Judsonia weekly advance., 1915-08-11

called rafaelite. At Ta1cuna, in the province of Coquimbe in Chili vanadium is found as yellow earth in connection with copper ore
 The principal and almost the only commercial source of supply of vanadum at present is from Peru
 There are numbers of asphatite deposits in Peru, among the best known of which are those of Yauli. When burned the ash from these de- posits yields 24 to 40 per cent vanadium oxide Other mines located at Matucan and Casapa ca, the Central railroad Of Peru near Callao at Huari, and at Huancayo, but the greatest of all deposits, known and worked, are at Mnas Ragra.
 The Ragra mines are about fifty miles from the celebrated Cerro de Pasco copper mines and are in the same mining district. Minas Ragra had been frequently denounced and again aban- doned coal mines The fuel was of so poor a quality as to be hardly worth the mining Some years ago the abandonment by c. Weiss & Co of Lima, Senor Euogio E. Fernandini who was engaged in mining at Cerro de Pasco and who owned the Quisque hacienda, about six miles from Minas Ragra. denounced the mines anew. Senor Fernandini had a process for making coke in which he proposed to the output of Minas Ragra Senor Antenor Rizo Patron the technical director of the Fernan- dini works, and on his attention being directed to a mass of black mineral which accompanied the coal he became interested and made a chem ical analysis He thereby discovered that it contained vanad1um in greater proportion than any of the heretofore known ores of this metal The material looks like slaty coal, is very hard. with 30 per cent free sulphur, IA per cent silica, per cent iron sulphide and about 11a per cent each nickel and molybdenum sul- phides, and about 40 per cent vanadium sulphide. After burning out the free sulphur the tains about B per cent vanadium oxide.
 The distinguished Peruvian scientist, Senor Jose j. Bravo. made very thorough examination of the locality and published the results in a bulletin of the Society of Engineers. The su phtde of vanadium not having been heretofore known as a natural product, was named rizo patronite by Senor Bravo in honor of the original discoverer of the mineral. This name it still bears although ordinarily shortened to patronite Rizo-patronite according to Senor Bravo appears in the form of compact mass dark in color and some two meters thick (about 6 feet 6 inches), and in his opinion is disseminated over a large extent of country around Minas Ragra. The earth surrounding the rizopatronite veins is highly impregnated with vanadium solutions, and in small catch basins this impregnated earth is being extensively worked.
 Until the recent development of vanadium in the steel industry it's commercial was more less confined to ink making and coloring fabrics and leather The ink is made of mix ture of neutral solution of ammonium vanadate, gum water and solution of gallic acid This ink is not destroyed by acids alkalines.e nor can it be bleached out with chloride. The ink. however. is not very permanent It dyeing fab hydrochloride form brilliant and permanent black. In coloring leather 1 per cent solution of neutral ammonium vanadate is used with leather which has been tanned with nutgall
 The first recorded of vanadium in steel was in 1896 in France. in the production of ar nor plates. Tests of theses showed that they were much tougher and more highly resistant