davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Bowie Entries.
(FOr Monday.)

First race-Selling for maidens; all
Ataboy; los; Miss McGigsle, 100; Pri-
%; Danish airi. III; Lii shts Out. icS;
.Aldonis. lo7; 'Cotton Top, lO4; Jerry
Jr.. 90; .Tatiana, "; Falmouth. lo9
.Iacklet. 100: 'Baby Cole. l04: Dancing
Star. 80: Belle Of the Kitchen. 49,
Second race-The Hopeful Purse: for
two-year.olds: sin furlongs. Murphy
Apple. ION: Queen Of Paradise. l0l
lldiko. 112: aMargery los: Bonnie Carrie
l0s: Brushwood Boy. 10i; Broom Corn
~: Jacauetta, 'oS; Ed Bond. lO7; Elsie
Bonero, l04.
aArthur entry.
and up; the Bowie Course; seven fur,
longs (out of the chute). Hyki, 1l6
Intone. ll2; Richard Langdon, 100
Louise Travers. los; .Margaret, Me!se
Royal Tea, ii; IT. :Taotless' ' ,os; Ss Best BIZ BIZ
and Tucker. lo5; 'Ford Mai. IO4; Canto
1l2: Lou Lanier. 109; 'Freda johnson
loS; Mamie X. l0s: 'Yellow Eyes. 1O4. -.
Fourth race-The Rrookdale Hand
Course; seven furlonRs (out of th'
chute). Favour. ia: Broomvale, l06
Black Coffee. 20: Sprint. los; Rosewater
1o4: Candle. lo7: Nolli. 102.
Fifth race-Selling; for three-year
olds and up: the Bowie course, sever
furlongs; out of the chute. Colonel Cook
~: Quien sabs, los; Protagoras. loa
.Perthshire; lol: Captain Parr, 1O4
.Pierrott. 100; early Morn. l12; Castara
lo9; Col. Ashmeade. los; High Tide, los
st. Lazerian. lo4; .Cliff Edge. III: KIM
Caucus, 109; 'Mr. Mack, 1O7; sLuke Val
Zandt. 104; 'Muzanti. 100.
Sixth race-Selling; for three-year-old
and up; one mile adm a furlong. Cock
spur, 115; .Afterglow. lO7; Daingerfield
166; Tamerlane lN; captain Parr, IO2
Baby Sister, lol; tom Hancock, 9S
Toe. 1o4: Mabel Dulweber, l04; Kneeic,
1Ol; 'Hiker. 90: Finalee, Ss: Kinmundy
l09 Blue Mouse. !O6: Stigma Alpha, IOi
Peg. l04; 'Nigadoo. 1Ol; Earl Of Sa
voy, 9S.
Seventh race-"The Twin Selling Han
dicap:" for three-year-olds and upward
one mile and twenty yards. Stonehenge
107; Ella Bryson, 105: Armament, i6l
Borgo. LOG: Buzz Around l05; Gloamins
1903; Ben Ounce, lO6; Aldebaran, 1o5; VI
det, 9S.
apprentice allowance claimed.
Weather clear; track fast
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Virginia's First Classmen
Have a Perfect Record

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. Nov.
N.-Among other successful teams at
Virginia this fall there is the first year
mems eleven. which has zone its big
brother eleven one better In that It has
not been beaten . single time the entire
season. Its schedule included a game
with Navy plebes. which It won IS to IS.
Tho quarter Of the first year men this
fall Is the best man on the team. named
Wagenknight. from Philadelphia. where
he was on the all-scholastic team
picked by Philly papers. HIS methods
memories Of Bobby Gooch and Honaker.
which is to say that he both runs and
wriggles past the opposing team as II
II was scenery and he the only one
In action. He will be very valuable
addition to the varsity squad next fall.
and his work can be watched for future
development.
There are several other good men on
the eleven. In the line Saulres has
shown up we'll. and Clinton Coleman. In
backfeid. may some day emulate his
Brothers. Harris and Thomas. in being
varsity mainstays.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
HALEY and Baum Uphold Re.
spective Teams in Impor.
tant Duckpin Set.
TOURNAMENT NEARS END
Pratt Gets Remarkable Scores
In Sherman's Attractive
Event Thanksgiving Day.

While seventy-odd. teams were upon
the alleys in their eternal assault upon
the duckpins last night. the bulk OF
interest Of the entire army centered at
the Palace Alleys where Royals and
Velvets were battling in set which
might have tied up the leadership in the
National Capital League. The positions
Of the team did not vary. however. any
moro than that Velvets added another
game to their margin which keeps them
in first place. Royals were able to get
only the middle game the score being
$50 to 632. while the Velvets took the
opener by sol to 4s0 and the last string
by 4Se to 4s1. Velvets' standing is now
q victories and defeats, while that Of
the Royals is II victories and 10 de-
feats. The games were replete with
we'll counted spares and strikes. Many
tough breaks were converted into marks.
Throughout the set the rolling OF
Johnny Baum stood out prominently for
the velvets. while Pop HALEY was
the strength Of the Royals. Eddie How:
ser looked particularly we'll In the final
game. which was furiously contested,
The scores:
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
|NTERC|TY TITLE TO
Be DECIDED TO-DAY
School Stars Of Washington
and Baltimore Clash at
Georgetown Field.

Representative teams Of Washington
and Baltimore schools will meet on the
Hilltop today to determine the schol-
astic championship Of the two cities.
The game will begin at 2:3o o'clock.
The teams include the following play
eds:
Washington: Robbins, Wassman.
Dowrick. Keetch. Miloff and Sterns.
Business; Easter. Chase and DAILY.
Tech Lanahan, Eastern: Carey and
Roberts. Central. and Rohrer and Mac
kali. Western.
baltimore: Atkinson. Marson; Brice
and Collins. McDonogh; Mahaney.
Plumley. Hill, Willis. Steele and Craw-
ford. City College. and Boone. Mitchell,
Brooks and Riggs. Gilman.
1t might be well to mention that City
College was the runner-up for the
Baltimore scholastic championship.
Country" Morris. Of NJ. A.. C.. will
referee; "Jakey'' Roberts. of Tech. will
umpire. and Irving Coggins. of NJ. A. Z.
will act as head linesman.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
GEORGE WASHINGTON
IS AHEAD OF GAME
Hatchetitites Take in More
Money Than They Spend on
Booming Athletics.

The financial snccess Of athletics at
George Washington University durinS
the rast year is shown In the annual
report Of officials OF the athletic asso.
citation. Just made public.
The tota! receipts for the year were
so,4sa. and the expenditures were
se,32l.eo. leaving a balance on hand OF
slo7.7a
The itennized receipts were as follows
Athletic season tickets. S2S9.S5; basket
ball games. sos: track meet, 81. .267. IS
and play for the benefit OF athletics
sls0.A0. There was . balance on hand
from the preceding year Of $I4.4s.
Itemized expenditures were: Basket
ball. $7O057: track athletics. 81, 1872. l3
athletic play. 1925 So. and miscellaneous
sf?9'.
the report was signed by Prof. Leslie
Cleveland McNemar OF the department
OF political science. faculty director o,
athletics: Leo c. Terry. financial secre
tary, and John 8. Bixler. assistant finan
cial secretary.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
W.R. &E. DOMINATES
LOCAL EXCHANGE
Bonds Also See Fair Demand.
Sulmp In American GRAPHIC.
phone.

A block Of lss shares OF washinstop
Railway and Electric Company stock
which sold on q scale upward from
90 to S2k. was the feature. Of today's
sessions OF the washington Stock Ex-
change. Bonds also enjoyed Q fair de-
mand. 10000 worth Of Washington Gas
Company's IS ceiling at los and an
equal amount Of Washington railway
and Electric Company's Is CHANGING
hands at 81. Other bond sales we're
81 900 Potomac Electric CompAny's Is
at ssK; 5000 Potomac Electric Power
Company LIST Sc. at 1os. and q 1900
United states registered Z per oehe
Bssides Tie Railway preferred the
only other stock sales were Is shares
OF Washington gas at 73Is. 10 shares OF
Lanston Monotype at IS, Is shares OF
0raphophone common at 13l. and %-l0
Of a share OF the same at lSl. Both
Graphophone common and preferred
stock showed weakness as compared
with the high prices recently reached.
The bid and asked prices at the close
Of today's session were 1873 bid and 1876
asked. on the common. as compared
with 1877 and js9 yesterday, and lls1l
bid. and 40 asked. on tho preferred. as
compared with l+8 and 150 yesterday.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Courted Girl 20 Years;
Calls Made on Schedule

NORTH JUDSON. Ind. Nov. T.-A
twenty-year courtship has terminated
hero in the marriage Of Miss Rose Neu-
pert. thirty-nine. to G. NJ. Peterson.
forty-two Twenty years ago Peter
son moved here from Chicago. He met
Miss Neupert. then a girl of nineteen.
and started paying calls at the Neupert
home on Tuesday. Thursday, Saturday
and Sunday evenings.
For ten years he kept this schedule.
never missing a night. Then during
the following Ave years he made II
Thursday and Sunday evenings. For
the last fve years he has shortened
his time table TO Sunday evenings.
Mr.. Peterson has been cashier of the
North Judsoa State Bank during his
long courtship.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Railroad Y. M. c. A. to
Continue Meet Monday

There were ten entrants in the pre-
paratory athletic meet held at the
Terminal Railroad Y. NJ. C. A. last
evening. Six events were contested. as
follows: t0-yard dash. standing broad
jump. running high jump. chinning
horizontal bar. shot-put. 4+0-yard dash
The scores made were as follows
Heap. 375 points: Russell. l72 points
Boyd, l67 points: Mahany. 122 points
Mcdonald. 1Ol points: Keane. so points
Dorsey. rs points: Koerner. II points
Galbraith. 81 points: Dingler. 10 points.
Scoring was according to the percent
age system. so that every one who en-.
tered had a chance to make something
on his performance In the events.
The next contest will be held next
Monday evening. The events will be
25-yard dash. standing broad jump
pushing UP l2-pound shot.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27

In an sttempt to tear down the leads
pied UP by the ten leaders in the
duckpin tournament at Frank Sher-
mans. his alleys are today resounding
with q fierce attack upon the little
NAPLES by tho entire field of starters
who are In hopes Of lettering their
marks before the qualifications close
at 6 o'clock tonight.
Some Of the most sensational bowling
seen in Washington this season has
been revealed in this attractive COM
petition. not the least Of which was
a squirt shown by Pratt on Thanks
giving Day. when he put himself at
the top Of the list by rolling scores
Of 162. 1877. 1873. 100 and 129 for a total
Of 69l.
When rolling closed last night Pratt
was still in the van Of the procession.
while Saers, Bill Rider. Doc Shade,
Chadley Wright. Thompson and Harry
HALEY followed In the order named.
II these scores are to be bettered 1t
must be accomplished before 8 o'clock
tonight as the preliminary games cease
then. The finals which will be rolled
among the ten high men in the quail
flcations will be started at 8 o'clock to-
night Prizes of $40. s5 and g will be
awarded the three high men.
Standing Of ten high men at noon to-
day are
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Wholesale Produce Market

EGGS-Nearby, fresh. 37dasc per doz: :;
Southern, aaS5c per doz.
CHEESE-New York new. lie per ID ;
Dat. llhc per lb.
BUTTER-Elgin print. s5c per h.: tub. SIC
per lb.: process. 26c per ID.
LIVE PoULTRY-Hens. l5alsc per lb.
ROSTERS. lie per lb.: live turkeys. lsa2oc pei
ib.: spring chickens, l6alsc per ID.
LIVE SToCK-Veal calves. best. IoIkalls
per lb.; heavy. sadloc per Ib.: fat sheep
&xOSe per lb.: spring lambs. Sitasc per lb.
KREY. PRICE CO
vEdETABI.ES-tQuota furnished by
Taylor wade)-Potatoes, l225 per bsrrsii
onions, 81. 90 per bu.: s.. 10 per sack; cabbage
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Trails Promised Stadium
To Lair and Vanquishes 1t

NEW YORK. Nov. 2T.-The promised
gift Of 500. 900 to Columbia for a stadium
on South Field to be awarded in the
event of the Blue and White eleven
going through the season without a
defeat was traced to its lair yesterday
and found to be homeless.
Harry A. Fisher. graduate manager OF
athletics. said he had never heard OF
the gift save what he had read in the
newspapers. and Frank D; Fackenthal;
secretary of the university, declared
he had received no information. either
official or unofficial.
II don't know who started the story.
said Mr.. Fackenthal, but ] can say
| there Is nothing In II. Why, 10000.
wouldn't buy fair sized peanut stand
let alone a stadium"
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
RUUpN
"a base ball
player with bad
eyes should wear
his glasses 8
empty"
Watching the Game.

Watching the Game.
The Army backs tore through the
line,
~ think these Cossock boots arc N~e~'
In swirling arc the football sped,
"Oki No. nor husba~d 70 not dsod-''
With brain and Drawn Navy crashed
thro'
"T bought par stooks at sIohty-tvo-s
The runner crunched meath brutal
force,
"Fm sure u 70 his nm dtrorce-
If Navy can but kick this goal!
"There 10 that sosolthy Vanderpole~
He skirted end in thrilling flight,
"ULber. jobber0 VOW GOOD
NtehtI
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
WALL STREET CLOSE
WEAK, FEW CHANGES
General Advance Marked Open
Ing, But Interest Soon Died
Out.

NEW YORK. Nov. N.-The stock
market closed weak today. The OPEN
ing saw a general advance. but as noon
approached there was no strengthening
and interest fell of.
With few exceptions both industrials
and railroad stocks registered opening
gains. United States Steel opened at
8k. an advance Of \. American Can
led the advs nee with gain Of Y.
Trading was quiet during the first
hour with no great changes for the
opening prices. Guggenheimer. Explora-
ton sold or q point to 7S1t under heavy
realizing sales.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
MINCE PIE
LITTLE OF EVERYTHING"
BY BUGS" BAER.
Answers To Queries.

Answers To Queertes.
Queery Dept.-Kindly inform me
to decide a bet whether or not Kai-
ser William and King George ate
Thanksgiving dinner together. Yours
sincerely, Oscar DUNN.
NO, OSCAR, THEY DID NOT,
BUT WE CAN GUESS WHOM YOU
DRANK YOUR THANKSGIVING
DINNER WITH.
Queery Eds Jim Jeffries or
John McGraw the sculling champion
Of the world ? Oblige, Orville Thikk.
WE REQUEST MR.. THIKK TO
WRITE AGAIN AND STATE
WHETHER HE DIDN'T INTEND
TO SPELL SCULLING WITH A
"K."
Queery Dept.-Dear Sir, wasn't
at one time Ping Bodie . ballplay-
er in the American League ? Thank
ing you forwardly, I remain, Ivan
McBone.
YES AND NO. PING BoDIE
WAS IN THE AMERICAN
LEAGUE, BUT ONLY FROM THE
EARS DOWN.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
District National Bank
Promotes Schneider

J. D. F. Schneider was elected as.
sistant cashier OF the District National
Bank at q meeting Thursday of the
board OF directors. Mr.. Schneider has
been with the bank since its organiza-
ton and the promotion Is a direct re-
''He has proved himself a very
capable young man." said President
Robert n. Harper today, and / am
particularly pleased we were able TO
offer him this reward"
Mr.. Schneider was formerly connect
ed with the American National hank.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Memorial Meeting for
Justice Hagner Dec. 8

President William Meyer Levin. Of
the District Bar Association. is send
ing to members of that organization
notices Of a memorial meeting for
the late Justice Alexander r. Fagner.
which will be held in the old circuit
court room. in the City Hall. on tho
afternoon Of December 3.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Mt. Rainier Loses.

RIVERDALE. Md. Nov. 27.-Rivcr-
dale's football team defeated Mount
Rainier N to 0. Ability to pierce the
losers defense for telling gains at OPP
perfume times and diagnose their form
OF attack were potent factors In the
Riverdale boys victory.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
TOday'S Sales.

washington Gas SIS, $5,0O0Ql06
Washington Railway As, $l0,0Oodsl.
Potomac Electric Con. IS, 81. .OOOdl s9J.
Washington Railway preferred, SQS2
1oaS2, 25as2. 25go2. 25as2. 25as2m, 5qS2n
Washington Gas Light. 25q73h.
Graphophone common, 4-l0(Ili5, 25al4
After call-United States Reg. Is,
81 $l,O09l0SA.
Potomac Electric first SIS, 20Od10S.
Lanston Monotype, l0Q7S
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Effect Settlement of
Strike in Anderson, S. C..

John B. Colpoys and Charles Bend
helm. commissioners of conciliation of
the Department Of Labor. today notified
Secretary Wilson that they had effected
a settlement of q strike of textile
workers at Brogan Mills. Anderson. s,
c.. In which SEQ men were involved.
The men have returned to work This
was the first case In which Mr. Bend
helm. who was former Assistant United
States Attorney here. served.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
His Speed Costs Money

DECATUR. ILL.,. Nov. T.-Art Wilson
is as fast off the field as on. The
Chifed stars ambition to travel fast
cost him $3.50 in a police court here
yesterday. Grove Hartley. of the Slou-
cost him an equal amount
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Weekly Bank Statement.

NEW YORK, Nov. 27.-The weekly
actual bank statement issued today
shows the following changes: Surplus
81, 772 900; reserve in vaults. decreased,
S16, ,s05, 900; reserve in Federal banks In
creased N,210,000: reserve In other de-
positories increased S1N 900; net de-
mand, deposits, decreased, &s.06y. 900; net
time deposits, decreased, $4,000; circu-
lation. Increased, $4,000; aggregate re-
serve, S739, ,4A,000.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
PlaV Tomorrow,

Nationals and Mohawks play tomor-
row at the Vigilant park for the right
to play the Vigilants for the District
title. The game will start at 3 o'clock,
with Tug Fury. former Georgetown
player, as referee.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
VigilantS on Way.

Twenty-four members of tho Vigilant
football team left at Q o'clock today
for Youngstown. Ohio. where an in
dependent team Of that place will be
played tomorrow.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27

New York Stocks.

An transactions In stocks are on ths
basis Of dollars and fractions thereof.
ouotatieas furnished b, W. 2. lHioos 2
Co.. msmbers Of New Hssk seeek Sxonsas~
Hiboo DuildinS.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Emerald Jrs. Defeated.

westover Juniors defeated the EN-
sgsld Juniors BY the score of II to 6.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Oil Stocks.

Quotations furnished by ". B. Hibbs 4
Co.. members New Ysrk Stock Exchange
Hibbs building.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27

People at the Army-Navy game don't
go there to see the game. They Just
20 inside to wonder how tho other birds
ever got inside.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27

That's What Drove EN- Over.
Doc Bryan tnststs on havtno peace
We wish the Doc Dould somsttnsss
cease,
For It ,otu take the throb Of souy
To drive tho tprsstIsTs from our shors
The Washington times., 1915-11-27
Curb Stocks.

ouotations furnished by w. d. Hibos 4
Co.. members Of New York Stock Exchange.
Aibbs building.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27

The Army.Navy Game.
rs clothes and talk at the Big game.
Yow gossip and sneer and spo~dsr,
Ard ever to look at the BIG game
Is counted a social blundsr.
The Washington times., 1915-11-27

The bird who claimed to be an expert ice
skater In July IL In . fearful az. It's al
most time for him to provo II.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1915-06-04

FOUR country can settle no question
of human liberty nor will we gain any
desirable end by participating in the
European war;" said Gov. Phillip,
commenting on the German note on the
Lusitania incident. eve should not
seek an opportunity to sacrifice Amerl-
can life and treasure which under a
most favorable ending would mean a
net loss to our country, with no useful
service rendered to mankind. | believe
it to be our duty to maintain strict
neutrality and our interest in humanity
should dictate to us that we give no
aid to any nation, either in money or
munitions of war, that will tend to
prolong the struggle. A neutrality
that is a mere compliance with inter
national law will under existing condi-
tons produce complications more en-
barrassing than any we have so far eX-
perienced. This country has no inter
ests in the questions that have involved
European nations in war and our peO-
pie should support our president in his
efforts to maintain peace.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1915-06-04

THIS year the campaign in the United
States against the housefy is more
general than ever before, and likely
will be more destructive to the pest
and more beneficial to health than ever
before. All of which is commendable.
But in places the campaign is develop
ing almost into hysteria. For instance,
in one city public health official is
quoted as declaring that ''the housefy
is more dangerous than the wild beast, "
and that ''the fly, eating from the
same plate as you are, may be carry
ing on it's body, feet and legs, a million
deadly germs" This kind of alarmism
usually results in producing Indifference
because it's exaggeration is so appar-
ent. By all means, let's swat the fly,
but let's not brighten ourselves into fits
while doing so.-Detroit Free Press.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1915-06-04
How a zeppeIin Is Made.

The building of Zeppelin is not the
work of a day. The mere work on the
vessel takes an entire year, and when
that work is done another three months
must be spent in testing. Stretched
on a framework Of Orders there are
from seventeen to twenty-five balloon
cites from end to end. Over these and
over the Orders is an outer skin OF
proofed canvas. Slung under the great
length is a series of cabins.
Right in front is the station of the
lookout man. who is in charge of the
starting and the landing. He has an
chors slung beneath him. In the first
boat, which is entirely covered in. are
two petrol engines. Behind this boat
is the gangway. fitted up with sleeping
berths for the crew. In the center is
the observation station. 1t is from
here that the bombs are dropped. and
it is in here that the marvellous steer
ing and sighting apparatus is installed,
as well as the wireless pianist.
Louis Republic.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1915-06-04

WHETHER or no the United States
will become involved in the great world
war, Memorial day took on a new as
pect in the light of current events. 1t
testifies to the majesty of peace. 1t
proves anew that however bitter the
passions aroused by war, time healeth
all wounds of body, mind and spirit.
Memorial day also reminds US that, as
1t took two generations to enable our
own Southland to recover from the
economic results of the civil war, so at
least so years may not enable present
warning nations to restore the economic
prosperity they were enjoying prior to
the fateful first of August, 1914. And
as it required years for our northern
and western states to restore their
economic and social welfare through
the changes that followed the civil war,
in much the same way long years must
elapse ere that half of the world has
paiG its share of the cost of the present
world conflict, and adapted itself to the
changed conditions which are so rap
idly growing out of that unprecedented
cataclysm. The Grand Army of the
Republic started the beautiful custom
of decorating the graves of their COM
rades and one day in the year is given
in devotion and gratitude to honor those
heroes who sacrificed their lives that
the nation might live. But their ranks
are thinning. Few can now march
proudly in the procession to the tombs
of those who have preceded them. 1t
is for the present generation to take
up this duty of love and devotion.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1915-06-04
Findinq His Bride.

In one pare of the canton of Ticino.
in Switzerland, a very quaint mar
rage ceremony prevails. The bride
groom dresses in his Sunday best
and, accompanied by as many friends
and relatives as he can muster for the
fete, goes to claim his bride. Finding
the door locked, he demands admit
lance The inmates ask him his bust
ness, and in reply he sOlicits the hand
of his chosen maiden. If his answer
be deemed satisfactory he is success
sively introduced to a number of ma
irons and maids, some perhaps de-
formed and others old and ugly. Then
he is presented to some large dolls. all
of which he rejects with scorn, amid
general merriment. The bewildered
bridegroom, whose impetuOsity and
temper are now sorely tried, is then
informed that his ladylove is absent
and is invited in to see for himself.
He rushes into the house and searches
from room to room until he finds her
in her bridal dress ready to go to
church. Then are his troubles over
and his state as a benedict assured.