davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

So far the Tax Commissioners have
examined 5,159 persons accused by
them OF being guilty of personal prop
erty of "A value of $i33.5O7.7 700. and
sentence has been affirmed In the cases
of $50 in sums a~ggregatlng s~6.25s.all.
At lis rate the So. 700. O0O 900 tentative
assessment ought TO produce taxable
personal property amounting 10 S14.-
ooO, 900 in value. This result will not
he sneered at by those who are in
formed of the regret felt by the Com
missloners because So many Of the per-
sons they assessed have been dead for
years.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

All the thought and labor devoted
TO the problem OF Fifth avenues
vehicular traffic will be well worth
Willie II the turnout detail be solved.
To wait with civic patience until the
signal to cross Is given and then to
he run down by IA turnout vehicle
rafting DER the stony streets within
the assumed safety crossing is held,
by some who survive the hazard, to be
much too much.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

American people to the necessity Of
preparedness. but when he says that
1--WE ought to have a fleet strong
enough to take the high seas and stay
there in spite Of any fleet which Great
Britain could muster for an attack on
us" he seems to he getting out Of his
depth. England had no desire to use
her vastly superior fleet against us
when relations with the United states
were strained by Mr.. CLEvELAND's
Venezuelan message. and the cost Of
undertaking to match her in sea power
to-day would be prohibitive.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

The attitude of tho War pepar1nen'
Is = at the militia should not be- any
longer regarded as Che main reserve ~
:nc rr!tcd states in the event or va"
unless the United States Goveiuu,'' q
. Surel ID viii have control ~ ''e ME
litia in time OF war, Under the Iorst!-
tuition the Federal Government a.n"'
have ~abso,u.,, unrestricted control -
The militia.
Should there he a war tomorrow the
Fedora! Government could 200; take "N'
the militia boil bu' ouli such md
vldual officers and enlisted Mon a. chose
TO volunteer for service with 'he forces
OF the Ini:ed states. pn the eye Of Oh
unpopular wal there j. nothing I'm &C.
listing law to prevent n Governor " a
state from mastering "u' th" 10
militia of his state.
In view of these facts. m" ,"nc,1so1
was reached that they" s,,"ud u' a'
effort made TO create a force Nt edition
10 the militia which should nt cnti'ei,
under control of the Federal Govern
ment.
Every man who cnlistS for 'tr Cont
ncntals viii he just as mu,j under cor
tract tn bear urns m the event of Wa
a. the mon in the regular army, ava
the Federal Government WI AVA
hll'N JUS WIFI nIlll9DN' ~ i''|l Fl. .'
available for service
II j. the theory At the VIZ De
partmcut that It is NOT desirable 'u H'-
,enut to AXE control of tn" W'i'
away from the States. II Is brI'''ei
that the States themselves would nAie'.
10 such Il proposal. Consequently p
VIA decided to leave the militia 1hoN'
NJ It b.. cNCcpt for :u ..-'ug ilo JwH" .
Of Federal aid 10 the m!,'tia 'rrn't1''
tons.
Representative Gardner Of Nis~1chu
sctis criticised the naval p~rogrtu'u" ~
Seer tarN Daniels TODAY.
"i think President Wilson l,S s1ow1
Wisdom he said, but visa 10 t"'
mo-; stopped short % carving A~ con
N.ctions to- their logical Conclus,ur.
secretary baEicls's progrl mlU = a
good deal better than Secretary G'rr|-
sons. Even 50. the nsNy uitu '"'it Ns
thr g fundamental iaws-bi u'N y
500 new scamen and marines trc pre-
N.Gei for, wht;eas Ass!stilt S'7""''r'
Roosevelt declared We need from l''o"
TO 2o,oo0 60 the plan VII tt>f '""
long Ia carry out. and -, ! Il" ''' '-
licNe the new programme - "''N .''
Ia CIV" Ms "A fleet strong cnoUgh p rt''
Ms safe against an attack h' .'''
Britain.
II ann very apprchersive lest S'''-
tary Garrispu's plan, Ia spt'" 49, -
Cuulucudahlc features. may break d'N"
when actually put into prn't'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

I am content with the situation in
Belgium. The majority of the popula-
ton are too practical to be uselessly
sentimental.-The Military Governor OF
Belgium.
A man whose hands are tied and who
il looking into the head end OF a gun
is very apt TO be practical" in his
views.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30
Nrw yonk, October 80,

The Board Of Estimate has not failed
To provide tn" funds for the continuation
of the night schools rs our correspondent
imagines. II has sought only to find
those funds IN the appropriation for the
Schools, and to avoid a bond issue for
his purpose, There Is no doubt that
the necessary money will he forthcoming,
and the fact that a large part of 1t has
already been discovered in uneXpended
balances OF the Board of Education sup
ports the Intelligent stand on the sub
ject taken by the Board Of Estimate.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

That there is such an institution as
The General Society or Mechanics and
Tradesmen Of the city of New York"
will probably be news to the majority
of the people who read in to-day's news
papers OF the bequest OF $500, 900 TO 1t
in the will OF the late AMOS r. Emo
The Ercnin0 Post,
People who read their newspapers
where? In oshk sh? Certainly not in
New York. Many more than a ma
jcrity Of New Workers know of this
admirable institution and are familiar
with its history.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

The law prohibits under heavy penal
ties the slaughter Of deer In the Adiron-
dacks. but smiles indulgcntly at the
slaughter Of lambs in Wall Street.
Justice WESLEY o.. HOWARD.
IL might be worse. A Wall Street
guide has yet to be mistaken" for a
lamb.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

Would not the fulflment VI CAR
RANZA's desire To confront %iirERTA with
II firing squad give HvEnTA the laugh
ON CAKRAHzA? Dne can with fancy's
ears hear HrERTA say to 'ARRAN2A
While the firing squad is taking aim,
why. my dear chap, his EXcellency
President WILSON will, because of this,
refuse to recognize YOU, AS he refused
10 recognize me for INDUCING a SINH
lar caprice"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

II ~ reported that the crew OF the
German cruiser Prinz Adalbert got
nervou and excited" when attacked
by a British submarine. Won TIRPIrz
should reprimand them. What In there
in the sinking Of a cruiser to get ner-
vous and excited over when ships full
Of ON and children 90 down with
OF injury TO the Teuton nervous
system?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

Less now than In former years
seem a football players sprains inn
peratiye a to an esteemed neigh
Dor for a whitening blast against
'murderous sport"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

Hereafter eminent psychologists are
to scrutinize the alleged lawbreakers
who stand up daily for inspection and
Identification ut Police Headquarters.
Let them mt forget that among those
who undergo examination are many
students Of human frallties and weak
resscs whose powers of observation
are not t. he held IN contempt.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

The Culebra NJ Is a scratch COM
pared to the cut Lieutenant FAY will
get from Baron MuMM Won SCHwARz-
ENsTEIN when next they meet.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

We have no aspirations regarding
Bcssarab'a, PENNSYLVANIA and liukO-
wilma. Thc RuHdHida Minister Ol FOR
ciUu 4 FAIRS,
Then public opinion in Itumania
must have uudoraunc "A Sudden trans
iurmatIOn.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

Representative A. l.. GARpNER Of
Massachusetts has not been praised
beyond his deserts for arousing tho
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

Of the National Militi, Board no
following are here: Major-'ien. John
f. Organ of New York. chairman
Gen. Walter -. Harris. Adjutant-oien-
er,l. Georgia col. w. :. Metcalf. Kan
sas NJ jor T.. W. Lleweliyn. Washing
ton.
Executive committee OF the National
Guard Association Msjor-Ger. q L.
Fos.er. Adjutant-,ieneral, Florida Ger.
-. ~. Cole, MassrcN usetts cen. H. l.
Hamilton, New York. and Gen. \ j.
Logan. Pennsylvania.
Assoclat IN of The Acknowledgements
Gen. &. I. Martin. Kansas. president,
ard Gen. ". II. Sadlcr. New Ierse' .
vicp-presiLcIt.
The Clrrison plan provides f"r n.
creased Federal appropriation FOR tho
support Of the militia To the extent o.
several million dollars. but 4 docs no.
provide TO the pay or FOR enlarge men.
Of tie militia.
Among the main feature OF the Gar
rieon nan and one tina; Is 'hc caus"
Of unfavorlblc comment IN t" mil ia
IL the provision for Il force Il Cont
neH;als whom. t. the. number Of about
500 "uO. Il a. proposed 20 cn4.s; IN TIE
tri,ed Sta.cs army for u period OF sN
years. during which they shall rr"eiv"
a to;al OF six months intensive train
Ing.
some members Of the militia and ais,
SOME members of nav" e'
prcysed the opiainn tina, Instead ~ 4
new force sue a. ;hc Continen.lis he'hc
cyca.sd m4re attention SHOULD he paid o.
the militia. Members Of :he House Nj
tary C. mNi.ice have a!Seady indicated
they intend pressing for the passage o.
IT," bill, providing Federal pay for state
m!litiamer
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

London ONCE. Eringham House. ] Arun-
del street. strand.
Paris office. : Rue de la Michodiere. on
Rue du Quatre Septe1nhre.
. Washington office, Hibls Building.
Brooklyn ONCE. 100 Livingston street.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

Published daily. including sunday. by the
sun Printing and Publishing Association AZ
$50 Nassau street, In the borough of Nam
haitian, New York. President ana Treas
urer, william G. Reick. $50 Nassau street;
Vice President, Edward T.. Mitchell. loo
Nassau street. Secretary, G. II. LuAt"n. lou
Nassau street.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-30

All checks. money orders. &C, to be
made payable TO THB Sun.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-14

his particular part ready, the the
evolution Is completed me the time
taken.
Clear for action" is the test above
all others of a ships efficiency for var
with the single exception of good
shooting, as the first broadside fired
might have a very big effect in the
decision of an action. for il the British
navy believes that thrice blest is he
who has his quarrel just" it also be-
lieves land more so he who gets his
blow in fust!"
one other evolution transcends even
Exercise action and that is sta
tions clear for battle" In every ship
Of war there is n large quantity of
woodwork. largely composed OF light
officers cabins, &c. Before going into
action all this would be unshlpped and
thrown overheard. So that there
should he no mistake and confusion
as to which had to 20. stations clear
for battle" Is exercised periodically.
ON these occasions the carpenter and
his mates go round and mark every
piece of woodwork which would he
jettisoned, and it is explained to the
men, each of whom has his particular
bit, how this woodwork would be un-
shipped. 1t is also generally under
stood that before going into a modern
action all boats would be lowered and
left behind, all of which Is to reduce
the danger from splinters and fire, the
modern explosive shell being of a very
highly infiammable nature.
Every Saturday every ship of war
Is given over to what the sailor calls
the weekly water carnival. Decks are
scrubbed; when wooden are holy
stoned, Then come the steam hoses,
and everything is washed down, after
which deck cloths are laid down,
bright work polished. and the ship
made spick and span for Sundays in
speCtion.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-14
Continued from Fourth Page.

ready signalman bends on the flags
to the halyards n up they go to the
masthead. SO far not a soul in the
fleet moves, but directly the signal is
hoisted ship after ship HOSTS the
answering pennant to show that they
understand the signal. Again it Is re-
ported to the Admiral that every ship
has answered-and, by the way, IL this
is not done in a matter of seconds
the laggard ship knows all about it
then the order is given haul down"
and the very moment that hat signal
begins to move in a downward direc-
tion the bugles of every ship blare
forth and men rush away to complete
them allotted task. The struggle is
now for the post of honor-'hrst
ship; the completion of the evolution
being signifed hy hoistlng the finish
ing pennant on each ship as she
finishes. So great is the competition
to be first ship that those concerned
will resort to all kinds of stratagems
to "steal n march" on their COMPETE
tors. Theoretically every ship is SUI
posed to be In a quite normal and I'M
prepared condition until the signal
noting what evolution Is to take place
is hauled down. Actually there is
hardly a ship in the fleet but
has prepared for practically every
emergency; all the hawsers and tackle
connected with 'out boom defence"
which means torpedo nets. are laid
along. The booms themselves have
been lifted out OF their "crutches'' and
are kept in place by q spun yarn
which will break as Don as a strain
Is placed on It. And so with every
possible evolution. Then should the
Admiral order the signal "Out all
boats; pull round the fleet" there is
wild confusion and much profanity,
and the ship which has made no prep
aration whatever Is likely to be first
ship" for all the other preparations
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-14

have got to be undone before a start
can be made to get the boats out.
Wednesday forenoon is usually de-
voted to landing party" Sometimes
the men land and go through company
and battalion drill, at others they go
to small arm drill on the upper deck.
or the shore equipment Is brought up
from the storeroom below, and the
men don this so as to make quite
sure that should a landing party be
. required for active service everything
is all ready.
Thursday afternoon has been from
time immemorial the navy's early
closing day. At l p. NJ, on Thursday,
instead of clearing up decks as usual,
preparatory to both watches falling
in, the pipe goes, Hands make and
mend clothes" which means that the
afternoon ia for the men 20 do as
they like.
Friday forenoon has always been
devoted to general quarters" in other
words, prepare for action. After
divisions the bugle sounds exercise
action and every soul at c makes
away to the station he would occupy
should an enemy be within sight, Sea-
men and marines man the guns
Stokers not below In the stokeholds
and engine room form fire parties and
stretcher parties. Men not required at
the guns repair to shell rooms and
magazines. The doctors and their
STAFF prepare the operating theatre.
Artisans &c to shell hoists AMI maya
zine passages. The guns are cast loose
and ioaded-dummy charges the
exact weight of the real cordite
charges being used-projectiles, and
a further supply Of charges are all
placed in passages and boats. and as
each unit is ready for action, the
officer in charge repairs to the bridge
and reports, Foremost turret cleared
away, sir" OF whatever the case may
be. When the last officer has reported
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-14

ferred. the work being harder and less
c%ongenial. Suppose he takes his medi-
cine and still doesn't improve his
habits? Down again until he reaches
the 'prison pen."
This is really a terrible place. where
II Is difficult to understand that men
would work from choice. or even with
out a hope that they might ultimately
improve themselves so as to escape its
unpleasant surroundings for some
thing better. 1t is the cylinder shak-
ing department In the foundry.
Away down at the lower end Of the
big building where 1900 men are at
work, ohscured by a binding cloud Of
dust and filled with acid fumes. the
a cylinders are carried by overhead
trolleys. after they have been moulded
and cooled, to have the lust shaken
out Of them, That is the last stop
on the way down and there men are
sentenced to five days. a week. two
weeks or a month or until they are
actually anxious to do better. 1t is
easily conceivable a a man set in
his ways, who resents what he may
deem unwarranted interference with
his personal habits and who has been
accustomed to better working sur
roundings, would prefer the ease and
comparative cleanliness If a Jail to
eight hours "A day in this atmosphere.
The recalcitrant man is not, how
ever. hrust down to his working
prison with a kick and q curse and
left there without a hand stretched
out to him. All during his progress
down the line he is seen by somebody
of the sociological department and en-
couraged to free himself: and he is not
discharged. II he Is willing to work
there and stay there for the rest of
his natural life he may DO so If he
performs his stint of work for his pay.
1t is commendable for the system,
however. that very few of the men
reduced to this prison fail to ask for
their old jobs back again, there to be-
have themselves; rarely does a man
throw up his job because of his pun-
ishment.
The progress downward, as just de-
scribed, suggests the progress upward.
which is n large part of the work OF
the man factory. The working out Of
the pan for constant progress of the
men is largely the cause of the intro
duction of the progressive system Of
manufacturing operation upon which
Inc automobile factory Is conducted
and which Is in a great measure re-
sponsible for the economy in making
the Ford machines. 1t violates all the
accepted ethics of the way to run a
factory, since the usual thing Is to
have one kind of work done in its sep
arate place. Here each part Of the
automobile is passed along Macti-
cally from hand to hand until It finds
n resting place in the assembled ma
chine. The men work in rows and all
the march of all the pieces or parts is
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-14

At the end Of each day a card Is
filled out for ZACH workman. showing
what he has accomplished. To illus
rate: In Department 1921, Charles
Mitchell. whose badge number-all an
ployees yea badges and are proud of
them-is c 4002, handles part No. 400,
performs operation 3 in list c n does
it 100 times in eight hours. That Is
the full qualification for his present
job. This card is put into an individ-
ual envelope inc filed. Mitchells pay
is made VI from this envelope. 1t is
also used for the foreman to make
notes on as to the efficiency and abil-
ity Of Charles Mitchell.
Now by the second payday for that
workman the envelope should bear the
Endorsement Of the foreman who over
sees the work of Mitchell. saving tina
he is proficient n worthy of better
and more highly paid work. If il does
not appear the foreman is asked why.
and II is his business to tell, and also
To know whether Mitchell fits there ur
should be tried somewhere else in the
shop. And II Is held that In such a
large establishment some kind of work
can be found nj which any man can
excel n SO IT himself for advance
ment. So he climbs until he reaches
the first division If his class. where he
may remain If he wishes, although
every announcement Is given to men
to lift themselves out of the classes IN
which they find themselves.
Some method such as this had to be
devised in order to men
who are receiving 81 n day for sweep
ing a floor to get away from such n
simple job and not 20 let themselves
rust just because they are making a
good living. Manufacturing economics
demand II too. for reasons which might
be explained If this story were about
an automobile factory instead of about
a man factory. 1t seems obvious.
however, that with the opportunity To
advance from the humblest and most
unskilled labor always before him,
with every incentive to learn all
branches ana to improve his Condi-
ton, a man mus, he "A very iunkhead
not 10 be able To become a mechanic
of the highest skin called for in the
trade, to he "A foreman or a superin-
tendent, and perhaps even something
better than that,
As to the economic side Of the Ques-
ton, everybody in the Ford plant not
only admits but asserts that the
scheme of making men responsible for
all their lives and actions has worked
wonders in cutting down expenses.
While the sociological department
costs directly $9,000'a month to main
tain, it more than pays for itself in
actual dollars and cents. AS an Illus
tration the force now at work in the
plant is more than 1000 men shorter
than 1t was this time last year and the
plant Is capable of turning out just
as much. II not more work. than il
did before the profit sharing plan was
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-14
Continued from Seventh Page.

and holding up a tea kettle and max.
ing the class repeat the name Of 1t
Intil they know its sound and appre-
siate its meaning. Then to watch him
lead them along until they can say
water" and know that it is placed in
the kettle to boil to make tea.
Men are taught to write in this
school, too. and some of them put the
teachers to shame by the excellence
Of their handiwork. A bank official in
Highland Park said jokingly to MI.
Liebold recently: That school Of
yours is demoralizing our books"
"How?" asked Mr.. Liebold.
why. when some Of your foreigners
make their first deposits they can't
sign their names in any language.
One will make a deposit, for instance,
n draw a horse or something like
that for his signature, In a few
months we get a check on his account
signed with his name in excellent
~ehlrography. How the dickens are We
going to harmonic the two?"
But the idea must not be gathered
that all Is harmony, sudden and sus-
tanned interest and good will toward
the Ford folk. 1t isn't so in every
ease.
do you discharge anybody for any
reason?" I asked.
"Never." was the answer, but some
discharge themselves"
"What do you do, then, when q
man Is recalcitrant, when he really
doesn't try to do right, after repeated
efforts on your part to make him con-
form"
I'VE punish him."
And here Is what / found out.
Take, for example, a man who is
running a drill. which Is good, clean.
responsible work. Say he is drinking
more than is good for him or neglect
ing his family or wasting his money
or associating with people to his detri-
ment or doing other Of the hundred
and ons things that tend to deteriora-
ton. When he fails to respond to
kindly advice carefully given. or sug-
gestions that such things are not good
for either body or soul, he Is trans-
ferred to a job not quite so pleasant.
He gets his hands all covered with
muck, he associates with people dur.
ing working hours who are not of his
mental callbre. and he is generally
uncomfortable. He knows what Is
being done to him and why it is being
done. Any time he wishes he may
tell his foreman that he sees his error
and wants to go back to both JOB and
right living. and II he shows that he
really means it he gets his job back
again.
Rut IL no doesn't ~ ha anldiaru m
his work or keeps up the same game
during his leisure hours? There Is a
lower depth and he Is again trans
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-14

minute through the day his foreman
must assign another man to his task
while he is absent. A sufficient num-
Der Of capable men are kept on duty
all the time to meet this requirement
and at the factory's expense.
When a beginner is assigned TO a
place in the factory-to drill a hole
or a set of holes, for example. in a
certain part-a man rs assigned to III
struct him. A maximum period OF two
days under instruction is allowed for
him to become so accustomed to his
work that he can keep up his end. II
that is not sufficient he is taken
where else and tried out again.
Say, for the sake Of figures, that he
has to bore O hundred holes O day to
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-14

to common centres where they are put
into place and the finished product Is
ready for shipping or for the show
room.
Each man has a single operation,
whatever it may be. and he is re-
sponsible for a certain number Of rep
Editions OF that operation on separate
pieces during his day Of eight hours-
and nobody works longer than eight
hours. II is obvious that each indi-
vidual must keep pace with the man
below him, else parts would pile up
beside him and the men above him
would not have enough parts to o n
t.nue their work. So steady is this
work that IL any workman Is COM
PEELED to leave his post for a single