davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

a chalky cliff 200 feet high, which
overlooks and guards both rivers.
The Celts built the first fortified.
tions on this strategic rock. They
called it Singidunum. The Romans
were the next posscsSors, and they
added TO the city's strength. The
Roman Empire fell TO pieces, and
Belgrade became a battlefield for
many races, CunyerginE from every
quarter of the compass. Huns, San
atoms, GOths and Gepids we're, in
turn. it's masters from the Attn to the
9Th century. The Emperor Justinian
brought it again under Roman rule,
fortified and improved il. 1t was
captured by Charlcmagne's Frankish
adventures, ovcrrun by Bulgars, re-
conquered for ByZantium, wrested
from the Greeks by the Hungarians,
and then battledored with rapid
changing fortunes of war, among
Greeks, Bulgars, Hungarians and
Germans.
In the 18th century the city was In
the hands of Seryian kings first, and
later was held by the Hungarians.
Then came the Turks. They waged
la number of unsuccessful campaigns
against the city, but finally it fell into
their hands in 1921, a prize for the
Sultan SuleimaI 1t practically re.
manned in the power of these masters
until 1867, bearing the brunt of every
attack upon the Ottoman from the
north and west. Internal dissen,
sions kept things lively, even when
Turkey was at peace with her neigh
lbors. The Turks called the city the
home of wars for faith"
Between the 18th and the 18th
centuries the Servian capital was
conquered a number of times. and be.
, sieged often. 1t, however, always
found its way back to Turkey, and
lalthough Servia practically became
independent in the early part of the
18th century, the Turkish garrison al
Belgrade was not withdrawn until
1867.
Belgrade is the governmental and
religious center, the center OF art and
culture, the financial, commercial and
foreign trade center of the Serviar
kingdom, and it is the kernel of the
Serbs national consciousness. Since
the withdrawal of the Turkish garri
son, it has blossomed out into a
modern city, with wide streets, cleo
trio lights, street cars, and parks and
other gay places of recreation. II
has earned its designation of little
Paris of the Balkans" for there is a
deal of finery, of Paris-imitated tone
in Belgrade; much of this however
due to poverty, is tawdry.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

The pens, one quill, the other a
common steel pen, used by Gen. v. S.
Grant and Gen. Robert {. Lee at the
surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.
the doing Which piece he later
brought as a relic to Col A. B. Law
renee in his office in the sheriff room
of the courthouse, also saying that he,
Mclean, had moved from Manassas,
Va, after the Bull Run battle, to es-
cape any more SUCH and to the safe
Appomattox Courthouse, Va, where
he had to endure the guying Of the
residents for running away, etc,
and was now glad that they had an
eye-opening experience of their own
in war terrOrs, and that it was his
vindication which he was glad to
have. Also, that the Bull Run battle
was fought mainly on his plantation,
on which was Bull Run ford, Black.
burn ford, Mclean ford, etc; that
General Beauregard used his INC
Lean's) home for his headquarters
during the battle, and wrote his or
ders and dispatches there on this
table or stand, and so Mclean says:
The war began on my plantation and
ended in my house on this table. Sc
| did not want to sell it, have hat
a hand in the beginning and the end
Of the war; and enough of it,
II have since learned that General
Sheridan gave the table to Mrs. Gen
eral Custer.
The certificate given me by ColoneI
Mclean about this table is on file with
my Appomattox Courthouse surren
der papers, where, under order Of
General Grant, acted as chief quar-
termaster of the United States forces
at Appomattox Courthouse, Va, from
April 8, 1865, until we retired to RICh
mond with effects.
"A. b. LAWRENCE,
Late Lieutenant Colonel U. s. V.
Twenty-fourth Army Corps, Army OF
the James"
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
Road Trouble Settled.

Dubuque, Feb. 9.-The stretch of
Eawkeye highway from Dubuque to
Dyersville, work on which was stop
ped last fall owing to a disagreement
between the government engineers
and members of the state highway
commission regarding grades and
bridges, will be completed. The diff
ferences were patched up at meet
ing held in Washington. The gov
eminent pays 100000 and Dubuque
county $4,000. Private capital and
the Illinois Central railway will as
sist to an extent, making the total
cost of the thirty-mile improvement
approximately $4,000.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
THE CITY OF BELGRADE.

Belgrade, The little Paris of the
Balkans" and perhaps the most
bombarded city of the present war
has probably seen more battles fought
under It's walls, and experienced the
surge, shock and eddies of war more
often than any other city in Europe,
Its whole story Is one of conflicts OF
races, religions and governments.
Belgrade has more than 1000
years OF history. and has had some
seventy generations OF seldom-idle
warriors. An important key TO the
Balkan lands on the north; point
dominating the traffic between the
upper and lower Danube; at one time
an outpost of Roman power; at an.
other time considered the KEY 20
Hungary; for five luckless centuries
situated ON the border land between
Moslems and Christians. and now a
Slovenian outpost. Belgrade never
since its foundation has been able TO
fesl any certainly about the NOR
rows peace.
The Seryian capital was founded I'm
the 3rd century before Christ upon a
triangular, rocky promontory at the
confluence OF the Save and Danube
rivers. II lies opposite the SIayon-
ian town of Senlin. in Hungary Up
on one side. the Danube. here about
1890 feet wide. divides tfrom Hun
gary, while the Save, 1850 feet wide,
bounds another foot of the triangle.
The ground OF the city is an unsym-
metrical razorback slipping abruptly
20 the west and more gently 70 the
east At the apex OF this triangle Is
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
PENS THAT ENDED
GREAT CIVIL WAR
Precious Historic Relics Used
by Generals Grant and Lee Are
Now Treasured IN
Missouri City.

TTSHE two pens that ended tho great
4 Civil war are in Missouri. Only
once have they been dipped in ink
Grant and Robert E. Lee made use
of them in the Virginia hamlet dig
nified by the name of Appomattox
Courthouse. The present owner, DR..
e. P. Cronkite, a st. Joseph dentist,
would deem it little short of sacri-
lege for the pens to be touched by
any drop of ink destined to flow
into ordinary sentences. The pens
repose securely in a strong box IN
Doctor Cronkite's st. Joseph home,
2O15 Francis street They still are
wrapped in a paper taken from tho
table on which the surrender paper
was signed.
The coming OF these historic pens
to Missouri was not heralded. They
were added to one of the most inter
esting private historical collections in
the state, but collection the exist
ence OF which is quite unknown even
in st. Joseph save to those of Doc
tor Cronkite's intimates who have
had the hospitality of his den on the
third floor of his home.
The pen came to Doctor Cronkite
from Mrs. A. B. Lawrence OF War
saw, N Y, after the death OF her
husband, Colonel Lawrence, who in
his lifetime was indeed an indefatig-
able collector The colonel gath
cred together every Bible translation
but two, while his collection OF coins
sold for $4,000 on his death. One
tie between the st. Joseph collector
and Colonel Lawrence was the fact
that Doctor Cronkite's father was an
officer in the First New York dTa-
goons, of which Colonel Lawrence was
lieutenant colonel.
No better history Of the pens prob
ably is to be desired than the one
written out in Colonel Lawrence's
handwriting:
The pens in this box, one a quill,
the other steel, marked at the time,
April 10, 1865, are the ones used in
signing the Gen. r. e. Lee surrender
papers in the Col. Wilmer Mclean
house, where the surrender took
place at Appomattox Courthouse. Va,
April 10, 1866, and we're given to me
In the Mclean house April 10. 1865.
as souvenirs with piece IF the table
ON which General Lee signed the sur.
render dictated by General Gram.
The piece OF table was given to me
next day in my Office in the sheriff s
room OF the courthouse by Colonei
Wilmer Mclean. with certificate OF
its history. The sheriff was William
Daniel fix. now in Hixburg, Appomat.
lox. Va. to whom ! turned over the
surplus surrender property for dis
tfibution among the poor and deserv-
ing OF the vicinity OF the surrender by
verbal order, OF General Grant to me
II the presence OF MAI Gen John
Gibbons, president Of the commission
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
TIE UTOPIAN SOCIETY
February Meeting is Held at The
10. Malcolm Home.

The Utopian Society Of the First
Presbyterian church held their Feb
ruary meeting with Mrs. }, o. NAL
co!RI. Mrs. y. L. Cole, the new
president. and other officers took
their places for the first time. The
membership has now reached seven
ty-six. A good representation OF
members were present.
Mrs. Cummings favored the meet
ing with a beautiful violin solo.
The ladies with their fancy work
and sewing enjoyed a social after
noon. Delicious refreshments were
served by the hostesses: Mrs. Nal
colin, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Fox, Miss Fox,
MRS. Cournyer and Mrs. McFerran.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
Valuable Silk Shipment.

Council Bluffs, Feb. "a shipment
of silk valued at over 100000 filling
fourteen baggage cars, attracted much
attention as the train was being trans
ferred from the Union Pacific to the
Rock Island railroad in the yards
here. The silk came from Yokohama.
japan. and was being carried to the
New York markets, some Of it being
consigned to Europe. The train was
run as second section of No. 8, the
fastest train on the Rock Island road.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

"A three years military training
course in the high schools Of Iowa is
now being discussed by military
committees of both house and senate
Of the. Iowa legislature. Adjutant
General Logan is advising the mem
bers of the general assembly that the
United States government now has
an order in effect that any school OF
the state having forty uniformed ca
diets, can draw as many U. S. maya
zine Krag-Jorgensen pattern rifles as
are needed for a full equipment.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
Another Gas Well Found.

Randolph, Feb. 9.-Another gas well
has been struck in western Iowa this
time near Randolph, on the farm Of
Kerr-Keyser. Worfmen were sink
ing a well when a strong odor of gas
was detected and lighted match be-
ing applied to the opening of the well
the flames lighted M and f1ared up
several feet The owners of the land
and the we'll men think well enough
of the find that they have sent for an
expert to make report on the flow
of gas
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
Hog Cholera Decreases.

Perry, Feb. DIR. J. S. Koen, In
charge of experimental work being
carried in Dallas county by the u. s.
government has compiled statistics
showing a decided decrease In the
number OF hogs lost by cholera where
vaccination has beer employed. In
1912, 1881 or 1874 per cent of the
number of hogs raised died from chol-
ERA. In 1914 only 6S10 or 81 per cent
'of the number raised died from the
disease
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

Christian point of view, that is, UNI
sellisbly and wholly for the good OF
others. She was most intensely inter
ested in all movements for the better
ment of her community; AMI indeed,
her interest was not measured by &C.
ographical bounds, but comprehended
every good work with which she be-
came acquainted OF her, as of Dorcas
OF old, It might be said with great APP
propriaseness, she hath done what
clio rOul1 "
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
Guilty of Murder.

Des Moines, Feb. "a jury in Dis
trict Judge Dudley's court has re-
turned verdict of second degree
murder against Charles Boon, who
killed Sam Palaazi as he slept and
then forced the dead mans wife u
tell police a tramp camc into the
house and committed the crime. Boon
wa5 boarder and there was evidence
to show that he was attentive to Mrs.
Palaazi and jealous OF the dead hus
band.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
Carry Vote on School.

Pleasant Grove township in Marion
county has voted to erect high
school, all the schools of the township
to be consolidated. Pleasantville
high school is taken In by the con.
solidationN The proposition carried
three to one. Plans are now on foot
for the issuing OF bonds to erect a
new school building.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

III" suggests the Burlington
Hawk-Eye. Congress and the. forty or
more state legislatures now in ses-
sion could only rise to the standard
Of the ten commandments and the
Sermon on the Mount, what a won
derful Transformation it would make
on our statute books!"
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

{, III You would hold yourself to your
task as closely as you expect to hold
your own employees when you have
some. the interim between working
for some one else and having some
one else work for you, would be ma
terially Iessened. At least, that is
what the Ottumwa Courier thinks.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

Washington Democrat: The Oska-
loosa Herald is distressed that wheat
Is so high when the democrats prom
ised to reduce the high cost of liv-
ing But what we cannot understand
ID, how wheat can be high when the
Wilson bill. or the Wilson tariff law
known as the Underwood law is in
force. We were always told by Re
.pubicans that high protective tar
iff was needed to make wheat high
by keeping out the pauper wheat of
Europe. And then We are told that
the tariff is not a tax, but if it is a
tax, the foreigner pays it and We are
told, we cannot do business, unless
we have high tariff and now comes
the OskaloOsa Herald, Standpat Re-
publican paper that it is, and says
wheat is too high. What the deuce
can We do that will please the stand
patters?" [Why, let them run the
Government, of couIse.-Editor Her
add
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

Iowa has already sent 100 car
loads of food to the Belgians. The
shipments include 65 cars of shelled
corn. 20 of -four, Is of corn meal, 2 OF
rolled oats, of canned goods, OF
salt pork, lard and other meats and
one of condensed milk.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

Two members of congress were
recently found in a gambling joint in
Baltimore during a police raid. There
are some things in the lives of some
members of congress that are not re-
lated to the biographical sketches in
the Confessional Directory.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
Fire in JeWeIrN Store.

Des Moines, Feb. 9.-Fire early to.
day damaged the store of the United
Jewelry Co. in the Rollins block be-
fore the arrival of the fire depart
ment prevented a disastrous fire. The
Globe Clothing Co. was damaged by
water.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11
Monument for DeyorIck.

Plans are under way at Blakesburg
toward erecting a monument to the
memory of Frank Devorick. the youth
who fell while defending his countrys
flag at Vera Cruz last spring and who
was brought back to Blakesburg for
burial,
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

OskaloOsa Times: Representative
&c. w. Miller OF Waverly, has intro.
duced a bill in the general assembly
ASKING for the repeal of the law pass
ed two years ago providing for the
election of county superintendent by
the presidents of the school boards.
The proposed measure is known as
House File No. Z, and it is believed
it will become law. In other words
the Miller bill proposes TO put the
election of county superintendent up
to the people where 1t belongs. The
original intentions OF the bill was to
take this Office out OF politics. The
purpose was commendable, but in.
stead of accomplishing this 1t merely
injected politics into the school sys-
tenn, a condition OF affairs infinitely
worse than the former. II is true that
little has been heard along this line
as yet, but after the first election
there will be fight in every school
district in the county for the position
of president
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

One way to end the war would be
TO declare an armistice until the vari-
Gus parties could agree on who start
ed 1t and what they are fighting
about
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

Instead of keeping the peace of
the country, Mexican factionists pre-
fer to keep the piece of the country
which they may control and plumber.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

Arrangements have been made to
hold weekly religious meetings at the
Des Moines state house. Every little
bit helps.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

lit Is the observation of the Atch-
ison Globe that the world is being
filed up with college graduates and
poor spoilers.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

The law can compel a man to
support his wife, but it cannot force
him TO love her.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

The politicians of the country
have been putting the railroads on
the hog train.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

We strive in narrow, selfish ways
To win advancement or have praise,
To gain rewards, to hear applause,
To b. accounted great or wises
We make convenience a cause,
And ever look with watchful eyes
For that approval, right or wrong,
Accorded by the noisy throng
To them that have the wit to see
Which way the crowds intend to fare,
And brazenly pretend to be
The God-sent, glorious leaders there
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

Its a duh day when Mexico
doesn't change presidents.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1915-02-11

~ w
The God-sent, glorious leaders there.
He saw with vision true and clear,
And, crushing doubt and scorning fear,
Advanced, with conscience as his
guide;
Discerning where the course was laid,
He waited not for wind or tide,
Nor for the mob's approval stayed;
A giant where weak pygmies rose
To jecr and clamor and oppose,
He pressed with godlike earnestness
And an unconquerable soul
Through hellish hate and bloody
stress,
To die a martyr at the goal.
III.
We worry over little cares,
We mutter foolish, selfish prayers,
And think that God will deign to heed;
We scheme to keep our brothers back,
We long to dazzle or to lead,
And sigh for riches that we lack;
We covet honors and are proud
To win the favors of the crowd
That for little while has time
To cheer US where we strut, to let
Us fancy we have grown sublime,
And then is ready to forget.
Nv.
We read the sad appeal that lies
Within his kindly, sunken eyes
And learn a little of his lore;
We mark the lines upon his brow
And dimly see how much he bore,
And in our weakness wonder how;
We gaze upon the sculptured face,
And all the patient sorrows trace;
We search for vanity, for pride,
That, human-like, he might hav'
claimed,
Then thrust our little cares aside,
And turn away, and are ashamed.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1915-09-14
Refusing Business.

Sanborn Pioneer: We venture to
say that the Pioneer is the only bust
ness house in town who does not sell
Its merchandise to whoever asks to
buy it. Our merchandise is our adj
ertisfng space. Some of our merch-
ants use space in the Pioneer and
others do not. Some Of those who do
not, have good lines of goods that it
would pay to advertise and it would
also be a benefit to the town. The
stores of neighboring towns are ad-
vertising these lines. On Tuesday
morning we received copy for ads
from a store in Sheldon and one in
Spencer. Of course we did not run
these ads. We wish to protect and
build up Sanborn. 1t strikes us very
forcibly that if the space in the Pr
oneer is worth money to the outsid-
err it certainly is to the local merch-
ant. This is not an unusual thing.
We receive these ads frequently.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1915-09-14
If it had Been the President.

Eldora Herald: A hospital case
possessing at least one unusual feat
ure occurred at Webster City recent
ly, according to the newspapers of
that city, and is reported as follows
by one of them:
James Conrad, laborer, employ
ed with railroad gang near this
city, was taken to Mercy hospital last
Friday evening, suffering with an at
tack of appendicitis. He is greatly
improved according to late reports
and will be released from the insti-
tuition in few days, without an OPP
Grafton"
Now, guess just once what would
probably have been the result had it
been the president or the general
superintendent Of the road who was
taken to hospital, suffering with
an attack of appendicitis" The most
hopeful guess that readily suggests
itself is that the hospital item in the
paper would have concluded with q
statement to the effect that "the pa
tient is resting easily after the oper-
alton, which was most delicate and
dangerous one.'
James can thank his lucky stars
that he was only 'laborer," and
that he can return IN tho "ganps' in
full possession of his appendix and
with no lien against his next month
ly pay check. "The Lard must love
the poor"
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1915-09-14
FIRES SWEEP
The HOP FIELDS
Work of Iucendiaries Arouses West
ern Growers.

San Francisco, Sept. 11.-Fires of
alleged incendiary origin on Califor-
MIA and Oregon hop ranches have
caused within the last week damage
to buildings and harvested crops es-
timated at more than $4,000.
Trouble between the hop pickers
and their employers occurred recent
ly in the district affected. Authori-
ties charge disconnected migratory
workers have organized campaign
of destruction as a protest against
the Imprisonment of Richard Ford
and Herman Suhr for the killing of
District Attorney Frank Maxwell in
the Wheatland hop riots in 1913.
California hop growers are employ
ing guards. Oregon growers met
last night to discuss calling upon the
governor for protection.