davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-05-10

WI attend Saen<rrfest Delegates
from the singing societies % pavsn-
port. Rock tsiaud and Moline met At
the Davenport Turner hail 20 make
plans for scu6!nE a delegation 90 the
annual sasakcrfest os the Northwest
SasuEerburd a. Omaha July @i-=f.
Joan Wander vas chosen Chairman.
William DiszcT secretary and J. Hu-
bsr treasurer. The local singers Viii
begin rebsarsinE Immediately and Niil
30 hard ~ ~ors until Nav -. when
Theodore Esihs. shs buud director.
~fit cone O. ths trf-eiti.s and hold a
b5< rehearsal This biz rehearsal viii
take place Jane 81 the Danish Broth
erhood hall owing 90 the fac; that
th@ prohibstion tsU goes into effect the
frst % uexs year the DELEGATES were
Instructed not 90 make efforts 20 bring
ths nexs -asia-ai meeting here Great
Interest IL being takes n this gears
szssEsrfest-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-05-10

Coiumbia raviFabi~ for ocean craft
from Astoria TO lewiston. a s00-miie
stretch.
Heretofore vessels have brer com
PEELED 90 stop a, Cello. FOR the Cello
falls made 'f~ river uuravi gable for a
distance o. I'VE miles az fhis point
C8rst-u-trr w1Ts IN tine canal
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-05-10

>~- FASTER Z. Appreciated Rev y.
= Nssshars % the -. Ambrose college
fscsisy. hss he~a appointed ~ a..
Esx. S.ssss- pSyls - tss, sAs.ossA.s
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-05-10

~r.Er f.s sHsfrH s~ ae-rrt se-.
fa- -- Hrassse Wiz. OF ea.rs- pro.
coed .Hs r-er.7g. rFsr ur rsff
s.-rT- .Hr $500 travel -sH ra-r.
a-r r #r-rHrE sTr-ers .F Do are
--..r V-s. The constant r.-r .ra
s H- corners v.'I ae agH#-H
HeH re HrfrF vas r-s rsr $500
-rr Vss fr e~e-r s-r.sH-l
sf one corner of rvrrf.-rs srrr-H saI
r -f sF-rs- 90 was enforced als a
Pew aFgFs vEsE EFr e1UEr.. rFse.strt
fs srf..F fsf FraHf-f Ts- brr-r owe
-r4 Fr- F9 advertise fsr aro raas.
sf before rr-ussH-afIr rrfs-.frE
.Ee r9r HfHus ordnance. sst
Conan ss.7H-F John tf lf-fft- f.s
FHrarE eve ere going Fe us
s. we wH Ht-.F EFs- sa ~
Hsrs-r s. some frfsrr ftr- aEs .rrE.
H sF H- Er-errF
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-05-10

Burxiars' Hail l. over $50 Plum
der % the estimated vaiIe OF $500 or
more was taken by burglars Who en-
tered the home os Niss Lena HaF.-
dorm az soc East Locust street ssfgr-
DAY. o. VAS stated that che robbers
has tak~'s an otter coat. mink muf
and collar. ana large quantity % sill
v~rvars. consisting % knives. forks
aut spoons Whether OF no: anything
else Of value vas Included in the haul
has cot as yet been discovered The
robbers Eaiaed entrances 60 the place
b. means % q -iimmy" on a side sin
dos. Thev Wert through the entire
house ard left traces % the work be-
bind them. o. was evident that the
robbers had taken the place either
duriaE the late afternoon or early "a
the evening The home iE situated
Just east % Arlington avenue on Lo-
Gust street
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-05-10
JITBUS ROUTING
BEING ENFORCED
esarss Mapped 0as ~ Caansil >sa-
bafs AFa Adaptsd Voluntarily
~ Drivers.
ssrrrfaEtE CHANGE - TEtT
r-ame rsassstiaa On -seaad Arsaas
zoe vsarfY - errat VIVA Nss
EaIrs f8r carriers.

frH1ss~s eo~rafiaF ts HseE tstasE
ssfse sfsrf-f over EEr route errserta.-
81 HF rs- etET raaGslssf5n fs "a sz~~s-
me arf .I asfs aEs. ssf wEfen ere
fsT owing vas F-setatsG sfEre F
asf been n force Dec Few Easrs
a aaf.eraHi- eaaaE- IG enc rr.rf ~
-sff-s.sa ~ ffsre on a-esef sseEs-
sss " r1GaF aaa FE- erw FaafseE
4r .H-s- esHrI-fs wuI Erig Fs rs1a-
aa aHt-r se Fsr mal1 rserssEsfsr-.
ss-f aFtf FaFsars tHr rsss BEERS
risFrs ~ssertsE tss eisT esst pro-
sect vest se rH.rf avesss as Gar az
Fr-rrss street. aarfE en FsftFeeth
sr---r ra H~r9Ft svrns-. rasr ora Sec
ssf 4H-Far .a rnresI-fs sFrrrF. sasss
4a rs-Hr-fs ssr--F FOL IN ri aFrea-
saf rs-aFr f7 e.fb~r Davenport er sfe.
#a-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-05-10

Isn< session ~ Court Closed After
che Longest session 0f fbe federal
court held here tr The parf three years
far term was brought fu q close SAT-
urfaV afternoon Court vaE opened
April So ard har continued until sat
urfsv aff-rrHac. being actively enc
gagged f1r FIHrHF ESQ weeks Judge
warfir , Wade and claude g. rpr-
prr Wp.uFF. uE~rr court vaii convene
t1m0rrpW morning fog fHr May term.
IRE rs8t session here ali open che
trsf Tuesday .u October
LieeH.sd o. Wed Ernst g. La--z
sri Bessie O. Keller. both of savar-
ga. rl. sad Walter p k1esfrr aud
fi~I~u Sweeney. both OF fEs c.'T-
obituary Record George uied-ch-
cen residing skr~~ miles Essf o. uay-
export 1r Telegraph road passed susy
10 fsr aE~ ~ e. after q lingering iji-
ness u~ uas born iu Gr1sz1'fbrgeh.
Germany. Dee 90 1854. aGi came 90
Ar~~iea and Co Davenport On 1850.
Eee-s be- has since resided In Feb
r4sFV OF 1900. be- married Atiss Dora
tst-sr. ut1 survives Besides hts wife
be- leaves bshisf him four brothers.
Peter ~ t.lrEfshTr Okla t.a1FrHz 90
OF Davenport. aaa Hssarier and JohaE-
res OF Germany also ore sister. CHr.F-
tlrs. Of Germany
Friedrich H-baiaE Tz years old.
passed away az hts home. 600 u.gls.un
street, after J6eE LiaesF- BE zas
H1Fs WaV 81. lsfs. in GF1ffcrt-esseu.
tfeeairnbgrE-S ehwertr. ana was mar
rsst 90 sophia FreuEd .u Germany. fie
cane 90 AmFriea ard 90 Davenport i1
S1Frab~r o. ts5s. ard ig i.s- hls aif~
died. o. June os isss be- married
FFteder5eEs Goeiirifz. who survives
Hr leaves besides his 05fr. three sons.
Fritz. uenTy aud Harry. az Of pavsn-
port. ar1 tF8 dalEhtsFs. Emma az
hamr and Nrs T.. s.. susrmihl o. Gen
sseo. IA There are also two sisters la
Germany Twelve EFaudchiilrru and
two great grandchildren are left The
faa~rai was held this afternoon a. g
O'Clock from tfe bone. 200 Division
street tstrrmeut VAS IN Paramount
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-05-10

All the news all the time = The
Argus.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-05-10

J. NJ SHERIER, Local Forecaster.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09

the market in the very early hours OF
the morning. Upon its fresh condition
depends largely its price and desirable
ity- Therefore until the recent adOp-
tiOn of the motor truck by the market
gardener. his piece Of land must neces-
sarily be very close to his city market.
for delivery in the shortest possible
time after being taken from the ground
is the first principle Of successful gar
deninE.
Forty or fifty miles from the city.
land can be had at agricultural prices
that make success possible in almost
any kind OF farming. Today it makes
little difference whether a good farm
is on the railroad or near the railroad.
II IL is on n good county road and
within three or four hours travel from
market by a motor truck-and three
or four hours travel by motor truck
means exactly a journey Of one OF two
days for q team Of horses drawing
ton OF two at load. The truck travels
up and down hill without noticeable
change Of speed and can be run on
schedule as accurate as a railroad
train; its schedule may be so adjusted
as TO enable the farmer 10 deliver his
early morning goods from a distance.
and return home in good season to
devote the greater part OF his day TO
his farm duties.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
ESTABLISHES RECORD
FOR TOURING CARS

Chester d. Henry. manager OF the
Cadillac Sales company. has received
advices from the Cadillac factory that
in a recent test on the Chicago speed
day, the new type Cadillac eight es-
tablished new speed records for touring
cars for 100 miles and for the distance
travelled in one hour.
SCATTERING speed records for 100
miles and for the hour. the new eight
cylinder Cadillac established itself as
the fastest touring car made in
America. II not in the world.
The distance covered during the first
so. minutes was 72.41 miles and 100
miles were travelled in 50 minutes. 46
seconds. This latter is an average or
1913 miles per hour, the car therefore
miles increased.
This not only eclipsed all other
American touring car records, but It
broke the records established only
about two hours previously by another
Cadillac Of the same type.
The second car beat the first by 1.35
miles for the hour and the time varia-
ton was only one minute. 30 As sec
Onds for 100 miles, showing wonderful
uniformity in the running Of the two
cars.
The aggregate time Of the two cars
for zoe miles was 167 minutes, , As
seconds.
The tests were conducted primarily
for the purpose OF trying out certain
principles in designing and engineer
ing. the speed accomplishments being
merely incidental thereto
The cars used were the seven-pas-
senger type. FULLY equipped including
top, windshield. extra wheel and tire.
The first car was one which had
previously been used for some expert
mental work. while the second was
brand new. taken direct from the
finishing room at the Detroit factory.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
AUTO BUSINESS IS
STILL ON INCREASE

Ever since the automobile industry
became one of the leading factors in
the commercial world, predictions have
been made that a reaction would take
place Those prognosticators who had
II all figured out that the turning
point would come in 1914 or 1915 were
as near to the truth as the positive in
dividual who said the war could not
last after June.
According TO John y. WHY'S. presi-
dent OF the Willys-Overland company.
the stability Of the industry is greater
today than at any time since its in
ception.
Any suggestions that the growth of
fhe automobile business IS only tenn
porary," says Mr.. WHY'S. is not
taken seriously by some thinking peo-
pie who have watched its growth and
Development during the past fifteen
years Twice during that time il has
passed through national panics without
even foltering and is perhaps the only
big industry that has never received
a serious setback"
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
LIFE OF MOTOR CAR IN
WAR ZONE Is 20 DAYS

The life Of the average motorcar. 4"
says writer IN the war zone. lis less
than 30 days" not referring to de-
struction by shot and shell. but to wear
and tear, the inability Of the car to
hold up under hard service over rough
roads. Here, for the first time the
automobile world is finding out what
happens when a motor car is driven by
men who cannot spare thought for
the car, but only for the service they
get out Of it,"
The biggest problem the motorist
faces today is wear and tear and de-
probation" says an official of the
Franklin Automobile company. in a
communication to Leo J. frost. the To-
cal agent Of the Franklin. Last year
the two items alone cost the car own
ers Of America 100000, 900. Your aver
age owner hesitates to demand from his
car all the service he has a right to
expect He is always favoring the en-
CINE. the tires, the complex system OF
parts and plumbing. Taking all pos
si6le care he still faces an unreason-
able depreciation"
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09

TT a recommendation was needed Tor
the International truck. it can get
Il that from any member OF The Her
aid staff who happened TO make the
trip last Saturday and sunday to Van
Patten's Dripping Springs resort above
Las Cruces.
Two Of these trucks were used to
convey the largest part of the crowd
OF Herald employees that attended the
picnic and both trucks made the trip
TO the resort up in the organ noun
talns and back without a bobble Go
ing up. one Of the trucks made the
trip In four hours and fOrty-five min
utes elapsed time although a stop OF
several minutes was ade in Las Cruz
ces- The start was made from FL Paso
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
GOODYEAR CLOSES
SUCCESSFUL YEAR

Last Wednesday witnessed the con-
cIusion Of the most successful and sig
nificant sales conference in the history
Of the GOODYEAR Tire and Rubber COM
panv For a week district managers
and branch managers from all over 1ne
country We're the company guests a.
Akron. The sensational record TOT VI W.
80 inst ended vas reviewed. and
plans laid for the company's partlclpa-
ton in the harvest of 1916
There was general consralul'ill ~
over the fact that despite every Ou-
stqcle due TO war. general business con
dirfous and continued rains over vast
sections Of the country. the z.ouO,u''
mark set for the automobile tire De
partueut a year ago had been reache,l
and passed. tt has been GoodE ear >
greatest business year. and the con-
Sensus Of opinion Of the company's rep
resentatives from coast TO coast IS
that 1916 win be o SKIN greater one
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
AN INTERNATIONAL TRUCK.

ct $3.50 in the afternoon and Van Pat
tens was reached at Sis. Returning,
the same truck left the resort at three
o'clock in the afternoon and got back
into FL Paso at 6;45. with a stop Of
IS minutes I'm Las Cruces. There was
no hill too steep, no sand too deep
for this truck. a car Of 1000 pounds
capacity and loaded to carry every
ounce Of the capacity
The other truck. Of 1900 pounds ca
pacity. did just about as well in the
time it made and carried a capacity
load also.
Two other cars that started from FL
Paso-tOuring cars-failed to make the
trip. of two cars that were secured
in Las Cruces and started for the top,
only one made the trip. Thus of four
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
FIRsT no CLINIB PEAK.

The first motor car TO reach the top
of Sacramento mountain in New Mexico
was a Studebaker. The peak. which
has an altitude of 5000 feet. is known
as ClOUdcroft-'the top Of the world.
stony and in places, trails that were
hardly broken, the Studebaker made
the upward climb Of more than two
miles without the least trouble. So
remarkable was the achievement that
souvenir most cards have been made
from a photograph OF the car taken at
the mountain top. The-wild setting,
backed by shapely evergreens, forms an
attractive picture
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
DETROIT HAS BIG
ELECTRIC FACTORY

While Detroit is famed as me center
OF the automobile industry, it is per
haps. not so well known that for years
that city has held within It's 3ounos
the largest factory in the world ds-
voted to the manufacture OF electIlc
pleasure vehicles This plant is that OF
the Anderson Electric Car company
builders Of the Detroit Electric
Tn this plant. covering IL acres u
floor space are produced more than
one-third Of all the standard electric
pleasure ears built today
Not only is this factory the largest
Of its kind but 10 is also the most
completely equipped with up-tO-date
machinery and devices for securing ac-
curate and rapid production 1t COM
pares favorably in equipment with any
gasoline car factory that can be named
named.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
SHIPPING SAXONS
BY THE THOUSAND

Following the announcement OF the
new series Saxon siX-cylInder and four
cylinder cars the Saxon Motor company
of Detroit, has begun quantity ship
ments Of both these models. and dealers
all over the country are rapidly being
supplied to take care Of the large num-
Der Of orders Tor quick delivery
At the close Of the month Of Sep
TENDER, which was the largest in the
history Of the Saxon company, there
we're on hand orders for more than 5000
cars. Dealers have been writing and
wiring. and in some cases making per
sonal visits, TO secure greatly increased
aIlotments, declaring that they have
sold many cars merely by Specifications
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
FOXHALL KEENE FOLLOWS
FATHERS STEPS IN RACES

Baltimore. Nd. oct. 9--AmOng the
newcomers in racing in this state this
fall viii be FoXhau =. Keene. son Of
the late noted New York flnancier.
James r. Keene. who in the heydev of
the sport headed the list Of winning
Thoroughbred owners in this country
for years, sending TO the post such no.
tables as SySOnby. Colin and Celt
Young Mr. keene will send TO Laurel
Park next month a half doben two
year-Olds TO start in the stakes 20 be
run during the annual meeting Of the
MARYLAND stafa fair
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
Has NAY PAINTED on CAR.

Joseph Parmley, of Aberdeen. S. D..
president Of the Yellowstone Trail
association is an enthusiastic booster
of the newest national highway. Upon
the side Of his new Studebaker car Mr..
Parmley has had placed in gold leaf
map Of the trail from Plymouth Rock
70 the Pacific ocean. Plymouth Rock,
the eastern terminus is shown Just be-
meath the windshield on the right side
Of the car. The yellow ribbon follows
the contour Of the body back and
around to the Seattle end. just ahead
Of the foredOOr on the left side. The
cities are named, and park scenes in
color mark the resort points. Mr..
Parmley proposes TO drive the car over
the Yellowstone trail. from one end to
the other, and VIII undoubtedly be sue
cessful in attracting for the trail, the
attention desired.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09

touring cars that started either from
Ell PasO or Las Cruces for the resort,
only one arrived. OF the two trucks,
both arrived safely at the top and mel
Their had any trouble negotiating the
steep hills nor the deep sand There
is some very deep sand above Las
Cruces, also some very steep grades
and rocky roads, but the InternatiOnals
kept going all the time. Very little
water had 10 be put into either radia-
tor in making the climb. Returning,
not a drop Of water was put into the
radiator OF either Ca. Very little oil
and gasoline were consumed Alto
gether The Herald force is highly
pleased at the conduct OF the two In
ternatiOnals and vote of thanks was
rendered the Oakland Auto Sales COM
pany local agent for the truck
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
nI1-r RInnnN - 1IANWEII..

workmanship. performance and value
for the money. the judges at the big
Laporte. Ind. fair awarded first tour
ing car prize TO the Maxwell. thereby
ending one OF the most interesting and
hard-fought competitions Of the eXhi-
bitfOn-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09

There are now 1890 mororcgr7 in Oklahoma
CITY The horses number 1913 and ere
valued at s5G.35o. The ulules number %
with a valre OF 1885 The total OF horses
and mules is 1917 and the value Of both but
S7o.7S5-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09

The good Oh fashioned flavor DE
1iciouslv t'-Sulzlerger's Ma
iestic Ham and Bacon Phone your
DeaIer-Advertise
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09
ISSUE DOPE ON
THE 1916 CARS
Statistics Tell Price, Bore
and Stroke and Wheel
base of New Models.

In the table below viii he found a list q
motor car models for the season Of 1916
Price whee-base. bore ara stroke OF each
model are included in the list
Eorrr C,-Iiuder
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09

The housewives daily problem is.
What shall I give them to eat?" An
swer-Sulzberger's Majestic Ham and
BGcon--Advertis
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09

II is estimated that so percent of the
e.000, 600 motor cars in use in the
United States are owned by farmers,
and the percentage is increasing each
year. 1t is estimated that so percent
OF the 1915 output viii go TO the farm
ing communities
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09

Guns for Rent and repaired. Allen
Arms and Cycle c-Advertisement
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-10-09

.HIs is the story OF the intimate
relationship between the conges-
= tion Of population in the cities OF
Omaha daily bee., 1915-04-18
Jess Willard Once
Wanted to Be a Cop
in City Of Topeka

Just think what Topeka missed The
town had a chance once TO hire Jess VIII
lard as a policeman and turned It down.
And Jess missed being q flatfoot II hap
pened this way; Willard had undertaken
to sell Texas land. but his big bulk didn't
help sell land. He landed In Topeka one
day almost broke" As he walked up
the street he observed one of Tcpeka's
finest on parade and thereupon the COM
Ing champ decided he would be sleuth
He went TO the police station and found
the chief.
what do you want?" he asked the
oyergrown country boy.
Il want job as a policeman" Willard
ar swered. glancing enviousiy at the blue
uniform of an officer who was in the
same room.
DO you live here7'' the chief inquired.
NO" Jess Willard replied. Il live on
a farm at Emmett. For some time ! have
been selling Texas land. but want TO
settle down and become an officer here
Sorry" answered the chief. as he ad-
n'ired the physique Of the Emmett farmer,
''but you will have to live here six months
before you can go on the force. We arc
full, anyway" And Jess went back Home.
Omaha daily bee., 1915-04-18
is AFTER JOHNNY KILDANE
Young Drummie of Jersey City is
Anxious to Take Crack at the
Featherweight Champion.
HE WANTS TO BET REAL COIN

JERSEY CITY. N. j.. April n.--seleot-
ing an opponent for Champion Johnny
Kilbane Is not the easy task II superb
ciAlly appears There are any number
of good boys In the featherweight divi-
sion throughout the country. but few OF
them figure to stand more than a mere
outside chance OF deposIng the title
holder. The clevelander apparently out
classes his rivals so far that he has a
long-term mortgage on the championship
This. however. does not deter ambl-
ttous youth from challenging him. One
of these chaps is Young Drummie. the
Jersey City featherwelght. and a real
promising boxer. Fans over that way
think very highly OF this little fellow
and believe that he IL the most formida-
bic contender for the title In the division.
! That he Ia boxer OF more than aver
age ability all who have seen him per-
form will admit. but whether he meas
ures up to Kilbane's standard is a ques-
ton that only a bout between the two
will answer.
Drummie has the utmost confidence In
himself. and his manager shares his
faith. Pete Fitzgerald, who has been at
tending TO Young Shugrue's business
ever since the latter split with Tommy
Lee is Drummie's guide and counsellor.
Pete says that he has 81 200 which he is
ready TO post as a forfeit To bind match
between Kilbane and Drummie the mo-
ment Johnny signifies a willingness 10
scrawl his signature TO a set OF articles.
Pete would have the match 60 twenty
rounds to decision before the New Or
leans or Connecticut club offering the
best inducements.
Like all managers. Pete Is loud in his
praise OF the boy he handles Drummie
merits II to a certain extent There
never was boxer yet who deserved ali
the nice things his manager said about
him. but In Drummie Pete has young
ster who really is worthy OF his praise
Omaha daily bee., 1915-04-18
Cubans, Peevish at
Boxing, Want Bull
Fighting Resumed

HAVANA, April 17.-Following the VIII
lard-Johnson fight here a decided feeling
against prize fighting has arisen among
the Cubans. A petition with $4,000
signatures has been presented to the
senate demanding the repeal of the box
ing law and asking for the restitution OF
bull fighting, the favorite cuban sport
under the Spanish rule.
The newspapers are hostile toward box.
ing and bitter In their criticism OF the
American promoters who handled the
Willard bout. Accounts OF unpaid
salaries and bills left behind have been
given much publicity
Moving pictures OF several rounds OF
the battle have been shown In Havana
theaters Johnson tried TO stop the ex-
hibitions, but failed. The pictures shown
were some taken surreptitiously by To-
cal firm. The fact that pictures could
be taken in this manner shows that the
fight was conducted in loose manner.