The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1915-04-22

a large case iron weasel, where Il Ia
mixed with exhaust steam from this
various auxiliary apparatus around
tho plant. which hcnts 4 up to prac-
tically. che temperature Of the exhaust
steam or si2 degrees. The econo-
MIXER further raises this tempcrature
from 40 60 so dcEreea. making the
temperature Of the water AZ u enters
the boiler $50 20 2eO degrees.
From the boiler the steam IL con
vcycd BY means OF pipes "a tho tur-
hine. The turbine Il n heat engine,
that II, ia power IL derived from the
heat which II extracts from the steam
as supplied. The steam after passing
through .he turbine II discharged
INTO the condenser. which IL a large
number Of small tubes through Which
IL circulated cold water. Tho steam
AS u VA In contact with these cold
tubes ~ condensed TO water which u
removed from the condenser by n
suitable pump. such air and non
.condensaOle vaporE a. come over with
y steam are taken IA OF the con-
denser By RAJ OF a vacuum pump.
The object of the condenser as APP
piled 10 the turbine Is 20 reduce the
final temperature Of eteam, which
makes u possible 10 utilize more Of
the heat In the steam. therefore al
lowing the turbine 20 develop more
power from a given quantity Of
steam. With the condenser apparatus
now available. with reasonably cold
water, that u, say 65 degrees, Il Is
possible 10 maintain on a turbine a
vacuum OF 20 Inches uf mercury. The
absolutely perfect az sea
level would correspond TO 80 inches
OF mercury. As stated above. the
turbine " n heat engine. IL Il was
used without the condenser the heat
available for power would be the
heat In the lean as II entered the
turbine less the heat In the steam as
Il left the turbine. II the machine
VAS exhausting 20 the atmosphere
the temperature OF the steam would
be approximately 2ia degrees, where
as with n vacuum OF 20 Inches the
temperature OF Ihe steam M IL leaves
the turbine would be about 20 de-
grces. II viii be quite evident.
therefore. that there is a large
amount OF heat which mny be uti-
LIKED la the turbine Il the condenser
g. used which would be available
without this apparatus.
Direct connected To- the turbine
shaft Is the shaft OF the electric gem
orator. The current az generated is
transmitted by means 81 copper wires
through suitable switches for discon-
Meeting the generator from the bus
bars. The busbars serve the pur-
pose of collecting all the electricity
generated by the various machines In
n place. from which Il can be dis-
tributed as desired. II the electricity
IL TO be used near the station Il IS
usually distributed az the voltage at
which Il is generated. the various cir.
cults being connected To the busbars
by means Of suitable switches. II tho
current ~ to be sent any consider
able distance the voltage ls usually
raised by means Of transformers ana
the current is transmitted az the
higher voltage. This il done In order
To save In the quantity of current td
be transmitted. The longer the dis
lance and the greater quantity ot
current 10 be carried. the higher
voltage that would be used. AZ u
~ impracticable to use the higher
voltage In commercial service direct
~ In machines, due to the difnculty
Of Insulating high voltage. and also
10 the danger OF persons workins
with a., u rs necessary "a again
change the voltage al or near th,
point whore the current b. To- hc uti-
lied. This Is done by another set oi
transformers which works ia the re-.
verse ~ the original set By rcceiviu
the high voltage and delivering "A loW
voltage.
In cases where n In necessary a.
have direct current. the ALTERNATING
current b. transformed hy means "A
rotary convertors or motor-gcncratoI
sets To- direct current. The general
principle 81 either OF these apparutui
" that the alternating current act,
NJ u prime mover for another Eenor.
ator which generates direct currc1t
Probably the use OF electricity that
brings IL most In the public eye is foi
lighting. Electric lights as now urco
are Of two general classes. the ar,
lamp ana the incandesccnt lamp ~
The arc lamp the light " generated
by a nelcctric are. or we might say
a continuous spark Of flame, which
is made by interruptinR the c~lectri,
circuit. making the current pass fol
a comparatively short distance
through the air. Under these con.
ditions. across this air gap Is formed
a very intense bright flame. whicl
produces the light In the so-callet
arc lamps. This nght In so intons,
that Il IN usually necessary 10 cove
II with glass globes 10 made as &,
dinuse the light, as otherwise 4
would be o dazzling for genera
purposes.
In the Incandescent Mazda lamp IN,
light Is generated by passing the cur
rent Of electricity through a fine wiz,
Of suitable material, which IL heated
10 ncandescence by the passage q
the electricity. IL Is necessary q
protect these fine wires or nlament
from burning, and this Is done bi
putting them IN a glass receptacl
from which an the air has been eX
hnusted.