davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27

Just north of Staten Island, in New
York harbor. AS Bushnell was not a
recognized belligerent he instructed
Sergeant Ezra Lee in the operation
OF his craft and this gallant officer
made the perilous attempt
AT night he was lowed by rowboats
almost to the Eagle. then sank and
managed to work the Turtle under
the frigate but it was not possible to
fasten the bomb to the copper bottom
OF the vessel and the tide carried him
away.
All thought that Lee had lost his
life but after hours of heart breaking
work at the oars he managed to make
his way back to the Americans. Mean
while the bomb had drifted away and
exploded where it did no harm except
to brighten the crews of several Brit
ish ships half out of their wits.
The Nautilus.
All this was in 1876. Twenty-four
years later another American, Robert
Fulton, inventor of the steamboat
produced the most successful subma-
rine boat known up to that time. Ma
poleon Bonaparte, then first consul OF
France, had given Fulton 1000 francs
to perfect his invention and the in
genious American had devised a cigar
shaped craft 81 feet 4 inches long
and capable Of holding several men.
The hull was Of copper with ribs OF
iron and when navigating on the sur
face 1t was propelled by a sail fitted
to a collapsible mast which folded
into a groove when the Nautilus as
she was called, sank.
In May. 1901, Fulton and one sailor
went down in the River Seine and re-
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27

part of the old road ran through
what is now a portion Of the Canal
and nearly half of the old course now
lies at the bottom of Gatun Lake.
The relocation cost s170,0O000 per
mile, or $4,000, 100000 in all. 1t was
completed in 1912 and Ia an up-to-
date. modern railway, heavy rallied.
well ballasted and block signal OPP
Grated. The coaches are Of the stand
ard American type. The line runs
from Cristobal through the hills
where tropical vegetation is so luxur-
liant that it resembles q huge botanical
garden. skirts Gatun Lake, crosses the
Canal. runs through concrete tunnel
and into picturesque Panama City.
All trains are Accommodation" as
stops are made at all the stations
along the Canal.
In addition to the trains the Panama
Railroad also operates a steamship
line between New York and Colon
the line being acquired with the other
canal appurtenances. These ships are
used to carry supplies to the Zone
as well as passengers.
Built BY Americans In 1919.
The early history Of this road is
interesting from the fact that like the
Canal it was built TO further the in
terests of American citizens and built
by Americans after the French had
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27
01e 0~G5e "EII2c,NI/
e5z5l7[- 5ee1S cA~0% 0 lie RRR

no Tivoli and no Hotel Washington
where the engineers might go for the
week end, yet today one hears little
Of the pioneers of Panama.
In the old days the fare was TWEEN
ty-ive dollars for fifty miles--f1fty
cents per mile. yet there was less
kicking over this fare than there Is
today at five cents per mile. In Au-
gust of 1881 the Panama Railroad
sold out to the French Company, and
in 1904 came into the possession of
the United States.
The length of the new road is
trife less than the old one. In many
places 1t was necessary to build en-
bankments for the upheavals had to
be counterweighted, virtually doubling
the width of the foundations. Some
Idea OF the magnitude of the task can
be obtained from the fact that one
hundred and siXty-seven entertainments
were built. The three-mile fill across
the Gatun Valley alone contains five
million cubic yards of material.
While this task from an engineering
standpoint was greater than the con-
struction of the original road. the
present road was built under far diff
ferent circumstances and with every
convenience and comfort the Govern
ment could provide.
How this railway aided the building
OF the Canal by hauling away the en-
cavated material and bringing sup
plies to workmen is too we'll known
to need repetition here. Suffice to
say the Canal could not have been
built without the aid OF the Panama
Railroad
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27
WH9I Some S/27eU hH2DeH
I0aDzrof Tr9HI2 IN tHe
VrS1 SSR@O2

ers, drivers. etc, they began their ca
reer of thieving.
AS most of the victims were from
the United States our Government be-
gan to look about for some way Of
providing the American with a safer
mode Of travel across the Isthmus.
The matter OF railroad building was
taken up by Congress at the session
of 1S48-S. and survey was author
ICED for the purpose Of constructing
road across the 1sthmus. In De-
cember of that year three Americans,
William Henry Aspinwall, John Lloyd
stephens and Henry Chauncey. OBJ
tanned a grant from New Granada I'M
der the name Of the Panama Railway
Company. 1t was merely modified
form Of the Klein concession and the
road was to be completed in six years.
A few months later the Legislature
OF the State Of New York passed an
act Incorporating the Panama Rail-
road Company with a capital stock of
one million dollars, with the privi-
lege of increasing 1t to five million
dollars 1t also gave the company
the right to begin operations when
$500, 100000 had been subscribed and
certain per cent paid in. The COM
pany at once sent Colonel G. w.
Hughes and party of expert en-
gineers to the Isthmus to make a
survey for the road. In the mean
time they also made contract with
Colonel George NJ. Totten and John
C. Trautuine for the construction OF
the road. These men were later re-
leased from their contract and made
associate engineers with Aspinwall
and stephens in the construction OF
the road built by the company.
1t cost Mr.. stephens his life and
the other engineers their health. Two
! Of then resigned at the end OF the
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27

Dotties by squeezing them ana pre-
venting 1t from flowing back by fast
ening the necks. Crude as this method
was, 1t Is the principle which highly
developed. is used in the submarine
of today.
Attack on the British.
Very few histories Of the War Of the
American Revolution mention subma-
rines, yet one of these craft was used
in an attack on British ships in New
York harbor.
David Bushnell, an American, made
several successful underwater trips
in a copper vessel which, because of
its shape. he called THE Turtle" A
number OF old diagrams Of this craft
have been preserved.
The Turtle was propelled by oars.
The paddle with which she was
steered and the other three oars or
paddles were Of course fitted into air
tight holes. The boat was caused to
sink or rise by pumping water into or
out of the tanks. 1t had a coming
tower just about large enough for a
mans head. The port holes were of
glass Bushnell employed a safety
weight. This was a large lump of
lead which was to be unscrewed If
anything went wrong and the vessel
would not rise when the water was
pumped out or if the pumps should
not work.
She boosted a bomb or detachable
charge of powder. which was to be
used to blow in the bottom of YES
sci.
Tried to Blow Up Frigate.
So successful were the trials Of the
Turtle that the inventor obtained per-
mission from General Parsons to
blow up the British frigate Eagle, ca
guns. which was lying with the fleet
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27
practical depth.
The Sea Devil.

lie Diable Marin" (The Sea Devil)
was one of the most famous of the
nineteenth century submarines. 1t
was tho invention of Wilhelm Bauer.
who launched it in 1856. This vessel
long, IL feet wide and II feet deep
and shaped somewhat like a dolphin.
Her sides were six -tenths of an inch
thick and could resist the pressure of
a 160-foot column OF water
The motive power was provided by
a screw which was operated by a
treadmill and the up or down motion
was achieved by shifting water in
longitudinal tanks by means of pis-
tons. At the bow was a bomb or tor
pedo containing 500 pounds OF pow
der and near II were two heavy India
rubber gloves by means of which a
man inside the vessel could reach out
and fasten the bomb to the bottom
or side Of a ship.
To purify the air, Bauer arranged
Hong pipes which sprayed water con-
t!nually and which were quite effect
i've in revivifying the stale air for a
short time.
The Russian government supplied
him with a crew of thirteen men who
we're to make a trial trip with him.
but on his first descent they were so
alarmed as to be useless and when
the Diable Marin rose again to the
surface they cried, "Staba Bochu,"
which means, Praise be to God"
When his men were more accustomed
to the work Bauer executed many
wonderful maneuvers. and on one oc-
casion stayed under water while he
wrote letters to his mother, King
Macmillan of Bavaria and the Grand
Duke Constantine.
The David.
The American Civil War greatly
stimulated schemes for submarine
navigation, although few practical
vessels resulted. The Federal govern
ment tested several craft in the Hud-
son river. but none were Of any use
The Confederates did. however. de-
velop type known from the name Of
the first of their class as "Davids, >
which did some effective work. These
were technically submerSibles rather
than submarines. The hull was COM
pletely under water though low con-
ming tower which protruded a few
inches above the surface enabled the
navigator to see where he was steer
Ing.
The David. tho original of Its class
was first tried in Charleston harbor
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27
Early History of the
MostDeadly ofMod-
ern Sea Fighters.
(BY l.. T.. PEYTON.)

~HE submarine is a power to be
reckoned with In modern war
fare. Everyone knows OF the
~ almost Herculean feats these
under-sea fighters have accomplished
| in the present conflict.
They have proved beyond all man
ner of doubt their practicability in
actual warfare and they have been
hailed as the newest engine of death
and destruction. In anything approx
imating their present degree of per-
fection they are new, but submarine
navigation Is centuries old and at
tempts at 1t were made before the
birth of Christ. Certain old records
mentioned an under-sea galley which
the Phoenicians invented, but no de-
tails are given as to construction, and
the date of the invention is unknown
First Used Diving Bells.
Aristotle is authority for the story
that when Alexander the Great laid
siege to the Phoenician city of Tyre
he used diving bells to get men into
the city to start fires. While the ap-
paratus used by Alexander were not
submarine boats. they at least showed
that the ancients realized the war value
Of operating under water, and had
knowledge of the principles on which
he science is founded today.
Another early attempt at submarine
work Is mentioned by an Arabian his
orian, Bohaddin. who says that a
1iver entered the harbor of Ptolemais
n 1850 while the city was under siege.
although this man successfully eluded
he hostile vessels no details of his
apparatus are given by Bohaddn.
The next important step in subma-
line navigation was made by Corne-
ius Van Drebel, a Dutch physician
who, In 1920, constructed the first
hctual boat for use under water of
which we have any authentic descrip-
ion. This craft was constructed of
wood and was made water tight by
creased leather which was stretched
lightly over the entire hull.
She carried twelve rowers besides
passengers, and made journey of
everal hours at a depth of from IL
ID feet The holes OF the oars were
made to hold the water by leather
oints," IS the description given in
New Experiments. Physico. Mechani-
al" by Robert Boyle, oxford, 1860.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27

failed. This was many years ago, for
the two oceans have been linked by
rail since 1855.
The war between the United States
and Mexico resulted in a treaty signed
on February 2, 1S4S, which made Cali
fornia part of the Union Almost
simultaneously with the signing OF the
treaty gold was discovered In that
State and thousands of gold seekers
from the east started for the new
land. The journey across the country
was long and hazardous as the wagon
trains were frequently attacked by In
dams. The trip to California around
Cape Horn was long. expensive and
equally dangerous for many of the
vessels were unseaworthy and wrecks
with great loss of life were a COM
mon occurrence.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27
Trying Days.

Trying Days.
A large number of persons went by
way Of the Isthmus of Panama. ship
ping from New York on steam
ers to the Atlantic side Of the
Isthmus and crossing by trail with
pack animals to the Pacific side,
where they reshipped to San Fran
cisco. The trail across the Isthmus
was only fifty miles in length, but
after a time 1t became even more
perilous than the long trip across the
States or the sail around the Horn"
The sudden development OF the pack
mule-train business on the Isthmus
brought a large number OF adven-
turers from South America-Chileans
Peruvians, Indians and mixed breeds
They came solely to plumber and rob
and after obtaining positions as pack
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-05-27

D HE submarine Is a power to be
reckoned with In modern war
fare. Everyone knows OF the
almost Herculean feats these
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-03-21

well as wide braids are used on the
ore-piece frocks.
A dress Of brick red serge was COM
bined with plain taffeta. The skirt was
banded with seven bias bands of the
taffeta edged with d piping The fun
length set-iu sleeves We're closely fit
ting and laced with black silk cord.
The skirt had a deep yoke all around.
The high stsnd-up collar was OF white
satin with q turnover Of the same
and was open in the front Of the neck.
the edges connected with straps Of
white satin and buttons. Under the
arm were rows Of silk Cording
braided, and this continued down the
skirt on each side
a dress Of dark blue taffeta had the
front and sides very full. This was
shlTred al the high waistline with a
wide beading. The bottom Of the skirt
had deep double ruching Of the taf-
feta. The neck was cut high in back
and low in front Dark blue chiffon in
blue and white stripes forms the top
OF the bodice and sleeves.
The cotton bolls of the southland
have been changed by American de-
signers and American manufacturers
into glorious fabrics for summer wear.
You cannot but feel thrill OF patriot
ism when you use such beautiful ma
terials made in America"
Europe formerly reigned supreme,
but now every sort OF cotton fabric can
be procured in eNquisitely domestic
weave equal 10 the finest imported
piece at much less cost. Wolfe. organdy.
lawn and similar sheer materials will
be among the novelties. Cord and
lace patterns on sheer grounds are
given endorsement
The vogue for transparencies bring
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-03-21

! net into strong light. New evening COS
/ tunes Of black net over white tafte-a
/ foundations are stunning.
4 dress Of black net had short
waist with a drapery falling over the
/ girdle at the bust line. The skirt was
rufrled all the way up with black net
ruffles. cut in deep points and finished
with pinked ribbon ruch.ng. The
bodice was supported over each
shoulder with a band Of two uuffirgs
gathered into a cording. 4 section OF
. lace medallion insertions were placed
horizontally around the bust on a
band Of green velvet ribbon, which
was tied in a bow over the lace in the
center front, The fun length bell
shaped sleeves flare over the hands
and are caught 10 the wrist with an
emerald green velvet bow. At the
black there is a cape OF black net
mounted with a ruffle.
Pink and white net dresses, strange
70 say. are often trimmed with let
Lingerie dresses are wonderful eS-
amples Of handiwork.
A pink organdie dress had a short
bolero Of blue wolfe with blue flowers.
The short tabs Of the bolero vera
turned back and faced with black
velvet. The vest. revers and collar
were white lace. The flare and stand
ing collar under the white lace were
of the organdie. The skirt had deep
pointed ruffles Of the plain material
edged with the figured. \ dress of
flowered voile mad the sklr, formed
Of a succession OF puffs, which gave
the effect of flounces. The waist had
Bertha of plain wolfe edged with
ruffles of net
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-03-21
set The ePace for
Spring Modes

s.e- e.. are certain items 10 be reck.
o-e- with. some sleeves show car
sr -pa-Iette effects. The partial mill.
tals collar stands out at the back oi
the neck and the sides and is usually
u the same ma,sr.s! as the blouse.
Collars are also made so they can be
worn tHt-oDei Ip 20 the neck or con-
hrI--I into sailor collars Sea sand,
putty cement and maize are used FOR
smart uloIses. Pale flesh riuts and
white are always COO. looking.
NvW sport waists called oliver Twist
models are made ot handkerchief
In@n with collars and cuffs Of con-
tTsstlng c-l0rs. Tailored waists have
az enchanting softleSs about them
and ere usually finely tucked and but
toned -p the front il rows Of small
buttons. good deal II brailing is
npNCeu on the waists Ma hiue en-
aro.dery in silk floss IN the form OF
lhal1 stitching IS used 2 good deal
4 'laTm eus- waist with long sleeves
and long -neM.sctte had 4 high batiste
collar II u hlte with sharp points. a
Ferltaple 'chJker' held in place by
d crush collar with old blue velvet.
military red chiffon waist had
small dun bali-shaped buttons to
iast-u the collars, sleeves and front
OF the waist. A gold ribbon passes
around the waist and is covered with
chiffon. The yoke over the shoulders
IS outlined with gold cord from which
GroU little red tasscls
Dresses.
Dresses n One-piece type for day
time use have the effect OF a skirt and
Jacket The holero idea is lust as
prominent as the soft waist which has
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-03-21
Out With the Old
In With the New
Genet will ShO1v you
1phat TO do zvith your
used Furniture

Won can get CASH at it, actual value. or YOU can
trade it ON NEW FURNITURE from the regular
stock of Comets
The Gcnets Exchange Department makes it pos
~ibIe to improve the appearance and comfort Of
your home with little outlay of money
Look over your homc-scc what YOU need in
new fmmtme-then select the old YOU wish to dis
pose of and Geuet's Exchange Department will pay
YOU its actual cash value
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-08-07
Man in Tree Shocked by
1900 Volts of Electricity
Special to The Telegraph

Waynesboro, Pa, Aug. IA blaze
of light in a big tree in front of the
Citizens National Banks new build
ing and an exclamation of pain, call
ed the attention of passersby yester-
day morning and they discovered
Lewis Summer there, endeavoring to
get out of the way of a wire carrying
big charge of electrical current. Mr..
Hummer is foreman of stone masons
erecting the marble work for the b'Snk.
The guy rope on the derrick, used to
hoist the marble to the top of the
walls, touched the electric wire, and
Mr.. Summer lifted the wire by
means of the guy rope and then, with
his hand, hung the wire on hook.
At that moment the current of cleo
tricity entered his body and he re-
ceived a severe shock. The shock
raised him off his feet, bounced his
hat off his head and dropped it to the
ground and barely missed tearing
loose his hold from the tree. 1t was
all over in a second. Mr.. Summer S
left hand was very painfully burned.
the flesh being charred to consider
able depth. Twenty-Five hundred
volts of electricity were racing through
the wire when Mr.. Summer touched
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-08-07
News Items of Interest
in Central Pennsylvania
Special 70 The Teleprnhh

Mahanoy City-An autobus carry
ing thirty women from this city to Mt.
Carmel collided with a pole at Cen
tralia, when the steering gear broke.
me machine was wrecked and Miss
Laura Steffel and Miss Emma Gerlocl1
injured
Tamaqua-As the result of a fight
with pick handles at Tuscarora be-
tween Max Murdock and Thomas
Blew, Murdock was taken to the Coal
dale Hospital with a fractured skull
and may die, while Blew had his head
lacerated
Pottsville - Michael Burba Of
Minersville, employed at the Phoenix
Park Colliery, of the Philadelphia and
Reading Coal and Iron Company. was
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-08-07
COPYRIGHT, 1915.

During the moulting season the
rations of the fowls should contain
material that will enable them quickly
to form their new feathers and at the
same time build up constitutional
vigor, so that egg production may not
be delayed too long. In this article
Prof. Smith gives suggestions for the
cure OF poultry during this critical
period.
JEALOUS endeavor to prolong the
Il, laying season is often responsible
- for constitutional weakness and
curtailed production of eggs in winter
Correct care of the laying fowls dur
ing the moulting period will go far
toward insuring profitable laying in
the second year.
The moulting period is much longer
than most amateurs suppose, as the
first stage is likely to pass unnoticed
II is gradual process and starts
slowly. At first, a few of the larger
feathers drop out, one or two at a
time, but as the season advances the
moult becomes more rapid.
While the fowls are in light moult
the hens probably will continue to lay
but laying generally ceases wher
heavy moulting begins. This is when
the hen drops the mass of small oil
body feathers. Prolonging the laying
period not only retards the moultine
period. but it also is likely 10 result
in loss of strength and Vigor.
Moult Lasts Three Months
Ordinarily the moult begins in mid.
summer and continues from first tc
last, about three months, although the
noticeable moult may not last longer
than six weeks. A hen that begins tC
moult in July should be newly fledge6
in October. If the moult is delayed
the fowls affected will be exposed tc
considerable inclement weather with.
out natural protection, and unless un.
usually comfortable quarters are pro.
vided they are almost certain to suffer
from disease from such exposure.
Late moulting nearly always is the
result of a desire to get the largest
returns at the moment, even at the
expense of the future. But is a late
moult economical? True. eggs in sum.
mer bring an attractive price-much
more than during the Spring. yet not
as much as during winter All recog-
nize that it is more difficult to make
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-08-07
GRAY JAPANESE BANTAMS
1915.

and upper part of breast, each feather
of.this section being edged with white.
They have legs only about an inch
and a halt in length, and the wings
are carried dropping almost to the
ground. The tail is very long and
stands up along the back and past
the top of the head.
These bantams may be kept sue
cessfully in limited quarters. They eat
little and are easily cared for. The
hens are good layers.
Gray Japanese Bantams should not
exceed 20 to % ounces in weight for
females or % to &c ounces for males.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-08-07

When the japanese bantams were
first introduced into England, and
thence into America, the only varie-
ties were white, black and black
tailed white. English fanciers devel-
oped the attractive Gray Japanese
are like the Birchen Gray Bantams
The male has a silvery white neck
hackle, saddle hackle and top of wing.
The balance of his plumage is lustrous
greenish black. except the breast, each
feather of which is laced or edged with
silvery white. The female is intense
black in all sections except the neck
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-08-07
GOOSE As WATCHDOG
Special to The Telegraph

wrightsville. Pa. Aug. Am old
goose which had served as q watch
dog about the home of Zachariah Mil
Ter for twenty-five years, died yester-
day. 1t previously belong to Hezekiah
Senft who bought 1t over twenty years
ago. 1t was a good layer, the owner
having sold many dollars worth of