davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Dominion of Canada.

Canadians are accustomed to take
expression of the Dominion of Cana
da for granted, but the origin Of that
somewhat unusual term is known to
very few. When the great scheme of
Sir John Macdonald was finally real
lied and the nine provinces grouped
themselves together into one great con-
federation Il serious difficulty was pre-
sented by the choice of Il suitable
name. For a time almost a deadlock
ensued. At length one old member of
parliament rose from his seat and told
his colleagues that he had read in his
Bible that very morning the words,
''His dominion shall be from the one
sea to the other" Accordingly he sug-
gested that Canada should be known
as the Dominion, or Goes Land. The
suggestion seized upon tie hearts and
imaginations Of those present, and it
was promptly acted upon. - Toronto
Globe.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Sickness In Metals,

Metals, like human beings, suffer a
condition which may be termed dis
ease" Morbid changes, so to speak,
occur in the pieces of metal once in
awhile, and frequently these conditions
are beyond control. Scientists are at q
loss to explain exactly what it is that
causes a perfectly sound appearing
piece of metal to change it's structural
strength when not under apparent
pressure or action of either mechanical,
physical or chemical character. Def
ciencies in metal are often overcome
by getting a happy medium between
sufficient pressure TO cause the metal
to flow uniformly and a pressure not
so great that it will cause complete
rupture. But these are mechanical
changes. The other changes might be
called pathological. The illness of
piece of metal often continues progress
sively and ends seriously.-New York
World.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Military Retreats.

Once at an evening reception in Der.
lin some one drew the attention of
Moltke to a magazine writer who had
compared him, after the manner of
Plutarch, to all the worlds greatest
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES, Caesar, Han
nibal, Turenne, Marlborough, Freder-
lex, Napoleon, etc. NO" said the
great battle thinker" 81 have no right
to be compared to such great COM
manders, for l have never in all my
life had to conduct retreat"-at once
the most honorable and difficult opera
ton of war, as the Duke of Wellington
himself well knew. The hero of hun
dred fights who never lost an English
gun, the duke nevertheless knew-none
better-what is was to conduct a re-
treat from Burgos and other places
and even to withdraw behind the lines
of Torres Vedras till his opportunity
again came for making another thrust.
London Illustrated News.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Paintings That Last.

One Of the great problems that pre-
sents itself to the modern painter is to
keep his canvas from cracking when 1t
ages. Many of the most priced Of the
old masterpieces have been marred be-
cause their creators did not understand
the art of insuring them against time
and weathering. A careful investiga-
ton of those that have come down in
tact shows that in some cases the
sheet of paint is remarkably thin, so
thin, indeed, that the texture Of the
canvas can be clearly seen through the
face of the picture. Further expert
menting shows that the life of q pic
ture is inversely proportional to the
thickness of its color layers. Canvas
contracts with moisture and cold, and
paint generally is affected in the same
way. If the paint layer is too thick it
gives way, and the cracking is the re-
suit. All of the old paintings that have
come to US uncracked are painted very
thin. This was the method of such
early masters as Van Dyck, Raphael
and his pupils.-Atlanta Constitution.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Heart Instead of Fist.

Praise boy for his good deeds rath.
er than spank him for his bad ones
Many a parent has tried it, with sue.
cessful results, as well as pleasant
ones for the boy.
Hardheaded business has made q
similar discovery. A Pennsylvania
railroad superintendent found that
posting in public places the faults of
his employees failed to reduce the
number of delinquencies.
''PI try new game" he said. 1.-The
failures shall keep to myself, but the
particularly good bits of work done by
the men l shall paste upon bulletin
board where all may read"
And the result of this scheme of
heart instead Of fist? A quick drop of
two-thirds in the number of men who
required discipline. That was pure
gain, and big one, for the railroad,
but the men proited even more. There
was a decrease of more than 20 per
cent in loss Of wages through suspen-
sions.-Philadelphia Ledger.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Mouths on the Bias,

"Of course it's nice to have a beau
tiful voice, but I'm glad 1 don't sing"
said pretty woman as she applauded
after the soprano solo at a Broadway
restaurant. Yes, I'm fond of music,
but that is sufficient. If / could be
tempted to sing, what would happen
to my good looks? 1 think it is not
silly for a woman to wish to look we'll
all the time. A woman never looks
pretty or beautiful when she sings.
She invariably twists her mouth to one
side and makes her face appear crook
ed. have keenly observed the last
ten singers ! have heard, and every
one of them opened her mouth on n
bias. 1 haven't the slightest idea why
they do it unless the muscles of one
side of the face are stronger than the
other. There is something disturbing
about a pretty woman deliberately
making herself a fright by stretching
her mouth in Song."-New York Letter
in Pittsburgh Dispatch.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The Difference.

He loved his fellow men with a
deep, abiding, self sacrificing affec-
ton and wore of his excess adipos-
ity, ruined his eyesight and at last
caused himself to be inserted into an
untimely grave by digging deeply into
the why's and wherefOres of life, seek
ing ways and means whereby he might
make those around him better and hap
pier, and everybody called him Old
What's -his-name, laughed merrily at
his quaint, absentminded eccentricities
and rudely opined that his intellectual
belfry was infected with bats almost
as large as cOndOrs, the while they re-
spectfully designated as professor a
low browed, wedge shaped man who
made a business of smiling Indifferent
ly while a fifty pound rock was smash
ed on his constitution with q sledge
hammer Thus runneth the average
mind, my children.-Pittsburgh Press.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Benefits of Watar.

In the New York Medical Record DR..
s. A Knopf Of New York advocates q
liberal use Of water in the prevention
and cure Of tuberculosis. He advances
a plea for public baths for old and
young ard also for swimming pools in
connection with the schools. He holds
that a glass Of clear, cool water taken
half an hour before meals is the best
appetizer and stimulant for the gastric
secretions and that this is a gospel to
be spread and practiced a little more
freely by the medical profession. He
says: 'The money a municipality In
vests in public baths, floating baths,
seaside baths and swimming pools will
give splendid returns in the saving Of
lives, directly and indirectly-indirect-
", by making people clean physically
and morally, by preventing disease
through the cultivation Of cleanliness
and by making the people more yigor-
Gus and thus resistant to the invasion
Of disease; directly, by teaching every
future citizen, man or woman, how to
swim and to save his life in the event
of accident"
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
How Pausanius Died.

Pausanius, the Greek general, died
by self administered poison. When
hotly pursued by those sent to appre-
bend him on a charge Of treason and
sacrilege he took refuge in the sane
tuary of temple. Unable to remove
him by force and also unwilling to vio-
late the sanctuary, the officers walled
up the entrance and began to unroof
the building. When he could be seen
they noticed that he was chewing
something which proved to be a quill
filed with poison. By the time the
work had sufficiently advanced to ad-
NIT of their entrance he was in a dy-
ing condition.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The River Through Paris.

Small two decked steamers ply on
the Seine as it twists its way through
Paris. You can catch one every fifteen
minutes, and it costs sous e cents)
to go from one end of the city to the
other, a distance Of perhaps eight
miles, and then once outside the city
walls you pay 2 sous more. The
Seine river Is narrow, dull green and
slow moving; not majestic at all, but
made picturesque by the life that is
upon it. In Paris it is commerce and
artistic beauty combined that border
its banks. Within the boats that are
moored to its palings are so many diff
ferent kinds Of existence-baths, hos
pitfalls, washhouses, homes, restau-
rants and lodgings. People live half
above, half under the water, and In
some places on the Seine for long dis
tances these boats are moored four
abreast and following In line like SOL
diers on march. These are the --LATEST
of boats. When they come up the riv-
er freighted their tops are just at the
waters edge. The Seine seldom rises
or falls very much, as it is held in its
banks by concrete walls.-Cleveland
Plain Dealer.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
PAGE THREl
Napoleon Had Nine Lives.

The surrender Of Napoleon to the
captain Of the Bellerophon, when that
event became known in England, was
discredited by many, for at least eight
times previously he had been reported
dead The list of his deaths published
in a contemporary journal is interest
ing. He lost the first Of his nine lives
In a battle on the Dnieper, where he
received five mortal wounds, and ex-
pired as he gave his sword to Prince
Kutusoff." Later he was twice drown
ed, once while crossing the Mosqua"
and again in Moscow, where he lost
his way and fell into a reservoir"
During the retreat from Moscow he
was suffocated in his tent and a few
days later buried 5000 fathoms deep
in a fall Of snow. Finally he reached
Paris, where his exasperated subjects
immediately lynched him. These were
some of the many fables concerning
Napoleon which found their way into
the newspapers a century ago.-West-
minister Gazette.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The "BasinD of an Apple.

One end Of the apple bears the name
Of "basin" and contains the remnants
Of the blossom, sometimes called the
eye of the fruit. This part of the ap-
pie is deep in some varieties and shall
low and open in others. This is the
weakest point in the whole apple as
concerns the question of the keeping
quality Of the fruit. If the basin is
shallow and the canal to the core firm
ly closed there is much less likelihood
Of the fruit decaying than when it Is
deep, and the evident opening connects
the center Of the fruit with the sur
face.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
SimnIe Air Pressure Test.

Any one can demonstrate the pres
sure of the atmosphere by the simple
experiment which follows: On the fat
of an iron lay thin sheet of rubber
part of an old tobacco pouch will do.
Place Il small, thin lid containing
some wadding soaked in spirits of
wine on the rubber and ignite the spir'
its. Then press a wineglass down
tightly over the flame. When the
fame dies out it will be found that the
two articles are firmly united and may
be suspended by a wire, and some
time will elapse before they separate.
The explanation is that the flame con-
sumes the oxygen in the glass and
lowers the pressure when the greater
pressure of the atmosphere squeezes
the articles together.-Exchange.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Ths-Law of Hab..s Corpus:

me Law OF napeaS corpus
The enactment of the law of habeas
corpus marks an important epoch In
the progress of civil liberty in England
and Is regarded as one Of the great
achievements of Charles Ills reign.
Charles himself did not want the law,
but just at the time he was very anx-
ious to curry favor with the people and
was afraid to oppose so popular a
measure. The friends and foes of the
act were pretty evenly divided in par
lament, but In the final vote it was
carried. The manner Of its passage,
however, was both comical. and illegal.
While the voting was going on a very
fat lord arose and asked that his vote
be recorded in the affirmative. In a
spirit Of fun the clerk announced ten
votes for him to accord with his great
size. They were so recorded, and for
some unexplained reason the "error"
was never corrected. The strangest
part of it is the majority for the meas
ure was less than ten; hence it would
have failed Of passage without the fat
lords extra votes.-Argonaut.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
They Never Sea White Men.

Both explorer and hunter, it seems,
have overlooked a wonderfully prom
Using spot in BOrneo. Practically the
whole of the island is an unknown
jungle and game Of all kinds, both big
and little, abounds on every hand.
Twenty miles inland from Sandakan,
the largest coast settlement, are ma
tives who have never seen a white
man. They live, as did their forbears,
by the spear and the blowpipe. Ele-
plant, rhinOceros, wild boar, buffalo,
bear, panther, tiger, iguana, anteater,
sloth and armadillo are plentiful. Few
whites are resident on the island.-De-
troit Free Press.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Garlic.

Garlic is one of the most wholesome
herbs that can be eaten.
1t stimulates all secretions, and its
effect is strong upon the liver and kid
neys.
A teaspoonful of garlic juice and sug-
ar will generally ward off an oncoming
cold.
Garlic eaters have good skins, for
garlic is excellent in treating eruptions
Of all sorts.
Those races that use much garlic in
their food are those that are least sus-
ceptible to tuberculosis. Many doctors
in Europe treat tuberculosis with gar
lie, giving it internally in the form of a
strip, externally in the form of poul-
tees or making their patients inhale
an infusion.
The essential principle of garlic, that
which acts upon the system, is allyl
sulphide. This also causes the charac-
teristic and to many persons disagree
able smell.-New York World.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Elizabethan Dyes.

So far back as the days of Elizabeth
concerted measures were taken to i'm
prove the dyes employed in England.
In 1859 dyer named Morgan Hubble
thOrne was sent to Persia, ito the end
that the arte of dyeing may be brought
into the realme in the greatest excel
lency, for thereof will follow honour
to the realme and great and ample
vent of our Clothes" He was instruct
ed to have knowledge of all the ma
terials that may be used in dyeing, be
they hearbS, weeds, barks, gummes,
earths or what els soever. = =" If any
dyer of China be found in Persia, ac-
quainte yourself with him and learne
what you may of him. Set downe in
writing whatsoever you shall learne
from day to day, lest you forget or lest
God should call you; that come life or
death, your country may enjoy the
thing that you so for."-LOndOn Mir
TOR
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Nails.

Arf y t. & Com,qcn article of manu-
facture which is turned out By thou
sands everv hour in the factory and is
alwayk abseIt in every household
when IT IS III st needed. Every house
is full of rails. The walls bristle with
them. The floors and ceilings are full
Of them. But if you need one to drive
into a wall or to help dispatch box
going by express you might as well
look for IL geld Nugget i'll an ash heap.
When b. sCEe miracle a nail permits
itself to be discovered it is always
crooked. The art of placing it on your
wife'S best mahogany table and
Strengthening it out with a poker in
place of The hammer you cannot locate
is an art yet II its infancy. Some CEN
turtles Eence it may reach develop
ment hitherto undreamed of.-Life.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Watch Your Step,

Science can tell what sort of a per.
son you are from your step. Physi.
clans diagnose locomotor ataxia, pare
sis, palsy, lumbago and other diseases
by the gait. One expert says:
watch the man who drags his feet
along as if it were an effort. He
would be the first into lifeboat from
a sinking ship because he has no heart.
The woman with the dragging feet is a
wilmer.
watch the woman who hurries
along as if she were anxious to part
company with the pavement. Her
steps are quick and snappy. She has
plenty OF vim.
when you see a woman planting
her feet firmly on the ground and
walking with free swing you may
be sure she is wholesome, to be de-
pended upon and capable. She will be
your friend on rainy days just as much
as or more than when the sun shines"
philadelphia North American.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The Carding Bee.

The carding bee lives in holes among
stones and roots, making nests OF
moss lined with wax to keep the wet
out, with a long gallery to approach it
The bees find bit of moss, and sew
eral of them get in a row, with their
backs toward the nest. The foremost
bee then lays hold of the moss, pulls
it up with her jaws and drives it with
her forefeet under her body and as
far toward the next as possible, when
the next bee does the same thing. By
this means many tiny heaps Of pre-
pared moss are got to the nest, where
other bees weave 1t into the structure.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The Ovster'S Diet

Some interesting facts concerning the
diet of the oyster have been discov-
cred by The Investigations of the Eng
lish board of fisheries. The experts
have found, for instance, that the oys-
ter is an "eptionally dainty feeder,
living, almost exclusively on a vegeta-
bic diet. Seaweed and the minute pine
pollen Of rhe water are its staples. 1t
dimes, moreover, only between II
o'clock noon and . in the afternoon.
During those hours the oyster opens
his shell. permits the water to flow
through the feeding gill and expels it
The gill extracts the food desired
Philadelphia Record.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The First TeIeqraph Line.

After the formal opening of the first
telegraph line built for commercial
purposes between Washington and Bal,
timore Professor Morse and his asso-
ciates offered to sell the invention to the
United States government for 100000,
but the price WAS considered too high.
The government hau appropriated $780,
600 toward the construction of the
Observation-Disclosures line, but after q
short period of operation the postmas-
ter general, TO whom President Polk
had referred the matter. wrote, "Al.
though the invention is an agent vastly
superior to any other devised by the
genius of man, yet the operation be-
tween Washington and Baltimore has
not satisfied me that under any rate of
postage that can be adopted its reve-
nues can be made to cover its expendi-
lures"
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Proving the Proposition.

A young real estate man met an ac-
quaintance of his wife who was in the
lumber business Monday afternoon.
After greetings the real estater said
to the wood salesman, just to make
conversation, "Well, how's the lumber
business?"
81 done know. The fact is / resign
ed from my job Saturday."
as that so? Didn't you like the
work.
well, liked it pretty WELL"
WASN'T the salary big enough?
"Well, it was n pretty good salary.
But the boss insulted me-"
"HuhI How did he insult your?
"He said / was a fool"
"And you quit just for that? Didn't
get fired or requested to resign? The
boss called you fool and you up and
left good jobY'
"Yes."
''Well, by gosh, the boss was rightr'
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The InvincibIe Yaqui.

Against all assaults upon his strong
hold the Yaqui Indian of Mexico has
proved inviacible. For more than a
century relentless war has been waged
against lin 10y the EIeXicans, but they
have neither subdued him nor tanned
him, and as for conquering him, that,
it is generally admitted, will come only
with his determination. In the cam
paigns against him the Yaqui's most
effective weGJon is the poisoned ar
row. His boH' is made of black palm
wood, and the arrows are long. sharp
and so poisoned as to cause certain but
not imlHe tliat2 death. Horrible suffer
ing follows Il scratch from the point,
the victim dying in from three to sew
Ell days. No antilote has been discov-
cred, although the YaquiS themselves
possess the secret of One.-Boston Her
aid. 4
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
A Reconstructed Man Costs $500.

With exhibitions and catalogues of
artificial limbs now brought to notice
one gets to calculating the cost Of a
reconstructed man. Seemingly little
more than 500 would suffice A pair
Of artificial legs costs about $50 and a
pair of arms about 500. Ears, with
drums. etc, cost $75 each; eyes $50 a
pair, a nd so on Without heart and
brain man is worth about $500
With 4 hem-the price might change
LondoI Chronicle.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The Mattress.

Some one has been hunting up the
history of the mattress. Its beginning
was the collection of rags, husks or
reeds which were bound together and
thrown anywhere to form a resting
place for the kinds and serfs Of the
rich. 1t is suggested that their names
Of shakedOwn and makeshift were de-
rived originally from the Arabic word
'matrah." In the middle ages feather
beds found favor with the wealthy
and the mattress was not used by
them. Inventories of estates owned
by the American colonists show that
mattresses were then worth $500 each,
being made of hair. In England mat
tresses of rabbits hair were once used,
and vegetable fibers Of various kinds
have served their turn.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
FestaI Gifts In Spain,

1t is the custom In Madrid for friends
and acquaintance to send presents of
bonbons on birthdays, name days and
festivals. A large silver tray is piled
with sweets Of various kinds, with a
cake made of eggs in the center. This
Is often surmounted with a silk flag
or a pretty porcelain figure. Well
known people receive as many as fifty
Of these trays on their birth and name
days.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The Sound of ShrapneI.

Have you ever heard shrapnel by any
chance? No? Well, it sounds as much
as anything else like a winter gale
bowling through the branches of pine
tree. 1t is a moan, a groan, Shrek
and a wall rolled into one, and when
the explosion comes it sounds as
though some one had touched off a
stick Of dynamite under a grand piano,
and it is not particularly cheering to
know that the ones you hear do not
harm you and that it is the ones you
do not have time to hear that send
you to the cemetery.-E. Alexander
Powell in Scribner's.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Emblems.

There Is no recognized emblem for
progress" although hand holding q
torch has sometimes been used as a
symbol for it. The early Christians
used a closed book as an emblem for
knowledge" and an open book for
perfect knowledge" The owl, the
bird Of Minerva, goddess Of wisdom,
was the symbol Of wisdom among the
Greeks. A perfect circle Is sometimes
used as a symbol for unity.-New York
Times.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The Modern Idea.

young people nowadays aren't sat
isfied to begin life as their parents
did"
Indeed not. My own daughter in
sists on having a living room three
feet longer than ours and a sleeping
porch, which We haven't got yet
Detroit Free Press.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
The acebark Tree

The Iacebark tree grows in the West
Indies. 1t is lofty tree, with oval,
smooth leaves and white flowers. 1t
is remarkable for the tenacity Of its
inner bark and the readiness with
which the inner bark may be separated
after maceration in water-into lay
ers resembling lace. A governor Of
Jamaica is said to have presented to
Charles II. a cravat. frill and ruffles
made of it.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Sick Eggs.

Examine an egg, a perfectly fresh
egg, and see how easily and quickly it
comes out Of its shell. Now, an egg
that does not come out of the shell
readily, that sticks together and the
yolk, when forced, breaks and rolls
around-that egg has had an attack Of
a disease similar to peritonitis. 1t Is
an infected egg. Conditions are pres
emit that show conclusively the pres
ence Of disease-Good Health.
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
ONLY Room, For One.

Lady-How could you be so foolish
as to put anything on that newly paint
ed table? Maid-But saw Mr.. Jones
lay several articles there. Lady
What Of that? If my husband makes
a jackass Of himself he has a right to,
but you haven't, you stupid creature!
The broad ax., 1915-09-25
Nothing to Be Said.

Judgf You admit, then, that you
stole Il be loaf of bread? Woman Pris-
oner-4es, your honor. Judge-What
have ybu to say for yourself? Woman
Nothing, your honor. If it was lace
or jewelry l might plead kleptomania,
but we can't try that when it's bread.
Chicago Herald.