davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-12-05

SCOTT KEY

scribes. The Fritchie house was razed
a few years after her death because IL
stood in the way of improving the
creek and the people of Frederick used
up the debris of the cottage for SOU
venirs. Canes and all sorts of trinkets
were made Of the wood, and the bricks
of the chimney were carried off and used
as paper weikhts, mantel ornaments and
the like.
There are people in Frederick who call
the episode a fable, but the Barbara
Fritchie Memorial Association of Fred
erick has erected handsome monument
at the grave of the old lady and on the
monument is a bronze tablet inscribed
with Whittier's poem. A Union flag il
kept flying at the monument by the as
sociation.
The Barbara Fritchie flag matter will
never be settled to the satisfaction OF
the controversialists. Some have said
the old lady waved the nag in welcome
20 incoming Union troops, as hundreds
of other Frederick women did, and that
she did not wave any flag while The
Confederates were leaving Jacksons
men passed along Mill alley. so called
from an old mill standing there which
bears the date on its walls of 1887. II Is
said that the Fritchie house stood 500
yards or Mill alley.
In 1874. Valerious Ebert Of Frederick,
a nephew of Barbara Fritchie, and who
had served as administrator of her hus-
bands estate. became involved in the
flag controversy which was raging even
then. He wrote a public letter from
which the Rambler makes the following
excerpt:
As TO the waving of the federal Tag In the
face OF rebels by Dame Barbara the occasion
OF Stonewall Jackson's march through Frederick.
truth requires me to say that Stonewall Jackson
with his troops did not pass Bargara Fritchies
residence at all. hut passed up what In this city
Is popularity called >'the Mill alley" about
three hundred yards above her residence. then
passed due west to Antietam and thus out Of the
city.
But another and a stranger fact with regard
10 this matter may be presented: the poem by
Whittier represents our venerable relative. then
ninety-six years old, nimbly ascending to her
attic window and waving her small federal Dag
definantly in the face OF Stonewan Jacksons
troops. Now. what are the facts at this point?
Dame Barbara was at the moment OF the pass
ing Of that distinguished general and his force
through Frederick bedridden and helpless and
had lost the power Of locomotion. She could
Mt this period only she was moved by
the help Of her attendants These are the true
and stern facts. proving that Whittier's poem
upon this subject is fiction. pure fiction. and
nothing else without the remotest semblancc
or resemblance Of fact
The friends of Whittier's poem and the
flag incident are numerous in Frederick,
and they have not been moved by the
arguments of those who speak of the
matter as "the Barbara Fritchie myth"
Evening star., 1915-12-05

and was prominent at the unveiling
and presentation of the tablet COM
memorating the colonial history of the
old city on the Potomac, on the occa-
sion of the last biennial conference Of
the society in Washington.
She was also local chairman OF tho
committee of Colonial Danes which
marked the Braddock trail This in
teresting memorial. which stands at
the intersection of Mount Vernon ave.
nue. and Braddock road, is none other
than the cannon which was left in
Alexandria by Braddock, and its
foundation is a solid base of cobble-
stones taken from the streets OF the
old town.
Miss Macdonald is also state presi-
dent Of the Women's Rivers and Harbors
Congress and president of the Anti
tuberculosis Society. as well as of the
Visiting Nurses Association of the city
of her residence. She is pronounced
believer in equal suffrage and takes an
active part in its work.
Upon her callers reference to her
many-sided activities, Miss Macdonald
replied: Soon after Mr.. Wilson be-
came President he made speech be-
fore prominent body of men. In that
speech he said: We are here to serve
1 have tried to make those words my
motto, and ! like to feel that l am
doing my part in the real work Of the
world"
Evening star., 1915-12-05
The Better Way.

CHARLES M. SCHWAB. congratu-
" lated in Pittsburgh on a large
war contract which he had just re-
ceived from one of the warning na-
tions, said:
Some people call it luck, but they
are mistaken. Whatever success I
have is due to hard work and not to
luck.
'I remember a New York business
man who crossed the ocean with me
one winter when the whole country
was suffering from hard times.
"And you, Mr.. Schwab.' the New
Yorker said. are. like the rest of us.
suppose, hoping for better things?
"No, my friend l replied. No. I am
not hoping for better things. I've got
my sleeves rolled up and I'm working
for Them"
Evening star., 1915-12-05

passage money. thousands of them on
arriving in America sold themselves
for term of years into that form of
slavery known as indentured service.
that their ship money might be paid.
Husbands, wives and children were
thus sold and families separated.
This was but the advance guard.
There are no Pennsylvania records of
the immigration and the immigrant
ships prior to 1927, but in 1717 the
Germans were coming in such num-
bers as to arouse fear in the officers
of the colony. 1t was called ian alien
deluge." James Logan. secretary of
the colony, wrote to John Penn as fol-
lows:
We have many thousands of foreigners, mostly
Palatines already in the country. Of whom near
hfteen hundred came in this last summer; many
Of them are a surly people. divers Papists among
them, and the men generally we'll armed We
have from the North of Ireland great numbers
yearly or ships this last fall discharged at
Newcastle. Both of these sorts sit frequently down
any spot Of vacant land they find without
asking questions, the last Paa tines say they
will be twice the number next year and the Irish
say the same Of their people.
DR.. Mead of the University of Penn
sylvania in his work, THE Pennsyl-
Evening star., 1915-12-05
All Talk.

HAMES CoUZENS said recently In
~ Chicago:
There is a great deal Of talk to be
heard on all sides just now about war
and peace. Some Of the war discus
sions have heard remind me Of the
Irish NJ. p, who, an ardent advocate Of
free trade, was intensely bitter against
those who did not hold his views.
Addressing a big audience on the
subject of free trade this gentleman.
his clenched fists raised aloft, shouted:
"I will shed the very last drop of
my blood in defense Of free trade. ~ I
did over thirty years ago in defense of
the Irish Church,"
Evening star., 1915-12-05
Alive With Them.

G GIR SHANUS O'BRIEN said at Clan
~ na-Gael banquet in Chicago:
John Redmond has told us how nearly
half a million Irishmen are fighting for
Britain.
II met one of this half million on a
crutch in London. He described a glori-
GUS charge his regiment had made. l then
asked him:
And did you find many dead Ger
mans in the trench you captured. Nike
Dead Germansr Mike answered.
Why. Sir Shanus, the place was aloivs
wild EN-"
Evening star., 1915-12-05

the bureau. so that the library may be
useful to its fullest extent. One reads.
for instance. an item to the effect that
the tar-road dressing in England
seems to be affecting the fsh In the
into the subject and find out what in
gredient in the tar mixture has fatal
effect, because the same material may
injure the fsh in this country II like
dressing be put upon the roads con-
tiguous to our lakes and streams.
II am now on the lookout for avail
able literature on this subject and
upon finding anything important bear
notice Of the Investigator In that line.
In our laboratories scientists will take
every variety Of tar products used for
tar dressing and try them out by ex-
FORMS are injurious to fsh. II washed
by the rains from the roadways into
the waters. So. too. with all varieties
Of water pollution which may affect
nsh.
"You will be surprised to know that
there 10 q variety OF fish which is
MOSQUITO destroyer. and our scientists
have been for years collecting informa-
ton upon the subject. have been ac-
cumulating all the available literature
upon 1t. Quite lot of work has been
done in this connection in Bermuda and
In India, and here they are findinR out
what nsh will eat the baneful little In
sect. The mosquito larvae eaters are
valuable members of hsh society. and
the scientists ind that the killie Is a
mosquito epicure.
'1.ne shipworm 10 an enemy to the
progress Of mankind, and can in time
eat away the solid piles Of a wharf.
Specialists are busy finding out what
will be toxic In its effect upon the
troublesome little borers. I have made
q photography upon the subject for
their use, and have also been preparing
one on the pearl mussels for the use of
Evening star., 1915-12-05

1t was a one-story and garret cottage,
with a high sloping roof out of which
looked two dormer windows. There was
a brick chimney at each end.
At the on-coming of the civil war
Barbara Fritchie was a very old wom-
an. She had lived in the days of the
woman had contributed to the enter
tainment of George Washington when
that great man stopped at Mrs. Kim
balls tavern in Frederick in 1871. 1t
china with which the table at the tav-
ern was dressed. Barbara recalled
this great incident throughout all the
days of her life. Barbara's name had
not always been Fritchie. She was born
Barbara Hauer. and her birthplace was
Lancaster. Pa and the date of her
birth December 8. 1856. Her parents
were Catherine and Nicholas Hauer.
She was baptized in the German Re
formed Church. No record has been
found which shows when the Hauers
that they were Settled there at the
breaking out of the American revolu-
ton.
Barbara was married May s, 1905. to
Frederick. He died in 1S49 and his
widow lived in the little cottage. A
relative. Miss Yonor. lived with her. In
iss2 the year Of the inedsnf 1s WniGa
was ninety-six years old. She died in
December, 1862, about three months
after the flag incident which made her
famous.
When Jackson marched out of Fred
erick. not long before the battle of
Antietam, he did not travel along the
street on which Barbara's house faced.
but it seems to be admitted by every
body familiar with the facts that from
her house she could have seen Jack
son. Jackson's route of march out of
Frederick is well known. The Confed-
crates were leaving Frederick, having
been in possession of the town for
week. and Whittier's stanza, "Over the
mountains winding down, horse and
foot into Frederick town." is not ac-
curate. So Jackson was leaving. and
not entering. Frederick. and, of course.
the stanza, Forty flags with their
silver stars: Forty flags with their
silver bars" is wrong, as there was no
display of Union flags in Frederick
while the city was in possession of the
Confederates.
Many Inaccuracies can be pointed out
in the poem. but it would seem that
there must have been a foundation for
the beautiful legend which the poem de-
Evening star., 1915-12-05
The Nail.

~ EORGE ADE was talking at the
VI Chicago Athletic Club about
poor but beautiful working girl who
had eloped with an octogenarian bank
er.
1t, though" said Mr.. AIDE. Winnie.
you know. was q manicure. Well.
many q manicure nails multi-mtlliou-
aire"
Evening star., 1915-12-05
SOLDIERS MONUMENT


Mississippi wilderness. Early German
immigration to the United States is in
itself an interesting story and one with
which Americans might profitably ac-
quaint themselves II they do not hap
pen to be already familiar with 1t.
German immigration into western
Maryland, the valley of Virginia and
the Piedmont region of Virginia flowed
south from the German settlements
in Pennsylvania. The history of
the early German settlement In this
part of the country is a subject of con-
siderable difficulty because of the lack
of records, for these German pioneers.
like SO many of the English, Irish and
Scotch pioneers of the country around
Washington, were not book men or
writing men. Their problem was to
make the wilderness give them a liv-
ing, and one OF their great cares was
that the savage should not get their
scalps. 1t did not occur to them that
passed away people would be very Sc
riously interested in them. These
tides of early immigration have in
spired a fair number of industrious
writer's to delve in all records which
might give any Information on the sub
ject.
1t is believed by many that no Ger
mans were among the Maryland pill
grims who landed at st. Mary's In 1884.
The records contain no German names,
patiently and extensively recorded the
history of early German settlement in
the United States, says Of the st. Marys
party that 'it Is extremely probable
that among that company of 200 people.
consisting chiefly of servants and arti-
sans, there were a number of Germans.
The colony had been founded as an
English settlement and 1t Is evident
that foreigners were not desired. for
while there was no direct prohibition of
the settlement of foreigners in the col
ony, there was no inducement to lead
them in that direction"
Somewhere about the middle of the
seventeenth century there was prob
ably a sprinkling of Germans in Mary
land. These had come into the colony
from the neighbor colony of Delaware.
where there were many Swedes and
Dutch, and it should be born in mind
that the American colonial use OF the
word Dutch" was applied to all Teu-
tonic peoples. The conjecture that the
early Maryland Germans came from
the Delaware river country is based on
two letters which Peter Stuyvesant. d.
rector general, addressed to the direc-
Evening star., 1915-12-05

culture dates from the middle ages.
and we have some Interesting old tones
II am working constantly upon the
subject catalogue to make 1t as COM
prehensive and as, usefully divided and
subdivided as possible to meet the de-
mands of the Investigators. AS the ou-
reau approaches new problems, the sub
ject catalogue is extended to meet
them, One of the most important fea-
lures of the work of the library has
been the making of photography ar
ranged by countries, by fish. and in
eggs and fry. ponds. aquatic plants.
physiological effect Of temperature. en-
yironmentai effects, diseases and pests.
toxicology. breeding habits. FOOD and
ut has been our aim to make this IL
brary as helpful an adjunct to the sci
entists in their work as a library can
be. To accomplish this we not only
sified with the utmost care and accu-
racy, but also send the titles Of all the
new books and references in periodical
literature to the scientists who may be
working at a distance. that they may
either md for themselves the works
desired, or, If not available, that they
NAV send to this central library for the
books or periodical references. Each
week l go through the periodicals. do
mestic and foreign. making reference
work.
X
I'VE do a great deal of work by cor
respondence," Miss Macdonald contin-
ued. "and we receive a great many let
ters daily from scientists in every part
of the country. It Is the object OF the
bureau and the library to extend the
fullest possible aid to every invsstiga-
tor. Here is a letter from scientist
in the New York aquarium. and here is
one from Oberiin, Ohio. requesting in
formation on the utilization Of sea-
weed found on American coasts. Half
a dozen titles of modern treaties on the
subject were sent.
"a letter from the College Of Physi-
clans and Surgeons Of New York de-
sires information on metabolism. and
here is one from bactertoloGist In
Quebec, who asks II our library can
give him a photography bearing upon
the effect of copper on oyster beds.
ITO the scientists working at the va
rious biolSgical stations of the bureau
instructions are sent as to the use Of
the libraries at the stations. Bib
iioeraphies sre made Of special subjects
as desired. and the books forwarded
from this library II they cannot be
found nearer at hand. In addition to
this central library, the bureau main
tions at Beaufort. N. c.: at Fairport.
Iowa: At woods Hole, Mass: on the
Seal Islands, st. Paul and 81. George,
Evening star., 1915-12-05
Woman Has Charge of Library Devoted Emit

AAISS ROSE MACDONALD Librarian Of the Bureau Of Fish
" cries. the Only Woman in Federal Service Who Has Passed
Civil Service Examination Fish Culurs-She Has Other
Work Besides Caring for the Books and Papers Of the Finest
Library of Its Kind in the Wod-A Wonderful Collection of Liter
asue Pertaining to Aquatic Biology.
Evening star., 1915-12-05

E1HE list Of cities and towns in
the country around Washing
ton which have contributed
pages and chapters to the his
tory of the nation is long one. The
Rambler at various times has jotted
down fragments of the life story of
Alexandria, Dumfries. Fredericksburg.
Williamsburg and jamestown. in Vir-
/. ginia. and in Maryland there are An
napolis. Marlboro. Piscatawav. Port
Tobacco. st Marys CITY, Frederick and
scores of other places where much
early American history was made
Frederick is one of the cities adja-
cent to the capital which are rich in ma
~teria1 for history rarbles. In TIRE gen.
eral American mind Frederick IS asso-
ciated with the memory of Barbara
Fritchie and the ELOQUENT measures of
Whittier's poem. and the story of Bar
bara is interesting in number of
ways. The fierce light of the civil
war beat on Frederick town during
the four years struggle. Battles ragged
near the ancient city and hundreds of
the men of the north and of the south
who fell on the fields from the Monoc-
acy river to South mountain and An
tietam sleep in a beautiful cemetery in
Frederick. Close by the bones of these
brave men sleep Francis Scott Kew.
who wrote the "Star SnaneIed Ban
ner" and Barbara Fritchie who waved
that fa9 and whether the good old
1adv waved her flag as a defiance TO
Confederate troops or as greeting to
Union troops makes very little differ
ence now.
Frederick is especially interesting
because of it's connection with the tide
Of German Immigration which set into
Maryland and Virginia in the early
years OF the eighteenth century. and
with the emigration OF Americans from
the east to the trans Allegheny region.
Reflections on these rather obscure
periods of American history must come
to one who strolls along the main north
and-south street and the main east-and-
west street of Frederick, for down the
first flowed the tide of men and freight
following the old Monocacy trail and
through the second rolled the long.
long, wagon trains passing from the
east to the Ohio, Indiana. Illinois and
Evening star., 1915-12-05

who are developing this
very useful creature of commerce..
These few examples of the many
branched subject Of fish culture give a
very slight idea Of the range Of the
work. Like all live libraries, this IL In
q constant state Of development and
Evening star., 1915-12-05
MISS ROSE MACDONALD,
Librarian of the bureau OF fisheries.
photo by Harris & Ewing.)

growth. 1t is changing all the time,
and old books are replaced by new, as
fresh discoveries are made and re.
vealed. / speak, of course, of the ref
erence books. which must be kept up to
date to be of worth. The library io rich
In old standard works OF value. Fish
Evening star., 1915-12-05

~AN one imagine whole library
III devoted TO fish? There is one
II in Washington, which is the
~ best fish library in the world,
and IT is among the most useful in
stitutions of its kind existing. for it is
one of the most live and up-to-date
scientific libraries with which this
government supplies its scientific in
vestigators.
This is the library of the bureau of
fisheries, and the custodian, who has
done the greater part of the work in
building and systematizing this one
cae of the most active and useful sci
entiac aids of it's kind, is woman
Miss Rose acDonald-thoroughiy
competent to caro- for the special IL
brary of which she is the head.
She is the one woman In the federal
service who has passed the civil serv-
&c, examination as fish culturist.
having entered the Office and passed
the examination as a specialist eight
years ago. During the intervening
years she has kept up with the scien-
tifc progress of this important bureau
OF the Department of Commerce.
Miss Macdonald Is an enthusiast in
her work. coming naturally by her In
terest In 1t. for she IL daughter OF
the late Marshall Macdonald. the third
commissioner Of the bureau OF nsh-
cries. who held this position for nine
years. giving his division Of the gov
ernments work long and valuable
service and inventing much OF the sci
entinc apparatus which 10 used in the
bureau today.
Evening star., 1915-12-05

one of the important divisions OF the
Department of Commerce and that she
thus has her share in the advancement
of the country's welfare. Not mere
keeps herself posted upon literature
relating to the bureaus branch OF
science. either acquiring the books and
journals or making references as to
where they may be found.
The library of the bureau OF hsh-
cries Is the finest of it's kind in the
world" said Miss Macdonald recently.
II feel almost certain that nowhere
else can there be found SO extensive
a collection of literature pertaining to
aquatic biology. You perhaps know
that the subject of hsh conservation Is
one of the biggest questions before the
commercial world of today. The fish
food problem is a great branch Of our
thing done in the work tends toward
the problem of economy and efhciency
in MS conservation, in which the mat
ters Of nsh food and nsh diseases bear
a vital part.
"A large proportion Of the food OF
dsh Is other fish. and the scientists
are ever studying this phase and Its
relation to the decrease or increase OF
the supply Of fish for commerce. Just
now. for instance. l AM working on
literature relating to carbohydrate
metabolism Of fishes. especially in re-
lTtion to salmon and trout. The bu-
isdu - ueSiIoub OF uHuIH6 ouL ~ sHIo
clas~ OF food ever serve1 as source
Of energy in these fishes. and ! am
seeking in every available direction
for literature on the subject.
Then. there 10 the subject of migra-
tion of fish. Reaction to stimuli &C.
counts for many of the habits Of hsh,
and the bureau Is investigating along
this line so as to direct their habits In
an advantageous manner. I make It
my duty to keep in touch with all pos
sible phases Of the scientific work Of
Evening star., 1915-12-05

e. Miss Macdonald takes pleasure and
pride in feeling that in her own do
main she is accomplishing the best
which 10 in her power to further this