davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04
lians Are Big Factor in Mexican Situation

after the usual frontier method. but
this view is not commonly held by
Americans.
americans at the head OF lare. en-
terprises who have employed the
faquis almost uniformly speak well of
them. IT Is to be noted. too. that the
laouis are not all farmers Many of
them are good artisans. and many work
the RAILWAYS
several years ago. going down from
Nosaies TO GuaNmas, the train on which
some or us were travelling struck n
bridge that had been washed OUT hv
the mood The engineer stuck to his
post and by his quickness so managed
mat only the engine and tender and
tne baggage car went down the en-
t pa hlneht. The passenger coach hung
halfway over the river. The engineer
crawled out OF the wreck and not
Wlthsfanding severe injuries began 10
search for members of the train crew
VINO might have been pinned under the
cars. Happily. these were safe salts.
ned OF this. he banda ged himself with
such assistance as the passengers could
give and awaited medical aid
An official of the road happened 10
be on the wrecked train. I made some
comment to him about the aIertne.s
and GOODNESS OF the engineer, speaking
Va MN as d mexican.
He's not a Mexican" said the OH.
cial. sharply. Hes a Yaqui."
The fundamental fact which the Unit
ed States must keep in mind. whether
under armed intervention or under
whatever may come out of the existing
conditions, is that notwithstanding
American settlers. the Yaquis regard
themselves as the aboriginal and tho
original land owners in the Yaoui val
ley. They fought the Diaz government.
and they fought previous governments.
because they did not propose to be
driven off their own lands. even though
the title was vested in some one else
The strong tendency to state social
ism which has been manifested in
Sonora is partly due to this feeling
that the land belongs to the people
in common. although it may be appor-
toned according to legal forms.
In handling the Yaquis ii also will
be necessary to keep in mind that, even
aside from the land question. they do
not take kindly to too much authority
in the shape of any kind of govern
ment. They are emphatic believers in
the maxim of the best government is
that which governs least, although they
never heard that hackneyed phrase.
They may be reconciled to central
government in Mexico City IL ii let's
them alone. or they may be recon-
ciled to the authority of the United
States IL it's manifestations are not
too pronounced in the way of restrict
ing their activities. 1t is essential to
whatever authority ultimately 10
established that the Yaquis be recon-
ciled to it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04
SETTLERS HOMESTEAD IN RIVER REGION.
lotto and Historical Organizations Teaching

ridors. or stacked on junk piles. Much
that never can be replaced is lost for
ever: that which remains is in danger
also of being lost or destroyed
las a result of the persistent efforts
Of those who realize the need, Con-
gress several years ago was induced
to authorize the purchase of a tract OF
land in Washington on which was to
be erected hall of archives, where the
papers of historic value, no longer
needed for immediate business. might
be preserved and made available for
research work. Then an appropriation
of $4,000 was obtained for the prepa-
ration of plans for the hall of archives.
But before those plans could be COM
pleted the land already purchased was
seized as site for a new building for
the Department of the Interior, and
the work has to be begun all over
without foreknowledge of the site, and
the site is gone.
although state and local patriotic
and historical societies, especially in
the older states. have been active in the
preservation of historic documents, a
lack of appreciation of the value OF
ancient letters and family documents
has resulted in the loss of a great
amount of material that would throw
light on the actual national history as
well as on the intimate and domestic
life of the people of the earlier periods
matters that are essential to q thor
ough understanding of history.
Through the national society and
through state societies and local chap
ters, the Sons of the American Revolu-
ton and the Daughters of the Ameri-
acn Revolution. as we'll as other pa
triotic societies. there is coming about
q In q II frrr Il tN.,
OF a wider interest in our history.
The Sons of the American Revolu-
ton. by awarding medals and other
prizes for essays on patriotic subjects.
education of our youth. Its efforts In
the direct work of erecting hundreds
of monuments and tablets to COM
memorate events and men Of the revo-
luton. and to mark the battlefelds and
other historic sites of the revolution
airy period, also have been productive OF
much good.
Right now this society, in connection
with the Society of the Descendants of
the Signers of the Declaration of In
accurately locating the graves of the
hfty-six signers of the Declaration, and
upon a plan for publishing a memorial
volume to include biography of each
signer. with details as to his place OF
burial. to be as fully illustrated as
practicable
Possibly much of this may appeal to
the average. workaday, practical man
or woman as entirely sentimental. 1t 1
is sentimental in one aspect. but 7
trust that in what I have said 1 have
made it plain that it is wholesome
ly and nobly sentimental. tending
to instill, through the awakening of
interest in and the broadening of
of American history. the
lessons of patriotism, all with the pur-
pose of making better our citizenship:
And good citizenship, in this land Of
freedom and equality of opportunity.
is the foundation of good government.
that which makes the country a desir-
q BILE one in which to live
ASHNUN BROWN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

signs that in the future they are not t
be treated as pests and nuisances. So
there will be a question of reconciling
the American and the Yaqui interests.
When f. II. Hartman carried for
ward c. =. Huntington's plans of rail-
way extension through Sonora and
farther on, tempting inducement was
held out for the investment of Ameri-
can capital in lands. The lands are
very rich, especially in the faqui val
ley. but they require irrigation. Very
large sums were spent by two or three
groups of American capitalists. and
some progress had been made on the
big irrigation projects when the Ma
dero revolution broke out. In the
meantime there were numerous Ameri-
can settlers on ranches and on small
tracts These settlers have suffered
like all other Americans in Mexico.
Many of those who were driven out
did not attempt to return, but others
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

were not far wrong. Nevertheless. il
Gen. DiaZ had been able to enter into a
struggle with the big Mexican land
owners to divide the lands, the Yaquis
would have felt some assurance that
they were not to be despoiled and they
would have been on his side.
Gen. DaZ never was strong enough
to begin this contest and in conse-
quence the Yaquis were arrayed against
him. sometimes in sullen submission,
sometimes in active revolt. They stood
in the way of all the plans for develop
ing Sonora and the adjoining country
by means of railways and other public
improvements
1t was claimed. therefore. that the
only hope of Sonora was in the deport-
alton of the Yaquis. Some of the mill
tary commanders thought that the
only thing was determination, and
they did their best to make their ideas
effective. Gen. Huerta was one of this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

E1HE Yaqui Indian problem in
Mexico is taking on some of the
aspects of an American prob
q lem. 1t is one of the many fac
tors that have to be considered in the
complicated Mexican situation. The
Yaquis are the best fighters south of
the Rio Grande. Sonora owes much to
them So does the constitutionalist
cause
The Yaquis need to be sharply distin-
guished from the Indian poems who
form the mass of the Mexican pop
ulation. They have kept to their
own section on the Pacific slope
of the Sierra Madres for centuries.
There is very little intermixture of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

which they know how to use.
Fortunately the Yaquis have no feel
ing of hostility to the United States.
They do not seem to share the feeling
of the poems on the other side of the
Sierra Madres that we mean to take
something from them.
Less than year ago, when one of
the American warships was off Quay
mas, it was reported that several hun
bred Yaquis who were tired of the fac
tional fights wanted to enlist as
soldiers of the United States.
The present problem also has to be
considered in the light of the Ameri-
cans and the American interests in
Sonora. While heretofore Americans
have had little consideration. there are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

have gone back, and there are few
who succeeded in remaining during
the worst period.
There have been some raids by the
Yaquis on these American properties
and there have been some murders.
But, all things considered, the Yaquis
have not much to be laid at their
doors. They appear to have discrimi-
mated between Americans and Next
cans.
Most of the Americans in Sonora
have been able to get along very we'll
with the Yaquis during normal times.
A few are of the type who insist that
the only good Yaqui is a dead one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

the captives would be sent to Yucatan.
A few would be kept at home under
guard. In the prison yard at Her
mosillo, the capital of Sonora. one day
a very old Yaqui chief was pointed out
to me. He was too old to send to
Yucatan, but the officials explained he
was too dangerous to be set free.
The old chiefs eyes flashed for a
moment when he shook hands with
me- Then he muttered a few words
in Spanish and sank back into me1an-
choly. ALI his family, l was told, were
in exile in Yucatan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04
BIRD,s-EYE VIEW OF GUAYMAs

class of commanders He slaughtered
the Yaquis ruthlessly. but he justified
his course on the ground that this was
the only means of securing peace.
Notwithstanding all that was charged
against the DiaZ regime, Gen. Diaz
never favored the cruelties that were
practiced by some of his commanders.
The policy of deporting the Yaquis to
Yucatan and Tehuantepec was adopted
by him as the solution of the veXed
problem of giving peace to Sonora.
When the troops would secure vic
tory and Yaquis be captured, most OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

Spanish or other foreign blood in them
They still typify the best qualities OF
the Indian races as they existed In
Mexico before the conquest by Cortez
y
The Yaquis differ from the bulk OF the
other Mexican Indians in that they
never have been civilized by supe-
rior race" This means that they never
have been fully conquered and crushed
either under the Spanish dominion or
during the regimes of the diHerent
Mexican dictators.
Considered as uncivilized Indians. the
Yaouis have made pretty good snow
ing for themselves. They are aboriginal
farmers who have not depended en-
tirely on primitive methods OF asfl-
culture. In that respect they nave
shown more progressiveness than the
Indian poems of other parts OF
In their willingness to work the
YaQuis differ from many of the wes-
tern tribes of the United States who
were crowded out by the incoming OF
white settlers They are less nomadic
than most of the aboriginal American
Indians, yet they could not be said TO
form a settled population:
into conflict with the Spaniards and
later with the Mexican authorities as
personated in troops. While not re-
tanning entirely their tribal habits.
they were a bar to the plans which
looked to opening up the whole of So
nora and making II white mans
country. with the white men enjoying
the usufruct.
The Indian policy of Gen. Diaz in
reference to the Yaquis was neither
more nor less than the policy which
the United States pursued FOR half
century. It was not meant to be
cruel policy, and there are two sides to
that chapter of the Diaz regime. The
Yaquis resented civilian authority in
the way of control, and their resent
ment usually took the form Of fighting
every effort to impose authority on
them.
Revolts against Diaz and the dictators
who preceded him were merely a con-
tinuation of the revolts against Span
ish power. The Yaquis always felt that
civilization. as 1t was represented in
the form Of authority, meant taking
their lands away from them, and they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

OnYaqu Are Best Fighters South
the Poems Who the
PoponH Kept Their Section of the Pacific Slope oe Sierra Aad
Who Primitive Methodndn Pol
andt United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

historical division Of the National NM
scum the nucleus of the coliectlon a.
ready was in existence-in the patent
Office. In 1888 that coliectlon' larseS
moved from the patent ONCE 70 tnis
building. The basis of the washington
collection was purchased oy the KY
eminent in 1873 from the heirs OF MIS-.
gift and loan and purchase. the on1ects
connected with the life and career OF
Cen Washington have now oeeh IN
creased to a total of some 400.
form the general wore when ne re-
signed his commission as commanoer-
in-chief before Congress at Annapone:
December %, 1888: the camp cnest ana
mess utensils he used IN the neio. ana
articles Of domestic and artistic inter
est from Mount Vernon. all OF which
attract great attention from the visi-
tors to the museum.
1--WE make no attempt to preserve
historic documents here-that is. col.
lections Of MISUNDERSTANDING all
such as we may acquire over to the
historic manuscript division OF tne
Library OF Congress. where they prop
erly belong and where they are Access
sible to students. but we do retain
few such documents as commissions
whose chief value Is not primarily DOC
umentary. Coins. stamps and medals
make up a considerable section IN the
division.
Last year there was opened to the
public a collection in which the fent-
nine visitors take especial interest.
display of period costumes. In this
will be found, with many others,
fifteen gowns representing as many
presidential administrations. each gown
being actually that worn by a mistress
of the White House. the hrst being
that worn by Mrs Martha Washington.
Other period costumes make up col
lection that gives to the observer an
intimate knowledge Of the fashions of
tho different periods.
1.-THE museum. in other words, 10 de-
signed not only to preserve relics. but
to stimulate an interest In history.
Turning now to another aspect Of
historical work in America. the activi-
ties of the National Society of the Sons
of the American Revolution should
have a particular interest at this
Fourth Of July period. Let me quote
what are set forth as tho purposes and
objects Of this society. They are de-
clared to be patriotic, historical and
educational. and shall include those in.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

Accurate knowledge Story Republic the Men and Women Who Made
Held Essential Howard the His
toc Collection Secretary General Of the
Tells the Those Ogaza
Making Chzens-Hpng the Nated Alien Under
the the Fourth of July
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

is a prominent member of many pa
triotic organizations. such as the So
ciety of the Colonial Wars and the
Society of Mayfiower Descendants.
which also are devoted to the subjects
which he loves.
When Congress, in 1916, enacted the
law founding the Smithsonian Institu-
ton. carrying out the large minded
designs of Smithson, no provision
was made for a historical section in
the museum. But in 1883. the division
of history was organized, with Mr..
Clark in charge, primarily designed to
illustrate the history of the United
States from colonial times by exhibit
ing such relics or memorials of note
worthy persons and events as could
be brought together, with groups of
objects representing different periods.
Under the direction Of Mr.. Clark this
collection has grown until 1t now COW
ers about 1900 square feet of floor
space. This is one concrete evidence of
what he has done.
Ranged about the walls OF his COM
modious Office are great file cases and
card index, boxes, tools Of his trade
as secretary general and registrar gen
eral of the S. A. r. In them are the
family records and proofs Of descent
from revolutionary sires of $4,000 fam
lilies. including the 1880 living men,
bers OF the society. Constantly these
files are being increased.
A slender. gray haired figure with ex-
traordinarily bright eyes that have
most unstudentlike. humorous twinkle in
them. Mr.. Clark has on him the physi-
cal imprint Of New England. Why not?
Wasn't he born in Boston. and did not
four o" his Massachusetts, ancestors
fight in the revolutionary war?
las / was saying" went on Mr.. Clark,
tine centennial year really marked the
awakening of an interest in American
history. Prior to that the country had
been too busy creating itself, building,
expanding. growing, to take proper &C
count of the reasons for it's being. Since
then the interest has become more gen.
eral, but. taking into consideration the
tremendous growth in population. IT is
all too little now.
so far as the work of the historical
division Of the National Museum is
concerned, the collection Is designed to
visualize to those of the present gen.
Grafton. by the exhibition of objects of
historical interest, the life and striking
events OF the periods that have passed.
1t is fitting and proper that the ma
ton should preserve these objects for
sentimental reasons. but quite aside
from such CONSIDERATIONS there Is d
practical purpose also. They make
more real to the observer the salient
facts of our history and its significance:
they give him a sense of intimate touch
with that which has gone before and
aid him in understanding the reasons
and the purposes Of this nation. its
ideals and it's institutions and wherein
II differs from other nations.
This helps to make better citizens.
and the making of better citizens is
true patriotism.
lecting material for exhibition Moth
ing Is shown merely because 1t is old.
We try to show the objects which have
real historic Significance.
Prior to ths establishment Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

of the revolutionary troops who crossed
the Sierra Madres and took part IN
the campaign following Villas vic.
tory at Torreon. I saw a number or
them at Durango, and they were with
out exception fine looking men, much
more intelligent than the ordinary
peon soldiers from Chihuahua and Du-
range.
Yet the large majority of the Yaquis
know only Sonora and some parts of
Sinaloa. Their ideas of government
are therefore likely to be somewhat
circumscribed in the geographical
sense.
It is the testimony of those who were
on the Pacific slope during the PERIODS
superior to the ordinary Mexican poems
in their initiative capacity. They have
much Of the self-reliance of the North
American Indian. 1t is also the testl-
position to observe, that the Yaqufs
were much less given to pillaging and
worse things than were the bulk OF the
revolutionary troops. But they were
far from angels.
The nominal alignment of the Yaquts
as Villistas has no significance villa
in his bandit days, when roaming over
northern Sonora, had nothing to do
heard of him until his victory at Tor
reon. 1t merely has happened that
since Gov. Maytorena found 1t conven-
lent to class himself a villista,
because the Carranzistas would not
trust him, the Yaquis who supported
him in previous fights have remained
with him. Their allegiance is very
shadowy.
Whenever Gen. Obregon returns to
Sonora to take control of the situation
in person, in all probability. he can
count on winning over most of his old
Yaqui followers. Gen. Obregon himself
is of Yaqui blood. and is proud of 1t.
The United States comes into the
Yaqui situation in various ways. If
there be armed Intervention 1t will be
highly desirable to make the Yaquis
understand that the armed forces are
not there as were the Spaniards. and
later the Mexicans. to conquer them.
They would be harder to conquer
than were the Apaches, whom they re-
semble in some respects. They are
Just as good fighters and are accus-
toned to mountain fighting. They are
also well supplied with modern arms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

s: =; :; :: :: =:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

Spanish or other foreign blood in them:
They still typify the best qualities of
the Indian races as they existed In
Mexico before the conquest by Cortez.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

phlets as aids to aliens seeking natu-
radiation or already naturalized. Also
we have sent circular letter on the
subject to 1900 judges who are empow-
cred to grant naturalization. One OF
our publications is the Constitution of
the United States, the only free dis
tributed copy of the Constitution to be
had anywhere.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1915-04-29
WONDERFUL REMEDY IN
TIME TO SAVE WOMAN
MrG. Williams Gets on Way to Health
After First Dose OF
Treatment.

Mrs. Peter Williams of 2749 Eight.
zenith ST., S. Minneapolis, was desper-
Rtely Ill with stomach trouble. She
faced the probability Of an operation.
After taking Mayr's Wonderful
Remedy, discovered for her by kind
friend, she found herself on the way
back to health. Mrs. Williams wrote:
II have taken Mayr's Wonderful
Remedy for the fourth time and l am
feeling like a new woman. am en-
tirely out of pain. had been sick
for eighteen months and four Of our
best doctors could do nothing for me.
They all agreed that an operation
was the only thing. One day man
told my husband Of your remedy and
that night he brought 1t nome to me-"
Mayr's Wonderful Remedy gives per-
manent results for stomach, liver and
intestinal ailments. Eat as much and
whatever you like. No more distress
after eating, pressure Of gas in the
stomach and around the heart. Get one
bottle Of your druggist now and try It
on an absolute guarantee-if not salts
factory money will be returned.-Adv.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1915-04-29

(By III. r. WILLIAMS, Arizona Expert
ment Station)
In no other one line of live stock
production has there been such lack
of study or system as that of horse
production. For many years the farm
ers have practiced haphazard meth
DDS of breeding, feeding, care and
management as well as preparation
for market. They have bred and
reared horses without any regard to
their own local demand or the re-
quirements of users from a distance.
Horse breeding when judiciously
carried on has been profitable bust
ness for American farmers. If horses
are bred with a definite object in
view, as some special class, one need
not be afraid of a poor market. How
ever, farmers who do not exercise
care and business methods in the pro-
duction of desirable sorts will I'M
many insists on their hands that can
not be sold at q profit.
To be a successful horse breeder a
man must be thoroughly familiar with
the horse market, know the various
classes, and set about to produce the
animals that are in demand. In the
great markets, horses are classed &C
cording to their work. 1t is impossi-
BILE to draw hard-and-fast lines be-
tween some of the classes, but most
of them are fairly well defined. A
horse that is known in one part of
the country by one name may be diff
ferent from a horse which is referred
to by the same name in another part.
However, there are certain distinct
classes which are given the same
name the world over, and it is with
these that the farmer should familiar
ize himself
After the farmer knows the various
types In greatest demand on the mar
ket he should aim to produce superior