davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1915-10-13
Will Serve Dairy Lunch.

The Fortnightly Club will serve a
dairy lunch tomorrow, Thursday, at
the Congregational church parlors,
commencing at four O'Clock.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1915-10-13
Congregational Church.

Subject in the morning, Through
fear to fearlessness, and in the eve
ming Russian the series upon the
nations won at war" Chorus and
guartette in the evening.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1915-10-13
Miss Katherine Hustvedt. who

has had six years experience as teach
er in schools and college. will accept
pupils in piano and harmony. For
terms inquire at 4o1 Grove st. or
phone 328. 39tf.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1915-10-13

Our Wan. Column.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1915-10-13

SOphmOre and Freshmen Clash.
There was an exciting football
game at Luther College Saturday be-
tween the Sophmore and Freshmen,
and the former crushed the latter by
a score of As to O.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1915-10-13

Subscribers will confer favor upon
US by notifying us at once Of fail
ure TO receive the paper regular
ly.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1915-10-13

This paper presented free of charge
for one year to Winneshiek county
brides who remain in the county.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1915-05-06
GOES AFTER EQUITY SOCIETY.

Charging fraudulent transact ons
and insolvency, that capital stock
has been wiped out, that earnings
have been misused and false reports
of sales made to shippers in North
Dakota, Attorney General Linde ap-
peared before Judge Pollock a few
days ago asking for an order to
show cause why a receiver should
not be appointed for the Equity Co.
operative Exchange, it's charter an
nulied, and that the officers be en-
Joined from soliciting stock subscrip-
tions and consignments of grain in
North Dakota pending this suit.
May 1S was the date set for the
hearing before Judge Pollock in the
third judicial district court.
Charges and allegations in the
complaint are supported by upwards
of one hundred affidavits filed in
connection with the suit at theof-
flee OF the clerk of the court of Cass
county. Among the allegations are
that the corporation is insovent and
that the Equity Cooperative Ex-
change has sold more than a major
portion of the grain it handled at
less than market quotations; that
employees of the Equity Co-opera-
tive Exchange sold for export and
turned the grain over to their own
companies at an advance making
large. profits, several making 500 a
month. Flax in one case was
bought at $50 and sold at $1.54,
paying less than the market and
getting regular market price.
The officers of the Equity Coop
erative Exchange, who are asked to
be removed for misconduct of af-
fairs of Incorporation, are: ]. M.
Johnson, president; Magnus John
son. vice-president; G. A. Thiel. sec
retary and treasurer. and G. S. Loft
usus, sales manager Most of the
men are located in St. Paul-Fargo
Forum.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1915-05-06
UNITED BRETHREN

Next Sundav is Visitors Day at
the Uhltea Brethren Taberancle
We are looking for one hundred
men and boys, women and girls at
Sunday school from ten to eleven
O'Clock. Mothers Day carnation
pins to all who come.
A mothers Day program will be
given Sunday evening at 7:45 as fol-
lows:
Doxology.
Prayer for mothers
Song, Nearer My God to The
"The Mountains of Life" Dagny
Hanson.
my Mamma" Earl Beavers.
THE Mother" Doris May.
"a Boys Best Friend" Leo
Combs.
Backward, Turn Backward" Ell
len Mercer.
No One Like Mamma" Blanche
Johnson.
"Home, Sweet Home" children's
chorus.
Mothers Day." Laura Mercer
"Tired," Mabel Billmayer.
Whose Girl?" Katherine Stine.
THE Rravest Battle" Esther
Clanton.
Solo, "Nobody Knows but Moth
er" Iris Stine.
beautiful Hands," Gayle John
son.
"What Would ] Take for Mann
MAJ" Edith Mercer
Who Loves Best" Mae Combs.
Three Bunnies," Hazel Haug.
when Mammals Cone" Lorin
Slime.
Solo, Mrs. Hall.
THE Dying Mother" Rachel May
kiss My Eyelids Down." Bessie
Clanton.
"The Best Mamma" Richard
Schneider
Memories" Edna Weisalman.
1.-TWO Graves" Edna Clanton.
cover There" Iva Combs.
Three Boys" Roy Billmayer.
Mothers of Great Men," Florence
Hanson.
Double duett, four girls.
"Tell Mother I'll Be There. {"
children's chorus.
Offering.
Benediction.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1915-05-06
MALTA 13, HINSDALE 1.

The first ball game of the season
was played here last Sunday and
while the day was anything but
good for fast ball, the two teams put
up an excellent article of the great
national game. The attendance was
far below what it would have been
had the day been pleasant, but those
attending were we'll satisfied with
the days sport. Malta has team
this year that she can we'll be proud
OF and one that she should support
and we think they will be winners
at least they have made an excellent
showing. The Hinsdale boys are as
nice bunch of fellows as we will
meet on the diamondand we wish
them all kinds of success. The next
game will be with Chinook, when
the people of Malta will have a
chance to see the two fastest teams
in this section of the state come to-
gether. Following is the result of
last Sundays game by innings:
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1915-05-06
EXAMINED A DOZEN.

The following persons took the
toachers' examinations held by Miss
Sims, county superintendent at NAL
ia April 20 and 30:
Daisy O. McEwan, Albertine Q.
primeau, Chas. e Claypool, Loretta
Foley. VIM. Elmer McCombs, rlar-
ence Leslie Mead of Malta.
Irene Pehlke of Saco.
Belle Macarthur of Love.cy.
Sanna Jeslie Swanson, David J.
lanZer of Dodson.
marie Larsen, Irene Erickson OF
Whitewater.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1915-05-06
Notice to Property Holders.

Clean your premises. Those fail
ing to heed this notice will receive
one more personal, more formal and
more EXPENSIVE.
The property holder will be held
strictly accountable for failure of
tenant to comply with the "clean up
laws First look to your own back
yard, then notify me if your neigh
boris is offensive.
r.. B. MINNICI, M. D..
Phillips County Health Officer,
Saco, Montana.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1915-05-06

oCOTe DV 1n1llNgS:
Hinsdale, 0 o 0 % 0 0 0 L 1
Malta, 6 S 0 0 0 0 x-13
Two base hit Easton, 3b hits
Shortridge, Allen, home run South
wick; base on balls, Off Easton 4,
off Hastings 2; struck out by East
on 8, by Hastings 16. Umpires
Blumenthal and Wilmart.
Chinook at Malta Sunday, May 8.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1915-05-06

Farm Loans.-We loan our own
money and are therefore in position
to close all loans promptly No de-
lay in getting your money when you
deal with us.--E. J. Lander & Co.,
office with 3. w. Brockway, Malta,
Montana
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12
SEISMOGRAPH AN ARTILLERY DETECTOR|

vice declare that one familiar with the
meaning of the records can tell at once
what has occasioned tho melting vi
bration.
A street car makes It's own peculiar
autographs record, while a rumbllng
wagon or n field piece traversins a
road or street leaves is identifying
trace upon the sheet, ana the jar due
TO firing a gun IL found to be quite
distinct from the tremors set up by
the blow OF an exploding shell upon
the ground. This revorses the tell
tale performance, because it indicates
how an Austrian projectile behaves and
whether or no It has found Its mark
far off IN the hidden distance.
OF course tho story Is plain only to
one familiar with the characteristic
signatures OF the different sorts OF
earth wav producers. But Prof, Belar
has produced a table Of signs, and the
ordnance officer Ia expected to know
these Just rs a shorthand writer knows
the meaning of his symbols.
In actual service the observer at
the s~eismograph must no abe to sepa-
rate tho earth shocks due to his own
guns from those created by tho
enemy's batteries. This difficulty Is
got over by putting the seismograph
man In touch with his own artillery
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12

and the tremors are oil OF them APP
parently characteristic OF their pro-
noting cause. At least that Is what
Prof. Belar has long believed, and re-
Gently he has perfected an apparatus
for military service that proves him to
have been right.
Early IN 1907 this Austrian scientist
worked out n plan by which the seis-
mograph was to be used as an artillery
detector, and the Idea OF thus finding
out something about the foe appealed
very strongly to the Austrian Ministry
of War. The matter was referred TO
thu Inspector General OF Artillery and
some time later tests ere undertaken
at Gurkfeld. There Prof, Belar actu-
ally obtained by his special apparatus
a record Of the vibrations p~ropagated
through the ground by the firing Of
heavy gums, and a means OF getting a
check on distances was secured by TAX
ing records at various ranges and with
different kinds Of weapons. thus ac-
aulring visual standards by which TO
judge Of the remOteness and of the
calibre Of the fur or gun.
Since then Prof. Belar has been
patiently developing his instrument,
and now he has al OUTFIT that can be
carried about In q handbag. Those
who have se the apparatus in ser.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12

by means of telephone or wireless so
that he knows when the guns are to
be fired, and he can either throw his
instrument out of service for the time
being or, better still. separate the trac-
ings made by friendly rifles from those
occas!oned by the rival weapons.
For years back. and even now, Prof.
Belar mas been In charge OF the Lai-
bach Observatory. where his work has
been we'll nigh exclusively In con-
nection with archaeological. problems.
Laibach Is something short Of nifty
miles from a part Of the Austro-Italian
battle front. There some of the great
est artillery duels Of the world war
have been fought and the big Italian
siege guns have made tho earth
tEemble so that the vibrations were
picked up ut far away La1bach.
1t happens, however, that the obser-
vatory at Laibach has been too remote
to identify the character OF the at
lacking ordnance. hut ut closer range,
say within twenty-five miles of the
firing line. n!ceties Of detection are
possible. II was for this reason that
the Austrian scientist labored I pro-
duce an efficient and yet a compact in
strument that would be relatively so
light that il could be easily and
speedily transported by hand from
point to point.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12

firing and general familiarity with his
weapon. Further than that It 10 of
small avail in battle firing.
Here the target Is rarely visible and
the range p~roblematical and to be
figured Ivy range finders and commu-
nicated to the flrers by siynals. Re-
suits are obtained here. as everywhere
else In militarism, only by strict obedi-
ence-by discipline-and this Is one
Of the main reasons for placing this
part Of the training last.
Unframed men will not obey in
s~tinctively In the excitement Of even q
peace field firing p~roblem--not wilfully
disobey. but they will not have ac-
quired the habit Of attention 10 essen
tial to Intelligent and concerted &C.
ton. Moreover. at first they would
not have been familiar with the sig.
nails for movements and firing. and the
voice cannot be heard.
As all cannot shoot at once much
time during this month can be de-.
voted to reviews Of the subjects they
have learned and imparting many
things to the men which the curricu-
lum Of a soldier should include, the
rules Of warfare. for instance.
In the twelfth ana last month Z
aminations should be held which.
with duo consideration Of records
made during tho year. should deter
mine the standing Of every member
Of the army.
After this the bars should be let
down and civilians welcomed and en-.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12
Why a Year IsAll Too Short
for a Soldiers Training

proportion TO the strictness Of dis
cipline that pervades them.
Discipline Is not instructive. but
rather q matter Of habit. easily &c.
quired ana falling lightly on those who
are amenable. but nettlesome often
beyond endurance to the egotistical
and the vanity stricken From the
very frst In the exactions Of prompts
tude, precision and close attention It
has been instilled with gradually in.
creasine rigor until in the heaving
and straining Of that great human
mass-the d~ivislon--it finally becomes
confirmed.
Discipline 10 absolutely indlspensa-
Bile to order. and no matter how intel.
ligent or individually well trained a
man may be- as q soldier he Is worse
than useless-a d~anger-until he has
learned to obey unhesitatingly and
without question the orders Of his SUI
p~eriors. The superior IL responsible.
the subordinate isn't and In division
superiors are very likely TO have that
fact driven home.
II Is here also that officers have the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12

,n...,.
~ P0,'l Va N""' Mo" VIC
tlcll consjd.rntion nf III. m.,fer and
this * n very bip nart ~ Nh. n,.ohlo,r
of coorcrstlon md orcauiza,ion Tbo
railroads ana our military ey,,erts mus,
Ice brought together and from ,heir
Joint lahors mus, snr,,p a Mn, az
reciprocal action. a scba,na ~ ,n,or-
derrndeuce tina, win evoIy. u,i,w :,
working and instan, re,airass nr,r.
part of ev.rv r,ilro,d tr ,ha no,n,,,. y,
:, c,r re-, W.. --."
ro Ian, ,boro 49,. , fo =
a., 80 '"'sN ~ cNh NE
thot hnIloyo ,bo, 49, vac pues,nf.
dnro ,nd ''''s 'ou'u De
n.rfac,tnr to ,sT, I"a.nis' Sproau
tary efficiency has been secnrsd nnI,,
by Years Of nren1rat,on ana naosa"a,
ARRANGING If datails 70 n, chona,n-
conditions Of n~atior,l liza ora -,
ress IN thc 80
But In this country tho nvero, n, c,,i,a,
does no, begin ia CRASH w. hInrn|"
II such An undertokng Va, -,
here in New York ,hora NO.. 80 49,
been given mora .hon ono strnta,"S.
hint of vbat m,nht h,,nan e. 800
menace from wi,
r,,
r,o, - ct ooHVerGed
,ho '-'oo''u Cues and AZ
do,,os,ta hle". movement 81
snmn,t", t,D'''S ior nome con-
,as,i, 80 soIHS on AS q
ont looanS ~A'.IlaIs are crowded
rAa '"'H,u ''rs nus wait weeks
,nodoa oe'''e '"ey can Dc un-
,o,n s,ne 60. ~ SUM pack in-
hn-nran,r -. 80 81 'HAs i
,rnt',h, 80. ot pe'ee' true. the
ror,nai 49,, 80 " " uesree ao-
norn u,t,n ,ha ~ uoes not COM
nm, - nam,en anus lnat would ne
,,,n,Iran, on n,.e' snouI war ne
'NH''hs'
III way u railroads have sought
~ uc'i win TINS congestion by de-
e'ai'hs an upon certain ex
puts huc"' LOT instance, rs bulky
.o%"niou''iP' IKE lumber and flour
quo so' '"rNo very Things would be
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12

The division problems would cali
into play all the previous training
Of all tho troops. Time Off should
be devoted to ncn-commissioned Off
GERS schools for the purpose Of Ca
miliarizing large classes with army
administration. paper work, &c. Not
q momen should be lost.
The ninth month should see the
command divided into opposing armies
of some so, 900 each. operating against
each other with all the particularly
of actual war in an area large enough
to make a small theatre OF war, with
bases. lines Of communication. screens.
using heavy and horse artillery. air.
craft. pontoons, the wonderful sig
mailing apparatus and the many other
devices essential to modern warfare,
and which can only be brought into
play with great bodies OF troops and
whose skilled handling can only be
perfected in time OF peace.
This would be the hard month of
forced marches. sieeplcss nights. of
hunger and thirst and dirt. but alto.
gether the most important and inter-
esting. and with the time which peace
practice allows for corrections. be-
fore 1t Is over the armies should move
with clocklike precision. The lives
and money this precision would save
us In war would compensate the cost.
trouble and temporary hardships to
attain It in peace a thousand times
over.
The study and practice OF shooting
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12

ganizing we cannot afford to lose any
time in seeking the cooperation OK the
railroads.
Normally our rail routes are po-
tent agents in our national develop
ment and material betterment. This
machinery Of peace, which contributes
SO much to tho tide Of our prosperity
should be readily adaptable to defen-
sive service II the occasion arise. But
this would no DO possible with US UNI
less some scheme Of general coopera-
ton were agreed upon in advance not
only among the roads themselves but
as between the roads so united In pur-
pose and the general government; In
short, organization in the fullest sense
OF the word.
1.-THE General STAFF Of the army has
studied this problem from every angle.
The officers engaged have been highly
trained mon. but their work has been
done without the aid of h railroads
themselves. In a laIce measure the
task has been dealt win from the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12
Infantry at battle practice supported by machine gun.

Of Importance Substantially equal to
! main arteries. The fingers are as I'M
portant as the arm
mot only must the railroads he
ready to move men. but also all kinds
of su~pplies-iood, guns, ammunition,
&c.--must have prompt transporta-
ton. The sick and wounded must
be carried quickly to the rear, ana
ample subsistence must move steadily
forward from established bases Of sup
ply. Ana then there IS the more
strictly mechanical side OF the prob
lem.
"Clearly the bigger n" forces the
larger their demand for food and the
greater the wastage, and these must
be- made good. Without an abundance
Of munitions artillery. &c. would be
come useless. Admitting this, what
then?
Tn many foreign countries the rail-
roads arc owned by the state, ana SO
their control and use in the hour of
national need Is a comparatively SIM
ple matter. Please notice that | say
comparatively. and emphasis should
! NC iiAo ul'oA AaA1A stHA AAFh t'NHs
simple. But where tho railroads are
owned and managed by private COM
~panios--and there are many of these
hereto combine and to operate intc-
gral v these various systems would ir-
volve n tremendous task. And yet We
should he able to do this very thing:
indeed. we should have to do II did war
threaten. II is therefore evident that
we must organize these commo car
riers.
Remember, the term mobilize abroad
does not mean TO create anew. 1t Is
not a sudden effort to cast up national
resources with a view then to consid-
ering how best TO distribute those AS
sets for defence. Mobilization means
to fit an army already IN existence for
immediate service and to move those
fighting men with the least possible
delay to n given objective. In short,
1t il organization put to the test.
Organization, In the broadcast sense
OF the word, means not only the army
but all other agencies which may tend
TO make that arm effective, and this
applies to every phase OF national life
y aIlu 10 N|O WV, 'ho IN aAlV
navy are but a part OF this. Perhaps
! ran put this iguratively:
"The sister defensive services may
be likened t o the cutting edge Of a
very heavy knife. The n of steel
behind that edge serves to renew II
from time to time and to give the
edge the rigidity, tho strength and the
weight needful to carry the stroke
through. The organized reserve OF men,
money and material represents the
backing behind that cutting edge. In
less a nations resources are so organ
lied and are ever ready and available
what are it's chances against a foe
that has prepared himself thoroughly?
"This is organization in a sense with
which VT as a people are unfamiliar;
and yet If a day of strife come It Is
against just this sort of preparedness
hat VIC should have to measure forces
l don have to elaborate upon this
matter In this great work Of or
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12

lertained with games, festivities OF all
kinds. including military exercises and
ceremonies.
The above by no means embraces
the entire n OF military training.
II comprises only the fundamentals.
the foundation. OF all eoldier!y en-
ployment. Six months of hafd
work Will he required TO produce cred
table cavalry n field artillery, an
a~dditlona! year to perfect signallers
and engineers. while 10 develop avi-
ators and ordnance experts with the
hurdcnsome tryout process IL
ending. All and not excluding the
STATS OF the great administration and
supply departments should undergo
the training prescribed above In order
to he efficient In accordance with mod
ern standards.
When it is con sidered that training.
which means preparation before con-
fiCt, has become as absolute II prin-
cipic of war as are order and Gisci-
pine. and when il Is further considered
that In tho present ms future policies
of the great nations this principle Is
recognized to the extent not only OF
, preparing every ablebodied man to In
stantly take his place IN ranks on
any call 10 arms, but that the social.
industrial and economic life IL so ar
ranged and scientifically adjusted that
every ounce of energy IN the nation
shall be c~ontrihutory, on occasion, to
the nations military success, it be-
hooves us. as a nation. and In Justice
"a ourselves to consider deeply this
selfsane training and no longer in
the light of a vogue or a fashion, but
AS a stern factor now underlying the
doctrine Of self-preservation.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12
Organizing the Railroads
for National Defence
- EN. LEONARD WOOD spoke
= before tho Railroad Club OF

= EN. LEONARD WOOD spoke
= before tho Railroad Club OF
this city u short while ago
/ upon the part the railways Of
the country might have to play should
war be imminent. He addressed a
body Of men peculiarly fitted to grasp
the subject from M administrative
point Of view. but the public at large
has no knowledge Of this exchange OF
expert opinion. This article is in
tended to enlighten the layman.
organizing our railroads for pos
| sible military service: what do I think
about it?" Gen. Wood began. II look
| upon such q move as essential to our
| national well being.
while I can't discuss this question
| with n view to any special applica-
ton. still. as q general proposition,
we all know that the organization Of
our railroads. or. better. making them
ready for mobilization, IL one of tho
most important contributes TO ma
tional defence.
1.-THE veriest layInan knows that
only by NEAR of IL railroads would
It be possible to despatch promptly
and to move successfully a consider
able body Of troops. Not only this,
but our capacity to meet a military
emergency would Of necessity hinge
in the first place upon celebrity OF
action.
1.-THE vast area of our country. our
long coast lines. all make IL most inn
portant that our use Of the railroads
should be upon carefully thought out
plans. This includes many a little
line which runs to some unimportant
place commercially. but important
nevertheless from a military stand
point. AZ G. II. Markham, president
! Of the Illinois Central Railroad. has
recently said: Protection to DO ef-
fective must take into account not
only accustomed eateways but iso-
lated localities. Branch lines become
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-12
Regular Army Officer Shows Futility
of the million Men Over
Might Preparedness

business. or confusion reisus and or.
der--that primary requisite Of human
~ well as mechanical machines
falls and ruin results. Moreover. 1t
Is In division exercises that officers
receive the experience to hit them for
actual n Here their commands be-
come themselves, and they must Shout.
der the blame for all deficiencies in
them. and In the life and death game
Of war censure for ineficiency is not
likely to be long delayed Or particu-
larry pleasant when It comes
After a Few division problems intel
hgent officers and men plainly see
that they must keep themselves up to
the top notch Of efficiency II they are
not only to win the cause but save
themselves severe and needless Suf-