Der Deutsche correspondent. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1841-1918, 1915-02-08

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THE GERMAN IDEAL OF STATE,
Dr.. Bernhard Dernburg, the for
mer German Colonial Secretary at
Detroit, yesterday delivered very
interesting lecture on the German
State ideals. DR.. Dernburg said
Every nation is the product of its
soil and its climate, Of its history
and past experience. The life Of no
two nations is exactly the same, nor
can their institutions be fairly COM
pared
Germany is q very densely po-
pulated country 1t is not rich in
natural resources, and it has had
very severe lessons. Virtually in
the middle of Europe, among strong
/ belligerent powers, she could hold
her own only by a very strenuous en-
deavOr and o very thorough orga
nization Of all her forces, in order
to successfully combat the disad
vantages of her position and her
| limited resources. The consequence
has been a very thorough organiza-
tion. Where there is not much ell
bow room prople must behave in or
der to get along together, and the
state must make more demands
upon the individual for services.
From Frederick the Great, VINO
fought combination equally strong
as that of the allies and who pro-
claimed of all rulers that the king
was just the first servant of the
state; from Kant, the celebrated
philosopher, whose teachings were
permeated with and whose strong
est impulse Of human progress was
his stern and categorical Thou
| SHALT" to Goethe, who said that
there was no freedom except in law,
the German state ideal has been that
OF organization and cooperation.
We believe that the duty of the
citizen is first to the state and then
to himself; that there are no rights
where there are no duties; that
every citizen must give his best for
the common veal freely and ungrud-
| gingly. We believe that the co~ope-
ration Of all citizens for the common
welfare is the true democracy, and
we furthermore believe that the du
! ty Of the state is primarily to the
weak and the lowly; that the only
! justifiable system Of taxation is that
which puts the load on both shoul-
ders OF those able to bear it and
which liberates those who by their
social position or misfortune would
otherwise be oppressed. We believe
In self government, with an effective
state supervision, and in the acqui-
sition of all undertaking of mono
/ poistic character by the government.
The German ideal is now q social
! state on a democratic basis, with
efficient and permanent civil service.
| 1t has the happiness and Independent
ce of every member at heart from
birth to death, in the perfect free
! from all Administrative work that is
beeing carried on, mostly volunta
rily, by citizens regulated by pres
criptive laws. These laws provide
| first for the protection of mother
hood, prohibiting the employment Of
women with child in factories, ana
| for medical attendance and help and
certain portion Of their wages
during and after confinement.
Our statutes provide for kinder
! gartens, a word that has gone from
Germany into every living language
on earth. Our laws provide for
compulsory primary education for
| every child covering a period OF
eight years and furthermore provide
for night schools from the four
teenth to the eighteenth, in which
especial attention is being paid to
/ the particular trade or occupation in
which tho minor is engaged, and
also provide for limited hours Of
work for such minors until they be-
come OF age, and they provide for an
| thorough overhauling of the physi-
cal and mental forces of each able
malo by military training.
They provide an incentive for
higher education by limiting to GER
tain shorter periods of service every
one who passes a certain examina-
| ton. The universities are run by
the state. Only their graduates can
enter the civil service. Our laws
give an insurance in case of sick
ness to every working man and
woman, guaranteeing them free me-
dical attendance, hospital service and
q sufficient proportion of their
wages during the time of illness.
They give full compensation to every
workman whose working ability Is
destroyed or impaired by accident.
They provide for an annual rent"
or pension, for every worker whose
physical condition renders him un-
able to continue his ordinary work
or part Of it. They give an annual
rent" to every wage Garner who
attains his seventeen birthday. And
this is not confined to the work
man, but applies to everybody in the
liberal professions with an income
from HIS occupation Of a purchasing
value Of S2500 or less.
The laws take care Of the widows
OF all wage earners and for the edu-