The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-21
million Moldavians and Rumanians,

and 1851, 900 Turko-Tatars. And
each Of these major divisions Is mi
nutely subdivided. Beside this con-
glomcration the Americana melting
pot may stand as n symbol of homo
geneity.
In two chapters preparatory to con-
sideration Of the political problems OF
this huge and seemingly unwieldy
population the author C the evo-
luton OF "the state and Of the popu-
lar mind" the formation of the en-
pire. the long submergenct Of the peo-
pie in serfdom. numb, sullen or saw
agely rebellious under a driving au-
tocracy; the increasing contact with
the Western world. This he prefers
to Measure in terms of trade. In the
first quarter of the Nineteenth century
Russia's part in the business OF the
world, imports and exports, averaged
about $50, 200. 900 a year: in the @
ond, $40, 000. 900; in the third, $780,
600. 900, and from 1875 to 1900, S565.
900. 900. In the first 1--WE years of the
twentieth century her commercial
turnover" increased by one-third. And
whereas a century & So per cent.
Of Russia's exports were sent out by
sea. at the end Of tho century eXpor-
tation by land. GRO the continental
borders. had advanced from a meagre
IL per cent. to very nearly a full half
of the total volume. Grain, wood,
coal, oil. petroleum. iron and other
commodities have been shipped owe
that line In enormous quantities. and
gold has been flowing back from Eng
land, France. Belgium and Germany.
Few Americans can have anything
like an adequate conception of the
development Of Industrial centres in
Russia, fairly rivalling u own, If not
in present scope and activity. GER
tainly in the extent of still undevel-
oped resources. and in the creation Of
n mobile labor army. And Yet Russia,
like this country. tor ali its growth
in manufacture. Is still a granary of
The world. Her exports have boon
In excess of her imports by some
sjj. 900 900 a year. In 1896. 1897 and
1898 wheat was $50 per cent. of her
total export; in 1903, s2.4 per cent.
some $500. 900, 900 worth. But the
modern soul is iron: In 1923 Russian
roundrics handled 1850. 900 tons oi
castings; in 1902, 100000 tons. In
those two years the production of iron
and steel was $4,000 tons and 1870
900. In the period between them
Russia advanced in foundry work
from sixth place 70 fourth among
the nations. going ahead Of Frame
and Austria, And this progress has
been supported largely by European
capital. France. England and Be-
GUM. with h avy investments ii
Russia. have an lnteres. in her pros.
pcritv which Is anything but Senti-
mental. Viewed internally. the sig
~niir3nt fact is hat the autOcracy
with the aid Of European capita
has not only succeeded in making
Itself independent Of the middle
classes. but refuses to allow the latter
TO acquire political power. Thanks to
modern technical msthods, IL has
fortified the mechanism of the stat,
without modifying the desrotic char.
aCter OF its authority. and mas some.
rfmcS suggested the strange spectacle
Of "A Tamerlanc or an Attila ealippe.
with the telephone and wireless teleg.
raphy."
Mr.. AleNinsky compares Russian
ga pital.Sm" with the American
rather than the European model
-, a., D.. 49, 49,
III .hn,, iaoo h,, :. 49, $500.
ri.r 80, -a,.It,. 49,. 60" 49,
,,yor ra,,,,,a - r,,,stn -. -,
otr,or co,r,,rv ,onamsn .s,,au, 49,;
mos. hos n,on ,aa 80. -.
,i,;or ,L,h ,,as.a1 800, -.
u,hara T,a ouaa,a =, n..-I"s
tacbpious and ,,w.,oa colo 49, nov.
r., 81, 49,, ~. a. -,
-, .rr,ni,i,n in.,ir,, -
.rs fl, them IN for resistance In mo
nopoly. Archaic laws in r,,gu,ation n
commercial and Industrial relation,
are pointed TO as an obstacle TO proe
rcss. Tho latcs; date We notice i'm IN,
book * 1911. and the greater mar, T.
more antioua,ed even than that. Tn,
author Laws stress upon III. Govern
men, of vodka The 10
linuuishment OF that souro. of in
come at a time when tho need of in
come is peculiarly messing. a per
Torrance unparalleled either in econ
omy or in morals. throws the strong
est # concentrated RAYS p
Russian progress. And tho ex- Depu
tvs pity for the 'collectivity OF w,g,
slaves" The ever increasing proic
t~arianization" of the population
which would have aroused sympath,
"A year ago rs rather out Of date TO
, laV. Without rnmantiCally eXaltini