davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03

1894 Indians on the reservation, .y-l4
males and $50 females. This popu-
lation represents 435 families. some
have fine homes, there being 140
houses and 81 stables on the reser-
walton. This does not include tents,
etc. There are ,315 Indian farmers
on the reservation farming :, 1898
acres of land. This land produced
| n 700 bushels of wheat, 1880 bus
heels OF oats; 5495 bushels of barley;
1890 bushels of potatoes; 5000
busheles of vegetables; and 1854
tons of alfalfa In addition to this
amount might be added $500 tons
Of wild hay put up on the Fort Hall
bottoms by the Indians.
Five farmers on the reservation
had under cultivation 100 acres or
more, these were Ralph Dixey, 1856
acres; Oliver Teton, 116 acres; Hy-
rum Faulkner, 100 acres; John Bal
lard, 100 acres; and Earl Wildcat,
106 acres. The Indians have 5,Io8
head of cattle. .5,S25 head of horses,
asa pigs, 1907 chickens. At the
recent fall cattle sale $4,000 worth
of beef cattle was sold. OF this
amount Big Jimmie received $5,418.-
"a, Ralph Dixey $2,960.15, James
Broncho $1,S52.05, Charley Diggie
l$f,5O3.74, Joe Thorpe $1,033.95,
Jones Johnson $S9S.O1. Tom Co.'S
grove $S47.6S, Young Hamey $725.-
SO, Alex, Watson 77s7.9S, Tom Os-
born $65S.59 Earl Wildcat $652,42,
Beets Lips $599s45,kand Oliver Te-
ton $529.07 The tribal herd on the
reservation is $50 head. D..
There is at present 1898 acres of
lirrigable land and 1853 acres of dry
farm land leased on. the, reservation.
Mr. Peter Hatmaker, who has under
cultivation 100 acres of leased irri-
gable land got the following yield
this year: Oats 60 bushels to the
acre, wheat 42Aa bushels to the acre,
beets Is tons to the acre, and pota-
toes 100 sacks to the acre. Mr.. hoy
Earring had in $50 acres Of turkey
red wheat which produced 21 $50
bushels or an average of % bushels
| to the acre.
Mr.. Horton H. Miller, superintend-
ent, is very DESTROYS of leasing both
irrigable and dry farm land. These
leases can be made for little or no
cash consideration; the object being
to get the land in a stage of cultiva-
ton. Many irrigable land leasors
can be seen about Fort Hall, the re-
suits which these men are getting
speaks favorably to all who desire
to lease land under the project. 1t
is thought that between the present
time and spring at least 1000 acres
OF irrigable lanl will have been leas-
ed. ...
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03
Dry Farming, Science :, ~. y. r
Little Understood by Many
By Senator Davis of American Falls


When We come to realize that IS
per cent of the elements which enter
into the production of crops in the
way of moisture and chemical plant
foods can be conserved, developed, or
supplied by proper tillage and rota-
ton and that only Is per cent is
dependent upon the soil itself, We
will insist that chemistry, so far as
it pretains to agriculture, shall be
taught in every public school. hope
the day is not far distant when every
boy and girl may be able to look upon
field of growing grain Ind tell what
the soil lacks and the reason why
maximum production Is not being
obtained. Science can unlock this
storehouse of knowledge and will do
so whenever the people, realizing the
possibilities that lie therein, demand
it. Scientific farming and business
methods in the handling of our nat
ural resources will bring to Idaho
an era of prosperity such as we have
never known.
We are entering upon the serious
study Of these problems. In the
early days of Idaho's settlement it
was considered that the supplying of
moisture Was, the only thing needed
to secure maximum results. Import
ant as water is, we have learned that
it is drink, and not food; that while
it liberates and makes available the
plant foods contained in the soil,
it does not create them. We have
discovered further, and it is a most
valuable discovery, that moisture can
be conserved as we'll as supplied and
that the means necessary to this con-
servation are highly beneficial in the
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03

growing, but rotation will in a mea-
sure replace summer fallow. A part
of the land, at least, that now lies
idle each year, will be utilized in the
production of nitrogen-restoring
crops, or other crops that can be
fed to livestock and the nitrogen re-
turned in the form of manure. These
will of necessity be crops that can be
cultivated, because frequent cultiva-
ton is the one indispensable essential
to successful dry farming. Our most
successful wheat growers are the
ones who cultivate most. Deep plow-
ing, frequent narrowing to keep the
top soil loose and the weeds down,
spring narrowing to break the crust
formed by saturation by snow water
and spring rains, the supplying of nj
trogen by summer following, growing
of legumes or by supplying manure,
rotation and livestock are all factors
in the success of dry farmers. A
loose top surface, composed of par
ticles ranging in size from pea to a
small marble, is better moisture con-
server than dust mulch, and affords
a more free access of air. Tillage
cannot create moisture, but it can
store it and make it available for
plant growth when needed. The IT.
rigator supplies water when needed
by raising his headgates. In applying
it the air is necessarily driven out
of the soil, and a crust formed that
results in the loss of much Of the
moisture he has applied. The dry
farmer is teaching him the benefits
of cultivation as compared to over
irrigation. The dry farmer who has
a 20 inch rainfall probably has as
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03

called sand vetch, is good crop for
early forage. Several people have
complained, however, that hogs do
not like the crop to hog off when it
is maturing, claiming that the feed
has peculiar taste which hogs do
not relish. However, the vetch, when
properly innoculated, does very well
in this section and it will make a
considerable quantity of feed. We
have never made tests as to its value
for hogging off while in an advanced
stage of maturity and we are not
able to give any definite information
as to like or dislike for the crop on
the part of the hog. This however
should be considered before planting
any large area of the crop for feed.
| With vetch seed at IA to 18 cents
per pound, the crop is more or less
prohibitive to grow. 1t lends itself
we'll to seed production and it is en-
tirely probable that more money
could be made from the crop for seed
than for hog feed.
All the above crops are grown in
the various rotations on the Aberdeen
Experiment station. All results so
far indicate that for any reasonable
or paying crop of the annual crops,
summer fallow must be used. With
the perennial crops like alfalfa and
sweet clover, planting must be made
in wide rows to prevent moisture
competition.
1T will be noted that all but one
of these crops are Iegumes. The odd
one, rye, l., also Considered of some
value as a sol, enovatcr. The le-
gumes return nitrogen to the soil and
being deep rotted plants, open up
the subsoil for penetration of roots of
the cereals and others not given to
vigorous deep roofing as are the
clovers and alfalfas.
with all the information available
for the production of these various
crops it will be useless to recommend
that crops be grown every year on
the dry land. With an average of but
9.83 inches precipitation at Aberdeen
for the past four years, the problem
Is not what crops to grow but how
often to plant them to make a sue
cess with them. We know that con-
nous planting of wheat will not do,
and at this time with our new soil, it
is largely because of lack Of suf-
ficient moisture and not necessarily
plant food, which is the cause thereof.
1--WE are working on these rota-
lions with that very object in view
of finding one which will work out |
possibly with two crops out of three |
years farming or three out of five.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03

rock to depth of from five to Is
feet, and was sluiced into place with
water pumped from the river and
delivered through two-inch nozzle.
The face CT the fill was paved to a
depth of 18 inches and on this was
spread a layer of disintergrated rock
and soil.
At the south end of the dam a
tunnel was excavated through the
basalt for distance of 200 feet with
open cut at each end. The floor Of
this tunnel Is on the level with the
bottom of the river and has cross
section of 9x10 feet. The tunnel is
lined throughout with concrete and
the flow in controlled by two coffin
gates in addition to which an emer-
bency gate has boon installed Is feet
In front Of the main gates.
At the north end of the dam a
spill-way was excavated through the
rock, having width Of so feet and
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03

much water for the use of plants az
the irrigator who has 40 inches, be-
cause through failure to cultivate
the irrigator permits so much of his
moisture to escape through evapora-
ton. .
Water can be stored to a great
depth and still be available. The
small feeding roots OF wheat pene-
trate to a depth of nine feet, oats
seven, barley five and a half. peas
| five, potatoes two and half and
beans two. Alfalfa roots go down
Is or 20 feet. The moisture that is
available depends upon the depth the
roots go, or the extent to which
water stored below the root growth
rises to meet them. Soil conditions
| largely determine this. Moisture will
leak through a gravelly subsoil and
become lost. A clay subsoil or hard
pan prevents the downward flow and
makes it possible with proper sur
face tillage to retain moisture be-
tween the mulch and the clay deposit
sufficient to mature good crop.
Moisture also flows sidewise, and
small hard spot on the surface will
constantly drain the soil through
evaporation of considerable area
surrounding it.
Dry farming by many is little I'M
derstood and is regarded in the light
of an innovation. 1t My working
in harmony with natures laws. When
these are understood and applied the
elements of risk and ncertainty will
be largely removed. frost and rain
fall cannot be regulate but their eff
fects can be mitigat' Conditions
compel the dry farne' to study ma
lures laws, and he ray rightfully
be considered the rally scientific
farmer. He delves often natures
truths and applies thA1 where they
are understood. It is this FAC. i..vI.
that enables him to com. 'ete ,';;;t3 the
irrigator and The knowledge gained
will even ually make the great plains
of IdahJ that cannot He artincally
supplied with moisture a land of
prosperou' homes. In order to
achieve this end without delay, lib
eral financial aid must be given to
farmers. Soil is the one universal
asset. Farm products in the United
States amount to the enormous sum
of ten billions of dollars per annum,
more than three times the value of
all the real money in the United
States and six times the amount on
deposit in all the banks. It is high
time that more attention should be
given to financing the farmer. Prac-
tically all legislation pertaining to
finance has been for the benefit of
manufacturing and commercial in
terests. The American farmer should
be supplied with money on as favor
able terms as the business man or
manufacturer, and it's up to the legis-
lature of Idaho to solve this problem.
Given this aid, and supplying our
boys and girls with a knowledge of
the chemical properties that 60 to
make up fertile soil, and how to
conserve or supply them If lacking
will bring unbelievable prosperity to
all lines Of business. There is no
more interesting study than this
none more profitable, and I hope the
day is not far distant when soil
chemistry will be taught in every
public school in Idaho.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03

This office has been making in.
quiries of the government to find ou'
what the dry farmer can do to pro-
vide feed for hogs in the latter part
of the winter, and in spring and early
summer. Something inexpensive that
will be improving tho soil and have
hogs in fine condition to turn on the
stubblcc. The following article sup
piled by L. c. Aicners, in charge OF
the experimental farm ct Aberdeen is
our best answer:
There are five things you can use
for the purpose of pasture for hogs
on dry land. Winter rye hogged off
in the spring; alfalfa md clover
(sweet) hogged off in spring; winter
vetch and peas hogged off in the
spring.
1.-The first of the CROPS to be avail
able in the spring for forage will be
the alfalfa. On dry land in this
country bingham cot nty) alfalfa
should be planted in 21-inch rows for
forage production. Narrower plant
ing than this will cause too much
competition for moisture among the
plants and growth will 10 very short
and the pasture will not last very
long. .-.,...s.
Sweet clover Will follow the alfal-
ia pasture as it comes out later in
the spring. Two weeks difference
in time of early spring growth has
been noted on this station. How. yer
it grows much faster after growth
starts. This crop is also best planted
in 21-inch rows for forage produc-
ton.
Following the alfalfa and clover
crops, the rye crop comes in for g.
ging down. This crop should be
planted in every drill row at about
two pecks to the acre Some vario-
ties require two and q half peclls.
This crop is hocged off in the green
stage before seed IS formed.
'Tn the thee above mentioned
crops it will be necessary to supple
ment those green feeds with grain to
make properly balanced ration for
normal growth of the hog.
Vetch and peas como in about the
same time. An early variety of peas
can be planted to hasten along this
kind of feed. A lator variety can
be planted on the same date thus car
rying along the feeding season Of the
peas until wheat harvest is on. The
pea crop lends itself to this kind
of manipulation better than any other
kind of forage for the dry lands. 1t
is the best crop for hogging off which
we possess at this time. 1t has an
over the three first crops
in that the feed contains
a fairly balanced ration as the crop
is hogged off when the peas are in
the "hard-dough" stage. At this
stage of growth of the plant the vines
as we'll as the peas are eaten by the
hogs, thus supplying the carbohydrate
and protein feeds. Peas for this pur-
pose are planted in 81 or 28-inch
rows. When planted in 21-inch rows
single rows are planted. In the 81
inch planting 1t Is best to plant two
rows seven inches apart and then
skip % inches and plant two rows
again and so on. On the dry land
peas are planted ut from 40 to SO
pounds to the acre. An ordinary
grain drill will plant all the varieties
If field peas without cracking them,
with the exception of the big seed
varieties known as the Marrowfat
ypes. Planting should be done in
April as soon as the ground can be
worked up.
"Hairy vetch or winter vetch, often ,
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03

Hanks and William B. Granden; con-
crete Foreman Mr.. s. P. Sorenson;
Ditch Foreman Messrs, Thomas Bar
nett and Leland Pope; and the re-
spective ditch and concrete crews.
In the spring and fall many addition
al teams, teamsters, and laborers are
employed.
Considering the project has only
been completed since 1912, the ad-
vancement in the number of acres
of land under cultivation is quite re-
markable. This year there were IA,
1853 acres actually under cultivation
and 1913 acres ploughed but not IN
der cultivation. Next year it is ex-
pected that the 10000 mark will be
reached.
The ceded portion of the project
which has in all $4,000 acres this
year had 1856 under cultivation.
OF this crop there were 1888 acres
Of alfalfa, 1912 acres Of wheat and
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03

, production of crops, both as to yield
and quality, and have a lesson for
every farmer, whether he irrigates
or not Cultivation is replacing fri
cation on large acreas and making
possible the successful tillage of our
arid regions. A combination of the
two--irrigation and cultivati0n-is
the ideal condition and our dry farm
ers are demonstrating that cultiva-
ton is not less important than irri-
cation. Dry farming methods are
producing splendid yields with less
than half the moisture during the
entire year that many irrigators be-
lieve is absolutely necessary during
the months of May to September
alone.
Dry farming IS science based up
on proper cultivation and rotation
Science is not dependent upon late
spring and summer precipitation, al
though these are beneficial If condi-
tions are right. But If they compact
the surface and set up evaporation,
by bringing the moisture from be-
low to the compacted surface, more
moisture will escape in vapor form
than the storms add and injury
rather than benefit will result. Mois-
ture is prime essential to crop pro-
duct;oc and the first consideration of
the dry farmer Instead of supplying
it through bitches, he plows deep and
creates reservoir that will take p
and hold fall and spring rains and
the SHOWS of winter. He plows when
the soil Is moist and Immediately
harrows to make the top few inches
loose and porous. This treatment
prevents evaporation, holds the mois-
ture slightly below the surface and
gives access to the air. Sould rains
come sufficient to run this top dress
ing together, the land is thoroughly
narrowed to restore loose, clodiy
mulch, and the moisture that fell is
added to that already in the soil.
Should weeds appear, they are de-
stroyed by cultivation, usually with
harrow. 1t takes more water to
mature a Russian thistle than an ear
of corn or a bundle of wheat. A
heavy growth of weeds on summer
fallow land will practically exhaust
oil tuO ulOIoIuIC Iudt ~ Ill IL, bO LHdI
a good part of successful dry farming
consists in keeping the fields free
from weeds.
Summer following is IN essential
to success. By this means the pre-
cipitation of two seasons is made
available for the production of one
crop. 1t enables the soil to accumu-
late nitrogen from the air, as well,
and nitrogen is the element lacking
in our arid soils. The mineral salts
we have in abundance, ss many fri
gators have learned to their sorrow.
can be supplied by growing
peas and other legumes, and
this will be the next advance in dry
farming Within the next few years
Idaho dry farms will be producing
one good crop of alfalfa hay and one
crop of seed, and PEAS will be grown
enough to feed a large
bunch of hogs on every dry farm.
Different crops use different proper
tons of the stored plant foods, and
the continuous growing Of one crop
will eventually rob the soil of the
elements upon which 1t feeds. Con-
tinued success therefore is depend
ant upon a proper system of rotation |
and rotation requires a market which |
IAN only be supplied by livestock on
The farm. The growing of other
crops than wheat on our dry farms
will not only encourage livestock
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03
FALL WHEAT THRIVING

Charles L. Dial, of West Firth. has
As acres of fall wheat that is up
and growing. 1t will not be watered
at all. and he confidently expects a
profitable crop. This year he had
so acres and threshed only 10 bus
hels per acre, but he has improved
on his methods.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03
SOME GOOD OATS

Frank Just, of Presto, reports hav-
ing A acres of oats that threshed
SO bushels per acre. Mr.. Just says
that aside from that he had nothing
on his farm excepting that
he fights weeds successfully and
keeps them down.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-12-03

P. G. Christensen, Riverside: Beets
four acres, about IS tons, stored
them for the hogs; potatoes, IA
acres, 200 sacks per acre; Canadian
field peas. so bush els.
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1915-12-20

I'VE have received many compll.
ments on u Christmas supplement
There is nothing in the world SO
gratifying as ar expression OF appreci
alton Of ones efforts, and nothing
which will SO stimulate a person Ia
greater effort. We are going to make
another effort some day, one which
Will require months of hard work, and
which we believe will prove of greater
value to the community. II will be
devoted to the advertising of Elko
County's resources, and will be pro
fusely issustrated with agricultural
scenes. harvesting scenes, mountain
scenes, mines, towns, blooded cattle,
etc. II will contain from $50 to zoo
pages and every section Of the county
Will be covered. Elko county has
wonderful and opportunities
just such as are being sought by hun,
dreds Of persons with capital to In,
vest.
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1915-12-20
THE ~REPENTANT
ICEMAN.

We don't know just what to make
of n story from Moundsville, w. Va.
II is were summer, we'd suspect it of
being merely a variation of the an
cient iceman joke. But in the win.
ter?
Anyhow, 1t Is soberly reported that
one day lately a mysterious man went
about from house to house through.
out the town of Moundsville, with a
high collier turned up about his face
and a cap drawn down over his eyes,
giving away money. He had apparent.
ly an unlimited supply of silver and
bills, and carried a list of names and
figures which he checked off one by
one as he proceeded.
AT every house the stranger tersely
told his tale. He used TO be an ice,
man, and he had overcharged the lady
OF the house for ice delivered years
ago. He wanted to make reparation.
He handed the astonished housekeep-
er a sum ranging anywhere from ten
cents TO several dollars. Altogether,
the people figured. when they com
pared notes later, he must have given
away several hundred dollars. And
nobody recognized him.
Suppose you tell that % your ice.
man, and see what he says about it.
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1915-12-20
APPLICATION NO.. 37o5
Notice Of Application for Permission
to Appropriate the Public Waters of
the State Of Nevada.


Notice is hereby given hat on the
18th day of November, 1915, in &C.
cordance with Section So, Chapter 40
Of the Statutes of 1913, one w. B
Griffith of Tuscarora, County of Elko,
and State of Nevada made application
to the State Engineer Of Nevada for
permission to appropriate the public
waters of the State of Nevada. Such
appropriation Is to be made from Jar
rett Creek, at a point in the SWh oil
NWA Of Sec. IL, II. 40 N. Il. So E..
NJ. ID. u. &c NJ. by means of a dam
and 4-1Oths of n cubic feet per sec.
ond is to be conveyed to the SEh OF
NEA and NBA of SEA- of Sec. II,
t. 40 N. r. So E., M. d. B. G. NJ, by
means Of bitches and there used for
irrigation purposes from March 18th
until September 18th of each year.
Water not to be returned to stream.
w NJ. KEARNEY,
State Engineer
First publication Dec. 6, 1915.
Date of last publication Jan. 7, 1915
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1915-12-20
NOTICE TO cREpITons

In the District Court Of the Fourth
the undersigned, Harry A. Hillman,
was, by an order OF the District Court
OF the Fourth JUDICIAL District Of the
judicial District OF the state of Ne.
vada, In and for the County Of Elko.
In the matter or the estate OF WILL
LAM STEVENS HILLMAN. Deceased.
NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN that
State Of Nevada, in and for the County
OF Elko, duly made and entered on
the Gard day of November, A. ID. 1915,
appointed executor Of the estate of
William Stevens Hillman, Deceased,
and that lie has qualified as such e.
ecutor.
NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN to all
persons having claims against said
estate to file TIE same. with the sta
tutory affidav.ts and vouchers at
tached, with me Clerk of the above
entitled count within three months of
the first publication Of this notice, or
such claims will be forever barred.
Dated at Elko. Nevada, this 23rd
day of November, A. ID. 1915.
HARRY HILLMAN,
Executor Of the Estate of Will
lam Stevens Hillman, Deceased.
CANTWELL & CARVILLE. Elko. Ne
vada, Attorneys for Executor.
Date of first publication Nov. 20. 1915.
Date of last publication Dec. 81, 1915