Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-05-18


tanS where they lived refugees for time, until, IN
1872 through the efforts of William II. Thomas, am
Influential trader, they received permission to remain
lands apart FOR their in west North Carolina
They constitute the present eastern band Of Cherokee.
residing chiefly the Quala reservation III Swain and
jackson counties. with several outlying settlements
The Cherokee IN the Cherokee nation were Tor years
divided hostile factions those who favored and
those who had opposed the treaty Of removal Hardly
had these differences been adjusted when the civil
burst upon them. Being slave owners and surrounded
by southern Influences large part of each of the Five
IYlZcd Tribes OF the territory enlisted IN the service OF
the confederary while others adhered to the national
government The territory OF the Cherokee over
run IN turn by both armies and the close of the war
found them pro>uatcd. BY treaty in 1866 they Were
rcadmcd 10 Jhe protection of the United States, but
obliged to hborate their negro slaves and admit them
TO equal citizenship. In 1867 and 1870 the Deawarr>
and 'ShaWnec>. respectively, numbering together about
l75O admitted from Kansas and incorporated with
the nation In 1889 the Cherokee commission was
created for the purpose of aboShmg the tribal govern
ment and opening the territories to white settlement
with the result that after 10 years Of negotiation
agreement was made by which the government of the
Cherokee nation to final end March 3, 1906. the
Indian lands divided and the Cherokee Indians.
native and adopted, became citizens of the United
States.
lWolf) AnI-Kawi (Deer Ami Tsi skwa (Bird), Ami wad
Pant), Anl-Sahani, Ani-Gatagewi Ani-Giah The
names OF the last three not be translated with
certainty There IS evidence that there aucicntly
H. winch by extinction absorption have been reduced
10 their present number The Wolf elan is the largest
and most important The "seven clans are frequently
mentioned IN the ritual prayers and in the printed
laws Of the tribe They seem to have had a connection
with the seven mother towns of the Cherokee de-
Scnbed by Cunning in 1870 having each chief
whose Office was hereditary in the female line.
The Cherokee are probably about
as at any period their history With the exception Of
estimate in $780, which placed them at about 10000
most OF those up 10 recent period gave them T. 900
l4OOO and N 1888 they were computed at only 300
The majority OF the earlier estimates probably too
low as the Cherokee occupied extensive territory
that only part of them came in contact with the
whites. in IOo Governor johnson estimated them at 60
villages and at least 500 men" In 1715 they were
officially reported TO number l,20 Upper 276O; Mid
de $3.50 Lower, 2100), including 1000 warriors and
Vmg IN b0 villages Upper, 49, Middle 3d. Lower IL.
In l'2O they were estimated to have been reduced to
about 10000 and again in the year reported at
about 1880 including about $500 warriors Governor
JohnSons Rep in Rivers op. cit, SO, a. 1O3 1874 In |
1929 they estimated at 20000 with at least 5000
warriors and "a towns and villages (Stevens Hist Ga |
Lhey are sand TO have lost 1000 warriors in I739 from
smallpox and rum and they suffered steady decrease
during their wars with the whites, extending from 1860
until after the close of the Revolution Those i'm their
original homes had again increased to 1852 at the time
OF their forced removal to the west in 1888 but lost
nearly one-fOurth on the Journey 81 perishing in a
steamboat accident on the Mississippi Those already i'm
the west before the removal were estimated at about
bOOO The civil war in 1S6l-65 again checked their
progress, but they recovered from its effects in re-
of whom about OOO were in Indian Territory together
with about 5000 adopted Whites negroes Deawares and
Shawnees while the remaining 1000 were still I'm their
ancient homes the east. OF this eastern band 376
were on QUala reservation Swain and Jackson couu
ties North Carolina about 800 on CheoWah river i'm
Graham county. North Carolina while the remainder all
OF mixed blood are scattered east Tennessee North
Georgia, and Alabama. The eastern band lost about 300
by smallpox at the close of the civil war In 1902 there
were officially reported 2S0l6 persons Of Cherokee
blood including all degrees of admixture in the Chero
kee nation III the Territory but this includes several thou
sand individuals formerly repudated by the tribal
courts There were also living in the nation about 3 600
adopted negro freedmen more than 1000 adoptcd
whites, and about LOO adopted Delaware Shawnee and
other Indians. The tribe has larger proportion of
white admISture than any other of the Five Civilized
Tribes james Money of the Bureau of American
EthnoogyJ
An important Muskogean tribe closely related TO the
hoctaw IN language and customs although the two
tribes were mutually hostile. Aside from tradition the
earliest habant attraceabe for the Chckasaw is north
Mississippi. Their villages in the eighteenth century
'entered about Pon0toc and Union counties wberc the
eadWaterS OF the IOmbgbee those of Yazoo river
and ITS atfluent the Tallahache about where the DE
Soto narratives place them in 1910 under the name
-mcaza. Their main landing place on the MiSsissppi
was at Cmckasaw Bluffs the site of Memphis
Tenn, whence trail more than 100 miles long led to
heir villages They had two other landing places farther
Up the Mississippi Adar who for many years was a