davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29
Galloway to Be.
Bred With YAK
TO supply Alaska's demand for fresh
beef and to evolve an animal hardy

TO supply Alaska's demand for fresh
beef and to evolve an animal hardy
enough to withstand the rigors Of
the interior Alaska winter, the Alaska
experiment station Of the department of
agricultures string is attempting to
cross the yak and the Galloway. Milk
sells for fifty cents a quart in the in
terror of Alaska and the meat consists
mostly Of cold storage stuff brought from
the outside, although occasionally a herd
of steers is driven in from the coast, the
trip to Fairbanks taking a month or six
weeks.
The experiment stations experiment
was suggested by the fact that the yak,
which is much used by the Mongolians
for meat and milk, as we'll as for. -ork.
is extremely hardy, obtaining his feed
through the long and extremely cold
Mongolian winter practically without as
sistance.
According to the director of the Rus
sian experiment station at Irkutsk, ST.
IBERIA, the yak pastures through the win
ter under the open sky and obtains feed
from last years dead grass dug from un-
der the snow. Crosses of the yak and
ordinary domestic cattle are easily OBJ
tanned and are common in Mongolia,
where they seem to thrive under prim-
tive and severe conditions.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29
Bones of Huge MASTODON
Believed to Be 10000 Years
Old DISCOVERED in Indiana
THE bones OF a mastodon believed to

THE bones Of a mastodon believed to
be 10000 years old and standing
nearly ten feet high are being col
lected and put together, at the United
States National Museum at Washington.
This prehistoric monster, found in an In
diana swamp, is one of the largest yet to
be unearthed. The bones were found in
fragments. but by careful work, the skel-
eton is gradually being reconstructed.
Nearly year ago a mastodon skull
and several other bones were dug up by
a steam shovel in the course of con-
structing drainage ditch in a swampy
deposit on the farm of H. H. and W. D.
Pattison, several miles northwest of Win
amac, Ind. These bones were generous
ly donated to the National Museum by
the Pattison brothers, with the privilege
OF making further search if desired, and
1t was soon decided that further search
would yield valuable results.
The remains of this monster were
found in good condition, although near
the surface, having lain without being
disturbed for thousands of years in marty
deposits Of an ancient swamp.
small appropriation was secured for
further excavation in the locality of this
find with the result that Assistant Cura-
tor Gidley has just returned to Washing
ton with nearly all the other bones of
this gigantic mammal. Practically a COM
plete skeleton was found, except two
large limb bones, many of the foot bones,
and the tusks, for which further search
may soon be made.
When mounted the museum will pos
sess one Of the most complete specimens
of this great beast of the ages just pre-
ceding the present. There is a small
mastodon specimen in the museum col
lections secured in 1901 from the peat
deposits near Church. Mich, 'but the new
one will overshadow it by more than two
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29

feet In height and several hundred
pounds in weight.
The specimen is believed to be that of
full grown male, although not an old
individual. who lived in the Pleistocene
age. probably 100000 years ago. This
animal. while 1t is related to the elephant
family. differs in general proportions of
the skeleton and through the character
of its teeth, which unlike the fat grind
ing ones Of the elephant. are more of a
rugose type with pointed corrugations
calculated to have been used in crushing
as we'll as grinding the coarse vegetable
food on which it lived. The largest Of
the teeth measures nearly seven inches In
length and is about four inches across,
weighing several pounds.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29
FIRE Damp and COAL Dust
Explosion Disappear Before
March of SCIENCE Into Mines

with comparative slowness, taking one
half second to more than a second to
traverse the first hundred feet after ig-
milton by blown-out shot, but the
fame travels faster and faster until it
may reach a speed of more than 1000
feet per second.
The pressure just after the blast from
a blown-out shot is less than that caused
by the shot itself, and the pressure re-
mains low while the explosion is travel
ing the first hundred feet, but the pres
sure rapidly increases with the distance
traversed If the dust is highly infam-
mable.
Pressures have been recorded of So
pounds per square inch $50 feet from
the origin; 73 pounds $50 feet from the
origin: 119 pounds, or higher that ordi-
nary steam boiler pressure. $50 feet from
the origin. When the fame of an ex-
plosion is extinguished, the pressure
drops rapidly as the gases cool. Hence it
is important to quench the fame near the
origin.
The more coal dust is mixed with
shale, clay or rock dust the slower and
less violent is the explosion.
When the mixed dust along passage
way is dry, but contains so per cent or
more of rock dust. it cannot be ignited
by blown-out shot Of ordinary size,
but If there is strong initial explosion
of pure coal dust or coal dust and fire.
damp. the explosion will spread through
a cloud of mixed dust containing 60 or,
sometimes, 70 per cent Of shale.
When. however, the proportion Of rock
dust is rs per cent of the mixture, the
mixture will not propagate an explosion.
even one started by 300-foot length Of
pure coal dust. Therefore, when the pro-
portion of rock dust to coal dust is to
l. there is little danger Of local explo-
sion of fire damp starting coal dust ex-
plosion that, but for the rock dust, might
extend throughout the mine.
When the coal dust, by reason OF
moisture or ash, is less easily ignited
than the Pittsburg coal dust, or when
the percentage of fixed carbon is greater
and the percentage of volatile combusti-
BILE matter is less. a smaller percentage
of rock dust will prevent the mixed dust
from exploding.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29
Effects of Modern Bullets Upset Medical Profession

clothes and dirt into the wounds. 1t Is
noticeable how frequently shrapnel bull
lets break a bone and at the same time
are arrested in the tissues. The singular
of bone is used advisedly. for one rarely
observes both bones broken either in the
forearm or leg. 1t would seem that they
possess just the required momentum to
break any bone. even the femur or a
vertebra, and this accomplished. they are
content to rest and do no more.
The iron envelope Of the shrapnel shell
is shattered into thousands Of pieces at
the moment OF explosion and the wounds
made by these rough masses are often
severe and lacerated. 1t is quite puzzling
how small the wound OF entrance can
be in comparison to the size Of the frag-
ment itself Thus. a piece of ragged shell
which had traversed the anterior wall Of
the axilla measured l by 1 " by 1-3 inch.
and, taken from the chest cavity. had
wound of entrance at the anterior border
Of the deltoid which measured less than
y inch long and was a mere slit, a
phenomenon which can with difficulty be
explained by allowing for the greatest
elasticity Of the skin.
The regional distribution of injuries in
battle has been estimated as follows:
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29

Even more remarkable is the case Of
the so-called horned toad" of California,
which. when alarmed, squirts blood from
its eyelids. and with a force sufficient to
send spray a distance Of four feet. But,
SO far. no analysis Of this blood has been
made to discover whether 1t possesses
any offensive properties.
None Of the sprays. however, possess
the efficiency Of those Of certain South
African snakes which are able to spit
venom for a distance Of more than
yard. The spij-slange and the ring-hals
are much dreaded by the colonists on
poison enter the eye-and the face In
always aimed at-blindness may result,
and violent Inflammation is certain, un-
less immediate steps are taken to remove
or dilute the poison. Dogs thus struck
are completely blinded. perhaps because.
being nearer to the ground, they receive
a greater quantity of the poison
Some animals use sprays which are not
only strongly irritant, but possess a most
powerful and disgusting odor Chiefest
among these is the skunk. Its weapons
Of defense lie in pair of glands at the
base of the tail, and so conscious does
their possessor appear to be Of their
formidable character that he makes no
attempt to escape when approached
either by man or dog.
From these glands an amber-colored.
most pungent. and acrid fluid can BE- ex.
PEELED. and with force enough to carry
several yards. Should 4 drop enter the
eye, violent Inflammation. or even blind
ness, may result But the fumes from
this fluid are even more to oe dreaded
than the huid itself. for. unless well
diluted with atmospheric air. they are a.
destructive to the respiratory passages a.
comfituro Of its foek
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29
MANS Methods of WARFARE
All ADAPTED From ANIMALS

A LII ther"new." Clever" and "orig-
~ inaP' devices employed in the world
war. even the so-called "barbarous"
methods of warfare, have been used by
nature for millions of years. Poisonous
gases. smoke clouds and sharp pointed
darts have been used by animals for de-
tense since the animal world began. The
skunk. the porcupine and the octopus
are the most commonly known creatures
which employ, respectively, the poison
Gus gas, the dart and the smoke cloud.
The caterpillars Of the saw-fly and Of
some moths-as that of the spurge hawk
moth-ward off the attacks Of ichneumon
flies by squirting from their mouths an
acrid fluid at the enemy. Many beetles,
when handled, exude a vile-smelling
fluid; and birds like the petrels will
squirt a pungent oil, when "cornered,"
common toad is popuIarly. but quite
enormously, supposed to spit poison. 1t
can. however, when alarmed, eject from
a large gland on each side Of the head
above the eyes a white, scrid fluid,
which will cause dog to foam at the
mouth should he be SO rash as to seize
one
Many of the tropical species of slug
like mollusc (Onchidium), found on the
rocks between tide-marks. have the back
studded with eyes, and are at the same
time provided with q very efficient spray
ing apparatus which 10 used with effect
to repei the attacks Of that very remark
able creature. the walking-fish peri
ophthalmus). With bulginy eyes, this
creature, for several hours daily. leaves
its native element and hunts along the
strand for insects and "onchidiums." II
the latter see him coming. they ward off
his attack BY means Of the acid spray.
onchidium II to b found IN Cornwall
and Devon. England. but n this species.
repsllsd. thsrs is NO spraytng apparatuA
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29
SKIM MILK Is
Valuable FOOD
as Well as an
ECOnOmiCaIOne

THE value Of skim milk as a practical
and economical food is being urged
by the United States department of
agriculture. Recent tests have demon
strated that skim milk, frequently
thrown away as a waste product, con-
tains nearly all the food values of whole
milk, despite that it is nine-tenths wa
ter. Two and half quarts of skim milk.
costing ten cents. has about the same
nutrftive value as a pound Of beefsteak
costing twenty cents or more.
Whole milk. as everyone knows. is an
indispensable food for the young, and
even in the diet Of the adult it is COM
paratively economical. The only nutrient
taken from it in skimming is the butter
fat There is left. therefore, in the skim
milk. not only all Of the sugar, which
amounts to about 4 u parts in every 100,
and all Of the mineral substances, but
also all of the protein.
The last named substance is important
because, besides serving as fuel for the
body, as fats, sugars and starches do, it
also supplies nitrogenous tissue building
material The proportion of protein in
skim milk, as well as of the mineral con-
sttuents, which are alsc valuable for
Bodybuilding. is even greater than in
whole milk
Since the nutritive part of skim milk
consists very largely Of protein, it is to
be classed, as whole milk is, with such
food materials as eggs, meat, fish, poul-
try and cheese (though it is much more
delicate than those foods) rather than
with such substances Is sugar, which
serve only as fuel.
Two and half quarts Of skim milk
contain almost as much protein and yield
about the same amount of energy as a
pound of round of beef. When skim
milk sells for four cents quart or about
two cents pound, and round Of beef for
twenty cents a pound, a dime or any
other sum of money spent for skim milk
will provide nearly twice as much nour-
ishment as it will if spent for round
steak. Round of beef. of course, is one
of the lower priced meats and when COM
pared with the more expensive cuts, skim
milk makes a still better showing from
the standpoint of economy.
The comparison with oysters is very
significant; a quart of oysters contains
less than twice as much nourishment as
a quart of skim milk and yet it often
costs several times as much. Both are
useful, wholesome foods, and in the
oyster one has a special flavor. A COM
bination of the two in oyster stew or
creamed oysters is an economical way of
using the oysters, since 1t makes given
quantity ''go further"
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29

r XHAUSTIVE studies of the effects Of
modern shells and balls have caused
the medical profession to reverse.
in many instances, its methods of treat
ing wounds of the battlefield. In other
instances, new methods have had to be
tried and adopted, as the effect of the
high explosives and high speed projectlles
of this war has caused wounds such as
were never encountered before. Then,
too, the wounds have nearly always been
complicated by infection due to the new
trench style of warfare. But the effects
of the new types of bullets and shells
have caused the medical profession the
most concern.
The modern sharp-pointed, steeljack-
eted, so-called humane rife ball, despite
all claims to the contrary, is remarkable
for its severe and mutilating trauma-
The point of entrance may be small
slit, or round wound, but the wound OF
exit is quite often large and ugly, with
herniated muscles, giving 1t a mushroom.
or explosive, appearance.
In our Spanish war, the high velocity
rifles, shooting balls of the Mauser type
that is, with an oval end and with the
center of gravity near the middle OF the
mass-made wounds which were, COM
paratively speaking, quite humane. The
effects Of the modern rife bullets are
usually classified according as they oc-
cur in one Of four zones. These are:
First zone 20 to 500 yards) explosive effects.
second zone $500 to 1000 yards) penetrat-
ing effects.
(Foupth zone Ia,ooo to $500 yards) contusivs
wounding effects
It is no exaggeration to say that the
modern sharp-pointed bullets are all poten-
tially dumdums, for it is the rule rather
khan the exception that the ball. after strfk-
ing, pivots and turns sidewise. This Is ex-
blamed by the fact that the center OF gray.
ty is situated far back, near the base, SO
hat the slightest detection of the point
rom the line Of fight is an instantaneous
ommand for the base to swing forward.
rom such balls picked up on the battle
elds. and some extracted from the
punded. 1t is seen that not infrequently
base of the bullet is deformed in con-
uence Of striking first, while the sharp
Int is In nowise altered. From this. II
uld seem that these bullets often pos
wabbling motion. and even rotate
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29
Ozone Kills Germs

Ozone destroys disease germs, accord
ing to experiments conducted by Kupuck.
Olsen, Jordan and Carlson to discover the
effects of ozone on air. By injecting
ozone into the air the floating colonies of
bacteria generally present in moisture are
attacked and the dangers of contagion are
lessened. small ozone making machine
is on the market which is a direct scien-
tifc and inexpensive aid to hygiene. 1t
is purifier and deodorizer. The puriica-
ton of the air one observes after a thun-
derstorm may now be produced in the
home The new device simply changes
oxygen to ozone by means of electricity.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29
Two Birds Indicted

The complaints against the robin have
dwelt on his fondness for cherries. straw
berries. blAckberries. raspberfies. pears.
peaches. prunes. grapes. and even olives
In California. The bluebirds' consump-
ton Of cultivated fruits seems more lim-
tied, being practically confined to cher
ries. raspberriss and blackberries, and
it, fruit-eating period = very short. be-
ing only from late tan to early spring
when the insects which II prsfsrs are
ocsrc0.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29

THE pile Of horseshoes shown above
represents tho life labor Of one man
Augustus Kropp, Of Kirkwood, Mo.
The shoes were all taken by Mr.. Kropp
from the feet Of horses he has reshod.
Many of them are shoes he had nodded
himself, later to replace. The veteran
horseshoer started work as black
smith when q boy and has now reached
quite an advanced age. although he is
still active and daily adding to his life
work"
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29

Patients whose injuries In the opinion
Of the surgeon at the classifying stations
would permit their returning to the hr-
ing line within three weeks are sent to
the hospitals known - the hospitals OF
the zone Of the army. These hospitals
are located within an imaginary zone
extending backward about twenty miles
from the firing line. Those whose IN
juries are most serious are ssat to the
bosa hogDitalR
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29

A q basis for the sanitary and am
bulance corps, 1t 10 estimated that the
battle casualties are n follows:
Percentage
The Washington herald., 1915-08-29

:. 20 per cent sitting up.
w Per cent recumbsnt
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-23
LEAVES TODAY
WITH RECOGNITION LETTERS

WASHINGTON, Oct. "o-Eliseo Ar
redondo. who received the recognition
OF the United States and the Latin
American republics for the Carranza
government in Mexico. will leave here
tomorrow for the Mexican border to
present in person to his chief the COM
munications handed him by Secretary
Lansing and the american am
bassadors and ministers last TUESDAY
Mr.. Arrcdondo has had long talks
with Secretary Lansing and members
or the Latin-Amcrican diplomatic corps
on Mexican affairs generally. and win
make full report on the NEGOTIATIONS
no has conducted In Washington 1t
is understood that among the subjects
he VIII discuss with General Carrauza
viii! be the situation on the border
resulting from persistent raids hy
Mexican bandits
In addition TO strcnstheninc tho
military forces on the border the
United States government to-day took
steps toward institutiug a more Wig
orous inquiry into the origin and
cause Of the raids. President Wilson
conferred with Attorney General Gre
CORY. who is preparing to send a large
squad of agents of the Department Of
Justice to the scene. Secretary CART
son ordered the Twen;y-oighth In
fantry from Galveston to Harrington
and another regiment is being held in
readiness for immediate service
officials here arc convinced that tho
Carranza authorities have no connec-
lion with the disturbances and arc
anxious TO stop them. The belief pro-
walls that Influences on the America r
side OF the line have had much 20 g
with conspiracy TO cause trouble
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-23
HONOR GERMAN EMPRESS
informed Cruisers Mt Norfolk Celebrate
birthday Of AuGuste Victoria With
Receptions on Vessels.

NORFOLK. VA. October 22.-The
tifty-seventh birthday anniversary Of
Empress Auguste Victoria. of Germany,
was celebrated with reception on
board the !nterned German Cruisers
kronprinz Wilhelm and Prinz Eitel
Friedrich this afternoon and evening.
German residents from this city and
section gathered on these ships by in
vitation OF Comma nders ThicriChcns
and Thierfelder. OF the Eitel and Will
helm, respectively. All Austrian and
German ships in Hampton Roads flew
flags to indicate the event German
flags also were flown from ships OF
the United States Navy at the Nor
folk Navy-Yard.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-23
MRS. CALF IS LUNCHEON
GUEST AT WHITE HOUSE
In Afternoon, Accompanied by Miss
Bones, Goes on Shopping
Trip to Baltimore.
TO NAME WEDDING DATE SOON
Miss Margaret Wilson to Give Musi-
cal In Honor Of Future StepmOther.
More Interesting Details Of Presi-
dental Romance.
Especial to Tho Times-Dispatch. ]


WASHINGTON. October a2.-Alrs.
Norman Gait was the luncheon guest
at the White House to-day of Miss
Margaret Wilson. the Presidents eldest
daughter. In the afternoon the Presi-
dents fiancee. accompanied by Miss
Helen Woodrow Bones, went to Balti-
more on n shopping expedition.
y quite definite rumor has il that
the announcement of the date OF the
wedding will he made next Monda y
or Tuesday. 1t is almost certain to
take place early in November. and Will
be performed at the brides house. be-
fore only very few friends.
Mrs. Gait wore 10 Miss Wilson'S
luncheon one of her most becoming
gowns of black. with "A very chic hat
of black and white.
Miss Wilson will give a musicale at
the White House in honor OF her flu
turc stepmother within n short time.
1t is understood Miss Wilson will pos
sibly participate in the program of the
entertainment.
Another informal dinner party at
the White House tonight for the dis
cussion Of plans was held. Mrs Gait
is understood to have attended this
dinner party. The other diners were.
besides the President. DR.. Cary Gray
son. Miss Bones. Miss Margaret Will
, son and tho Presidents cousin. John
\. Wilson.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-23
ACTING ATTORNEY GENERAL

Robert w. Perkins. Sr., deputy under
Commissioner of Internal Revenue
Moncure, was a very proud father
when he learned yesterday that his
son, Robert w. Jr, had been for sew
eral weeks acting as Attorney General
of Porto Rico.
Robert w. Perkins, Jr.. OF Newport
News. is probably the youngest man
in the law department of the United
States government occupying q posi-
ton so important as that In which
he is temporarily serving. He is
twenty-siX years old. About n year
ago no was appointed Assistant Attor-
neyGeneral for the District of Porto
Rico by Attorney General Kcarns
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-23
Nlumps Contagious
By William Brady, VI. D.


aar,,n.,; AZ" coHtae!ous IN
10 , 49,. " o"t OF "oth or the paro-
.u e'"hus iilppocrates de-
C.."eS - over ''Vuo years ago and we
80 '!t'ie more man the
49, '''N'N'"1 'aush' about the
~. o'Srase about which We
49, % 49, ''dhtS u me suhject tor
500 49,, "'.L"'".e "poh-bnt we
~ mo 'Ae popular de-
,'u"'P" al 'his u!ne. AS
49, Pei 81 INC NIUE cor
49, |" say come, come.
49,, 80 80 w"ht' spind yer
~, ""' thsfeio'e let us
rn n"D" ABOUT mumps.
~ 49," '.S. peE'"a is Two to
,.aan $50, - me ume be
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-23
Health Hints for Face
By .Antoinettc DonneUy.
rhaps 1t is because we are indoors

Perhaps 1t is because we are indoors
and have more time to think about
ourselves Just about the time the frost
is on the pumpkin, for we begin to
realize we have aches and pains and
worries and so form, that the sum
mer sun had made us forget Begin
to worry about your health and you
meet trouble more than halfway. So
many women chow disposition to
magnify their most trifinG ailments.
This mental attitude is, to put il mildly
Injurious for the state OF your n ind
has an enormous influence upon your
health. 1t Will help YOU more TO stop
worrying about your health and pay
strict attention to your diet and cxer-
else than to try any other measures of
cure.
Tho reason the fall Is full of troubles
is because YOU house yourselves up
with your troubles and you don't give
yourself n chance of escape.
The fall Is the most glorious time Of