The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1915-04-09

MI Holland plan.
Mr.. Holland and his contemporaneous
workers in this field of naval architecture
designed that their boats should in the light
est condition show very little of their hulls.
In other words, only moderate amount Of
water ballast, which could be taken in quick
w. would then be needed in order 10 make the
submarine ready TO run beneath the waves.
This meant that all of the crew would have
to be shut up inside of the submarine when
the sea was at all rough.
The submersble, on the other hand, as Mr.
Lake evolved it, had superstructure which
insured large measure of reserve buoyancy
when in the light or normal surface condi
hon, and this made for seaworhiness ana
offered u chance for the crew TO come out up
ON the deck or TO stand upon the coming
tower in all but extremely stormy weather
Because of the space thus obtained inside of
the superstructure room was left within the
pressure resisting shell of The submersibe
for comfortable bunking accommodations
and space where the men could sit and rest
or read when off duty. At once this put the
under water boat in a class approaching the
ordinary torpedo boat
This reference TO what the two American
inventors have done is needful in order to
make clear the developments that have fol
lowed both here and abroad While some
of the European countries have Oulstripped
us in the size of their under sea boats much
Of their lead is undoubtedly due TO the pre-
liminary work done by Mr.. Holland and Mr.
Lake But they were anticipated by another
designer, an freshman, who did some things
in the way Of building submarines that were
truly remarkable. The genius in question
was the Rev. George William Garrett who
was intended by nature 10 be an engineer
Mr. CARROTS father was a minister. and
the son served for a while rs his assistant
To add 10 his all too slim salary the son gave
boxing lessons IN the back yard of public
house He was anything but a typical par.
son, and his restless energies were later d.
rected TO the designing building and test
ing of n submarine, known as the Resurgan,
which was unfortunately lost off the Welsh
coast when undertaking deep water expert
ments.
TO return to the latter day submarines.
There was in the beginning a hazy notion
among naval men as 10 Just how these craft
should be employed in time of war. Now it
is recognized that their mission is 10 do in
the daytime Just what the destroyer seeks 10
achieve after nightIall that is 10 get unob
served within torpedo range of the enemy
But the increasing size Of under water
boat, la, brought in its train manipula-
tive problem. II was not long ago that one
of the kascr's ''I' bOat- was caught in the
awash condition, and before she could take
in enough water ballast 10 dive she was ram
med by n speedy British destroyer aud sent
10 the bottom. You must know that il is
impossible for these subaQueou5 torpedo YES.
sells TO force Themselves below the surface by
their submcrging uddcr- until their reserve
Of buoyance has been reduced 10 certain
point.
Much has been done, however, in fine way
OF Facilitating this operation, and in the most
up-to-dae submcNlbles not more than six
minutes is needed in which TO pas, from the
light surface state TO readiness to dive. the
craft then having reserve buOyancy of prob
ably not more than 500 pounds. But even
50. this situation has IFS dangers in the pres.
cnce of destroyers capable Of making thirty
odd knots an hour Inside of siA minutes at
n speed Of thirty knots a surface craft could
cover three miles, and from distance of five
miles could soon get close enough 10 make
certain of sinking a submarine by gun fire.
This is one of the elements of weakness in
the submersibe which the designers are seek
ing 10 overcome.
One of the best solutions of the problem is
that offered by the famous Italian firm the
Fiat-San Giorgio of SpcZia. Major Cosarc
laurent. the technical director of the com
pany. has produced some notable boats and
has lately finished the biggest vessels of thi,
type afloat Indeed. one of these was given
her trial by Germany only few DAYS ago
The craft has a submerged displacement OF
about ! 800 tons somewhat more than the
seagoing submarine which We are TO build.
1rr,srs.
,tr,st ,.o,ejk arms ouAatrns