Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1915-08-03

ing requisitioned in some of tae
cOutrieS of war. In some instances
great numbers of automobiles have
been utilized for rapid transportation
Of troops. Their main service, how,
ever, is in the handling of food sup.
plies and ammunitions. Armoured
automobiles, armed with machine
guns or light field pieces also have
been utilized.
New Weapons.
Many new weapons Of war have
been tested with varying degrees Of
success. Poisonous gases, projected
from tanks in the trenches, are re-
ported to nave enabled 'hcir uses to
capture opposing positions i'll several
minor engagements. Steel darts and
i%ncendiary bombs dropped from aer-
%oplanes, and new types Of hand
grenade3 also have been employed,
while in France both sides are said
to have made use Of apparatus for
spraying burning oil.
The political effects of the war,
tremendous as they must be, cannot
yet be gagged. The principal result
thus far is the definite rupture Of the
traditional alignment, whicl divided
Europe for years into two alliances
with a theoretical balance Of power;
Great Britain, France and Russia,
forming the Triple Entente and Ger
many, Austria Hungary and Italy,
constituting the Triple Alliance
From the day Austria-Hunsary be-
came involved in serious difficulties
with Serbia there was little Gouot
Germany would support her ally in
case Russia adhered to her tradition
al policy of defending her Slavic
kinsmen i'll the Balkans. The en-
trance in the war OF France followed
as a natural sequence to her alliance
with Russia and Great Britain Joined
in after Germany's invasion Of Eel.
GUM.
ItaIy's Position.
Italy was thus the only one of the
six nations concerned in the two al
liances which was not involved at
the outset. Proclaiming her neutral
ity, she utilized. tle opportunity to
seek from Austria the te%rritorv to
the north of her border which she
has long desired. Failing to obtain
full satisfaction of her demands she
denounced the Triple Alliance and
Joined tle Allies. The Triple En-
tente was thus converted into the
Q%uadruple Entente, as it is sc>me-
times called now. ~ a...
Germany and Austria, Hungary
were strengthened by the adhesion OF
Turkey to the informal alliance with
Germany which had sprung up i'll re-
cent years and in November Turkey
entered the war. Montenegro took
up arms with the Serbs, and EelgiGm
on being invaded, Joined the Allies.
japan, Great Britain's ally in the
east, opened war O Germany, fol-
lowing Berlin's refusal to surrender
Tsing-tau. There are thus eleven
nations now at war, OF which eight
form what are known as the Allies.
Historians are agreed that the as
sination of tle Austrian Archduke
Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bos-
MIA, on June 20, 1914, while the i'm.
mediate cause of the war, was not
the determining influence. Europe
had been on the edge Of the precipice
for a decade. Perhaps the chief I'M
DERIVING factor was the development
of the national idea, demanding tlat
political divisions should be made to
correspond with the territory in
habited Nv the various peoples OF
Europe; that each people, with cor
mon language and customs, should
have political independence and a
"place in tie SUM- The struggle to
attain this end kept Europe in politi-
cal turmail. France aspired for Al
SAGE and Lorraine, Italy for Triest
and the Trentino. populated largely
by Italians; Serbia for Bosnia, Ru-
mania for Pennsylvania and Bessar-
abba. Austria-Hungary, within whose
boundary is a completely of races
with varying claims and aspirations,
was particularly menaced by the
growth of this idea, and it was one