davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-01-31

| RRHERE was a time when sawdust
| II was merely the stuff that floated
q down stream from sawmills." In
those days it had little use except to
serve as filling for icehouses and SIM
liar limited uses. Nowadays. however,
its uses are manifold, but it is probable
that very few persons have any definite
| idea of the immense varieties of its
usefulness.
If one enters the sample room of the
modern manufacturer of sawdust he
will observe on shelves rows and rows
of glass jars. stoppered and standing
mouth downward. These are filled with
finely powdered, soft, fluffy material
in great variety of tints and colors.
There are reds of different shades.
browns and yellows. to say nothing
of the blacks and whites. These are
the samples shown by the manufac-
turers, and they represent the very
finest qualities of sawdust.
| In these finer forms sawdust is made
of perhaps sixty different woods. OF
varying degrees of flneness, Tor a va
riety Of purposes. All these In addi- :
ton to the common, coarse saWdust OF
everyday commerce, of which enormous
Quantities are sold.
| The sawdust which is most familiar
is the sort obtained from lumber mills
and mills in which lumber is resawed
| in manufacturing This sort of saw
dust is used extensively on floors to
take I'D dampness in sweeping, for
ma acking bottled goods. for bedding
horses and for filling icehouses- Some
sawdusts are screened at the mills 10
remove chips and sticks
! Sawdust. combined with oil. is put
I'm in packages for use in sweeping
"a rpets. instead of the old-time scat
tered tea leaves. Sawdust from varl-
ous non-resinous woods is employed in
tremendous quantities in the smoking
of meats. and sawdust in the form OF
nuln ia used in the manufacture OF
dynamite.
| In combination with cement. saw
dusts Of various kinds and coiors are
used in the construction OF special floor
ing. such as that used in hospitals.
such flooring, made with the material
lin a plastic state, can pc iald IN
single piece, without cracks or joints.
nd No made germproof. 1t is, further
more ..silent" and easier to the tread
than tile.
some curious uses are found for the
better kinds of sawdust. one or these
nertains to the Spanish cedar sawdust,
which is of extreme lightness. IT is
emnioyed for packing cheap chemicals
contained in glass and shipped for long
distances. In this relation there must
he taken into consideration the ques-
ton of weight and freight charges. and
Evening star., 1915-01-31
No CoIIegian.
TiE late

THE late Admiral Mahan once said
to New York reporter:
1T is hard to discuss naval matters
with the average man, for tho average
man is SO ignorant of these matters
that he evokes insistently the figure
OF Exc.
Exc. seated in q restaurant before
a lettuce salad. said to his waiter, i'm
patiently:
Hurry up that ere chandelier
1T amt a chandelier what you're
alludin' to- the waiter answered. smil-
ing. It's a cruet.'
"'Weil, never mind what she is. said
Exc. Hurry her up. We amt all been
to college"
Evening star., 1915-01-31

~ UELS form a number of tragic
II u chapters in the history Of WASH
~ ington. and to this day a revival
of the stories of famous personal en-
counters in the thicket on Hyatt
branch, just over the District line on
the old post road to Baltimore. the
spot generally written OF as the
"Bladensburg dueling ground" and the
dueling spot off the Bowen road near
where the line of Pennsylvania avenue
intersects the old road to Marlboro
always commands a considerable num-
Der of interested listeners or readers.
About once a year some writer retells
the stories of the Decatur-Ba. ron. the
Mason -McCarty and the Cilley-GraVes
encounters.
It has been estimated that about fifty
duels were fought on the Bladensourg
| bloody ground between the time OF the
| removal of the seat OF government 70
washington and 1850. but there Is no
authentic record of these fights. though
| il is known that while nearly al! OF
them were blood-sptlling. many OF mem
were not fatal. and most OF them were
fought by gentlemen & Of no particular
| In connection with the popularity and
frequency of duels in the Districts g
neiRhbor states Of Maryland and Vir-
Rinia, and in the lands to the south
and west of those states. 1t Is inter
esting to recall that very probably
the first fatal duel fought in what is
now the United States was upon bos-
ton Common, between Benjamin Wood
Bridge and Henry Phillips. the even.
ing Of July 8, 1928. Prearranged and
mutually premeditated personal com
bat with deadly weapons goes as "a.
back as the beginning OF colonization
on the American continent. but this
combat on Boston Common seems to
have been arranged and carried out
| with the form and ceremony OF the
| code
| It has been recorded that these young
men. woodbridge and Phillips. quar-
Evening star., 1915-01-31
Inside Criticism.

From the Detroit Free Press.
$50 you are going to be married,
Mary?'
"Yes, ma'am, and Ill be leaving you
next Tuesday"
well. hope you are getting a good
husband
If he amt any better than the ops
you've got won't keep him long"
Evening star., 1915-01-31

H3HHE corn crop raised in the United
States in the year 1914 was the
. largest crop of any kind ever
raised In any country in the history
of the world-largest in bulk. in acre
age planted and in money value.
Figures are dull things and statis-
tics put the reader to sleep. but when
figures and statistics mount into such
astounding proportions as those OF our
Uncle Sans last years corn crop, even
the most careless reader must Sit up
and take notice. There were planted
in corn 1o3.435.oo0 acres, or 1857
square miles, harvesting 2,S72, s04,o0
bushels. worth s1,7o2.59s. 900.
Let us see what all this means in
terms of things that the mind can grasp
Familiarity. This great corniield of the
United States is five times as large as
the state of Virginia 1t is nearly six
teen times as large as the little king
dom of Belgium, and more than three
fourths as large as the great German
empire or the republic of France.
The sun is approximately 9o.ooo,o9o
miles from the earth. A railroad train
running nifty miles an hour would take
206 years to get there-longer than an
the years that have elapsed since
George Washington's mother was porn.
plant that corn crop, If stretched out
IN straight line. would reach from
here to the sun eleven times. 1t would
be about one billion miles long, ana
ffty-mile-an- n-hour railway tram enat
started to run its whole length at the
time that Alexander the Great was
conquering the world would Just about
be pulling into the Union station now.
4
And the bulk of that crop! The
Washington Monument is a pretty big
thing, yet the corn crop Of last year
il nodded into structures the size of
that monument would. If placed side
by side, make an imposing row Of
obelisks just twenty-eight miles long.
Suppose one had to build a bin to
contain this vast crop. 1t would have
to be more than a half mile long,
more than a quarter of a mile wide and
more than two and a half times as
high as the Washington Monument.
The great grain elevators of Chicago
would look beside such structure like
the toy Noah's arks of children beside
the Capitol.
In weight this great crop is 10000
900. 900 pounds. or so. 900 900 tons 1t would
take 100000 ordinary freight cars to
transport such load. Laden in the
tanning this great burden would reach
around the world at the equator.
Loaded in the largest of sea-going
merchantmen. it would take more than
1000 of them to carry such a cargo.
Let US put this great crop in ordi-
nary sacks and pile them up on one
another as high as The Star building.
The mighty wall would reach from
Washington to San Francisco and back
again and then have more than enough
Evening star., 1915-01-31
THE SPEED OF LOCOMOTIVES

OF the weight. as that part of the wheel
rolls over to the front. makes the wheel
with its load press down upon the rail
with SO much more force than 1t does
the other side that the effect upon the
rail is as If heavy blow were de-
livered upon it with a hammer
so, to use an engine successfully at
the highest speed 1t is necessary to
make the counterweight lighter than
would be correct for moderate speeds.
The light weights are not necessarily
dangerous at the lower speed, but their
use would cause unnecessary wear and
tear on the engine and the track, and
In some cases would even cause un-
pleasant jerks upon the passenger cars.
For this reason fast engines are sell
dom built unless they can be used in
fast service all the time.
80
Properly proportioned valve openings
are absolutely essential to fast en-
gine. These admit the steam to the
opposite ends of the cylinder alter
nately. as the connecting rod moves
first forward and then backward, and
In fast engine they must admit a
large volume of steam very quickly.
The valves must be moved SO as first to
open one passage and close the other;
and then. as rapidly as possible. close
the first and open the second.
The chief reason for the different ar
rangement of valves in different en-
gines of the ordinary type is to save
steam. and that in turn means less
coal-a question of economy,
1t will be noticed by even the most
casual observer that the opening to
let the steam out Of the cylinders into
the smokestack Is several times as
large as that for admitting the live"
steam. But even with this 1t requires
a considerable amount of power to
force the steam out with sufficient
quickness. This must be done in the
fraction of second.
There are many engines that can get
steam into the cylinders quickly
enough. and that are otherwise all
right for high speed, but which are not
so arranged to get rid of this steam
which has been used and is only in the
way. 1t Is this rapid expulsion of the
dead" steam that makes the vigorous
puffs at the top of the chimney that
seem to indicate that the locomotive
Is doing a tremendous amount of work.
1t should be remembered however. that
this noise is not the result of real
work, but only of this after operation.
which engine builders would avoid. In
stationary engines it Is largely avoided.
and there is a class of locomotives.
those arranged on the compound sys-
tem," in which the puffs are so faint
that the engine would seem to be doing
nothing at all.
Evening star., 1915-01-31

H1HE average person thinks that the
! II bigger the locomotive and the
greater the diameter Of its driv-
| ing wheels the faster it will go. and
in the popular mind these are the only
reasons one engine can run faster"
than another.
The locomotive, although one Of the
| simplest and best known OF machines,
enbodies numerous devices not visible
! to the eye Of the casual observer
which are most vital elements in its
efficiency and speed. For example.
much Of the power of the big express
, engine depends upon the steam valves
and the CRATES in the fire box quite as
much as it does upon the mere bigness
of the driving wheels. At the same time
it is true that large wheels in ordinary
fast running are a convenience. and IN
the very highest speeds necessity. II
becomes necessary. of course. to iighten
and increase the speed-which intro
duces the second phase of the PROB
lem-the CRATES and heating surface.
Fast engines. to continue their work
make steam very rapidly. To accom-
plish this the heat Of the fire must
come in contact with the water at
great many points. A large fire box In
vOlveS CRATE VI ldi Sc di co ~ oNiA =
air to the fire. a difficult matter since
but a small distance separates the
wheels, the width of the tirebox being
thus limited while t the length 1gtic, must us.
fireman can throw his COAL
A third factor is the counterbalance.
the solid filing fixed between the
spokes of the driving wheels opposite
the connecting rods. This is to balance
the weight of the cranks, parallel rods
and connections, and. in addition. the
force, on the wheels. of the weight
of the moving piston in the cylinder.
Lacking this balance the wheels would
roll too rapidly when the rods and con-
nections were moving downward and
too slowly when they were moving
upward, thus causing lerky motion.
However, as the influence OF tne
weight is varied by the centrifugal
force, which in turn Is greater or less
according as the speed is high or low,
it happens that a counterweight which
is suitable at speed OF forty or nfty
miles an hour produces an Injurious
| pound" on the rails at seVenty-nve
miles an hour.
1t follows, therefore. that the weight
must be heavier than the rods and con-
nections, because part of its office Is
to balance the piston and other parts
that slide horizontally and are uhin-
fuenced by centrifugal force. AS the
speed increases. the downward motlon
Evening star., 1915-01-31

spirit that prompts tailor to put
useless buttons on the back and sleeves
of man. s coat. because tailors have
been taught 1t for ages.
And SO these two nations will prob
ably go along for generations, each
using a defective system, and yet each
one able to acquire a perfect system
if it would only adopt part of the sys-
tenn of the other.
Evening star., 1915-01-31
Papa Had q Crouch.
From Judge:

From Judge.
Nell-Jack, dear, did you call on papa
today?
Jack-Sure I did, but he didn't ap-
pear to enthuse very much over my
visit.
Nell-What did he say?
Jack-Why. when l asked him for
permission to press my suit. he simply
answered, why don't you send it to a
tailor"
Evening star., 1915-01-31
Her Decorations.

From Judge.
who is that haughty-lookinE dark
lady on the right?"
That is Signora Juarez-Torreon-Va
ranza -Quilla of Mexico"
And what are all those badges. but
tons and medals with which she is al.
most covered?"
why, she's 4 Daughter Of Three
Hundred and Twenty-ntne Revolu-
tionsi"
Evening star., 1915-01-31

It has been recorded that these young
men ~ A woodbridge and philips. quar-
relied over cards at the Royal Exchange
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-04-28

men available for operations in Euro
pean Turkey and the Gailipoli PENN
sula. 1t is doubted whether this force
is evenly divided. The objective of the
allies, therefore, is probably to hold in
check the larger of the Turkish armio s
by defensive tactics while advancing
against the weaker position.
Indications suggest that the Turks
at present have concentrated a very
strong force at the Gallipoli landing
contributes to this be-
lief by declaring that the French and
British have been driven back to their
transports along the Gallipoli shore,
while at the same time it seems to
be a fact that the Turks are being
forced inland at Enos. The extreme
reticence of the French and British
in announcing details of
the Constantinople campaign make
deductions tentative, but it is prob
able that if either of the two often
sives now being organized is n blind.
that one is the Gallipo1i advance.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-04-28
WAITING FOR SPRING.
100000 of Cars Soldiers Have Mo.
bilized at VIadiyostOk.

San Francisco, Cal, April 2S.-With
three feet of snow on the ground and
the thermometer at zero, 100000
troops are encamped at Vladivostok
awaiting the coming of spring to join
the Russian army at the front, ac-
cording to William Sydney, who ar
rived in San Francisco on the steamer
China Tuesday.
Sydney, a young American, left New
York on October as wireless opera
tor aboard a Russian steamer. A few
weeks later he was assigned to duty
at the big station at VladivoStok and
for three months handled war mes
sageS in code.
Hundreds of thousands of Rus
slams are being impressed into the
SERVICE" said Sydney.
''Vladivostok has become the re-
ceiving station for supplies on the Pa
cific and millions of dollars worth of
food and clothing is being purchased
in Japan and transported on ships.
Russia has placed huge orders with
Japan, estimates of its total running
into the tens of millions of dollars"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-04-28
OUT With INJURY
Manager COffey of Denver Team
Has Injured Finger.
Too Much Pluck i'm Tuesdays
Game Proves Costly.

AS a result of too much nerve and
grit, Manager Jack Coffey, OF the
Denver team, will not be able to play
in another game for several days and
it is possible that he will always carry
a bum finger as souvenir OF the
opening game with the Savages Tues
day.
In the third inning of Tuesdays
game Monroe hit hard line drive in
the direction of third base which look
ed good for the first hit of the game.
But, Coffey has habit of staying
awake when he works on the infield,
and, furthermore, he has the annoying
habit of getting everything that comes
his way.
And so he robbed Monroe of a pref
ty bingle by making a long stab at it,
stopping it and pegging to first. None
of the 1000 spectators knew that any
thing out of the ordinary had hap
pened, and few of the players knew
it But, as a matter of fact, Coffey
had caught the ball on a finger that
had been fractured last season, and
had hurt it to such an extent that he
was unable to sleep last night.
In talking about the accident this
morning, the plucky manager said
81 made a mistake by NOT taking my
self out of the game. But l was so
anxious to win that 1 didn't realize it
was hurt very badly until after it was
all over. Now 1 will have to stay out
for awhile
The oroginal fracture was received
early last season. 1t probably would
not have amounted to anything if Jack
had nursed it at the time. But he
kept on playing without knowing that
the bone was fractured. and it was not
until September that he had an X-ray
examination made and found out why
the blooming thing" would not get
well.
Galloway, who played second base
Tuesday took Coffey's place on the
third bag today and Matthews played
second
Tonight the Elks will entertain
Manager Coffey and Players Fisher
and Dell, all of whom are Hello
Ri1IS
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-04-28
MAUDE ADAMS COMING
Topeka Will Have Chance to See
Great Actress After All.

Maude Adams will be at the Grand
Opera house Monday evening, May
TO- The great actress was originally
billed for May but cancelled her en-
gagement here. Roy Crawford, man
ager of the theater, was successful in
his efforts to bring her to Topeka.
Mr.. Crawford said today that all
those who have tickets which would
have been good at the first date must
return them to the Grand and ex-
change them for new ones. differ
ent set of tickets will be used May
10. Maude Adams will play here on
two dollar scale, instead of a two and
a half dollar scale as last year. She
will appear in Quality Street.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-04-28
A STAR ON YER?
CHIEF Parsons Says Cofran Police Are
Running Wild.

Request that all special policemen.
appointed by the Cofran admlnlstra-
ton, report to the police station has
been made by Harvey Parsons, chief
of police. 1t is understood that
number of men in different parts OF
the city were given stars and have
turn in their stars since the new adj
ministration took charge of police af-
fairs.
These men are now in position
of impersonating an officer, SAID
Chief Parsons this morning. Their
appointment ends with the admins
tration making it,.
According to Chief Parsons, the
men will not necessarily be fired when
they report II want to know who
they are" said the chief.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-04-28
A GOOD OLD BIRD.
Storl< Is Expected to Make President
Wilson a Grandfather Again.

Washington, April 28.-President
Wilson expects to become grand
father again within a month, as hap
by event is anticipated at the home of
the Secretary of the Treasury and Mrs.
William G.. McAdoo. who is the second
daughter of Mr.. Wilson.
Arrangements for the event already
are under way.
Mr.. Wilson became a grandfather
last February at the birth in the
White House of Francis Sayre, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Francis BoweS Sayre,
and will leave here on Friday night
for WilliamStOwn, Mass, to attend the
christie ming of his young grandson.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-04-28
FAVOR OPEN FAIR
Rotary Club at Lux Dinner En-
dOrSeS Lux.
Elaborate Cafeteria a Feature
of Meeting Today.

The Rotary club and their guests at
a banquet today noon enthusiastically
endorsed the movement for a free
state fair and passed resolutions urs-
ing that the special levy at the election
May Is be passed.
The meeting was held with Samuel
E. Lux, the commission merchant.
One hundred and fifty men and wo-
men attended, many of them Shawnee
county farmers An elaborate cafe
terra luncheon was served
Following the lunch George Godfrey
Moore, president of the club, intro
duced the chairman of the meeting,
Scott Hopkins. Mr.. Hopkins and Mr..
Moore spoke favorably of the free fair
plan. S. E. LUX was the first speaker
and he detailed the history of the fair
in Topeka and how it would be bene-
fitted by the free admission plan. The
levy to be voted upon, he explained,
would be for premiums only. The
concessions will pay the overhead ex-
pense and the races will take care
of themselves.
J. S. Dean was the next speaker and
the main feature of his talk was that
Kansas has taken the lead in this
movement. Mr.. Hopkins then read a
telegram from T. A. Borman, former
president of the fair association, and
showed letters he had received from
praising the plan, including one from
the famous Kansas City horsewoman,
Miss Loula Long.
DR.. c. w. McCampbell, of Manhat-
tan, made a brief talk about the di-
rect financial aid to the farmer that
is caused by the fair. o. K. Swayze,
county clerk, gave actual figures of
the levy and said, AS member of the
Taxpayers league, that he was for
the proposition. Jesse Shaw rose at
the conclusion of Swayze's remarks
and said that Swayze should resign
from that organization and joint the
Citizens league.
Mrs. n. H. Rhodes, president of the
Good Government club, asked for a
better babies bureau at the fair and
also urged the necessity of barring
questionable concessions there. o. P.
Updegraff lowered the sIase with
compliments for taking the lead in the
action. Mr.. Fisher, of Wamego, and
Mr.. Snyder, of Topeka, spoke in favor
of it.
The principal address was made by
A. w. Farmer Smith, who eloquent
ly pleaded for the levy. Mr.. Smith
said he had attended every state fair
in Topeka and is willing to pay taxes
on a free one.
George Godfrey Moore offered reso-
lutions in favor of the levy, which
passed unanimously. Resolutions were
also passed thanking Mr.. Lux for the
entertainment he provided.