davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
SAYS SEA LAW Is
PUT TO THE TEST
L. s. Note Stands for RecOg.
niZed Principle. London
Paper Declares.

LONDON, June 1.-The Westminster
Gazette in an editorial to-day
says the German note in re-
ply to the communication Of the
United States concerning the Lusitania,
the text Of which Is before us this
morning. liz a document OF great impor-
lance In the evolution Of sea law and
It raises questions the substance of
which concerns us ALL"
The newspaper continues to point out
that previous to the war II was an
unquestioned principle that "A bellig-
erent who seized an mem merchantmen
was responsible for the safety of the
non-combatants.
in the early stages OF the war;" the
editorial proceeds, I'VE saw this bliga-
ton h~onorably acknowledged by the
captains of the Emden and other Ger
man cruisers
The American note stands for this
principle. while the German reply argues
hat danger from "A suspicious craft IS
reason for the sinking of the vessel so
quickly that her passengers and crew
are unable to escape.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
BALKAN UNION
Rome Hears Austria VIII He At
acked SimuIta neousIy.
Special cable Despatch 10 rnr suy.


ROME. June 1.-The prevailing belief
in Government and diplomatic circles
here is that all the Balkan States will
lie founG or the side of the Allies
shortly. Greece and Bulgaria are ex-
pec;ed to jon the Entente Powers first.
the intervention OF Rumania being pur-
posely delayed owing to a preconcer.ed
war plan against Austria. This plan
calls for a simultaneous invasion OF Aus
tr!a from every side.
According TO advices from Vienna
the situation IN the Austrian capital
has become alarming since ltaly's dec
ldrat!on Of war. There have been anti
war demonstrations almost every day
and bread riots which have been quelled
with great loss OF life. The city il
under martial law. The Government has
forbidden the Introduction of foreign
newspapers. eve German. The news
of Italian successes on the frontiers ID
withheld from the public.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
FRENCH HOLD FIRM
UNDER STIFF ATTACK
Germans Unable to pislodco
Them From Positions
North Of Souchcz.
ALL GAINS MAINTAINED

Special ram bssp1fch fo Tu Srv
PARIS. June I.-Af'or two a,,.
heavy fighting north Of Arras. In vt.,
the German losses are .aid IN have h..
very high. the French remain m eta,
of the district north of S,uch,, ana d.,
~reighboring woods. The lighting ,M,
region was especially fierce around ,
sugar factory west of Souea,z v6.,,
was alternately hold hy 40 Frs-ch A..
tho Germans. 1t is now definitely In III.
hands Of the French.
There has been heavy ngl..r also .
the regions known As tho "lahsrr,t
series Of strongly fortified troache, p,.
by the Germans.
The French. according ., to.,,rl.,
onicial communicate, arc grlIu .y o-sl..
ing down the encmy's Resistance an,
taking his works, n by one. The cr,
muuique vas as follows.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
PARIS EXPECTS ACTION.
Papers Consider German Note q
Diplomatic BIund~r.

PARIS. June ALI the papers here
speak of the grave situation now facing
the United States in view OF Germany's
reply to The Washington note in refer
ence to the Lusitania.
La Pdtric says in IN editorial:
such u reply, awaited by the United
states so long, Is a abuse of American
patience and presents an unreal basis
of discussion. We do not believe that
President Wilson, any more than any OF
his fellow citizens. will find this re-
spouse other than a misplaced note"
All the papers agree in Characterizing
the reply az another German diplomatic
hlundcr. The Wdtin says the Imperial
Chancellor. DR.. o Bethmann-HollweG.
invites the United States TO abandon
neutrality by eXerting pressure on Great
Britain TO induce the latter country TO
give up her blockade.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
FEARS BULGARIAN MOVE.
Turkey Strengthens Fortrcsses
Against Possible Attack.

L.oSuoS, Junc THE DdAy Chronicle
corrcsput dent. who has been travelling
thr u-h the Balkans. says that Turkey.
fearing B%ulgaria's Intervention in the
war. following the lead Of Italy, IL now
streng,heninA the fortresses and de-
fences OF Chataldja ard kirk-kilisseh in
readiness FOR a possible Bulgarian move-
mcnt.
The correspondent tele2raphs an In
ierview with = reliable eyewitness of
the Armenian n~aassacres. Kurdish
horsemen, he says. rushed the Armenian
quarter at Mush on May IL. burning.
looting and numbering. 4 depu;aticn
appealed TO the chief of police who.
shrugsing his shoulders. said: I'VE are
at war. The -Armsr!ans are friends of
the Russians, so that the fewer left the
better il will he"
The nassacres continued FAR into the
night. the police joining in. Fully $50
men We're killed. The correspondent
says the women. II old were murdered
or beaten II young. they were taken
away. Children generally were spired.
though some were killed for amusement.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02

also received from Toronto thai the
Italian reservists In Canada have been
summoned.
Directions issued here and in Canada
will specify the ships available and
name the classes to move first. Pas
sage for officers first class and p~rivates
third class Will be provided by the
Italian Government. An Italian officer
said last night that all misgivings rs
10 u violation OF American neutrality
hv enbarkinC reservis,s here had been
dispclled \ number of Italian officers
and soldiers left New York Monday by
the Taormina.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
BIG GUNS ACTIVE.
Artillery Duels ON Corinthia Front
Continue, Says Vienna.
Specia, cable Despatch to The Sun.

vienna, via Amsterdam. June l.
The Austrian Wan Office issued the fol-
lowing official statement to-day:
on the pruth River and in Poland
the situation il unchanged.
In the Italian theatre of war on
the Folgaria plateau artillery duels
continue, on the frontier in the
carinthia district in the region of
karfreit (Caponetto) skirmIshes con-
tlnue.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
PnrnIy.cd In Trenches.

Prisoners say the firing OF tho
British machine guns has been var
ticularly we'll directed and violent.
and that the naval guns have At times
been most effective. Men who were
the heaviest shells burst were fire.
quently so dazed ard shaken by the
explosions ~ 20 Ne paralyzcd.
Prisoners in some cases frankly ad-
mi. they 40 not In the least know
why Enver pasha and Talaat Bey
went to wa. while others curse the
Germans heartily.
simultaneously the French War ono,
has issued n statement regarding tn.
Dardanelles campaign which Indicate,
that fighting there during the las; Few
days has been OF a desultory character
The French statement follows:
The fighting has resolved itsclr FOR
several DAYS past into engagements
over a limited area. These have
taken place almost daily. and they
all have come 20 an end with gains
for the allied troops.
ON the western slope OF the rav.ne
OF ksfcyrs Dore q detachment OF
volunteers belonging 70 Il colonial
regiment captured by assault N Fri
day evening a snail fort whish the
enemy had built n the let end OF his
line and which dominated our
trenches. our men went forward
with such speed that the defenders ~
this fort. taken by surprise, fcd with
out making amy resistance.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
LODGE DISSATISFIED.
says German Note Fails to Meet
I. =. Demands.

LYNN. Mass, June l.-Senator Henry
Cabot Lodge does not regard the reply
OF Germany as at all satisfactory. In
an interview granted to-day. the first
n" has given since ne returned % his
home from Nahant, he said
The German note does not seem to
me satisfactory or to meet in any way
the rightful demands formulated IN the
Presidents note OF May It,"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
AMERICANS LEAVE GERMANY,
Many Arrive at Points In switzer.
land.

LONDON, June IA despatch from
Rern says that during the day many
Americans have been entering Switzcr-
lane from Germany.
MANY of the arrivals" SAYS the des-
patch, have been residents of Germany
for years. They declare that the pom
ala feeling against Americans in some
places makes II intolerlhle II not un-
safe for them to remain"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
100 Of 5000 Escape.

Repeatedly they We're caught by
the s,archlights OF the Allies In close
formation and terribly punished 1,
point blank ranges by machine guns
and rife fire. only 100 mon could
he collected out OF a regiment origi-
nally 1000 men strouC.
The Allies mountain guns on more
than one occasion caught the Turks
as they Were assembling at night for
attack, and assisted By scarchlights
they We're kept for some minutes at
a time under heavy rife and shrapuel
fire. which inflicted serious losses.
THE landing" said an Nab officer
who was suong IN" prisoners, was
costly and d!i1Cu,t. hut IL vas boldly
carried out and when your troops were
once established on the peninsula IL
WAS our turn to suffer tho heavier
losses In a series Of desperate and
u~navailing counter attacks. | was
made "A prisoner "a fortnight ago.
We then had lost at least 10000 men
in killed and wounded"
II is further declared by prisoners
that " Turkish batttlions attacked
each other by might near Giahi Tepe.
;osing heavily. and ultimately s,am-
pedinG in spite OF the efforts II their
officers.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
TURKS REPORT GAINS.
Announce Losses 20 AIlies At Sew
erRI Points.

AMSTERDAM. June 1.-The Turkish
War Office issued the following state
ment to-day. telling Of general repulscs
10 allied attacks:
The enemy on Monday attacked our
right wing near Avi Burnu. but was
repulsed. His losses were estimated
at 100 killed and more dead were OBJ
served in the valley.
Monday night the enemy attempted
to rccspture the trenches lost the pre-
vious day in his centre by a surprise
attack. II" was repulsed everywhere
and lost many In Killed. We also took
arms and ammunition.
ON the front of Sedd-El-Bahr there
have been exchanges OF artillery and
rife fire.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
SERBIANS ATTACK AUSTRIANS,
>ish Reports SucccssfuI Engnxe-
ment Near Capinova.

L.oNpOS. Juno 1.-The Serbians have
resumed military activity against Aus
tria. according TO 4 despatch from Nish
to-day The Government issued to-day
a report of a successful artillery en-
gagement. as a result OF which a bat
talon ~ Austrians who were fortify-
ing positions northeast Of Capinova was
dispersed. There has been activity on
the Albanian frontier also.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
IN RAID.
said to Have la =
Unfinished Austrian Cruisers.

LONDON. June 1.-The Daily Nal cor
respondent at Rome sends a despatch
hat Italian dcstroyers are believed TO
have damaged two Austrian armored
cruisers In process OF building a, Mon
falcone. The electric power station also
suffered.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
p II SPREADS, SERBIA
NOW 4 VAST PEST HOUSE
DR.. Cookingham, Sent Abroad by "The Sum-" Receivers
From Disease-Only 300 Physicians to Minister
to Population Of 5000, 900.

tically no treatment, the three Serbian
doctors then In the town having no
medicines.
Or. Buckingham told III SUNS cor
respondent that Serbia Is one of the most
primitive countries medically, as well
as In about every other respect. II
has 300 physicians to attend n popula-
ton OF about 5000. 900. and. from the
American viewpoint. these physicians
would scarcely be classed AZ competent
medical practitioners.
He describes the conditions in Serbia
as most pitiable. There Is no sanitation
and no medical material. The typhus
cases are placed in the hospitals with
the surgical cases. There are lice every
where, the very ground swarming with
them. 20 that IT is impossible TO escape
being bitten. Those who do not rom
tract fyphus, he says, must be natu-
rally immune or must have been bitten
only by the few lice that have not al
ready nipped a typhus patient.
Tsphus In Four Countries.
There are no such things as sheets.
DIR. C~ookingham lay miserably on a
mattress which was placed on the floor.
there being no bedstead. Smallpox
ahounds everywhere, he said. and the
sufferers continue to walk the streets
and even frequent the restaurants at
belgrade. No quarantine exists. Tho
populations fatalism and superstition
would max the enforcement of "A quar-
antine most difficult. lie says that there
Is a great deal OF cholera in Belgrade
and that typhus Is raging In Montene-
gro. Bosnia, Herzegovina. but not in
Greece.
The Serbian army near the Austrian
front has suffered less from typhus than
the rest OF the country. Communication
with this army has been reduced to the
minimum In the hope that the men will
be spared from the disease.
There is nothing TO eat In all Serbia.
pork and inferior sugar. which sells for
eight cents "A pound. oranges sell for
forty and nifty cents apiece. There is
no wood or coal.
The population is much perturbed at
ltaly's intervention, and would ma We pre-
ferred that country to remain neutral.
as IL Il believed hat the Allies have
promised Saly the entire Dalmatian
coast.
pr. C~ookhingham says that Sir
Thomas Upton rendered great services
To- Serbia. especially by securing pub
licity for the country's needs. He be-
lieves that the typhus epidemic there Is
the worst of modern times and that it
is growing worse. He hopes to return
after his Convalescence with a sanitary
outfit from the United States.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
Serbian Fire Dispcrsea Infantry.

LONDON. June THE following oNi-
cial statement was issued at Nish on
May rs:
Serbian artillery dispersed an enemy
battalion northeast Of Kuplnavo. and a
detachment Of cavalry with gun teams
ON the same day in the direction OF
huhrt We dispersed a detachment of
hostile infantry, which fired on Serbian
uutposts. The enemy also attempted to
land soldiers on the Thokliana Island
but was prevented by fire from our
guns"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02

Not since December had any heavy
lighting between Serbians and Aus
TRANS been reported. Il appears likely
now that a new Serbian army has been
organized. Austrian dispatches have
said that a new Austrian army was
preparing 10 take the field against Ser
hla In May.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
Thought spies We're az Work.

\ mob ~suspccting that a Light on top
Of the Hotel Metropole was used
for signalling 10 Austrian ~aerop.anes
wrecked the hotel ON May 20. Troops
were called out to quell the disturb
anCes.
Despite the Swiss law prohibiting
Jcsuits from living in switzerland tn"
Government has, al the request OF Pope
Benedict. granted special permission 20
Father Ledochowski, general of the
order. to reside there. Father Ledo-
chowski, who is a Pole. left Rome at
the outbreak of Wal against Austria.
Attacks by Austrian a~eroplanes on
Brindisi and Bari, on the Adriaiic. ar"
thus described in an official statement
issued to-day:
Two enemy aeroplanes have visited
the astcrn coast. One flew over Bari.
the other over Brindisi, and dropped
bombs. At Bari IA boy IL years old
was killed and at Brindisi two per-
sons were wounded.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
Ten Turkish Submarines in strnit.

SpFcidY 'dble Dtspdfch 10 THE SrY
L.oSDoS, June According to a de-
spa,ch 10 the Daily MAI from Athens the
Turks are believed 10 have as many
as ten submarines operating about the
Dardcuelles.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
R~ESERVISTS TO SAIL.
Itniy's Instructions Due Tomorrow
-OMc Samnh Vow on MnN unmc.

instructions for the emharkutiOn of
Italian reservlsts from the port OF New
York, II was learned last night, will he
given to the Italian newspapers by con-
sular officials tomorrow. Word was
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
ITALIANS TAKE PEAK
CLOSE TO ROVERETO.


knee deep in mud encouraging tho gun
ners who were sheliing the Austrian
pcsltions on the sunmi preparatory TO
the infantry dash which won the noun
tain peak.
Gabrielle d'Annunzio, the poet. has
been made a lieutenant OF cavalry AMI
has gone to the front. He will he at
tached TO the headquarters staff OF Gen.
Cadorna. The poet left Rome !ncos-
nito, but friends learned OF his trip and
the railroad car IN which he travelled
was nlled with flowers. Besides writ
ing an epic poem on the second rlsorgi-
mento OF Italy SiEuor ~d'Annuuzio In
tends TO versify the war songs Of the
soldiers.
The Tribune, will the permission o.
tine censor. explains to-day that tn"
anti-tierman riotirF ia Milan Was the
result OF the dismissal OF the project
and the chief OF police Of the city by
the commander in chief Of the army.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02

ButteriCk has had estab.
llshed branches for years in
Argentine Republic
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
British West Indies
Central America
Chile
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Great Britain
Holland
Italy
Mexico
New Zealand
Norway
Panama
Perm
RuSs;,
South Afr;c.
Sweden
Switzerland
Uruguay
Of Theirs R",tsr are S BBeSj1l, Gd,1Ioni n
1--WE languages EnEiIsH,
Italian. in addinOn 10 those
I'll" su ure'te ' publications 1.'" a,r, may
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
Special cable Despatch 10 Tue suS

PARIS, June 1.-Dr. Barton McCosh
Buckingham of Red Hook. y. Y, who
was sent to Paris last fall by THE SrN
on a fund supplied by the Duchess de
Talleyrand (Anna Could, has returned
from Serbia, were he proceeded in an
swer TO a call for American physicians.
DR.. Buckingham worked I'm Serbia with
Dr.. Albert Cook of Brooklyn. n. Y,
another physician sent TO Europe by
the fund supplied by the Duchess OF
Tallcy rand. Or. Cook died from typhus.
Last night Or. C~ookingham went TO
Marseilles, whence he will sail for New
York on the Patria.
Or. Cookingham began work on Janu-
airy ! at Nalyevo, a town OF 5000 p pu-
lation, increased to $4,000 IN account
OF the war. From the moment he be-
gan there were always from 500 to
1000 surgical cases on hand. with only
two doctors, one OF them Or. Cooking
ham himself. to do the work. They had
a small and poorly equipped hospital.
but no supplies. drugs or nurses. ex-
cept some Austrian prisoners who volun-
teered their services.
The Serbia civilians were lacking In
4 vi - NOOFNAA AAtAhh hfRN "'s
could be Of little help III the great
amount OF work confronting the two
doctors.
1.-THE typhus epidemic began on No.
vembei 1 and thereafter there were
practically $50 deaths daily Al NalyeNo.
gIichy among the soldiers and prisoners.
This rate of mortality continued At Val
yevo, and In the rest of Serbia the nor
ma death rate was exceeded by about
IS per cent.
DIR. Cooks Nnrtyrdom UOnOred.
After DR.. Cook had contracted ty-
phus his condition was aggravated 10y
the lack OF proper nursing facilities. ON
January ~ his condition became very
grave and on February 10 he died.
After his death the Serbian Government
In RECOGNITION of his DISTINGUISHED SER
vices granted his mother and wife TO-
0O0 francs (s2.OOO) and promised To
erect a to his memory"
pr. C~ookingham fell Ill with typhus
on January 20 and had nearly recovered
by February Z. when ne was attacked
with the more severe form Of the DIS
ease, called typhus eNauthomatus. This
form of the disease lasted for three
weeks, during which time his temperi-
ture rose to i0i and los d,grecs, with
on. falling for an entire fortnight. lie
WAS completely deiirious for two weeks
and los, tifty pounds. lie received prac-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02
Must Get New Point of View.


The Administration holds, however,
that both the Ambassador and his Gov
eminent must bring themselves to look
at the situation in a radically different
light before there will be any hope OF
effecting a satisfactory adjustment OF
the issues between the two Govern
ments. The Ambassador has been rep
resented by persons in his confidence as
viewing the issues as n business propo-
sition, TO be treated as such. Such a
view officials here believe must have
been uppermost in the minis OF those
responsible for the note received yester-
day from Berlin. rnt!l the German au-
thorlties recognize that the issue Is one
OF principle and not one of facts officials
here declare here can be no hope -
The two Governments reaching an agree
mcnt.
Much more Importance IL attached to
what the President may say TO the Ger
man Ambassador than to anything the
Ambassador Is likely to say to the Presi-
dent. officials here find themselves
forced to the conclusion that the Amhas-
sador lacks that very intimate communi-
cation with his Government necessary
for the fullest representation OF the
views OF Berlin. For many reasons it is
felt tina there is "A difference " the
Influences acting upon him and those
predominat.ug at Berlin which cannot
but have tho effect of causing differences
In the point Of view,
Could the Ambassador he brought to
realiZe the American point OF view from
President Wilson'S own lips and send
home "A report impressinS this upon MS
Government, officials believe there would
he a better basis FOR hope as to the flu
ture relations OF tho two Governments
They believe that II Germany could he
brought to realize the absolute necessity
Of making her submarine operations
conform to the principles for which thu
United states is c~ontending "A basis OF
negotiations TO which the United states
could consent to be a party might be
established.
II is pointed out that Germany would
lose nothing by off r'ng to cease sub
marine attacks on unarmed passenger
ships. although II Is presumed Germany
would demand as "A condition of this
offer that the United states prevent the
carving OF contrablnd On such vessels
This suggestion was put forth in
Austro-Gernan quarters here two weeks
ago and while rejected in official quarters
at that time, 1t might possibly lead 10
something which could be accepted by
both Governments. The objection
rrared 20 this suggestion then was that
Germany could not expect the United
States 10 change the lava In the process
ar iltigatiou or surrender its unques-
toned rights to suit Gcrmany's con-
Venicl'e II was also pointed out that
the tUhted States neutrality might thus
be involved, as such "A procedure would
certainly help Germany In her task OF
destroying contraband OF war destined
for England and France.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-02

tion and the strength Of its determine
ton to uphold the principles Involved
In the submarine issue.
Thus, it is hoped, the foundations OF a
more satisfactory esponse from Ger
many may be laid in advance OF the
desp itch Of the note OF the United
Statos. Many see in this the only hope
of bringing Germany to that frame Of
mind which is believed to he absolutely
essential If a break between the two
Governments In to be avoided.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1915-03-26
The Taxpayers League.

The Rathdrum taxpayers
league was perfected at the meet
ing held last Saturday evening
The complement of officers was
completed by the election OF DR..
D. D. brennan for vice president,
w. ]. Tucker for treasurer and w.
F. Fehlhaber for financial repre-
sentative.
The committee to CGur d'Alene
reported and the league adjounced
to meet April 3, at 3 p. m.
The league is to act as an auxll-
larry to the Kootenai County Tax
PAYERS association recently
organized at Ceur d'Alene, with
the object of keeping down anc
reducing expenditures in al
county, town and district Offices
Those present at the meeting
signed the membership roll, ant
citizens have been signing eve
since. Blanks are on hand TO
signatures at the Office of F. L
Farnsworth, secretary, and two o
three other places in town.