,s pool and billiard parlors. the
hoard Of governors has chosen Pat
rick T. Higgins his successor at tne
Mr.. Albright served as manager
of the club more than year. HIS
services were ever faithful and most
eftlcient It was with regret tnaI ln lt
board of governors accepted ms resp = s
Urgent request. the new position
holding out pleasing inducements 70
Mr.. Higgins is a competent man
and the members generally are
pleased with the announcement tnat
he is Mr.. Albright's successor
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20

the war. Grodno is rich in Polish
history. Here the second partition of
Poland was Effected in 1898; here
Sandslaus Poniatowski, the last king
of the Poles. resigned his crown in
1875. The Polish king. Stephen
and died there in 1886 The town
has been battered by many an enemy,
since its foundation in the twelfth
century.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20

IA new postohice has been estab-
lished at Wyco,, Wyoming county,
with Wallace L. Sampson the first in
charge.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-20
Washington News

nounced the completion of plans to
establish a baby hospital in Serbia.
and that it will be named in honor of
West Virginia woman who has won
glory and fame in her native country
and in the land of her adoption,
where she is beloved by the suffering
fSld afflicted Serbians as an angel OF
light and mercy. The new Serbian
institution of the American Red
Cross is to be known as the Mabel
Grouitch Baby Hospital in recogni-
ton of the Red Cross activities Of
Nine. Slavko Grouitch, wife OF the
undersecretary of foreign affairs for
Serbia, who was Miss Mabel Dunlap,
of Clarksburg. w. Va.
This West Virginia woman who
has shown an ability bordering on
genius for starting, organizing and
carrying through to a successful con-
clusion relief work on large scale,
was the first to inform the people of
the United States of the awful con-
ditions which the war brought about
pathies and stir them to a prompt as
sistance. Before audiences in New
York, this city and elsewhere, she
told Of what she had seen of the war
scourge in Serbia, and with her mes
sage immense sums were given to
the Serbian relief organization which
she formed shortly after her arrival
in the United States Many West
Virginia residents in Washington
have met this wonderful woman. have
heard her Impressive appeals. and are
proud that the state can claim this
wonderful woman as one of its most
talented and remarkable daughters
From New York today on the Greek
steamer, ". Constantine, DR.. Louise
Taylor Jones, OF this city, and DR..
Catharine H. Travis. of Britain,
Conn. sailed for Serbia by way OF
Piraeus to take charge OF the Mabel
Grouitch Baby Hospital.
The bars were put up against the
new-fangled dance steps at the big
picnic of the West Virginian Society
at Great Falls. Va. last Saturday.
The bunny-hug. the fox-trot and the
fishwalk were strictly taboed. TAX
ing the place OF these hotamale dance
steps were the slow and graceful
minuet, the, Virginia reel. and the old
fashioned square dances such as our
parents used to oscu1ate in.
Possessing the lest and loudest
voice, and knowing all the West ;yir-
ginia jargon of the dance quadrille.
Col. ]. William Grange, q survivor Of