davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

and Greek, and to this I have since
added working knowledge of Dutch.
Portuguese. the Romance and other
languages."
Then translation is your most i'm
portant work."
II do not so consider it. 1t is, of
course, very important, but I regard
the classificatio and cataloguing of
the library as my principal work. l
have been for over four years estab-
fishing a modern library system among
the publications and have got through
arranging international, constitutional
and administrative law and am now
working through history.
II am pleased with our system, which
is very much the same as that used in
the Library of Congress. 1t was based
upon that system. but adapted to the
peculiar needs of the State Department
with it's multiplicity of works upon
foreign relations and diplomatic usage.
and It has taken good deal of inge-
nuity to so adapt it
At this juncture a scholarly looking
man walked into Miss Fitzhughs Of
fice. He proved to be the chief of the
diplomatic bureau and he wished list
of countries which had ratified certain
recent international treaties. Miss F1tz-
hugh made a memorandum and prom
ised the necessary data.
your work evidently covers the look
ing nm of information as well as trans
lating, editing, classifying and cata-
loguing?" her caller remarked.
Indeed, yes. One must be able to
nut ones hand almost Immediately
upon any order of information relating
to the departments work. When the
war broke out last year, for instance,
| was constantly called upon to cite
neutrality, contrabahd of war. etc. and
when on one occasion a special dele
gate was going abroad a clerk was
sent up to ask me If ] could tell his
chief the exact length his wife's court
train ought to be. Fortunately for all
concerned. l was able to put my hand
Immediately upon the desired informa-
ton, and the American lady went
abroad with her court train following
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

when the British were hammering at
the doors Of the White House" Pat
ting it fondly before replacing the
back to her own sanctum just back OF
the library proper.
X x
isn't this a beautiful room?" she ex-
claimed, enthusiastically, as she pass
ed through the main library. The de-
sign is charming. with its classic pill
lars: and see those fine mosaic pat
terms in the floor. We are directly
above the Office of the Secretary of
State and have the same lovely outlook
as he enjoys"
How many volumes does the library
contain?" she was asked.
1--WE have here over hundred thou
sand volumes, including government
maps. treaties and documents. and all
are catalogued and arranged as books.
The State Department library is really
for e ts. the dws Of
ters comes the original copy of every
treaty. national and international. re-
lating to this country. and here they
are printed and issued in pamphlet
form. They come from all countries
and are In all languages.
What is your work in connection
with the foreign treaties"
them for publication and occasionally
compile and put together In readable
form detached material. Here. for in
stance is a recent work ] made of ia
bles Of signatures. ratifcations. adj
hesions and reservations to the con-
vention and declaration of the first and
second Hague conferences, The Car
ne9ie Foundation has embodied them in
this printed pamphlet" and Miss Fitz-
hugh handed her visitor a red-covered
booklet Mr.. Bryan. the late Secretary
of state. declared this to be the most
valuable paper in the archives OF the
department"
How about the foreign languages In
are couched:"
"Oh, that is part Of my work My
knowledge of the languages was my
main Endorsement for this position, al
though I had had practical experience
in library work as well. At school
and college 1 made an especial study Of
German, French, Italian, Spanish. Latin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
TYPS Or DApPEAR


strength is $4,000 men and officers, some
what fewer than $4,000 are assigned to
our continental coast defenses. where they
are a necessity. About 10000 of the
whole number are in the administrative
service, or are recruits 10000 are in
the Philippines. Hawaii or Panama. and
the remainder form our mobile army.
Perfectly equipped in most respects,
well offlcered. we'll disciplined and eff
ficient, they would well match Europes
best; but they would be overwhelmed II
they engaged such an invading force, in
spite of American valor.
These troops would be supplemented
by organized land militia, of whom there
were at the close Of the last fiscal year
5000. With these the organized military
forces of the country are exhausted.
Under our present laws the next class
of persons to be called upon would be
citizen volunteers, and it IL by no means
improbable that in event of such a
calamity as the capture and looting
of New York city, Philadelphia. Boston
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
VIC -WAGG1NG In The ARN
Two-ARn SEnAPHoH
RECLINING MESSAGES

which it may be to their advantage
TO possess?
These are practical questions in which
every American citizen has direct and
personal interest: for he may no longer
delude himself with the cherished beliefs
that the ocean constitutes a barrier to
foreign aggression, and that American
valor and ingenuity" can overcome
properly organized modern army.
Lila ability to attack is no longer limited
to Canada on the north or Mexico on the
south but 1t may come from any or a
combination of several of the great pow
ers of Europe; and it is extremely prob
able that a war made by such an aggres-
.,or would be entirely successful If 1t
should overcome our first line Of national
defense-the navy.
Through sheer weight of numbers and
metal the ships of England could smother
those of the United States. The German
navy a year ago was larger and stronger
than ours. which, being Sc parated. some
on the Atlantic and some on the Pacific,
might be beaten or bottled up. II our
submarines failed then to hold the line
the entire Atlantic coast would be open
to attack.
Gen. Francis V Greene says that plans
for an attack upon the country are on file
in the Office of the German general staff
that they provide for transporting 100000
fully equipped troops in all branches Of
their service to these shores within
twenty -one days from the mobilization
order; that they had the troops, the ships
controlled by the government and the sys-
tenn to do this with certainty. and that
1t was planned to repeat it every twenty
one days until over 100000 men had
beer landed On our soil
Some may think that the coast defenses
have been overlooked. 1t is their duty to
prevent hostile entry to the waterways
leading to the National Capital and the
great coast cities. and even though under
manned. as it will be seen that they are,
fhe1, hob 1od MOI
form that duty. But there is nothing. il
the navy fails. to prevent an invading
force from disembarking at any undefend-
ed place on the coast of Massachusetts,
Connecticut, New Jersey or other points.
This means that in three weeks from
the time it was thought safe to let the
hostile transports start we would have
to fight or be pillaged, and suffer even as
Belgium suffered.
The organized military forces which the
Congress has created for the national
defense are generally we'll known-un-
doubtedly more accura tely by the war Of
fees of foreign nations than by our own
people.
OF the regular army, whose authorized
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

states with which I am connected L
love Virginia, the home of my fathers.
and Kentucky, the place of my birth
and education, and now I am proud to
be living in Washington, the most
beautiful capital in all the world"
She comes logically by her love OF
ant of literary men. Her grandfather
who was a member of the Virginia
legislature. was the author of numer-
ology of the South" and her father is
a writer on ethical and economic sub
jects. AS his name indicates. he was
closely connected with the family OF
the Virginia Lees. and was captain
of engineers on the staff of Gen. r. +.
Lee during the civil war.
Miss Fitzhugh is pronouncedly south,
ern in type. with the slender figure and
graceful carriage which betoken youth
and distinction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
The Boom Town.

mRAISING Americas growth, James
u j. Hill said:
Americas growth almost robs the
Tin Can story of it's hyperbole.
"A tenderfoot, visiting the boom town
of Tin Can, said to the mayor:
why don't you get out literature
about this locality? Why don't you
get out booklets, illustrated with Off
cial photographs? Is it possible you
haven't ever had the town photo
graphed?'
Stranger said the mayor. Tin Can
progresses SO gosh -almighty fash that
there amt no camera quick enough to
snap her."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
OVRTAr1ovs NFrI McH SPL1rIRAlL FIELD Gun; WE NED
OVER SIXTEEN HUNDRED NoFK OF. 4HEsE. Guns

thousand men of the infantry and cav
airy In the fall of 1914 the army had
648 guns and authority and appropria-
lions to construct ZIG more, or $50
guns, leaving shortage of 44O guns.
Nearly all of the guns on hand, al
though of the best design-similar to
the French guns-were of light three-
inch) caliber.
But this ratio of 3.16 to the thousand
produces about one-half of the num-
Der of guns found necessary in the
European war, and, hence, instead of
there being need of 1892 there should
be, at least, $500 guns, leaving a short
age of about 1850 guns for an army of
500, 900 men.
The department has about 1000, 900
military rifles. including Krags. which
would supply an army of 100000, with
no reserve to take the place of those
lost or captured.
1t has about SO machine guns of
modern construction; or about two for
each thousand of infantry and cavalry.
These guns, which discharge from 200
to 600 shots minute, weigh only thir-
ty pounds apiece and can be operated.
if necessary, by one man.
When the war broke out Germany
had $4,000 on hand, and has been man
ufacturing them steadily ever since. 1t
is supposed that the present fighting
European armies have at least twelve
of these guns for every thousand men.
our shortage is $500 machine guns
1t is deemed unwise to discuss the
quantity of ammunition on hand for
our artillery. 1t is known that last
year it was dangerously low; and tina t
as soon as Congress provided for the
manufacture of new lot, the govern
ment plants became very busy. 1t is
known that the chief of ordnance stat
ed in December, 1914. that for each rifle
in the army there should be 1910
rounds: and for each of the machine
guns 21,400 rounds, making a total of
more than 512,e00,e0o rounds required
for an army of 100000 men.
At the time these statements were
made there were on hand 195.0oo.O0
rounds of the small ammunition. The
expenditure by the comba tants in the
European wars shows that the esti-
mates of Gen. Crozier were very con-
servative.
AS to need of large supplies of am
munition for field artillery. 1t is said
that in two days the French discharged
300 900 rounds of shrapnel: the Eng
lish nearly exhausted their supply at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

or Washington and the country ada
cent to one of those cities there would
be 100000 men ready to take up arms
and sacrifice their lives for their coun-
try.
II is the opinion of high military au-
thorites that in event of such a for
eign invasion not fewer than 100000
men would be required to meet the
enemy. Following the canon laid down
by Upton in The Military Policy of
the United States" the volunteers, if
troops, should, to insure success, be in
number twice as many as the invaders.
Several years ago the general staff
worked out plan for the organization
and equipment of an army of about
100000, to be raised if necessary for an
emergency, for national defense, with
a view to assembling such a force as
quickly as possible and annihilating
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

Neuve Chapelle. and the expenditure
by the Germans during Gen. Macken-
sens drive in Galicia is said to have
exceeded anything heretofore known.
The department has on hand nearly
enough sabers and pistols for the cav
airy branch of the 100000 army, but
there would be no reserve.
The armored train and armored auto
mobile have done wonderful service in
Europe. The department has none, ex-
cept an experimental car. Probab bly, the
armored car, on account of the inferior
quality of our roads, could not be used
in this country to such an extent as IT
is in Europe.
The aeroplane has helped to revolu
tionize campaign methods. In the
European western arena. with one wing
resting on the sea and the other on
the mountains, turning movements are
almost impossible. and concentration
of troops in force sufficient to break
the line cannot be made by either side
without immediate detection by the
hundreds of observers flying along the
lines.
No data are available as to numbers.
and the flying machines are SO deli
cate that their count is variable. but 1t
is believed that the French have
many as they can buy or build, and so
have Germany and Austria They are In
valuable as observers, and have done
far more damage than is generally re-
ported by interfering with lines Of
communications and supplies. If they
are all in working order the United
States has twenty-one aeroplanes and
sixty airmen in training.
4
:.
One of the duties of the Signal Corps
is to lay wires for field communica-
lions, telegraph and telephone, and to
set up wireless instruments About
10000 highly trained men and forty
cars would be required for this work
in a 100000 army. The army. including
the militia, has about $500 men and
two cars.
Sanitary, Medical and Hospital corps
cannot be considered here. but in a
general way the deficiency is in about
the same ratio as in the Signal Corps.
There is. however, another depart
ment of very great Importance to an
army, the quartermaster's. This takes
charge of the enlisted men when they
enter the army. clothes, transports and
feeds them, procures horses for ar,
tillery and cavalry. and mules and d
wagons for the baggage trains; for the
army has fewer than fifty motor
It provides saddles. harness. equip
ment and forage. 1t must procure uni
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

we are glad to give any help we can
to the reader who comes here for in
formation, and the books are at his
service, but they do not go out of the
library to any but officials of the de-
partment. and some OF our most val
liable records never leave the bureau.
I'VE have here a great many publ
cations and documents which are to be
found nowhere else in the world; We
have many very rare works on inter-
national law. and we are the custo-
dams Of this country's most famous
documents. with all the important ma
proclamations issued. We have. as you
may know. the Declaration Of indie
pendence and the Constitution of the
United States in the originals. with the
articles Of confederation. the emanci-
patton procla nation and other papers
vital to our country's history
I'VE have hundreds Of old Indian
treaties. the signatures of the aborigi-
mes signing them being In many cases
some curious little device. such as a
bug or snake. Then. some of the for
eign treaties come tied up In ribbons
Of all the colors of the rainbow. and are It
times accompanied by gift. We have
really the most wonderful autograph
album in America certainly-perhaps
in the world. ] know you would like
to see it." And Miss FitZhugh. in her
swift. direct way. led her caller
through the library proper and across
the hall to a fireproof room and took
from a case a folio volume bound in
red morocco.
You see. this is Just one of hum
dreds." she said: and quickly turning
the manuscript leaves she laid before
her caller the emancipation proclama-
ton with the signature of Abraham
Lincoln.
DO you know that even II / were
not at work here ! would select this
as the most interesting place to visit
in Washington? 1t contains in these
papers the very core and heart OF
American history. Just look at this 81
And Miss Fitzhugh stopped and
brought from somewhere what looked
like a childs doll trunk of red leather
thickly studded with hrass tacks. DO
you know what that is: That is the
very trunk that Dolly Madison used il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
The Needed Tool.

A NDREW CARNEGIE consented to
~ see a reporter while he was play
ing clock golf on the Newport estate
which he has rented for the summer.
Il am better at this game, Mr.
Carnegie began. than / used to be.
remember the time when l was SO bad
at holding the ball that fresh young
caddie once said tonne:
".Shant get you shoehorn. SIR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

any troops which might succeed in de-
barking. But this arbitrary number
has no relation whatever to any pro-
posed recommendation of the depart
ment.
Some OF the requirements in men and
material to effectuate this plan will be
given later with a statement of what
the department. under the authority of
Congress. has been able to accumulate
toward the equipment of such body
The War College prepared tables SHOW
ing the necessary material and the dis
position of the personnel.
Such an army of 100000 men should
contain approximately $4,000 coast ar
tillery, 100000 infantry. $4,000 cavalry.
1000 field artillery, 1860 engineers.
1000 signal corps and 10000 sanitary
corps.
Two years ago Gen. Wood. then chief
of stan, announced that for such a
force they were trying to accumulate
1,292 field guns of various calibers. be-
ing at the rate of 3.16 cannon for every
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
The Wrong View.

R LILY SUNDAY told San Francisco
I'd reporter a story about repentance.
TOO many OF u.s." he said, look at
repentance in the wrong way. They
look at it like the little girl
Now. my little girl, tell me, said a
Sunday school superintendent. which
you would rather be-beautiful or
good?"
az think the little girl answered
thouEhtfuily. that I'd rather be beauti-
ful-and repent .--
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
The Lax Manager.

IN an address on efficiency in Scran-
u ton Thomas j. Foster said:
THE efficient manager gets full
quantum of work. full 100 per cent
of work, out Of his staff.
Some managers are like Blanc. To
whom l once said:
".How many men work for you here
in this factory, Mr.. Blanc"
We'll, at a rough guess. Blanc an
swered, I should say about three-fifths
of them"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
ENGLAND the Cucumber.

III orRKE COCHRAN. apropos of the
Id shake-up in the English cabinet
due to England's poor success in the
first wear OF the war. said in New York:
"Oh. well. we must not despair about
England. England is like the cucum-
her. The cucumber. you know. never
does its best fighting till it's down..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15
MISS Lucy STUART FITZHUGH.

her for the correct number of yards
DR.. Eugene Wambaugh, professor of
law at Harvard University, who was
brought into the State Department as
special counsel at the outbreak of the
war, and whom Miss Fitzhugh fire.
ouently assisted in research work. re-
marked of the latter that the govern
ment had at least one emplOye perfect
ly placed, as he had never before seen
in any library a finer combination or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

00 SzHILE monarchical countries
NAX love to invest their Offices
WNV and officers with all the in
- " " sigma of power they can
harry, the United States undoubtedly
holds the palm for stripping its rep
resentatives of every possible form Of
Sfuss and feathers"
In Britain the country's rolls" or
records, so named from being in past
days, as we'll as occasionally now. kept
5n roll form, have from time immemo-
rial been held in the custody Of the
Amaster Of rolls, very learned and i'm
portant dfgnitary. who ranks second
only to the lord chief justice Of Eng
land. This officer has now, to be sure,
many high functions besides his titular
ONCE. but when he appears upon the
'ofiicial scene at any time 1t Is with
corresponding formality and robed in
all the gorgeous apparel of his high
estate.
In Washington the office of the GUS
todian of the rolls is the librarian
Of the State Department library. The
correct title of this division of the
government service IL bureau Of
rolls and library. and it's head is MIR.
John A. Toner. who in a plain, work =
manlike Office on the third floor Of the
department directs the Affairs of the
bureau with the simple straightfor-
wardness characteristic of our bureau
chiefs.
Mr.. Toner'S expert clerk in the ae-
Atual work Of his office Is a youns
woman, Miss Lucy Stuart Fitzhugh, who
for four and a half years has been &C.
complaining special work in the way
~ classifying and cataloguinE the H.
hrary OF the State Department and In
caring for its rolls.
Few people know the real character
and scope of this library" said Miss
Fitzhugh recently. 1T il in no sense
the hyman, but is a reference librar,
for the use of the Secretary OF STATE
and his assistants. and naturally IL re
ates chiefly to the subjects on which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

efficiency. interest and courtesy tnan
that shown by this librarian.
Miss Fitzhugh is a young woman NIL
ed with zeal in her work. Since school
days In old Kentucky she has been a
hard and constant student. reading al
ways with the object OF filling some
important position in life She gradu-
ated with the degree of A. B. and NJ A.
the f,rst woman to gain these henors
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

Librarian
nguagesPnces Papers
That Natter Men, Could Fill
Old Indian Iat-The System Used at Department of State
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

any report which the depart
ment may make to the President
''Tt is plain that I cannot talk about
such a subject until the details are
complete and the whole matter has
been considered by the President.
Beyond that it is unwise to make
any statement, for it is liable to mis-
construction: and I wish to have it
distinctly understood that any state
ment on this subject purporting to
have come from me or frem this de-
partment is a fabrication.
when the proper time comes all
plans will be fully put before the
American people. 1t is their concern
and their right to know the conditions:
for whatever army we have they must
pay for, and the defense of the whole
country is the only thing which justi-
hes the existence of an army.
THE Constitution imposes upon the
government the duty of providing for
the common defense; and that places
upon Congress the duty and RESPONSE
bility of providing such an army as
may be necessary for that purpose. II
the Congress fails SO to do. it simply.
fails to do it's constitutional duty.
But, while / am unwilling to discuss
future plans there can. be no objection.
but rather a desire. to make known
any facts which mays be told without
harm. provided that pains are taken
ration
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

In accordance with the injunction Of
the Secretary of War the utmost care
has been taken to verify and state the
following facts:
To meet any invasiom from across the
ocean the army wouh require many
men. officers, field artillery, machine
guns, ammunition, aeroplanes, quar-
termaster's stores, tentage, uniforms.
shoes. blankets. horses, trains, hos
pital supplies and supplies for the SAM
tary. Signal and Engineers Corps.
If a war were forced upon us now.
or as soon as Europe RECEIVERS from
her present upheaval, is our present
military system up to date; and are
our supplies of trained men and of
munitions adequate?
Is it worth while to undertake the
trouble and expense of preparing for
defense; or il II better to trust to the
integrity and friendltness Of nations
which md that we have something
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

AA7 MUST refuse" says Secretary
OO III Garrison. "to discuss the needs
of the army the nature of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-15

SzHILE monarchical countries
N love to invest their Offices
and officers with all the in
sigma of power they can