The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-04-28


| though it brought war upon Eng
land. seemed to secure peace fol
America. There was no longer.
when Col. NicoIls was done, an alien
power between New England and Nir-
Ginia. That was royal principally
which the Duke OF York had received
from the lavish Charles. and Col. Nicolls
had established his authority, at any rate
at the center of it. where the Dutch had
| been. in 4 way that gave promise of
making it abundantly secure But the
| duke was a Stuart. and no statesman;
/ loved authority. but was not provident
| in the use of it: and parted with much
| of the gift before it was fairly in his
hands. Col Nicolis and his fellow -com-
miSsioners did not take possession of
New Amsterdam until August 1864. and
il was then nearly two months since the
duke had given a large part Of New
Nctherland away to his friends. Lord
John Berkeley. Baron of Stratton. and
Sir George Carterct OF Saltrum.
Late i'm June he had granted to these
gentlemen. his close associates in friend
ship and in affairs. his colleagues in the
board of admiralty. over which he pre-
sided. all his own rights and powers
within that part of his prospective ter
ritory which lay to the south OF Il deg.
40 min. north latitude and between the
Delaware River and the sea. touching
the Hudson and the harbor of New York
at the north. and ending at cape May in
the south
This new Hrovincc he called New Jer
sey. in compliment to Sir Georg" Car
teret. who had been governor Of the is
land of Jersey when the Parliament was
arraycd against the King, and who had
held it long and Eslantly for his royal
master.
The government which the proprictors
instructed Philip Cartcrct. II kirsmar of
Sir George, to establish was as liberal
and ms sensible as that which Col. Nicolls
had set up in New York. ON the day on
which they appointed their governor
they had signed a document which they
called THE Concessions and Agreements
of the Lords Proprietors Of New jersey,
to and with all and every of the adven-
turers and all such as shall settle and
plant there" and which offered not only
gifts OF land upon most excellent good
terms to settlers. but religious liberation
also and free form Of government.
The governor established himself and
the thirty odd settlers and servants who
came with him at the new hamlet just
begun at EliZabethtown He took pains
to make known the liberal terms OF set
Element he was authorized to offer. in
New England and elsewhere in the colo
MES already established. as well as at
home in England. \ steady drift of colo
njsts. accordingly. began to set his way.
Ry April. lots. New Jersey seemed to the
governor ready for its first assembly.
ard he called upon the froemen To make
Z hair CHI Of representatives.
1t was to he many years yet. as It
turned out before the conduct of the
government Of til" colony was to h" sat
isfactorily provided for. The several
scattered settlements had little sym
patty with each other. ana New Jer-
sey was not yet complete or or
ganized colony
At the very time when Gov. Carteret
was trying to form n government that
would hold the scattered towns of New
Jersey together in some sort of dis
cipline and order, the representatives
of another proprietary government of
the same kind were trying the same
with much the same for
tune in the south on the carolina
grant which the King had made the
wear before he gave New N"ther1and
to his brother. In 1863 he had granted
the lands which lay south of Virginia
between the rhirtyfrst and the
degrees of north latitude
to eight propriet0rs.
There were by that time quite thre"
hundred families settled there: and
there were none besides in all the vast
tract that the Kings charter called
"Carolina" The first grant of 1868.
had not in fact included the Albemarle
though those who framed
it supposed that it did: but in 1865
n new charter was obtained which
advanced the boundary line far enough
northward to make sure of including
them. And then the proprietors. hav-
ing taste for more elaborate way
Of governing, adopted a highly com
plicated and detailed plan. drawn up
by Mr.. John Locke. who was then,
at thirty-seven. secretary to Anthony
ord Ashley. one of the proprietOrs |
The document contained eighty -one !
a rticles. was called the Fundamental
of Carolina. and was
elaborate enough for populous king !
dom II bore date 81 July. 1863
The proprietors were too much men
,f the world and of affairs to suppose |
that that simple community, only just |
now begun. was ready for an clabor- +
ate government. which. among other |
things proposed to change very radi- !
, sort of feudal holding under heredi- |
.ary mobiles: but they meant to estab-
ish their system when they could. !
md were in too great haste. it turned |
,ut to believe that parts of II could |
1t once be made to apply. Even yet |
Carolina" had no settlements except |
hose at Albemarle.
II proved no light matter to gov
.rn the little settlements at Abe
narle The colonists preferred their !
rade to the laws of Parliament. and |
heir freedom to the laws of the lords |
In 1875 their governor.
-arteret, stephens successor. went to
England in n sort of despair to ex-
,lain that he was not allowed to gov.
.rn In 1877 the colonists seized the |
collector of the revenues, and sew
raj thousand pounds of the revenue
With him, because he tried TO break
ID their trade with New England and
he West Indies
The proprietors were to find that II
vas not much easier to govern set
lements of their own planting than
o govern the rough-and-ready ham,
cts at Albemarle. which had been set
ID without them. By August. 1869. the
month after they signed the first draft
II their Fundamental Constitutions,
hey had an expedition ready to go
nto the southern parts of Carolina
nd plant q colony which shou be
worth helping and worth governing;
nd by April OF the next year IL was
planted The place chosen