davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

near very much as stunted and de-
formed cedars might LOOK. between
the main entrance to the grounds ana
the executive offices grow cedars or
Lebanon, Cephalonian frs, European
larches and specimens OF the Whlte pine
of the United States, the sugar pine OIL
the western part of the United states,
long-leaf pine from the southern states,
Bull pine, Norway spruce. white and
scarlet Japanese ounce and the purple
leaf plum tree from Persia.
Not far away are several specimens
of the glorious and handsome tree of
Japan. called "the tree of the sun,
which is really a beautiful form of
arbor vitae. Grouped with the tree OF
the sun are south Europe box trees,
black spruce from the northeastern
states, American arbor vitae, Allcock
spruce from the orient, yellow-wood.
with smooth bark and beachlike foil
age, and the Japanese redbud, or tree
of Judas, which at this season is not
covered, as in early spring, by a pink
and snowy infiorescence, but by
strengthening pods, which strongly
somewhat f1atter than a well filled pod.
Among all these trees is one which
many persons think is the most beau
tiful tree in the world, and its name
IS the American incense ceQdT. us
green is strikingly dark and rich and
it's foliage grows in fattened masses,
as though each bough had been care
fully pressed. 1t towers above group
of white red and Carolina cedars To
write the varieties of BIRCH. willow.
oak, locust, elder and poplar growing
in the grounds of the Department of
Agriculture would be like reproducing
a page from the encyclopedia on trees.
In the grounds one also finds a rare
group of magnolias, and Washington
is quite familiar with them when they
are in bloom, in the early spring.
Among these trees are the Lennie mag
nolia, the long-leaf magnolia. the bull
bay, sculange magnolia. umbrella mag
nolia, the purple magnolia from China
and Japan, Norbert magnolia. sweet
magnolia and the cucumber magnolia.
Then there is a pearl bush from China.
the cloud-loving podocarpus from the
Andes of Chile. the plum fruited yew
from China and Japan and a number
of varieties of yew which call to mind
the churchyards of England and Ire
land.
There is also grove of naples, in
GLIDING the field maple of England. the
dwarf maple and that maple Of the
crimson leaf from Japan. There is also
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

sticks used in imparting the wonderful
polish to those old portraits of our
grandparents.
'Now here are the talbotype mega
tives,' continued the custodian, stroll
ing to another case. These are SO
named from the inventor of the photo
graphic negative, H. Fox Talbot, who in
1910 showed photographs printed from
negatives. This was one of the most
valuable inventions in photography, for
while one beautiful picture could be
made from a daguerreotype plate, any
number could be produced from mega
tive.
Mr.. Talbot was wealthy English
man, who dabbled in photography as a
scientific pastime, but his results in
the early forties of the last century
you can see by these photographs. The
whole case is devoted to pictures re-
produced from negatives made by Tai
bot, and nothing could be better than
these fine prints of the interior and
exterior of his beautiful English home,
Lacock Abbey.
How did l get them? ! wrote to a
friend in London, H. Snowden Ward,
editor of the Photograph, telling him of
my desire for some talbotypes for this
collection. My letter was forwarded to
the late Mr.. Talbot's son, who sent
these thirty-fve representative exam
Piles of his fathers work. Talbot was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

the author of the first book illustrated
by photographs. There it is, The Pen
Gil of Nature dated 1874.
They attempted some ambitious
things in those old days. See, in this
case is a forty-inch panoramic view Of
San Francisco harbor, taken in 1852.
showing fourteen hundred sailing YES
sells standing idle and actually rotting,
because the sailors had all deserted for
the gold digginSs. Look at this unique
device, a sterecscopic daguerreotype
case. 1t was presented by the patentee,
Henry, first secretary of the Smith
gave it to US.
dainty portraits are photographs on Wit
ri1ied enamel You see that when they
are tinted they look very much like real
miniatures. They would doubtless have
become more popular had they been less
expensive. You will recognize in this
largest medallion the monument to
Dasuerre which stands in the museum
grounds. That monument is part of this
Photographic collection and was given
by the National Photographic AsSocia-
ton in 1890, when it held its sessions in
this building. This entire collection of
enameis was made by the inventor of
the process-Lafon de Camarsac. The
set was obtained for me In London by
Mr. Foxlee, at one time editor Of the
British Journal of Photography.
do you remember when men went
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

tie pinhole picture OF a minute parasite
magnified many degrees by the simple
process Of transmitted light, and see at
this end the photograph on ivory for
miniature painting as it was commonly
done forty years ago
These next cases represent the diff
ferent printing papers. and we have
brought together in them the finest
specimens obtainable., That head, done
in the carbon process, looks like a
Rembrandt. 1t is a direct photogrh phi
of a workingman, by J. w. Swan. and
stands for the highest attainment in
artistic photography. There are some
good examples by Peunoy. That plati
mum print of La Heine.' by Moore of
Philadelphia represents high artistic
sense with fine technical knowledge of
photography as well.
This case represents the work of the
late H. p. Robinson. an Englishman,
who has been called the father of pic
torial photography Note the study
of the two girls. Taken with diffu-
sion lens, you see no technical details.
Observe the hair, how it is massed; you
cannot separate it, as in ordinary pho
Biography. Mr.. Robinson sold many of
his prints for as high as $500 each, and
then he broke the negatives to give the
purchasers exclusive pictures.
THE fine photographs occupying the
next case were selected entirely by AL
fred Stieglitz of New York. the man
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

IN HE intention of the government
to create national arboretum
in the upper part of Rock Creek
Park recalls the apparently little
known fact that already the trees that
grow in Washington constitute vast
arboretum, though the fact that the
trees are so scattered detracts from the
interest and value of the collection.
1t has been said that a feature of the
National Capital and one which dlstln-
gushes it above other cities is Its
wealth of foliage and multitude of
tree forms. 1t is not only in the eX-
tent of it's urban woodland that Wash
ington stands first among cities, but
also in the number of varieties or
trees. Washington has often been
called by those persons VINO nave all
eye and fancy for tree life great ar
boretum. Northern and southern. east
ern and western, lowland, highland,
marsh and mountain forms OF trees
grow in the streets, parks and gar
dens
1t is no doubt true that the part of
the city where the greatest number or
tree families are represented is the
park which surrounds the buildings of
the Department of Agriculture. me
place where the next greatest number
of tree forms may be seen is either
the National Botanic Garden. which
seems to be on the eve of removal to
another situation, Or the Caplto!
grounds. There was an effort, and
rather a successful effort, to gather In
the Capitol grounds specimens of most
of the trees of the United States when
could endure the climate of this latl-
tude.
There is a very large collection of
conifers in Washington, and 1T may be
agreeable to the layman to know that
conifers are cone-bearing trees, like the
pines, cedars, frs, spruces, etc. great
variety of these trees are growing IN
the grounds of the Department of Ag-
riculture.
Standing like tall sentinels on either
side of the main entrance to the old
executive building of the department
are two Chinese water pines. This Is
rare tree in the United States, but sew
eral are to be seen in Washington out
side of the Agricultural grounds. One
stands in Dupont Circle, and others may
be noted here and there in the public
reservations about the city. This tree
resembles closely. in form, color and
leaf, the cypress.
In depression in the Agricultural
grounds to the north of the water pines
is clump of tamarisk trees. which ap-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

ed, he sees to be no less than the hero
ism of soldiers. In December, 1910, he
set apart s1O,OO0,00O for the promotion
of the cause of peace, and through the
organization known as the Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace,
has opened many new lines Of work.
More recently, in February, 1914, he
established a church peace union for
work among religious bodies, endow-
ing it with S2,000,000.
In the face of the war now raging
among the world powers of Europe.
many Americans are holding to their
vision of international peace. They are
already at work preparing for recon
struction to be carried out along lines
already advocated and are implorins
that mankind will learn lesson from
the present war and insist that 1t De
the last.
The Woman's peace party Of Amer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
History Of Photography Shown in Museu

FOHIS is the age of the immediate
result. and photography is one
il of the most interesting imme-
q diate results of the age. In this
! century of progress photography has
kept pace with the best of scientific de-
velopment and can make a showing of
large achievement in the hundred years
OF it's life.
The National Museum has almost
completed and has now on view the
one comprehensive. permanent historf-
cal exhibit of the development of pho
Biography since it's beginning. This sec
ton of photography occupies the north
west gallery in the old National Mu-
scum building. and it is so admirably
arranged that the progress of photog-
raphy may be traced with ease. There
is no superb bundance of material.
therefore no crowding. and the cases
contain just enough to make a com
plete and artistic display of each pc
Rod or phase of the science without
wearying the eye with multiplicity of
objects and detail
The collection and it's arrangement
have been the work of Il. w. Smiliie,
custodian of. the section of photog
for thirty-fve years has been gather
ing together everything of Importance
in photography which has been avail
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

able. with the view of completing an
exhibit worthy of the national scope
: of the institution.
THE exhibit is chronologically ar
ranged said Mr. Smillie as he con-
Quoted recent visitor through the
gallery. I'VE have in the first case
the oldest picture making machine the
world knows, the camera obscura.
which existed in primitive form 500
years before Christ, when it was used
by Euclid in his scientific experiments.
Again, in the eleventh century, AL
hazen notes esome of the principles of
the dark chamber. but does not de-
scribe it as 4 whole. 1t is still in use
in this more or less primitive form as
something of toy. You can see one
today in Central Park, New York.
where the objects are thrown on a Ia
BILE, to the great amusement of thou
sands of sightseers. This primitive
camera is yet used for tracing, and
here is a model employed for the pur-
pose and patented as late as 1875.
'aThe camera obScura was first used
in photography proper by Thomas
Wedgwood, who, in 1902, produced sill
houettes in white on black ground by
the use of paper sensitized with a So
luton of silver nitrate. Here is an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

lea. an indigenous organization like
the first peace society, has been the di-
rect outcome of the war in Europe
and marks the first great organized
entrance of women in to the field. A
great international peace congress is to
be held at San Francisco October 10.
IL and II. This congress will take
the place of the Vienna congress which
was to have been held a the time when
the war began. The speakers who
hav been secured are Senator Henri
La, Fontaine of Belgium, one of the
recipients of the Nobel prizes; Ali Kuli
Khan of Persia, the charge d'afHaires
of the Persian legation at Washington.
and Theodore Marburg of California.
president of the League to Enforce
Peace.
The meeting will mark the latest eff
fort among peace societies and the
stage of its action, like that of the
initial movement for the realization OF
world peace, will be set on American
soil.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
DAVID Low DODGE.
Father of the peace movement.

taken the place of the judicial COM
bat"
The words of the college-bred Maine
farmer, William Ladd, are illustrative
of the sentiments of the founders of
what is known today as the worlds
most commanding cause. From sim
gle society there came unification of
societies which spread all over the
country, in every state and city of the
Union. Its membership today ranges
from school children to diplomats, and
of the world.
The first international peace congress
practically originated through the eff
forts of the society. At meeting in
Boston in 1S41 of it's most active MEM
bers, a suggestion was made by Joseph
Surge of England, visitor from the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22


friendly correspondence with the other
societies which were springing into ex-
istence.
Thirteen years of pioneer work fol-
lowed. Then this society. which con-
sidered war "as the greatest temporal
evil, generating in it's prosecution every
immortality, and with tendency of
infinitely greater cause for distress
that of running immortal souls"
merged with the other societies in the
creation of the American Peace So
ciety, formally organized May s, 1928.
At the first annual meeting of the
new society David Dodge presided, and
among the men who were drawn into
active cooperation were John Green
leaf Whittier, Charles Sumner, Will
liam Jay and many others who were
representatives of nearly all the FAM
lily names connected with the early his
tory of the country.
William Ladd from whom sprang the
suggestion for national society be-
came the first corresponding secretary
of the American Peace Society and
continued to the present day under the
title Advocate of Peace. The theories
which he enunciated are so closely
allied to those which great writers on
the present time that the Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace is
having one of his essays reprinted to
be used as peace propag anda litera-
ture.
In his most notable work, Essay on
Peace" he puts forth with remarkable
foresight and understanding several
suggestions for the solution of the
problem. He says: There are three
ways whereby disputes among indi-
yidual nations may be .avoded-the
first. by cultivating a spirit of peace
by which injuries are passed by with
an appeal to the moral sense of the
nation infiicting the injury: second by
formally discussed and settled by
reparation or compromise. The last
resort is war, which commonly in
creases instead of remedyins the evil.
There is plan more likely to in
sure Justice than any of these. The
left with the individuals concerned.
but with an impartial tribunal. if the
safety. happiness and improvement of
the race is to be assured. IF it was
desirable for individuals, bodies polite
and small, Independent tribes to unite
dence, why is 1T not equally desirable
for nations to do the same?"
The formation of congress and
his prophetic, constructive idea, and
he has the temerity to look forward
to a time when moral power, which
is every day increasing in a geometr-
cal ratio, will finally take the place of
all war between civilized nations in
the same manner that civil court has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

English organization which has been
co-existent with the American society,
for an oversee meeting. The subject
was taken up, and as a result in 1S43
the great congress in Exeter Hall, Lon
don, was attended by 337 delegates, Of
whom thirty-Seven were Americans.
The subsequent and more representa-
tive congresses at Brussels in 1874 and
in Paris in 1S45, at which Victor Hugo
presided over a delegation of 1000, are
testim onials to the enthusiasm and
growth of public opinion which had
been aroused.
Congresses at nearly every world
capital and metropolis followed. reach
ing climax at the second Hague con-
nations were represented, when An
drew Carnegie. an advocate of world
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
II P ROBIN


who can make a beautiful picture out
of seemingly impossible subject. Who
but he would select broken-down
horse car and make of it a pleasing and
artistic composition? Four of the
prints here are his work. Here is one
by Gertrude kasebier and one by
Frances Benjamin Johnston. This Won
derful portrait is larger than life size,
you see. and is not an enlargement,
but a direct print from the original
negative. 1t is the largest photograph
in the collection and is the work of
w. S. Lively, president of the Southern
School of Photography. l s-sked him
for a specimen of his work and he sent
me this framed Portrait of An Old
Man.
This center case represents the
Harris collection of portrait photogra-
ply and it makes very artistic show
ing. The professional portrait pho
tographer has made great strides with
in the last twenty years. All nine of
these are not only portraits out real
pictures
'Now we come to the moving pictures
and show the process and development
of this popular phase of photogra ply
There is the zootrope, the first motion
picture machine of which we have
knowledge. 1t was the toy of our
youth. Muybridge was probably the
first man who made motion pictures to
any considerable extent. There are
number of examples of his early work,
and We have the whole series of the
models of motion picture cameras and
projectors invented by C. Francis Jen-
kins.
THE museum includes in it's extern
sive Photographic exhibit a splendid
astronomical display. These large
photographs show the total eclipse of
the sun in 1900, made by the Smith
sonian eclipse expedition at Wades-
boro, n. G. Note these very early and
very interesting photographs of the
moon by Rutherford, and the solar
spectrum by the same scientist, both
made in 1865.
This wall case is filled with a SPLEEN
did exhibit by the Harvard University
Observatory, and this other is the ex-
hibit made by the Carnegie Institution
of Washington, and shows some of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

work of it's observatory at Mount Will
son, California. Look at those beauti-
full prints of spiral nebulae. These
took from five to nine hours exposure.
Think of the delicacy of the apparatus
which manipulates telescope and
camera.
Now in this case you see X-ray
photographs of parts of the human
body and one of a fish showing per-
fectly its minute bony system. This
was the work of my chief assistant.
Miss l.. Bernie Gallaher. Here are
disease germs, mostly by DIR. Flexner
of the Rockefeller Institute, and from
the same source you see the photo
graphs of live tissue of chicken.
which is continuing to live and grow
on a silk screen after the chicken il
dead.
I'm this end case we have specimens
of color photography representing the
Lippman process, and MacDonough's
and JOYS, the Woods diffraction
grating process. as well as the auto
chrome process. We shall very soon
have installed in this opposite case a
stereomotorgraph, in which there will
be shown great many lantern slides
in all of the various color processes.
1t will run automatically and continu-
ously, so that the visitor to the mu-
scum may see it in progress at any
and all times.
'As to picture making machines and
their appurtenances, we have a repre-
sentative exhibit, from the camera OBJ
Scura in the first case to the latest
automatic device on the latest camera.
There is a machine which turns out
5000 bromide prints day and a case
of shutters of every pattern. There
is the huge lens which the celebrated
photographer, Brady, used in making
his series of civil war pictures. 1t is
SO large that people called it his big
gum but it was necessary to secure
the amount of light required for the
rapid exposures he was compelled to
make.
I'VE do not consider the exhibit any,
where near complete, as you see there
are many blanks yet to be filed con-
cluded Mr.. Smillie. but as it stands
1T represents a very fair outline of the
history of photography"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

Comprehensive Development
Exhibit Worthy National Scope the Chonocay
Photography Earliest Dyhe
in
l. M
Devoted t Moving
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

F1Wo-THIRDs of the history OF
mankind has been the history
of the great destroyer-war. A
q continuous line of poets from
Homer to Tennyson has sung its glo-
ries. Music, painting and sculpture
have each exerted their influence to
cast glamour around it's bloody deeds.
Volumes of Mars scriptures have been
taught against one volume of peace,
and perhaps the press has never dealt
in military illusions and illustrations
more freely than at the present time.
Yet dreams of peace-and world
peace. at that-have harbored in the
thoughts of men. The present genera
ton within the span of it's life has
seen these dreams become realities in
the form of international congresses
for the discussion of world peace and
international courts of arbitration
Despite the war raging in Europe,
men and women are still holding to
their visions and advocating the prn-
ciples of peace with greater force than
they have ever before summoned as
the only action which can determine
the pOllcy OF the future.
In view of the fact that the United
States at the present time is the only
first-class power not enmeshed in the
slough of war. the national sense of
qualification might be heightened We're
it more prevaiently known that this
country was the scene of the first rise
of definite peace agencies. Peace so
cieties, which now exist in every civil
lied country of the world, all had their
inception in the work of small band
of fearless Americans who had faith
enough to put their theories into cir
culation in their attempt to convert
hopes into realities.
They are heard of just one hundred
wears ago, when, in 1915. during the
month of August. in New York city,
the first peace society of the world was
New York Peace Society" Without
concert of mutual knowledge similar
societies were organized in Ohio and
Massachusetts, before the close of the
year, so that IL may be said without
exaggeration that 1915 was the year OF
the uprising of pacification.
Interest centers around the men who
started these new and unpopular So
and general Indifference, for to them
belongs the honor of having initiated
the development of a phase of modern
thought.
<
The father of the peace movement
was David Low Dodge. wealthy citi-
zen of New York. who founded the
first peace society of the world and
who became it's first president He was
the father of William L. Dodge. a
noted American philahthropist and
head Of the national arbitration COM
mittee appointed in 1896, and was born
at the time when the country was in
the midst of the American revolution
His next door neighbor was Israel Put
nam, the Connecticut patriot, and
through close association with the hor.
rors of the war atmosphere he became
alive to the full intensity and mean.
ing of the term. Such expressions a.
There is blood flowing some here to-
day" and Souls are passing into eter
nifty at this moment uttered by mem
bers of his family fastened themselve!
in his memory. When in later life
he wrote invectives against the prac
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

David Lodge the Father of the Peace Movement Organ
New York This Month the Founder First
dntF Ideas the Society and Plans Outlined by the Members
War-F1ow Movement Has Spread During One Hundred Years.