davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31

Germany before the war there were
723 factories making imitation coffee,
while in Belgium similar establish
ments were producing 120,O00,000 pounds
of such coffee per annum.
There are establishments in Brazil
that make business of polishing COT
fee and dressing it up for the market.
have visited some of these in Rio de
Janeiro. Different countries like diff
ferent coffees and some have peculiar
fancies as to taste and color. Much of
the coffee used in South Africa is dark.
The olive green beans of Brazil are
turned around in a great mill so that
they come in contact with colored
powder that gives them the hue of the
coffee desired by Africa Other coun-
tries like their coffee yellow and others
think that the green should be brighter
than that which nature has given it.
All of this is easily regulated by the
addition Of coloring matter. which may
or may not be to the advantage of the
product AS for me 1 prefer my coffee
as the Lord paints 1t.
And what is the natural color of cof-
fee?
The most of that which comes here
to Santos is a rich olive green, having
more or less of a yellow tinge as the
coffee grows older.
AS the coffee comes into Santos it is
rough rather than smooth. 1t is in
this shape that it is sent to the United
States. Some other countries want
their coffee polished, and Brazil has
factories which shine the beans as you
shine your silver. The polishing is
done by delicate brushes worked by
machinery. When finished the beans
are perfectly smooth, having a polish
like Jade.
1 am surprised at the changes that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31

tent that they aroused suspicious and
on many occasions these professors of
crucifed. During the latter days of
pagan Rome the code Of law devotes
a whole title to the subject of witch
craft.
gress in the good opin on of the Chris
tian. AS soon as the last Of his perse-
cutors had laid aside the sword, he at
once seized 1t and set about harassing
the witch with zeal that has never
altogether relaxed.
The ecclesiastical measures of repres-
sion grew more and more severe as
Christianity spread. Canon law de-
creed that all soothsayers be subjected
to accommodation and it enjoined
the bishops to leave no stone unturned
for the repression of these servants of
Satan. Finally the ever increasing
prestige Of witchcraft assured for It
the anathemas Of the inquis!t on.
Then began series Of prosecutions of
unexampled horror. enduring for more
which have scarcely died away today.
A little before these prosecutions be-
gan the most famous witch of all
times tin was ,d burned at stake take in the
circumstance of indignity and cruelty
This was Jeanne d Arc. who INDUCED
in the popular practices of witchcraft,
as they were then known to the ex-
tent that she claimed she heard voices
and saw visions from heaven.
The burning of the Maid of Orleans
by her tormentors dimmed for GEN.
turtles the halo which surrounded her
efforts to free her. country. Her repu
tation as sorceress and hereto
overshadowed her greatness as a pa
trfot and for many years the romance
Of her experiences was lost on pub
lie mind that was stepped in supersti
ton and fear.
The witch mania became prevalent in
were circulated. People developed
all kinds of foolish ideas. The
tale Of John Bulls wife is a good Illus
tration of a witch story Of the times.
She was accused Of having conceived
a cruel hatred and malice sainst one
Adam Clark, and with having used all
unholy means to be avenged upon him.
On November night in 1906, between
IL o'clock and midni yht-even now the
witches fateful hour-she entered his
house in the form of black cat, &C
companied by a number Of other cats,
and made a great and fearful noise, at
ened almost to madness. Immediately
afterward the devil appeared in the
likeness of black man. seized the
servants nightcap and threw 1t into the
fire, and then dragged her up and down
the house. AS a result OF this mid
night visit the entire household of
Adam contracted a great illness, which
lasted for six weeks.
This and a number of similar SOCIAL.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31
HALL OWEEN WITCHES OF MANY LANDS.

ed crimes brought John Bulls poor
wife to trial, and she was ordered by
her Judges to be strangled at the stake
and her body to be burnt to ashes
The next twenty years were filed
with sorrowful record of witch trials
which were similar in essentials. Tie
belief in witchcraft seemed to carry
with it a belief in the efficacy of perse-
cution as it's cure. Though all of the
ensuing years of witchcraft were alike
in details of both practices and perSe-
cutions, there is one group too strik-
ingly connected with United States his
tory to be omitted. This is the case of
the New England colonies, where
w'tchcraft ragged n all of its horrible
detail in the seventeenth century. Witch
executions were made at ever decreaS
Ing intervals as the mania grew a~d
entire families were tortured in a man.
ner 80 grievous that 1T would have
broken a heart of stone to have seen
their agonies."
The stories are SO numerous that it
would take a volume to tell them. One
Of the most interesting. which reads
more like Grimm fairy tale than a
literal account of a courts charges, is
the case of Susanna Martin, one of the
famous witches" of Salem village.
During her trial one of the witnesses
testified that. being in bed on the
Lords day night he heard "a scrubbing
at the window, whereat he then saw
Susanna come in and jump down on
the floor" He continued to relate how
she took hold of his feet and drew his
body into a heap and held him SO that
he could neither speak or stir for two
minutes. At length he caught her hand
and bit three of her fingers to the
bone. Then she ran down stairs and
out of the door. Snow was lying on
the ground and drops of blood were
found upon 1T. but the marks of her
feet were found only at the threshold.
There was no sign of them any further
off. She was supposed to walk with
dry feet when otter peoples would
have been wet. On this and sim lar
other charges the poor Susanna was
executed. and her enemies expressed
themselves satisfied with their revenge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31

hitter as death and as sweet as love-
There are variations in tastes, and
few Americans will agree with this
prescription Nevertheless. the coffee of
Brazil. as served in the restaurants, is
excellent. 1t is sold IN small cups about
the size of an after-dinner coffee cup
and is commonly drunken without
cream or milk. One of the authorities
making good coffee. The beans must
be well roasted. not underdone and not
burnt. After that they must be ground
fine and the powder placed in clean
cotton bag over the coffee pot. Fresh
boiling water must then be poured in.
and the vessel containing the mixture
must be kept in a hot place during the
pouring. This should last from three to
five minutes. Coffee is not good if it
is made in overlooked water, and it will
not be good if the water is not at the
boiling point when used.
*
The only way to be sure of getting
good coffee is to buy it in the bean
and brown and grind it yourself A
great deal of ground coeffe is adulter-
ated. You can sometimes tell whether
this is so by throwing some of the pow
der into glass of water. Pure coffee
will float and the adulterated material
will sirk. Coffee is sometimes colored
with bluing or indigo. You may learn
- ti.iS 10 81 pS putting TUG cohee mo
tepid water. If the water is discolored
the coffee is not right.
There are factories all over the world
that make coffees that are more or less
adulterated. There were ], 800 such fac
tories In Europe, before the war began,
and with the higher prices since then
the number has probably increased. In
1905 Italy had twenty-three factories
that made coffee substitutes, ard Aus
tria- Hungary had no less than 412 max
ing fig coffee alone. Of these 142 used
chicory and fourteen used barley. In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31

have taken place in Santos since my
last visit 1 visited this port in 1898.
It was then known as the White Mans
Grave 1t reeked with yellow fever
and death stalked the streets 1t is
now one of the most healthful cities OF
the tropics. Following the wonderful
revolution in sanitary matters. brought
abo,-t by our work at Panama, which
has gone on over Brazil. Santos filled in
the swamps about the water front, and
destroyed the mosquito breeding area.
1t put in a new drainage system. in
augurated a government water supply
and as a result made the town almost
as healthy as a mountain village. The
city has built about three miles of first
class docks and has practically recon
structed the business section. 1t hae
paved the streets with asphalt, and laid
down sidewalks of concrete.
The town is now wonderfully clean
and well kept The buildings are OF
two. three and more stories. They are
painted all the colors of the rainbow.
The city has a good system of electric
cars. There is one line that takes you
out to the beach at Guaruja. This is
one of the finest in Brazil. and upon it
are hotels and cottages. The place is.
in fact, summer resort for all parts
of the republic.
In the meantime Santos has trebled
in population since my last visit. It
has now in the neighborhood of 10O.-
900 Inhabitants, and it will continue to
grow. 1t lies on a little island. close
to the mainland at the foot of the
Brazilian highlands, and just where
the great down-spout from the coffee
ends. 1t will always be a
great coffee port. and. in addition, .
banana industry and a sugar industry
Is growing up on the lowlands nea-by
FRANK G. CARPENTER
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31
COFFEE BERRIES.

make single cup Of coffee. l think
the weight was about 100 grains. 1t Is
only as much as you could put In an
ordinary teaspoon. This was carefully
fee should in all cases be just the same
in proportion to the amount of water.
Fifteen samples were tested while L
was present. Each of these was
weighed out and ground separately.
The powder was then put into a cup
about half the size of an ordinary break
fast coffee cup, and boiling water poured
on it The same process was carried on
as to each of the other fourteen samples.
After the coffee had stepped a few mo-
ments the tasting began. The faster
took a teaspoonful of coffee out of the
first cup, and put it into his mouth He
held it there a few seconds, and then
spat it out into a great brass spittoon as
at the ticket marked on the sample and
decided whether the coffee was according
to grade.
Before tasting another sample he
washed the spoon carefully. telling
me that this was necessary in order that
it might not carry the aroma of the first
sample and affect his judgment. The
second sample was not so good as IL
should be. and the man turned down
the corner of the ticket to show that
it was not right. He then spat out the
coffee and rewashed the spoon And
so he went on with sample after sam
pie, deciding as to the value and and auai-
ager told me that there is a very great
difference in Brazilian coffee The
country has some varieties which pass
as Java, others as Mocha, and others
as from Porto Rico. Costa RIGA, Ecua-
dor and Guatemala. They are sold as
such. but all are raised in Sac Paulo.
Their grade, however, is said to be
quite as high. if not higher. than the
coffees they represent.
many stories of their ability to detect
any difference in flavor They are par
ticular as to their surroundings. One
of them, for instance will not allow
tobacco OF any kind to be smoked in
his tasting rooms. for he says the smell
affects his judgment of the coffees.
The other day this man had something
like 100 varieties to pass upon. He had
tasted three or four cups when he said
that some one had been smoking a
cigarette In the room. The clerks were
called up and examined. but every one
of them denied that he had been using
tobacco. The man again began tasting,
but stopped. insisting that there was
cigarette smoke somewhere about. The
clerks insisted in their denials. and
finally one of them said he would go
outside and see IL there was not some
the engine room underneath and found
that the engineer had been smoking a
cigarette that morning and that some
of the smoke might have passed up
through the floor. in which was a knot
hole the size of my thumb
Just here let me give you Brazilian
quotation. 1t states that a good cup of
the liquid when ready for drinking
should be:
LAS black as ink, as hot as hell, as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31

the top of the building. and it falls by
gravity through the various machines.
The mill is run by electricity. and the
machinery is such that the dirt is taken
out and the beans graded according to
their size and character. The grading
is exact. and out of the same sack will
come Mocha and Java and almost
every variety of coffee under the sun.
Indeed, the most of the Mocha coffee
we use has never seen Arabia, and al
grown in Brazil.
Every shipment of coffee has it's own
treatment, and the value of the ship
ments depends largely on where the
coffee is raised. Some of the regions
are as different from the others as the
Vuelto Abajo, which produces the finest
Havana tobacco. is different from the
land that produces the stogy. Not only
the soil, but the climate and elevation
have to do with the product. each dis
trlct producing beans of a flavor which
is of It's own kind and quality.
This difference in coffee makes its
preparation for the markets an i'm
portant element of the industry. Every
exporter has his own methods of sam
ping the coffee and grading and pre-
pairing it for shipment abroad. During
my stay here have visited some of the
great houses that send coffee to the
United States. The care taken is won
derful Every shipment, whether it be
of thousand bags of fifty thousand,
is sampled and tested. The coffee is
graded according to quality and this is
tested by sight, feel and taste. Coffee
tasting is profession and there are
men here in Santos who do nothing
else. Every shipment is carefully sam
pied and the sample is roasted and
tasted. The result gives the grade and
this is sent with the shipment to the
United States. forming the basis of the
price of the coffee and as to how it
shall be sold.
1t was with the manager of the
Arbuckle Company that went
through their sampling rooms These
were walled with shelves containing
the coffee recently tested Some of the
samples were brought down and their
quality pointed out. Some Of the best
coffee was labeled Mocha. This con-
sisted of beans as big as a pea. and of
much the same shape. The beans were
of light color. and the manager told
me that the coffee was three years old.
He says that the coffee beans grow bet
ter with age and that the coffee has
finer favor after it is several years old.
Passing on We came into the tasting
room One side of this was lined with
an electric stove which had many small
ovens heated by gas Jets. Each Of these
ovens was just large enough to contain
one or two samples of coffee. Then the
green beans were put in to be roasted.
the electricity was turned on and the
gas lighted. From time to time
spoonful of them was taken out to be
right color, showing that they had been
properly burned, a tablespoonful from
each sample was taken out and
weighed. only enough being used to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31

n II ALLOWEEN-the night of wild
lT1l fancies and eerie legends-is at
hand once again. Now DO the
witches come skirling down from their
abodes in the land of the unknown and
through their philters. charms and po-
tons delve into the mystic and super
natural realm with which they are re-
puted to be familiar.
For few hours-a little TIM, for
the magic broomsticks fly fzst-the
twentieth century forge<s itz realism.
its scientific verities and it's newborn
contempt for superstition. The witches
are given the center OF the stage. The
small boy aids and abets them with
flight.7 pranks. the young miss prac-
tees heir time-favored formulas for
glir. ing the future and the old folk
sit in the dim background and muse on
the whole subject and the interest
which witches have commanded since
the days Of earliest history.
For the witch may be said to have
existed since mankind first evolved an
imagination. Sorcery, as writer's on the
subject say, Is the inevitable accom-
paniment Of the supernatural. And in
every quarter of the globe witchcraft
has existed in forms which varied with
the racial temperaments and religious
conceptions Of the people.
II
II Il
The witch who rides abroad tonight
is composite entity, who draws her
attributes from the pagan enchantress
as well as the old bag who dwelt in a
mysterious cavern and brewed potions
to disturb the course Of nature. In
fact. the old. decrepit witch Is a more
modern form than the fair enchantress
who had power over men and beasts.
This popular conception Of witch's
personality came into existence at the
time Christianity began to spre ad over
Europe. Witchcraft was officially iden-
tiled with heresy and the days of cruel
persecution When people thought they
were destroying the works of the devil
about this change in the public mind.
From the fourteenth century the
type of recognised witch varies only in
detail. She is usually the conventional
hag whose grotesQue hideousness has
enshrined her in the nursery lore of
Europe and familiarised her to the
children Of the world.
The earliest account of a witch at
tended with any degree of detail is that
related in the first book Of Samuel. 1t
tells us that she is endowed, among
other things. with the power to call up
the dead At first reading. this story
surprises one by it's general conformity
to the type familiarized by the witch
mania Of the middle ages. When 1t 10
remembered, however, how great por-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31

bags are dropped on to the belts and
are not touched again until they are
packed in the hold. AS they move
along through the air they seem to be
mice or seals crawling along.
Leaving the wharves, I went into the
warehouses. There are more than a
score running for mile or SO along
the docks. They cover acres and are
packed from floor to roof with bags of
coffee. The bags are laid up like cord
wood. and warehouse may be a
solid mass of these bags of coffee. In
one OF the warehouses the men were
loading. Great. lusty fellows. they
were bare to the waist and barefoot
ed. Their muscles were like those Of
prizefighters, and all were broad Shout
dered and thick necked. l took out my
watch and counted their speed. They
dropped the bags on the chute at the
rate of one every second. At every
time my watch licked 1872 pounds of
coffee fell upon the travelling belt. and
started on It's way to the hold of the
steamer. The hourly stream measured
every twelve hours something like
100. 900 pounds of coffee were loaded by
each of the belts.
This work begins in July and keeps
OH lOT nOntnS. AT times more imam
100000 pounds are loaded in sim
gle day, an amount sufficient to give
every man, woman and child in the
United States one-half pound and leave
some to spare. At the same time more
Brazilian coffee is being loaded at Rio
de Janeiro and at Bahia and else
where. The total crop of the country
Is two-thirds that of the whole world.
In some years it has amounted to in
the neighborhood Of 100000 bags.
Nd NF
Santos alone. In 1913 the crop was
more than $4,000. 900 bags. and its value
was over 5000. 000. 900.
OF the coffee crop of Brazil more
than half is sold to the United States.
and that at cost of something like
S7S.000,000. We take in the neighbor-
hood Of three-quarters of billion
pounds of this coffee every year, and
should we stop drinking it, the people
would have a panic and millions of
them would be on the edge of starva-
ton. Our annual coffee imports are
over 000.000.000 pounds, or more than
fifty pounds for every one of our
families. IN other words we use
pound Of coffee week to every family
in the United States.
:. :,
In another letter I shall describe my
visits to the coffee plantations. Some
of them have millions of trees. and
they cover thousands of acres. Today
/ shall deal only with the coffee as it
reaches the ports The coffee from
most Of the estates comes here in beans
of different sizes and shapes. Some are
good and some bad, but they are all
mixed together. Before they can be
exported they have to go through sep
arators and graders. There are num-
Der OF such institutions in Santos, and
two of the largest are owned by an
American, Mr.. Lawrence. 1t was with
the owner that I went through them.
The mills are much like a great -four
ipg mill. The coffee is carried to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31
Pneumatic TRANSFORMATION.

IT appears that among the new uses
of pneumatic tubes are the move
ment Of various finely divided, low
grade materials. such as sand. coal Stag,
ash and refuse: the carrying of dan
gerous dust out of the mines, even of
coal up to nut size; and the conveyance
of valuable raw products. such a6'
grain malt and chemicals
The tubes prevent losses In the form
of dust. which when the materials are
transported in other ways are often
considerable. The pneumatic transport
tation system uses directly exhausted
power or compressed air. or both, sue
cessfully.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31
The Ex-Minister.

A MEMBER of the corps of the Brit
IN ish legation said at dinner in
New York:
Some funny stories come from the
front about our volunteer army.
1.-TWO young swells in the uniform of
private soldiers were overheard by an
officer conversing in a trench.
~ was intended for the ministry
the first swell said. Believe me or not,
old chap, / was on the point of being
ordained last August
"I- say! And what stopped you. then?'
inquired the other.
80 This - war, of course was the
reply.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31

~ you some moving pictures OIL
q the Brazilian port through
which it comes to the United States.
Nearly all the coffee consumed in
America passes through Santos. The
city is the chief coffee port of the
world. 1t handles more of this product
than any half dozen ports upon earth.
It is the gateway to the vast planta-
tions of Sac Paulo and for a greater
part of the year steady stream of
coffee bags flows down into it from the
Brazilian highlands and then takes the
ships which carry them to the United
States and to Europe.
Everything in Santos is coffee. The
town is built upon coffee beans and the
fortunes of it's citizens rise and fall
with the prices of coffee. The people
here believe in coffee They talk moth
ing else and as they talk they drink.
They drink SO much of this beverage
that they grow sallow and the muscles
of their faces twitch continuously.
When one of them sits in chair. rest
ing his toes on the floor. his knees bob
up and down with nervousness and his
whole system seems afflicted with st.
vitus' dance.
The street traffic of Santos is coffee.
luge automobiles, piled high with
bags, move this way and that. Heavy
carts similarly loaded are hauled by
mules among the motor machines, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-31
The Sc0undreI.

MR. LYMAN ABBOTT, the famous
" anti said at luncheon in New
York:
Some people think. because oppose
universal suffrage, that 1 am very Sc.
we're and harsh on the subject of
woman.
These people liken me, in fact. to
the man who was asked:
do you believe in clubs for women?
"'Sure l do!' the man replied. Clubs.
sandbags, flatirons, any old thing"