davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
of Farmers Was
Big Help in Waging War
On HOOf and Mouth Disease

dividual with a weakness for dogs, of
which he owned five or six, ignored
the regulation which required all dogs
to be tied up in order to prevent their
picking up and spreading the disease.
With him as with the calf owner it
was the neighbors who objected. The
sheriff tied up the dogs and their
owner paid a fine of $25. A week or
10 days afterwards he was punished
more severely by the loss of all his
cattle which had come down with the
disease and had 10 be slaughtered.
There had been no previous outbreak
in that neighbOrhOOd for three weeks.
Although dogs, as in this case, and
chickens unquestionably act as me-
chanlcal carriers in spreading the dis
ease, in Indiana and Michigan the
Creameries were found to be one of
the chief sources of cOntagion. One
of the first steps taken by the author
tiles was TO insist upon the creameries
sterilizing the skinned milk and whey
before these were returned to be fed
to stock. At the beginning of the
campaign in Berrien county. Michigan,
there were at least 10 herds infect
ed in an area approximately Is miles
long by eight miles wide. OF this in
"
med milk returned by the creameries.
After the order requiring sterilization
went into effect, one establishment al
lowed its apparatus TO get out Of orGer
and three days went by before ii was
repaired. Infection in 80 herds was
traced to the carelessnesS of these
three days.
In Allegan county, again, there was
one small herd infected, the owner of
which was one of 80 patrons Of a
creamery. Though he delivered milk
to il for only one or two days this was
sufficient to infect q herds and it was
considered fortunate that all OF the 80
patrons did not suffer.
SteriliZing Skim Milk.
From such experiences as these
live stock authorities are more than
ever convinced that skim milk should
invariably be sterilized.
The danger from the foot and
mouth disease is of course a passing
one. Previous epidemics have been
stamped out and there is no reason
TO suppose that this one will not be.
Tuberculosis, however. is a permanent
menace Its symptoms are not so
Immediately noticeab bic and it is there
fore more difficult TO trace the origin
Of the infection but there is no doubt
that il is frequently disseminated in
skim milk In the same way that the
foot and mouth disease was in the in
stances described Together with the
creameries. public sales Of live stock
have proved themselves most danger
Gus agents in spreading foot and
mouth disease. In Indiana and Mich
igan the state authorities absolutely
prohibited the holding Of such sales
in or adjacent 10 areas where the
disease existed. The spread Of the
contagion in other states where this
prohibition was not enforced, shows
the value of the precaution, but il re-
auires strong and determined action
on the part OF the local authorities.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
PRACTICAL TEST Is
DEVISED BY SCIENTISTS
Lessons the Expense of Maintaining
Lime-Sulphur Dipping
Baths.

A practical test for lime-sulphur
dipping baths for live stock has been
devised by scientists in the depart
ment to lessen the difficulty expert
enced in maintaining these baths at
the standard strength. The new tes'
will be Of use not only to the fedf al
and state authorities concerned with
the supervision of official dippings,
but also TO private persons who wish
TO test the strength of their prepara-
tons
The new method, it is pointed out,
is intended for field use only and can
never take the place of the more ac-
curate laboratory analysis. Standard
iodin solution is added to {. measured
quantity Of the bath until ali the cal
cium pOlysulphid IN the latter has
been decompOsed. In this way the
quantity of iodin required serves to
measure the amount of calcium pres
ent as polysulphids, and thus with
sufficient accuracy for field use, the
amount of sulphid sulphur. The COM
plete decomposition of the calcium
polysulphid is indicated by the failure
of the bath liquid 10 color when a
dilute alkaline solution Of sodium
nitrOprussid is added
No technical knowledge, however. is
required to make the test. Each cubic
centimeter of the test fluid employed
in its operation represents one-tenth
of one per cent sulphid sulphur in the
bath. A description of the necessary
apparatus and directions for operat-
ing are published in a new bulletin
(No. 1859 OF the department, "A Field
Test for Lime-Sulphur Dipping
Baths The bulletin also contains
tables which Will guide anyone in
bringing the dips up to the strength
required by official regulat ions. In
dipping baths for sheep these call for
10 per cent of sulphid sulphur and
for cattle two per cent.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
Crop Estimates are Made
To Prevent Circulation of
False Reports by Spectators

To prevent the circulation OF false
reports for speculative purposes is one
OF the great objects OF the government
crop estimates. according 10 a cir
cular Just issued by the department
for the information Of its 100 600 vol
unteer crop reporters. Without such
system. II would he practically i'm
possible for anyone, except at great
expense. 10 form an accurate estimate
OF crop prospects. Farmers would
suffer most from such conditions be-
cause they are neither 50 we'll organ
lied as other lines Of business nor in a
position 10 take advantage of market
fluctuations. Manufacturers and rail-
roads. however, are also vitality inter
ested in obtaining a disinterested fore
fast Of conditions in all parts of the
country IA order that they may avoid
waste in the distribution Of articles
and cars. The earlier the informa-
tion regarding the probable prOduc-
ton of the great agricultural COM
mOdities can be published" says the
circular. the more safely and eco
nOmically can the business of the
country be managed from year 10
year"
Guarded Closely.
The importance OF these estimates
is also indicated by the precautions
taken 10 prevent the securing of ad-
vance information Of their contents.
The local conditions prevailing in any
individual county can OF course be as
certained by anyone willing to take
the trouble; ii is not however, local
conditions but the general average
throughout the country which regu-
lates prices, and this average can only
be determined by those who have ac-
cess to all. or at least a great part, Of
the reports from the $500 counties of
agricultural Importance in the United
States. In consequence these reports
are most jealousy guarded. They
come each month to Washington in
specially prepared envelopes. and are
delivered 10 the secretary of agricul-
ture in sealed mail pouches which are
opened only by the secretary or as
sistant secretary. These two are also
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22

the only persons who know the Gem
binatiOn Of the safe in which the re-
ports. still sealed, are deposited until
the morning OF the day on which the
governments monthly crop report Is
issued They are then delivered 10
the chief OF the bureau Of crop esti-
mates TO be tabulated and the con
dition figure" for each state is deter
mined. In the case OF crops in which
there is much speculation, such as
cotton. corn and wheat this work Is
done by men who do not know TO what
states the figures with which they
deal relate.
All Communications OF.
The results Of this impersonal arith-
metical process are turned over to the
crop reporting board, composed of
ceptiOn OF their chairman, the chief
OF the bureau, the assistant chief of
bureau, and statistical scientist,
change each month. While the board
is in session no one is allowed 10 enter
or leave the room, or even the bureau,
and all telephones are disconnected.
When the report Us in its final form
copies are delivered simultaneously
10 all applicants for transmission by
telegraph and telephone to all parts
Of the country Additional copies are
mailed later and finally the report is
published in the Agricultural Month
ly OF which an edition of 225, coo
copies Is distributed monthly
The figures thus carefully guarded
describe the acreage and the cOndi-
ton of each of the principal crops.
The condition is expressed in percent
ages, 100 representing a normal con-
ditiOn. and are accompanied by a
statement of the average condition at
corresponding dates for "A term of
years Much other valuable inforna-
ton is of course contained in the re-
port, but il is the condition figure" in
which speculative interests center as
the most reliable indication of future
prices. At the same time this figure
serves to minimize speculation and to
protect farmers and other business
men from misleading and unfOunded
rumOrs.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
HOG REMEDY CO.
MISUSES FIGURES
Concern Used Government Re-
port on Use of Serum as Be-
ing the Result of the Use of
Its Preparation.

WASHINGTON. d. c., Jan. z1.-
The attention of the bureau of ami
NAL industry of the United States de-
partment OF agriculture has. been
called to the fact that the makers of
a medicine sold as a hog cholera
remedy are misusing government fig
ures of the results obtained by fed
eral agents by the use of anti-hOg
cholera serum, as evidence Of the eff
cacy of their medicine. In several
magazines there have appeared read
ing notices in which there are state
ments that this medicine has resulted
in saving many hogs from hog chol-
era in Pettis county, Mo; MOntgOm-
cry county, Ind, and Dallas county,
Ia The figures given to indicate the
results are exactly those reported to
the department by its agents as
showing the use and effect of anti
hog cholera serum in sick herds.
For example. the government fig
ares on the use of serum, which are
misused in this way by the medicine
concern, are as follows:
Pettis County. Mo.-Hogs in infect
ed herds treated, 5,9O4; hogs lost,
.,sSs.
Montgomery County, Ind.-Num-
Der OF sick hogs in infected herds
treated, 1852; hogs lost S94.
DALLAS County, Ia.-Number OF sick
hogs in infected herds treated, 5,6S6;
hogs lost, 1898.
II is scarcely possible that any
remedy could have been used on
identicauy the same number of
hogs and with exactly the same re-
suits as the anti-hog cholera serum.
ON this point the inspector in charge
in Pettis county, Mo-, states: AS far
as we are able TO ascertain none of
this remedy has been used in Pettis
county,
Farmers and others. therefore. are
warned not to confuse this remedy
with the anti-hog cholera serum
which is the one method Of treat
ment used by the federal department.
OF agriculture.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
BUILDING MANY BARNS
Next TO Home is Most Important Part
of Farm.

Many new barns are being built in
the rural districts of Indiana.
Building material dealers in all sec
tons of the state report an unprece-
denied demand for barn lumber and
red paint Next to the home. the barn
is the most important building on the
farm, and wherever red barns exist
supreme.
The rapid construction Of new barns
in Indiana is lifting the farming in
dustry OF this state into higher zone
of utility and is establishing a new era
in our industrial progress. No COM
munity can proceed far into its agri-
cultural economy until its stock are
we'll sheltered and its crops are prop
erly housed.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
MUCH HELP is NEEDED
Nearly Half of state Farmers Are
Employers OF Labor.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 21.-Forty-
eight per cent. or l03,941 OF the
farmers OF Indiana. employ hired
help. and their annual expenditure
for this item is approximately ST.
$4,000, according To a report which
has Just been issued by the bureau
OF census. Ten years ago the yearly
expenditure for labor by farmers OF
this state amounted 10 S9.6S6.OOO
and the increase within "a decade has
been So per cent Seventy mine per
cent of the amount paid for labor by
Indiana farmers is cash.
For continental United States the
yearly labor expenditure is more
than $651.000.000 and 46 per cent of
the farmers hire labor. There are
nearly 3.OO0 600 farmers in the coun-
try that employ hired hands
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22

WASHINGTON, Jan. 21.-The re-
cent lifting Of the foot and mouth
guarantees from large areas pre-
viously closed and the modification of
the guarantees in still other sections
has been made possible, federal au-
thorities say. by the cooperation, not
only Of the various state officials, but
of farmers and stockmen themselves.
Where this cooperation has been most
in evidence, progress in the eradica-
ton of the disease has been most
rapid The federal authorities have
of course control over the movement
of live stock in interstate commerce
only; the local guarantees are estab-
lished and enforced by the state.
Their efficiency depends in great meas
ure upon the Willingness of the peo-
pie TO submit TO the necessary restric-
tons.
Indiana and Michigan are cited as
instances of the Importance in this
respect of public opinion. In Michi-
gan the first herd was slaughtered on
oct. 10. Cases of the disease existed
in Is Michigan counties and in is in
Indiana. In all $50 herds were al
fected. Sixty days later these herds
had all been slaughtered and the in
fected premises cleaned and freed
from disase. In the interval there
had been only a few scattering in
stances. half dozen possibly, OF the
plague spreading from these different
centers of infection to neighboring
farms.
The people not only observed the
quarantine regulations but they did
all i'm their power TO expedite the work
of slaughter In many cases they bad
the bitches in which the animals were
to be buried dug and waiting for the
killing gangs AS rule no objection
was taken To the appraisers valuation
OF the condemned stock, which is the
more surprising in view OF the fact
that so little was generally known OF
the seriousness of the disease. The
farmers did not want TO part with
their stock. They saw that the sore
mouths and feet grew better and they
had had no experience with the after
effects of the pestilence-the constant
aborting. tn failure to produce milk,
the ability 10 disseminate disease
months after the visible symptoms
had disappeared. Nevertheless they
accepted the situation, helping instead
OF hindering.
In only = very few cases was there
any attempt TO conceal the existence
of the disease, in fact public opinion
was so strongly against this that it
was practically impossible 20 do so.
In one instance man fed some skim
milk from a creamery 10 calf which
later developed foot and mouth dis
ease IL occurred TO hir9 10 kill the
calf and say nothing about the mat
ter The neighbors. however. obtain
al some inkling OF the facts and noti-
fed the authorities. After he had
been forced to admit that ne had
killed the calf the body was aug up
and uumistakable marks of the dis
ease were found upon il. Within two
weeks all the rest OF the herd was
injected and had 10 be killed. In
addition the owner was fined $40 or
so for breaking the quarantine regu-
l~tions The sentiment Of the whole
,<mmunity. IL should be noted, was
against him.
Dogs Carried Disease.
In another case in Michigan an in
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
MODEL KITCHEN
WILL BE SHOWN
Uncle Sam Will Have One on
Display at the Panama Ex-
pOSition-AII ConvenienCeS
Are Included.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2l.-A COM
plete kitchen with real stove refrig-
orator. sink. workable and other
necessaries is being sent by the de-
partment of agriculture to San Fran
cisco for the fair. This kitchen is not
a model in the sense that every
housewife is TO try TO make hers as
nearly like IT as possible, but is rath-
er a composite of many possible
model kitchens which is designed to
illuSrate various essential principles
Of convenient kitchen arrangement.
The American housewife, for whose
special benefit the model has been
constructed. must judge from it what
appliances and improvements in ar
rangement will best fit her peculiar
household needs-and those of her
purse.
Emphasize Small Kitchens.
One general idea emphasized by the
departments San Francisco bound
kitchen is that the size of the ordinary
kitchen should be small rather than
large If the room is to be used only
for the preparation Of the meals Ii
should be as compact as possible to
save travelling back and forth The
stove, table and sink should be as
near together as is convenient and
the distances to supplies and the din
ing room or pantry should be short
on the floor of the model room the
distances most commonly travelled in
preparing and serving meals are indi-
Gated by straight lines.
The fewer ornaments the better IN
a housewives workshop" is the text
Of another lesson of this little exhibit
Corners are rounded; surfaces are
plain; there are as few holdings as
possible to catch dirt which must oe
removed with so much effort One
be raised or lowered to suit the height
of the worker
Pick Out Refrigerator.
The refrigerator, as it stands, would
never in the world recommend itself
to any thrifty housewife, for one part
Of it is lined with solid porcelain. an
other with enameled steel, another
with zinc painted with enamel paint,
nd another with implanted zinc.
However, this refrigerator breaches a
sermon of it's own, for the advantages
and disadvantages of each particular
lining are explained in labels attach
ed. Each woman who reads may look
for what suits her own refrigerator,
and housewives from the north or
from the south, from a high, dry re-
gion or a low, moist region may each
decide which feature is most adapt
able for her own use and pocketbook.
A stew kettle is shown in several
materials in the model kitchen, but no
particular make is recommended. The
aim is to show sauce pans or kettles
made of steel aluminium, enamel
ware, copper and earthenware, and
descriptive labels explain how each
material excels in it's own way and it's
disadvantages.
Model Wall Coverings.
On the walls OF the model are
shown samples of the more common
floor coverings and wall finishes with
labels setting forth the relative merits
and drawbacks of each. Linoleum
and oil cloth have their strong points,
and so have tinted, painted and un-
dressed wall surfaces. Vanished wall
paper is good for some purposes, and
unvarnished for others.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
To Keep Your Skin
Free From Hairs
beauty Topicsl

If YOU are willing 10 spend a few
minutes time in your room using a
deIatone paste. you can easily Danish
any ugly. hairy growth without dis
comfort or injury. The paste Is made
by mixing some water With a little
powdered dclatone. This is then
spread over the hairy surface and aft
or about minutes rubbed of and the
skin washed You will not be disap-
pointed with this treatment, providing
YOU get real delarone.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22

Dogs IaTfItu DIetasc-
In another case in Michigan an in
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
ENDS HIS LIFE

NEWPORT Ark. Jan 21.-PaNton
Thomas. cashier OF the Citizens bank
and trust company at Batesville. Ark,
was found dead today in a closed vault
i'm the bank with a revolver in his
mouth and "a bullet through his head
IL is thought financial worry caused
suicide. The bank is unaffected and
opened for business AZ usual.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-01-22
DIET TO MEET

AMSTERDAM. Jan. 21.-The PrUs-
sian diet will meet shortly 10 discuss
the budget. but the principal result
Of the meeting is expected 10 be a
general agreement among all the polit-
ical parties. The budget will be treat
ed secretly.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-12-31
CHURCHES
WELCOME
NEW YEAR

Practically every church in
Tacoma will hold special New
Gear services, either tonight or
tomorrow.
At the Epworth NJ. Il. church
watchnight service will begin
at 3 o'clock, following an Ep-
worth league meeting and re-
freshments. Pastor Rees will
give an address, lecoming 1916.
At Trinity NJ. Il. church, East
35th and + street, services will
begin at & p. m. M. II. Marvin
will give talk on the new dry
law. Refreshments will be
served bfeore midnight.
Special services will be held at
all of the Catholic schools to-
morrow at the usual Sunday
hours.
Rev. Il. r. ID. Hollensted of
the Westminster Presbyterian
church, beginning newt Sunday,
will give the first of series of
sermons lasting until the last OF
January.
st. Luke's Episcopal and Trim
ity Episcopal will hold services
at 1880 a. m. tomorrow. st.
Paul's Evangelical Lutheran will
hold services at the same hour.
the first United Presbyterian at
q. m.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-12-31
a p M in winter end o IL houd

ltry-make snobs OF 'em-becams
1t pays.
Palatial Hen Rooses
Palatial roosts, rich food, trap
nesting to select the best breed
Ing stock, careful grooming and
protection from the elements -
they cost little and pay big.
The remarkable laying record
OF the specially cared for pen OF
100 White Leghorns here is as
cribed largely to the artificial
lengthening of their day to 10
hours by using gas lights in the
houses, and to protection from
the weather.
These hens are kept inside en-
tirely. They do not expend en-
ergy in resisting cold and rain, or
in scratching for food. They are
fed six times a day. They are
completely under human control.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-12-31

The other pen Of I00-the
same kind and selection of fowl
used tor contrast, are we'll fed
and tended, but are allowed 10
roam at will as chickens do on
the ordinary farm or poultry
yard.
The food cost a week for the
first pen is 1917; for the second
1929. The profits $31.03 in IA
vor Of the first pen.
The pullets in the first pen
laid in five weeks a total of 1892
eggs; the second pen 652.
I'VE are proving" explained
Expert Shoup, that by artifici-
ally creating the ideal conditions
of a spring day, when hens are
laying at their best, normally,
winter production Of eggs can al
most equal high mark.
This makes chickens a source
of income all the year round"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-12-31
BY Jack Jungmeyer

/ have found the hen that lay,
the golden egg, and lays it in win
ter when it's most golden.
She's on the job, several hun
dred strong. for the West Wash
ington Experiment Station a
Puyallup, proving that Nature Il
an awful bungler as compared tt
the hen experts who have her in
charge.
BY lengthening the short win
ter days with artificially lighted
pens and pampering a bevy oil
White Leghorns like queens, theiI
egg production has been almost
trebled.
Increased Profits
The profit in five weeks ovel
the cost of feed on 100 specially
cared for fowls is $3S.07.
A pen of 100 ordinarily treated
Leghorns in the same period
made profit of only $7.04.
These two test pens are proving
something which will revolutions
ize the poultry industry, predict
Supt. w. A. Linklater and George
r. Shoup, expert in charge.
Chickens have been white
elephant during winter months
They consumed more than they
produced. They lay just enough
to keep in practice. And that's
why you have to pay cents an
egg or better at this season.
Eggs In Winter
Supt. Linklater and Expert
Shoup have demonstrated that
hens can be induced to lay as
high as SIS per cent OF high pro-
duction mark all winter.
They are putting the poultry
business on a basis similar to
that which the dairy industry en-
joys because cows have been PAM
pered into super-bovines.
Linklater and Shoup have made
me confirmed snob when II
comes to chickens. used to like
the neutrality-suspicious. democ-
racy of the ordinary hen house.
But l have been convinced that
they should live in palaces and
be coddled like harem queens. ]
revere the hen aristocrat.
And that's what these two men
are trying to do with every farm
er and poultryman In the coun-
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-12-31
OLDEST HORSE DIES

MONROE Dec 31." Billy the oldest state
eead IN MS 4en year When he came TO- Monroe 81
William Baldwin Later Baldwin along with his ranch
But day when he him street. Billy looking
WE'LL he bought him
last lmping days a juicy pasture -
BILLY" famous in the