davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
NEW YOMk rROnuCE MAKkrr

NtW 1DKk AuErst .h-Raw susan. firm
hnod hrm Butter. STEADY Choose a. sisI
Spot ,onec quiet. Rio No :, III: santos
scotton.ecd oil was quiet with price.
easier. despite light crude offerings owing
to too moor demand In general and local
professional selling. Much of the DAYS bus
iness was in tn" way Of switching. Final
prices were three TO five points net lower
sales. 800 .arrols. Prime crude nominal ::
prime summer yellow spot. $50: August
HSS; September 81: October 30; Novern-
hcr 80; December. 80: January so.
February, DC; March. sOi Prime wIntsr
yellow. 80: prime summer white s Ooffc So
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
CCyTo> NAn,;UrS

NEW YORK August ,o-Thnrc was
owing 20 as. ltionAl showers so,ithyyos, ~
.@ntInvauon ri 'hc rast"r ton" in Ii,crro"l
% fifteen points The market opoD.t
decline OF e!.m' points ana sold ten rcin,
The Western hsn forecast Tor c,",r;nr IN
ui':."s sHrEes'ca NAT Tho si.ow.rv spell
49,. ~" rly"r might pas, N!,Hcu, any
IN Snuih Texas. ana the mario, r,lliaa tom-
or ;.ye points from The iowesi dur it 'f tHs
tet:nsa - com" largely from Val 500.
49, -, 4" Sy"','s his was suppose. 10
fen"rhi conditions as roroo,e,i -, the s,rg, -,
~ -N n.a'ht' tud prospect, .ni large
genera. ~ aggressive ard ii. ,.-rk.. ,,. IL
enea again III 'ao afternoon owing a.
more E.n.ra rains IN Texas rncrs ,ng
r9oa Dc! q s.a.'crng liquidation on tie
a a. "h.ra carfioa rri.es lhor, :nu!tctr
NE c!oss was az pracuuauy tho low n"ti,
;hs 'h see 1f ' ijLs, safe ndi,a,ed ma,
; sn,,, t''n NJ H.. spo''s Of rains in H..
;,,,,.h "ss. aNs nc .'. market was again
olying; ~nier was one % mo trading ia.
WI, WI "a. .sS ~. ,ey prlenne ana Mem
orders w"r" receive 7tHern;s. from, SOM
a lI',,,,, ,he't vs. .l'ls ak % hedge ssl,is
o,..,.- 3a.a msa Low clo..
December ..... 80 tu tt,
January ......... t-g .-
Mach ........ :a7 $3.50 90. ~.
May ......... 20 tr.. .r.T ~.
spots, steady. ul!lGl!us u,I.,i 80
sales, - bales. '
M S5% E9E* 1 ,ises T. F", .,.ss
T,th today at an ior's-%.. rec.tp,
bales -'''
Total 20. we.k.Ne, r~cein,s 1927, oa les
exports. 22.isi bale.
Total FOR soa-on--Ne, receipts, ,, 81 bale.
exports 32S3! bales.
New ORLEANS Aurus, i0-Co,,on ,..,
under selling pressure during alTnds, all NJ
the days sessions the ut Of raIr g.
in- p"I. While the market feil or N.
decline Ma moderate. owing to reni!g!r.
by sCaipinE shorts At the lowest Us.rn
were eleven TO twelve points under y".'.r
days tnait. The close was at praCtirlu,
the lowest In carly trading the ruarkc
loSt nine 20 ten points. "a rush q! selrn,
beipr seen tho hr-t call Around M
middle o: the morning the demani ron
realizing shoTs was GOOD. and tho marko
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
POISON VICTIMS ESTATE
DEBTOR FOR BACK TAXES

Especial TO The Times Dspatch.l
HARRlSONBCRG. VA, August 10
The famous Nicholas poisoning case
Mhtch attracted so much attention
throughout the country three years ago.
is again in the public eye. Court ex.
aminers working under the new tax
laws have unearthed the fact that the
estate of the late George NJ. Nicholas
the poison victim, owes about $4,000 in
back taxes. which, according 10 the old
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
RICHMOND LIVE STOCK MARKET.
sales at Union stockya~ds)

'SaleS AT UNION StOCkya~ds
Richmond. Va, August ~. lai5
Best steers SGsi.: choice cattle higher:
medium to good. ''4us: common TO fair.
6%E7is: common to fair, 5'4Gsi4: bes, cows.
GT6's. medium To good. 5hn5T: common to
SEnst common to fair. sash: bes, bulls
,: light. '95ia; fresh cows. Si01s75: best vcals
sag: common lower, best sheen 81 siL .
medium to good. iTih: common 10 fair,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
PETERSBURG PEANUT MARKET

ptTTE :, 5y RodEers flummcr & Co.. Inc)
IT iERS BURG. VA. August ,c.-Spanigh-
r RAJ stock market quiet; frs, quality.
h~sbne Per 63m.,shel; off grade. soc 20 Soc per
weak; fancy Jumbo. 3i4c per pound .anc,
n ~ picked. SAC per pound: extra prime
per pound. ~ ~
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
NAVAL STORES
SANA ny

SANhNEAH. GA, August io-Turpentine
80 casks: shipments. 40 casks; stock. :! sia
casFs Eosin, firm: sales. 30! barrels; re
cclpts. 2"o burrels: shipments sol barrels
STOCK S9IH barrels. Quote: ABB CD :9j
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11

TOOK on a better tone. while active months
recovered 10 within three TO four points OF
Ncs'erdayS close Weather practically was
the only element taken into consideration
tpiurss closed steady. October. eos: Dc
remher. P33; January. ais. March OIL:
May. H"l. SPOT. quiet. unchanged Sales
on the spot. -9n bales. TO arrive 1875 bales
Mid,luc - ''o- '-''1'
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
DRY GOODS

NEW YORK. August lo-Cot,nn goods
1uiet and steady. Yarns quiet iarrr
'nn rs, have Teen booked by Italy 20, Goth
eng blankets for army purposes. and wooler
mills are running to nearly 70 per ccnt OF
capacity. The silk trade shows improve.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
RICHMOND HAY MARKET


VfIVNNO. Aucus' l0.-lI0E.. strong un
hanged to ten higher Bulk. ss.4oTs7.o5
liSl / ss.S5ns'.io: miNcd. ss.5Ts7so: heavy
- ioTS@o; rough. S5.ionSsN Cattle firm
native beef cattle. S5iOTst0.20; Western
steers. S.'0TS>.9 90; clives. s7.I5TEisn sheep
weak: sheep. isrnEiSs.!1; limbs g. .G0TI 50 q
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
SUMMER REsoRrs-vire,n,a
ELKTON HOTEL. ELKToN VA

YIN shenandoah River. Open Lowell
SIound, surrounded by mountains. Cool
mouse. hiSh ceilings. wide porchcs ELK
Lithia Water for rheumatism. malaria
HAM. Manager HNEA
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
Official Range and Sale Of Stocks in New York

'-t's SInCk.
500 Ais Chalmers
s,'Oo AlliS-ChalmcrS. pfd. -.
Am. Ayr. Chem. com.
$500 Amer. Beet Sugar. com.
$500 American Can
Amer. Can, pfd.
..o0 Amer: Car and Fdry.
400 american Cotton OIL.
100 Amer: Hide and Lea. pr.
90 american Linsccd Oil.
800 american Locomotive =.
Amer. Loco. pfd. 80.
:c.*0o American Smelling
90 american Snuff. com. =.
ZOO American Sugar
J,"oh Amer. Tel. ana Tel. Co.
40 American Tobacco, com
American Tobacco. pfd.
"'Non Anaconda Copper 800.
$500 AtIhiSon
200 Atlantic Coast Line.
\. 6, l.. OF Connecticut.
1900 Baltimore and Ohio.
800 bethlehem Steel Co. com
1000 Baldwin Loco.
british Amer lob Co.
200 BROOKLYN Rapid Transit.
100 Central Leather. com
/" 600 Canadian Pacific e. 1904
loo California Petroleum
'5nn chesapeake and Ohio.
geo Chicago Great Western
100 Chi. Great West. pfd
200 Chi. Mil. adj st. Paul.
$4,000 Crucihle Steel Cor. com
100 Cruciblc steel, pfd
/ 80" Colorado Fuel and Iron.
Colorado and Southern.
1000 Consolidated Gas
20" Corn Products. com 80.
e. n no en- and Rio Gran, COM.
$500 Erie, LIST pfd.
loo Fed. Min. and SIN, pfd =
200 ieenral Electric
1900 Goodrich
$500 Great Northern, pfl
900 Great Northern Ore cts.
ZOO Illinois Central
1000 lntcrboro-M Met
interhoro-Met., MD.
Loo Int. Harvestcr. com.
200 Int Paper. pfd .....
n.Sop Kansas City So. com.
ZOO i.chiEh Valley ..........
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
MISCELLANEOUS MARKETS

Si.nt; best lambs. S: common to good. sG7n
pest hoss. ~: sows and stays. 5n6.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
ASK MIR. BOWMAN"

For Information and rates to Caliror.
MIA Expositions before making ar.
engagements elsewhere. He can proba-
sly save you money. Tickets by rail
or water ~ al! points. Phone RAN
Yn.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11

THE WILTSHIRE Virginia Avenue ana
capacity $50; private baths running water
IN roorns elevator. ftnc porches. etc. music.
Sr"cia'-sl5.H up weekly 1890 up daily:
open all year: booklet: auto at trainn.
EAMUEt. ELLIS
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
CHICAGO GRAIN MARKET

CHICAGO. August i0-Torrrntirl rains In
parts Of Kansas and elsewhere southwest
mad good deal TO do with ralying the
market to-Gay. after carly decline.
Prices closed firm, = % Z above last night.
Corn gained ;. to 'sTH, net, and oats '. to s..
In provisions Ia" ituish ranged from 2i2
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11

1t is the most sanitary
hotel ever built.
Every floor is tile. The
rugs were all made in
France. The foods are the
finest that money can buy.
Kitchen walls are tiled
to the roof with white tile;
floors white mosaic tile.
The altitude makes 1t
cool in summer, and blank
cts are necessary at night.
Full information may he
had by inquiring at South
ern Railway offices.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
MD WOOL M,REFT

n.
The hide market has advanced again. and
hides are sian in good demand Wool has
also advanced little. owing to scarcity. It
Is very dangerous TO ship green hides in this
Kind Of weather, as they liable to spoil.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
RICuMOND CRAIN M,RKrr

Richmond, Va. Aurus, 10 lp:H
WttOI TSLIF GGOrATIoSS on CHANGE
WHEAT car lots
No rod. Western. new. ii "a
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
RICHMOND, PRODUCE MARKET.
WhOlesnlc Qm0tntlons
Nv Levy Commission Col
kIr hnnnG. VI Ancust n 10.

nlnckAve peas 40. / bushei "a 50 to 27s
MARKI:T CONDITION.
Ergs-Markst higher. receipts continue
extremely light. demand heavy. Poultry
Chickens remain active at prices quoted
hens active: market firm. Butter-Market
lower. NealS remain in good demand and
command top market p-ices. All other pro-
iUce in general active
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11
Grove P ark Inn
Sunset Mountain, Asheville, N. C.
Special Summer Rates

The finest resort hotel in the world. 1t is absolutely
freproOf. Remains open all the year.
The finest golf links in the South one hundred and
twenty in extent is 5000 yards and
with blue grass.
All water ut the Inn comes from the slopes OF
Mount Mitchell, highest mountain east the Rockies,
nearly 1000 feet altitude.
The milk come from the estate of the late
George w. Vanderbilt
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-11

NEW YORK. August io-MercHn,ila mana
"'7E5% Sterling. SiAly-day aiils s. .0cs; dc
Mand, SiTS31; cab!e!., A..". Bar silva: as.
Mexican dollars. 81. Call money. steady:
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20
SYRIAN PARISH
FATHER ABRAHAM ORGANIZES
ONE IN INDIANA.

Arrangements have been completed
by which Sunday services for the
Catholic Syrians of Michigan City,
Ind, will be held at st. Marys school.
Rev. Michael Abraham who recently
came to Michigan City from Quebec,
Can, is residing at st. Mary's paro-
chial residence and since his arrival
he has ministered to the Syrians who
number three hundred and seventy
one.
Father Abraham spent thirteen
years in Jerusalem, receiving his edu-
cation for the priesthood at the Latin
Patriarchal Seminary, after which he
was missionary at parish across
the Jordan, called Hessen Ageloun.
Before the outbreak of the European
war he secured a four-months' leave
of absence to visit Quebec, and he
did not return as it was not advisable
on account of the war. His visit to
Michigan City was occasioned by the
residence there of one of his former
parishioners, and, as the Michigan
City colony was anxious to have him
remain, he has decided to do SO I'M
til the close of the war, unless re-
called by his superiors.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20
MO 7 HER De LOE
NEW GENERAL OF THE RELIC
IOUS OF THE SACRED HEART
BELONGS TO DISTINGUISHED
FAMILY.

On February 90 the Reverend
Mother de LOe was elected General of
the Religious of the Sacred Heart by
the congregation assembled in Rome
The new Mother General was born in
the Rhineland of Belgian mother and
German father. Her family has long
been distinguished for it's interest in
the welfare of the Church, one of her
uncles, General de Loe, doing heroic
service for Catholics during the Kul-
turkampf. Mother de Loe, who was
educated at Blumenchal, Holland, has
had distinguished career. At TWEEN
ty-six she was mistress of novices in
Brussels; later, in 1889, she went to
Italy, where she held various impor-
tant offices, becoming first mistress
general of studies in an important con-
vent in Rome, then superintendent of
the same convent and mistress of
novices, too, and finally, in 1896, vicar
of all the Italian houses. On the death
of the lamented Mother Stuart, Mother
de Loe became vicar general, and now
the general congregation has conferred
upon her the high but difficult Office
of general. Is
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20

also exercise among the people that
ministry the habitual care of which
is reserved to the Bishop of Rome.
With reason, then, dearly beloved,
can we call you too Our co-operators, :"
and you will not be wrong in taking
for yourselves what We have just
said for the sacred orators who have
come here to be Our auxiliaries in
announcing the Divine word during
the lenten season.
I'VE know at the same time that
parish priests and sacred orators
alike, if their respective MINISTRIES
are to be made truly fruitful, need
more than aught else the help of the
blessing of God: Unless the Lord has
built the house they have laboured
in vain who built it Us. CXXIV), and
therefore We invoke it copious on
them both. May the blessing of God
iHumine the minds and infame the
hearts of the heralds of His holy
word in this Eternal City: Oh! may
it be as dew in developing and in
creasing tn good seed sown by them
in the souls of the faithful who listen
to them, so that to the sacredness of
their ministry my correspond the abun-
dance of it's fruit, and the children of
Rome, at the coming feasts of Easter,
may rejoice Us by participating more
largely to the holy sacraments.'
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20
OF MGR. O'CONNELL
UNCLE OF BISHOP o'coNNELL OF
RICHMOND WAS OLDEST PRIEST
IN BROOKLYN DIOCESE.

The Right Rev. Monsignor Joseph
P. O'Connell, pastor of the Church OF
st. Mary Star of the Sea, Brooklyn,
N. Y, died March 9. He was the old
est priest in the Brooklyn diocese.
He had been ill for five years, but
his illness took really serious turn
about three days before his death.
Monsignor O'Connell was born on
Christmas Day, 1882, in Cork, Ireland.
He studied in Paris, specializing in the
classics. He prepared for the priest
hood at the Propaganda College in
Rome.
He came to America shortly after
his ordination and settled in North
Carolina. For few years he and his
two brothers, who also were priests,
conducted college that was closed
by the outbreak of the Civil War
The Monsignor then became chaplain
of the Confederate Prison at Salisbury,
n. c., and served there until the end
of the war.
He came to Brooklyn after peace
had been declared and was appointed
assistant at the Church of Our Lady
of Victory. Later, he founded the
Church of st. Michael in that city
At the Third Plenary Council of Balti-
more he was theologian for Bishop
Loughlin. Twenty-six years ago he
was made rector of the Church of St
Mary Star of the Sea. He was for
many years examiner of the clergy
and one of the diocesan consultors.
Monsignor O'Connell was known as
a linquist. In his more active days
he translated number of French
books, mostly historical works, into
English.
Monsignor O'Connell's golden jubi-
lee of ordination was celebrated in
June, 1908, with civic and religious
ceremonies. There was parade of
5000 men through the streets of the
parish and the ceremonies continued
for three days.
Monsignor O'Connell is survived by
his nephew, the Right Rev. Denis j.
.O'Connell. Bishop of Richmond; his
sister, who is nun at Charlestown,
Va, and a niece who is a Sister of
Charity in Japan.
The funeral took place on March Is,
Bishop O'Connell of Richmond being
the celebrant of the Pontifical Re-
QUEEN Mass.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20

ETC., in Lent if they do not drink or
anything like that? 8. Can Catholics
dance on New Years or Christmas
nights?
l. Dancing on any night in Lent is
not in keeping with the spirit of the
Church during this holy season and
good Catholics should take the wishes
of the Church for their guide and not
indulge in this pastime no matter
how harmless it may be. ST. Patrick's
night does not differ in this respect
from other nights in Lent, though
many people, following custom that
is tolerated in certain localities, relax
the lenten austerities on that occa-
sion. 2. All social affairs of this
kind should be dispensed with during
Lent as they are out of harmony with
the spirit of the season. 8. In some
dioceses there is special prohibition
against dancing on these days and
where that exists it should be obeyed
by the faithful.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20
RELIGIOUS RECEPTION
TWO PoSTULANTS RECEIVE THE
HABIT AT THE MONASTERY OF
ST. DOMINIC, LA CROSSE, WIS.,,
AND ONE SISTER MAKES FINAL
VOWS.

On Sunday afternoon, March Z, a
religious reception and profession
took place at the Monastery of st.
Dominic, North La Crosse, Wis. Two
postulants received the habit of the
Order and one Sister pronounced her
final VOWS.
The postulants were Miss Mary Hy-
land of Minneapolis, Mimi, who will
henceforth be known in religion as
Sister Mary Dominic of the Rosary,
and Miss Mary Lusk of Chicago, H.,
who received the name of Sister Mary
Teresa of Jesus. Sister Mary Ray
mond O'Brien of New York City, pro-
nounced her final vows.
The ceremony was conducted by
Father O'Donovan, Chaplain of the
Monastery, who represented Bishop
Schwebach and delivered very in
structive sermon on the religious life.
The ceremony closed with Benedic-
ton of the Most Blessed Sacrament
in the monastery chapel which was
tastefully decorated for the occasion.
Mrs. M. Hyland and Miss M. Hyland
of Minneapolis, mother and sister of
Sister Mary Dominic, as we'll as a
large number of friends and patrons
of the institution were present.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20
DIVORCE WORSE
THAN CIVIL WAR
COURTS HAVE MADE MORE
WIDOWS AND HOMELESS Chill
DREN THAN DID ISToRIc
STRUGGLE.

Under the heading, Horrors of
Peace" the North American Review"
says:
About half million men persisted
in the Civil War. This meant that
there were thousands upon thousands
of newly created widows, and thou
sands upon thousands of fatherless
children in the United States, suffer
ing all the attendant and consequent
miseries resulting from violent sew
erance of the tenderest of human
ties. 1t must not be forgotten, how
ever, that from the close of the Civil
War to this day an even more CHASTITY
total has been added up, a greater
number of widows has been created
and much larger number of children
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20

T f
seek not SO much their temporal as
their spiritual welfare"
Persons contemplating marriage
should have sufficient guarantee that
they possess the ordinary means of
supporting themselves decently, and
of providing a respectable home for
themselves and their offspring"
we believe that the whole doctrine
of the modern eugenists is untenable
and unreliable. The laws of eugenics
are by no means established"
"Eugenics is tainted with the ma
.terialistic spirit of the age, placing
the spiritual and moral advantages
OF children in the background"
We would debar the feeble minded,
the insane, the degenerate and drunk
ards from marrying, not on the ground
of eugenics, but because they are in
capable of doing their duty toward
their children in regard to moral and
religious training"
Race suicide is one of the most de-
grading and deplorable evils of our
much-vaunted progressive age"
There are aspects of hygiene which
must be treated with the greatest
reserve and prudence. The proper
instructor is the father of the boy and
the mother of the girl. Or if the par
ents see fit they may entrust this in
struction to some discreet teacher
"Unquestionably, children should
seek advice from their parents in mar
riage affairs. Parents must, however,
take care not to abuse their God-given
authority by unreasonably interfering
in the marriage of their children
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20

have been rendered fatherless or
motherless in the horrors of our d.
vorce courts.
From 1887 to 1906 total of LIZA
S41 divorces were granted in the
United States. This means that g.
548,6S2 American husbands and wives
have been arrayed against one an
other in legal battle for the sever
ance of the tenderest of human ties.
The half million of men who sacrificed
their lives in the Civil War were con-
tending over. a great principle of gov
eminent and the question of slavery.
The records of our divorce courts
show that these two and one-half mil
lions of husbands and wives were
contending over the questions of
cruelty, desertion, adultery and drunk
enness."
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20

Judge A. B. Grace, Of the Circuit
Court. The letters point out that the
signers are familiar with the Catholic
convent here, know that it is open
to visitors at all reasonable hours,
that children of Protestant and
Catholic parentage attend, and that
in forty-tWo years no one would have
intimated that the Sisters of Charity
or the priests would be even remote
ly, guilty of anything that prompted
the Introduction. of the convent in
spection BILL which is characterized
as measure that will blacken the
good name of women who are devot-
ing their lives to the work of God
as they see it, wrong that will live
forever in the legislative history of
our State
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-03-20
STATIONS OF THE Cross.
CEREMONIAL DESCRIBED BY
MANY ANCIENT WRITER'S OF
THE CHURCH.

The origin of the institution of
what is known as the Stations of the
Cross" is lost in antiquity. In Ter
tullian, who wrote at the end of the
second century we find an apparent
allusion to them. ST. Hilary who as
sumed the Pontifcate in 461 and ST.
Gregory the Great who died in 604
may both be. mentioned for their or
dinances concerning these religious
functions, says Rome.
The Stations, then, in olden times
were solemn professions of clergy
and people on certain fixed days to
certain churches, for the purpose of
prayer and religious exercises.
The ceremonial is described by
many ancient writer's. The clergy
and people met first in a church not
far from that appointed for the sta
ton. Here the procession was formed.
In front went the cross-bearer, with
a particular cross, of which two are
still preserved at st. John Lateran
Next came the clergy in order Of
rank, with the Supreme Pontiff, how
ever, last and barefooted. The people
followed.
Arrived at the Station the Pope
entered the Sacristy, where His feet
were washed. Then He sang Holy
Mass, during which the officiating sub
deacon announced the next days sta
ton. The sacred functions over, the
Holy Father preached sermon to
his people. A great number of re-
markable homilies by illustrious
Popes were made in this way,
among others those by st. Gregory
the Great.
This ceremonial was continued
down to the 14th century. During
the Pope's absence at Avignon it
was altered and it was never after
words re-established. The Popes have,
however, never ceased to encourage
the practice of the stations, and even
to the most recent times, have issued
continual exhortations for their due
fulfilment.
Of the stational churches there
are eXtant four ancient lists; one of
the 9TH century, second of the 18th
and two others of the 18th. In all
substantial points these lists are at
one. We know, consequently that
the stations of the present day are
nearly always in the same locality as
those of the most ancient times.