davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
fBy J. c. ECLLERD

(By J. G. FCLLER)
 The proper housing of swine is best accomplished by using a central hog house with a number of colony pens. The large central house is well suited for winter shelter and spring farrow- ing. The portable houses are espe- cially useful for housing different classes and sizes of hogs in separate fields, particularly during summer or after farrowing.
 Portable hog houses have been used satisfactorily for g good many years. They are quite generally in use by breeders of pure-bred swine where they often find 1t more satisfactory to quarter but a few animals together. The farmer who produces swine for the market and depends on a large central hog house will also find few portable pens very useful in separ- ately housing odd lots of swine.
 Some farmers prefer a shed roof hog house to the A-shaped cot. Six feet four inches wide and eight feet long makes good size house. In the rear 1t is provided with a door two feet wide and two and one-half feet long, the same size as a lower front door which is placed diagonally oppo- site so that by opening all the doors it makes a cool house in summer. On the other hand. by closing both lower doors and opening an upper door which is put in above the lower door in front so that ample ventilation is provided, it makes a warm house for cold winter weather It is very inn portant to have a door at the top in front for 1t is serious mistake to build these houses with but one open ing. as is sometimes done There is no ventilation whatever, and in warm weather the house becomes suffocat- ing. The upper front door is ar ranged with a wooden ratchet on the back side. by means of which it may be held in any desired position. By having hinges on the top, the storms and hot sun cannot enter, and yet air can circulate freely without causing draft on the animals.
 To build the shed roof house, con- struct the frame eight feet long by
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

been thoroughly thrashed out Profes- sor King of the University of Wiscon- sin worked for years to spread venti- lation information among dairy farm. CTS that would induce them to change the air in dairy stables, to provide fresh air as often as needed.
 This plan provides for four venti- lating fiues in the sides of the stables. These fues follow the slope of the roof and terminate in metal yentila- tors perched on the peak. These are the exhaust fues which take the foul air from near the floor at the sides of the stable behind the COWS and carry it up. chimney fashion. and discharge it into the atmosphere.
 Fresh air is supplied by means of air ducts that enter the sides of the stable from the outside as shown in the illustration. These air ducts are built in the wall so that they extend up near the ceiling and discharge the air over the COWS.
 Circulation of air in a stable de- bends principally upon the heat sup piled by the animals. For this reason a dairy stable should be we'll filled with COWS in cold weather, so that their body heat will start the air in motion.
 The principle of the circulation of warm air is that heated air has a ten- dency to climb to the top. It is we'll illustrated in the chimney. There Is little draft up through a cold chirn. ney, but as soon as the fire is started air rises up with considerable velocity.
 A well built COW stable that is filled
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

and have ample footings to prevent settling. Width of building is 36 feet and the length is 60 feet. Thirty-six feet wide works out about right in placing the COWS, and leaves room to milk by machinery. Also the alleys are laid out to accommodate feed car riers and litter carriers for conven- fence in feeding. and disposing of the manure.
 provide stall room for 30 COWS, allow ing 3la feet for each COW with pas sageways at each end of the stable Thirty COWS Is a fair-sized dairy, as farmers usually conduct a dairy busi- ness in connection with diversified farming. It is possible to crowd in a few more COWS by standing them in the passageways if it becomes abso- lutely necessary.
 There is another floor plan which provides stable room for g COWS, be- sides making a horse stable in one end. This combination horse stable and COW stable Is not recommended, except as a temporary provision to stable a half-dozen horses until a separate horse stable can be provided. The COW stable floor may be extended through the horse stable at the time of building.
 In laying the foundation for a barn like this the outside wall usually is made of concrete and is carried up F or IS inches above the level of the ground.
 A COW stable floor should be at least a foot above the barnyard. The cen
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11


 Rice With Sausage. - Put three fourths of a cupful Of rice in a quart of boiling water to cook, stir with a fork and boil five minutes, drain and rinse with cold water, drain again. Melt two tablespoonfuls of butter in a double boiler to which has been added one chopped onion, stir and cook until yellow, then add the rice and cook un- til the rice has absorbed all the butter, then add two cupfuls of hot broth, half teaspoonful of salt, a dash of pa- prika and cook until the rice is tender More broth is addej as needed When cooked, stir in a ha,f cupful of grated cheese, lightly, with forks, two table spoonfuls of butter and two canned pimentos. finely chopped. Turn on a serving dish. heap in a mound and ar range cooked porK sausage around the rice. Sausage fat may be used to sea- son the rice in place of butter and green peppers instead Of the red
 Beef Serappie.-Boil two pounds of flank steak until tender. put it through a meat grinder. To the liquor of the beef add a pint of oatmeal, boil for a half hour, then mix with the meat, season with pepper and salt and put into a bread pan or fiat dish to cool Fry in slices until a deep brown. This will keep for some time and makes a most wholesome breakfast dish.
 Potato Paneakes.-Peel and grate six large potatoes after soaking in cold water. With the potato add one large onion. grated: half a teaspoonful of salt. two eggs. a teaspoonful of baking powder and enough flour to make a thin batter. Fry untfl brown on a hot well greased griddle.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

ter piers are about foot lower than he side walls to allow for the thick ness of the concrete floor. The center oiers come under the managers so that posts supporting the floor above are in line with the front of the COW ,taI,s. Especial attention is required In building these center piers to have inc footings wide enough and deep enough in the ground to prevent set fling. for there is . great now over the dairy stable and there is likely to he considerable weight up there, so that the center piers and the support ing posts win be under long and con finuous strain. Sometimes builders do mt fully and thoroughly appreciate The amount of weight resting on center posss and center piers-
 After the walls and the piers are nn- ,.hed the ground is graded for the eoor If is . good plan to vet the -rnuud thoroughly 90 it will settle sIste in every part of the stable It is .npoving to have . concrete noor kre.k through because the ground un-
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
CORN STALKS TO HOLD SNOW
Added Moisture Makes Soil Less H. able 10 sIow-Wind is Checked,
 Reducing the Drifting.

It is sometimes a good plan to leave some of the corn stalks standing Every fourth row left standing will hold lot of snow on the land. At the North Dakota experiment station it was found that one-fourth of the corn stalks left standing stopped about as much snow as when all were left This will in many cases mean a good deal to the next crop. The added moisture will make the soil less liable to blow. and the standing stalks will check the wind a good deal, near the surface, and this also reduces the drifting. Bet. ter try leaving a few rows and see if 1t does not pay.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

thing that Is lacking in the winter ration that causes egg eating.
 Usually the thing that is lacking is | some form of animal food to take the place of the bugs and worms the fowls pick up in the summer. Meat scraps, green cut bone or skim milk should be fed. Hens won't lay we'll, anyhow, un- less some one of these enters into the rations.
 Soft shelled eggs which are easily broken in the nest are a constant temptation to the hens. The cause of soft shelled eggs Is either not enough lime from which the hens can make shells or the hens being too fat.
 Ground oyster shells kept where the hens can help themselves is about the cheapest way of supplying lime. To prevent the hens from getting too fat, see that they take c proper amount of exercise. Feed the grain in litter so the fowls must scratch for it. It is probable that egg eating may be caused from the hens not having enough grit. Grit Is the hens teeth. They can't digest their food without 1t. So, if grit is lacking, much of what they eat passes through them undi- gested. The fowls will feel hungry though getting plenty to eat. Then they are apt to eat eggs-but not to lay very many or look very thrifty. Small pebbles, broken crockery or stones will do for grit.
 Have the nests rather low. A hen must stand up in the nest to eat eggs. If the nest is too low to allow her to stand up she can't eat the eggs. Gather the eggs two or three times a day and don't have too many nests. Nests which the hens are not using with eggs laying in them are . tempta- ton to the hens.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
DUCKS MUST HAVE SHELTER
Many Farmers Beginning to Realize That WeiI-ered Fowl, F Properly
 Cared For, Is Profitable.

Many farmers who rear ducks, leave them to find shelter as best they can. and for years this plan has seemed to do fairly well on some farms; but of late they are learning that well-bred ducks. if properly cared for. are profitable side line.
 While it takes no more food to raise the well-bred duck than it does to raise the scrub, they do require slight ly more care. and they should have some sort of shelter. Build a neat, in- expensive duck house and note the difference in the looks and health of your flock.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

boiled together three minutes. and then add one and a half tablespoon fuls of gelatin which has been soaked in two tabiespoonfuls of cold water; add half cupful of grapefruit juice. one tablespoonful of lemon juice and a pinch of salt; strain into a round bowl or mold. When stin, unmold and serve, garnished with a cream cheese which has been well seasoned and mixed with cream to make soft enough to pipe around the mold of jelly. Serve with French dressing. using lemon juice instead of vinegar or combination of the two.
 Spring Soup.-Peel and thinly slice one onion and cook it in a tablespoon full of butter five minutes, stirring con- stantly; then add four cupfuls of chicken stock, with one cupful of stale tread crumbs. Bring to the boiling point and let simmer i5 minutes, then rub through sieve and add one cup ful of milk. Melt two tables poonfuls of butter; add two tablespoonfuls of four and stir until well blended. then pour on gradually while stirring. the hot liquid when boiling hot; add one cupful of thin cream and season with salt and pepper.
 melba Ssndwiehes-Chop fine a half dozen olives; add tablespoonful of mayonnaise dressing and a tea spoonful of chopped pecan meats. Spread on buttered graham bread.
 Creamed Sardines.-Melt four table spoonfuls Of butter; add one-fourth of cupful of soft, stale bread crumbs and one cupful of cream; bring to the boiling point; add one box of sardines, two cooked eggs, finely chopped. one half teaspoonful of salt and one-eighth of a teaspoonful of pepper and pa prika. Boil up again and serve on mar TON strips of buttered toast.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
Loads of Hell.

Pat and Mike. just landed in Amer. ica. were spending the first night in a hotel. Mike was unable to sleep. About midnight a fire broke out in the neighborhood and a fire engine came down the street changing it's bell and belching fire and smoke. Mike rushed to the window, looked out, and ruehed back to awaken Pat. but Pat refused Another engine came changing down the street Mike was beside himself with fright. Get up! Pat. get up!" be yelled: they're moving hell. and two loads have gone by already"
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
Ie<kG R~<..zN-.
Few Perfect Men.

The perfect mans measure is 3s inches around the chest, 34 inches at the waist, and 70 at the seat. according to the verdict of the International Gus tom Cutters. who met recently in MIL waukee to fix American styles for 1915. The tailors called attention to the fact that whereas a woman may maintain a form from year to year q mans waist line in the absence of corsets is likely to show great varia- tion as he approaches forty. There fore the perfect man is generally . youngster.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
svbmarines' Disappearing euns.


 The Krupp gun works. in Germany, have produced a quick-firing gun de- signed especially to provide subma- rines with the means of destroying aeroplanes and dirigibles. This gun, which can be fired at any angle, is mounted on a disappearing carriage, which sinks into a we'll and is auto matically covered with a wster-tight slide when the submarine is sub merged. The weapon can be raised from its well to the deck and made ready for firing in 30 seconds. The disappearing carriage is operated by electricity. When an aeroplane or dirigfble appears overhead, the subma, rine 90 equipped may rise to the sur. face. the gun be trained upon the enemy. and . rapid bombardmeut en- sue.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

sprinkle with salt, the whites of two eggs beaten stiff and six tablespoon. fuls of flour. Drop from the tip of a teaspoon on a buttered sheet one and a half inches apart, spread and bake in a moderate oven.
 Tea Cakes.-Cream a fourth of a cupful of shortening. add gradually a cupful of brown sugar. Dissolve an eighth of a teaspoonful of soda in a tablespoonful of cold water and add to the first mixture, add a teaspoonful of vanilla and a cupful of four. Make into balls and place on a buttered tin and bake in a hot oven. This makes forty cakes.
 Oatmeal Drop Cookies.-Cream a cupful of shortening. add a cupful of sugar, two eggs, beaten light, one third of a cupful of milk. one and half cupfuls of rolled oats. which have been put through the mea. grinder and parched in the oven. Mix and sift together one and a half cupfuls of four, one fourth of teaspoonful of salt, or more if lard is used for short ening, one half teaspoonfui each of cinnamon, clove, allspice and soda, one cupful of chopped raisins and a half cupful of walnut meats. Mix and drop from spoon on . buttered bak. ing sheet.
 Ginger snaps.-Heat to the boiling point cupful of molasses. pour over a half cupful of shortening. half but ter and lard. and a cupful of sugar. Mix and sift three and a quarter cup fuls of four. a tablespoonful of ginger, one teaspoonful of salt and half tea spoonful of soda. Roll, cut and bake in a moderate oven.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
Portable Hog House With
 Excellent

six feet four inches wide on seven two-inch by four-inch joists six feet long, and two pieces of two-inch by four-inch nailed across the ends of the joists. This will make the foun- dation for the floor six feet four inches wide and eight feet long. Beneath the frame are nailed three two-inch by four-inch pieces which serve as runners for moving the building. The house is built six feet two inches high in front and three feet high in the rear. Seven 12-foot boards cut in two can be used for boarding, the front of the house. Tte small space left at the top may be closed by a batten or frieze board. Two eye bolts should be securely inserted in one end of the Joist. for attachment when the house is to be moved A shingled roof is necessary to insure the best results. and that, of course, is what should be desired.
 A large portable hog house eight by twelve feet ma. be constructed on tho same plan as the small shed roof house just described. It will accom- modate from eight to ten mature hogs or twenty or more growing pigs. By constructing a partition in the middle the house can be used for two differ- ent lots of pigs or for two sows at farrowing time. Being provided with four doors in front and one in the rear, it is well ventilated and may be adjusted to suit many conditions. A shade may be attached to the house during the summer.
 This house has proved very satis- factory where it has been found de- sirable to keep more animals in a lot than can be accommodated by the smaller houses. However. it is more difficult to move and does not differ greatly from a small stationary house in that respect. The bill of lamber for this house is as follows:
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
Value Of Chief Crops In 1s14.

The value of the principal farm crops was:
 Corn, sl,702, ,5s9. 900; wheat, S779,. 069.000; cotton. $51s.616.000; oats, $499.431, 900; potatoes. ss,S09 900; barley, s105.903, 900; sweet potatoes, $41,294,0o0; tobacco, $101, All 900; rye. $37,O1s.00o; sugar beets. $27.o50. 00c; rice. $21.s4s.000; nazseed, $10. 40.00o: buckwheat, 12,s92,000.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
{G6eKTNTITN1 d@@ABKE$P

I wonder if the sap is stirring yet. If wintry birds are dreaming of a
 mate If frozen snowdrops feel as yet the
 sun. And crccus fires are kindling one by one? e. RossettL
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
AVOID EGG EATING
 BY PROPER FEEDING
Hens Seldom Indulge in Habit While on Free Range-Grit
 Is Quite Essential.

Wrong feeding is the commonest cause of hens eating their eggs. They seldom do it in the summer when they are on free range. Then, the fowls get everything that their system craves. It is the craving for some
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

is planning to enter tain her friends and
 wants something good
 which can be prepared
 without requiring too much work. A most delici- ous dinner salad is this:
 Make a grapefruit jelly. using one-third of . cup full of sugar and a third of A cuDful of water.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
Neolected Hejfers.

Young heifers that are fed just enough to keep them alive grow up into rough beasts with large horns, coarse hair. thick skin and high bones and other marks of starvelings. They are seldom good cows
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

out d piece, HlllnS tnS cavity with a small saul sage, put in the small slice, covering the cav ity and fasten it with a toothpick; put into the oven and bake. When cooked the sausage will have seasoned the pota-
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

put of varieties of fish which may be bought in almost any market are a great addition. to the menu. Delicious sal. mon. tunny fish. crab meat, and in fact. any variety may be had of the canned fish at near. ly all places or times of year. Fish is less ex.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

with COWS is comfortably warm in zero weather. At the same time the fues are carrying of the warmer foul air continually. night and day.
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

The ceaseless rain is falling fast, And wonder gilded vane, Immovable for three days past. Points to the misty main.
 -LongfeIlow
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
SOME COMPANY DISHES.

The following recipes may be sug gestive to the young hostess when she
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

The thoughts of worldly men are forever regulated by a moral law of gravitation. which. like the physical one. holds them down tv earth Dickens
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
SAvORY DISHES.

When serving large sized baked po- atoes use an apple corer and scoop
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
FISH, FRESH OR CANNED.

Our fish canneries have arrived at such stage of efficiency that the out
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
Will Provide Ample Accommoda. ton for the Sailing of
 Thirty Cows.
GOOD CIRCULATION OF AIR
Ventilation 10 Admitted to Be an Im- Portsnt Matter in the stabIina Of Animal - oetaiis May Be Worked Out to Suit Ideas
 of individuals.
By WILLIAM A. RAoeoRo.

NIT. William A. Radford will answer Questions and give advice FREE OF COST on all subjects pertaining to the suo,ect ot building work on the farm. for the readers of this paper On account of ms wide experience as Editor. Author and Manuiacturer. he is. without doubt. the nlgnest authority on all these subjects
 Aocress all inquiries to William A Rad i0rd, No. lse7 Prairie avenue Chicago
 ih and only enclose two-cent stamp for
 A standard dairy barn is illustrated m this perspective and floor plan. It is thoroughly we'll built from the bot tom of the foundation to the ventila- tors on the peak. The foundation walls, including the piers which are placed in two rows in the center of the building, are set down below frost
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11
OUT OF THE cookY JAR.

The small cakes and cookies are SO popular with the children that a vari-
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

ety IS always welcome in any home.
 Pecan Cookies.-Beat the yolks of two eggs un. ii! thick and lemon-col. ored, add one cupful of brown sugar gradually then one cupful oi chopped pecan meats
Tombstone epitaph., 1915-04-11

Trough for fioor).
 Eight pieces in. by 12 in. by 14 1t. Six pieces l in. by 12 in. by 12 it.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-12

and set up another monarehy in France Gen. Castelnau has inciig. nantly denied these allegations and has maintained his firm allegiancei to 1'sla republiquess' For years, how ever, Radical politicians have con stinued to insist that Castelnaus has .infectedsthe War Department and the army with Jesuittsrn and Tnonarc1ai- cal ideals. Gen. Joffre and his as- socfates, have insisted upon 4Castel- nau's retention in office, in spite of these allegations, because of his briHiance as g. strategist. His first experience of warfare was in the tragic Framco-Prussian war, in which his father held a melancholy emi- hence. The son of the Third Na- poleon's aid-de-camp emerged from that struggle with the reputation of a brilliant and brave soldier, and since then he has demonstrated time and again his peculiar fitness to cope with military problems. As Gen. Joffress lieutenant he is charged with many important tasks and his re responsibilities are exceeded only by those of his chief Gen! 4CasteInau U has won tie highest -pFaise-sof all-z- the recogni ion of his brilliant gem seraIshi D by prominent general of tl1es forces pftted against him.