davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11
PRISONS IN THE PAST
A Sidelight on Conditions in the
Days of the Revolution.

To the Editor OF The Tribune
Sir: The newspapers contain dispatches
nearly every day with relation to the aHaln
of the state prison at Ossinng, and the e.
forts of Warden Osborne to improve the COT
dition Of the inmates. Those who know about
the physical condition of the buildings At
Sing Sing Prison are agreed that the state
needs a new building, which should be con-
structed in a healthful location and With
proper sanitation.
And yet, while we lament over our present
shortcomings, if we recall TIE condition OF
our prisons in this state in the past IL 10
easy to see that we have improved very much,
compared to the way in which our ancestors
treated those unhappy enough TO be confined
a century ago.
In 1777 the first state assembly was held
in the courtroom of the old Courthouse ia
Kingston, which was at that time the Sta.
Capitol. The prisoners were confined in the
Jail on the first floor. below the courtroom.
The vivacious Gouverneur Morris, who was
one of the subcommittee Of three 70 produc.
the first constitution of the state, on March
i8 offered the following preamble and reso-
luton:
"Whereas, From the past want Of care in
the prisoners now confined in the jail, I'm
medately underneath the convention cham
Der. the same is supposed TO have become IN
wholesome; and very nauseous and disagree
able efsluva arises, which may endanger the
health of the members of this convention,
therefore
Resolved. That for the preservation Of their
health the members of this convention be q.
liberty, at their pleasure, to smoke in the
convention chamber while the house Is sit
ting and proceeding on business"
This resolution was unanimously adopted
To the mind accustomed to the practice Of
modern medicine the method proposed By
Gouverneur Morris seems q good deal Ike
treating symptoms rather than the cause ofths
disease. However, the instance proves tbs!
even in prison management "the world DO
move" STEVEN B. AYRES,
Lecturer on New York State History a. New
York University.
The Bronx, July s, 1915.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11
German Southwest Africa.

Very naturally, Americans reading OF
the surrender of the Germans in South
west Africa will recall the similar col
lapse of French power in Canada a cen
fury and a half ago. Now as then, while
Europe was engaged in struggles of
desperate character, Great Britain is
sweeping other continents clear OF her
rivals colonial empire.
The parallel goes further, too. The
American colonists who fought with the
British troops in the colonial wars were
as determined as the British that French
possession in America should be termi-
rated. To-day it is the colonial troops of
the Union Of South Africa who have
alone conquered German Southwest Afri-
ca, as the Australian and New Zealand
forces took German islands in the Pacific
Neither the Union Of South Africa nor
Australia will conceivably consent to any
restoration of German colonies after the
war. German Southwest Africa was to
be the cornerstone Of a German empire
in Africa which was to stretch from the
Congo to the Cape. The Beers were to
be citizens of this empire. German pro-
fessors blandly forecast their rising
against British rule. This colony was the
headquarters for the spreading Of unrest
and the fomenting of treason in British
territory.
Now that the South Africans, led by
Boer general, have conquered the Ger
man colony, they will insist upon annexa-
ton as the only guarantee of peace hence
forth, and Great Britain will have no
choice but to accede, however European
conditions may stand.
Of all her colonies Southwest Africa
cost Germany most dearly. Blood and
treasure have been wasted here for years.
1t is only in very recent years that peace
full development, railroad and harbor
building have begun. And now all is lost.
Southwest Africa has gone with Togo,
Kiao- Chau, Samoa. Kamerun is in the
process Of conquest by French and British
expeditions. East Africa is open to at
tack and without adequate garrison.
While she has been gaining trenches in
Flanders and Artois, Germany has been
losing a colonial empire in Africa.
Unless experience proves an inaccurate
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11
GERMAN REASONING
Wholly Deductive, the Foundation
of Barbarism.
To he Editnr of The Tribune.

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: German reasoning is deductive, and
hence you cannot circumvent it. 1t is Of pos
sIble service in the realm Of detail, but Ger
mar thought has never given any empire
truth to the world, such evolution, nebular
hypothesis, foundation of mind in motion,
the Magma Charta, democracy These large
truths have their origin exclusively in the
;nductive methods. German thought, as that
Of the absurd Schopenhauer, assumes what
il wants to prove. This is the foundation Of
bar5arism. The deductive method is vicious
and dangerous, tears up treaties, is rough
shod. whereas the inductive method is patient
and humane. Hence the futility OF arguing
with German.
The statement that Germany, war thirsty
for ages, was forced into war. is but con-
tinuation of the rawlings OF their deductive
philosophy. The deductive method is mental
violence and it gives origin to every other
kind The demand that the export of arms
stop on the specious Pecksniffian plea that
It adds to slaughter is more deductive rea-
soning.
This is inductive thinking: To stop
daughter, stop Germany. Let her stop the
chipment of arms into inofensve Belgium
and France. To stop slaughter, stop the
cause, and Germany is the wanton, diabolical
cause dating from the day she refused and
discouraged arbitration. The inductive habit
goes to root causes, the deductiye invents
excuses.
They need to use the telescope as much as
the microscope in Germany. No deductive
people could understand the nations, for the
dedrctive deals in the particular and tho in
ductive in the general Matthew Arnold in
Couture" said that every proficiency pays its
penalty in some deficiency. And the tribute
aiken by German emnence in the de- J in
chemical research, is loss Of the poT OF
cmoiric research in the realm Of univ
laws The deductive method penalties every
people by lack of humanity and especially
lack of culture. Human rights is an inductive
'erm; it is beyond the detail and hence you
dor't hear the Germans putting much accent
on it.
Their brains are in their fingers, though in
reasoning powers they childish.
GEORGE L. REEFS.
Brooklyn, July 5, 1915.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11
A Preliminary Peace Conference
n the Editor Of The Tribune.

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: Please permit me in your columns to
present some of the reasons in favor of ef-
forts by neutrals to secure a continuous con-
ference between the beligerents, whereat
terms and conditions looking toward peace
shall be discussed until peace is established
or until formal peace conference is organ
lied.
Before a durable peace can be concluded,
which shall be internationally equitable TO
ALL including neutrals, there must be care
fully considered the future influence upon en-
during peace, consisting of more intricate me-
chsrical problems than in all the combined
previous peace conferences Of the world.
These include a settlement of questions of
fac: regarding the future certainties, and the
possibilities of both aerial and submarine
warfare and the future neutral control of the
seas. A thorough consideration of the bear
ing Of these and other essentials incident to
enduring peace could not be prepared for final
consideration in less than three months, and
II deferred until bellgerent sues for peace
will not receive the consideration that will
properly safeguard the rights of neutrals as
well Of belligerents.
Therefore if preliminary and continuous
conference between the belligerents can be Sc
cured by the enorts or neutraIs, at whlch
these and other preliminaries can be discussed
in advance, it seems reasonable to believe that
it would not only be beneficial as stated but
possibly bring about a peace sooner than il
one nation must be first so Frustrated as to be
forced to sue for peace.
Finally, it seems probable that the bellger-
ents may soon perceive that modern means
OF warfare make the outlook for long con-
tinuation of this war, without any common
surate gain as compensation. likelihood. and
make cumulative prostration a certainty TO
ell. no matter what the outcome; it may n
that they will all welcome such conference
between them looking to an enduring peace.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11

One thing no nation can do is to permit
the murder Of its own children, acting in
accordance with right and on its own ad-
vice. To do this is not merely to accept
dishonor; II Is to surrender national indie
pendence.
We have come, then, to the crisis. There
is left only the possibility that what Ger
many has threatened she will not do. We
can. and The Tribune believes we should,
recall Ambassador Gerard, since further
negotiations seem impossible. But this is
but a detail. The real problem is the
action the United States must take II Ger
many again puts into operation the prln-
ciples she applied to the Lusitania and re-
afirms in her latest note. Is there any
American citizen who can doubt what that
action must be?
Every patriotic feeling will move Amer
leans to-day to give TO President wilson
loyal, sympathetic, complete support. The
honor of the nation is in his keeping and
the making of the future will be shaped
nv his decisions. Since Abraham Lincoln
no man has borne graver responsibility
but this time he is sure of the support oil
a united country, nation and people
But. while waiting patiently and conn
IDENTIFY upon his decision, let us not bind
ourselves to the issue nor shrink from
the eventualities. Germany has massa-
cred American citizens, and in response
to a demand that murder cease and that
there be reparation for previous killing
the German government has replied that
it reserves the right to kill Americans In
defiance of international law and without
regard for ordinary humanity when 1t
chooses. and except on certain conditions
which it has laid down. Once the issue IS
established, what further debate can be
required?
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11
Criminal Stupidity" Analysed.

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: | see that you again have aroused
the ire of some pro-Germans by your erin
inal stupidity" Nothing characteriIes the
PrussianiZed German more than his inabll-
ity to take part in a discussion without be-
coming abusive and calling names. Til:
amiable habit is one Of the much Wanted
advantages of Prussian military training
The men must stand the vilest abuse froH
their petty officer, and to get even they U"
the billingsgate they learn among themselves
in their conversation. Then il becomes Their
second nature to use it all the time.
Now, let US see what your criminal SUI
pidity" consists of: % You connected HON
or Muenter with the German partisans here
making the latter responsible FOR the outrage
of zone crank" But he is not the hls'
Crank" How about the fellow who put tas
internal machine on La Touraine? HOW
about the other fellow who tried to blow W
the Canadian bridge at Niagara? ~ An.
other pro-German resents the suggestion ths'
the German government approves OF sueh
deeds as Hollis. II the German government
had not brought the spy system TO suen
fine point the resentment might stand upO.
more solid ground The assumption tns'
iiVl' was Palu NetIh@h ePf 20 go.
enough. Who financed his various en'e'
prises? 90 Maybe you are "crimlnaliy So
pid" for this reason: The Kaiser has pr
claimed himself the instrument oil ".
Lord" hence entitled "to crush eyery'n'ns
in his path" You do not acknowledge t. ~.
as a divine instrument. and you dispute y.
right to crush. Such heresy in che eyes o.
military drilled Prussisn and OF SOS a.
hyphcnateds may be criminal" and "s'up'y,,
but you have herein the rest OF the Won
for company. L. II. RlChIH~
New York. July g. 1915
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11
Our First Pan-American.

In a recent address to the Kentucky
State Bar Association Mr.. John Bassett
Moore paid a deserved tribute to Henry
Clay's services as a champion of Pan
Americanism. Clay has many titles to
fame. He was a thorough nationalist
when most of his contemporaries in public
life were still sectionalsts first and Ameri-
cans afterward. He was in all things a
builder, thinking in terms Of the future.
In the very narrow world of his day he
linked imagination with practical states
manship and lived up to the breadth of his
visions of national destiny.
1t was therefore in keeping with his
character that he should have begun as
early as 1917 to agitate in Congress for
an adjustment of our relations with the
Spanish colonies, which were
then just beginning to achieve political
independence. He advocated recognition
of the new republican governments and the
dispatch of ministers or diplomatic agents
to represent us at the capitals of the new
states.
In this he was in advance Of contem-
porary sentiment, which feared that Spain
would resent such move. He tried in
vain in two Congresses to secure an au-
thorization of diplomatic missions, and it
was not until 1921 that the Monroe admin
istration came to his aid and the fight
was won.
After he became Secretary of State
under John Quincy Adams he had the
pleasure of appointing two commissioners
from this country to the congress of Span
ish-American powers at Panama. Our
Congress again opposed him, and delayed
the departure of the commissioners so long
that the Panama meeting was over before
they reached the isthmus. But up to the
time when the MEXICAN War clouded and
embttered our relations with Latin Amer
lea Clay tried in every practicable way to
encourage trade and friendship with the
nations to the south of us, with which, in
his view we were bound some day to con-
sttute a great New World community.
1t has taken nearly century for Clay's
ideas to strike deep into our national con-
seriousness. Now outward pressure is fCrt-
unately Fastening our own slow realiza-
tion of the value of close commercial and
political relations with the other Ameri-
can states. There is less occasion today
for insisting on the one-sded implications
Of the Monroe Doctrine We need these
states almost as much as they need us.
There must be a new growth of Pan
Americanism in trade, intercourse, educa-
ton and cultural relations, as well as in
the field of politics. 1t is for this genera
ton to translate into reality Clays in3pir-
ing and generous dream.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11

guide, these losses are permanent, while
the gains in Europe will prove temporary.
But it is the German place in the sun
outside Of Europe beyond the seas that
has been the lodestar Of German ambi-
ton for half generation. That dream,
at least. the Great War has shattered.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11

1t is believed that the American people are
strongly in favor of the United States gov
eminent taking the initiative in this matter,
and that the beligerent governments would
not ignore this righteous prayer of the neu-
trail governments of the earth or refuse to APP
point delegates to such continuous confer
ence looking toward peace.
CARROLL LIVINGSTON RIKER.
Brooklyn, July 2, 1915.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11
Deutsches Uber Allies.

To the Editor of The Tribune. -.
Sir: Muenter's, alias Frank Holts' s1V, =,
ing of Mr. Morgan is but another resa'
the belief in Deutsches uber Allesl o,v
Chicago, July z, 1915. j. A. 10"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11

The hold-up by highwaymen Of party Of
tourists in Yellowstone Park is a reminder
that the West of Bret Harte and the dime
novel romancers still has a Pickering exist
ence outside the temples of motion picture
drama.
Henry Ford is undertaking to teach the
public to eat less. II prices of foodstufs con-
tinue to rise the public won't need any such
teaching
d II Holt Cor Muenter) were alive to-day we
might know what happened on the Mime
haha. This is addressed to those who con-
sidered his suicide a fortunate deliverance.
Rush TO Gas Gusher" sounds like a newly
invented tongue twister, but it's only a news
paper headline.
That was an exciting voyage of the tank
steamer Llama. But seagoing tanks are no
strangers to exciting voyages.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11

p,erce a, IN. rOs,O-c. Z. New ,rR Second GAS MAI
Matter.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-11

onna and rubli,hed daily BY The Tribune Association,
~. york ccrpor.on Ogden NJ Reid President q Ne,'
ROGER, Secretary and Treasurer Address lr'oun" "'
No iS1 Nassau Street. New York
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1915-07-22
A Hard Luck Story.

Yes, sir, last winter was sure a
tough one for me. | was in Kay
See and couldn't get Job. | was
just about broke. \ guy who
worked in a wholesale fruit house
on Walnut Street had been slipping
me few bananas and apples when
l went around there, and that was
about all ! was getting TO eat. |
walked to the river one morning,
and just before l got there | heard
somebody crying for help. | ran
to the liver blnk and saw the guy
who worked in the fruit house in
the river drowning. first thought
would save him, and then |
thought about his job, and beat it
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1915-07-22

back to where he worked. | rush
Ell into the office and told the
manager that the fellow that work
ell there was drowned in the river,
aud that ! wanted hi; job. The
manager told me that l was too
lave, that the Teller who had push.
ed him in the liver was already at
wo:k At the job. That sure was
tough luck. "-C,ss County Demo
ctat.
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1915-07-22

DR.. Tupper, formerly WIS pastor OF
the First Baptist church in Denver
with its more than a Thousand mem
bers. His church has Just completed
the erection of an elegant. and nam
moth church structure; has barge Ell.
dcwment for the poor and for mis-.
sions.
The subject of his lecture is ttOpti,
mism VS.. Pessimism; or Seeing the
Bright Side. of Things"
A sccona'Wijietsss '4tsss-- =
He is a CHEEKY optimist through and
through. He is tho worthy successor
Of DR.. Willetts, that grand old man
whose Sunshine" lecture has brought
cheer to so many thousands. =
He believes in taking radiant view
of things-always. Not some Of the
time;; but all of the time He says
that even in this period Of business de-
preston, American business men must.
not look too exclusively ON the dark
side of things. IN his lecture he deals
wittily and yet philosophically with
the average pessimist as the man who
Is, always expecting nothing and is dis
appointed If he doesn't get it.
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1915-07-22
is NOTED PREACHER.
KERR BoYcE TUPPER OF PHILA.
DELPHiA COMING HERE.
SPEAKS AT CHAUTAUQUA End DAY
Pastor Of the Finest Baptist Church
In merica-Formerly Of the
Big First Church In
Denver.

1t was wisely planned that we should
have as one of the numbers of our
Chautauqua a great preacher of the
Gospel; man of large spiritual and
mental dimensions who has filed n
large place in the work of the church
and who stands high among church
men of the country in all denomina-
tons.
Such man n Kerr Boyce Topper,
d. D., LII. D., pastor Of the finest Bap-
fist church in America, which is locat-
ed in West Philadelphia.
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1915-07-22

Be doers rather than critics of the
deeds that others do. Stand stoutly
for your ideals; but keep in mind that
they can only be- realized, even par
TALLY, by practical methods of achieve
ment.-Theodore Roosevelt.
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1915-07-22
Act of Goodness Its Own Reward.

Let us never forget that an act of
goodness is of itself an act of happi-
ness. No reward coming after the
event can compare with the sweet
reward that went with it.-Maurice
Maeterlinck
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1915-07-22
Frank Confession.

The long hair that some musicians
wear is not always the result of an
artistic temperament. We knew one
who frankly confessed that he would
rather spend rs cents for beer than to
throw the money away for haircut,
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1915-07-22
Well Supplied,

Anyway, man never has to worry
about ventilating system for his air
eastles.-Los Angeles Express.
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1915-07-22


the the SUNNI du muSdan of ghnnk|
deds nd
oneo and
CURED Europe th md has epd tt praise fmuco lovers he
@ beer dnpe times tmusP k in New york.
ar e|
Of
ymual entire coming be nvek te umen|
only New bh
II
out NeydN
you son
h heart
ewo ns
apeddpo td Dywhd is heGhhd
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-17

over a great distance and naturally the
submarines choose the night time for
battery charging. The destroyers and
armed motor boats gather in the sub
marine-infested area after night has
fallen and by careful listening detect
the location of the submarines, creep
upon them quietly and then make a fl
nal dash to get them with the gun or
the ram before they can submerge
The contemplation of a lingering
death in u sunken submarine may well
strike terror TO the stoutest heart, and
the British admiralty have made deadly
use of the psychology Of the situation
by refraining from making any men
ton Of the time or place of the des-
truction of the U-boats. When the dis
turbance of the floats at the top of a
torpedo net showed that submarine
was entangled the U-boat was hauled
to the surface, shot full Of holes and
allowed TO sink without word being
published of the occurrence.
The psychological effect upon the
personnel of the submarine service OF
this absolute silence as to the fate OF
the submarines after they have left
! Wilhelmshaven or the mouth of the
/ Flbe must be simply appalling.
So long as the fate Cf the U-boati
which were destroyed or captured il
! the earlier weeks of the war was mad
known, the horror Of uncertainty wa.
missing, but during the past few
months over half a hundred boats hav,
failed to return. They saluted as the
steamed out from their naval base, anC
that was the last that was seen o
heard of any one Of them.
present contest is one Of nerves.
so, it may well be a question whethe
this portentous silence which has 70
lowed the passage of the U-boats upo
the high seas has not been a POVERTY
factor in breaking down the Germa
submarine warfare.--From the Scient;1
IL American
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-17
Elliot Retires from Business.

The following from the White River
Junction Landmark will be read with
interest by many local friends Of Mr..
Elliot, who was a clerk here III the
store of Mellen & Proctor before go
ing to White River Junction:
I'D. A. Elliott, for the past IL years
conducting hardware store III this
place, has sold his store and business
good will to LaFountain, Woolson q
Co. of Springfield. The transaction was
completed Tuesday, Dec. IA, the new
firm taking possession on "Wednesday
morning, Dee. Is.
q Mr.. Elliott bought the store of the
Hartford Hardware Co., April t, 1904
and since that date has been closely
affiliated with local commercial life
His retirement from active business is
greatly regretted by his fellow mer
chants just what Mr.. Elliott S future
plans are is as yet unknown.
LaFountain, Woolson & Co. are alsc
the owners of a hardware establishment
at Windsor. 1t is understood that Guy
n. Smith, for the past several year:
Mr.. Elliott S right hand man, will con
tinue to serve the pubic in the same
capacity with the newcomers. Hr. Eli
OFT will remain in charge of the stor'
for the coming two weeks. -