The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-06-18
League to Enforce Peace Is Organized in Philadelphia In Historic Independ-
 ence Hall
MANY PROMINENT MEN OF COUNTRY
 AID IN MOVEMENT
Adopt Resolutions Providing Judicial Tribunal for Nations Which Will Prevent Future
 Wars

ihttHurtputHs bnuf iss--fsitHtH tNc historic Independence HsII today--the anniversary Of the battle of Bunker Hiii-therc wns formed m orRaBixntion whose object will he to promote the creation of a League of Nations with view to preventing wars or. Rt IeRst, to lessen the possibilities of armed conflicts. The name adopted by the or ganizRtiou. after some debate, was "Ieague to Enforce Peace. American Branch"
 William H. Taft was elected permanent president and long list of representative American citizens were named as perms nent vice presidents. A permanent exec utlye committee also was selected
 The conference was not an assemblsee of what one participant termed pure peace" men, but a gathering of those who for the most part believe in trying to bring about peace even though they have to force.
 There was an animated discussion over the adoption of the name George w. kifehwey of Columbia university sug- gested that the name be changed to League to Establish and Maintain Peace" The proposed elimination of the word enforce found supporters. but it was defeated after q vigorous speech by A. Lawrence Lowell chairman of tho | resolutions committee.
 To Enforce Peace
 I've are here to enforce peace. other wise we have no business here at all,'' he l exeia wed with sn l. When you fight forest fire you light 1t with backfrc. i We nav q nete means to discourage war and that means Is the threat to use l force'
 Durug tue noop recess the resolutions committee formulated iis report and 1t was presented to the afternoon session by Chairman Lowell who said that some suggestions offered were rejected because they were not germane to the subject and because they could be better taken up in other ways. one of the principal sus- l gestions rejected he said, was that offered 1 by Victor C Berger Wisconsin. to pre- vent the signatory nations furnishing the l belligerent countries arms and ammu- i nition l Another one was offered by the Rev. pr. H. Perera Mendes of New York. IL pro- vided that the judicial tribunal of tho league of natons be composed Of Jurlsts' skilled diplomats and clergymen
 The resolutions as recommended by the committee and adopted by the meeting 1 read.
 .Throughout live thousand years Of re- | corded history, peace here and there es-
 
 been widened in one way only lndivid- uals have combined their efforts to sup- press violence in the local community. Communities have co-operated to nam tain the authoritative state and to pre- serve peace within it's borders. States have formed leagues or considerations or
 have otherwise eo-operated to establish
 peace among themselves Always peace has been made and kept when made ana
 kept at all by the superior power of su- l ,t,aarc
 common good.
 Should Devise Union
 Mindful of this teaching nf experience
 we believe and solemnly urge that tho time has come to devise and to create a working union of sovereign nations 10 cs-
 tabsh peace among themselves ana ,o
 guai antee 1t by all known and aNaiiapie
 sanctions at their command to the end
 that civilization may be conserved ana | the progress of mankind in comfort, en- Ilightenment and happiness may continue.
 'We therefore believe it to be desirable
 for the United States to join league or
 nations binding the signatories to the following:
 , '1 All iusthable' questions arising be-
 tween the signatory powers, not settled . by negotiations shall, subject to the imi-
 tations of treaties, he submitted to
 judicial tribunal for hearing and Judg- . ment both upon the merits and upon any ! issue as to it's jurisdiction of the ques- | ~ y ton.
 |, ''2 All other questions arising between
 the signatores and not settled by ne- { gotiati tions shall be submitted to a council | Of eonciliation for hearing, consideration
 and recommendation. . ''3 The signatory powers shall Jointly
 use forthwith both their economic and military forces against any one or tneir
 number that goes to war or commits acts of hostility against any other of the sig ' natories before any question arising shall - be submitted as provided in the forego- q ing.
 A. Conferences between the signatory 2 powers shall be held from time to time l, to formulate and codify rules Of interna- D tional law, which unless some signatory n shall signify it's dissent within stated
 period shall thereafter govern in the dis
 cussions of the judicial tribunal mentioned Y in article r.
 :, Moore Takes Chair As Mir. Taft had to leave the city early = he called Prof. John Bassett Moore of y Columbia university. to the chair. and Is before leaving gave hearty indorsement
 to the resolution. .'We are In favor of dos Ir ing something well as thinking some'- = thing" Mir. Taft said. III If the report of the committee meas n ures the highwater mark of it's hopes a. for the future. then | accept It: but | sd question whether 1t expresses the wisdom n- of experienced statesmen said Congress-
 man David J. Lewis of Maryland, whose pr principal objection to the report was that G. 1t did not prescribe rule of conduct for
 nations.
 Mir. Berger. who with MT. Kirchwey.
 voted against the adoption of the report. s characterized the report as too milttar- . istic."
 You are using too much force he oi said. You want more militarism to hghu ' miitarism. We don't want to be the IT. worlds sheriff or the worlds policeman. of To apply your plan 1t would requtre a ne bigger army and navy and it would have e. the United States in trouble all the time.