davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
AMERICAN MISSION
ATTACKED BY TURKS
LED BY CONSUL PRIESTS AND
MINISTER'S ARE BEATEN
AND ExlLED.
BRITISH COAL SHIP is SUNK
Submarine Gets cairntorr in Channel,
Crew Is Saved-DardaneIles Fight
Halted by Weather-AustrIa
and Italy Near Break.

Petrograd.-A dispatch from Djulfa.
the official Russian news agancy,
says;
THE Turkish consul at Urumiah,
Mehemed Raghib Bey at the head of
20 Asgaris, recently attacked the
American mission at that place, where
$4,000 Orthodox Christians had taken
refuge.
THE conul ordered three priests
and two deacons to leave the mis-.
sion, and as they we're walking
through the streets, we're insulted
and mercilessly beaten.
in the courtyards of the Orthodox
Mission, a gibbet was erected.
An American missionary Mr.. AL
len, who also was subjected to insults
and blows, succeeded in sending to
Selmas two messengers to ask fol
prompt assistance from the Russian
troops to save the lives of the Chris
tians, whom the mission was not able
to protect"
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Break Seems Near.

London.--The relations between
Italy and Austria are believed to have
reached an acute statge. A dispatch
from Rome says Austrian and Ger.
man subjects have been advised by
their consuls to leave Italy in the
shortest possible time and that a
number of Germans, who recently ar
rived in Italy, are being watched be-
cause of suspicion that they are mill
tary spies.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
SWEDISH RESIDENTS ROBBED
Report of Mexican Charge D'Affaires
Calls Conditions in Capital
Deplorable.

Washington, D. C~.-Plundering of
two houses belonging to Swedish
citizens and the robbing Of a Swed,
ish subject in the streets of Mexico
City was reported by the Swedish
charge d'affaires there, who described
conditions under the Zapata occupa-
ton as "d%eplorable," in a message to
the legation of Sweden here.
Some Americans and other foreign
ers, the number of whom was not
given, have expressed their desire,
through the Brazilian minister, to
leave Mexico City, and Secretary
Bryan sent 4 communication to Car
rama, through Consul Silliman, ask
ing that transportation be arranged.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Rural Credits Assured.

Rural Credits Assured.
The rural credits bill, providing a
state land bank to handle farm loans,
which was drawn by Frederick D.
Gardner of CT. Louis, vas passed in
the senate by unanimous vote.
The bill was called up out of order
when a resolution introduced by Sen
ator Phelps was adopted, which con-
ferred on each senator the right to
call up one house bill for final pass
age.
Senator Carter of Clark county
called up the Gardner bill, which had
been passed by the house, and asked
that it be read. There was no debate
on the bill and it receivd all of the
27 votes cast On the roll call, with
Senators Anderson, Bronson, Cross
ley, Ford, Kinney. Mitchell and Whit
ledge not voting.
The constitutional amendment
which must be submitted and passed
by the voters before the law can be
come effective probably will be reach
ed and passed.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
PLANS OWN AND SONS DEATH
Denver Police Find Woman and
Youth in Time to Prevent
Double Tragedy.

Denver. Colo.-In a squalid room
OF a tumble-down tenement city detec-
lives found a mother and son-Mrs.
Jennie Sullivan, AZ years old, and her
son George, 16-waiting for death.
The m had planned that if
starvation did not claim them in
two days two bullets would. The
youth was desperate after repeated
unsuccessful efforts to obtain en-
ployment and food, and failure to OBJ
tain relief from the city charity or
gnizatiOns.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Couldn't Tell.

The late Congressman ". W. Wede-
meyer used to tell a story of rain in
the Klondike. He was going up the
Yukon on a government junket, and
the sky drizzled all the way. At one
stood on the wharf awaiting the boat.
II say, partner, asked Wedemeyer,
"how long has 1t been raining
Dunno" was the reply. i've been
here only II years"
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
LIQUOR Fear Troublesome.

The failure to pass some of the
needed laws by the forty-eighth as
sembly was due to the liquor ques-
ton. The fear of these bills being
passed in the senate retarded other
legislation. Some drys, realizing that
they had a majority, refused to help
other legislation on the ground that
it had been fathered by senators or
representatives who had voted wet"
Wet and dry leaders say that unless
some compromise is reached future
legislatures will adjourn as did the
forty-eighth, with much constructive
work unfinished.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
LuII at DardaneHes.

London.-The admiralty made the
following announcement:
"Unfavorable weather has inter.
rupted the operations in the Darda.
nelles and as seaplane reconnais'
sances have not been possible, the
amount of damage done to the forts
by the bombardment cannot be ascer
tanned.
mo great expectations should, how
ever be based on this, as, owing tc
the losses caused by drifting mines,
the attack was not pressed to its
conclusion on that date"
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Two Years for Fraud.

Kansas City, Mo.-Claude L. Gray
bill, % years old, son of a wealthy and
indulgent father, M. E. Graybill,
pleaded guilty to drawing four worth
less drafts on his father for a total
of 800 and was sentenced by Judge
Latshaw to serve two years in the
penitentiary.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Can't Keen Liouor.

Pine Bluff, Ark.-What is believed
to be the most drastic action ever
taken in Arkansas to suppress illegal
traffic in liquor was contained in an
order issude by Chancellor j.. NJ.
Elliott who instructed the sheriff to
notify all persons interested that no
liquor may be kept in the county az
ter April 1.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

New York.-Mrs. Julian Heath,
president OF the Housewives League,
has made an amazing discovery"
She found, she says, that a 22-ounce
loaf Of bread is sold in Philadelphia
for 5 cents; a S8h-ounce loaf OF ex-
ira quality for 10 cents, and 10 buns
for 7 cents.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
cow SLEEPS IN A WAGON
After Several Hours Search, Farmer
Finds Missing Animal Had
Climbed Into Vehicle.

Iapeer, Michigan.-When Marshall
Rust, a farmer living near
here, went into a field in which also
was a wagon partly loaded with bean
pods, to milk his cows, darkness had
set in and one COW was missing.
He searched over the nearby fields
for several hours without avail. When
morning came the lost COW was found
sleeping peacefully on the load of
bean pods. 1t had climbed on the
wagon, six feet from the ground.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Total Appropriations.

General contingent. $~4,777,S94; as
sessing and collecting the revenue,
$525,00O; pay and expenses of the gem
eral assembly, $295.0O0; deficiency,
$360,227; educational institutions, ST.
968,650; penal and eleemosynary insti-
buttons, 81, 026,74S; salaries of civil
officers, $1,000, 900; public schools, &c.
S33,333; total, $14,S67, 1852.
Legislature Finishes Work. .
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Made to Leave Senate seat.

Secretary Of State Roach. was
openly reprimanded before the senate
here by the president Of the senate,
Lieut.. Gov. Painter, because Mr..
Roach was occupying the seat of a
senator in the latter's absence while
the body was in session. This is in
violation of senate rules.
Secretary of State Roach repaired
to his office and wrote a note to Lieut..
Gov. Painter, resenting the latter's ac-
ton as an ~"uncalled-for insult"
Mr.. Painter had the Roach note read
to the senate and from the presidents
chair declared that if Mr.. Roach again
violated the senate rules, he (Painter)
would have the sergeant-at-arms take
the secretary of state out Of the SEN
ate chamber.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Majors Expense Account.

Considerable interest has been
aroused in the agitation for publicity
in the expenditure of the governors
contingent fund. Auditor Gordon
has furnished the figures, which are
somewhat in excess of Hadley's, but
there has been no particular objec-
ton raised.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
British Coal Ship sunk.

London. - The British steamer
C%airntorr was torpedoed off Beachy
Head in the English Channel and
sunk, according to a Central News dis
patch from East Burne. The crew
escaped.
When the steamer was struck res
cue boats put out to her and attempt
ed to tow her into port. She sanl
eight miles out, however. The Cairn
tori was bound from Newcastle fol
Genoa with coal.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
kiIIs Man seekIno to Enter Home

Sandoval, Il.--Mrs. Gus Kaehler
shot and killed John Dierhoff, 81
years old, a neighbor. as he was try
ing to break into her home while in
t~oxicated. Mrs. Kaehler did not rec
ognize him and opened fire with a
shotgun,
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Greatness Shown in Taxes.

The greatness of Missouri is en-
phatically emphasized by the fact that
it cost the tax payers of the state
approximately $50, 900, 900 in 1914 to
meet the governmental expenses Of
the state, the ia counties and all
incorporated cities and towns having
a population of $500 and over. Only
seven other states of the Union,
namely. California, Illinois, Massa-
~chusetts, New Jersey, New York,
Ohio and Pennsylvania had a greater
total running expenses. At this point
it is well to mention that the state
of Missouri and it's civil subdivisions
had to collect nearly 5000, 900 from
property owners and business men in
1914 in form of regular, special, ex-
else and imposed taxes before this
amount could be disbursed for run
ming expenses.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
state Takes Appeal.

New York.-On the eve of his new
habeas corpus hearing, Harry K.
Thaw's legal complications increased.
An appeal formally taken from JUS
tic Pages ruling preventing Thaw
from returning to New Hampshire
a distinct separate proceeding from
the habeas corpus ~suit-added a new
enarl.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

Philadelphia.-There was shipped
from the United States mint a pack
age containing 10000 nickel coins
made for San Salvador. The mint
will now begin work upon a contract
to manufacture $12,OOO.O 900 worth of
gold, silver and nickel coins for Cuba.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Passenners See Attack.

New York.-Passengers aboard the
British steamer Lapland, which
reached here from Liverpool, wit
messed a battle In the Irish Channel
between a British torpedo boat, which
escorted the Lapland, and a German
submarine. The Lapland, crowding
on all steam, fled.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Persian cablne, eslnne.

Teheran.-The Persian cabinet,
headed by Premier Ala Els Sultanesh,
resigned. Controversies over the pol.
Icy Persia should adopt with refer.
ence to the invasion Of her soil by
Russian, Turkish and British troops
are said to have caused a split in the
government.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Was ia cumberIand,s crew

Somerset, Mass.-Danlel O'Neil,
said to be the last survivor of the
small group which escaped from the
frigate Cumberland when she was
sunk by the Confederate ironclad
Merrimac in the Civil War, is deaf
at his home here.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Finds pauuhter by Dream.

Fort Worth, Tex.-After dreaming
that he saw his daughter. Mrs. Stella
Laird who had disappeared from
home recently, on the streets Of Fort
Worth, j.. T. McFdrums of Waco, Tex.
came here and found Mrs. Laird
walking on a crowded street, just as
he had dreamed.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Antl.Tlppina Law.

Madison, VISA stringent anti
tipping bill, applying to hotels, restau-
rants. barber shops, railroad trains
and similar public places and amend
ed to penalize the employer of under
paid servants as well as the recipient
of gratuities, passed the Wisconsin
senate by a vote of q to 4.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
CLEARING the WAY.

When frightened by an automobile
my wife has q dangerous habit Of try
ing to dart ahead OF the machine"
my wife seems to think she has the
best system. She goes straight up in
the air."--Kansas city Journal.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Politicians to Exposition.

Representative Erman introduced
u resolution to appropriate $4,000 to
send rs Republicans, a similar num-
Der of Democrats and one Progressive
to the PanamarPa Pacific exposition to
represent the state on Missouri Day.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
trench Diouers Find Treasure

Paris.-The continual upheaval of
earth in the war trenches is bring
ing many hidden treasures to light.
A French r%eservist uncovered a pack
age of bonds worth a hundred thous-
and francs ($25,000), which he
promptly handed over to his officer.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
RoIIa Extension Bill Approved.

Despite the opposition of President
Az Ross Hill of the University of Mis-
souri,, the house committee on educa-
ton decided to report favorably the
Buford bill to compel the curators of
the University of Missouri to install
at the Rolla School of Mines courses
in mechanical, electrical and chemical
engineering, duplicating work now be.
ing given at Columbia.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
ALLEGED wlfe.Murderer Freed.

Springfield, Mo.-George Ward,
charged with the murder of his wife,
Mrs. Ward, whose charred body was
found in the ruins of the burned home
of the family near Willow Springs,
March II, was discharged by Justice
r. F. Holloway of Willow Springs.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Prison Bill Satisfies.

Organized labor will approve the
new prison labor law, labor leaders
say The state-owned plants will col
fine sales to state institutions and will
not compete with manufacturing in
dustries. On and after December 81,
1916, all leasing contracts will be
ended.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Lorlmer ArraIoned.

Chicago.-Six officials Of the de-
funct La Sale National Bank, includ-
ing President William Lorimer, who
was rejected by the United States
scnte, have been arraigned before
Federal Judge Carpenter.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

Gettysburg, Pa;-Miss Hanna Moore,
81 years old, an original Daughter
OF the American Revolution, died at
her home here as the result of a fall
down a stairway three weeks ago.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
eurced to Death in Cabin,

Sapulpa, Ok.-The charred body Of
Daniel Black, an aged farmer. was
found in the ruins Of his burned
cabin, four miles southwest of Sapul-
pa. Authorities suspect the fire was
Of lncendiary origin.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
RerIin sociaIlst Honored

Berlin.-The aldermen of Berlin
elected Herr S~assenbach, Socialist
and secretary of a labor union, to be
a member of the city council. This
is the first time that a Socialist ever
has been nominated to this office.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Greek Steamer in Distress.

Key West, Fla.-The British steam
err Morazan, which passed Sand Key,
reported that March 10 she spoke to
the Greek steamer Nefeli. latitude 80
north, longitude so west, in distress,
short of fuel.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

Salt Lake City, Utah.-Gov. William
Spry vetoed the statewide prohibition
bill. The bill had been under consid-
Grafton by the governor for several
days.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
school Board lnvestlpatlon.

The scandal connected with the pur-
chase Of a site for a new high school
In st. Louis has reached legislative
cars, and the law may be so changed
that future CONTINGENCIES may be
guarded against.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

San Francisco.-An order for the
deportation of % Hindus, issued by
the federal immigration authorities,
was sustained by the United States
circuit court OF appeals. The Hindus
came from Manila, p. 1.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
senate passes Apnropriation am

Senate Passes Appropriation Bill.
The senate took up and passed the
house appropriation bill carrying ST.
1869 for the support, maintenance
and improvement Of the eleemosynary
and penal institutions for the 1856
period.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
JaiI Prisoner burned n Death

West, Tex!-John Vordak, a fisher.
man, was burned to death here when
the city jail caught fire and was de-
stroyed by flames. Vordak was i'm
prisoned on a misdemeanor charge.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
100000 Fund souoht for Jews.

Chicago.-A campaign to raise $780,
600 in Chicago for the relief Of Jews
in the European wal zones wal be-
gun. Three million Of the six million
Jews in Poland and Gslicia are home.
less and starving.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

Union. N. J.-Blue snow, pink
frogs and metamorphosis Of white
ducks into green caused by acids from
a chemical draining into stream on
HIS place. are complaints in a farmers
%znJunction SUIT
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Court Bills pass.

The house, by a vote of 75 to 81,
passed senate bills 1856 to $3.50, under
which the salaries Of judges Of the
supreme court of Missouri. the com
missioners and the Judges Of courts
Of appeals will be increased.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Mo- Rellef Tor Roads.

The senate, by a vote of 10 to 10,
refused to make the railroad rate in
crease bill a special order for pas
sage. The measure thus takes its reg
ular place on the senate calendar,
which is about one hundred and six
teenth from the top.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
EmpIove kllIs Hotel Man

Lexington, K~y.-Joseph NJ. Skain, a
hotel proprietor, was shot and instant
ly killed by E. A. Walden, chief en-
gineer of the hotel, who then sent a
bullet into his own. head and died.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Committee Divided.

The house penitentiary committee
is hopelessly divided on prison legis-
lation. There are IL members of the
committee. One Of the committeeman
is sick and the other 10 are divided,
five to five.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Mo state Fair Building.

A new administration building for
the state fair at Sedalia, to cost $780,
600, wa cut out, In place of it was in
serted an item of $4,000 to build a
subway under the race track.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Senator Lewis speaks.

Warning that the United States
must nov decide on a definite foreign
policy was given by Senator James
Hamilton Lewis, of Illinois, in an adj
dress before the Missouri legislature.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
500 Garden for cIerks,

New York.-standard Oil clerks
and officers are to have a 100000
private roof garden restaurant al 26
Broadway.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Acquitted Of AceeptIno Rebatos

Houston, Tex.-Roy Campbell was
acquitted in federal court here of ac-
cepting rebates on railroad shipments.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
French official pIes.

Paris.--The death Of Henri Collig-
non, So, counsellor Of state, on the
field Of battle in Eastern France was
announced.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

A. is generally suspicious
when she receives a typewriter tele,
gram from her husband.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Woman Police Bin Enqrossed.

The women police bill, authorizing
cities OF 5000 or nor tt employ
women on the police force, was en-.
crossed in the house by a vote OF SO
to "a.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

The inventor of rubber tips for pen
ellis made a fortune because Of other
peoples mistakes.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

A friend In need is a friend who
generally strikes you for half a dollar
payday.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

The City Hotel and two other build
ings at Bunceton were DESTROYED by
fire recently. Guests at the hotel
escaped. A defective f1ue is believed
to have caused the fire. The loss is,
$15,0 600.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25

The State Historical Society of Mis-
souri, has come to the aid of the War
rensburg Normal School by sending a
shipment of official documents and
historical works on Missouri to take
the. place of those destroyed in the
recent fire.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
Women on the Stand.

Mrs. Mary Bailey Mrs. E. Bernard
Clogston and Miss Emma B. Moore,
who were watchers at the polls, told
of alleged insults in precinct B of the
sixth ward, which is in the segregated
district. These women said they were
told by Democratic election officials
and workers that they would have to
wear wrappers and register .lika~ths
other women in the district" if they
wanted to remain. Mrs. Clogston said
Earl Demint, election sheriff, who has
pleaded guilty, put his hand on her
shoulders lin a fatherly manner"
When she objected, she testified, he
said: IF l can't put my hands on you
women, you'll have to take a ride to
Jail"
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1915-03-25
INSULT WOMEN At POLLS
MINISTER ALSO TEsTIFIES AS TO
RUFFIANiSM.
Three Female Watchers Are Wit
nesses in Fraud Trial-Slush
Fund Evidence.

Indianapolis, Ind.-Although the
defense, in cross-examination of
Frank (Buster) Clark, who has
pleaded guilty, in the Terra Haute
election fraud trial brought out that
Clark had been convicted of assault
and battery and violation of the
liquor laws, Clark, on redirect exami-
nation, said that these convictions
had been made before Mayor Dom
NJ. Roberts, demanded that he Clark
handle the slush fund in precinct A
OF the sixth ward, and intrusted him
with 500.
The Rev. l.. B. Harper, pastor of
tho First Methodist Church in Terre
Haute, told of violent Genes that OF.
Cured at precinct B of the sixth ward
cn election day. DR.. Harper said he
himself had been arrested, and his
life threatened.
He also said that the women at the
polls were insulted and constantly
subjected to file language. Fights be.
tween workers at the polls were fire..
quent, he said. DR.. Harper was not
cross examined.