davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-01-14
WHEN NEGROES SERVED FLAG.
Writer Gives Earlier Date Than Is
Cited by Mr.. Croggon.

To the Editor OF The star:
In the article of Mr.. James Croggon'
in The Sunday Star, it is stated that
.one hundred years ago the hrst colofeu
troops who ever served in the army OF
the United States won the commenda-
ton of Gen. jackson in the oattles III
and around New Orleans" This state
inert as to when the first coloreo
troops served in the army OF the
United States is incorrect. Bancrofts
History, vol. ". PIP. 152. 153, says: On
the first of January. 177S the tri-coi-
ored American banner, not yet span
gled with stars, but showing thirteen
stripes of alternate red and white IN
the field, and the united red and Wnlte
crosses of Saint George and Saint An
drew on blue ground in the corner,
was unfurled over the new continen-
tai army around Boston,, which, at
that moment of it's greatest weakness.
consisted of but $3.50 men. On that
the side of white men. In the Degln-
ming of the war they had entered the
provincial army; the hrst genera! or
der. which was issued by Gen. Ward
things, of "the complexion OF the
soldiers; and black men, like others.
were retained in the service after the
troops were adopted by the continent
feated in his attempt to compel their
discharge. In October. the conference
at the camp. with Franklin, Harrison
and Lynch. thought it proper to ex-
but Washington. at the crisis of his
distress, finding that they were very
much dissatisfied at being discarded,
reversed the decision and asked the ap-
pointed Wythe, Samuel Adams and
Wilson to deliberate on the question; !;
and. on the report of their able COM
mittee. they voted. that the free
the army at Cambridge might be re-
enlisted therein. but no Others" The
right of Tree negroes to take part In
the defense of the country having thus
est power. the limitation was lost sight
of. and they served in the ranks of
the American armies during every
period of the war.
to it's lowest point in numbers. Ban
croft states, in vol. vi. p. As, that "Var-
mum. a bl .gadier of Rhode Island. pro-
posed the emancipation of slaves in
ing in the army for the war. The
scheme, approved by Washington, and
by him referred to Cooke. the gov
ernor Of the state. was accepted. Every
ceived by law liberty to enlist in the
army for the war. On passing muster
he became free and entitled to all the
wages and encourag .ments given by
Congress to any soldier. The state
made some compensation to their
masters"
As the object Of this communication
is simply to correct the error of Mr..
Croggon as to when the first colOred
troops served in the army of the United
States, 1t is not necessary to refer to
the well known fact that negroes
FOUGHT at the battle of Bunker Hill.
taking part in common with the white
yeomanry of Massachusetts and other
states. Their services in the Union
army. during the civil war, are welI
known. ALBERT N. SEIP.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
IN AIR LESS THAN HOUR.
Winners of Army. Aerial Reconnais
sance Test Work Quickly,

The Official report Of the recent aerial
reconnaissance survey at San Diego by
army f1iers in their annual contest for
the army aviation cup shows that
Capt. Dodd and Lieut.. Fitz Gerald, the
winning team, reached an altitude of
1000 feet, and that while they were OBJ
serving the Invading enemy they flew
at a height of from $500 to 5000 feet.
The invaders" consisted of troops bor-
rowed from other branches of the serv-
ice.
The report shows that only f1fty-f1ve
minutes were consumed by the air
scouts from the time they first OBJ
served the enemy until they landed
at the reporting station. The invaders
were scattered at several points in a
triangular territory sixteen miles on
a side and in a rough and broken coun-
try, where the elevations varied from a
little below sea level to $500 feet.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
SAYS ARMY OFFICERS
REFUSED HIS INVENTION
Louis Gathman Tells Senate Commit.
tee He Offered High Explosive
to War Department.

Louis Gathman, the American in
ventor of the high explosive shells
Germany is using in her monster guns
which swept away the costly defenses
of Liege and Antwerp, told a minority
of the Senate committee on expendi-
lures in the War Department yesterday
be had been endeavoring to interest the
ordnance officials of the American War
Department for many years and made
no effort to give his invention to for
eign governments until it had been
repeatedly refused by American army
officers. He charged that the facts had
been suppressed by the ordnance hu-
reau.
Gathman said that in tests in 1897
before American ordnance officers his
shell had blown TO pieces six and ten
inch armor plates when merely leaned
against the steel and exploded. The whole
theory of shell fire had been SO changed
by the adoption of high explosive shells
in place of armor-piercing projectiles, he
said. that the coast defenses of the United
States virtually were useless because they
still used the latter type of projectile.
Displaced by Germany Years Ago.
Officers of the German navy, he said,
had Informed him that piercing
shells had been displaced upon German
war vessels years ago. and that the
Germans relied upon high explosives to
destroy ship on which their guns were
trained. 1t had been demonstrated. he
said, that armor-piercing shells had
never sunk ship. He cited the case
of the Maria Theresa, one of the Span
ish ships beached when she took fire
after her fight from Santiago.
Two twelve-inch armor-piercing shells
had struck the ship and exploded in
ner. he said. yet it was possible to
raise her and send her to the United
states. Navy officers had testified. he
said. that had high explosive shell
struck the vessel the whole stern
would have been torn off,
Gathman also attacked the coast. de,
tense mortars, on which the United
States. he said, had expended 100000 :
400. These, he said. have range of
only six miles, use only armor-pierc-
ing shells and cannot pierce armor at
mile, as majority of the blows
would be glancing. Equipped with high
explosive shells, he said, their fire
would be deadly.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
CHURCH MERGER TERMINATED.
New York Congregation, Of Which
Ronkefellers Are Members, Acts.

NEW YORK, January 1.-THE con-
gregation of the Fifth Avenue Baptist
Church, of which John D. Rockefeller
and his son, John D. Rockefeller, jr..
are prominent members, decided at a
meeting last night to terminate the
merger with the Calvary Baptist
Church, which had been maintained
tentatively for almost a year.
The Rev. Cornelius Woelfkin. who
had been officiating at the union serv-
ces at Calvary Church, will resume
services now in his own church.
John D. Rock efeller, jr.. attended the
meeting last night and afterward de-
clined to comment on the action of the
congregation beyond asserting that he
was in perfect accord with it.
Recently Calvary Baptist Church
voted to continue the merger as long
as the Fifth Avenue Church might
elect.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
Better Car Service Saturdays.

ten-minute service on the Benning
division Of the Washington Railway and
Electric Company will be operated here
after on Saturdays. according to notice
given the public utilities commission to-
day by the company. The service, which
goes into effect next Saturday. will be
maintained between the hours Of 9 am.
and a pm. The company was recently
notified by the commission that observa.
ton made Of conditions on this line indi.
Gated that an insufficient number Of cars
were being operated to care for the Satur-
day traffic.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
CHANGE IN THE PLANS
I. FOR BIG NAVAL PARADE
Vessels Are to Rendezvous at Canal
Instead of in Hampton
Roads.

Approval by Congress of change ir
plans for the cruise of the Atlantic
feet and visiting foreign warships te
San Francisco to celebrate the opening
of the Panama canal is all that is
needed to make the program for the
event complete.
' When Congress authorized the cruise
it was expressly provided that the
United States should invite maritime
nations of the world to send naval YES
sells to the exposition and have them
rendezvous at Hampton roads The
European war l..ade that feature i'm
possible and the program has been
changed.
Go Direct to Canal.
Secretary Daniels has announced that
roads the vessels will proceed directly
to Cristobal, at the entrance to the ca
nal, and pass through to the Pacific
side at stated intervals.
The Secretary pointed out that the
isthmus would be a more convenient
gathering place both for the American
fleet and the few visiting vessels that
will participate. Thus far only Spain,
Portugal, Argentina and Cuba have ac-
cepted invitations.
The program mas. been worked out in
the confident belief that passage
through the canal will be possible, al
though Col. Goethals has given notice
that he cannot guarantee it on account
of difficulties occasioned by earth
slides.
Date for Canal Passage.
February 26 is fixed as the date for
the passage of the vanguard of the At
lantic fleet. Other vessels will go
through day by day until March 10,
when President Wilson is due to arrive
on the battleship New York and trans
fer to the old Oregon for the trip
through the canal.
All the plans have been framed par
ticularly with view to interfering as
little as possible with the winter ma
neuvers and drills of the Atlantic fleet
Two weeks will be saved by changing
the place of rendezvous.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
Gen. Robert G. Shaver Dead.

LITTLE ROCK, Ark. January H.
Gen. Robert G. Shaver, eighty-f1ve
years old. brigade commander in the
Confederate army. died early today at
Foreman, Ark. At the outbreak of the
civil war he was made a colonel and
assumed command Of his brigade when
the commander was killed at the battle
Of Shiloh. Gen. Shaver was twice
wounded at Shiloh.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
Pope May Deal With War.

ROME, January 14.-Pope Benedict
will hold consistory January 22. No
new cardinals will be created. The i'm
portant event during the consistory
will be an allocution in which it is be-
lieved Pope Benedict will deal with the
European war.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
TO AWAIT FULL REPLY.
q. S. Sends Note to Britain Regard.
ing Cargo Detention Protest.

Secretary Bryan has addressed note
Ambassador Page, at London, acknowl-
edging the British preliminary reply to
the American note of protest regarding
detention of American cargoes by Brit
ish cruisers. The American note is short
and merely expresses the intention of
the United States to await the supple
mentary British note
Evening star., 1915-01-14
WANTS PUBLIC WORK
TO HELP UNEMPLOYED
Early Beginning Of Improvements
Urged at Meetin gof Ana
costa Citizens.

! A suggestion was presented at tht
January meeting of the Anacostia Citi'
I zens' Association, last night, in it,
| meeting rooms on Nichols avenue
southeast, whereby some relief nigh,
\ be given the unemployed in the Dis.
tricts Thomas E. Reardon, who pre-
sented the matter, called attention to
the large amount of money appropri-
ated at the last session of Congress for
District improvements, and said that in
his opinion some should be expended at
this time creating work for a large
number.
He called particular attention to the
. delay in the improvement of Nichols
avenue in Anacostia, and said that II
this work were started several hun
dred men would be given employment
Some of those present agreed with Mr.
Reardon's remarks, but because OF
several explanations that were offered
as to why the work was not done at
this time no action was taken on the
question.
Must Pay Assessments.
A letter was read from the corpora
tion counsel Of the District relative to
the assessment against the property
owners along Nichols avenue because
of the improvements to be made, to
the effect that the owners would be
assessed for part of this work in ac-
cordance with the Borlapd amendment.
There was $4,000 appropriated for the
work, and the citizens felt that this
was sufficient to pay for the entire
project Mr.. Syme wrote that while the
money appropriated will likely be SUI
ficient, the owners must be assessed
afterward according to law. In connec-
tion with the special assessment
against property owners much discus
sion was held regarding the levylng OF
these assessments before the work was
done.
1t was reported that Galen street
would receive repairs as it needed them.
but that there were not Sufficient
houses on that street at present to
warrant a permanent improvement.
To Establish Traffic Lines.
1t was also announced that traffic
lines would be established at the cor
ner of Nichols avenue and Good Hope
road. These lines were requested oy
the association several months ago, be-
cause of the fact that it is difficult for
drivers of vehicles to determine the
proper turning point there.
1t was reported that the roadway OF
Nichols avenue was in PAD co.iol.ion
at the present time because OF some
improyement work and the bad wealth
er.
w. r. Randy and Frank D. Crawford
were elected to membership. DR.. James
A. Watson, vice president, conducted
the meeting in the absence OF PRESIDENT
Charles r. Burr.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
District Judge Drops Dead.

MONTPELIER. VT, January IA
James L. Martin. United States district
Judge for Vermont, dropped dead at q
railway station here today.
Evening star., 1915-01-14

Mrs. Phoebe Elliott Randolph, wife of
DR.. Robert L. Randolph, professor in
the medical faculty of Johns Hopkins
University. at Baltimore. died at her
home In that city after an illness of
two or three years. She was born in
Evening star., 1915-01-14
SPIRITUALISM.

KEEI.E!;. KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR
Slate Writing. is in town for short tiuie. and
may be consulted daily at 1862 Parkwood place
14t st. car. Phone Columbia 2:7o.
MRS. ]. f.. MALTBY KENOiS BLpG.. Iith
and NV. Room 4Os Meetings Wed. and
FRI. 1880 pm; a message to each. Daily
ALFRED H. TERRY. PSYCHIC AND HEALER
can be interviewed daily at lai O Ct. n.e.
Phone Linen. 1877. Meeting Thunday evening
et o'clock. "A reading to each. 1os,
Evening star., 1915-01-14

Pre-eminently the Florida Route,
Atlantic Coast Line.
IN. Y. & Florida Special $40 pm. 4
trains daily. 1406 New York ave. NV
Evening star., 1915-01-14

Former Senator Charles ]. Faulkner
of West Virginia was operated on in
Baltimore yesterday. and is reported as
doing very well.
Evening star., 1915-01-14
Invest in
First Trust Real Estate Notes
Bearing 51a and E per cent
snforoe&

Sa1 11f6 oZ2 df1o . PCT CCIlL
interest.
The safest Investment on earth and the o,,,
Investment that does not ductuate on account d
4 change in the stock or money markets. All oi
fore they are offered to you. We collect the n
terest and see that the taxes are paid free n
charge.
Consult Us about any size invsstmea. fron
$500 up.
Your adviser Will tell You that this d II,
safest and best way to make your mouey eafI
money.
SHANNON & LUCHS
713 18th St. NV.
Investment Department.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-15
POINT GAME D BY
STATE. IN TRIAL
Copies of CanvaSSing Sheets
Are Admitted as Evidence
in Bell Case.

INDIANAPOLIS Ind. Sept. 1.-THE
defense in the trial of Mayor Bell,
charged with election conspiracy, lost
a point at the very outseC of the in
PRODUCTION of evidence today, when
Judge Eichhorn admitted in evidence
copies OF the canv, ssing sheets of the
primaries of 1914 and other docu-
mentS.
Atty. Charles w. Miller, for the de-
fense. objected TO copies of the can
vassing sheets being introduced. He
said that the defense had had exam
ined part of the documentary evi-
dence to be produced and urged the
introduction Of the original sheets.
He cOntended that the state was not
producing the documents the defense
had examined.
Special pros. Roach argued
that copies hal always been prima
facie evidence and Judge Eichhorn
sustained his point.
Harry O. Chamberlain, progressive
m I'm ber of the election commission of
1914 the first witness, was placed on
the stand 10 identify the copies of the
canvassing sheets. Atty Miller asked
him whether there had been erasures
on the sheets before or after he had
signed them and he said ne did not
know.
Atty. Miller said the matter of cras-
ures formed part of the reason for OBJ
Jecting to the evidence, but Judge
Fichhorn ruled that Chamberlain had
signed the documents as Official docu-
mentS and as he was not able to say
there had been changes. the tally
sheet should be permitted as evidence.
Chamberlain could not say when the
erasures and interlienations were made
although he had a pretty good idea.
The court oVerruled Miller's repeat
ed objections and in this way Pros.
Roach got the returns from all wards
in To the records. Chamberlain ad-
mitted he could not tell what part of
the canvassing sheets he had read be-
fOry signing them. and Miller finally
suggested that all the documents be
offered as a whole with the defense
beinS granted the right to offer OBJ
jectiOns later
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-15
ALLIES SPENDING
q MILLION 4 DAY
Great Britain Has Nearly f.
100000 Men to Oppose
Teut0niC Forces.

LONDON, Sept. 15.-The cost of
carrying on the war against Germany
has risen to $21, 100000 a day. Of
fetal announcement to this effect was
made in parliament today by Premier
Asquith.
Premier Asquith made an important
statement in the house of commons
upon the war situation in Great Brit
ain in which he admitted that for
three weeks the recruiting figures
have been falling off. This statement
was regarded as extremely significant
in view of the possibility of conscrip-
ton.
The premier moved a new vote of
credit which, taken with the credits
already voted, amounts to $6,31G,O00,-
600 in the aggregate.
Discussing the situation in the the
aters of war Premier AsqUith declared
that the allies positions in Belgium
and France have been greatly
strengthened and that reinfOrcements
have been sent 70 the Dardanelles to
help in another great effort to force
the way to COnstantinople Praise
was given the Russians for their abil-
ity to retreat with an unbroken front
before the advance of the Teutonic
legions
Premier Asquith did not give way
TO exaggerated optimism. on the
contrary he said:
Victory will very likely incline to
the side that can arm itself the best
and which can stay the longest and
that is what we propose to do We
have vastly exceeded any standard
dreamed of before the war began, and
as the war has gone on that standard
has been raised"
AS to recruiting, it was announced
that 5000. 600 men have enlisted since
the war began. These figures show
that If all these men are equipped
for service, England has nearly A.
0OO,G men under arms
1t was also stated that the work Of
national registration is incomplete.
This has been regarded as paving the
way to cOnscriptiOn.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-15
GERMANS CONTINUE
TO GAIN IN POLAND
Berlin Report Tells of the Capture of
1000 Russian PrisO-
neFS.

BERLIN. sept 10 Cby wireless) -
Despite the violence Of the Russian
counter attacks and the stubbornness
of Russian defence, the Germans con-
tlnue TO advance in Poland. In south
ern Poland the Russians that are re-
treating toward Pinsk are being hot
ly pursued by the armies OF Field
Marshal Won Mackenzen.
The official statement Of the Ger
man war office. issued today. states
that the Schtschara river has been
reached by the troops of Field Mar
shall Won Hindenburg and that fur
ther south the Russians have been
driven across the Schtschara by the
forces of Prince Leopold OF Ba-
ravia.
South Of the Niemen Field Marshal
Won Hindenburg's armies took 900
more prisoners.
1t is also officially announced that
Field Marshal Won MackenZen's men
have taken 700 more prisoners.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-15
BOY BORR0WS WHEEL AND
FORGETS TO RETURN IT
Apprehension of NIishawaka Boy
Charged With Larceny Raises

III someone should ask you to lend
him your auto so that he could ride
home to dinner and you should do so
and he would then take the auto to
Niles or some place else and sell IL.
what could you do about IT? Such
a question has been raised in the
case of Everett Mccullough, IA years
old, MishaWaka, who has been taker.
in custody upon the complaint Of
Chester McClen, S. Lafayette ST.
McCHen has filed an affidavit in the
juvenile court charging the McCul-
.lougn boy with larceny.
1t is said that the boy became
friendly with the pia:nt1ff, borrowed
a bicycle of him and then forgot to
return it. Later he was seen by the
plaintiff and was arrested. Investiga-
ton has shown that the Mccullough
boy some time ago got acquainted
with a River Park boy from whom
he borrowed a bicycle one day TO ride
home to dinner. Instead &C returning
the wheel however, Mccullough rode
to Niles, where he sold it. The legal
question seems to be whether or not
i'm such a case there was intention 10
defraud in the beginning.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-15
Note Stating KaiSer'S Govern
ment Believes Mine Was
Cause, is Now on Its
Way to Washington.
EVIDENCE TN ARABIC
CASE Is SENT BERLIN
Part of German Note May be
Withdrawn When State
mentS in Case Arrive
in Germany.

BERLIN. via Amsterdam, Sept. 8.
a AMBASSADOR Gerard today forward
ed 10 Washington a note regarding
the sinking OF the Allan liner Hes
perian which was handed TO him yes
terday by Herr Won Jagow, the Ger
man foreign minister. The note sets
forth the fact that the German gov
ernment dos not credit the reports
that the 4esperian was destroyed by
a submarine.
The Overseas News Agency today
made public the following statement
on the Hesperian affair:
Although all the submarines
which were out at sea on Sept. have
not returned, it seems practically
certain that the Hesperian was not
sunk by a German submarine. No
German submarine on that critical
day was In the waters where the Hes
perian sank, according TO the Official
list of their disposition.
Besides, the effects of the eXplo-
sion were such as to make il more
likely that a mine and not torpedo
sfrucr tho Hesperian. This is con-
firmed 10y the fact that the explosion
occurred against the bow and that
two front bulkhcads filled with water.
"If according to the news. one man
of the crew pretends TO have seen a
submarine. this means nothing, as the
explosion occurred at S:45 p. m, when
IL was dark. and invariably Ia recent
cases which have been established as
mine accidents, several so-called
eve witnesses pretended to have
seen the periscOpe of submarine.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-09-15
ENEMY RETREATS
SAYS PETR0GRAD
Entire AuStrO-German Right
Wing Reported in Danger
Gus Position.

PETROGRAD. Sept. 1.-Two sud
son aankine movements by the Rus
sian troops have put the entire Aus
tro-German right wing IN dangerous
position which threatens with disaster
the great Teutonic invasion OF Rus-
sia according TO the latest reports re-
ceived by the war office.
South OF the Pripet marshes large
German forces are hurriedly retreat
ing. pursued by the Russians, VINO
have crossed the Niemen river and
are pressing forward Still further
south the Austro-Ge German troops
forced 10 withdraw 10 the Styrpa river
are finding il difficult TO hold their
positions.
In the hghting OF the last three
davs more than $4,000 prisoners have
been taken by the Russians. The
Austro-German armies are believed TO
have lost thrice that number IN killed
and wounded.
Gen Ivanoff. commander or the
southern Russian army. has executed
a brilliant piece Of strategy, according
90 the Petrograd military experts.
Permitting the Austrian and German
forces 10 advance 90 the LutZk-Dubno
line ne suddenly launched an Of
fensive against the Teutons' left flank
from the Pripet marshes, at the same
time. making "a similar attack on the
enemy's right from the Sereth river
positions
The Austro-German salient extend
ing into Russian territory from north
eastern GaHcia Immediately found
Itself in great dihculty. Retreating
was found necessary. That retreat is
now in progress Only part OF the
reUton army has been able 20 eXtri-
cate Itself. however.