The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-06-29

stories of the early explorers They
are described as a gentle people. very
nospitab@e and lovable. 1t may have
been for this reason that the Snani-
arus dld not enslave them, as they did
the meas. the Aymaras, Quichuas and
otner nations Of the high Andes. They
unlIeu with them and took the women
as wives and their ~escendan be-
came. subjects of Spain. The indian
women were faithful to their Spanish
foVers. indeed, a great plot which
was formed to wipe out the whites
shortly after they first came to this
country in 1889 was revealed by an
Indian girl who was in love with a
S~paniard. The massacre was to have
occurred on Holy Thursday when all
the SpanlardS were collected in their
settlement a Asuncion. The Indi-
ans were about to begin their bloody
work when the Spanish governor an
nounced the plot and captured the
ringleaderS. He executed them and
after that the other Indians submitted
and gave up their sisters and daugh-
terS to the SpaniardS. This was the
beginning of the union of the races.
AS Paraguay became more and mora
settled, the Jesuits encouraged the
marriage Of the S~paniards and Indi-
ans. The JeSuitS converted the Indi-
ans to Catholicism and hey built up
here a great Catholic nation, which
was largely composed Of red men. AT
one time they had colonies of Guarani
Indians which numbered more than
100, 900. They had their own settle
Iments and had built up great farms
and Industries. They owned 100, 900
horses and mules, $50. $50 sheep. and
i million cattle. They had also great
orange plantations and factories
where they made yerbe mate. the
: dried leaves OF which are used for
| Paraguay tea. In these establish
ments The Indians were largely en-
: plOyed as laborers. They were made
to work on the farms, but at the same
2 time they were educated and Chris
, ,tianiZed. The ndian rose and went
to bed at the stroke Of a bell. Their
I lands were divided into sections, and
\ a part was allotted to the support OF
3 their families. Other sections be-
! longed to the church and one-half OF
e each week had to be devoted to work
= upon the church lands. They also
worked in the yerbe forests. Every
. thing was systematic and the Indians
= worked. played and slept to the beat.
ing Of the drum. Then there came
y a great outcry against the Jesuits anl
they were expelled. The people go
their lands in severalty and began t.
hold them as they do now. Still tn
q Jesuits did great good. They gave tn
~ Indians a standardization. The.
n translated the Scriptures into tn
Guarani and left the Indians a writer
he language which is now in use her
y and throughout the country.
N The Guaranis Of early South Ameri
8. ca a no great chief. The nation wa
made up of tribes and it's people live.
8, on the skirts of the forests or in littl
la openings in the hills. Their chief foo
"a was maize, beans, peanuts, mandiOc
re and sweet potatoes. They had ais
u honey, wild fruits and monkeys to ca.
They caught fish with arrows Or fish
a hooks made Of wood, and they ha
40 granaries in which they stored the
On corn. The people were then, as nov
shorter than the average whites. The
ed were Of a dark red color. Everywher
there were more ome thar mel
lie The women married young usual
by the age Of twelve, ana the men
Of little later.
er AS time went on and the marriae
with the whites continued, the Gual
ms ami nation became q hybrid one.
Of was mixed with the whites and tn:
at with some of the cavaliers Of Spai1
DR., This is the character of a great pa
lie. of the Paraguay of today, a populate
ay noted for its pOliteneSs and cOurteS
tribes Of the Chaco, the most of who
are ava and of a low civilizatio
in There seem to be many tribes al
each has it's own Independent exis
Of nee and it's own language. Some a
)ut mere hunters and fishers. others ha'
cattle and others little farms OF co
land mandioca and other vegetables.
Among the best known tribes a
-ell the Lenguas, the ChumacOcaS and Il
lite TOBIAS. The Lenguas are a chocOlat
Of colored people who live in the mort
;oc ern part Of the ChacO, and some
- -I~-o - -o-v NJ fhan ~ no soar,
to- "HoIl are nov anu theH " oe seen
rye hsulclon. ny aie nau"n ~ :
in their ears. In the past they wO
wooden plugs in their lower lips b
this custom has now disappeared. O
VIZ in the forests the men wear blanke
in daorsE;n Noorly ali naint their IA
of