davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

mated as "gassing." Each of these
methods OF control has its place.
The gassing method is undoubtedly
the most effective means known Of
destroying scale insects. II has been
IN general use in California for many
years. and the methods are now thor
cughly perfected and highly salts
factory. Casing should undoubtedly
be employed wherever the expense OF
the treatment. which is the one obieC-
tion 10 1t. IS not an object as meas
ured by the value of the crop pro-
tected. Fol most species Of scafe in
SectS. one good. gasSing is worth "a
much as two OF three ~sprayings. and.
Whcn done at the right season and
property, II very frequently viii al
most II not quite eXterminate the
scale from tie treated trees. giving
them a comparative immunity ofte4
Tor two or more years. The use OF
hydrocyanic-acid gas is. therefore
strongly urged wherever the condi-
lions warrant it. Casing is especially
desirable for trees that have a dense
habit Of growth. such as the orange.
which develops a large. thick head,
the spraying of which thoroughly and
completely is almost impossible, es-
p~ecially after the trees have attained
any size. Furthermore, with gas
there is no danger of sporting tn.
fruit as may happen with improper
spraying The more s~tr&gglin&
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

by treating refined potassium cyanide
tss per cent strength with eommer-
cial sulphuric acid so per cent? and
water. The treatment should continue
from thirty tn forty minutes. tho
longer time being preferable. The
work j. done at night 10 avoid tho
scalding which follows day appliea-
tions, a. least IN bright sunlight
The proportions of the chemicals as
now employed in California arr con
siCerably in excess OF the
re- commended q few years since. n
G.S treatment was nrst chiefly used
against the black scale. and At a sea
son Of the year when these scales
were all II a Young stage and easily
killed. The effort Is now made not
only to xiii the black scale. but also
the red scale. and II do more effective
work with both than formerly.
II Is VeTy important that the water
be put into the generating vessel first.
and then the acid. and lastly the
cyanide. Ii the water and cyanide
are put in the vessel first and the acid
poured IL afterward there i danger
Of an explosion which Will scatter the
acid andkbuTn the tents ana the oper-
ator. Tie dangerous nature Of the
gas must he constantly borne I'm mind
and the greatest caution should Toe
takeu>to avoid inhaling il.
The tent used is called the sheet
tent" and is drawu up over the tree
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20
'cnt Carried Over Tree by the Falling OF PuiIeys

but its growth may be almost COM
pletcly checked and it's fruit rendered
Valucless.
Mex in importance to the scale in
sects are the mite enemies of the
orange and lemon, as represented by
the mite which Causes the rusting of
tie orange in Florida, and the silver
ing of the lemon in California, and
also the leaf mite, known from it's col
oring as the siX-spotted mite of the
a These mites occur with the
scale insects, are subject to similar
remedies. and may properly be con
sidered in the same connection.
OF very great importance to the
Florida grower of citrus fruits is the
so-called white fly. the latter not be-
ing a scale insect in the ordinary &C
ccptation, but in the essential features
Of life history and habits coming in
the same category, n hence pro-
periy considered with the true scale
insects.
Occurring about the orange and
other citrus trees will also be seer
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20
Is the Sire All Right?

We are all quite familiar with the
fact that the weak. bad points of both
plants and animals seem to be more
easily established in the young than
the strong characteristics. There
seems to be a natural tendency to
retrOSreSSlOn, or q cropplng-Out or
the bad points in animals, and these
are the things which we desire to
guard against. Like begets like" is
a law OF nature. We expect the Off
spring to be like the parent. This
being the case, a poor, lean, long.
lank, ill-shaped animal. possessing a
mean, snarly disposition, will impart
these same characteristics to his off,
spring.
In the same ratio that this is true
of the poor animal, which dOeS not
adhere to any particular type, so is it
rue of the good, well-bred animal.
adhering closely to a fixed type and
possessing the characteristics OF this
breed. How often you hear your
neighbor say, Johnny Jones should
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

access is given to light ard air. is
muc less apt to be badly attacked
than a thick headed tree, ;he interior
of which is entirely shaded, thus fur
niShing the conditions most favorable
for the Well-bcing Of scale insects.
The abundance or scarcity Of scale
insect pests is very much influenced
by climatic conditions. A moderate
amount Of moisture and warmth are
the ~favOring conditions. On the other
hand, a very dry climate accompanied
during the Summer season by excess
i've heat, will frequently destroy most
scale pests, as will also a high degree
of humidity with high temperature
such as characterizes many areas
within the tropics, the latter condition
developing fungous diseases which
often keep most scale species we'll
nigh exterminated. The favoring in
termediate climate is. illustrated by
the citrus district Of Florida. Jamaica.
and the West Indies, where scale
enemies are more troublesome than
they are in the drier climate Of Cali
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

many other insects which play a bene-
fetal role, preying upon or parasitic
ing the scale insects living on these
trees. 1t Is very important to make
the acquaintance of these beneficial
species, more particularly to avoid,
whenever possible, killing them in the
warfare waged against the injurious
ones.
With the orange and lemon as with
other plants, negligent cultivation and
improper care, or any u~nfavorable
conditions Of climate which weaken
the vitality and .vigor Of the tree. en-
courage the presence and multiplied
tl"n Of the insect enemies. On the
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

o.ner hand. vigor Of growth is rena,.
iant 70 insect attack; and il viii ba
alinoSe invariably found that the mn
neaithy tree is the one first severely
1mlested with scale insects or mites
ms does not mean that vigorous
heaithy trees will not be attacked hTt
nuci trees are less apt to be cCmnIete-
y AhNaueo- AS a means of Protection
1SoiHot scale insects, a proper system
OF cultivation and pruning i tbarafora
important.
M value OF pruning as a means OF
preventing scale-ihsect injury can not
De too strongly urged. Scale insects
thrive best where they are protected
from direct sunlight and free move
ment OF the air, hence, trees-of dense
growth, unpruned, are almost certain
70 nave their centers, at least, scaly.
"A weH-pruned tree, in which free
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

growth of the lemon makes gassing
less necessary, notably where the open
system of pruning is adopted.
Successful as gassing is, it is not
effective in the same degree against
all the insect enemies of citrus plants.
1t is especially valuable against the
black seal and the red scale Of Cali
fornia, but with some of the armored
scales which deposit bcncath the old
scales Eggs which undergo a certain
amount OF incubation before Matching,
gassing is not Sc effective.
+ Casing consists in inclOsing a tree
at night with a tent and filling the
latter with poisonous fumes generated
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

fornia. On the Pacific coast, also, the
moister ocean districts are worse in
tested thar the dricr regions farther
inland with greater elevation. Under
the latter conditions the black scale,
for example, has been almost entirely
exterminated by a temperature hold
ing for several days above a hundred
degrees, and similar results have been
noted with other species.
Scale insect enemies of citrus trees
are directly controlled in two ways:
CD by spraying the infested plans
with some liquid intersecticide; CD by
subjecting them t. the fumes Of hy-
drocyanic-acid gas, commonly desig-
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

be a big. strong, ~fine-looking fellow.
for his father before him was one Of
the best-looking men in the town"
The same is true of animals
Since this is a fact, let US think for
a moment as to the sire we select
for u foundation. What sort of sire
did this animal have? How long has
his family been known? How many
brothers and sisters has he. and what
kind of animals are they? Was his
dam a good individual-was she a
good mother? If of a class OF ami
mails that bring forth young in twos
or in litter, has he a twin brother.
or litter brother? If so, how many?
What percentage are good individuals.
and what records have they?
Now. these may seem at first TO be
Of little value, but without them upon
what can you base your estimates OF
future success as a breeder
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

by mea of pulleys. Some Of the
tents are of great size.
The treatment Is made all together
at night. although il would be pos
sible to treat trees on a very dark or
cloudy day. In California and Flor
ida. at the time the treatment is used,
such days are rare. About 50 trees of
the largest size can be treated in h
night with an equipment of twelve or
fifteen tents. BY the time the last
tent is in place, the fumigation IN tho
first is completed and it al be taken
down n moved forward. Thus the
men handling the tents are kept con-
~tinuOuSly employed.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20
A FOur-FOOted Pest.

Pocket gOphers are serious garden
and orchard pests in some parts Of the
country. These animals are provided
with a pocket-ike pouch on each side
of the head. The pouches are outside
independent of-the mouth, and, con-
trary to the belief Of many, are not
used for carrying dirt out Of the bur
rows but for carrying food. The pres
ence of mounds of earth in garden, or
chard or lawn indicates the presence
Of either a pocket-gopher or a mole.
The burrow of the gopher is some
times left open temporarily, which is
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20
I!FE'S SPEEDWAY.

The Jester.
With SYPHILIS hand upon the wheel,
l lounge, secure in her protection;
No fear Of spills or jolts l feel
She drives an q to to perfection.
All. Svbil, lo long adore.
view with satisfaction
That ye Irive SO nicely, for
Y d lover to d~iStriction.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

Since the war broke out the de-
mand for nitrate has fallen off and
great hardship has followed in Chile.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20
ec,LE INSECTS AND
MITES ON CITRUS TREES

There Are Many Insect Enemies OF
Citrus Plants Other Than the Scale
Insects and Mites, But, For This
country, ut Least, These Others, in
the Main, Have No Great Economic
importance, or Are Only Occasion
ally abundant Enough to Be E1spe-
riaIly Destructive.
by &. l.. MARLATT
The scale insects, or bark lice, are
4t. most important insect enemies OF
c-rIs. as they are also of most other
ern.ropical plants. They are, as a
rtt,. small and inconspicuous singly,
.tut hey multiply so rapidly that very
soon an entire plant becomes infested
trunk, limbs, leaves, n fruit. The
attscked tree is rarely killed outright
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-07-20

not the case with hat of a mole.
Photographers are largely nocturnal
in their habits above ground.
Hawks and owls, foxes, weasels, and
the common house cat prey upon the
photographers. It is probable, too,
tina the large snakes devour them.
A No. 0 steel trap may be set in the
-burrow by digging down g foot or
more behind a newly made mound.
The top of the trap should be on a
level with the floor of the burrow and
| nearly covered with fine earth. The
opening should be covered in order to
exclude the light.
BY far the best way to destroy
photographers is by poisoned bait.
particularly before the young are
| weaned. AS much powdered strych-
| nine as can be held on the point of
a knife blade, introduced into a slit
in a small piece Of parship, carrot
apple. or potato, or a large raisin, and
placed deep down in a branch bur
row, which may be opened il neces-
sary, is very effective.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1915-08-16

Fire caused damage OF about $500,
900 in San Salvador.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1915-08-16

lent hand to hand fighting near Puisa-
lenne, in the region between the Disc
and A1sne rivers, French troops yes
terday succeeded in occupying the ex-
cavation caused by the explosion of
mine under a German trench, accord
ing to the statement issued this a&ner-
noon by the French war department.
Exceptionally violent artillery duels
are reported in the ATtois, the Cham
pagne and the Lorraine districts
Nineteen French aeroplanes dropped
10S bombs on German depots in the
valley of Spada, near St Mihiel
The text OF the statement follows:
In the course OF the night artil-
lery duels were particularly violent in
Artoise, in the region of Souchez; at
Rockincourt; in the Champagne at
Beausejour fort and in Lorraine, in
the region of Leintrey and Reillon-
Between the Oise and the Aisne
we exploded mine north of Puisa-
lenne. and we occupied the excavation
after violent hand to hand fighting.
In the Argonne at the Courtes-
Glasses and at La. Fontaine there
reSengagements with bombs and pc
tards.
In the vosges IN the region of the
Fave (riyer), a German mine was ex-
ploded on Hill COZ, south of Lusse,
without causing any loss or damage.
"a squadron Of 19saeroplanes bonn
barGed the German parks and depots
in the valley Of Spada- The aviators
dropped 108 shells on their detectives
All our aeroplanes Returned without
incident
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1915-08-16
REGISTRY DAY IN
THE UNITED KINGDOM
Every Person Between the Ages of is
and 65 Filled Out Form.

London. Aug. Is, 1880 D. m-This
was national registry day throughout
the United Kingdom. Every person be-
tween the ages of Is and 65 was call
ed upon to fill out a form giving age
occupation and ability to do work useI
tul to the state. The forms, distributed
yesterday, will be collected tomorrow
and the government in the present
crisis will be in possession of complete
information as to labor resources of
the country and the number of men
available for military service. The
enumerators had been supplied with
pink forms upon which to supply par-
ticulars regarding those capable of
military service for the use of the
war department so they can be called
upon Immediately in case OF need.
The enumeration caused remarkable
scenes. Many young men, believing
the registry means the inauguration
of compulsory service and that men
Joining the army hereafter will be
considered conscripts instead of vol
unteers. went to the recruiting Offices
which were kept open all day In some
towns, to offer their services: On the
other hand, a number OF young Irish
men working in England. Scotland and
Wales, returned to Ireland TO some
counties of which the registration leg
ulation did not apply.
The departure Of party of these
Irishmen from the Clyde was marked
by a. noisy demonstration A crowd
gathered at Greenock harbor, jostled
the prospective passengers and greet
ed them with cries of "Cowards."
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1915-08-16
SITUATION IN
CITIES OF STATE
Effort for Eight Hour Day at New
London Ship & Engine Co.

New Haven, Conn, Aug. 1.-THE Ia
Dor situation was quiescent today. ac-
cording to reports from Bridgeport
and Ansonia, where machinists are on
strike at certain plants At Ansonia
except for pickets near the gates there
was no indication of trouble at the
Farrell Foundry and Machine company
where 120 machinists are out. In
Bridgeport matters rest as they were
Friday witb>the union officers predict
ing an active campaign for the eight
hour day next week At Hartford
early yesterday a policeman who was
patrolling near a house in which a
newly hired worker for the CapewelI
Horseshoe Company lives. was in COL
lision with three men who were
thought to be pickets. there having
been for some time labor troubles at
that plant The officer was hooted by
three men He crossed the street and
ordered them to move on Two other
houses nearby came to his assistance
and the three strangers were arrested
after a scuffie- They gave their ad-
dresses as New York city.
The machinists' union officers an
nounced today their intention Of open
ing a campaign for the eight hour day
throughout the Naugatuck valley and
at New London Ship & Engine com
pany- Some employees Of the latter
concern were organized last night
At Hartford the Colt Patent Fire
Arms company today paid fits first bo-
nus The amounts per worker varied
from SO to S45- This payment was
and went to all employees who have
been continuously employed at Colts
between May 1 and Aug l. There are
1,100 employees at the plant
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1915-08-16
STREET CAR SERVICE
RESUMED IN HoCYoKE
Employees Ratify the Arbitration Plan
Proposed by Their Leader.

Holyoke, Mass. Aug. 15@Street car
service was resumed in this city and
Amherst today after n7ne days IN
which no passenger car was moved
The $50 roIleymen who have been on
strike for readjustment Of their work
ing schedules without loss Of wages,
returned to their jobs after a special
meeting at which they ratified the ar
biration plan proposed by their lead
er, John H Reardon OF Worcester By
this plan, their demands are to be sub
mitted to a board of three. the neutral
member Of which is to be named by
Governor Walsh Directors Of the
Ho1yoke Street Railway Company,
agreed to this method Of settlement
late last night
The men came to the meeting in
uniform. at the request Of Reardon,
and after voting to keep the cars run
ming while their case was in the hands
of the arbitrators, marched immedi-
atefy to the car barns The first car
left for Springfield early this after
noon, through cheering crowds and
the service soon regained normal pro-
portions.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1915-08-16
PAN-AMERIcAN NOTE
CIRCULATED IN MEXICO
Acceptance is Expected From Gen.
eraI Villa and Other Leaders.


Washington, Aug. 15.-Acceptance
of the aPn-American conference plan
for restoring peace and government in
Mexico are expected by officials here
in a few days from General Villa
General Angeles and other leaders in
northern Mexico.
1t became kpown tonight that
under the direction of General Villa
and his lieutenantS copies of the peace
appeal from the United States and
the Latin-American diplomats had
been printed at JuareZ and Chihuahua
for distribution throughout every
section of Mexico that can be reached.
The plan is to circulate the appeal
through the press by mail and by
courier and to post it on public plac-
es in the principal towns So far no
word has come as to how General
Carranza received the appeal.
Another indication of that factions s
opposition to any outside interference
in Mexican affairs was contained to-
day: however, in despatch made
public by Carranza's Washington
of foreign affairs at Vera Cruz, quot
ing a statement to newspaper men in
Mexico City last night by General
Pablo Gonzales, the Carranza COM
mandant-
General Gonzales said:
I believe that the constitutional
government will soon be recognized
'by the United States and South
American countries
War department officials continued
today to keep close watch on the
Mexican border situation. but no new
troop orders were issued.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1915-08-16

them insufficient quantities 10 suppw y
the requirements Of the national del
fence. The United States has always
depended upon the right and power 70
purchase arms and ammunition from
neutral nations In case OF foreign at
tack This right, which Il claims for
Itself, Il cannot deny to others.
Cannot Modify Policy.
The United States asserts that IL
cannot accede TO the suggestion that
It change or modify the rules Of In
ternational usage during the progress
Of q war on account Of special cond1-
tons and declares that the idea Of
neutrality advanced by Austria would
involve a neutral nation in a mass Of
perplexities which would obscure the
whole field Of international obligation,
produce economic confusion and de-
legitimate fields Of enterprise, already
heavily burdened by the unavoidable
restrictions Of war"
Teutons Sold Munitions TO England.
Attention Il directed 70 the fact that
Austr1a-HunEary and Germany before
the war produced a great surplus Of
war munitions and sold them through
out the world, especially 20 beiliger-
ents" and that never during that per-
iod did either Of them suggest or ap-
ply the principle now advocated oy
the imperial and royal government
The Boer War.
The note points out particularly that
during the Boer war between Great
Britain and South African republics
the latter were in a situation almost
identical with that occupied by Ger
many and Austria at the present time
and that "in spite Of the commercial
isolation of one belligerent Germany
sold to Great Britain. the other bel
Hgerent, hundreds Of thousands of b-
los Of explosives, gunp0wder, cart
ridges, shot and weapons: and Aus
tria-Hungary also sold similar muni-
tions to the same purchaser, though
IN smaller Quantities"
In this connection, a table, Of sales
by Germany and Austria to Great
Britain during the Boer war Is ap-
pended to the note and It is suggested
that had Austria and Germany refused
TO sell arms to Great Britain at that
time "on the ground that to do 30
would violate the spirit Of strict neu-
trality," the imperial and royal gov
erument might with 1eater consisten-
cy and greater force urge it's present
contention"
The note was cabled to Ambassador
PenfleId at Vienna Aug L. No word
OF its delivery has yet been received
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1915-08-16
BELGRADEAGAIN IS
SElNG BoMBARDED
Germars and Austrians Mobilizing
Force on the Serbian Frontier.

London. Aug. 15-Bombardment of
Belgrade, the, Serbian capital, has been
resumed by the Austrians with large
calfbre howttzers, according to an Of
fetal statement issued at Nish Fri
day and telegraphed here by the Reu-
ter correspondent. The text OF the
statement follows:
The enemy yesterday bombarded
Belgrade with large calibre howitzers.
There was no loss OF life. The bonn
bardment ceased after We shelled Sem
lin. Gin Austria on the tongue of land
formed by the junction of the Danube
and the Save opposite Belgrade, with
which it is connected by a railway
bridge) and PanScova (across the Dam
ube from Belgrade), causing fires in
Semhn and a panic in Panscova-"
Reports that the Germans and Aus
trianS had mobilized forces estimated
from 100000 to 400, 900 men along the
Serbian frontier preparatory to a cam
paign to crush the Serbians and open
a way for the shipment of munitions to
Turkey have been received from vari-
Gus sources in the past week. There
have been several clashes between the
Serbs and Austrians on the frontier
in the past few days but nothing to
indicate that Serbian territory had
been invaded.