davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02

She's the only member OF the An
glo'French "billion.dollar loan" com.
mission now in America who. isn't the
least bit interested in finance. She's
the only woman travelling with the
commission and she's more interested
IN American shops than American
banks. She's travelling companion to
her father. Sir Edward Hopkinson
Holden Of the commission.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02
To Remove Ins.c. In Ear.

o HcmoVe Insect m Ear.
II an insect gets into a persons ear
the person should lie down at once
on the opposite side and have the af-
fected ear filled up with sweet olive
oil. which will probably kill the insect
and cause 1t to float re the part OF
the ear where 1t can be picked out.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02
MRS. pARIo REsrA pR 1v1NG Her owN CAR.

lish.Italian driver who has won fame
In this country, must suffer.
Mrs. Resta's own brother, youns
Spencer Wishart, was killed in race
at Elgin, ILL.,, two years ago. Yet.
few months Nter the sister eloped
with Dario Resta.
81 just pray that fate will be kind
to DGrio." she says, "and. of course,
/ can do nothing but trust in It,"
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02

lob the wife Of man who earns
his living by driving monster OF a
racing car at speed Of 100 miles an
hour in automobile races and who
may lose his life any minute-how
would you like that for domestic
career?
That's the ordeal of fear that Mrs.
Dario Resta, wife OF the famous Eng
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02

Don't begin the winter with q base.
ment full or rubbish. Burn this rub.
Dish during the first cool days OF
early fall-this sort of cleanliness
means better health in the home.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02

bur is well known In this city and
scores OF his friends will attend the
Temple tomorrow to hear his sermons.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02
HE TIL HINTS
sssArepaHomes

Itonce was customary at about this
time OF the year 70 anil down win.
dows, bank the house about with
straw and otherwise exert every IN.
genuity TO hermeticaily seal Il.
These sealed homes housed sir or
eight persons through the winter.
These persons breathed the same aid
over and over again-and air Is not
only exhausted in consequences Of
much breathing and rebreathing, but
also made nauseating by coal gases,
fumes from the cook stove and human
exhalations. ss..
Z Those who lived in the sealed
homes generally suffered from head.
aches. ruined digestion and other
numerous ailments, wondering why
they should be thus afflicted.
Probably these sealed homes are
one cause OF, the many ills that coun
try people suffer: for It sunfortunatels
Is true that many country homes stiil
are sealed with the coming Of cold
weather.
City homes are not usually thus
closed. However. at this time OF the
year many persons replace theiI
screens with storm windows and su
perheat the atmosphere in which they
live.
1t is advised. therefore. that the
sealed house" be avoided, In the ID.
terests OF good health.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02
RETURNED FROM Texas.

Miss verna Kergan has returned to
Fairmont after spendiig the summer
with her sister. Mrs. Charles schuck,
in Ell Paso. Texas.
EnYroute here she spent few days
in Frostburg, Md, with her parents.
Miss Kersan is the primary teacher
in the Thoburn School and will. re.
sumo her duties Monday.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02

imaginary discus as illustrated in the
accompanying picture by Americas
famous 1915 beauty, Kay Laurell OF
"Ziegfeld's Follies."
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-10-02

1t Is advised, therefore. that the
sealed house" be avoided, In: the In
terests OF good health.
New-York tribune., 1915-03-21
mperled by Blockade

ference cod add than 900 ga to the foregoing figures
1t scas because of GerndnyS demand cotton that the United
States exports of staple increased from about $GOOOO January
19 to neqy SOO January year. Of this 7corh
of cotton 7chih recently looked upon By the Allies
traband Gemany took than SO0O0O rO Smag Germany
receed from United States copper Januy this year.
Ded 7h 6OOO 7corth January The the trae
these staples hoc disastrous paper bocade MAY
the commercial exchange relations h GERMANY
New-York tribune., 1915-03-21

nations export and import trade u GERMANY cc ras be-
fore the ar bulk only to that of the United Kingdom has been
increasing stea jumping from s8000O0o m l9l! to '0O0ooo u"
1918 and last all approximate figures all tins COM
eyca barter apparently to be cut off, not by dS along M
German coast but by ,carss seng the high ahaer part
f the maritime 7Ord this trade be found m0Jing from Gemany
While Order Council the outcome Of GERMANY
submarine zcare cch proclaimed by Austria and Tey e
1os of our trade Ausia and Turkey that also subject TO inter-
New-York tribune., 1915-03-21

stitution, Napoleon expressed approval It was
injurious to England, and added little TO the
pressure upon France exerted by the Orders in
Council through the British control of the ocean,
NON-INTERCOURSE TOOK PLACE OF
THE EMBARGO.
But domestic as we'll as foreign suffering
ensued as a result of the embargo, and there
was much popular disapproval against it, and
in March, 1909, the embargo act was repealed
and resort was had to non-intercoursc This
proved unsatisfactory for numerous reasons,
one of which was that many American mer-
chants evaded the act by sending goods to
Great Britain and her possessions-to which
British ships by way of Canadian ports Presi-
dent Madison in April, 1872, established
ninety-day embargo authorized by Congress
in secret session, and this was followed within
a fortnight by an act prohibiting expectation
by land, affecting trade across the Canadian
border. This act was recognized as prelude
to war, as it was in this instance, for the War
of 1872 began in June.
The United States has stood insistently and
consistently for the custom of making
blockade effective with warships in order to
be binding upon neutrals. Mr.. Madison, Sec
rotary of State in 1906, in note to Mr. Mon
roe. Minister to England, wrote that
the fictitious blockade proclaimed by Great Britain
and made the pretext for violating the commerce
of neutral nations has been of the greatest
abuses ever committed on the high seas
Ports have been proclaimed in state of blockade
previous to the arrival of any force to them, were
considered in that state without regard to inter-
missions in the presence of the blockadng force,
and the proclamation left in order after its final
departure the British cruisers during the whole
time Selling every vessel bound to such ports, at
whatever distance from them. . The whole
scene was perfect mockery in which fact was
sacrificed to form and right to powe- and plunder.
Several years earlier Mr.. Madison had held
that the laws of nations required, to consti-
tute a blockade, that there should be the
presence and position of force rendering access
to the prohibited places manifestly difficult and
dangerous.
In 1861, during a discussion by the
United States and Great Britain on the one
hand and by Brazil on the other hand regard
New-York tribune., 1915-03-21
By STANTON B. KING.


Upon the maintenance of communications the
Life of an army depends, upon the maintenance of
commerce the vitality of a state. For the
success of war, offence is better than defence.
To capture an enemy's property at sea,
when in process of commercial exchange, is
weapon of offensive war."-The late Admiral A. T.
Mshan L. s. y.
TT IS striking commentary on the sim
certy OF nations that customs which are
II proclaimed in time of peace to be inter
national law are abrogated in time Of
war, if found to operate contrary to the in
tsrests Of any of the nations which established
them. History now IN the making in Europe
indicates that although there rndeniably are
International customs and international prece-
dents, there is no such thing as international
law
Napoleon created a paper blockade OF the
British Isles. England retcrted in kind Both
France and England half century later re-
pudiated this method of making war. When
they signed this repudiation-the Declaration
Of Paris-they were at peace with Germany.
To-day, at war with the Teuton, they are
again proclaiming what amounts to paper
blockade
On the lst day OF this month Great Britain
and France informed neutral nations in this
World War that such powers at peace must
refrain from commercial intercourse with Ger
many. Great Britain and France under the
text Of their identical notes to the United
States held themselves
free 10 detsiu and take into port ships carrying
soods Of presumed enemy destination, ownership
OF origin.
PROVISIONS AND RESTRICTIONS OF
THE ALLIES DECLARATION.
By this declaration, issued preliminary to
the British Order in Council, made public only
last Monday, confirming it, Great Britain and
France denied TO neutrals the right 20 send
even non-contraband goods to Germany
Neither tho text of the identical notes OF
March nor that of the Order in Council con-
sains the word blockade" and British and
French warships hcve not as yet been sta
toned along the coast Of Germany; but under
NE order neutral commerce is denied access
h.. 81 o11ardSd
'srmany's enemy warships in force in ac-
eordance with international customs Great
Britain and France reserve the right, under
ne order, to stipulate not alone that neutral
merchant vessels shall not go to Germany
goods suspected to be destined for Germany
must obtain passes to enter even neutral or
allied ports, under penalty of seizure OF the
D'uefal cargoes if contrsband, and either
'e9uisition or restoration of the neutral car
s'ss II non-contraband. Similarly, neutral
vessels Of commerce are restricted, if they
'''e German ports, from reaching their des-
Saatons until their cargoes, either contraband
hon-eontraband, shall be discharged at
.''ash or Allied ports, there to be requisi-
'"ed tor governmental uses or detained or
wv under the direction of prize court.
'ae Declaration of Paris in 1856 stipulates
aa
aSs ''''f " ~
New-York tribune., 1915-03-21
and T rance.

was declared further that all merchandise British
belonging to England though it proceeding
might be of neutral ownership proceeding since Napole
from British manufactures colonies by British
legal prize for the French This decree BORE At this
wrote the late Admiral A. T. Mahan u. S. NJ retaliation
the impress Of authors mind, which, however
repee knowledge concerning conventional 'teo 10 VIZ
defined in accordance with arrived
momentary often hay impulses of his neutral
will, and consequently often also with the OBJ
scury attendant upon ll-digesed ideas VISITS Oy DIT
This decree of Berlin constituted Napoleon's pD
Continental system, designed cripple Eng - :.
lands extensive commerce. The enterprise :.
again to quote Admiral Mahan,
was distinctly military only British Isles
of a similar character, to which exist
ing international law was unequal To UNITED 81
time dominion, equally exclusive equally founded
;or ovsr tbe nonulations Of the sea Embargo
questered"
Ims fnari'ihe oonnhioi' ie'ahd'0S United Stat
move oy England WAS ahouheeo III Oe'' methods and
in Council in January, 1907 establishing in .sort.d in
blockade of paper, since neutral mer protecting Al
chant shpis of presumed destination sb;ns Of bloc
considered by England liable seizure s illegal ant
dissiilar the present tyo b.Ilieere
day by Great Britain and France with rial rn.ssae.
relation to and from Germany, ~
the chief distinction between the forms from The mort
of paper bockades being that in the present III, CO..
0iie "'' pi' ' e ~ 6 passe
Will iea'" 'e 0""@' - ' s shpping-for
AMEp1cA DESPITE TRADE LOSSES The House,
TOOK NO ACTION DOORS alter
of 81 to A p
The United States pursued neutral course Presidents
during this continued suffering her Der a. 1907
merce November 1907 further Orders in States ports
Council issued by the British Government de- loaded or
cared that this act.
1t exp
all ports from which the British flag is excluded , -.
shall henceorth be subject the a' "'' W
of trade and navigation, with but Admiral
hereinafter mentioned, if the
actually bockaded in the most
strict rigorous by his maestys naval cers
forces leved to be h
go feelings alreaC
Under this ORDER neutral vessels sans ior include
France required-the exceponto touch action
New-York tribune., 1915-03-21

Great Britain, France and Germany were
among the signatory powers.
The Declaration of London in 1909 pro-
claims, in Article II, that
In accordance with the Declaration Of Paris,
1856, blockade, in order to be binding, must be
effective-that is to say, it must be maintained
by force sufficient really to prevent access to
the enemy coast.
This conference Of nations was called at the
invitation of the British government. The
powers represented including England, France
and Germany, never ratified the Declaration
of London, but the rules contained therein
correspond in substance with the recognized
international principles.
PAPER BLOCKADES CAUSE OF THE
PARIS DECLARATION.
The Declaration of Paris, signed approxi-
mately half-century after the Napoleonic
wars, was direct outcome OF the violence and
confusion resulting from the paper blockades
cStdpNSHcC curing tHoSo "aio~e Poi'iNoi
chaos, during which the United States went to
war with Great Britain after trade disputes
which injured both nations.
Napoleon, desiring to cut Great Britain of
from connection with Continental Europe, Is
sued in November, 1906, his famous Berlin De-
cree, declaring the British Isles to be in state
of blockade This was, however, nothing ex-
cept blockade of paper, for France at the
time dared not send warship to to en-
force the decree, owing to the supremacy OF
the British navy. The Berlin Decree was the
Emperor's retort to a blockade of a portion
of the French coast proclaimed by England
some six months ea-lier; Napoleon claimed
that England had not supported the procla-
nation with an adequate force OF ships, and
had therefore contravened international prin-
ciples-a charge denied by the British gov
ernment, which maintained that Napoleon had
no Just basis for his decree.
The Berlin Decree, written a retaliatory
measure, set forth
that the British Isles were thenceforward in a
state of blockade; that all correspondence and
commerce were prohibited that trade in English
merchandise was forbidden
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-08-13

Poverty, idIeness, hunger, death
that is the lot of American labor!
The Manley report which the
United States industrial relations
commission has just ordered sub
mitted to congress, declares the fol-
lowing to be the conditions of labor
and industry in America:
Of the millions and millions of
workingmen in this country, one
third are poverty-stricken.
Thirty-seven per cent of wives and
mothers of workingmen are forced
to do hard work themselves to help
keep the wolf from the door
$500 per year is the income of half
of the wage-earning fathers.
Less than SIS per week is the
wages of two-thirds of the adult male
workers.
Nearly half the women workers
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-08-13

earn less than Sc per week.
Three or more persons occupy
every sleeping room in 81 per cent of
the workers homes.
Babies of the poor die three times
as fast as those of the rich.
Nearly 20 per cent of the school
children Of this country are Underfed
and undernourished.
One out of every twelve corpses1
in New York is buried in the POtters'
field.
Economic pressure forces two
thirds of all children to leave gram
mar school before graduating, and
only 10 per cent finish high school.
Farm tenancy is increasing at an
appalling rate. LandlOrdism is there
fore increasing at an appalling rate.
Workers in basic industries are out
Of jobs one-ffth of the time.
There are A families with incomes
equal to the earnings of 100000
wOrkingmen.
The ''rich," 2 per cent of the peo-
pie, own go per cent of the wealth of
the nation.
Stxty-fVe per cent own less than 5
per cent.
Industrial conditions are RESPONSE
BILE for our biggest crime problems.
Labor and living conditions in this
country are such today that immi-
grants only come from Italy, Russia,
AUstria-Hungary and other back.
ward" nations of Europe.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-08-13

by by government
investigators industrial conditions from
University Hopkins Princeton Har-
universities Wisconsin California Alabama and Colo
o
the commission into
therefore that three bobtaed
plainly labeled parnw also be forwarded One will be
the representatives. by Prof Commons and Mrs Har
and labor representatives with Chairman
big fact ManIey entirety will
the
general industry goes congress anley
document:
Congress
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-08-13

and Ivy Lee to appear and give testi-
mOny they refused before the indus
trial relations commission.
It points out the appalling menace
of private armies" maintained by
huge corporations, and calls for suit
able legislation to abolish them.
It points conditions which can be
directly laid to the door of the
Rockefeller interests.
It declares that the Rockefeller
Foundation is supported by money
withheld from the workers and will
recommend legislation that will curb
or break it up.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-01
DANCE At HLACkSBURG.
Annual MIdwintcr Amir Given by V. r..
j. CotfIlIon Club.
ISpecit DO The T!mes. Disnalch.1

lSpccitl To The Times DispatchJ
BLAckSBCRG, VA. January al
The cotillion club of tho Virginia Poly
technic Institute gave it's annual mid
winter dance in the gymnasium of the
new field house on Friday evening and
was also host at "a less formal hop at
the same place last night This was
the first time the building has been
used for such purpose. and many ex-
pressions of approval were heard as TO
the athletic house and its adaptability
for dancing. At midnight sandwiches
coffee and candies were served Home
made confcctions were handed the
guests throughout the evening and
fruit punch was also served during the
intcrmissionS of the dance. The chap
erones present included Mrs L. & Ran
doiph. Mrs. J. :. a. Johnson Mrs New
man. Trs. j. Williams Mrs. V. j. Da-
wilson. of Virginia Polytechnic insti-
tute: Mrs. Stancil, OF Roanoke and
others The couples dancing were:
Miss Watson, Of WEIGH, and -. y. Nor
rison: Miss Landes. OF Pulaski. and a
+. Sibold: Miss Ruby Harris. of Roa-
nokc. with W. II. HUMPHREYS: Miss
Anna May Black. OF Norfolk and ~ c.
Wright; Miss Rcbcccn Louder. of Bris-
toi. and r. H. Norvell; Miss Galway. of
Radford. and Walter Budwcll. Miss
Pansy Meek, OF Tazcwc ell, and l. "
Fuqua; Miss Clara Lyon. Of Shipinan
and l. y. Gaines: Miss Julia Fills. of
Shawsvillc. ana T II. Pierce; Miss Kath-
crime Loving. OF Albcmarle. and s. NJ
White: Miss Rebccca kearsley, of Rad
ford. and George Wood. Miss Florence
blanchard. Of Bristol. and l. T. Clark
Miss Hazel Fitzgerald. of Roanoke. and
l.. T.. Johnson; Miss Evelyn w White
OF Shawsvillc. and q. X. Randolph: Miss
Elvie Wood. OF Hampton. and J. r Will
son: Miss Eleanor PARROT, OF Blacks
burg, and d. -. Digg; Miss Pauline
k!rshmann, of Richmond. and r. c.
Brnner; Miss Charlotte Mathews and
W. II. Byrne; Miss Virginia Tompkins,
of New York ard y. G. Macon: Miss
Marion Kelsey. OF Roanoke, and II. T..
Watson, Miss Minnie Davidson and f
Cenling: Miss Virginia Mish. OF Staun-
ton. and 7. T.. Clcmmcr; Miss Melita
Miller, of Christiansburg. and g. r.
Moore; Miss Margaret Elicit. OF Chris
tiansburg, ana w. T. Saunders; Miss
Cora Davidson. and DR.. j. w Watson:
Miss Helen Gilmore. OF Lynchburg and
r. l.. Butler; Mrs. c. T.. Nawter and
NJ. Nawter, Colonel and Mrs $. w
Andng; Mr.. and Mrs. D. VI Cloyd;
stays: j. y. Otey. w c. Wysor and
others. The cotilion was led by Mr..
Randolph and Miss White, and there
were a number of guests other than
those dancing present for a part of the
evening
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-01
TINY WHITE HOUSE BABY
POSES FOR HIS PICTURE
Little Francis Snyre Hux Good Record
for His First Week I'm
World.

WASHINGTON. January 31.-Francis
Sayre. the eleventh baby born in the
White House. was week old yester-
day. First he was presented with an
efiigy of Princeton tiger, that he
might be influenced In his youth toward
seeking an education within the insti-
tuition recently under the guidance of
his famous grandfather. Then he was
furnished with Il neat little pair OF box
ing gloves. that. as his fifty ninc-year-
old Erandad. tho President. said, he
might learn to strike out for him
self" in due season. Next came to the
White House serviceable pair of blue
jean orerals that he might ever be re-
minded that he is to be one of the great
mass OF working people on whom tho
welfare Of the republic depends Now
he has posed for the camera as evil
dence that he and his relatives appre-
ciate the fact that he Is n real White
House baby and that all the people of
the United States are Interested in him.
These pictures were taken Friday
afternoon and we're intended only for
distribution among members of tho
Presidents family
That's pretty good record for one
week for any baby that hasn't vet
learned to make a speech that isn't VET
INJURED to the customary White House
habit OF being interviewed rerulorly
but he's growing. That much may be
admitted on no less authority than
that of the President himself
VI course the youngster started with
handicap. Every one thought, Of
course. that he would be named after
his distinguished grandfather, but
grandfather had something to saw
about that. He wanted to give the lit
tie fellow n Square deal" and start
even with the world, so he was finally
named Francis Sayre.
Though there have been eleven White
House babies, all of whom have pros
pered, there was but ono child OF n
President born within the executive
mansion. That was Miss Esther Cleve-
land.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-01
PRESIDENT TO DELIVER
IMPORTANT ADDRESS

WASHINGTON. January 81. = resi-
dent Wilson will deliver before the con-
vcntion Of the Chamber of Commerce OF
the United States here on Wednesday
night what his advisors say will be one
of the most important speeches Of his
administration.
The President is expected to discuss
the shipping bill, the forthcoming meet
ing of South and Central American
financial experts in the United States
to consider trade relations In the West
ern Hemisphere. and other steps pro-
posed to assist American foreign COM
merce.
Secretaries McAdoo and Rcdfeld also
are to discuss the shipping bill at the
convention from the standpoint of the
administration. Senator Burton, OF
Ohio. will give the viewpoint of the
Republican, opposition.
Many delegates had arrived tonight
TO attend to-morrow's meeting of the
board of directors of tho chamber
When the convention assemblies on
"Wednesday there will be representa-
tiVes from every state except New Mex
leo and from Alaska, Hawaii and the
Philippines. More than COO commercial
organizations and firms compose the
membership of the chamber