East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1915-08-07
portland oregonian.)


The history Of Warsaw from. the
18th century onward is intimately
connected with that Of Poland The
precise date Of the foundation Of the
town is not known, but it is suppos-
ed that Conrad Duke of Mazovla. err
ected a castle on the present site of
Warsaw as early as the ninth CEN
tury.
Casimir the Just is supposed to-
have fortified It in the 18th century
but Warsaw is not mentioned in an
nails before 1924.
Until 1925 It was the residence Of
the Dukes Of Mazovia, but when
their dynasty became extinct it was
annexed to Poland.
When Poland and Lithuania were
united, Warsaw was chosen as the
royal residence, Sigismund Augustus
(Wassa) made it in 1850 the real cap
ltal of Poland, and from 1872 on
wards the election of Kings of Poland
took place on the field Of Viola, on
the west outskirts of the city.
From the nth century possession
Of the city was continually disputed
| between the Swedes, the Russians, the
Brandenburgers and the Austrians
Charles Gustavus, of Sweden, took Il
in 1855 and kept it for year; the
Poles retook 1t in July, 1856, but lost
it again almost Immediately.
Freedom Regained in 1902.
Augustus II and Augustus III did
much for its establishment, but it
had much to suffer during the war
with Charles XII of Sweden, who
captured 1t in 1902; but in the fol-
lowing year peace was made and 1t
became free again.
The disorders which followed the
death of Augustus III in 1853 opened
the field for Russian intrigue and in
1854 the Russians took possession OF
the town and secured the election OF
Stanislaus Poniatowski. which led in
1873 to the first partition Of Poland,
! In November 1894, the Russians took
II again. after a bloody assault on
Praga, but the next year, in the third
partition Of Poland. Warsaw was
given to Prussia.
In November, 1906, the town was
occupied by the troops of Napoleon,
and after the peace of Tilsit (lSOD
was made the capital of the inde-
pendent Duchy of Warsaw, but the
Austrians seized it on April 81, 1903,
and kept possession of it till June 2
when It once more became independ'
ent. The Russians finally took II
February s. 1913.
i On November 20. 1890 Russia
gave the signal for unsuccessful in
surrection, which lasted nearly one
year, The city was captured after
/ great bloodshed by Paskeyich, Sep
tember 2, 1881.
Military Rule Severe.
Deportations on a large scale, exc
! cutions and confiscation of the do
mains of the nobility followed, and
until 1856 Warsaw remained under
severe military rule
In 1852 a series of demonstrations
began to be made in Warsaw in ia
vor of the independence of Poland
and after a bloody repression a gem
eral insurrection followed in Janu-
airy, 1868
The Russians, however, remained
masters of the situation. Executions
banishments to the convict prisons OF
Siberia and confiscation of estates
followed. Deportation to Siberia and
the interior of Russia followed on an
unheard of scale. Scientific societies
and high schools were closed; mon
asteries of Russian officials were
called in to fill the administrative
posts and to teach in the schools and
the universities; the Russian language
was made obligatory in all official
acts, in all legal proceedings and ev-
en- TO a great extent in trade.
The name of Poland was expunged
from official writings, and, while the
old institutions were abolished, the
Russian tribunals and administrative
institutions were introduced. the
serfs were liberated
Much rioting and lawless bloodshed
took place in the city in 1905 and
| 1906.