davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Harrison times., 1915-05-08
rwENrlErA oeNrvRY pollcY.

The mother deer hides her lawn
from wolves In u thlckot That was
what woman did for ages Now she
IL out In tho open hunting the wolves,
She started out for the saloon keeper
and she has come home from millions
Of square miles OF territory with hia
scalp at her belt She praya, Of course,
but she Keeps her powder dry and
shoots at the monster to Nll Her
uuoco55 has established her ability to
conduct an aggressive warfare against
the eyll Of the world, And there need
be- no doubt that this eggrea3lye pol
icy win continue until the world has
become far ualor for the young than
II ever has been Gwpho, In the Con.
grcgolIonplist,
The Harrison times., 1915-05-08
NO pooRAouaRe.

We have practically no poorhoubca
IN our state, out Of 30 counties, IA
have none Ht oll ana IN the other six
lhe poorhouFes ere more what might
be called county hoBpitalB where sick
old people are cared for Gov H. u,
Hanna ....
The Harrison times., 1915-05-08
MEMORIES of the Old South
AVA in Every Can of This
Wonderful Old Secret Blend

The romantic days of Andrew Jack
son, Henry Clay, pirate chief, LaFitte,
and the beautiful women and brave
men of the old South, cling to every
cup of delicious old French Market
Coffee, the wonderful old secret blend
that is known all over the world.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Average for 2319 cows $25.93 1925 42.1s
Taking $42.1S as the cost of feed
and $37.65 as representing all other
costs, we find the average total cost
of keeping a cow for one year to be
$79.S3; of this sum, 1913 per cent.
is chargeable to feed, 24.6 per cent.
to labor, 6.2 per cent. to shelter, SO
per cent. to depreciation, Al per
cent. to interest, 2.7 per cent. to
keeping the bill, 1T per cent. to
bedding, 1.3 per cent to equipment,
and one per cent. to taxes and insur-
ance.
The reasonableness of the charge
of 1888 as the average cost of
keeping a COW will now be consider
ed. 1t is assumed that the records
of the cow testing associations are
accurate, and therefore we cannot
question the average cost of feed per
cow. However, the remaining fac
tors which determine the cost of
keeping a cow are merely the esti-
mate Of different farmers, and for
this reason are open to criticism.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
COST OF KEEPING COW
CONTINUED from page nine.)

That the size of the herd has a
direct bearing on the cost required
to maintain each COW, is clearly
shown by the diagram. Small herds
have a high cost per COW, but as the
herds increase in size up to the
number of thirty-five the cost de-
creases. With larger herds, how
ever, the cost is greater, mainly be-
cause more of the work is done by
hired help, barns are proportionate-
ly more expensive and better equip
ped, and the stock is more valuable.
Feed
Data for the cost of feed for 2,319
COWS was obtained from the records
of the cow testing associations. The
prices charged for roughage and
grain differ somewhat in the various
associations, due to local conditions
and the quality of the materials fed.
Hay was found to vary in price from
$500 to $1,000 per ton, with an av-
erage of $1,000; ensilage from $3.50
to $3.50; and pasturage from $3.50
to $500 per COW per season. Prices
for concentrates average approx
mately $4,000 per ton. The cost of
hauling the grain to the barn is not
taken into account, since it is ex-
u CAAOAy Q1ANOAI " oOPdA0LO IL AAOhA
the cost of hauling other materials
between the farm and shipping
point. However, this is an impor-
tant factor in determining the cost
of producing milk and butter-fat,
and the reader is asked to bear this
fact in mind when considering the
final results of the investigation.
In the following table are given
the average cost per COW of rough
age and grain, and also the aver
age total cost of feed for fifty eight
herds in six different associations
which were visited by the writer. The
lowest cost of roughage is found to
be $3.50, and the highest $3173.
The cost of grain varies from $3.45
to 5000, and the total cost of feed
from $21.35 to $65.34.
Cost of Cost of Total cost
L q 0A1
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The smallest average milk yield
is 1912 pounds, and the largest
6,822 pounds. Butter-fat production
ranges from 142 pounds to $40
pounds. The lowest feed cost per
pound of butter-fat is IL cents, and
the highest % cents, with % cents
as the lowest total cost and 80 cents
the highest.
Diagram No. vi shows graphically
the relation of milk yield to the pro-
COWS giving $500 pounds per year is
found to test 4.6 per cent. or 1872
pounds of butter-fat. A slightly
larger per cent. of butter-fat is found
as the milk yield increases. Herds
having an average production of
800 pounds show $40 pounds of
butter-fat, the test being 40 per
cent. Scrub COWS not only produce
lower milk yields, but the percent
age of butter-fat is also lower. The
cows from which these results were
obtained are mainly grade Jerseys,
some being full blooded. This fact
accounts for the uniformly high
test.
The relation of the cost of feed
to the butter-fat yield is shown in
Diagram No. VII. The cost of
roughage is not much greater for
COWS producing $50 pounds of but
ter-fat than for those producing only
$50 pounds, while the cost of grain
and the total cost of feed is more
than twice as large.
The same general statements are
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

true for the cost of feed in relation
to the milk yield, as shown in Di-
agram No. VIII.
1t will be seen from Diagram No.
TX that cows producing $50 pounds
of butter-fat have the lowest cost
per pound, while the highest and
lowest producers have a greater cost
per pound. The next diagram, No.
x, shows the relation of the amount
of production per COW to the profit
or loss. Cows producing less than
It's pounds of butter-fat gave a loss,
while above this amount the profit
increases steadily as the production
increases. Although the high yield
ing cows produce butter-fat less
economically than those giving av-
erage amounts, yet they rank first in
total profit per cow.
The size of the herd has an i'm
portant bearing on the cost per pound
of butter-fat, as seen from Diagram
No. XII. The cost is greatest in small
herds, drops steadily until the low
est limit is reached with herds of 35
to 40. The cost increases slightly as
the herd increases in size beyond this
number.
The relation of the size of herd
to the profit per COW, butter-fat be-
Ing valued at 80 cents per pound, is
indicated in Diagram No. XII. The
largest profit, $3.50 per cow, is OBJ
tanned in herds of 80 to 40 COWS.
Herds of five show an average loss of
$O.0S per cow, herds of 10 profit
OF 1892. Beyond this size OF herd,
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The average cost of labor per COW
was found to be $3.50, which at
the rate of fifteen cents per hour al
lows only twenty-one minutes per
cow per day for milking, feeding,
etc. 1t is the opinion of the writer
that this estimate for labor is too
low. The average man on the farm
does not milk more than eight cows
in an hour. At this rate, milking
twice per day requires fifteen min
utes per COW, leaving only six min
utes per COW, or two hours for a herd
of twenty, for watering, cleaning the
stable, grooming, mixing grain,
pitching hay from the NOW and en-
silage from the silo, and for time
consumed in the actual feeding. The
writer's personal experience as "a
laborer on a farm has been that for
a herd of twenty cows more than
two hours per day is spent in doing
such work. An estimate of $4,000 as
the labor cost per year seems to
more nearly represent the actual cost
of labor. This allows twenty-six min
utes per COW per day.
The charge of $4.93 for shelter
per cow is not excessive. The value
of the barn or stable is not easy to
QSIOI AA1n0, Jul Judging ITOA LIE
building materials used and the gen.
eral appearance of the barn, the
farmers estimates are as accurate
as any that can be made. Interest
and depreciation at 10 per cent. is
the amount commonly charged on
the valuation of farm buildings. AS
previously stated, only one-half of
the total cost of maintaining the
barn is charged to the cows in all
instances where the crops are stored
in the same building.
At the present time, prices for
mich cows range from $500 to
$4,000. Taking into consideration,
also, that IT'S of the 1, SAT cows in
Guided in the general average are
registered, the average valuation
per cow of $53.79 is not excessive.
The averge life of a dairy cow
after dropping her first calf is not
more than seven years. At the end
of that time she is not worth more
than $500 for beef. Subtracting
the value of the cow at the end of
her life in the dairy from the aver
age value of $3.50, gives a net loss |
of $28.79, or SAIL per year for
seven years. This sum represents |
only the loss from increase in age.
The farmers estimate depreciation to
be $4.49 per COW per year, but this
includes loss by death, accidents and
disease, as well as by increase in |
age. Subtracting SAIL from $4.49 |
leaves $0.38 to cover the deprecia- !
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

ton by deaths, etc. All who have
had experience with a herd of cows
will realize that $0.38 per cow per
years is not enough to allow for loss
from these causes
The cost of bedding, keeping the
bull, tax and insurance are of rela-
| lively little Importance as factors in
the cost of keeping a COW, and, in
the writer's judgment, the data from
which these charges have been COM
puted is reasonable.
Returns Per Cow
To offset the charge of 1888 as
the cost of keep, the COW is credit
ed with her calf, manure, and the
milk or butter-fat which she pro-
duceS.
The average calf when dropped is
worth but little more than the
calfskins vary from $O.75 to $500,
depending on the size and quality.
The writer has taken $100 as fair
amount to allow the cow for her
calf each year, since abortion often
occurs, or the COW fails to breed.
The actual value of manure on a
farm is difficult to determine, and it
depends upon the kind of crops
grown, upon the amount of fertility
already in the soil, and upon the
character of the food consumed by
the COW. Manure used on an old,
rundown farm is worth more than
is applied to a field already rich in
fertilizing elements. The amount of
fertility in the manure itself is i'm
portant. Manure from a cow fed
large amounts of grain containing
much protein, is far more valuable
than the manure excreted by a cow
fed mainly on roughage. G. F. War
rem, in his recent book on farm man
agement, values manure at one dol
lar per ton at the barn, and this
value is assumed by the writer.
Eight tons is taken as the amount
of manure excreted by a cow at the
barn during the year; that dropped
in the pasture not being considered,
since it is not available for use on
the fields. Allowing $1.0O for the
calf and $500 for the manure, we
have a net charge of $70.83 against
the COW. The amount of milk and
butter-fat produced by the cow in re-
turn for this expense will now be
discussed.
The following table gives the av-
erage production of milk and butter
fat per COW in fifty-eigh herds, the
cost of feed, all other costs, total
cots, total cost minus $500 as the
value of calf and manure, the feed
cost of one pound of butter-fat and |
the total cost:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Frank Coffin of Barre, a former
resident of this place called on old
friends here Tuesday.
George Sanborn and Mrs. Laura
Dana of Peacham spent Monday and
Tuesday at C. A. Durgan's.
Miss Maggie Houghton visited
friends in Danville several days last
week.
Miss Hattie Guy and Miss Ida
Founier of West Danville were re-
cent guests at George Morse's.
Mrs. Phoebe Young, Fred Haw-
kins and Mrs. William Finlay Of Con-
cord, n. H., spent Sunday at H. A.
Young's.
Mrs. N H Cate is slowly failing.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. /. Abbott and
daughters were recent guests of
friends at Peacham.
Mrs. Minnie Leonard and daugh-
tiers are home from Boston.
Mr.. and Mrs Oliver .McCosco of
West DanVille were at Nelson Gates
the first of the week.
Miss Inez Abbott and H. G. Libby
of Hardwick were at Walter Abbott's
over Sunday and Monday.
Mrs Edward Badger and daugh-
ter of Noyesville were recent guests
of friends here.
Mrs. Allen Laird and Mrs. Gran
vile Laird of Maiden spent Wednes-
day at Ira Reads.
Bnos Hopkins was a business visi-
tor at Montpelier Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Paige Of
Montpelier were guests of relatives
here Sunday.
Blwyn Witham is on the sick
list.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
EAST Carrot

OMrs. VIM. D. Barr, correspondent
G. D. Morse, Carlos Morse, Daniel
Newton and Ellis Leonard are work
ing on the state road at South Cabot
this week.
d. w. Pike of Boston was in this
place Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert Coolbeth
and Mr.. and Mrs. Raymond Gray of
Enfield, Mass, were guests of Mr..
CooIbeth's sister, Mrs. G. A. Durgan,
seeVral days last week.
Walter J. Weir spent several days
with his parents at Graniteville last
week.
Mrs Matte Dow of South Cabot
and her guests, Mr.. and Mrs. John
Lunt of Newburyport, Mass, spent
Tuesday at Leonard Houghton's.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Average for 2319 COWS. 1902 1855
The average production for 2,319
cows is 5,062 pounds of milk con-
tanning 1855 pounds of butter-fat,
the average test being 4.79 per cent.
The price received by the farmers
for butter-fat at the creameries dur
ing the last two years has been ap-
proximately 80 cents. At this price
the average value of butter-fat per
COW is $7732. For this sum, the
loss incurred in handling the milk
and cream, and the cost of trans
porting the product from the farm to
the creamery, should be deducted.
Owing to the extreme difficulty of
obtaining data, these factors could
not be determined in dollars and
cents.
The total average receipts per cow
from her calf, manure and butter-fat
amount to 1862 as against 1888
representing the total average ex-
pense. This gives profit at the farm
of the expenses and receipts, and the
proportionate divisions of each, are
shown by figures 10 and IA.
The cost of producing milk and
butter-fat is found by subtracting
the value >of the calf and manure
from the total average expense, and
dividing this amount by the average
production of milk and butter-fat.
From the foregoing data, we find
that the production of 5000 pounds
of milk containing 1855 pounds of
butter-fat requires cost of $70.83
at the farm. On this basis the cost
of 100 pounds of milk is S1.40, or
three cents per quart, while the cost
of one pound of butter-fat is 29.7
cents.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
Report of the Condition
OF THE
Merchants National Bank

! At ST. Johnsbury in the state of Vermont
at the close of business. September 2, 1915.
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts, Silt, 6S0. 90
us. Bonds deposited to secure cir
culation, (par value) $50 100000
Bonds other than U. S. bonds
pledged to secure postal saw
ings deposits 81 600; securi-
ties other than u. S. bonds
(not including stocks) owned
unpledged, SGT 900, 4,OOO.OO
Subscription to Stock of Federal
Reserve Bank, $4,000; less
amount unpaid, $4,000, $4,000
All other stocks. including
premium on same, $500 -
Value of banking house, $27, 100000
Furniture and fixtures, 5000, 90
Net amount due from Federal
Reserve Bank, 12,572.O9
Net amount due from approved re-
serve agents in New York, Chi
cago and st Louis. $5,659.26
Net amount due from approved
cities, $s2 ,59a.5e, ss, 24e.s2
Other checks on banks in same
city or town reporting bank, 1,764.52
Outside checks and other cash
items. $49O.56; fractional
currency, nickels and cents,
S123.46, 614.O2
Notes of other National Banks, $4,000
Federal Reserve notes. 2,72o.oO
Lawful money reserve in bank:
Total coin and certificates, AZ, 154.95
Legal tender notes, $4,000
Redemption fund with U. S.
Treasurer mot more than per
cent on circulation), 100000
Total. $3.50, 312.3e
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock paid in, $15o,ooo.oo
Total capital and surplus, zoo, ooo. 90
Undivided profits. $50, 94o.o7,
less current expenses. interest
and taxes paid. So, 9o6.23. 34,o33.S4
Circulating notes. $3.50 100000
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

less amount on hand ard ia
Treasury for redemption or In
transit, So 02.5O 141, so7. so
Due to banks and bankers, 8, 326.93
Dividends unpaid, 280.76
Demand deposits: Individual de-
posits subject TO check, $780,
1O1 .O5; certificates of deposit
due in less than 80 days, $685.
1852; cashiers checks out
standing, $S12.41, postal saw
ings deposits 81, 1O4.OS; 2O2, 1851 .o5
Time deposits: Deposits subject
to 80 or more days notice,
57.s29.s7
Total. 1.5se. a12.se
STATE OF VERMONT
Caledonia County, 80.
Il. Charles w. Ruitcr, cashier Of the above
named bank, do solemnly swear that the
above statement Is true to the best Of my
knowledge and belief.
cHAs. w. RUITRR. Cashier.
Subscribed and sworn to before me thia
10th day Of September: 1918.
HARRY M. NELSON. Notary Public
Correct-Attest;
ELMORR T. IDE,
HARRY BLODGETT, Directors.
TRUMAN r. STILES.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

the profit increases quite rapidly.
Eighteen herds Of the fifty-eight in
cluded in the curve gave a loss per
cow varying from $0.25 to $27.14.
Forty herds gave profit, the lowest
$0.12 per cow and the highest
$25.12.
The following table gives the av-
erage production of milk and but
ter-fat per COW for each of the six
COW testing associations, and also
the grand average for all the associ-
ations.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
Report of the Condition
OF THE
Caledonia National Bank

At DanvilIe. in the State Of Vermont. at
the close of business, September 2. 1915.
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts, Se3A 83B.4a
Overdrafts, unsecured. 1890
U. S. Bonds deposited to secures cir
Securities other than U. 8. bonds
mot including stocks), owned
subscription to stock of Federal
amount unpaid $3.50, $4,000
Value of clearinghouse 100000
serve sank, s.75s.s2
reserve agents, in New York
Chicago and st. Louis, SO, 922.-
81; Net amount due from APP
proved reserve agents in other
reserve cities, So. o62.2e. 21,ez47s
Fractional currency, nickels and
ns ssa': 81 other N.tIonal Banks. $3.50 1885
Federal Reserve Notes. 10000
Lawful money reserve in bank:
Total coin and certificates. 1881 so
Legal-tender notes, 100000
Redemption fund with U. s. Treas
urer mot m ore than per cent
on circulation), 100000
Total. 1929, 913.o7
LIABILITIES
Capital stock paid IN. 800 100000
Undivided Profits s44, 1923 80;
less current expenses. interest
and taxes PAID b2,o4&.SOs &1,4SO.5l
Circulating notes, 500, oOo.on
less amount hand and in
Treasury for redemption or in
transit, i 10000, $4,000
Due to banks and bankers Stills
Dividends unpaid. 1000
Demand deposits: Individual de-
posits subject to check $751;
1926; certificates of deposit
due in less than 80 days $73.-
90; cashiers checks outstand-
ing $3S1.71, 7s,S5o.97
Time deposits: Deposits subject
to 80 more days notice, 479 ,6S9.S4
bank, $4,000
Total 1929, 913.o7
STATE OF VERMONT,
Caledonia County, IS.
l. Asa Wesson, cashier of the above-named
bank, do solemnly swear that the above
statement is true to the best of my knowledge
and belief
A. wESSON. Cashier.
Subscribed and sworn to before me this
10th day of September. 1915.
c. S. DOLE, Notary Public.
Correct-Attest:
PETER WESSON,
FRED B. STOCKER, Directors.
w. A. KICKER,
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The next table gives the cost of
feed in the six different associations
and includes the herds in the above
table as we'll as those whose owners
were not visited by the writer.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-05-15

Each year several thousand school
children plant seed. Some of them
have the spring garden fever temper
lily, but soon lose interest; others hold
their interest until the first dry
spell of the summer arrives, and
then let their garden spots grow up
round gardener that makes a success
of his undertaking, and incidentally
wins prizes in the home garden con-
tests-that is, providing he is a pupil
in the city schools.
Right Now Is the Time.
Right now is the time to get after
the weeds Richness of soil and
freshness OF seed count for little pro-
,vided the weeds are allowed to grow
land the soil is not 1oosened.
II is particularly desirable that the
garden 6e cultivated subsequent to a
rain. The hard crust forming over
the soil after a dOwnpOur is detrimen-
tai to growing plants.
Sandy soil can be worked much
sooner after a rain than more heavy
soils but as soon as the ground is suf-
ticiently dry so it will not cake, opera
tions should commence. By frequent
conserved. AS a matter of fact work
never ends in a garden; there is al
ways something that can be done to
induce more perfect growth.
Care of Flower Bed.
The flower ped requires proportion
ately much attention as the veget-
BILE garden. 1t should be kept free
from weeds and the soil well loosened.
A hand weeder is a useful tool where
seed is planted at least comparatively
thick.
Subsequent to the planting of the
seed the bed should be kept moist by
the use of hose or a hand sprinkler
providing there is not sufficient rain
fall. This is particularly true in re-
spect to small seed which fails to
terminate in case of lack of moisture.
Thirst Hard to Satisfy.
There are some plants that require
much more water than others. The
Gamma, for example, has a thirst that
is hard to quench. Elephant ears need
an abundance of moisture. Last year
in a certain section of the residential
district of Topeka while the majority
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1915-05-15

The church services were held in
log cabin at the corner OF Second
and Madison streets at the time of
organization. There were nine char
ter members, the last of whom, Toll
vcr Bird, died April 5.
Approximately thirty wears ago the
congregation moved to the site of the
present unfinished church at the cor
ner of Seventh street and Topeka
avenue, where a basement had been
constructed under the passionate of
Rev! George Christburg- Here, under
embarrasSin circumstances the con-
gresation WOrshipped for five years
and the membership increased.
Church Was Erected.
DR.. II. E. Parks. now presiding
bishop OF the Fifth Episcopal district
was assigned 70 the Passionate at this
time. A prctentiouS and attra ctive
church cdifice was erected, costing
$4,000. A $1,000 loan was procured
at 1a-per cent interest.
Hero the congregation worshippeG
for fifteen years, with a steadily
growing membership.
The entire church debt was wiped
out and the mortgage burned in 1903
Including interest and taxes the
church cost approximately $4,000.
Just at the time when it was felt
that the congregation could worship
under its own wine and fig tree
without the necessity of shouldering a
debt, it was discovered that the four-
dation of the building and two walls
were defective and that the structure
would either have to be entirely re-
modelled or RACED and rebuilt This