Evening journal., 1915-01-16
TO PREVENT UNEMPLOYMENT.

ID EGuLARIzATION Of industry, establishment OF
A public employment exchanges systematic distri-
button of public work prevention or absorption of
surplus labor, unemployment insurance and consruc-
tive care Of the unempoyaDe, the six steps pro-
posed in practical program for the prevention of un-
employment just issued in twenty report by Dr.
John B. Andrews. secretary Of the American Assoca-
ton Unemployment from the associations head
quarters at 181 East 23d street New York.
"rhe time is past" says DR.. Andrews when the
problem of unemployment could be disposed of either
by ignoring it, the practice until recent years in
America. by attributng it to laziness and in
efficiency We beginning to recognize that the
Of unemployment not so much individual
and due to the shifessness Of won't works social
and inherent in our present method Of industrial
ganization."
Employers employees and the public as consumers, it
is pointed out all have duty IN helping regular
industry BY establishing employment departments
in their plants. planning output ahead Offering i'm
ducemenis for slack trade and in other ways
employers urged to do what they to make
every Job steady job. AZ the same time employees
are advised to encourage adjustments through short
time and overtime agreements rather than by dis
charge of part the force while dscouraging
3vo overtime by demand for double pay for such
work THE slogan Of the consumer should become
shop regularity says the program, in deprecating ir
regular and capricous purchasing.
Public employment exchanges are advanced
thropy Both municipal and state exchanges adj
vocated, supplemented by federal bureau of employ
ment to similarity of operation and Of nforma
tion throughout the country Neutrality in labor dis
putes is made cardinal principal for all exchanges.
Public work" says the program, should be made
to as a sponge absorbing the OF labor in
bad years and slack and setting them free
again when the demand for them increases again in
private business" Successful operation Of public
works in several countries is cited
Limitations child labor thorough industrial train
ing a revival of agriculture and country life and
constructive policy of regulating and distributing i'm
migration are coupled with the regulation of working
hours of adults possible steps in preventing alb
sorbing the surplus Of labor which inensifes the
employment problem in large industrial centers.
For those who nevertheless are unemployed although
able and willing to work, it is proposed that unem-
ployment insurance such is in operation in Eng
land since 1918 be established in America also. Out
of-work benefits by trade unions, either assisted or
not assisted by public contributions, and a national
system of public unemployment Insurance. suggest
ed as possible methods All have found successful
application i'm various countries
When all these steps have been taken, it is pointed
out there still remains the problem Of the unempoy
able including those who sick, aged, inefficient,
foeble minded, or semi-crimnal, well as those who
refuse t. work To these different groups it is pro-
posed 20 give varied constructive aiming wherever
possible their early restoration to normal working
life and independence.
The general scheme Of economic reconstruction and
organization outlined WILL its hackers believe lead to
conspicuous and permanent Improvement The plan
is being widely circulated for criticism and suggestions
"
in 1frIs wit re-