davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-05-14

cannon are long and narrow and al
most horizontal when firing. The
howitzers. which fire at angles of
more than 80 degrees, and the mortar
pieces, which at even greater angles
fire heavy projectiles loaded with
enormous explosives intended to crush
such things as cupolas of forts, are
short and massive and stand almost
vertically.
Why Some Guns Are Short
by the way, do you know the rea.
son for the difference in the lengths
of artillery pieces? For instance, the
305-millimeter Austrian howitzer, a
very short gun. fires greater charge
of powder than the French marine
gun of equal caliber, which Is IL
yards long?"
had never tried to find the reason
OF this difference
And yet it is very simple" the
lieutenant said. The marine gun is
designed to Ire the shell at it's maxi
mum speed. so the combustion of the
powder must be complete before the
projectile leaves the barrel. This re-
quires fraction of a second, during
which the shell covers exactly IL
yards-the length of the piece. This
viii give you an idea of how difficult
it is TO make the exact calculations
necessary in the operating of these de-
structive machines Thus, when the
combustion is complete, the pressure
developed by the gases is also maxi
mum. AS long trajectory is not re-
CURED of the howitzer and mortar
piece, it is rot necessary to have a
barrel of this Flgth, which is incon.
venient.
Surprise Ahead for Germans.
The largest mortar. as you know,
is the famous 42-centimeter. The
huge guns of this caliber have all the
same drawback; they are difficult 10
handle. 1t is almost useless to think
of transporting them by anything but
rail.
And ! may tell you. we have no
longer any reason to envy the Ger
mans. Right now, in France, we have
achieved the construction of mortar
pieces still more powerful, which, for
our adversaries, will be cruel reve-
lation the day they are brought out
ready to fire."
AS the officer did not wish to tell
me more on this subject, spoke to
him again of his life in the trenches,
and he humorously related how, on
the parapet facing the enemy. his SOL
diers had planted radishes. which
grew very well.
Come and pay us a visit he said,
land you can gather them under the
noses of the 'boches.' And you will
see that the presence of the Germans
gives them very special flavor
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-05-14
Keeping Men Cheered Up Is the
Vital Point, as French
Officer Tells 1t.
SOME SOCIAL EVENINGS"
Artillery Lieutenant Ventures to Say
the Famous s75" Is "of Little Use"
Fire ls Too Direct-surprise
Ahead for the Germans.
BY GABRIEL pELAGARpE.

Correspondent Chicago Daily News.)
Amiens, France.-He is a CAPTAIN
Who comes to Amiens from time to
time for a few days of rest. Here
ne has comfortable quarters, where
his wife impatiently awaits him; in
the small village near Albert all he
mas TO go to is a subterranean cabin,
the ceiling Of which is of earth.
This, his permanent residence. is
on a crest 500 yards from the enemy.
The narrow space, with it's wall of
clay, measures perhaps four yards
in length by one In width. Entering
and seeing the owner of the place, his
back to tho wall, shapeless bundle
OF animals skins, one might imagine,
were it not for a telephone in the
corner, that one had been carried back
to prehistoric times.
Sleeps, Eats, Works in Cave.
1t is here the captain sleeps. eats,
writes and gives and receives his or
ders. 1t is here that, through the EN-.
brasure which overlooks the plain. he
constantly surveys the little wood to
the left, and, in the distance, those
narrow lines of yellow earth. the
enemy's trenches. 1t is from this cave
that he regulates the firing of the
French batteries so that their shells
will hit the real trenches filed with
men, not the counterfeit ones which
are masses of earth.
A narrow. zigzag passage connects
the small hut with the first line
trenches. Three or four times day
the captain splashes through it. In
spite Of the trunks of trees, with
which the bottom is covered, the wet
clay is slippery.
This is why my coat is so thread
bare" he says. Constant brushing OF
the mud wears away the cloth. And
what is more annoying even than fall
ing fiat in the clay is being splashed
on the head by wet earth hurled by
a she'll" ~
Thus slowly and cautiously one ar
rives at the advanced trenches.
Real Duty of a Leader.
DO you know the most difficult part
Of chiefs duty?" the captain asked
me- 1T is not SO much directing a
combat. At times attacks are rare:
we have not had single one for two
months. The real duty OF the chief
is to sustain the morale of his men:
watch over them: talk to them famili.
arly of their families. their affairs, as
II is that which interests them most
1t is to improve the quality of their
food, prepare what l hardly dare call
social evening. when they can drink
cup. OF tea and eat a few cakes or.
dered from Amiens. In short, one
must be constantly watching them.
talking to them. encouraging them
For instance, recently, one of our
sentinels at the entrance to a small
wood was killed one night. Our patrol
found him at the foot OF a tree with
his throat cut. A second sentinel met
the same fate. A third likewise.
Captain Called to Calm Men.
AT once my men became uneasy.
What was to be done? No one had
heard anything. Sentinels are, sta.
toned there at night only. to prevent
surprise In the trenches They are
stationed near an isolated oak. whence
they survey the path which is the
only outlet practicable through the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-05-14
elltale
FnilgerPrints
- By -
Walter Joseph Delaney
Copyright. 1915. by w. G. chapman,

Copyright. 1915. by w. C. chapman.)
The Stevensons were rich and un-
happy. Their next-door neighbors,
the Martins, were desperately poor,
yet life was to them a radiant dream.
The Stevensons lived in a big ten.
coom house, luxuriously furnished,
and had lots OF money. David Martin
toiled as laborer at town iron mill,
and his frugal wife counted over ev-
cry penny twice before II was invest
ed, thus close they were forced to
live.
But the Martins had treasure
Winnie, their adopted niece-and her
presence made the humble home glow
with sunshine and laughter whenever
she was within its precints. She
worked at a store in the village as
cashier, but home talent was paid for
cheaply. and her contribution to the
household fund was quite small.
Not very genial neighbors, those
Stcyensons," observed Mr.. Martin.
coming home from his work one cold
December evening.
Il fancy they don't consider us their
kind" returned his plain, practical
wife. MRS. Stevenson has nodded to
me once or twice, but only at a dis
lance, and then quite sourly"
Stevenson himself came out Of the
gate of his house just as / passed."
continued Mr. Martin. 81 spoke, but
he didn't answer me, although think
he really was so distracted in thought
that he didn't know me-"
II think you are quite right, IA
ther," added Winnie, in her kindly,
charitable way. II have heard that
they have great sorrow-a runaway
son. He left them after some trouble
he got into three years ago. A year
since, l have heard, they learned that
he was one of a number killed in a
cyclone in New Mexico"
"Oh, dear, that is sad," spoke up
Mrs. Martin, quickly and sorrowfully.
They have their cross to bear, indeed
"a lost son, lonely home" and she
came up to Winnie and EMBODIED her in
a loving clasp and kissed her tender
".
An unhappy home, indeed, was that
of the Stevensons They had lost
their only child, a bright, promising
had, who, when he came Of age, had
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-05-14

developed a tendency to SOW wild
oats. Petted by his father, idolized
by his mother, Warren Stevenson had
sadly disappointed his parents.
In fight in a gambling resort, he,
an cnlooker only, had paid the penalty
for being in such place by receiving
bullet wound that stripped OF the
top of three of the first fingers Of his
left hand. This seemed to teach him
lesson for time. Then he fell
from grace again. He drifted into
the company of a desperate burglar.
Innocently Warren was involved in a
case where man was killed. He
played the part Of the craven and be-
came wanderer and fugitive from
Justice. Within year the real muir
derer died in prison, shouldering the
entire responsibility for the crime and
completely generating Warren.
His parents had then sought for
him everywhere, but their quest had
proved unavailing. The news of his
death in the cyclone was the final
grief that broke their hearts. Be-
reaved, broken down by sorrow and
regret, no marvel was it that they be-
csme cynical, isolated and uncom-
panionable.
one evening neighbor came into
tne nome Of Mr.. Martin on a brief
can. In the course of conversation
ne brought up the subject of the unso
sal neighbor, with the remark:
Friend Of mine told me that this
tevenson objects nightly to your
nrning soft coal, Martin"
Why. is that So" queried Mr.. Mar
supposedly.
Yes, he says that whenever the
"a is from the north 1t blows the
IN regular flakes against his
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-05-14
HER "LOvE" RETURN
WHEN HUSBAND HAD MADE r
SELF FAMOUS.
But Now, Despite Her Pleas, He o
Not See Why He Should Take He
Rsck--His Concise ExpIana-
ton of His Reasons

They had been deeply in love WI
they married. That was ten yes
ago. Much had happened in ten yea
and In their case they had drift
apart. At first there were lit
scraps, mended with kiss and a Il
loving words. BY degrees the rift ]
came larger. She wanted the CO
forts, if not the luxuries of life, a
told him many times OF the motor ca
and theater boxes she could have d
If she had married Tom, Dick or HaT
instead of him. Once he used
weave stories of tomorrow, but
morrow never came, and finally u
friction became too much for him.
You are never satisfied" he sai
after one of their quarrels, accordin
to a New York letter to the Cincii
natl Enquirer. You have no belle
in me. Perhaps ] don't amount
much. We don't get on. You renal
here and I'll find a place for myself
I'll let you have enough 10 keep yo
going-$25 a week"
She agreed to this joyfully, and in
few days he removed TO Furnished
room not many blocks away. Eaci
week she received an envelope witt
the stipulated amount in it. Other
wise they lived as strangers.
The man had only left himself
enough out of his salary to keep him
self alive. There was no overplus for
amusements, and his chief recreation
was reading at the public library.
One evening. having finished his
evening paper, he took up pencil and
began to draw on the edge. He hao
sense of humor and was making a
comic picture of something he had
Just read. He was fond of drawing
and had given much time to it before
his marriage. Then he took a sheet oil
paper and drew several cemic
sketches, and they amused him so
much that just for fun he sent one
to a comic paper. 1t was accepted
and the editor asked for more. He
kept on drawing, and in three years
had attained reputation under the
name of "Scorn." Meanwhile his wife
lived ON in the old house, perfectly
contented and only slightly curious
when her allowance was gradually in
creased. When one day the envelope
contained fifty dollars she decided to
90 after him. She called at the place
where he had been employed when
they parted and asked to see him. The
clerk grinned.
HE left over year ago."
She rushed to the house where he
Aad roomed. HE left over year
ago." she was informed. Still the fifty
dollars arrived regularly.
In California lives thin man who
is something Of a cynic. His reputa-
ton as comic artist is established
and money comes easily to him. Once
a pretty woman asked him why he
lived alone.
II have a wife," he told her. IT left
her because she didn't believe in me.
am never going back to her. 1t hurts
man to be tied a bundle of pessim-
ism In petticoats.'
And did she love you?" the pretty
woman asked.
Il hardly think So"
Once his agents wrote TO him that
she wanted to know where he lived.
Tell her. he wrote, that / am In
the Town of Tomorrow"
And she understood.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-05-14

Miss Gaby Deslys' comments on Sir
James Barrie, in whose first venture
in musical burlesque the, Parisienne
is about to appear, makes piquant
reading. The lady complains that Sir
James is strange author" Appar-
emily, he not like me to know what
he means. When he look glad then ]
know ] doing IT all wrong, but If he
look triste, then ] know doing 1t
right" Moreover, Mile. Deslys com,
plains, and this is really grave In
dictment, that she does not know
whether the author likes her dresses
or not, and that he is of opinion that
she should do her hair with nice lit
tie round bump at back
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-05-14
More Pressing Needs.

Il need Shoes"
Then why don't you buy someY"
1T is evident that you know nothing
Of family life. Ny graphophone needs
records and my wife needs dancing
lessons.''
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-05-14
a Gentle Hint.

"Sir, does your boy call his dog
Rome?"
mo; why do you ask that?"
"Oh, merely that ! noticed he
seems to like 10 make 1t howl"
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-09-16
NO GOVERNMENT ~
STATE OF SONORA

Nogaies Arza Sept 1.-THE belief
wgle mat anarchy reigns throughout
NV State Of sonora is thought by Well
r'ioImed residents 70 be the motive
W the order from Washington to
" ''ne ieau consuls 10 warn Americans
out IF Mexico
Federirk Simpich. American con
'l az Noeales. sonora has made no
70 Ncate. II is believed here
mas been advised from Washing
w e act ON his own discretion.
4. irte is no organized government
NdnN towns fear to- elect mayors
alse Of raids by opposing forces
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-09-16
BEHNSTORIF EXPECTS
NO FURTHER TROUBLE

Sew York. Sept 15.-Tha the djr-
ucuItles between the United States
and Germany win be settled within "a
fortnight was the opinion voiced hN
Count Won Bcrustorff the German
ambassador at his hotel here today
shortly after his return from Wash
ington Approached hy newspaper
man. Count Won BCrustorft said
"Ordmarlly 1 give only prepared
interviews over my signature To-day
] shall make am exception You may
say for me Jhat / am sure that with
I'm a fortnight Am supposed difficulties
between the United states and Ger
many VIII have been settled, and per
manently settled. and the nation. will
be more friendly than thcy ever have
BEEN
Count Won Beustorff added that he
felt gratificd over the outcome of his
conference with Secretary Lansing
Later the ambassador ampilled thp
statement saying
I'm my opinion everything as rec
CARDS the situation between the Unit
ed States and Germany viii Dee set
lied within a fortnight do not eN
pect To have anything more % suA
with reference To- the matter I'm INC
next two weeks
Count Won Bcrnstorff discussed the
sinking Of the British steamer Hes
peran insisting in am informal way
that his first claim as 60 what caused
the ship to go down had now been
verified. despite what ne called "the
suspicion of the American pcopl,
about that ship"
The ambassador emphasized the
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-09-16
Russians Are Sd0 Driving
AuSuia0S Before Them i0
GaIicia and 0utHaOkmg Of
IcutoaS Threatens
RElNF0RCEMENTS SENT
TO FIGHT ITALIANS


.st nosAAa louasat serrtAt ,tAaen- Nlael
London. Sept l5 uOtO p m)--
Ficid Marshal Won Umdouburg drive
toward the DNusk-Nuua railway s not
progressing as fast as his previous eu-
terprises al similar kind have done
and except at one or two points about
midwa, between these towns. where
his cN3lr have vut the railway. hc
IS s,iI being stubboruN opposed b
thn Russians who are making tig
orous countrr-ottaeks
Won HndenburE, however has
reached point west OF the bridge
head across from the town of Dvinsk
ana I- preparing 20 attack that fort-
flea area.
Ausuo-Gcrman Retreat.
Along the rcst Of the line the Ger
man advance has also slowed up while
in Gahcia. the Russlns are still Ht-
lacking and according to unofficial
reports from Bucharest aud othey
points the Austro-Gyrman armies are
falling back across the Dniester river.
jus. north of the Galiciau border the
Russians also are In the offensive ana
are making am attempt to recapturo
the fortress of Dunno which the Aus
trlans took last week This offensive
In the south Ii Is believed. will have
an effect ON the rest Of the front as
renf0rcemcnts must soon he sent
there or the Teutonic allies viii be
Him danser of being outflanked
Fresh Troops Against Italy.
Despite this, the Austrans have sent
Iro.nforcements against ltaly and have
at some parts OF the line assumed the
. offousN The country rs so rough
and the Italians. since they declared
war. have been So successful in cap-
turing important positions for defense
/ that an advance 10y the Austrians can
not for some time threaten the defond-
crs The operations, however are
4 likely to take ON a more Interesting
4 character
Cannon Active In West.
Tho heavy guns continue their hom-
/ hardment along the Western front and
I in the Nosgos another battle is In pro-
Rrcss for possession of Hartmanns-
( Wcllcrkopf which has changed hands
often during the past few months.
1 According to dispatches from Hot
j land. the British warships have again
attacked tho German positions ON the
/ Belgian coast Air raids by allied air.
/ men ON towns now occupied hy the
. Germans. and by Heppelins ON Ems
lHud are daily occurrences
Evening star., 1915-02-06
RIVER CRAFT TO BE REPAIRED,
Lighter and Holster. Ice Victims.
Will Undergo Overhauling.

a lighter used in the TRANSPORTATION
Of oyster shells from the oyster wharf
to the crushing plant at. Alexandria,
which was cut through by the ice sew
eral weeks ago, has been raised and
taken to Deans shipyard at Alexandra
to be hauled out for repairs. AS sooa
as she is ready for service she will he
put to work moving oyster shells to
Alexandria.
Another ice victim. the steam holster
Boo Hoo. belonging to l.. A. Clarke G.
Son. which was caught by the ice in
Occoquan creek and had planks in her
hull broken. has been hauled out on the
marine railway at Benefits boatyard
to be calked and TO have broken
planks replaced with new ones The
Boo Hoo will be on the railway for
about a week.
The tug Walter +. Meade. belonging
to the Columbia Granite and Dredging
Company, is also out on the marine
railway at Alexandria for repairs pre-
paratory to resuming the towing OF
sand and gravel laden scows.
Evening star., 1915-02-06
REACHES HER DESTINATION.
Schooner Gladys Has Adventurous
Voyage With Cargo of Salt.

After an adventurous trip from
Turks Island with salt for Baltimore,
the schooner Gladys, which was re-
ported leaking badly in Lookout cove
North Carolina, has reached her desti-
nation with her cargo intact. the re-
port that the vessel was leaking hav-
ing been a mistake. The vessel left
Turks Island December 90 and had good
weather until January o. when she was
struck by a heavy northeast gale.
During the gale the fore shrouds
parted, and as it was feared the mast
would be jumped out by the rolling of
the schooner she was anchored off Cape
Lookout. Temporary repairs were
made, but the gale had shifted to the
northwest and was blowing with in
creasing fury and the schooner had to
Law by for several days. Finally sig
nal was set asking the coast guard TO
send Il pilot, which was done and the
vessel was taken into Cape Lookout
cove for harbor and repairs.
On completion of repairs she came to
the Chesapeake and a tug picked her
up and towed her to Baltimore.
Evening star., 1915-02-06
TEN-YEAR TERM OF OFFICE
FOR PRESIDENT OF CHINA
Of the Associated Press.

Correspondence Of the Associated Press.
PEKING, January 5.-A ten-year
term of office for the President Of
China, with eligibility to further
TERMS, is the principal feature Of the
new election law passed by the pro-
visional constitution conference. In
a covering note published with the
law, the conference declares that China
cannot be subjected to the dangers
and alarms of frequent presidential
elections
Other features Of the law are:
That the president shall be a male
citizen of the republic (therefore not
necessarily a Chinese). at. least forty
years of age, and that he shall have
resided IN China for a period of TWEEN
ty years.
That at the time of the presidential
election the president shall carefully
and reverently nominate three per-
sons from whom his successor must
be chosen.
That the electoral college shall be
composed of fifty members of each
house, the II ia yuan and the tsan
cheng yuan the members being elected
by mallot among themselves.
That the election shall take place IN
Peking.
That the electoral college may vote
for the reelection of the president as
well as for the candidates he nomi-
mates.
That there shall be an attendance of
three-fourths of the membership and
vote of two-thirds of those present
in order to elect.
That when the year of election ar
rives. should the members of the
tsan cheng yuan (the senate) con-
slider it a political necessity the then
president may be reelected for an
other term by a two-thirds majority
of the tsan cheng yuan without
formal election
The Peking Daily News says: Frank
ly, the law is not republican, as the
term is understood abroad, but it is
Chinese. And the Chinese who legis-
late for China may be trusted to know
what is best for the country during it's
transition stage. Whatever may be
its (the law's) defects 1t has to be
conceded that it has been designed to
meet the peculiar needs of China"
Evening star., 1915-02-06
FINDS BRITISH PEOPLE
WELL TREATED IN VIENNA
Englishwoman. Wife of Business
Man, Relates Recent Experiences
in Austrian Capital.
of the Associated Press.


LONDON, January 2s.-That it is not
impossible for English people to make
their way through Germany and Aus
tria is shown by the return to Lon
don of Mr.. and Mrs. A. l.. Lantay
after a business trip to Vienna. Mr..
Lantay had important business in
terests in Austria. which. two months
after the war began, demanded his
presence in Vienna. He had made the
trip so often in times of peace that
he Scoffed at his friends warnings of
the likelihood OF Imprisonment and
possible death as a spy. He took his
wife with him and proceeded In his
accustomed manner across Germany.
They were not molested, and remained
in Vienna nearly three months. max
ing no particular effort to conceal
themselves. Their return was made
by another route, but was accom-
plished without accident.
Adventure Is Described.
Mrs. Lantay thus described her ad-
venture:
"Of course, we did not report our
selves, but simply lived In Vienna.
We would have got into trouble, no
the circumstances. but, my husband,
being of Austrian parentage, although
a naturalized Englishman, was able'to
carry things through.
'1t is really remarkable the kindli-
ness with which English people are
treated in Vienna. In the shops I
found it possible to do my trading
in English, which almost all the at
tendants speak fiuently. The feeling
to be friendly toward the English, and
an English lady who is teaching in
the schools told me that she notices
no diminution in the number of pupils
studying the English language.
within the past two or three weeks
begun TO tighten the restrictions sur
rounding aliens. At present, I believe,
no alien enemy is allowed to go out
after o'clock In the evening; they are
not allowed to enter theaterS and cof-
fee houses, and violations of the alien
enemy restrictions are punishable with
a fine of s4O0.
vienna has begun to feel the pres
sure of the war very severely. The
city is one huge hospital, and in many
sections the children cannot go to
school because the buildings are re-
versity buildings and the parliament
house are also being used for hospitals.
In the streets one sees hardly anything
but wounded soldiers and civilians in
mourning.
Prices Rapidly Rising.
The prices of everyday comm modities
are rising rapidly, and the supply is
being so safeguarded that it is impos-