The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-10


 Early in the year the attention of the whole world was focused upon the possibility of new complications in volving neutral countries, but more particularly the United States. Feb. Grand Admiral von Tirpitz, chief of the German admiralty, had de clared a naval war zone-in the English channel on and after Feb. IS. This was an act of reprisal for the British policy of stopping food shipments to Germany. As German submarines were attacking British ships on the Irish coast hundreds of miles from their base in the North sea, the Cunar- der Lusitania, voyaging from New York to Liverpool, hoisted the United States flag as a measure of protection from attack. These two incidents drew from-the United States on Feb. II notes to the German and British governments, protesting against the German war zone and the use of the United States flag by the merchant ships of the belligerents.
 On the 18th Germany informed the United States that the war zone in the En glish channel would be maintained. On the 18th the German decree took effect, and a Norwegian steamer was torpe6loed in the English channel. On. the 2Oth the American steamer Evelyn was mysteriously sunk in the war zone previously declared by Great Britain in the Irish sea.
 On March Great Britain announced her intention to stop all ships to and from the ports of Germany. On the 18th Great Britain issued orders in council cutting of all outside trade with Germany and refused to agree
 German proposal to modify
 twar zone blockades. To, this the United States made protest. March 30.
 The Lusitania Case.
 On April 6 the. United States formal. ly challenged Great Britain's right to bal noncontraband trade from German ports. On May 1 the Lusitanfa= left New York for Liverpool having on board large quantities of war muni- lions and over 100 American subjects among the passengers. On the eve of sailing the German embassy at Wash ington published q warning to intend ing Voyagers to Europe to avoid Brit ish liners. Also on May 1 the United States steamer Gulfight was torpedoed by a German submarine in the war zone On the 7th the Lusftania was torpedoed and sunk off the Irish coast. Many Americans-we drowned. May. 13 the United States again protested against submarine warfare, citing the Lusitania case. May 26 the United States steamer Nebraskan was sunk off the coast of Ireland. and ,subse- quently Germany acknowledged that 1t was the work of a submariney
 June 10 the United States sent the second note to Germany on the Lus1- tania sinking and reiterated the note of May 13.e Great Britain responded to the United States protest of April on June A, stating that the blockade against neutral trade with German ports would continue. To this the United States replied on July IA that British orders in council would not be considered valid. s- H On July 8 Germany replied to the American second note and proposed to cooperate with the United States in safeguarding American lives on ves- sels in the naval war zone. Germany would respect American ships and ofs fered to supply vessels to be used in American service flying the United States flag. An answer to this note was dispatched July 21 iii language which was firm and conclusive through out and especially so in the last para graph, which stated that further at tacks on American ships must be re- garded as ''deliberateIy unfriendIy."
 Drive at Warsaw.
 Since the beginning. of July interest has centered upon the German. cam paign for Warsaw. As soon as the Austro=Gernans had driven the Rus sians from Galicta three movements were started to envelope the great capital of Poland The armies from Galieia, under General von- Mackensen. struck out for Ivangorod, which is south of Warsaw. On the west. where tile Germans had been intrenched ali the winter and spring within twenty five miles of the citadel, the Germans under General svon Hindenpurg advanc- ed eastward to within fifteen miles of Warsaw.
 Conforming to the movements of von Hindenburg and Won Mackensen, the strong German column north of Warsaw marc he'd southward, aiming at the Russian idefenses known as a Narew river line. the center of which is Pultusk. It was taken by the Ger mans July g.
 . When the German allies arrived in front of Ivangorod on the south and pressed forward toward the VistuIa west of Warsaw and also in the drive from the north to the Narew river line they encountered the Russian forces in their strong defenses, but the fall of Warsaw seemed imminent.
 The Italian invasion of Austrian ter ritory was made difficult by the noun tains which abound and have but few passes. These are we'll fortified. Ora disca. on the Isonzo, fell on June Il, and the Italian coIumus began fn nTsh for ward across the Carso plateau.
 In France and Belgium nothing of vital bearing took place in July The Germans captured Souchez cemetery and Hne~of trenches nea-t Arras. On the allied right the French reported success in the Argonne forest and n