Bisbee daily review., 1915-09-05
GREAT CHANGES HAD
IN POLAND FROM THE
CHANGE OF NATIONS
Three Branches Of Poland, AuStriI
an, German and Russian Domi
mated BY TeutOns; Some of
the Great Changes Impending.


liancy of the military movement is
now being viewed for the tremendous
effects it has brought about, territori-
al, economic and political in that To-
cality Polish quarters have summed
u psome of these changes, drawing
their data largely from the writings
of r. Dmowski for many years the
Warsaw member of the Russian Duma
and the spokesman there for the Pol
ish element While a member of the
Duma, Mr. Dmowski has been a Sc
we're critic of the Russian regime. so
that his view of conditions has the
apparent merit of being Independent
while at the same time il comes from
one intimately familiar with the coun-
try which the Germans have now
overrun. Some of the more striking
changes resulting from the German
occupation are these:
The three branches of Poland now
united under German authority
man Poland, Austrian Poland ana
Russian Poland-have a population
that gives Poland sixth place in point
Of rank, among the powers of Europe.
1t comes next to Italy, and exceeds
in numbers all the Balkan states put
together Bulgaria, Serbia. Greece
and Roumania; exceeds also all the
Scandinavian and Dutch countries
united Sweden, Denmark
land Holland, and exceeds two Of the
next larger countries, Spain and Por-
4 tugal together This does not refer
to the area of recent military opera
tons. but to the whole range of So
icalled Poland as it has been divided
.up to this time among Russia. Ger
.many and Austria
Some of the British observers COM
.pare the area of German occupation
.with that of the Allies i'm South Africa
land the Pacific islands. But the lat
ter are tropical wastes recently taken
over for colonization, whereas Mr..
DmowsH shows that Poland is one Of
the most densely inhabited sections
Of Europe, averaging 80 persons to he
square kilometer. or more than the
thickly populated districts of France.
of Russia, with extensive banking
industrial and commercial 'organiza-
tons coal mines and agriculture.
largely in the hands of the Polish in
habitants Even the policy Of Rus
sianizng the Polish districts which
has been carried on for some years,
has not changed the character of the
native people. which remains strong
lily Polish
The three parts of this extensive
Polish region now brought together
| are: Prussian Poland, including the
four provinces of Posen. West Prussia.
East Prussia and Upper Silesia, with
population of 100000 of which
| $500 are Poles; Austrian Poland,
comprising Galisia and Lower Silesia.
with 100000 population of which
| about half are Poles; Russian Poland.
| including the province of Poland with
1l,500,OOO population, chiefly Poles,
and what are known as the annexed
| provinces of Kovno Wilma Grodno
! Minsk, Mohilew and Vitebsk, having
a conglomerate population Of little
and white Russians Poles, Lithuan-
ans and Ruthenians. These are the
three great Polish branches which are
now wholly or largely under German
control
The regime which the Germans will
set up i'm Russian Poland is being
awaited with the keenest interest by
he Polish element as it will deter
| nine whether the policy will be to
| reconcile the Poles and bring the
| three branches together again, or TO
Use this rich region for German colon
cation, gradually Germanizing it and
| eNinguishing the separate Polish spir
II. This latter has been the policy
| IF Russia and the difficulties it has
had after years of effort indicates the
| difficulties ahead for the German re-
| zine, whichever course it adopts.
Mr. Dmoweki sums up Poland's po
tion under Russia as that of a mil
tary occupation, with an the admins
| ration at Warsaw and elsewhere car
red on by the Russian officials, the
chools and universities. conducted by
! Russian teachers and teaching the
| Russian language, the police entirely
| Russian, and the whole direction Of af
'airs in Russian hands. And yet, he
odds. after forty years of Russian eff
fort, Poland still remains distinctly
Polish, with the great business insti
stutions. commerce and agriculture
/ ,arried on by the Poles.
1T is exactly for this reason he
,ays, that Poland is in one Of tn'
ltrangest positions that can be imae
med the state which possesses j
ioes not know what to do with it,; i
has not found the means Of trans
forming il into a Russian country, an'
9 does not wish to permit it to become
B q Polish country"
4 This is the problem which the Ger
! man regime win have 10 deal with
and which the Russians have not beef
s | lble to solve As showing how Polant
has succeeded in resisting Russianiza
ion, DIT Dmowski cites the curiou
fact that while Russian officials con
d rolled the election machinery, Pc
= ish votes sent solid Polish delegation
20 the Duma Az one time, in the SEE