Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1915-09-03
A1UEWZHUOYWLNzESIOlxI- CUR 10
SMITH EH/1LY /h4N

!. !. !. !. !
- HERE are recorded at the present
ll>WNjI time for the southern twothirds of
81 Europe, including Mediterranean
IL Fl III Asia and Africa less than four
III III hundred paeolithic stations, that Is.
Ii 81 places where remains of one kind
III 81 II or another have been left behind
- by early man. This pri-
IL} marily hunter and his chief center
~ of activity appears to have been
what is southwestern France and northeast
ern Spain, although Germany. Austria, Italy, Bel
GUM, England, and to a lesser degree other coun-
tries, came within his range. This apparent dis
tribution may be deceptive, however. Many of
the stations out in the open for example
on the valley terraces of the Thames and the
Somme; but the majority of the Sites especially
those of later times sheltered in some way.
The shelter may consist merely of overhang-
ing cliff, it may be grotto yawning on the noun
tain side and 1t may be the far interior of cave.
This latter type of site it is relatively easy to find
by making deliberate search while the location
of an ancient camp workshop in the open
try is the result only of chance 1t is conceivable
of course that these roaming, migratory hunters
returned seasonally to the natural Shelters but
the other hand. it is possible that many of them
built huts-some of the geometric cave paintings
suggest that they did-and unless these huts stood
in very close proximity to sheltering cliff all
traces of the spot and it's relics would be lost.
Hence, we may properly take for granted that
hundreds OF archaeological stations will remain I'M
discovered. in consequence of which our notion
of the actual strength of the population at any
given place during these early millenniums of
human existence must continue imperfect IL not
Inadequate
AS need hardly be stated the presence of
natural habitations depends ordinarily on a high
relief or more or less mountainous topography.
Caves are most abundant in volcanic regions as
In the western United States, or in limestone
wealths Shelters notable features of steep
walled valleys or box-canyons and our own cliff
dweller region affords the best example of them
and their utilization In Europe the most famous
cave groups are located in the lower French
Pyrenees and their Cantabrian extension in north
ern SPAIN while the equally famous shelter region
includes short sections of the Vezere and Beune
valleys at Les Eyzies, in the French department
of Dordogne. Both regions are wonderfully pic
turesque and impressive and barring some alter
atoms in the fora they have not changed much
in general appearance since the arrival of paleo-
lithic man., These caves and shelters are all in
limestone formations and the results chiefly
of mechanical erosion Some of the caves, espe-
cially those of the lower attitudes are still in
process of making while others, well up on the
mountain sides, are very ancient-in fact we're in
their old age when man first entered them.
Roughly speaking the shelters proper, that is
the overhanging cliffs and the wide open grottoes
were the homes of paleolithic man and therefore
naturally furnish us with important data concern
ing his physical makeup. his practical ability,
and the general nature of his everyday life The
caves, the other hand. served him mainly as
galleries for a remarkable series of paintings en-
cravings and carvings, which in a measure reveal
to us his mental attitude toward life. The caves
1t must be understood. were exceedingly dark and
damp. ordinarily unfit for habitation except pos
sbly as temporary retreat during the hard win
ters. and contrarwise. the shelter walls, having
been exposed for thousands of years to the wealth
either paintings or delicate engravings that may
have been made upon them There are several
somewhat qualifying exceptions to these sweeping
statements however For instance the Gargas
cavern. near Montrejeau, France, and likewise the
Altamira cave, near Santander, Spain, appear to
have been occupied for protracted periods, al
though in both cases only very close to the en-
trance. On the other hand, some of the shelters
such as Cap Blanc near Les Eyzies France,
have preserved, mainly through accident fine
series of high relief sculptures. But as general
thing the camp sites in large half-open shell
tiers. usually facing the sun, while the entrances
to the painted caves face in any direction, and
for the most part are very small and inconspcu-
GUS. At Castillo only there is the perfect combi-
nations large, sunny grotto, which occupied
periodically throughout most of paeolithic times
and which served. besides as the yestibue to
considerable cave, famous for its mural art.
An examination OF the various Dordogne shell
tiers. coupled with study. OF the changing types
found in them is most instructive. Nearly all of
the stations here at the base Of the high
cliffs that hedge the narrow valleys on one or
both Sides but in few instances the relie-bear
ing debris lies on an eroded ledge some distance
up the face OF the protecting wall Almost within