davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
British Cruiser Takes
Schooner to Gibraltar

Philadelphia, Aug. "a cablegram
received to-day announces the seizure
of the American schooner Laura C..
Anderson by a British cruiser which
took her into Gibraltar. The schooner
cleared from Newport News, Va, June
%. for Melilla. Morocco, with a cargo
of bituminous coal.
The message, which was received by
A. D. Cummins & Co., agents for the
schooner, contained no further infor-
nation. It requested that the CON
signees name be cabled to the British
Admiralty. From this request the
agents assumed that the cargo was
shipped "to order" If this is so, the
agents declared, a mistake was made
at Newport News in clearing the yes
sci. The clearance papers, they said,
should have contained the consignee's
name The coal was shipped by frm
with Offices in New York, and the agents
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04

the trade of their enemy. Adjacent
10 Germany are various neutral coun-
tries which afforded her convenient op-
portunities for carrying on her trade
with foreign countries.
"Her own territories are covered by a
network Of railways and waterways.
which enable her commerce to pass as
conveniently through ports IN such
neutral countries as through her own.
A blockade limited to enemy ports
would leave open routes by which every
kind Of German commerce could pass
almost as easily as through the ports
in her own territory.
Rotterdam is, indeed, the nearest
outlet for some of the industrial dis
tricts of Germany II seems
accordingly that if it be recognized
that a blockade is in certain cases the
appropriate method of interceptlng the
trade Of an enemy country, and II the
blockade can only become effective by
extending it to enemy commerce pass
ing through neutral ports, such an eX-
tension is Gefenslble and IN accordance
with principles which have met with
general acceptance"
The note then refers to the case Of
the British ship Springbok, seized by
War while bound for the British West
Indies, because her cargo, it was
charged, was to be transshipped to the
Confederate States. The Supreme
Court Of the United States sustained
the seizure against the condemnation
of a group of prominent international
lawyers, although the United States
and British governments took the
broader view and recognized the dc
velopment of the older method Of
blockade. No protest was made by
Great Britain.
Consistent with Principles.
"What is really important, in the gem
eral interest" says the note, "is that
adaptations of the old rules should not
be made unless they are consistent
with the general principle upon which
an admitted bclligerent right is based.
Ii is also essential that all unnecessary
injury to neutrals should be avoided.
with these conditions 1t may be
safely affirmed that the steps we are
taking 10 intercept commodities on
their way to and from Germany fully
comply. We are interfering with no
goods with which We should not be
entitled 20 interfere by blockade if the
geographical position and the condl-
tions of Germany at present were such
that her commerce passed through her
own ports. We are taking the utmost
possible care not TO interfere with com
merce genuinely destined for or pro-
ceeding from neutral countries. Fur
thcrmore, we have tempered the sever
ity with which our measures might
press upon neutrals by not applying
the rule which was invariable IN the
old form of blockade, that ships and
goods on their way TO or from the
blockaded area are liable TO condemna-
ton"
The note then reviews the various
forms in which blockades have been
maintained to show there has been no
uniformity Of practice in very essen
tial points.
The Fundamental Principle.
Continuing, II says:
THE one principle which is funda'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
WANTS BULGARIA
WON TO ALLIES
"The Standard" Would
Have Serbia Forced to
Meet Demands.

London, Aug. Discussion Of the
course likely to be taken by the Aus
TRANS and Germans after the capture
of Warsaw leads "The Standard this
morning to advocate edtorially that
the Allies make a tremendous effort TO
gain Bulgaria by influencing Serbia 70
make the territorial concessions de-
sired by Bulgaria, on the theory that
a Germanic force on the south side Of
the Danube would overwhelm Serbia,
relieve Turkey, open the road to the
Black Sea and the Hgean, bring about
the complete discontinue of Russia
and have the gravest effect on the
fortunes of the Allies.
All this would be impossible, "The
Standard" sets forth, if the Balkan
states were soidly on the side of Great
Britain, Russia and France, Bulgaria
being the keystone to the arch"
at is not at all to the credit Of
Franco British diplomacy" says "The
Standard" that this question was not
settled long ago. We want Bulgaria's
cooperation. We have known from the
beginning the price to be paid, yet
while we have been talking and argu-
ing nothing has been accomplished, and
Bulgaria is losing patience and begin
ming TO listen to the cajolements and
offers Of our sdverSaries. This is a sad
bunglng, which ought to be made good
without further delay by businesslike
and Straightforward proposals. The
Serbs must be told that we cannot have
the issue of this war, in which we are
vindicating their rights to exist, jeop-
ardized because they insist on clingng
to their booty"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04

ence, would feel called upon to disre-
gard and refuse obedience to the pro
visions of such orders"
May Ask for Arbitration.
Sir Edward then points out that the
legality Of the Orders in Council, or of
the measures taken under them, has
not vet been brought TO a decision in a
prize court. but ne reminds the United
states that 1T is omen TO any United
states citizen whose claim is before
/ the prize court to contend il is incon-
sistent with the principles of interna-
tonal law and is therefore not binding
upon the court. II the prize court de-
cllnes TO accept his contentious, and
II, after such decision has been up
held on appeal by the judicial commit
tee of his maiesty's Privy Council. the
government of the United States con-
slders that there is serious ground for
holding that the decision is incorrect
and infrUges the rights of their citi-
zens. il is open TO them to claim that il
should be subjected to review by an in
ternational tribunal"
The celebrated Matamoros cases Of
the Civil War are then cited 10 show
that the Supreme Court of the United
States held that it had the right to
reverse the decisions of prize courts
and that there was no doubt Of the
jurisdiction of an international tri-
bunal TO review the decision Of the
prize courts Of the United States.
where the parties alleging themselves
aggrleved had prosecuted their appeals
to the courts Of last resort"
May Confer on New Method.
II the United States should be dis
satisfied with decisions of British prize
courts as sustained by the Privy Coun-
Gil, the British government is prepared
to concert with the United States "in
order to decide upon the best way of
applying the principle to the
situation which would then have
arisen"
To the American note in the case of
the steamer Neches, which summary
demanded the expeditions release Of
the American owned goods detained
under the orders in council, the inter
rational invalldity of which the govern
ment Of the United States regards as
plainly illustrated by the present in
stance" Great Britain replied that
while these acts of the German gov
eminent continue Sinking neutral as
well as British merchant ships, ire.
spective Of destination or origin Of
cargo, and without proper regard for
safety for passengers or crews). il
seems neither reasonable nor just tina.
his maJeSty's government should be
pressed TO abandon the rights claimed
in the British note and 10
allow goods from Germany to pass
freely through waters effectively pa.
trolled by British ships Of war"
Great Britain offers, however, 10
make special examination in the
Neches case if hardship had been in
flcted.
The British reply. in short. il dee.
lination to allow free passage to goods
originating in Germany or in a terri.
tory under German control. The zen.
eral cargo OF the Neches originated in
Belgium.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
GERMANY TO FLOAT
ANOTHER BIG LOAN

Berlin via London, Aug. 3.-The
chief business Of the Reichstag, which
assemblies on August 10, Will be 20 vote
new credits for war purposes. While
the details Of the new bonds have not
been arranged, il is assumed in bank
ing circles that the amount, as was the
case with the last loan, will be unlimi;-
ed. The rate will be 5 per cent, but the
subscription price is expected 70 be
somewhat above 30, as compared with
9Si2 for the March loan.
The prospects for the success Of the
next loan are regarded as being hghly
satisfactory The great German banks
say they have completely sold out their
bonds Of the two previous war loans
and now have unusually heavy depos-
its These recently were swollen 50
abnormally that the Berlin banks
short time ago reduced the rate paid on
current deposits 20 the normal level
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
FRENCH CARDINALS
TO PRAY FOR PEACE
But Add Germany Must Be
Beaten, TO Pope Benedict'S
Appeal.

Paris. Aug. 3.-Pope Benedict's ap-
peal for peace has elected from the
French Cardinals Lucon. Of Rheims;
Andrieu. Of Bordeaux: Cabrieres, of
Nontpelier. and SEWN. of Lyons, Joint
letter enjoining all French bishops TO
appoint a day of prayer for "the bless
ing Of durable peace with the trl-
Umph of our army"
The letter reviews the circumstances
under which the neutrality Of Belgium
was violated, under which France was
attacked by an enemy long prepared
to violate her territory" and states
Frances cause as that of "our justice
and civilization"
Cardinal Annette, Archbishop q of
Paris. did not sign the letter. He has
issued. however, a pastoral letter to
the clergy and the faithful of his do
cese for the occasion of the Feast of
the Assumption, recalling the story of
Joan Of Arc. who replied to the theO-
logians Directing that if God decided
TO give victory to Charles VII il was
needless to fight, by saving: Soldiers
should fight. and God will give vic
tOryi"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
British Detain Cargo
Bound for Sweden

London, Aug 3.-The Danish steam
ship Hulda Maer5k. which sailed from
Savannah July 10 and Norfolk July
10 for Malmo, Sweden, with a cargo
of cottonseed. is BENG detained in a
port of the United Kingdom by the
British authorities.
Malmo advices state that several
ships laden with wheat from America
have been detained there owing 10 The
discovery that the wheat. which was
consigned to a Malmo merchant, was
destined to Germany Three large
steamers, 20 which it was intended TO
transfer the wheat, are also held.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
BRITISH STEAMER
SUNK BY U-BOAT
Captain ard Eleven OF
Crew of the RAMA Land
ed-Thirteen Missing.

London, Aug. 3.--The British steamer
RAMA has been sunk. The captain and
eleven members of the crew of twenty
four have been landed safely.
The RAMA, of 1920 tons gross, 3O3 feet
long, with a beam of forty-three feet
probably was sunk by a German sub
marine. but a statement to this effect
is withheld by the British Admiralty
which has announced that it will no
longer make public information show
ing the waters in which German under
water boats are operating.
The RAMA, which was built at West
Hartlepool in 1902 and was owned by
W. Christie & Co., of London, was last
reported as having arrived at Liverpool
on July 4.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04

mental and has obtained universal rec
ignition, is that by means OF Jlockade
bellgerent Is entitled TO ct of by
effective means the sea-borne commerce
OF his enemy
Consequently, Sir Edward argues, it
is impossible to maintain that the right
of a belligerent to intercept the COM
merce of his enemy can be limited in
the way suggested in the American
notes on the subject.
There are many cases" he says, ain
which proofs that the goods were
enemy property would a.ord strong
evidence that they were of enemy ORR
gin or enemy destination, and it is
only in such cases that we are de-
tanning them. Where proof of enemy
ownership would afford no evidence OF
such origin or destination, we are not
in practice of OBTAINING the goods"
Sir Edwards note closes with the
observation that Figures of recent
months show that the increased oppOr-
tunities afforded by the war for Amer
pensated for the loss of the German
and Austrian markets. We
shall continue TO apply these measures
with every desire to Ocobsion the least
possible amount of inconvenience TO
persons engaged in legitimate COM
merce."
The Supplemental Note.
In the supplemental note, which is a
reply to the American caveat giving
notice that the United States would
not recognize the Orders in Council in
lieu of international law. Sir Edward
Grey writes that he does not understand
to what divergence Of views as TO the
principles of law applicable in cases
before the prize court the government
of the United States refers. for | am
not aware of any differences existing
between the two countries as to the
principles of law applicable in cases
before such courts"
Sir Edward compares the rules gov
erning British prize courts to the rules
applied by American courts, referring
especiallv 10 the American case of the
Any Warwick before the United States
Supreme Court. where il was held that
prize courts are subject 10 the in
structions of their own sovereign. In
the absence of such instructions their
jurisdiction and rules of decision are
TO be ascertained by principles by
which they are governed under the
public law and the practice Of all ma
tions. 1t would appear. therefore. that
the principles applied by the prize
courts Of the two countries are ldenti-
cal"
The supplemental note then proceeds
with a long legal argument 70 demon
strate the practicability OF prize
court being governed by international
law. and at the same time by munich
raj law in the form OF Orders in Coun-
ell It finally comes TO the case Of the
steamer Zamora. in the present war.
i'm which the British court declared:
"The nations Of the world need not be
apDrehensiye that Orders in Council
will emanate from the government Of
this country in such violation Of the
acknowledged laws Of nations that il
is conceivable that our prize tribunals,
holding The law OF nations IN reYer'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04

Warsaw. Aug. (by mail to Petro-
Grad. Aug. 3).-The Governor General
Of warsaw is still at his post, and Rus
sian authority here is intact There IS
talk in military circles to the effect
that II the Russian lines hold a week
longer the city will never be abandoned
The Warsaw civic committee and cen
trail committee, embracing all the local
civic committees, are working together
tremendously with the Russian authori-
ties Prince Lubomirsky is temporary
president Of both the Warsaw and cen
tral committees. The organization OF
civic guards is managed by separate
committees, subordinate to the CIVIC
committees.
Twenty thousand guards have been
enrolled at Warsaw. Approximately
100000 persons have left the capital for
the interior of Russia. Hunger has not
vet been felt and trade is brisker than
yspal. there being ample work in con-
nection with the war.
Warsaw Streets Lively.
Warsaw has grown so accustomed TO
tho nearness of military lines that
there is no disposition to panic. ne
etreets Of the capital are hveller than
those of the average Russian CITY, ana
The town has not suffered materially
from the campaign -.
The situation is very different from
this in the provinces from "hiCh ,"e
p d., army has withdrawn. Lubln,
Ior1za Plotsk, Suwalki and the rural
Derts Of Warsaw province nave Deen
FforcIv visited. When the retirement
hegan the Russian commanders were
IMMERSED with the deslraDlhty or Iea'-
inc nothing that might sustain the Ger
man armies. .;.Ll~or
al of entire populations, the destruc5
ton Of villages, forests ana crops "i.'
40 reuoval Of cattle, horses, lmple-
ments and various other xmas Oh pIoD-
CIV In some cases the villagers We're
6irected to execute these orders them
eeIves on promise Of spcedler compehsa-
tion. Few complied, as the villagers
feared that they would not be aDIe 70
make a record Of their losses.
Grand Duke Modifes Order.
The Warsaw civic and general com
roittee then appealed TO Grand Duke
WicboIas for modification of the or
der The committee had the support
of the Archbishop of Warsaw. The
Grand Duke accordingly issued instrg9c-
tons ms that no property should be de
stroyed except in case Of military
necessity, and permitting the popu'a-
tions to remain.
A clear majority Of the people are
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
WARSAW CAN BE SAVED
IF HELD ANOTHER WEEK
Civ VIII Not Be Abandoned, Russian Military tx
perts Think if Lines Can Resist Present Press
ure-Trade There Still Brisk.

lovai to Russia, and seemingly the low
atty Of the Poles has been strengthened
10y Premier Goremyhn's promise Of
autonomy.
Refugees arriving here from the
provinces declare that order every
where is being maintained, that there
has been no pillaging, robbery or vlo-
lence. Advices from LODI are to the
effect that all grain and garden prod
uce in the Polish provinces have been
confscated~ by the Germans, Lodz, and
certain Industrial areas excepted, leav-
ing barely enough to sustain the life
of the population. In addition, tx
has been levied equalling the existing
land tax.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
August Q we captured 1900 prisoners
and took several machine guns.

August Q we captured 1900 prisoners
and took several machine guns
Vienna (via London), Aug. Sine
following official statement was lssueo
from general headquarters to-day
Between the Nistula and the BUG
the fighting, whicn was continued win
undated violence, led TO new successes
Pressed near Leczns and northwest Oh
Cholm the enemy, whose line was
again broken, retreated in the .' cary = y
morning northward from the lines ne
had obstinately defended yesterday,
pursued by our troops, who occupied
Leczna. ,ol
"The Russians west Of lvangoroda'
mood nv orr victory Of August l,
withdrew from the greater portion OF
their line toward the fortress north
west OF Ivangorod. German troops
have passed through the broad forest
zone in front of the Nistula..
I'm East Galicia the situation is I'M
changed"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
Two Americans Killed on
lberian, Ambassador Says

Washington, Aug. 3.-American Con-
sul Frost, at Queenstown, reported to-
day that there remained no doubt that
the British steamer Iberian, sunk by a
German submarine last week, at
tempted to escape after orders to stop:
Mark Wiley, an American sailor, died
of wounds from shell fire, and Martin
Sheridan, another victim, had taken out
his first citizenship papers at Maiden,
Mass.
A later message from Ambassador
Page, at London, added the name of j.
Carroll, address not given, to the Amer
leans dead in the attack on the lberian.
The Leyland Line has informed Ameri-
can officials in England that only four
Americans were aboard the steamer,
Carroll and Wiley, who were killed, and
NJ Healy and j. Wright, now in Queens
town.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
BRITAIN DENIES
DEMAND OF U. S,
Continued from page l

o,oo over the American steamer
Tncbos seized by the British while en-
80 IRON Rotterdam 10 the United
ctetes with goods of German origin.
All the correspondence aggregates '.OOO
words. .f..o ho
pritisb note contends, require a new
annlication Of the principles OF inter-
rstional law. The advent OF the SUD
marine. the airship and the aHeged
atrocities by German troops IN bel-
e,iunn are cited as justification LOT me
oxercise of extreme measures. ne
blockade is justified on the contention
that the universally recognized luhua-
mental principle of bio kade Is ina az
belligerent is entitled to cut on Dy
effective means the sea-DoIhe yum
merce of his enemy
Loss in Trade Overbalanced.
rho rote reiterates that Great Brit
.;n will continue TO apply the orders
aanoDiained Of, although not without
o,,arv effort to avoid embarrassment 70
,,+yoIs II observes that the Amer
- statistics show that any loss IN
ID with Germany and Austria mas
been more than overbalanced DIV the
;Dcrease of other industrial activities
due to the war. .-;.
In the general reply 10 the American
,,rosap+atious against the orders IN
Cnnncil Sir Edward Grey, Foreign MIN
&c. addressing Ambassador Page, be-
,,;ns NV expressinC the hope that ne
nav be able 10 convince the ADMIN
,stration in Washington mat Ihe
measures we have announced are not
only reasonable and necessary IN tnem-
selves. but constitute no more IMAM an
sdantation of the old principles OF
blockade to the peculiar circumstances
with which we are confronted r..
." need scarcely dwell" wrote SIR
Edward. ION the obligations incumbent
unon the Allies 10 take every step IN
their mower TO overcome their common
enemy in view Of the shocking VIOLA
tion Of the recognized rules and prln-
cinles of civilized warfare Of which ne
has been guilty during the present
STRUGGLE" -:.:-.
IN Relgium. the poisoning OF wells IN
German Southwest Africa, use Of pols-
onous gases against the allied troops IN
FLANDERS, and, finally, the sinking OF
the Lusitania, TO show how mas
pensable il is that we should leave un-
used no justifable method Of defending
ourselves"
Right of Blockade.
Coming down to the question Of the
allied blockade Of neutral ports, the
note continues:
'"In the various notes which | have
received from your excellency, the
right Of a belligercnt to establish a
blockade Of the enemy ports is admit
ted, a right which has obviously no
value save in so far as it gives power to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
4 New Cruisers for Germany

|IT IIITU " mn ITIUu|TI
London, Aug 1.-The Amsterdam
correspondent Of "The Daily Express"
telegraphs:
81 understand Admiral Won Tirpitz is
working on a new naval programme for
filing. after the war, the gaps made n
the German fleet by the British. Four
large cruisers Of great speed are to be
built They will be named the Won
Hindenburg. the Won Mackensen, the
Zeppelin and the Won Wcddingen.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
Russians Maintain
Enemy at Distance
tBy Gable TO The Tribune J

Petrograd, Aug. s dispatch TO "The
Daily News" OF London).-The posi-
ton at Warsaw is still unchanged &C
tions north and south Of the city are
proceeding successfully Tor the NUS NUS
SANS who are stubbornly holding
back the enemy. while their own main
bodv continues to fall back in proper
order.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04
WANTS KAISER SUPREME
German Leader Declares War
Must End England's Power.
Bv GORDON GORDON-S SMITH.
by cable 10 Tie tribune ]

Zurich, Aug. 3.-Herr Bassermann,
the leader of the National Liberals,
who was the first German parliament
tartan to demand the annexation Of
Belgium and Luxembourg and the north
Of France, speaking at Cologne yester-
DAY. said
ave will carry on the war on land
and sea till we have overthrow COM
pletely the arrogant hegemony Of Eng
land. What we want is greater and
more powerful Germany. The neces-
sity Of the hour is the German world
policy"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04

made sacrifices to sustain their prin-
ciples, that they will not, we are sure,
in this great crisis allow material con-
siderations of passing magnitude TO in
dividuals, but no more than a grain OF
sand in the scale of civilization, TO I'M
peril the worlds future"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-04

expected to forward the name as soon
as they heard from New York.
Advices from Norfolk are that the
schooner Laura c. Anderson cleared
in proper order from Newport News
Collector Hamilton said to-day there
was no necessity that the name OF
the consignee be inserted in the clear
ance papers. When the name of the
consgnee was requested for the private
files of the custom house it was not
furnished