davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-06-06

on the ground. around which arc
woven up and down and back and
forth barbed wire. When the enemy
is first confronted with It he halts in
surprise and perplexity and immedi-
ately becomes an excellent target The
entanglements. which are built low. are
considered the most effective, as artillery
shrapnel breaks down the high entangle-
ments The low ones can be concealed in
weeds. and when the enemy stumbles
over them his clothes are caught fast on
the wire.
Abatis, still another form of obstacle
which the war prisoners learn about,
consists Of trees-tiny twigs on the
sand tab1e-lying parallel to each
other, with the branches pointing in
the general direction of frontage. All
the leaves and small twtgs are re-
moved, and the ends Of the branches
are sharpened into points. A man finds
himself in a distasteful position when
he. comes on such trap unawares.
Even the sight of the small needle
point twigs used on the instruction
table causes one to feel decidedly un-
comfortable.
The enemy's formation Is always
broken up because of coming upon
such an obstacle unexpectedly. and 1t
does not take but a minute or two
with the modern machine guns now in
use to wipe out an entire line In such
a case.
The army prisoners are not only in
structed in groups at the large sand table
at the barracks, but they are also COM
PEELED to use their own individual model
ing apparatus. The box resembles a tool
chest and each one is furnished
with eight gabioons, four fascines,
fOIr hurdles one box of soI one cheyeallx
de frise, one section form for fire trench
(for attachment for enlargement Of fire
trench), one box sand bags and one
bundle Of abatiS.
Some Of the other miniature articles
that necessarily must be used in this sys-
tenn of military instruction which restores
prisoners to the colors look as though
they rightfuliy belonged in a childs play
room or in toyshop. There are small
villages, with tiny. painted houses, barns
and yards, and Individual houses which
can be set up to form a residence section
of town. They would make any small
Evening star., 1915-06-06
Modern Military Trenches ON Exhibition

girl's heart beat with delight II she found
one OF them with her toys Christmas
morning.
These are used by the war prisoners
would appear in a war-ridden coun-
try. One would little guess the deadly
signifcance of the small, red iron
stands. with movable spokes at the
end of which are little pointed spears.
These are target racks. A strip of
heavy paper. with a neat wood frame.
on which are black marks represent
ing pen, is placed before this stand.
and the men must move tho rods until
the spear at the end is focused direct
on certain black enemy designated
by the instructor to be the victim. The
stand is only about three inches high
and seven or eight inches long. After
a certain period of instruction in this
sort of Workmanship the prisoner Is
given real rifle instruction.
Wooden wheels with ridged edges
are used to trace railroads and paths
in the sand. Then. with the aid of a
war map. the prisoners are able to
transfer to the sand the exact land
marks they desire.
The sand-table work is but a part OF
the three-month course of instruction
the prisoners are required to take be-
fore they are honorably restored 10
the army. Drills. target practice and
military signaling included In the
course.
If, after a certain length OF time as
a member of a disciplinary company
at the barracks, a man makes good"
and desires to be restored to tho col
ors, his request is granted. and he ia
sent to regiment outside So far about
10 men have been restored.
A plan is now under way to teach
the men at the disciplinary barracks
trades, so that If they choose to go
back to civil life they Will make good
citizens At present the proper facili-
ties in the way of machinery, etc. are
not to be had. When they are, 1t is
planned to instruct the men in type
writing, shorthand. printing. brick
making, clothesmaking and the mech
anism of automobiles.
The records show that men who have
been restored are well prepared as
any men in the army. with their char
acter reports excellent.
Evening star., 1915-06-06

head. It ordinarily takes the form of
a shotproos barrier. horizontal or
nearly SO, and is often referred to as
bomb proof" or splinter proof. Ten
feet of parapet or overhead cover Will
be defended by sixty-fve men. for
whom twelve square feet of overhead
covering is usually provided.
The army prisoners learn that head
cover is of limited utility, as it in
crease the visibility of the parapet
and restricts the line of fire. At close
range the loopholes serve as aiming
points to steady the enefny's fire. and
may do more harm than good at longer
range. This is especially true if the
enemy can see any light through the
loopholes for he watches for it to be
obscured when he fires, knowing that
there is a mans head behind the loop
hole. Also. if shell happened to drop
without exploding, it would tear the
roof to pieces.
A few of the trenches show the traverse
which is the protected area In the rear
of a paEapet. In explaining the use Of
the traverse 1t is pointed out to the army
prisoners that if a straight shot will
clear a mans head at a certain distance
back. oblique shots with the same angle
of fall will clear mans head 100 per
cent of that distance In order to secure
protection against very obllque enfllade
or reverse fire, traverses are introduced
to intercept such shots before they fall
below the plane of desired protection
They are mainly parallel to the parapet
which they shelter.
At one end of the sand tables is shown
a. sand-bag revetment. which is the most
popular of all forms of revetment A
revetment is a sort of retaining wall. or
a covering placed upon an earth slope to
enable it to stand at an inclination
greater than it's natural one. Steep in
terror slopes are easier to fire over. give
better cover and increase the horizontal
space available Some revetments also
increase the tenacty of slopes and
diminish the injury from fire
The sand bags used on the instruction
Evening star., 1915-06-06

great Austrian seaport, now said to be
the Italian goal, Is a modern city with
many art treasures.
The Adriatic sea, on which Is the Aus
trian naval base. all authorities agree,
is bound to be the scene of hostilities.
The writer. two years ago, noted the
immense number of Notifications seen
along the Austrian coast, on the Dali
matian hills and islands near the shore.
Added to the bombardment already re-
ported as having been begun by Aus
tria Of the ports on the Adriatic, Lon
don reports, authenticated by the Ital-
ian war office, tell of the continued ac-
tivity of the Italian troops in their
drive across the border into the Aus
trian Tyrol. and of successful air raid
on Pola, which is said to have dam
aged the railroad station and arsenal.
The Val dt Ledro, mentioned In re-
cent dispatches as having been occu-
pied by italian troops, is in the Aus
trian Tyrol, a great gorge in tho vi
cinity of Monte Baldo. the high peak
between the Adige river and Lake
Garda. High above the lake runs the
New road. constructed along the YER
tical face of the cliff. No country, with
the exception Of Switzerland. in all Eu-
Evening star., 1915-06-06

rope is so mountainous as Austria, a
condition which it is known must
greatly increase the dangers and diff
culties which the invading army must
overcome.
Monte Baldo is a mountain range
more than forty-fiye miles in length
1t consists of two separate groups of
the AltisSimo and Monte Maggiore.
They are separated by the depression
of the Bocca di Nayene, itself almost
5000 feet in height. The Altissimo IL
$3.50 and Monte Maggiore rises TO
7,21S feet.
The pretty city of Botzen, on the
northern side of the TrentiHo. is an
other quaint place now in the lime
light. 1t Is called by the Italians Boil
zano. 1t is an important commercial
town and railroad center, said to have
originated from a bridge at the con-
huence of the Taller and Eisak rivers.
which, owing to the Importance of the
trade crossing, at this point formed
the nucleus of the town. 1t became
the connecting link between Venice
and Verona and the German cities to
the north. The background of BotZen
Is formed on the east by the strtkinglv
picturesque dolomite mountains of the
Val di Fassa. and to the west lies the
long ridge of the Mendel.
Botzen boasts Gothic parish church
of the fourteenth and fifteenth cen
turtles. 1t has fine portal with two
Hons of red marble in the Lombard
style. From the Eisak bridge fine
view of the town and mountains is
afforded. From Botzen branch line
diverges to Meran, a picturesque place
recently occupied by the italian
troops. dispatches state. 1t has
charming old castle with battlemented
towers.
Riva, the Austrian town on Lake
Garda to the southwest, recently re-
ported to be the goal of an invading
italian force, Is just at the point where
the italian boundary Of the lake be-
gins The town is effectively situated
on the blue waters of the lake, at the
base of precipitous heights Of Rochetta.
Above Rfva, towering over the city. is
an old fertilization. long in ruins. The
castle of La Rocca, on the shore of
the lake, has been converted by the
Austrians into modern barrack.
favorite climb for tourists. 1t is only
a thousand feet high, but affords
magnificent panorama Of the lake and
its majestic environs- The ascent is
not difficult, but a long detour has to
be made to the left, unless the climber
portion Of the mountain is fortified
Fort San Niccolo lies at the foot of
Monte Brione. half way between Riva
and Torbole. The many fortif1cations
along the peaks OF the Tyrol by the
entrance Of Italy into the war arena
now become a great strategic impor-
tance. The possession Of the mountain
passes, also, experts believe, will have
an enormous effect in fastening Italy's
invasion.
Evening star., 1915-06-06

table are tobacco bags. gathered from the
prisoners at Fort Leavenworth- Sand
bags as used on the field are gunny sacks
thirty-three inches long and fourteen
inches wide. They are loosely filled with
earth or sand, requiring about half a
cubic foot of earth, and. having been
placed in position, they are fiattened with
shovels to roughly rectangular form. The
revetment is constructed by laying the
filled bags stretchers and headers.
Sand bags give no splinters, and are con-
veniently used for the entire parapet if
necessary. AS they are more readily
transported than corresponding guam
tity of any other revetting material, they
are< of great Importance in field forti-
fication. Their perishability is disad-
vantage, though in many soils a surface
revetted with bags will stand after the
bags have lost their strength through de-
cay The Sand-bag revetment is power
full protection, as the enemy would find it
hard to disturb a solid sand-bag bank.
Other types of revetment shown are the
sod, fascine, gabion and hurdle, together
with the method of fastening.
i. X
The obstacles which are designed and
used on the battlefield for the purpose
of breaking up works and also to re-
duce the momentum of attack by
breaking up the enemy's formation and
holding him in the accurate fire of the
defense are. undoubtedly, the most in
teresting features Of the sand table.
In the center offthe table are shown
trous de loup. or military pits. These
are excavations. in the shape of an in
verted cone or pyramid, with a pointed
stake in the bottom, and are covered
with straw or brush SO they cannot
be seen. The actual pits are not so
deep as to afford cover to the skirmish
er. Two and one-half feet or less is
a suitable depth. They are usually
dug in three or five rows and the earth
is thrown in front to form a glacis.
The excellent arrangement shown on
the sand table is the checkerboard
plan, which leaves alternate squares,
with stick in the center of each to
Evening star., 1915-06-06

of it's exceptionally mild climate. Like
many other places which have been
acquired by Austria from Italy. it re-
tains many of it's italian characteris-
tics.
Amusing anecdotes are told, en-
phaSiZing the constant friction De
tween the Italian subjects of the Aus
trian emperor who dwell in the Tren-
tino and the officials of their Austrian
master. Trento, or Trent, the quaint
town hemmed in by the great lime
stone crags of the Dolomites, now 80
frequently mentioned in the war dis
patches, is known to be uncompromls-
ingly Italian in its sympathles. Al
though ii is now exactly SSS years
since the Trentino district ceased to be
a part of Italy, the inhabitants of the
region remain unaffected by the years
of Austrian domination and influence.
The usual approach to Trent is by
the beautiful Brenna pass. the lowest,
and very important pass over the main
chain of the Alps in the Austrian Tyroi.
about twenty-five miles from Inns
Evening star., 1915-06-06

ON the office of the adjutant general.
at the War Department, trenches
similar to those extensively used
x in the big European war are on
exhibition. A first and hasty glance
at the ten-foot sand table on which
these are nodded gives one an idea
that 1t is a kindergarten affair, the
sort of sand and block contrivance
used in the infant department of the
public schools to amuse the children.
But when one gets closer view of
the sand mounds and other parapher-
MALTA which covers ii one realizes they
are miniatures of the death dealing de-
vices and artfully designed methods of
protection used in modern warfare.
Army prisoners confined at the
United States disciplinary barracks,
undergoing the process of rehabilita-
tion, work on a similar table modelling
these ingenious trenches and effective
forms of revetmcnt A highly eluci-
dating idea of modern military tactics
is gained by study of this fascinating
sand table.
r
The trenches that the United States
army prisoners are taught to dig with
the aid of quantities of sand and min
cavations which form so important
part in Europe's fertilization plans
only in so far as the soldiers across
the water sink the overhead protec-
tions flush with the ground, while the
sand tabl varieties have the ever
heads built high. The European
trenches. however. are the newest ana
most improved forms.
When an army prisoner charged with
military ofenSe takes the restoration
course, one Of the things which he
must do III order to be honorablN re-
stored to the colorS is to show ms
proficiency in trench building. PIT dig
giug obstacle construction and other
field fortificatirn work In order TO
acquire the proper education along
this line il is necessary for him to
visualize the tasks he would be Obliged
to perform on the battlefield.
Therefore. at the United States dis
ciplinary barracks at Fort Leaven-
worth and at the Pacific and Atlantic
branches of the barracks at AlcatraZ-
Evening star., 1915-06-06
AT ENTRANCE TO AIRS

tesla made themselves masters of the
city. They were the founders of the
two Roman families of Pesaro and
Rimini: Giovanni aianciotto, the
Francesca da Rimini, lived there in
1885. The well known story of his
wife's loYe for his brother Paolo has
been made immortal by Dante in the
fifth canto Of his Inferno"
Ancona's harbor. which. according to
Vienna dispatches. was destroyed, has
been considered the finest in Italy. 1t
had an oval basin with extensive docks
$50 yards in diameter. The district
around the city contains valuable sui
phur mines. silk mills, paper factories
and rich vineyards. Asphalt is the
chief export. The city is not only an
important naval station and steamship
terminus. but also a railroad center. 1t
is favorite resort for travellers on ac-
count Of its well preserved antiquities.
The splendid Cathedral of San Ciriaco,
dedicated to the first Bishop Of An
Evening star., 1915-06-06
Alcohol in Bread.

H NGLANDs recent failure to estab-
Gs lish total abstinence for the dura-
ton Of tho war led Robert W. Cham
bers, the novelist, to say at the Cen
tury Club in New York:
TITS tust as we'll. perhaps. Total alb
stinence seems little extreme. There's
alcohol in everything. you know.
There's alcohol in the very bread we
eat
alcohol in breadw said a banker
poet, incredulously.
Sure" said Mr.. Chambers. Didn't
you ever see men get intoxicated from
drinking toastAr
Evening star., 1915-06-06

entrance has the appearance of being
not an arsenal. but a museum OF ar
Seven marble statues are sroupeu
about on heavily carved pedestals.
while above the ornate portal Is d
huge bas-relief of the lion of St MATE
book of the law. Four other speci-
mems of varying size stand or recline
about the steps. which are flanke1b flank, bo9 ON
The Hons are famous antiquitaieess'
brought from Piraeus. Greece. In 1881.
Upon the body of the largest beast Is
Runic inscription, which, 1t is said'
dates back to the tenth century. Al
though the lion is so ancient, he ap-
parently wears muzzle. but 1t Is only
occasioned by the mark where his nose
has been broken and repaired. from
which. by his expression. he still seems
to be in pain.
Rimini, Ancona and Senigallia are all
reported to have suffered bonn ba rdment
by Austrian warships from Pola, the
naval base across the Adriatic, at the
very time that Venice was visited by
the feet of aeroplanes.
Rimini is beautifully situated on the
western shore Of the Adriatio, at the
Evening star., 1915-06-06

coma, In the twelfth century, has
beautiful dome over the center. The
cathedral, which is Byzantine Roman
esque, is acknowledged to be one of the
finest in Italy.
Ancona is only one of the many at
tractive cities on the Adriatic, which
both on the Italian and Austrian shores
are veritable gems. Of art, whose de-
struction would be real loss to the
world art lovers declare. Trieste, the
Evening star., 1915-06-06
THE SUNDAY STAR WASHINGTON D. G, JUNE 6.

Trenches Similar Those Now Use Europe Shown Atan Generals
Table DeathDealg Devices
Modern Waae-Amy Prisoners Work Fmso Rnentm
Military gThe Various
the
Evening star., 1915-06-06

bruck. This pass. which has been used
since Roman times, has been traversed
by railway since 1867, road Which
has thirty tunnels and over sixty large
bridges and many small ones.
To its wonderful scenic attract1ons
it adds the far greater importance OF
being of vast commercial and strategi-
cal value as the main line Of travel
between Italy and Germany. The mag
nihcent view AFFORDED from the pass
as the train slowly descends. Of the
Evening star., 1915-06-06

mouth of the Ansa, little river known
to the ancients as the Aprusa. The
city is well built and does a thriving
trade in the manufacture of silk and
it also has extensive fisheries. The
town was the ancient Ariminum, which
was a Roman colony as early as 269
BE 1t was a famous frontier fortress,
the town having been largely built by
julius Caesar and Augustus. In the
thirteenth century the notorious Mala-
Evening star., 1915-06-06

ancient arsenal situated near the outer
end of the Grand canal-a charming
portion of Venice, made familiar to all
Americans by the brush and pen of
the late artist-author, F. Hopkinson
Smith.
At the hefghth of the glory of Ven
ice, when she was at the zenith of her
world power, $4,000 workman were
employed at the arsenal, which was
founded in 1104. 1t is one of the
quaintest buildings in the city. The
Evening star., 1915-06-06

its exceptional beauty. No other
mountain lake even in Italy, noted for
its exquisite lakes. takes precedence
Of Lake Garda in situation. The great
er part of the lake belongs to Italy.
but the extreme northern extremity is
possessed by Austria. a fact which has
been the source of constant contentious
for many years
Arco, the little Austrian town on the
lake shore, is a popular health resort.
being q mecca for sinvalids on account
Evening star., 1915-06-06

nounced by Italy adds the entire
length of the Adriatic. 450 miles, to
the war zone. The sea is about one
hundred miles in average width, and
both the western shore in Italy and
the eastern belonging to Austria has
"a long line of important towns and
cities which are known to be now in
danger of attack. similar to the re-
Gently reported bombardment of Ven
ice, Ancona and other places.
Latest dispatches from Rome state
that the Italians are continuing their
advance into Carinthia, where they
have taken three of the lower noun
tain passes and fourteen villages, and
that forces supported by gunboats on
Lake Garda have captured several of
the hills to the north of Mount Baldo.
Lake Garda. as the lake is always
called in Italy and throughout most
of Europe, has long been famous for
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-03-18
At the Theaters
JOHN POWELL CHARMS
LONDON AUDIENCE

John Powell, composer pianist Will
ba heard tonight in the Academy of
Music 81 piano recital. Th" Lon
don Globe recently wrote the fol-
lowing:
Far and away the best OF a busy
days recitals was that given at the
Aeolian Hall last night by the Ameri-
can pianist, Mr. John Powell. For
maturity OF style. keen penetration.
technical skill. and sheer beauty and
variety of tone, Mr.. Powell has few.
II any, equals among the younger gem
Grafton Of pianists. His playing of
Listz.'s Sonata In b minor was mas
terpiece of thoughtful expression. For
once the work was invested WITH I
rare depth OF mysterious meaning. and
the Interpretation. unspoilt by a hint
of Sirtuosity, aroused among the audi
ence that tense interest which is never
felt for any but a really great per-
Torrance. Where others have been
content to be SNOWY, Mr.. Powell vas
intensely stimulating. He held his
hearers all through by the force Of
his personality, and in admiration Of
his insight one forgot the brilliance
of his technical gifts. They were
given full scope In an engaging
Scherzo by Mr.. Sidney Rosenbloom
hers and the weighty Etudes Sympho-
niaues OF Schumann. This last work
was PLAYED, like the Listzt. with un-
common force and gravity Since he
first appeared In England. Mr.. Powell
has made a marked and rapid advance
In his art. He ia now leaving for a
tour Of America. n pianist of rare at
tainments. and still rarer interpreta-
tive imagination.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-03-18

comedy ringologists. perform all sort
of laughable tricks in midair.
Madden and Fitzpatrick will be see
in Mr.. Fitxpatrick's dramatic sketch
The Turn Of The Tide" a stron
emotional one act piece, with broa
comedy relief.
Hal stephens n Co.. will offer
genuine novelty in their series OF light
ming change character representation,
AS each OF the protean artists change
character there is a complete chang
of costume. The act is different fron
anything in the character change lin
seen here this season.
An oddly on the bill, which prom
isese to be one Of the most interest
ing attractions of the week, is Dan
lei Josephus, the Clown Seal. The oNi
amphibean comic actor before tn
public. The seals antics are excru
ciatinglv funny. The exhibition Civ
en- by the rightly trained animal Ia n
marvellous for the degree of intelli
gence Daniel Josephus displays and 10
the gales OF laughter stirred by ID
funny pranks
Stirring scenes in the war zones O
Europe projected by the Hearst-SeIi
Lyricscope and some fast and fupn,
comedy films will augment the ney
vaudeville show.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-03-18
supreme Court Proceedings.

No. G4--Norfolk and Portsmouth
Belt Line X. K, Co. VS., Sturgis. Argued
by Judge T1.os. II Wilcox for. APP
pellant. and by ". II. Venable for the
appellee. and submitted
No. 75--Carner vs.. Middlckauf ct
ais Argued by r. r. Hicks for APP
pellant. and by G. A. Wingfeld for
appellees. and submitted
Next cases to be called:
No. 76--Ratcliffe VS. Costello ct al,
No. 77~-Craft VS.. Moloney Belt
Line Company ct al, tTo he sub
mitted)
No. 7s--Providence Forge Fishing
and Hunting Company VS.. GIL.
No. 79-Straus w. Fahed eft al.
No S0--Holdsworth VS.. Anderson
Drug Company.
No Sl-East vs Atkinson ct ais.