davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Britain herald., 1915-03-31
AUTOMOBILE OWNERS.
WANTED.
 s

WANTED-Could use undehned cap ital to expose patented genius, Rel
 atively connections developed
 copious. Party with inhuenee"in in vited. Box ABB, Herald 10ffice.
New Britain herald., 1915-03-31
...sI,ssNII -llak | z

t.Ni - T K sa s3. tsstss's e.tt q. U
 TO RENT sIa Isa rstf. I xsp nj 1sss1snl.s steam sss heat. eIectric hgEk shf haodern sssss iilnp,rovem eflts. Aasd Ssde room, # &three minutes Nys5H uo HenteH. 45
 Wal1sit street M tas1 ii STO RENT--one singW rooin, or z srooms for I!ght ,housekccping. Well e furnished Convenienccs. 1S Maple sstrect Tel 211-3. 3-20-tf
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
Right off theBat

for not running, and the game
preceded.
"Ve feel like bunch Of mud
turtles" said Russ Hall yester-
day. 1T was raining when we
reached Aberdeen a week ago and
raining when we came away. 1t
rained all the time. day and
night. It's kind o. nice to get
back to a country where It don't
rain all the time"
Cy Neighbors, appearing In an
enemy's camp, had the Nisfor-
tune of being struck out the~first
time at bat yesterday. Cy didn't
do a thing with the stick, and
had only one chance in the field.
Peterson got himself In a tight
hole In the third, with men On
second and third. but pulled him
self out Of 1t with apparent ease.
Russ Hall says that the Aber-
deem team Ii getting better every
day and he wouldn't be surprised
to Sc 1t get up near the top.
All the players felt blue yes.
terday, after hearing of Happy
Hogan's death. Most of them
knew Happy personally.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
IN THE WORLD OF SPORTS
ALL READY FOR
BOUTS TONIGHT

this morning that everything was
carefully planned and that there
would be no hitch In the arrange
ments.
81 want to impress one thine
on the fans, however," said
Steele. ANY person holding q
membership ticket Is entitled to
the, full privileges Of the Tacoma
School OF Boxing. to the boxing
instruction and showers and rub
downs. No one can buy g ticket
for tonight's entertainment. We
are selling membership cards,
but they are good for instruc-
tion in the gymnasium. Tonight-s
entertainment is the first of
series of regular monthly boxing
entertainments that we contem-
plate for the remainder of the
season."
Frank Mcclellan, we'll known
boxing enthusiast. will referee
the bouts tonight. Tom Arm
strong, who has handled the
gong for all matches in Tacoma
since Hector was q pup, will be
the official time-keeper.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
BY "PETER."

One of the funniest plays we've
ever seen occurred yesterday in
the third inning. Peterson had
walked. Johnson hit a high fly
to Coltrin. and the Spokane
shortstop dropped it,, He proba-
bly, did it deliberately, but Just
the same, Peterson had stuck to
the bag, and by the time Coltrin
picked up the ball, Johnson was
also on first.
That left two runners on first
base. Tacoma players yelled to
Peterson to run to second. But
he and johnson both chung to the
bag. Coltrin simply held on 10
the ball, and laughed. Umpires
Lynch and Frary got excited ana
held heated consultation, while
players gathered around them.
Finally, they called Peterson out
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
B. P. 0. E. 10
Bury Hogan

Los ANGELES, May 18.-The
funeral of Wallace Happy
Hogan'--manager OF the Venice
Coast league team. who died yes
terday morning. will be held
Wednesday afternoon under aus
pieces Of the Los Angeles lodge of
Elks, p. b. o. e. Bray was a
member of the Tacoma lodge.
Six Of the Venice ball players will
act as active pallbearera En-
forts are being made to cancel
III Cost league games Wednesday
- mark Of respeeS to the .mem-
'ry Of the popular bail player.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
BY DICK HILL.


The Hopkins Athletic club
baseball team will go to Orting
for a game next Sunday. A large
crowd of Hopkins fans will ac-
company the team.
The Mcmillan Midgets defeated
the Alderton team Sunday in a
hard-fought game. Frank pitch
ed loose ball for Mcmillan at
times, but was strong in the
pinches. He struck o.. IA bats
men. The regular Alderton pitch
or was knocked out of the box
in four innings. The score:
Alderton ........... z 3
Mcmillan ...s. ........ ) IL 1
The Tacoma Butchers visited
Home Colony team Sunday, with
crowd of 100 fans. When the
game was over, the Butchers had
a goose-egg for their share of
the score while the Home boys
had tailed "a runs. In the first
inning, the Home team got 10
hits and 10 runs by the first 10
men at bat. Batteries: Home,
Novak and Dadisman; Butchers,
Mclean and Esklund.
The city leaguers are rounding
into form. They all seem to be
in condition and are playing good
balf.-It is worth the money to
watch them. Oakland. the sup
posed weak team, showed a lot
of class last Sunday.
Some of the rooters found fault
with Umpire Shillings' decision
Sunday in the city league games.
Shillings is a good umpire, and
If the fans only realized the diff
cult task that an umpire Is up
against, they would leave their
hammers at home.
Karstead, shortstop for the
Oakland team. is playing a fast,
snappy game this year.
Crockett. a kid signed by the
Milwaukee team, came from Cen
tralia highly touted as q phenom
amateur player. He went into
Sundays game for the last few
innings. and showed genuine
signs Of distress. He struck out,
and muffed an easy fly.
Jimmy and Curley Coen have
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18

Summary: Stolen bases-Lew-
is, Williams, Stoke. Double plays
Grover to Butler to Stoke;
Coltrin to Wuffli to Sheely q;
Wuffli to Coltrin. Two-base hits
-Wuffli, Altman, Shelly, Stew
ems. Left on bases-Spokane 8,
Tacoma 4. Sacrifice hits-Lewis
2, Sheely, Neighbors, Hester,
Butler. Struck out--By Peterson
I. by Kaufman /, by Callahan 2.
Bases on balls-Off Peterson 2,
off Kaufman 1, off Salveson 6,
off Callahan 2. Time of game
1 hour 3S minutes. Umpires-
Frary and Lynch.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
ABERDEEN HAS
MORE CHANGES

ABERDEEN, May 1S.-Aber-
deems lineup has lost every
vestige of resemblance to its APP
pearance at the opening of the
season. Striving to improve his
team. President John Barnes is
making changes almost every
day. His latest changes came yes
teray. when he announced that
he had released Catcher Carl
Lewis and Outfielders Hap Morse
and Larry Piper. Lewis asked to
be let out. lie Is one OF the best
backstops in the league. Kip
pert. former Seattle player, and
Rod Murphy, former Portland
Coast outfielder, have been
signed for the Cats rear gardens.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
HAVE
HARD HITTING
CREW ON TEAM

]. H. Ahnemiller (Megaphone
Miller), the busy little concession
guy out at Athletic park, comes
across today with a new set Of
figures showing the hitting
strength of Taeoma's and Spo,
kane's batters.
Miller's dope includes both
double-headers Sunday, and
shows the batting strength of the
Tigers and Indians as they start
their Tacoma series.
Candidly, the. dope" doesn't
look awfully good for Tacoma.
The Spokane teams average bat
ting strength is .281, as compared
to, the .24e Of the Tigers. Spo-
kane has made 1870 runs and 244
hits, while Tacoma has made ~
runs and ITS hits.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
STANDING OF THE CLUBS


to the occasion. He fell for a
nice one. slammed it straight into
Wufflfs paws, and allowed q
double to retire the side.
1t was a good little game, al
though. of course, we're disap-
pointed that We didn't win.
The score:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
BY "PETER."

The Tacoma fans who braved
yesterdays leaden skies and Wis
lied Athletic park to welcome
home our Bengal pets. saw an
other of those Unusual games
whore q little OF everything in
The category of baseball is jum-
bled together into nine short in
nings.
They saw Tacoma trimmed
for ono thing. And they
saW tho Tigers fail to hit .
pitcher who became so rank
b tho middle of the game
that his manager yankci him
ont They SAW some spec
tacular plays by both teams,
ard ono Of the funniest
plsys that has occurred ON q
Tacoma hall field In years.
The heavy-hitting Indians be-
San to tear into our pets in the
very first Crane. Wuffli, the
first man up, doubled to left, was
soecrified to third, and came home
On Williams bingle. Then came
some real baseball, to offset the
run. Sheely cracked a Texas
Lacquer over Buffers head
Johnny made a wild leap into
the air. grabbed that sizzling
liner with one hand. and brought
q back to earth. The force OF
the ball almost turned him upside
down. He tossed 1t to second,
and made q double out.
Peterson became wabbly In
the fourth, walking two men
and allowing another score.
In the fifth he was hit twice
for another tally. Dick
Kaufman replaced him In the
sixth, and pitched the re-
maindnr Of the game with
only ono hit for Spokane.
Stevens drove in a run in the
second. But Tacoma had her
grand chance to win the game in
the fifth. Salveson had blown up
like circus day balloon. He
walked Stevens and Grover. But
Ter sacrificed him to the next sta.
ttons. Peterson walked. Then
Callahan took the Indians mound
and he walked johnson. One run
one out. and bases full. Holster
came up and simply wasn't equal
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
Fail 10 Arrive

ABERDEEN, May 1S.-The
Victoria team missed connections
with o train and failed to appear
In Aberdeen yesterday afternoon
in time for the scheduled game.
Umpire Casey forfeited the game
to Aberdeen.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
COULDN'T BEAT EN-

COULDN'T BEAT EN-
The fast Roy team couldn't
beat the McAleer bunch yestcr-
day, although they had Murray,
crack U. OF w. twirler, working
for them. The score was to 8
In McAleer's favor.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18

Games Yesterday.
st. Louis ............ 3 z i
philadelphia ......... 5 IL 1
Perdue and Snyder; Mayer and
Killifer.
Pittsburg- Boston game post
poned; rain.
Chicago-New York game post
poned; wet grounds.
Enthusiastically game post
poned; wet grounds.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
WITH AMATEURS
AND SEMl-PROS

gone to British Columbia, where
they will work and play ball. It
Is rumored that Earl Coen, third
baseman of the Brewers, will go
to Tono and take Curley's place.
Davis, the southpaw of the
Cushman Indians and Brewers,
is getting better every day. He
has good assortment of curves,
and lots OF steam.
Kenny of the Bates Clothes
team was inclined to be wild
Sunday, hitting Mcdonald and
McTigh twice each. Outside of
that. he pitched pretty COED ball.
HIT YEIlM HARD
Hopkins A. C. defeated Yelm
Sunday at Yelm. II to 2. The Ia
coma team hit hard, batting Price
out of the box in the eighth,
knocking out Ellis, who went in
to replace Price, and hitting Mar
tin hard-the catcher who went
In to pitch. The score:
r H e
Hopkins A. G. ,.......11 8 8
Yelmr 2 3 4
Batteries: Fl. White and Da,<is.
Price, Ellis and Martin, Martin
and Payne.
SOME HARD HITTING
Qrting hit the ball hard Sunday
and defeated Kapowsin, IL to 1.
Left O'Hiser was to have pitched,
but got hurt just before the
game. Kapowsin has one of the
best teams In the amateur ranks.
The score: r H e
kapowsin ............ 1 6 2
Orting $3.50. IL 10 U
Batteries: Jones, johnson and
Selley; Myers and Brown.
KEYSTONES WIN
The Keystones travelled to Eat
onville Sunday and defeated the
Eatonville pets, 8 to 6. There
was heavy hitting on both sid es.
Eatonville used two pinch hitters
without success. The score:
r H e
Keystones .........'.. 8 IL 8
Eatonville 1870. 6 10 8
Batteries: Fournier and Pol
lock; Galbraith and Hardy.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
EASTLEY WINS

VANCOUVER, B. c., May<1s.
Eastley in the box, Sc
attic got touch of new life yes
terday afternoon and shut out
the Beavers, 3 to 0. The score.
r. H. e.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18

batterles-Eastley and Cad
man; Colwell and Brottem.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18

Everything is In readiness for
tonights boxing entertainment
at Glide rink, held by the Taco
ma School of Boxing.
Paul Steele, manager of the
school, who will be master OF
ceremonies tonight, announced
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
KEYSTONES WIN
@. O. F. TEAM WINS

The Catholic Order of Forest
ers ball club romped home with
the long end of the score at Du
Pont Sunday, to the tune of 13-4.
Hammond pitched good ball for
DUPONT until the sixth. Then,
with two down, he hit Roesli and
walked Maloney. Erspamer Slam
med three-bagger, and Mooney
followed with q double. Davis re-
placed Hammond, but was hit for
six runs. The score.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
TONIGHT's CARD

, ALI Lupo vs.. Ray Hunter, /.
D 1872 pounds. Q
D AL Forsman vs.. Chris .
D Khieling, 1870 pounds. q
D o. Wick vs.. Oscar Peter Q
y son, 1913 pounds. .
y Billy Peters vs.. Steve 9
D Pollock, 1913 pounds. =
D nj. Crawford vs.. l.. Chris a
D tian. 142 pounds. .
y Gus Bloom VS.. Mike Palm .
3 er, 1865 pounds. =
. Earl Conner VS.. Leo .
D Houck, 115 pounds. .
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18

Batterfes: II. Hammond, Davis
and Charlton; Roesli and Eshida.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
HIT YEI4M HARD

Batteries: Fl. White and Da,sie:,
Price, Ellis and Martin, Martin
and Payne.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
NATIONAL LEAGUE !
,~>H~e~A~~AH>>S

Games Yesterday.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-05-18
SOME HARD HITTING

Batteries: Jones, johnson and
Selley; Myers and Brown.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-01-22
HEALTH OF FLOCK
TOLD BY DROPPINGS

One may know to a certainty wheth-
er or not he is feeding his flock cor
rectly by taking a look at the drop
pings occasionally. In health the
droppings are sufficiently hard to re-
tain their shape. They are dark in
color, tinged with white. Any de-
parture from the normal in color and
consistency, indicates disease, unsani-
tary conditions or unsanitary food or
water, or that the different foods are
not supplied in the correct proportion.
If the droppings are soft and of a yell
lowish color, it indicates that the food
supplied Is of too-fattening nature,
and one should feed less Of fat-produc-
ing foods, such as corn, wheat, ETC.,
and CORRESPONDENCE increase the
quantity of foods rich in protein. On
the other hand If the droppings are
dark and watery and contain traces
of mucus, 1t plainly indicates that the
fowls are fed an excess of foods rich
in protein, and the meat in the ration
should be reduced. Unsanitary sur.
roundings, soured or spoiled food is
indicated when the droppings are thin
and of a greenish. color.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-01-22
TRACK MUST BE SUBSTANTIAL
Enormous Locomotives and Heavy
Train Equipment Call for Rails
of Great Strength.

AS the weight and power of loco
motive engines increase, the more sub
stantially must the track be built. In
older countries two things have re-
stricted the size and power of railroad
engines; the existing railroad arches
and the strength of the car couplings.
In this country the designer of loco
motive engines has not had those OBJ
stacles to consider, and we have loco
motives of enormous power and
weight; in fact, one has just been
built that weighs $40 tons Accord
ing to the Engineer, the Pennsylvania
Railroad company is now laying rails
that weigh 100 pounds to the yard.
A section of the rail is divided as
follows: head, Al per cent; web, %
per cent; and base, 81 per cent. The
height is six and one-fourth inches,
and the sides of the head have the
steep angle of eight degrees. The
rails are ten pounds heavier than the
rails that the Lehigh Valley line uses
for steep gradients and sharp curves.
Youths Companion.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-01-22
Counting Chickens Before They Are Hatched.

What are you doing to help that
BOY use up some of his surplus
"steam"-a commodity which every
healthy boy possesses?
The task of keeping a healthy boy
contentedly busy is not hard one if
the parents but recognize boy nature.
Have you ever asked yourself what
boy doesn't like animals and pets?
What youngster won't fuss for hours,
housing and caring for a living crea-
ture-be it but a crippled yellow cur,
or a guinea pig?
Small boys instinctively long for
pets-dogs, rabbits, anything. Then,
as they grow older, they want more
profitable pets-pets which will give
a financial return for the time and
money bestowed upon them. If more
parents would take advantage of this
side Of the boys nature, the problem
of keeping the lads "off the streets"
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-01-22
HAS BAFFLED EXPERTS
FATAL FLAW IN RAIL Is GUN
NlNGLY HIDDEN.
Even Microscopic Examination Has
Failed to Reveal Defect Which Is
Destined at Some Time to
Cause a Wreck.

Modern high-speed railroading faces
a new and mysterious peril. Daily
this danger grows greater. No one
knows where next it may deal it's fatal
blow.
Through the night races a magnifi-
cent limited. With 300 human lives
aboard it screams along at 60 miles
an hour. All signals are set clear, the
track is free, the equipment perfect,
the engineer alert, everything runs
like a watch. Far ahead the signal
lights loom white, the rails CLEAN like
polished silver bands in the headlight
rays; the steady rhythm Of the throb-
bling steam chests and the rumbling
wheels finds no discord except in the
screech of the whistle and the clang
of the bell for crossing.
Suddenly, without an instant's
warning, there is a crash-a rail has
given way and the whole magnificent
train is hurled into the ditch.
No power could have saved it. No
forethought no inspection, no human
warning could have prevented that
disaster.
1t seems terrible that weakened
rail should deal such fearful destruc-
ton. And, more terrible yet, that the
flaw which caused it is mysteriously
hidden and microscopic. But worst of
all is the fact that no human omnis-
cience could have foretold that fatal
weakness.
This great hazard is tiny, hidden
defect in the rails. At the start the
flaw probably was less than one-one-
hundredth of an inch in length and
deep within the rail itself. Only a
microscope could have discovered it,
even if it were at the surface. But II
was not at the surface. 1t was far
within the metal. 1t gradually grew
until it was as large as a thumbnail
and still it could not have been dis.
covered from the outside of the rail.
The experts call 1t transverse ifs.
sure" This Is the technical name for
crack that starts in the center of
the thickest part of the rail and
grows within that center without the
slightest external evidence of its pres
ence-until the rail gives way. Until
recently this type of defect was al.
most unknown. Higher speed, heavier
trains and harder steel in the rails are
responsible. The higher the speed
the heavier the train and the harder
the rail, the greater is this peril OF
modern railroading
The experts of the interstate com
merce commission have taken the
initiative in a vigorous investigation
of this new danger. They have beer
aided by the railroad authorities, as
well as by the makers of the rails
Thousands upon thousands of dollars
have been spent in a general effort
to discover just what It is that causes
these assures, and even more import
ant, how to detect their presence II
the rail.
For there lies the greatest danger O.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-01-22
NOT THE TIME FOR A SMOKE
Old Lady, Filled Up With Gar
trIdges," Was in Natural Fear
of an Explosion.

A robust old woman in the noun
tains of north Georgia was i'll for the
first time In her life and doctor was
sent for. Partly by persuasion and
partly by force, the physician induced
his patient to swallow some big quiz
nine capsules-a simple enough opera
ton, which, however, scared the old
woman almost to death. She was
soon able to sit up and her daughter
thought she would give the conva-
descent treat. She took her moth
er's corncob pipe from the shelf" or
mantel, filled 1t with tobacco, and
picking up live coal between two
sticks, started with 1t toward the bed.
"Ma," she said, brightly, "jes' look
what l got fer ye"
cit away from me, Sary," she
screamed in terror. Take away dat
fire! Take hit awayl Don't yer know
rs done plum filled up wi cartridges?"
Chicago Ledger.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-01-22
would be considerably simplified

would be considerably simplified.
For the average home, chickens
probably offer the easiest means of
satisfying the boys desire to work
with something that's alive" and that
will pay him little money.
= If that youngster of yours"is bit
restless and has nothing in particu.
lar to do, why not try him out with
few hens? See if he doesn't jump
at the chance to supply the family
table with eggs and broilers at mar,
ket prices. You will be surprised at
the amount of time which he will give
to his Tive stock" and in keeping &C
count of his feed bills and sales, he
likely will come to be quite young
business man.
1t does not cost much to start boy
In business for himself and it may
save you money and even more
many a worry. Try it.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-01-22
Willie Knew,

Some time ago the teacher of pub.
lie school was instructing a class In
geography, and when it came time to
hand out few questions she turned
to Willie Smith.
Willie" she said, "can you tell me
what is one of the principal products
of the West Indies?"
mo, ma'am," frankly answered Will
lie, after a moments hesitation.
"Just think Bit" encouragingly re-
turned the teacher; where does the
sugar come from that you use at your
house?"
Sometimes from the store" an
swered Willie, "and sometimes we Dor
row 1t from the next-door neighbor."
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-01-22

A substantial house for 100 birds
can be built on the average farm at
cost not to exceed $50 for materials
according to the outlines of a plan
recently sketched by ]. G. Halpin of
the College of Agriculture, University
of Wisconsin.
The house is 20 feet square, three
feet high on the south side, four feet
on the north side, and with the high
est point of the gable roof nine feet
above the floor. 1t is ventilated by
enclosing the south side with a wire
screen or cloth only, and by windows
on the west and east sides. The en-
trance to the building is on the west
side.
Such house when it is constructed
of hemlock or some other cheap lum.
Der is inexpensive and makes a con.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-01-22
"CASCARETS' ACT
ON LIVER; BOWELS
No sick headache, biIiousness,
bad taste or constipation
by morning.
Get a 10-cent box.


Are you keeping your bowels, liver,
and stomach clean, pure and fresh
with Cascarets, or merely forcing q
passageway every few days with
Salts, Cathartic Pills, Castor Oil or
Purgative Waters?
Stop having a bowel wash-day. Let
Cascarets thoroughly cleanse and reg
ulate the stomach, remove the sour
and fermenting food and foul gases,
take the excess bile from the liver
and carry out Of the system all the
constipated waste matter and poisons
In the bowels.
A Cascaret tonight will make you
feel great by morning They work
while you sleep-never grippe, sicken
or cause any inconvenience, and cost
only 10 cents box from your store.
Millions of men and women take a
Cascaret now and then and never
have Headache, Biliousness, Coated
Tongue, Indigestion, Sour Stomach or
Constipation. Adv.