davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

controlled by either hand or foot
levers, or a single Jet, fed by both cold
water and steam, may be installed.
The little closet in the wall be-
tween the milk room and the wash
room is to hold bottles in which the
composite milk samples may be kept.
The closet can be opened from either
room, so that the samples from the
milk room may be placed in the bot
ties in the closet and when 1t is de-
sired to test the milk they can be
reached easily from the wash room:
this arrangement makes it unnecessary
to carry bottles from one room to the
other.
Over the tester in the washroom a
shelf may be placed for the purpose
of keeping the glassware used in the
Babcock test and the scales for weigh
ing the samples Of cream.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

and ceiling may be smooth and free
from corners or projections on which
dust or dirt may accumulate.
The building should have a good
concrete floor pitched to drain
through bell traps. The side walls
as high as the window should be
plastered with cement on metal lath-
ing. The remainder of the walls and
ceiling may be covered with matched
boards and then painted with a white,
washable, enamel paint. Ventilating
fiues should extend through the roof
from the ceilings of the cooling room
and wash room. The windows should
be hinged, and set to be flush with
the inside wall when they are closed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
HOW TO SELECT SEED BEANS

Get seed from your own crop II
nossible. If there are no clean poos
in your own crop, try to secure clean
pods from a more fortunate nelgnpor'
Select in the pod, not after thresh-
ing
Pick pods free from all Spots
Spots on the pods mean that anthrac-
nose or bacterial blight may be hidden
in the seemingly clean bean.
Thresh selected pods separately.
Examine your threshed seed care
fully and throw out all doubtful-look-
ing beans, especially those that are
spotted or shriveled.
Rotate. Don't replant old bean
ground next year. Clean seed and
are the best crop Insurance
If you have to buy your seed. make
sure that it has been selected by the
grower from disease-free pods. Elk
anime purchased seed. Do not plant
If the threshed seed looks suspicious
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
HOW TO GET RID OF THE CATTLE TICK
the Cattle Tick
Dipping Remedy This Evil

A very large area in the south has
already been freed from the tick, but
twice as much still remains to be
cleaned. The edict has gone forth
the tick must go, and go at once II
the south is to enjoy anything like
it's legitimate share of prosperity.
Ticky cattle are worth anywhere
from IS to $40 head less than tick
free cattle, but because 1t is impossible
to introduce pure-bred stock into tick
infested territory for the purpose OF
grading up the herds, the difference
between the average value OF cattle
in the tick states and in the free states
is much greater than this. On jan
uary first Of this year, for example,
the average price of beef cattle over
two years old, in ten tick-nfested
states - North and South Carolina,
Georgia. Ala bama, Mississippi, Florida,
Louisiana Arkansas, Oklahoma and
Texas-was $3.50. For the remain
der Of the country it was s4S.47. In
Georgia and Florida the price was
only SIS, in Alabama $40, in Mississ
ippi, S22, in Louisiana, $24 With
the exception Of Vermont and Ten
nessee, where the averages we're $50
and $35, respectively. Every tick
free state had an average of $40 or
more. Eighteen states were over $50
and two over $50.
Tick-inf ested cattle not only weigh
less-and therefore are worth less
than tick-free cattle, but they bring
less per pound. In Alabama and
Mississippi, on January first, the
ou n
necticut it was s.4 cents. and in no
free states was 1t as low as cents.
The hides Of ticky cattle are damaged
and such hides can not be used for
making fine grade of leather, there
fore the market price for hides from
ticky cattle is much reduced. From
so cents to $1.25 is the average loss
in value Of tick bitten hides
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
HARVESTING AND STORING SWEET POTATOES
Million Bushels Sweet Potatoes
= Annual yin the Unite

at from so degrees to e5 degrees F.
When the tubers are first put in stor-
age and are going through the sweat
ing period the temperature Is run up
to 80 degrees F.. The common method
of storage Is to put the tubers in a
cone-shaped pile containing 80 to so
bushels. Over the pile a layer Of
fine dry straw or hay, then a layer of
corn stalks, and on the top Of this
two or three inches Of dry sand is
placed The whole Is then banked
two or three inches deep with heavier
SOIL
In South Carolina many growers
store their sweet potatoes in cotton
seed hulls and dry sand, and they
keep very we'll. A good crop Of sweet
potatoes will run from 200 to 400
bushels per acre. The cost of pro-
duction is about $50 per acre In
some localities sweet potatoes are
grown extensively for stock. Hogs
relish them and do their own digging
For horses and cattle the roots should
be sliced. Sweet potatoes contain
four to six per cent of sugar and slN-
teen to eighteen per cent OF starch
They contain considerably more rat
than Irish potatoes and, on the whole
have a somewhat greater tood value
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

Dairy cattle suffer no less than beef
stock, for the tick gets the blood
that should go to the making OF milk.
Government tests show that light
infestation of ticks reduces the milk
flow 1S per cent; heavy one as much
as AZ per cent. Translate this loss
into dollars and cents for herd OF
20 cows, which under normal con-
ditions should each give quarts
day. With milk at cents per quart
a light infestation costs the owner OF
such herd $3.50 in the course of zoo
days milking. A heavy infestatlon
costs him $50. In county where
systematic tick eradication work Is
under way he could dip his herd, free
them from ticks, and save this loss
for total expenditure that would
certainly be no more than $40.
This is not mere theory; 1t has been
proved in actual practice. One dairy
mans experience is typical. He
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

grees F. or lower. An up-to- date
sanitary dairy house is provided with
all the facilities for cooling milk in
the most economical and expeditions
manner.
For convenience the dairy house
should be near the barn, yet so far
from it that no barn doors can be
detected in the house. and should be
on we'll drained land which slopes
from the house.
The principal purpose in building
a. dairy house is to provide a place
where dairy products may be handled
apart from anything else. To carry
out this idea it is necessary to divide
the interior Of the building 80 that
the utensils do not have to be washed
in the same room where the milk is
handled. The idea Of absolute clean
liness must always be kept in mind;
therefore there should be no unnec-
essary lodges or rough surfaces on
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

The equipment of the dairy house
consists Of IN to 2 horsepower
vertical boiler which supplies steam
to the sink and to the steam jet In
the drain board, galvanized-iron
wash sink, can rack, Babcock
tester, a concrete cooling tank, milk
cooler, and milk scales. A separator
may also be located in the milk room.
After each cows milk is drawn it
should be carried to the milk room,
weighed, recorded, sampled for the
composite test. and strained. 1t Is
then run over the cooler, using cold
running water for the first cooling.
When can is filled with milk from
the cooler 1t is put into the cement
tank, which should be filled with ice
and water we'll up on the neck Of the
can. and the contents should be
stirred frequently until thoroughly
cooled. When the milk Is not being
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
A Seed Corn House

A few people who are contemplat-
ing selecting seed corn for sale will
be interested in seed-corn houses. A
seed-corn house may be built like any
other well-constructed building. the
chief requirement being dryness and
ability to secure thorough circulation
of air. 1t is desirable to have arrange
ments in a seed house for artificial
heat when the weather gets cooler in
the fall, and the heat should be pro-
vided until the corn is thoroughly dry,
whenever there is any danger of its
freezing.
The most economical way of putting
corn in seed-corn house is in racks
made of 2X4 and covered on both sides
with wire, so that the ears of corn
may be stuck through and will rest
on the wire on either side; or else
frames made of 1x4 with lath nailed
on either side just far enough apart
so that ears of corn may be laid in
rows between the lath. These frames
may be stood up in the building by
fastening to the wall or bracing in any
other way desired. BY starting at the
back. filling one frame, then setting in
another to be filed the frames can be
put not to exceed one foot apart. In
this way large amount of seed corn
can be stored in comparatively
small space and stored in such way
that absolutely free circulation Of air
is provided. A room 16x20 and feet
high will store in this way between
200 and 800 bushels Of corn.
When artificial heat is used, the
stove should be enclosed in Jacket
to cause circulation of air through
out the room and to prevent the over
heating of any corn that may be close
to the stove.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
Perspective View.
An inexpensive, Sanitary Dairy House.

! The dairyman can i'll afford to spend
his time carrying water in pail to
cool milk and wash utensils.
For the proper sterilization of
utensils an abundance Of steam or hot
water is needed. A pail or can may
appear to be clean and still may con-
tain numerous bacteria which will
hasten the souring of milk, cause bad
flavor in butter or cheese, or spread
contagion. After the utensils are
thoroughly cleaned they should be
either scalded with boiling water or
steamed.
The dairy house should be so built
as to economic labor to the greatest
extent. To do this the building must
be arranged to avoid unnecessary
steps.
1t is not possible to submit a plan
that will suit all conditions, but it is
believed that the accompanying de-
scription Of dairy house will meet
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
TO TELL A SLEEPS
AGE By THE TEET

A lamb has eight small first-teeth on
the lower jaw. When the animal
reaches the age Of about one year, the
m ddle pair are replaced by two per-
manent teeth, at the age of about two,
the teeth on either side of these per-
manent teeth, are also replaced with a
permanent pair; at the age of three,
the next tooth on either side gives way
to permanent tooth; and at about
the age of four, the last or back teeth
are replaced in like manner.
Briefly then, sheep with one pair
of permanent teeth is a yearling; a
sheep with two pairs is a two-year old;
with three pairs, a three-year old; and
with four pairs. a four-year old.
After sheep is four years old, one
cannot tell by the teeth about the age.
However, one who Is purchasing a
sheep should see to it that it has not
lost any teeth, or that the teeth have
not become long and shoe-peggy In
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
A-Milk from Tick-free Cows,
B1From Cows With Few Ticks,
C-From Cows With Many Ticks

owned ~ ticl1y cows, save them one
dipping and week afterwards found
that he had 1876 per cent more milk.
The daily revenue from tina herd was
increased $3.50.
For all the evils that the tan1k
causes there is very simple remedy
an arsenical bath.
The work must, however, b sys.
tematic and comprehensive. An un>
dipped herd IL q menace to all th1
dipped ones. For this reason tho best
results are obtained when county
having once voted to undertake
eradication, thereafter enforoes rigidl
the necessary regulations. 70 aid II n
organizing its campaign and In supss.
vising the construction OF the vat and
the dipping Of tho cattle the United
States Department OF Agriculture sup
plies experienced specialists; the coun.
ty or cattle owners build the WITS and
furnish the arsenic.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
New Method of
Packing Butter

I often hear good housekeepers say
that it is quite impossible to pack but
ter SO that 1t will keep longer than a
few weeks and be fit for the table I
never dispute them, If they are older
than I am, or when they seem very
opinionated; for I am a young house
keeper. But I have helped mother
ever since ! was little girl Of ten
and mother was a good housekeeper,
and knew how to keep butter.
Another proof that butter can be
packed. so that it will keep, is found in
who said it couldn't be done, has eaten
my packed butter and called 1t good.
But she didn't know 1t was packed.
when she said so.
Every farmers wife knows that
there comes time each year when
there isn't cream enough to spare for
butter, that is unless several cows
are kept I never try to pack butter
that is churned In very hot weather.
Indeed, I seldom churn in hot
weather, for then we require a great
deal Of milk and cream for the table.
i is then we begin using the butter
had packed away in the spring, when
the cows were fresh.
Butter must be quite Arm to pack
successfully. 1t should be well washed
in plenty of clear. cold water, to get
out all buttermilk for it is the sour
buttermilk that spoils, not the butter.
] use fine rock salt for my butter, and
with it I work in very little salt
petre and sugar. I can't say how
much for I never measure-just take
up pinch of the saltpetre and mix it
with spoonful of sugar. and then mix
this with teacupful of the rock salt.
After working the butter thoroughly,
1ut net enough TO break the grain
and gle it the appearance of salve,
ack it solid In new crooks holding
ato" ""e pounds each. Then in
lar 81 n " crooks. / pour quart or
II -'e Of very strong brine ard place
:" c"oc'; Cf butter upside down. in
til a ri0ce CT heavy paper is tied
CO. AZ al t is set away in cool
J, a" II IAN ed. I have kept but
I =" FOR he "'onths in thi; way, and /
] "" Us good as if freshly churned. {
Am sure would lave kept longer +
had ] not needed it for the ia Bile
: ale. p; rec
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
Nv f. KELLY and X. e. PARKS

Recent developments in dafryinS
have caused a large demand TOT
dairy house which will fulfill sanl-
tary requirements and at the same
time be practical and inexpensive.
For those who. are striving to i'm
prove the quality of their products
such a building is an absolute neces-
sity. Milk which is poured or strained
in the barn, or allowed to stand there,
is liable to be contaminated by bac-
terra and to absorb stable odors. AS
soon as the cows milk is drawn 1t
should be carried to the dairy house,
to be cooled Immediately to SO de-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
INCREASED FOOD VALUE

That the feeding value of corn is
increased 40 per cent when made into
silage is no longer questioned by
those who are feeding it. In fact. It
is not uncommon to hear farmers
say that it increases the value Of
corn even more. It Is a well-known
fact that SO per cent Of the value Of
the corn plant is in the stalk and
leaves. Not only is 1t true that silage
increases the value of corn. but Of
all other foods fed to live stock
There is no homegrown feed which
becomes more indispensable than
silage when 1t has been given fair
trial. The greatest proof Of this Is
the fact that farmers who have one
silo are building another.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

which dirt may lodge. Ventilators
are necessary to keep the air In the
milk room fresh and free from all
odors and to carry steam away from
the wash room. Windows are OK
great Importance, as they admit sun
light and fresh air and facilitate
work. In summer the doors and
windows should be screened to ex-
clude files and other insects.
It Is imperative that there be
plentiful supply of cold, running
water at the dairy house. If 1t is
not possible to have regular water
system water may be piped from an
elevated tank fed by an engine, wind
mill, hand pump, or hydraulic ram.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

stirred the cans should always be kept
covered, to prevent the entrance Of
dust, dirt, insects. etc. Never mix
warm milk and cold milk or cream.
The doors Of the milk room should
be kept shut except when necessary
to pass in or out.
When all the milk Is cooled, the
cooler, pals, strainers, etc, can be
carried into tho wash room, where
they should be rinsed in cold water
and then washed with hot water and
washing powder. After this they are
rinsed, steamed, and inverted on the
drain board. For this purpose two
pipes may be used, one carrying cold
water, the other steam: these may be
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
Give Bees Good -. y
Winter Quarters

The winter losses Of bees are great
every year. Beeksepers can reduce
these losses by preparing their bees
for winter and giving them good win.
ter quarters.
The chief known causes FOR wlrese
losses are quesnlessness, lack OF num-
bers in colonies, insufficient food, poor
food, dampness. lack Of air. the break
ing Of clusters, and low temperatures
A queenlsss colony will certainly dc
IN q few months.
If the number Of bees In colony -
small, the cluster cannot generate
enough heat or keep the heat II gen-
crates and the bees freeze. In the
fall small colonies should b united
into one big colony.
Bees must eat IN the wiueer IN order
to generate heat. They must have
about forty pounds Of honey when
they 90 into winter quarters II they
are short, they should be supplied
early with finished frames or fed
sugar syrup. Dark (not amber) honey
is poor food for bees to winter on. All
black honey should be removed ana
combs Of white honey should be m
serted.
Dampness in q cellar causes the
COMBS and frames and tho hive walls
and cover to get wet and mouldy, and
the bees perish from wet cold. Bees
need fresh air. Foul air win cause
excitement, and the bees win scatter
and die. Excitement among bees in
winter is fatal
The present style OF Hoffman frame
divides the bee cluster tn winter into
eleven spaces, and the bees arc unable
to pass from one space to the other
When the bee cluster contracts during
the winter, those left on the outside
frames die. Some beekeepers per-
forate their frames for the easy pass
age Of bees from one compartment to
another. II kept In q warm place they
can pass over or around the frames. In
long-continued and severe cold tho
bees may not be able to move along
the frame and they will sometimes die
Of hunger within an inch Of tho honey
supply.
Bees should be kept In cellar at q
temperature of about 45 degrees.
Very strong colonies, however, will
survive almost any degree Of cold. In
hives we'll protected with leaves. ex-
celsior, or shavings, bees have win-
tered in Minnesota very SUCCESSFULLY
especially in sheltered localities.
Cellar wintering is at present gem
eral But the beekeeper should be
sure to have warm, dry. dark, we'll
ventilated cellar for his bees and they
should not be disturbed during their
winter sleep.
with the best of care many colonies
are lost every. winter, which shows
that there is still great deal to learn
about the best conditions Tor w1ntof-
ing.-Francis JAEGER, University Farm
st. Paul.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

The sweet potato is probably native
10 tropical America 1t is tender to
frost and is not grown commercially
10 any extent north Of New Jersey
In gardens it is grown as far north
AS Maine and Michigan. 1t is ex-
tensively grown all through the south
md in California. The chief states Of
production are the Carolinas, Georgia.
Texas, Ala bama, Mississippi, Virginia
Ind New Jersey.
Sweet potatoes may be gathered
Tor the table as soon as they are large
enough. The main crop should be
eft in the ground until the tubers
nature. This is told by breaking the
.lbers and exposing them to the air.
II they are mature enough for storing
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

the needs of the average dairy that
ships either milk or cream IN cans.
This plan is capable Of considerable
variation to adapt it to wide sphere
of usefulness. For larger dairies the
same ARRANGEMENT may be used on
a larger scale, each room being made
of greater size
The building described Is 20 feet
long, 10 feet wide, feet inches
high in the front, s feet inches In
the rear, and has shed roof. The
exterior of the building may be COW
cred with sheathing and building
paper or with Notwithstanding and
shingles, the deciding factors being
expense, durability, and appearance.
The interior, however, should be
carefully finished so that the walls
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

the original color is maintained: II
not. the broken surface turns a black
or greenish color. In, any case they
should be gathered Immediately after
a frost Before digging the vines are
cut and cleared away and the tubers
then dug with hill sweep pillow or
like tool. After drying in the sun
for few hours they are gathered into
small piles where they remain until
removed from the fields.
Sweet potatoes do not keep long
under the best methods Of handling
and the most efficient methods of
handling and Of storage Is still an
unsettled one. Large handlers store
them in dry rooms having good ven
tilation and keep the temperature
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
REGION OF GREATEST SNOWFLAKE

A total snowfall Of 7s3 inches has
been recorded in single winter at
Summit, CAL, while as much a. SoT
inches has been on the ground at one
time at the same station. As this
snow furnishes most Of the water used
In irrigation, hydraulic mining. and
other phases OF engineering, the ques-
ton of snow depth Is of much I'M
portance In forecasting the amount
Of water available for such purposes.
u. S. Dept. circular.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
GETTING RID OF POULTRY LICE

Spraying the roosts with lice killing
remedies are of little value. One of
the best and most common methods
Of getting rid Of lice is to apply insect
powder which should be we'll busted
into the feathers. A second applica-
ton ten days after the first will catch
the second brood of lice and make
thorough job Of it, otherwise If these
live the first application is Of little
value.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
AVOID DIGESTIVE DISORDERS

The careful herdsman avoids diges-
tive disorders in the calf by feeding
the skim milk warm and using only
clean buckets. Overlooking also helps
to derange the digestive tract and
should be avoided. From the time
that the calf is born until it is well
grown it should be provided. with
clean STALL This, prevents navel III
and insures a healthful growth.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
HOPS

The estimated yield Of hops Is LOAF
hounds per acre for the United States
against sS5 pounds last year, and a
ten-year average of l,O65 POUNDS.
Hops in New York are given at oSo
pounds, Washington 1,75O, Oregon s5O
and California l, 800, anincrease over last
year in all the states except oregon,
where it remained the same.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25

Young calves will soon learn to lick
at grain and nibble at hay. They are
equipped with grinders quite early IN
their lives and will soon make use OF
these feeds.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-11-25
~, ''CT APPLE TRIES

IS g '"' 30 re 100 vaiua BILE to feed
nc rabbits. says r. S. Mack
= = Extension Division University
t. Paul. All young trees can
II lie protected by means of heavy
wire netting Of quarter-inch
= ] wrapped around the trunks. All
! 80 .nd weeds should be removed
II trees that are likely to be in
lured by mice.