davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16

The import of this alleged demand is
not well understood here. There are
those who claim it is simply a perfume
tory demand made by Colonel Holabird
on the theory that he is compelled by
the decisions to call for a settlement.
Again, there are not lacking those who
believe Colonel Holabird intends to
use this demand to Illustrate early de-
livery of the system to the people of
the valley, thus continuing the receiv-
ership.
whether the demand will resolve it
self into an obstacle to the early
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16
Import of Demand
Not Fully Explained

transfer of the system to the people
of the valley remains 10 be seen.
Delay in solving the problem at the
earliest possible time is serious mat
ter. superintendent Carberry has re
ported to Water Company No. l direc-
tors that there is almost certain to
be a water shortage in the valley next
summer because of the clogged condi-
ton of the Alamo canal in Mexico.
The degree of shortage will depend on
the quiekness with which the dredg
ers are got busy on the canal
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16

ing, but are growing and producing a
ma Ximum of feathers.
The picking season. in which each
bird yields his most likely looking
feathers before the ruthless hand Of
the picker. is over. aud only a few
are picked from each bird as
they mature during the winter
Now that winter is here. the birds
have quit laying and The ineubators
no longer hatch out the young birds.
Scores of eggs were piled in The sand
on the farm this year. 10 be blown
and sold as souvenirs To eastern tDnr-
lists. only Il few being placed in the in
cubators. The laying season for The
giant birds begins about February and
lasts several months.
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16
THIEVES STEAL
COATS FROM LINE

Two overcoats, Tapping On line
in the rear Of the home of William
Hall, Sixth street and Wensley ave
nue. attracted thieves last might, who
removed both coats. The theft was
not discovered until this morning.
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16

on scorn of kings and independence
of racial prejudice-on the understand
ing that all men are created free and
equal-on justice instead of guile.
The rulers may not know it, but the
germs of union are lurking in that
hall in little Bern.
: The people who bear the burdens
have had enough of war.
Many are ready to talk about the
United states of Europe.
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16

All roads lead TO Bern, these days
to Bern. tucked way up in the Swiss
mountains, where, despite denials and
contradictions, envoys of the warning
and neutral nations of the Old World
are gathering to discuss-what?
peace" the cabled rumors persist
and every assertion from the belliger-
ent capitals that peace will come only
with victory" makes the peace rumors
stronger.
Anyway they're meeting there, in
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16
OSTRICHES THRIVING
IN SPITE OF COLD

Pity the ostrich He hasn't much
natural covering and his artificial pro-
tections against the rigors of the
weather aren't much better. But, for
all of it. the 900 or more Nubian birds
at the British & American Mercantile
farm near Brawley are not only thirty
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16
Rirdseye View of Bern.

Birdseye View OF Bern.
Bern. in bayonet- -girdled switzerland,
and the world hangs eagerly on the
outcome of their secret eonelaVe.
For-who can say?-the cradle OF
European liberty may become the
birthplace of new world-freedom,
born in the misery of the battling mil
lions who have fought and bled To
draw!
Among the highest Alps, where free
dom has always reigned, civilization
may evolve a new democracy founded
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16
Allies Take the Offensive
On Western Battle Front

New York. Nor. IT, While the at
tention OF tn world has ben fixed on
The developments III the balkans.
France and Britain Tor several daxs
haye been preparing ON the wesf line
FOR one OF the greatest offensive move
ments of the war. the artillery work
ing necessarily day aud might clearing
the way Tor an advance. In Paris
there is hope thal lhe gain of this
offensive movement will be great
enough 10 roll the invader back from
French soil Al any hour the
order for grand charge by the Al
lied forces may come. and III almost
any time there may be made known
the results Of ole OF the wars great
est battles-if any one feature in
months OF conflict may be termed a
batile.
II is claimed chat in Northern France
and Belgium there are three-uuartrrs
IF million men who have not yet
been in battle, and in The great of
fensive now developing they may par
ticipate in an onrush of mon that will
surpass anything yet Witnessed on the
western line of battle
London, Nov. 16.-The French have
begun a smashing movement against
Lens and Lille.
This is the first great cooperative
attack since the get-together plan of
the Allies WIS adopted
At the same time ii was announced
that 100000 Allied troops were on the
firing line in Serbia and that a gen
eral offensive was i'm progress and
gaining against the Bulgars.
The French smash is believed to be
a part of the general plan of the
amalgamated staffs, who now are in
direct charge Of operations f3r the Al
lies.
Il has been started in the Atois-
Ypres districts, where a heavy bonn
bardment is being made preparatory
Imperial Valley press., 1915-11-16
Cotton nciinnged.

DAILY Brothers report the local price
for cotton unchanged ut about 10 IS
cents, with the following quotations
from the eastern markets today:
New Orleans
Omen Noon Close
January .....11.70 11.65m66 I159m6o
March .......11.93 11.91m92 s1.S5m86
Spots 1138. Sales. 100.
New York
Omen Noon. Close.
January ..11.S1 17.76b 11.72m 10
March ......1201 10000 1850 sc
Spots, 11so. Sales, 200.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

boy fell dead. I want you to know
that Jesus died to save You, and now
He lives to hold you.
Sin one of the New York hotels
man was lying on his bed in agony and
a doctor came speedily. After the doc
tor had examined him, he said to him:
Tell me, sir, if you have any friends
in New York He said: Only business
friends. Why?' and the doctor an
swered Because you will be dead in
an hour. Then turning his face away
to the wall, the man said: j have
| missed it. The doctor, who was one of
our earnest Christians, said: Missed
what?' He said: 4 have missed God.
My home is in Chicago, and I came
away promising my wife | would settle
the question when I got back from New
York, but, doctor, l have missed it.
| The doctor reminded him of the peni-
tent thief. ooh, yes, he said, but he
had never heard of Him and I have.
The doctor reminded him Of the
eleventh hour, and he said: ooh, yes
| but this is the twelfth. l have missed
it. And it is bit of history in our
great city that he turned his face away
to the WALL and said, over and over, ]
have missed it. have missed it,
$50 I plead with you tonight, turn
to Jesus Christ. Turn to Him. Turn tc
Him now.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14
BRAVE STORM
FOR MEETING
Audience of 500 Come Out to
to Hear DR.. Chapman in
the Tabernacle
TEXT: "WHAT SHALL
lido WITH JESUS ?''
Home Night Service Postponed to Fri
day = Service for Children Aroused
Great Interest - Mortified Meeting
Set for Today Given UP.

"This is the largest audience we We
had, when you consider the storm. How
did you ever get here?" This assertion
and query were made by Rev. DIR. Chap
man when he faced a congregation of
800 or more persons in the tabernacle
last evening. 1t was a surprise to him
that so many persons would come out
in the face of a drifting snow storm.
\ specially interesting meeting was
held and a good number of decisions
were made, among the number being
young man who came 10 miles, frcm
Williamsville, with his pastor fer that
purpose.
Henry Bond, speaking in the absence
of George l.. Durham of the finance
committee, announced in appreciative
terms the fact that the financial re
Spouse had been such that all expenses
had been met, and he called on Mr. Al
exander to lead the congregation in
singing the Doxology. Mr.. Bond an
nounced that the meeting was intended
to be "Home Night meeting, but
that inasmuch as it was desired to have
just as many present as possible at the
~ Home Night service, which wouI1
be the most important service of the
| campaign, he suggested a postponement.
| w TN uItilltttl IcIibS the dutiltHtt NOAC'l
| postponement. and DIR. Chapman
stated that the service would be held
, Friday night regardless of the weather
conditions.
In the afternoon yesterday Rev. C.
T Shaeffer of Athol, Mass, who for
merly was with DR.. Chapman and whom
the latter said was the most effective
person he ever knew in addressing
children, conducted a special meeting
for boys and girls in the tabernacle and
had an audience of $50 children and 30
or more adults. His subject was Hab-
its and he had the children so interest
ed that they rose out of their seats in
their eagerness to see and hear every
thing. He gave physical illustrations
to emphasize his points. Binding a
boy s arms with a thread to illustrate
the beginning of a habit, the boy was
able to break away easily. A stoutel
cord was then used and finally a rope
and chain, which held him fast. An egs
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

permission was granted yesterday by
the supreme court for the state of Yer
mont TO bring suit against New Hamp-
shire in accordance with plan made
week ago, to determine the exact boun-
Diary line between the states on the
west bank of the Connecticut river.
New Hampshire was given until the sec
ond Monday in March to make answer
to the suit.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

coal as contraband of warfare said to
stand in the way of relief from that
quarter. So that one CT the effects of
the European war is to make the high
price Of coal vital question for Italy,
and the absence of any apparent rene
dy is even a more serious question.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

Twelve lessons suffice to teach any one
to guillotine," says the French official exc
cutioncr
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14
To Rent

10 NCmt
TO RENT-Nice six-room tenement.
Charles S. Chase. 233-tf
TO RENT-Two pleasant tenements. In
quire at Locust St. 2O3-tf
TO RENT-Tenement 90 Chestnut St.
81 week. O.. L. Ware. 23O-tf
TO RENT-Upstairs Broom tenement.
"a Prospect ST. E. H. Thomas. 2OS-tf
TO RENT-Furnished room. Gas, bath
and furnace heat. % Harris place 231-tf
TO RENT-Modern tenement, good loca
ton, S14. Inquire at II Prospect St.
233-tf
TO RENT-Modern seven-room house
Two minutes from Main st. H. L. Emer-
son. 235-tf
TO RENT-Four-room tenement partly
furnished on Green street SO. Edgett
& Co. 232-tf
TO RENT-Jownstair fat of 6 rooms
and bath, furnace heat. F. w Nichols, Il
Forest St. 2O5-tf
TO RENT-To men only, furnished
rooms electric lights, heat and bath s
Crosby Terrace. Tel. 6S2. 215-tf
IL RENI - Two good tenements on
Birge street, SO per month. Holden &
Martin, Brattleboro, VT. 144tf
TO RENT - Downstairs tenement, 6
rooms, so Western Ave Inquire of H
G. Barber, or at the house 214-tf
To RENT-Partly furnished apartment
of rooms in The Abbott Address
apartment" care Reformer Office 234- If
TO BENT-Comfortabl 7-room tene-
ment 40 Western Ave. Opportunity to
pay rent in part by doing homework. In
quire at house. 224-tf
TO RENT-Tenements corner Main
and Walnut Streets, frst-class, up-to-
date, with modern improvements. P
| Fleming, s Oak st. 212-tf
TO RENT-New upstairs Groom tene-
ment, modern, furnace and electric lights;
also upstairs tenement of FIVE rooms, both
on car line. Inquire of II. L. Nichols,
Rural f. 231-tf
/ TO RENT-After Jan. LIST the DR.. Wa
/ terman house, so-called, next to the Prin-
cess theatre. This house is suitable for
rooming and boarding house, or a physi
clans residence and office. Also two barns
that can be used as storage connected with
the property. S. w. Edgett & Co, Agts
239-ti
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

FOR SALE OR LEASE-First-c class den
tai office, all equipped. Doing fine bust
ness. In one of the largest cities in Yer
mont. Address, Dental Office care Re
former Office 23O-241
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14
STATE BOUNDARY DISPUTE.

Vermont Given Permission to Sue New
Hampshire.
WASHINGTON, Dec. IA. = Formal
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

! SAVE TRADEMARKS from Babbitt's
Cleanser, Rabbits 1916 Soap Powder,
Rabbits Lye and Rabbits Best Soap.
Bring 80 to A. F. Roberts for beautiful
dressed unbreakable doll 233- 25S
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

PUPIL NURSES wanted at the Taun-
ton State Hospital Training school for
nurses. For particulars address DIR. Ar
thur V. Coos, Supt., Taunton State Hos
pital, Taunton, Mass. 46-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

FOR SALE-1913- Yale twin two-speed
motorcycle, 1915 Rogers sidecar; presto
tank and light; speedometer; hand horn;
tires good First-elass running condition.
S1G5 > Chase street. 243-24S*
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

MRS. !. NJ. SHAW of w. Mortified,
Mass, will be at the Rest Rooms Thurs
days to take orders on all fur work
This ad may not appear again, but
holds good during fur season. 244-245
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

FOR SALE-Wood working machines; /
hand hatcher (shimmer heads, l tenoner
machine, 1 nine-inch blower. Madison
tcnoner, / shaper, double saw arbor, split
pulleys, post hangers, idlers, / 2O-inch
French bur stone for grinding grain, / iron
lathe VIII sell at half cost. f. A, knight,
33T Western Ave 243-24S
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

I WILL RUN a Zoe parcel delivery from
now until after Christmas G; r Atkins
Leave orders at Moneys Plumbing Store.
241 -24S*
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

FOR SALE-Five or SIX big teams, 2700
to 300 These horses are all e aeeLm Ea
weight 22OO. All kinds of wood for sale.
f. A.. Harrow, Flat st. Tel 4S-W. 231-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

SEWING Machine Needles and supplies
for all makes of machines at j. B. Dun
toms, 43 Flat street
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

WANTED-Io buy waste land suitable
for setting pine. II. L. Emerson. 23o-ti
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

| CHIROPODY and Shampoo parlors
Hair goods, made up to order. Mrs. E. P
Bailey, III Main st. Phone. 157-ti
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14
Wanted

WANTED Boarders at % Frost Place.
235-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14
For Sale

FOR SALE-Sand, gravel and loan:
e. G.. Clark. 3O-tt
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

WANTED-Good secondhand sleigh
Wilson Brothers, Spring st. 244-24'
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

| CASH paid for dry four-foot wood. Crys-
tai Springs Ice, Wood & Trucking c. Of
flee, - Main ST. 23S-t If
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

WANTED to learn to drive and
repair automobiles and be prepared to fill
vacancies at good salaries Write for spe-
cial offer. Maine Auto Company, 10 For
est Ave, Portland, Maine. 242-24S*
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

FOR SALE-One Involvement house.
Inauire II West st. 242-247%
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

FOR SALE-Storm door in trst-class
condition. I Oak St. 30 tt
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

w. J. FENTON, plumbing of all kinds.
Agent far Barstow ranges. III Elliot st.
Tel. 427-M s- 22S-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14
Special Notices

MARGARET E. ROOT, public stenog-
rapher. Office, Roots Pharmacy. 761-tf
SHAAGPOOING and Manicuring; electric
vibrator. Miss Mary A Griffin, 139 Main
St. 229-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

TO RENT--Jownstair fat of rooms
and bath, furnace heat. F. w. Nichols, y
Forest st. 2O5-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-12-14

TO RENT-To men only, furnished
rooms electric lights, heat and bath.
Crosby Terrace. Tel $50 215-tf
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-10-23
New York Women Muster
i, $4,000 Sympathizers For
Great Demonstration.
MOTHER AND CHILD 8
DIVISION A FEATURE
Baby carrisss Brigade P'aaasd IN
Reply to charsss Of oppsnsnts ~
Suffrage = Tenn thousand Men
Pledged TO March In Greatest Peg.
cant Ever Prepared For Cause
Mounted Marshais to Direct Parade,

New York, Oct. 23.-Suffrage leaders
today were mobilizinE thousands OF
women and several thousand men for
the march up Fifth avenue In what tho
leaders say will be the greatest demon.
stration ever made in favor Of equal
suffrage. Leaders predicted fully $4,000
women would be in line. at o'clock.
the hour scheduled for the start from
Washington Square. In addition to tho
women more than 10000 men have reg.
istered for the parade.
The chief feature OF this years
march, aside from the numerical
strength. was the mother and child di.
vision. Scores OF children in baby car.
riages. decorated with yellow ana white.
or purple, white and green ribbona.
were included in this division, Tho
mothers believed that the large repre-
sentation OF the children would be an
answer to the ants. who charged that
suffrage workers had neglected their
children to march.
Mounted Marshals Direct Parade
Miss Alberta Hill. as grand marshal,
Is to lead the parade. Miss Hin and
her stan will be on horseback and will
wear black riding habits. black derbies
and broad sashes OF purple, white and
green.
Ten women representing victory.
liberty. equality. Justice, and ak
continents. are to ride on victory"
float In the main body OF the parade.
Other divisions will represent the states
where women now have the franchise.
countries having equal suffrage, psofes-
sional women. business women. enl.
leges. teachers. nurses. actresses. srtioto
| and various nationalities. sSs
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-10-23
'trange or fearful to me-
"She further said.

strange or fearful to me-
She further said:
"I thank God for this ten weeks of
quiet before the end. My life has al
ways been hurried and full of diff
culties; this tirpe the rest has been a
great mercy. They have all been very
kind to me here. But this I would
say, standing as I do in view Of God
and eternity. 1 realize that patriotism
Is not enough. I must have no hatred
or bitterness towards any one
"We partook Of holy communian to-
gether and she received the gospel
message of consolation with all her
heart At the close Of the little service
began to repeat the words Abide
With Me-" and she Joined softly in the
end. @
I'VE sat quietly talking until it was
time for me to go. She gave me part
ing messages for relatives and friends
She spoke of her souls needs at the
moment and she received the assur-
ance of Gods words as only Z christian
can do.
Then I said goodbye and she smiled
and said, We shall meet again.
"A German military chaplain was
with her at the end and afterward
gave her christian burial He told
me:
"'She was braye and bright to the
last. She professed her christian faith
and said she was glad to die for her
country. She died like heroine"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-10-23
U. s, Ranohmen in Danaer.

Brownsville, Tex, Oct. 23.-Ranch-
men living along the Rio Grande. near
McAllen, fifty miles west Of here, to-
day appealed to Governor Ferguson for
protection for their lives and proper
ty. If this can not be had. their ap-
peal said, they ask immunity from
prosecution IN order that they may at
their own risks cross the Rio Grande
and secure property stolen from them
and taken into Mexico.
They alleged more than 100 head of
cattle had been stolen from near
Hidalgo Tex. within a week.
Lieut.. H. B. Johnson, Of the Third
cavalrx, today near VillaneUya arrested
three Mexicans on suspicion in con-
nection with the train wreck and rob-
berry Monday night. Five Mexicans are
now held.
Police officers have found a letter
at the scene of the wreck which leads
them to believe that Aniceto Piano
was connected with the train robbery.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-10-23
WOMAN BATTLES COUGAR.
Beast Put to Flight After Attacking
Mother and Babe.

Aberdeen. Wash. Oct. 23.-By giving
battle with piece of iron pipe to
cougar which had attacked her. Mrs. E.
Burkhardt saved her baby's life and her
own at her home near Taholah. thirty
miles from here, according to word re-
ceived by her parents here today.
Mrs. Burkhardt was walking along
the mountain trail, when she came
across q cougar chasing fox. The
cougar abandoned Its chase and turned
on the woman and her baby. Seizing .
piece Of pipe. beside the trail. the wom-
an faced tho linfuriated animal as 1t
sprang at her and carried away part
OF her gown. A fierce battle ensued.
during which the animal ripped the
woman's clothing to ribbons. The babe
,clug tightly to the mothers neck. but
the iron was welded with such effect
that the cougar was put to flight.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-10-23
Nchra,ka Meets Notre Dame.


Chicago. Oct. 28.-Footbal teams OF
the west faced important games today.
All of the "big nine" elevens, save In
diana, were in action. outside OF the
western conference the schedule
brought together Notre Dame and
Nebraska, at Lincoln. and the Univer-
sity Of Michigan and Michigan Aggies
at Ann Arbor. Both Notre Dame and
Nebraska claimed the western cham
pionship last season, the two teams
this year are regarded by experts as
being every bit as powerful
Nebraska relied on its speed to on
set the weight advantage of Notre
Dame.
Michigan will get its first severe
test Of the season in facing the Aggies.
In the "big nine,' the wisconsin
Ohio state game attracted unusual In
terest, as both teams are considered
championship possibilities. Illinois had
northwestern as its opponent. The
team is crippled. while Northwestern
presented its full fighting force.
Chicago was prepared for the stiff
est kind OF game from Purdue.
Minnesota and Iowa, two undeteated
conference elevens, clashed at Mime
apolis The Niinne:cta machine was
without the services OF Solon. who has
been one Of the main supports. Wig
tory for the Gophers. however, was
conceded by experts.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-10-23
RUSSIANS, CLAIM SUCCESSES.
Drive Germans Westward at Several
P0ints on lonq Front.

1.-two SgSSUOuo "0Sb"aG0 AZ S0SS6at
Points on Long Front.
Petrograd, via London, Oct. a.
Russian military authorities regard the
situation along the front of 675 miles
as favorable from their point of view.
Three days ago the German efforts be-
tween MitaI and the gulf of Riga pre-
sented a serious problem. AT the pres
ent time the status In that sector is
considered Ly the Russians as satisfac-
tory. The Germans have been checked
and their sphere Of action IS being mar
rowed constantly.
Eastward the Russians are success
fully pressing the Germans, gaining
ground in many places. Their most re-
cent success has been at Postavy. This
town was taken and the Germans were
driven westward thru Duka, in q fierce
battle.
From that vicinity south to the
Baranovichi region there is little activ-
ity at present. In the immediate vi
clnity of Baranovichi the Russians are
still on the offensive. In Galicia the
Russians are following up their sue
cesses at Nevo Alexinetv. 1t is stated
that three German divisions were
cut, to pieces there.
The Russians attribute their sue
cesses to their vigor and the weak
ened condition of the Germans. Two
armies have. been detached for service
in Serbia.