davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02
How Shrapnel Is Made


Shrapnel possesses greater man
killing power than any other kino
OF ammunition used in modern feld
artillery. and that If why more than
/ 900 900 month are being used oy
the European armies now In the
field. Thousands OF shops and FAC
.ories in this country and in Europe
are working night and day TO sup
ply this demand.
A superficial examination OF a
shrapnel shell discloses little TO In
dictate its destructive power-t Is
simply a small steel shell attached
To the end OF a brass case. but when
properly adjusted and fred from
modern field gun this steel she'll be
comes a veritable demon of destruc'
ton.
Within the brief period OF "a
seconds II has travelled over one
mile. and Il IA seconds later II IL
nearly 33.4 miles distance from the
gun. At any time during this rapid
flight II can be made 10 explode with
marvellous precision and deadly et-
fectiveness.
Each shell has a time fuse that Is
made with the accuracy OF a watcn.
This fuse is graduated in seconds
and Is set TO explode al a given
range as determined by the pano-
rauic sight or other form OF range
finder.
IA soon as the gun is fred, the fuse
is ignited. automatically. and when
the explosion occurs in the base OF
the shell itself the forward END IS
blown out and a shower OF lead bul-
let's hurled forward in cone-like for
nation. the shell acting as an aerial
gun.
The velocity OF these bullets ex-
ceeds the velocity OF the shell al
the time Of the explosion by from
$50 10 300 feet per second and they
cover a zone about 30 yards wide
and $50 yards long.
The first shrapnel shell Invented
In 1884 by Lieutenant ShrapneD was
merely a castiron ball filled with
bullets and powder. which was ex'
ploded by crude fuse screwed into
the shell Modern shrapnel is SINH
lar In principle 10 It's early prede-
cessor. but IL a marvel OF mechanical
ingenuity
a complete shrapnel comprises
brass case containing a heavy charge
OF smokeless powder for propelling
the projectIle. a hollow steel shell
containing large number OF lead
bullets and bursting charge, and
the combination time and percussion
fuse which forms the point OF the
shen.
The sudden motion OF the shell al
the time OF firing causes small
plunger in the end OF the fuse to fly
back and strike cap which lgnites
the fuse. This fuse is composed OF
a slow. burning composition that is
pressed into annular grooves. One
OF these grooves IL In a stationary
ring and the other In a graduated
movable ring.
BY turning the graduated ring. the
length OF this fuse Is varied so that
the shell may be exploded at any
time within period OF about q
seconds. During this brief period
three.lnch American shrapnel will
travel about $500 yards. or nearly
3 "a miles.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02
BITS OF INFORMATION

There were only 1854 days in the year 1851.
Some Japanese spiders make webs so strong
{ requires knife 10 cut them.
There's no capital punishment in Italy.
san Francisco exposition has 10000 exhibit
ors in charge OF 100000 exhibits.
PSYCHOLOGISTS recently found under the
niger nails OF men. women and children
css than thirteen kinds of disease germs,
Miss Fay Clark a University of Oregon girl.
superintendent OF schools in Washington
.ounty OF $3.50 square miles, in which only fif
cen OF sixty-two schools can be reached by
abroad
China employs nearly 1000 experts from Eur
pc and America TO run her railways post
,ffices etc There are l,l05 British and ia
americans on the Job. many or the latter In
most important offices.
twenty-five thousand gals. in and out every
iour" read the sign on swimming pool OF
which the Argonaut tells. That's all non
,ense." said the simpe-mlnded person, there
amt that many women In the whole county"
Fur seal pups are born about the first OF
August every year ana government olI ,.
,ur Prblof islands. Last year there were ~,
80 pups there out OF an entire herd OF $685.
800 seals.
There are nearly 800 mosques In CONSTANT
,ople one OF the most magnificent OF which
the mosque of Sultan Ahmed J. In the Hippo
drome distinguished without by Its six minarets
and within by the four gigantic columns thirty
six yards round.
A now use has been found for the humble
corncob This time Kansas farmer Is obtain
ing wonderful results by burying them In the
srount beside his muskmelon patch. The
cobs retain moisture for the melons when every
thing else t. dry as bone.
A new Photographic process makes possible
tho reproduction OF an unlimited number OF
nrints in the real colors Of the original sub
iect Frederick Eugene Ives. inventor Of the
balf tone. ard the tnree-coor halftone process.
has also discovered the more perfect photo
graphic process.
Nearly forty electric towing locomotives as
ala, vessels through the locks Of the Panama
anal The tracks or which thesc locomotives
rin gre built near the wall on either side OF the
canal when vessel must be taken through.
four locomotives. two on either side. are re-
auired for the work.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02
From Another Point of VielD
sY c. T. 8.

c. r 81 notice that once in a while in
Another Point OF View" you introduce fashion
iote. Can you tell me how | should wear my
lair this winter. PHYLLIS.
We suggest, Phyllis, to guard against
citing a cold in your head, that you
YEAR it AS much as possible.
fpon the dock they found his coat,
md in his pockets found a note,
led plunged into the current, to
the very depth and swift of it;
20 one could read or understand,
e wrote Peoples Column hand,
he harbormaster later, though,
rowed out and got the drift of it.
It's a wise man in business who APP
rebates that he is the machines car
Duretor; that is TO say a good mixer.
A soldier with the Allies writes De-
roit friend Il am anxious for news.
'apers or cigarettes would be gladly re-
eived." Suggesting that he has the B.
}. or the d. NJ.
What would happen this winter if one
& the society women should wear one of
hose Russian coats to a German?
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02

Most fuses are SO arranged tina
the shell will be exploded by con
cussiOn II II strikes before the rim
OF powder burns around 10 the 81
ploding charge This is effected bl
secondary plunger In the fuse heaC
which flies forward when the shcl
strikes ard fires the bursting oharg,
sim ultaneously
Shells Of the three-inch size cou
tain from 2l0 TO 800 lead bullc;
about one-half inch In diameter
which are embedded in a resinuu
mixture. This matrix, as II IL Gale
serves two purposes II holds tn.
bullets In position and also acts q
tracer to indicate by cloud
smoke the point at which the she.
eyplodes.
This smoke cloud Is important. e
pecially at long ranges and whe
adverse atmospheric conditions .,
list.
The interesting phases of shrapnc
manufacture are the formation o.
the brass case, the forging Of w
steel shell and the finishing Of ~
various shell and fuse parts 20 ~
degree OF accuracy required.
The production OF brass cas-.
HIP inches long, 3 3-s inches dis
meter (the British lspounder) r.
quires II different operations. II
formed from fat circular blani
IA inches diameter and 3-s incl
thick.
AS these brass cases. as we'll "A
those for other kinds Of ammunition
contain about SIS per cent OF copper
the importance OF this metal In moo
ern warfare is apparent. This eX
plains why the cost Of copper has IN
creased over 200 per cent In Ger
many since the beginning OF thu
war.
The steel shell or projectile 10
forged TO approximately the required
shape. either in a powerful hydrauli'
press. a power forging machine OF
an ordinary power press such a. Is
used In sheet metal work. The
presses used for forming these hol
low steel shells from a solid billie
are capable OF exerting a pressure o.
several hundred tons.
With these modern processes o'
forging. shells are produced yer,
rapidly. The output OF one forgina
equipment OF three presses may vary
from 400 TO 900 shells a day. the
number depending upon. the kind o.
presses used and the exact process
employed.
The nnai step IN shrapnel manu-
facture Is that OF assembling the
different parts. charge OF black
powder ls placed in the bottom o
the steel shell; over this charge Is
a steel disk or diaphragm and ther
the remainder Of the space is illec
with lead bullets and the smoke-pro
duclng matrix.
The time fuse Is screwed in place
at the forward end and covered witt
r sof, metal ease TO protect me diff
ferent parts. This outer case Is re
moved just before using the shrap
mel.
The total length OF n threelnci
shrapnel varies from about 20 to q
inches. Much larger shells ar,
made. but the threeinch size ha,
iproved very effective.-MachInery.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02

Smallpox. due
TO careful control
and perststen,
vaccination. 10 no
longer the same
serious DISEASE
that II was wears
ago That U.s. ~
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02

him. how much We feel ourselves in
debted to him and how much we love
him.
Let those who are to follow along
know that the University of Michigan,
ranking first among the country's great
educational institutions, is James b.
Angeles footstep on the sands of time
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02

no Longer Is fatal va large numbers
Of Cases
Smallpox, Ike most other com.
municabl' dlsease. Is 9Th bora.
This means that Tho disease il most
likely 10 originate in homes that are
Ozark or unclean or poorly ventilated.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02
HIIMOR ON THE LINKS.

Fore e" shouted the golfer. ready to play
But the woman on the course paid no atten.
ton.
Fore" ne repeated with not a biz more
effect than tho first time.
Try her with Three ninety eight suggest.
ed his partner "She may be one OF those bar.
gain counter fiends Boston Transcript
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02

Three specimens OF the iongtaed Japanese
fowl have been procured by the American Mu.
scum OF Natural History of New York. One has
a tail IA feet long Tail feathers Of great length
are common among these birds. the longest
feather recorded being % feet and two inches
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02
bud Think Gillespie Would
Have Used the Soft Pedal

1knlice Commissioner Gillespie an
trnces that he has decided to cut the
nnber of scarlet houses in Detroit down
nifty and let them run.
|U he. is going to try regulation all
IN the list we will watch with interest
Epee how many murders, how many
g1aries, how many holdups and how
~ bank robberies he proposes to toll
here are a lot Of good people in
xoit who believe that the houses
Md be put out of business and the
ZEN sent away from town, but the
man who ought to be the most inter-
III Is Police Commissioner Gillespie.
SII1 il responsible for crime in Detroit
~ for Detroit's moral well-being, and
1T answer to the people if crime in
DGoes in Detroit as a result of his
puncement of surrender to the under
3l.
pinion will always be divided as to
1lher it is possible for a city to rid
"a Of its houses of prostitution and its
otitutes.
~ commissioner has decided for
dlvision which holds the houses are
oesary evil and which is in favor of
VACATION and supervision rather than
"a
NE theory of this division is that
o5es like the one started in Detroit
n only to scatter vice and make your
peighbor. uncertain.
~ difference of opinion is neither
mr. there, however, except that the
uo commissioner of Detroit has gone
much trouble to announce that he has
Sndered to the view of the liberal
nent to which view it clings for the
= of GOOD excuse for liberation of
1Ile9al and unholy traffic.
\ ~ we have said, it is the commission
business.
kge are going to give him credit for
NY having tried to solve the problem.
: ge are going to give him credit for
estly believing he is adopting the
per course.
ESVe take exception only to the way he
20 gone about it.
Why, II he finds he cannot handle the
orworld, does he announce it to the
~ United States?
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02
The Keep Well Column
SMALLPOX.

The fa'l end winter months usual.
ly being increased numbers Of small
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1915-10-02

Is>A-AY GRoGAN." said Casey. whats Injunction?
- injunction" repeated Grogan, lis law suit Il
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-02-03
&71 ''ES3'I'

ADELPHI-"The Third Party" with Taylor
Holmes and Walter Jones. A boisterous
farce of tie familiar triangular variety with
a patent chaperon. Violent but anus
ing $40
BRoAD-'The Phantom Rival" with Loo
Ditrlchstein and Laura Hope Crews, David
Dclasco' 81 productlOn OF Ferenc Molnar's com
edy OF a wife who dreams Of the return OF
esting men, and then finds, the reality pro-
sale. Thoroughly entertaining $500. S:I5
FORREST Tho Girl from Utah. with
Julia SHnderson, Donald Brian and Joseph
Cawthorn. Paul Rubep's English musical
comedy OF Mormons, old aud young, In Lon
ion. Book and music OF uneven value. some-
times very good. Indeed. Performance ex-
cellent S:l5
GARRICK-"The High Cost OF Loving with
Lew Fields, the German comedian. In a
straight farce. which deals with sundry
niddel-aged gentlemen who find themselves
a past" which never existed. First act du-
KEITH'S - Blanche Walsh in THE Woman
in the Case the Florentine Singers and
a good 200 and ZOO
LYRIC-"Grumpy," with Cyril. Maude, the
best Of English comedians, in a detective
play OF suspense and amusement. which mar
rates the exploits at 50 OF an old criminal
lawyer. An amusing and epgrossing play.
~vitRllzed by a singularly skilful piece OF
representation S:15
WALNUT-"Damaged Goods" with same cast
that acted. BrieuN's powerful drama here
earlier this
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-02-03
SUFFRAGE MEETING PLANNED
Varied Program Arranged by Equal
Franchise League.

A varied program of meetings Is planned
by prominent %sunragists in this city for
the Chestnut Hill branch of the Equal
Franchise Society. The scope OF these
runs the gamut from street to patlor, with
intermediate assemblings in halls and
clubs. etc. The plan Is TO educate the
people up to equal suffrage as well as
swell the list of the branch's membership
and replenish the soclety's treasury. Mrs.
F. M. Shepard Is chairman OF the branch.
and the appointer of the committees. q
Now that the seasons house cleaning
day is fast approaching housewives are
urged to rummage through their attics.
closets and cellars and donate all castoffs,
etc, to the sale, which Is plan
ned for the near future. Mrs. Henry v,
Doane and Mrs. Franklin Spencer Ed
monds are in charge of this sale. They
are working hard to swell the pile for
vending in order that a round sum may
be raised for the educational work.
In charge of the various committees are
Miss Charlotte lie Roy, for church meet
ings, Mrs. j. A. Rulon, Mrs. Beatrice
Forbes Robertson Hale. Pelham meetings;
Mrs. j. w. Glassey, and Mrs. Frank Miles
Day, for those to be held in parlors of
prospective adherents to the "cause";
Miss Charlotte lie Roy, Mrs. j. A. Rulon,'
Mrs. Francis Noble, for those in the main
streets; Mrs. Stephen Decatur Lodge.
Mrs. q. F.. S%tradling and Mrs. Frank
Robinson, for demonstrations; Mrs. f. NJ.
Shepard. Miss Florence Sanville will work
for new members.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-02-03
SPORT FOR THE "NEWsIES"
Evening Ledger Boys to Enjoy Box
ing Bouts and "Movies."

"Slugger'' Smith. '"rhe River Rat" THE
Kenslngton Avenue Terror" "The schuyI-
kill s~ockdolager'' and many other very
lightwelghts will slam each other about
the ring TO the shouts of 400 EVENING
LEDGER newsboys at a free moving pic
ture show and boxing exhibition at the
People'sl Theatre. Kensington avenue and
Cumberland street. tonight.
Six three-round bouts between Kensing-
ton newsboys and "battlers" from other
sections OF the city have been staged for
the entertainment of the EVENING
hHDaEB's ''neWsies' in the northeast.
Duke Bowers and Fatty" o'Nelll, real
opponents OF the padded fist, will handle
the sponge and towel. Lieutenant Schultz
and House Sergeants Seip and Murdoch.
of the Trenton avenue and Dauphin street
police station. win be on hand. A nine
reel film, preceding the ''mill' has been
provided by Manager ''Billy" Williams,
Of the theatre.
The BOYS will form at Kensington and
Lehigh avenues at s o'clock under John
@. Smith, northeast branch manager, for
a parade on Kensington avenu to Front
street and thence to the theatre for the
second show. They win be headed by
the Aaullla Fife n Drum Corps. under
William Afccarty.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-02-03
HIGH COST OF "BARBERING9
MAY HIT you, Mr.. CUSTOMER
shsvss at 10 Cents and Haircuts at
% Tang in Balance.

shsves at 1B Cents and Haircuts at
25 Hang in Balance.
A shave may cost YOU fifteen cents. a haircut
The BARRIERS ssy they need the rise IL they're
But n the BARRIERS do this and their patrons
arc annoyed.
The BARRIERS soon may be recruits in ranks Of
unemployed.
The Master BARRIERS Association has
put out a tentative hand for more emolu-
ment; II has hesitated and, for the pres
ent, at least, II has lost. II has drawn
bach the hand empty IN so far as an
increase Of the price of shaves and half
cuts, respectively. to is and % cents Is
concerned, but none may tell what Is
to be done in the future.
The wolf. It seems, has been showing
contempt. for the BARRIERS along will per
sons In many another line OF trade, this
attitude having been bred, in accordance
with the time-honored saying, by famil-
iarity. So Frank NJ. Kohr, editor of the
National League Barber, suggested at a
meeting OF the association held last night
at iit7 Columbia avenue, that prices be
raised. The idea wa that this would
brighten the wolf. who has n well-known
aversion to money.
Max Sherman, president of the West
Philadelphia Chapter, also advocated the
Increase. He and Kohr said supplies and
fixtures had increased; but. in spite of
their oratory, no action was taken. Three
hundred applications for membership in
the organization were received.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-02-03
MAYOR TO BE CHAIRMAN
Chosen to Preside Over "World's
Greatest Workshop" Dinner. j 4.

Greatest Workshop Dinner. j a.
Mayor Blankenburg has been chosen to
serve as honorary chairman at the
Worlds Greatest Workshop dinner in
the Manufacturers Club next Tuesday
evening, when 800 OF this city's biggest
business and commercial figures will meet
to launch the greatest trade development
campaign Philadelphia has ever known.
At the final meeting, of the committee
In charge OF the dinner yesterday in the
Bourse 1t was decided to dispense with
the proverblal POSTMASTER and. to select
an honorary chairman in his place. AS
each of the speeches at the dinner are to
be limited to five minutes, an official
tImekeeper was also chosen. whose duty
It will be to tell zach speaker when he
has consumed the time allotted to him.
Ernest T. Trigg, chairman of the COM
mittee, announced today that surprises
will be In store for all who attend, As
the entire idea is an innovation, he said,
there will be some innovations at the din
ner. After opening this mornings mail
the committee found that more than 800
acceptances had been received.
All the final details for the campaign
which will herald Philadelphia's indus
trial pre-eminence around the world
were completed at the meeting of the
committee yesterday. The plans. of the
leaders will not be made public, however,
the night OF the Inner.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-02-03
IS AT THE PtOTOPLKY
gN HOUSES

release pictures in which she appears
las well as THE Eternal city,
through big city theatres at a mini
mum admission price OF rs cents,
ranging UP TO so cents.
Paramount Pictures Corporation,
however, has arranged to secure these
pictures for Paramount Program las
we'll as "The Eternal City'D after they
have played In the largest cities, so
that our exhibitors will not be deprived
OF the Mary Pickford pictures, and,
beside. the pictures will come to them
with a much greater drawing power
than " released originally through
Paramount Program.
Selzniok's Profit-sharing Winners
Richard Fox. OF the Chicago branch of
the World Film Corporation; j. Walter
Lamb and Jerome sobel, both Of the New
York branch, are the first prize winners
to win statesmen bonuses under the SELF
nick proht-sharing plan that Is In active
operation with the employees OF the World
Film Corporation.
Mr.. Fox won the first prize Of 500; Mr..
Lamb obtained the second prize, tbO'
and Mr., Sobel's prize Is SOS. These prizes
were awarded the three winners because
they obtained the greatest amount OF
business based on gross cash collections
at the lowest expense during the first four
weeks Of the pro1t-shRring plans opera
tion. The period started November ~
and ended December 20.
The Human Equation
In the production Of THE Avenger" at
the studio Of the Lubin Western Company
at Los Angeles, California. Miss Velma
Whitman, playing the part OF Lukora,
the Hindu priestess, for once showed her
natural rather than her professional in
%clinatlon when, as the priestess. she goes
forth into the forest to secure wood for
the sacred sacrihcial fire and is con-
fronted by a huge snake crawling toward
her.
Now Miss whitman has never made any
claim to being a snake charmer and al
though her bew!tchlng powers are strong
she prefers not to extend their influence
to snakes. In the big Hindu production,
however. she was supposed to merely
look at the snake and the latter's role
was to be completely hynotized. When
the snake started crawling toward the
priestess, Miss Whitman found her nat
ural desire for self preservation 80 much
stronger than her professional duty that
she Immediately took to flight and never
stopped until she was safely locked in
her dressing room.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-02-03
Controlling New York's
Critics

york has Just INDUCED in another
ssot over dramatic critics. theatrical
..osrers and newspaper owners. The
IN Of Manhattan are not only ex-
Ia 10 guide themselves by dramatic
.,teIsm Inferior on the average to that
. Il. tsst OF the country. 1t Is there at
,beatrleai centre OF the county that
, yeviewers are most venally controlled
/. .te influence OF the theatrical adver-
5sers. .
cbicaro has had It's one striking case Of
La pelamaters who was busted from his
Eork on the Inter Ocean because his hos
Inv 10 certain musical shows d%ispleased
4. largest producer OF the most elabor-
|,e speclmens. But Chloago's is a poor
hard beside New York's. Ten years
hack there was the case of Norman Hap
ood. on the Commercial Advertiser. Then
kne the spectacular affair OF Walter
,rohardi Eaton and the Sun. Beside It,
~ dIscharge of William Winter from
IN Tribune seemed n commonplace oc-
h,grence. While a number OF lesser cases
W. inen have hardly caused n ripple.
NOW. however, come two new affairs In
IN week. One OF them is rather novel.
4 deals with the announcement of the
kearst papers that they will conslgn to
IN waste basket any communications