davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-06-20

volving on them in time Of war. In
warlike operations of an offensive
character a position, presumably on
the enemys shore. is seized. 1t then
becomes the work Of the Marine Corps,
having obtained landing. to hold that
position as a refuge for ships and their
train, consisting of the auxiliary craft,
solIiers repair ships and the like, and to
prepare the way for the landing OF troops
in larger numbers.
Such operations require the services
of practically all of the elements of an
army. Hence three years ago there was
established at Philadelphia an advanced
base school to train these elements both
theoretically and in practical operation
At stated times the advanced base bri-
eade is taken to the West Indies to try
out what has been taught
''Thus, we have in the advanced base
brigade compa MES that train in the opera
ton Of heavy guns. field artillery COM
panies signal corps companies. mine
planting companies, engineer companies
which train in the construction Of piers,
in concrete construction for fortilcattons,
in the work of demolishing bridges and
buildings, and similar special duties; and
units that are trained specially in the
handling Of high explosives, in the use
of direct and indirect methods of fire and
In other technical subjects.
The advanced base brigade at Phila-
delphia consists Of two regiments. one
fixed, defensive regiment, and the other
q mobile regiment for offensive operations
The mobile regiment is infantry, with the
addition of machine gun companies.
.Included in the heavier equipment OF
+he fixed defensive regiment we have six
teen flve-inch guns. In the batteries OF
field artillery we have sixteen three-inch
guns, duplicates Of those used by the field
artillery of the army. and two Al guns
or siege pieces. The mine company has
sixty submarine mines. The Signal Corps
company is given thorough instruction in
ali classes Of. communication, including
telegraphing. by wire and wireless; wig
wag and semaphore.
"The brigade is supplied with all the
necessary equipment, such as shears.
tackle. railroad track. cars, etc, for
handling the heavy guns 1t also is equip
ned with field wireless outfits, ambulances
and aeroplanes In the maneuvers last
winter at Culebra, Porto Rico, all Of these
appliances were thoroughly tested out.
and since then at Philedalphia We have
been making improvements. adding new
material. and in every way possible get
ting ready for future maneuvers or
actual service.
ut is within tho scheme as soon as
Evening star., 1915-06-20

eastward to the road, which leads from
Hytaffer to Swinks mill.
On the right is low, wooded country,
just taking on the form of a valley,
and through that is flowing SCOTS run,
not yet having reached the Wild and
rocky part of its course. But the de-
scent both of the dirt road and of the
branch is steady. and half mile far
ther on road and branch are running
side by side through rocks and trees.
Where the water of the branch is es
pecially frothy and noisy you see a
jumbled mass of rocks and rotting tim
Der, and you know that there was once
mill dam. A depression through the
shrubbery tells that once it was a mill
race. and if you explore a laurel thicket
you will come upon heaps of rocks that
were once Balls mill-a mill that was
grinding about century ago and which
ceased to grind about the time of the
breaking out of the civil war.
Following the road and the creek you
come to the Leesburg pike, where it
climbs down and up across the valley
of SCOTS run. Swink's mill stands at
the southwest corner of the road juno
ton, and the home of the former mill
er, E F. Swink, stands at the southeast
corner.
Mr. Swink told the Rambler that the
mill was built at that place a few
years after the close of the civil war,
grinding grain from the fields that had
poured their golden tribute between the
stones of Balls mill. which stood far
ther up the run and which had ended
its toll with the coming of the war
Mr. Swink said that the present mill
had been built and set in operation by
a man named Welsh. 1t was, of course.
known as Welsh's mill. Later it be-
came McGarrity's mill, Albert McGar-
rity having assumed control of its des-
TIMES. Twenty three years ago 1t be-
came Swink's mill, but profits on grind
ing wheat and corn declined and the
wheels of the old mill ceased to turn.
The place where the Leesburg pike,
the Swink mill road and SCOTS run
meet is a low. damp and woody region.
There is a hilltop clearing, or hill
side clearing above the mill in the di-
rection of Washington and in log
house in that clearing lives Henrietta
Carter.
The pike crosses the run on bridge
and then climbs a steep hill with wide
and dark laurel-tangled ravines on
both sides. while the run boils and
splashes on it's way toward the Poto-
mac, which it enters between Yellow
Rock and Stubblefleld falls near Jack
son Island, which, before it was jack
Evening star., 1915-06-20

possible to establish similar advanced
base on the Pacific coast.
THE new Marine Corps transport. which
is now being built at Philadelphia, Is
designed especially to handle and store
all of the advanced base outfit, together
with the necessary men forming the ad-
vanced base brigade, although, Of course.
one ship cannot carry all OF the person.
mel This vessel will accommodate some
fifteen hundred men and their officers
The remainder to make up brigade
would go on other vessels
THE battalion of field artillery. con-
sisting of four companies, is being trained
at Annapolis The training is precisely
that of the army, except that We have
not the horses. At Vera Cruz last year.
where three companies operated. we bor-
rowed mules from the army. Horses.
where needed, would accompany the guns
on transport"
Are YOU making horse marines of your
force" was asked.
Where necessary. yes" said Gen. Bar
nett Operating in units as large as a
battalion or larger. horses are necessary
for the field officers at least. Provision
is made on the marine transport now
being built for the accommodation OF
thirty-two officers horses. Marine Corps
officers are now required to be proficient
In horsemanship"
In other words according to these state
ments of Gen. Barnett, the scheme OF ad-
vanced base work is to have always
ready a complete, even though small. ex-
peditionary army. containing every neces-
Sary element Of what, in land warfare,
would be an army corps Some questions
on this aspect Of the corps work brought
from Gen. Barnett this remark:
THE duties Of the marines as part Of
the navy have been changed as the needs
have changed In the earlier days. both
in Great Britain and the United States,
when mutinies were not uncommon.
marines were maintained aboard ship
largely as guards. but that requirement
long ago passed away. Today the marines
are primarily landing force, although
at sea they are part of the ships COM
pany, handle the guns assigned to them
there. do boat duty, and many other
duties that also are performed by the
men of the navy proper"
xk
How is the personnel of the corps now
distributed?"
"At Philadelphia we have 1900; aboard
ships, in small detachments. 1000: at
Norfolk. the general recruiting depot on
the Atlantic coast, 500: at Mare Island.
the general recruiting depot on the
Pacific. 500: at Guam, 400; in the lega-
ton guard at Peking. China. ESQ: In the
Philippines, 225 lat Managua- Nicaragua
1O5; at Honolulu. H. T., $50; at the
Panama-Pacif1c exposition at San Fran
cisco, $50; at the San Diego exposition.
400. The remainder arc distributed In
barracks at the various navy yards"
.syVhat is the manner in which officers
are now cl>esen for the Marine Corps?
up to 1883 officers were appointed
from civil life. In 1888 all vacancies were
filed from graduates OF the Naval
Evening star., 1915-06-20

Aca denny. This practice continued to
1898, when the increase in the corps was
nish enough Since then appointments
have been made from civil life. and by
promotion from the ranks. This year.
however. all vacancies are to be filled
by graduates of the Naval Academy.
Second lieutenants appointed from
civil life are now sent, on being commits
stoned, to the Marine Officers School at
Norfolk, for two years intensive train
ing before being assigned to regular duty.
The course there covers general subjects,
and also all military branches. such as
engineering, topography. gunnery, cleo
tricity, signaling, torpedo operation and
the like
THE adaptability of marines for any
duty required. ashore or afoat, is what
has given the corps its distinction" said
Gen. Barnett when the talk turned to
the part the marines have played in
American history.
The marines. as organized under the
act Of 1775. took part in nearly all OF
the sea engagements Of the revolution-
ary war. In the battle between tho
Bon Homme Richard and the Seraphis
the marines suffered very heavy losses.
for out of 1877 marines engaged 40 were
killed or wounded.
"Supplanting the temporary act OF
1775. on July II. 1898. an act was ap-
proved for the establishment and or
ganization of a marine corps This IS
the first official act for the establish
ment of a regular marine corps. the
Navy Department having been organized
for the first time April 80 Of the same
year. This new act provided for an or
ganization consisting Of one major, four
captains, sixteen first lieutenants. twelve
second lieutenants and about $50 pri-
Yates and non-commissioned officers.
I'm the war with Tripoh the marines
took part. and it was during this war
that a marine saved the life of Capt.
Decatur who was in mortal combat with
the captain of one of the Tripolitan gun
boats The marine interposed his arm,
saved the life of Capt. Decatur. but
lost the arm.
The first increase In the corps came
in 1909. when it was increased by about
700 men. In the war of 1872 the ma
rines took part in all of the naval en-
gagements, and many of. those on land,
During the Mexican war the marines
took a prominent part. some of them
serving on detached duty with the army
of Gen. Scott during his campaign, and
being present at the battle of Chapulte-
pee. The division of Gen. Quitman was
the first to enter the City of Mexico,
and marines formed a part of this di-
vision.
The marines took part in the expedi-
tions to Japan and Korea: were in all
of the leading naval engagements of the
civil war, and in many of those on land
one battalion did good service at the
first battle Of Bull Run-and likewise
took part in all of the engagements Of
the Spanish-American war. and We're
very active in the Philippine insurrec-
ton. They likewise participated in the
siege Of Peking in 1900
ASHAfUN BROWN.
Evening star., 1915-06-20

II
~ rude built tower on the Virgin
ia side of the Potomac river be-
< tween Washington and Great
Falls, and is a viewpoint reached by
many persons. though the number Of
pilgrims measured by the whole popu-
lation of the capital is negligible.
No mans hand played any part IN
the building of this tower 1t is older
than any work of man. When the
water which we call the Potomac rip
ped and tore channel from the Alle-
ehenies to the sea it left standing this
castle of rock, and other waters rush
ing to join the Potomac have washed
deep and steep ravines on either side
and have Uttered the slopes of these
dark chasms with great powders. all
jumbled and heaped and strewn
around as though some mad or SportiVe
giant had there built himself a house
and then had thrown it down.
The country for miles around the
rock is closely wooded. No matter how
you approach the place from the land
side. your way will lay through woods
wherein grow all the trees, wild shrubs
and wild flowers of this latitude. and
in the thickets. the dense woods and
the relatively open woods nearly all
the birds-permanent residents. sum-
mer residents. summer migrants and
winter miErantS-may be found, with
the result that this territory is a fa-
vorite hunting ground for the numer-
Gus true naturaliSts and the more
numerous near-naturalists of WASH
ington.
As all who live or wander in that
part of the country around Washing
ton know, the land between the Lees
burg pike. which leads west from
Chain bridge. and the river is tree
grown with here and there a clearing
Evening star., 1915-06-20

son Island. was Turkey Island, name
that endures today among the oldest
settlers in the region.
But on this trip you do not want to
follow the run. Your way leads west
ward on the pike and after climbing
the hill. after crossing the bridge, you
come to a gray stone wall by the side
of the pike and on the right hand. A
we'll, covered by a quaint rustic house,
stands close by the road. There is a
lawn, gay with patches of bright flow
ers, and above these rise very old black
locust trees. In the background is
comfortable and retired-looking house.
II is around this house and among the
locust trees that part of Jackson ruins
Evening star., 1915-06-20

which in most cases shows signs Of re-
turning to the forest state. In these
woods, especially along the leaf-green
and rock-gray palisades, is an occa
sional permanent home, bungalow or
camp but they are few, and it may
be that following one of the many dim
and faint trails that lead through this
vast tree-tract you will travel miles
without coming upon habitation.
The average width of the forest from
the pike TO the Potomac is a mile. but
in places the distance is not so great,
while in others il is considera bly,
greater, for, although the ancient
though now little-traveled road runs
straight, the river bends and loops and
Evening star., 1915-06-20

Regular Army Cavafy-s Now Developing
Both Field Siege Marines Will Be No Joke but Real
Tbne- Fighting Force Tells of Its
nand Accomplishments.
Evening star., 1915-06-20

recent years the corps has developed
in its own strength every class Of mill
tary specialists known to the army
with the sole exception of cavalry. 1t
has now infantry. field artillery. fixed
defensive artillery. like the coast ar
tilleFy of the army; engineers, signal
corps and all the necessary staff corps
In other words. il is self-contained
and almost complete army in itself
Leave il in the vicinity of corral full
of horses overnight and by morning it
would have a cavalry force and be
entirely complete.
The Marine Corps is no parvenu In
the armed services of the nation. In
fact, it is about in the oldest service in
existence There were American ma
fines thirty-six years before there was
an American government. The British
always have had a profound apprecia-
ton of the marines. so, away back in
l740, the British government organ
lied three regiments of American ma
rines in the crown colony of New
York 1t was a mighty useful force
in the colonial wars.
Profting by thit the Continental
Congress, as early as 1775, resolved:
That two battalions of marines be
lieutenant coloneis. two majors ana
other officers, as used in other regi-
ments: that they consist of an equal
number of privates with other bat
talions; that particular care be taken
that no persons be appointed to Off
GERS or enlisted into said battalions
but such as are good seamen, or so
acquainted with maritime affairs as
TO be able to serve to advantage by
sea when required; that they be en-
C~-
and during the present war between
Great. Britain and the colonies. unless
dismissed by order of Congress; that
they be distinguished by the name of
the lst and I'd Battalions of American
Marines"
the marines took part the capture
Of New Providence. in February, 1776
The landing party was composed of
battalion of marines and landsmen
under the command of Maj. Nichols of
the Marine Corps. and was entirely
successful according to history.
Since then the corps has had a re-
markable record of being entirely sue
cessful in action.
At the head of this adaptable little
army is Mai Gen. George Barnett COM
mandant Of the corps. who directs its
affairs from headquarters in Washing
ton and who lives in the historic old
house, erected for the commandant in
1904 near the marine barracks in WASH
ington He. in vigorous personality and
career. is typical Of the corps he heads
In 1877 George Barnett, boy
of eighteen, living in his native Wis
consin. was appointed to the Naval
Academy at Annapolis by Representa-
tive George c. Hazelton of the third
Wisconsin district, who, after his retire.
ment from Congress. made his residence
in Washington. where he still lives. At
Evening star., 1915-06-20

calico bush. but which is set down in
the books of botanists as kalmia lati-
falia, one of the most popular and
beautiful shrubs. Nearly every Wash
ingtonian who goes into the woods
brought back to the city during the
last two weeks of May and the first
week of June armfuls of these bios
SONS. little book which the Ram
bier carries with him on his walks tells
this about kalmia, which belongs to
the heath family:
I'm the north it grows from three to
eight feet in height, but in the south
ern states it often attains heights OF
twenty to thirty feet The leaves are
dark glossy green, pointed at eachs end
Evening star., 1915-06-20

.OSPECT ROCK.
This trail leads you along the back.
bone. of a ridge that steadily grows
narrower. Great ravines falling away
on the right and the left are steadily
deepening. The roar of water comes
to your ears. Through the foliage and
the branches of the trees you catch
glimpses of the river far below and tha
wooded hills on the Maryland side A
few rods bring you to the end of the
trail at the base of a pile of gray
rocks. The place is Prospect Rock,
and. climbing upon the rocks. you have
such a view of the river. the woods
and hills to the north. the east and the
west as an eagle might envy
Evening star., 1915-06-20

stand and about which the Rambler
has previously written.
At the west corner OF the low stone
wall by the side of the pike lane leads
off to the right and toward the river.
That is your way. Following this and
veering to the left wherever the trail
forks you pass down a stony hill and
come upon a fine spring. The shade
here and the cold, safe water will in
vite you to rest. From the spring the
road continues down grade through
Evening star., 1915-06-20

q = occurs often in the dis
patches telling of the activities of the
American feet abroad. II comes at
the beginning of all American wars,
and 1t comes many times when no war
results
Embattled American marines fought
a lusty campaign in Nicaragua no
longer ago than 1912 but officially that
was not war. Also, nearly 5000 of
them took part in the operations at
Vera Cruz last year. but also that was
not war. American marines. 1t would
appear. can go into a country and
shoot II up for its national good. and
still avert war. That is one of the
handiest things about this tight little
force. soldiers and sailors. 100"
In all American wars, on sea or land
the marines have participated. II is a
corps that fights alongside the navy
when the navy is fighting: but if the
fghtins is too far inla nd for the float
ing service, the marines go ashore and
help out the army. II isn't particular
how II goes. II will hike or ride
horses or mules-eyen il has been
biies. anyway TO get there Always it
arrives with a punch in either hand.
Ah,' murmurs the captious critic
noting the statement that the Marine
Corps has been in all American wars.
what about the Indian wars"
Read history. Mr.. Captious Critic.
Wasn't IL detachment of marines
under Col Henderson that, in 1885,
took prominent part in the campaign
against the Creek Indians? OF course
IL was. The statement stands as
written.
Evening star., 1915-06-20

winds through the crooked valley it
has quarried. The forest country is
not all included between the old road
and the river, but much of the land
between the electric line leading to
Great Falls and the pike is also in
wild state, a green wilderness at this
season and a white or gray wilderness
in winter.
Prospect Rock is about one mile
north Of the pike and about two miles
north of the electric railway. One of
the features of the country is that it is
eroded with ravines. most of them
deep, with steep sides which are gen
orally matted with that evergreen vari-
ously called laurel, or spoonwood, or
Evening star., 1915-06-20

From Tripoli to the halls of the
Aontezumas." the Marine Corps wrote
IN its motto in the proud days follow
ing its splendid record in the Mexi-
can war. The motto remains today
without amendment, but il does not
begin 10 tell the story. To tell II all
would take book, and one can't make
book into a motto. Asia, Africa and
score of tiny American republics
have seen the American marines land
In fghting array. The corps has been
In many palatial halls in its day since
II acted as its own reception commit
tee in the halls of the Montezumas
The distinctive thing about the Ma
rlne Corps is that il is always on a
war basis, always prepared. II har-
monizes with the definition made by
Gen. Washington. when. after the dis
astrous battle Of Camden, the general
wrote to the president of Congress-
What We need is a good army, not a
large one"
At present the Marine Corps consists
of 343 officers and 10000 men, armed,
uniformed and equipped like soldiers
rather than sailors. insignia only
marking the outward appearance. But
it is trained TO fight aboard ship or
ashore equally well. On a vessel Of
war marines work side by side with
the sailors in every activity save only
the engine and boiler departments.
Once used ashore only as infantry. In
Evening star., 1915-06-20

nm q DETACHMENT of marines
CO IN was landed"
~ That is the phrase that
Evening star., 1915-06-20

~ ROSPECT ROCK is rugged,
H. ~ rude-b built tower on the Virgin
ia side of the Potomac river be-
& tween Washington and Great
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1915-05-14
SPEED BARN STARTED

Work was started this week on
the foundations for the speed barn
to be erected on the fair grounds
This building, the dimensions of
which are 40X100, and which will
contain twenty stalls with a drive
way in the center, is expected to
cost about 5000 Carpenters will
commence work on the barn next
week. The erection of this barn is
expected to bring quite a number of
horses here for training this year.
The work of regarding the grounds
to some extent and seeding it to
grass has been completed The fair
grounds will be in fine shape this
year.
Following the completion of the
speed barn, a large exhibit building
is to be erected.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1915-05-14
ADDITIONAL LOCAL NEWS

c. G. Kile returned today from
Dubuque, Iowa, and expects to re.
main here for some time.
Mrs A. " Wallace returned to her
home at Neillsville Wednesday, af-
ter weeks visit at the homes of
Mr.. and Mrs. G. A. Winters and
Mr.. and Mrs. L. J. Winters.
French e Kilgore are plating a
subdivision located Immediately
south of the fair grounds and oppo-
site William Wright7s place, which
will be known as French's Sub-div-
ision Of the city of Ladysmith.
Winnifred Formella, aged four, died
at her home at Stevens Point Tues
day, and another little girl narrow
ly escaped death, as the result Of
eating wild parsnips, mistaking them
for carrots. Some boys had dug the
roots up while after angle-worms
and the little girls found them.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1915-05-14
sas4SssssssesssssAssssssss
: FARM BURROWS !
lsS1 sS1SSsSSSssSSSSs ) SSsSSs,

JOS Petrick, of Lacrosse, moved
his family to Rusk county last week,
occupying farm of a quarter of a
section, miles southeast Of Tony,
which Mr. Petrick purchased from
Mrs. Ann Schaeffer. Mr.. Petrck
was in Ladysmith last Friday af-
ternoon on business.
j. e. Berry, of Stevens Point,
who, with his wife, are now spend
ing few weeks on Mr. Berry's farm
near Conrath, the place formerly oc-
cupied by James Farley, was in the
city yesterday. Mr.. Berry is having
numerous improvements made around
his place, including the repainting of
the residence and the clearing Of ad-
ditional land. Mr. Berry is a pas
senger conductor on the Portage
branch of the 500 Line.