davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-12-26
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

0TALY at the economic stage of the
war finds it necessary to take ac-
count of the cost. Censored news
q paper utterances indicate that the
sacrifices are felt. but that they will
be borne cheerfully.
The hazards were great, but Italy
also played for a big stake in taking
her place on the side of her allies.
il is. therefore. not simply ques-
tion of a sufficiency of her own re-
sources, since England and France are
back of her financially. The recent
action of the Canadian government in
Communicating millions of bushels of
wheat is an illustration of this back
ing England was taking this means
of procuring wheat for Italy.
x
Her world trade that was interrupted
by the war. and that was further de-
creased when Italy entered into it,
ranged from 200.000,000 to $780,
900 600. In the first months, while she
was neutral Italy was the gamer 1t was
not known then that she would choose
the entente powers as against her
partners, Germany and Austria. in the
triple alliance.
Germany obtained many supplies
through Italy and the big profits OF
the Italian merchants remained in the
country They were entirely lesiti-
mate profits. as much so as the prohts
of the American manufacturers of mu-
ritions who are supplying the allies.
but they caused uneasiness in Eng
land remonstrances and interference
with Italian trade.
Annual sales to the central powers OF
more than S1O0, 100000 annually, of
course. ceased when Italy entered the
war. although the bulk of these sales
were to Germany. and technically Italy
is not at war with Germany, but only
with Austria-Hungar But the ship
ments of goods to Germany stopped.
as did the importations from Germany
Italy has few foreign Investments in
the form OF the securities of other
countries. but she has considerable
sums invested in mercantile enter
prises. These are principally in the
eastern Mediterranean countries. in
Guiding both Turkey in Europe and
Turkey in Asia. and in South America.
The large colonies of Italians in Tur-
key naturally find their business
ting goods from Italy and OF remitting
the profits. II is impossible at this
time to calculate the money value of
this trade which the war has destroyed.
South America. as neutral territory,
makes a more favorable showing.
since there has been no interruption
OF the trade currents. and the Italian
merchant marine has been able to con-
tinue carrying cargoes both ways.
There also has been the gain from the
shutting out of the Germans. since
Italians are able to supply electrical
Evening star., 1915-12-26

assets the war loans that had been
emitted. The expenses of the war, the
finance minister said. had amounted to
SbO0.000,0O0 during the first five months
of 1taly's participation and would be
proportionately higher hereafter For
this reason another national loan was
necessary +-.e -
Up to December there had been two
italian war loans. Not much is known
about them, except that England had
stood behind them. war credit of
$25.000.000 was obtained in the United
States in the form Of short-term notes
bearing g. per cent interest. At the end
Of the year these notes are convertible
into bonds. and they. therefore. may be
said to be part of Italy's war debt.
They were taken largely by patriotic
Italians. At the time this was said to
be ltaiy's only war loan outside the
evidently not being considered a loan.
Berlin. which keeps close watch on
the financial operations of the enemy
countries, has declared. that italy is
spending more on the campaign against
Austria than is admitted Berlin dis
patches. Which did not come by way of
the censored London cable, have stated
that the cost of the campaign against
Austria is 5000. 900. 900 monthly, and that
there have been huge issues of paper
money and of short-time treasury bills
Germany's experience in this kind of
financing may be furnishing the ex-
ample to, Italy.
Additional taxes have been, laid by
the government, and they have been
borne cheerfully by the people, but
Italy is unlike England in that it has
no vast, accumulated wealth on which
to draw for purposes of taxation. The
cost of her participat tion in the war
must be met largely by means of bor-
rowing, although in the end the in
crease in her public debt may be no
larger proportionately than the in
crease in the public debt of Great Brit
ain.
In view of the heavy strain on the
Italian people to maintain the war
which she Is waging against Austria
and the need of conserving her re-
Evening star., 1915-12-26

will not he too great il Italian territory
is obtained in the near east under any
kind of international settlement that
may grow out of the war While that
is in prospect. they are not likely to be
pessimistic about the size of their ma
tional debt when the war shall end
The United States has a direct inter-
est I'm the ultimate effect of the war on
Italy. This is entirely aside from the
sentimental interest which on the part
of some people, is quite warm. and on
the part of others is cold or indiffer-
ent.
Italians, speaking with the voice of
official authority. have pointed out
mat as consequence of the war the
United States may establish itself per-
manently in Italy industrially and COM
mercially. This does not relate direct
iy to the heavy purchases that Italy
has made in the United States since she
began to prepare for the war. Some of
these such as wheat, will take their
regular channels whenever peace
COMES. They have not actually been
much out of the normal course since
the war began. Last year Italy made
larger purchases of wheat in the Unit
ed States than usual. because the Ar
gentine supply was short and the Ca
madam crop was not available. This
year. under the ARRANGEMENT by which;
England does the wheat-buying for
Italy. smaller quantities will be bought
here. and more in the Dominion.
=
The trade in war munitions also will
fall off, but there are certain commod-
tiles which will have permanent
market. The coal trade had been es-
tablished before the opening of hostili-
ties. Its increase is only partly due to
war need and to the Limitation of the
supply from Cardiff.
Other American products, particularly
raw materials and semi-finished arti-
cles. are also gaining permanent
market on their merits.
The Italians who speak with the
voice of official authority would go
farther than this and have American
capital take the place of German capt.
tai in Italy. The war disclosed that
many supposedly Italian houses were
in reality German firms, and were
operated entirely on German capital
This knowledge has added to the pref
udice which was always noticeable in
Itai.> against foreign capital Under
peace, German capital viii have diff
Guilty in re-estabiishing itself in Italy.
and friendly foreign capital, such as
that of England and France. will not
be available. There is no prejudies
against American capital. and the tend
ency now is to encourage il to come
into Italy. --
American financiers and industrial
leaders. who are now looking over the
whole world the field for future
operations, are not likely to forget
Italy. They are. however. conservative,
and If they establish banks and indus
trial enterprises ii will only be after
careful investigation. Investments of
American capital in Italy would un-
doubtedly increase our trade Just as
1t is expected to increase the trade
with South America.
Evening star., 1915-12-26

IT for public worship. But stop there
Protect the ruins like jewels. But do
not touch them. Follow the example
of the ancients. Did any one try to
restore the Parthenon?r
And Rodin finally clinches the matter.
In his letter to Roman ROLAND he
says:
Ignorance is so great that the peo-
pie believe that a ruined cathedral
can be repaired or restored. If that
were true. the harm done would not
be great; we could rebuild cathedrals
Tor money, as we can rebuild a battle
ship. But the sad thing is that no
man knows how to build Them
So, ruins they are-but more living
than before.
For the French are returning to pray
IN them. STERLING HEIIIG.
Evening star., 1915-12-26

as | have been told, enlarged and en-
bellished to it's present magnificence
+ the work being finished in 1860.
=
x !:
So, we can understand how the hearts
of the French people are rooted. so to
speak, in these grand old edifices.
They did not realize it. Many neg
lected them.
They were always there, an old story.
But the moment when German shells
began to riddle towers and roofs of
Rheims, scissors, Senlis and Laon, the
average Frenchman was struck dumb.
Gould it be possible? Could anybody do
such thing? a kind of sorrowful
heart-sickness panied even the frivo-
lous and the thoughtless.
Enter no matter which of these old
churches, by hazard, and look back, in
imagination, on the past. A people of
shadows rises up, and every stone has
its story.
At Amiens, behold the plain and COM
mon people surging forth against the
seigneurs-democratic victory to do
your heart good. The burghers of the
city had obtained through their Bishop
Geoffry the right to run their own mu-
nicipality. But Count Enguerrand de
Coucy, who had right of lordship'
over Amiens. and bloody overman
named Castillon, who had a strong
tower in the outskirts, pretended to
run things by themselves. War broke
out.
The troops of de Coucy, intranched
round the Castillon tower, terrorized
the people. This lasted until the year
1115, when Bishop Geofry had the
idea to appeal to the king-Louis the
Big, who had, in reality. less power
than several of his great mobiles. All
the same, the entrance of the king
into Amiens gave great courage to
the people," runs the old chronicle
"On Palm Sunday, A. ID. Ills. Bishop
Geoffry preached before the king and
entire population on the events Of the
day. He mathematical the wicked
seigneurs who terrorzed them from
the Castillon tower, and, on the part
of God. promised the kingdom Of
Heaven to all who might perish in at
tacking the fortress
!.
In those days they kept their great
war machines in the churches for
safety. They were principally batter
ing rams. Reused to holy fury, the
people and soldiers dragged the ma
chimes from the cathedral. bridged the
moat OF Castillon, battered in it's great
Evening star., 1915-12-26

door and took the oppressors prison
ers.
/ myself have souvenir of a little.
ancient church on the road to Bourges.
A thunderstorm stopped our automo-
bile at Mehun suryevre, and. having
an hour we looked around. The guide
books told us, at once, that we were on
historic ground. The King of France
once owned a chateau here. Nothing
of it remains. But there was this
small church to which we made a pill
grimage of faith and romance in men,
ory of Jeanne d'Arc-yet. Jeanne was
nowhere in the story.
During the hundred years war, the
best French provinces fell under the
English" recounts Monstrelet. Charles
VI. demented king of France, had just
died, and the Dauphin Charles was at
a little fort called Espalli. near Puy.
in Auvergne. He was very sad, and
wept abundantly. His advisers decided
that he must be crowned at once. The
ceremony could not take place in
such lost hole as Espalli. yet Rheims
were in the hands of the English. so.
lacking better, they chose Mehun-sur-
fevre. where the, new king possessed
a chateau
So. it was in our little ancient church
of Mehun that Charles VII quilted his
black robe of mourning for the YER
million robe of crowning," tells Mon
strelet. The banner of France was
raised in the church, the officer of arms
cried high and clear: "Vive lie Roi"
and the bishop anointed and crowned
the boy, in presence of three church
men, four ladies and nine captains
1t was before the days of Jeanne
d Arc and the grand crowning in the
insisted on. Jeanne was not present
at Mehun. She was still a peasant
girl
Whether after the war; it will be
possible to partially restore some or
other of the ruined cathedrals of
Rheims. Arras. scissors, Senlis and
Laon Is a doubtful question.
x
The whole front of the cathedral
of Arras," says Joseph Reinach, the
expert, lis mutilated in it's most ex-
quisite sculptures and magnificent dec
orations. Like the belfry and town
hall. which are heaps of ruins. it
should be left as it is, for the instruc-
tion or future generations. The ruins
must remain an eternal Witness"
The sculptor. Mercie. who, with Fall
guiere, made the Lafayette statue in
Washington. D. c.. says:
DO not touch anything. You have
not the right. You must not attempt
to restore anything. Keep all in the
conditions of immortal ruins in which
they have been placed by the cannons
of the Germans. Let us not also COM
nit sacrilege."
He explains himself when he speaks
of Rheims:
"If we were able to do it perhaps
we might consider the subject But
none Of US is able to do it. No one
today can rebuild the cathedral OF
Rheims. Put a root on it and open
Evening star., 1915-12-26

merely state the facts. Who has
understood France
n has even reached the thcater. That
is TO say. a grand scenic poem in dia
IosGe. called The Cathedrals." iY re-
cited on the stage OF the Sarah Bern
harIt Thea;ar. and stirs In unison the
hearts OF multitudes who seldom en-
tered d theater and multitudes who
seldom entered a church.
The success is immense. All France
wants The Cathedrals"
Now. the happening Of this piece, like
everything else in the present war
seems AN overriding by Providence Ia
bend III things to good and common
things to noble. Here is dramatic
artistic. the greatest II you VIII. bu,
yet dramatic artistic. running he,
enterprise and not notable for reli-
Gious propa zarda before the war A
fall, a few years ago. gives her a bad
knee and finally necessitates amputa-
ton. Sarah Bernhardt. with her leg
cut off above the knee, hesitates tc
make her first temperance hobbline
about the stage.
So Sarah seeks sitting scena rio
And as when the queen wears higl
collars all tho ladies in waiting weai
high collars. SO II seemed meet thai
her support should also sit
She found the desired piece in "Th,
csthedrals." All sit
In THE Cathedrals" no one budges
This. doubtless. first attracted Sarah Il
the grand allegorical dialogue of Eu
gene Morand. But the religious re
viva1 in everywhere in the air. ant
the poetic fire OF IL soon caught IL
Sarah's heart. She saw the astonish
ing opportunity. she warmed to it. sh'
rose TO 1t,
The cathedrals,
In a scene of clouds which repre-
sents the sky Of France. the cathedrali
Evening star., 1915-12-26

the collective souls of each French
province-call to each other, as in
their hopes Each is a beautiful young
woman-Arles, St. Pol Leon, Paris.
Rouen. Beauvais, Rourges, Amiens-
but they are perceived half vaguely,
like towers which penetrate the mist
to the clear sky.
A little common soldier zone of
hem-answering their calls. beholds
another cathedral surge up. 1t is that
OF Stra sburS, forty years captive
Nine. Sarah Bernhardt In tones of
maternal sweetness she tells of the wan
ton ruins OF Invaded France and Bel
gium, of cathedraIs deliberately bonn
barded. churches wrecked. libraries de-
stroyed, and then the golden voice be-
comes voice of brass, to accuse the
baroarians and announp their .ap-
preaching punishment, while in the dis
tance. suddenly lighted by gleamin <
flames. the b!ackened cathedrals of
Rheims and Laon and the crumbling
spires of Flanders emerge as lament
able witnesses.
Each one ruined is irrepla ca BILE. ard
II is vain to say we will rebuild
them. Ho" snail any one rebuild
them They were built by entire
populations. Tho Cathedral of I-aon
was a splendid mark for'their cannons,
? and Jean de Ronnefon deems that it is
wrecked for good 1t stands high on a
steep butte. In the year 1880 the peo-
PIE Of two cities and fourteen towns
quarried the stone and transported
every block TO the summit by hand. AS
az Amiens, after giving their money,
they gave their labor. They worked
day and night. in relays. BY the light
OF lanterns. singing hymns"
At Chartrcs, in the year 1894 IL was
grandiose- All the country round about
-burghers, artisans, workinSmen and
peasants-"focked for fifty miles to of
Ter their labor gratuitously." Entire
a
body for the purpose.
'ln the time when they built the
great nave of Notre Dame" recounts
the "Poeme des Miracles "the inhab-
itants of Chateau-Landon, in the ter
ritory OF Gatinais, men and women,
poor and rich. assembled and resolved,
as folks full of charity. that they would
load wagons with wheat and haul
them, loaded, all the way to Chartres,
to aid in the construction of the cathe-
dral. They fixed long ropes to the
wagons. and by means of leather col
lars round their shoulders, they pulled.
ALL together, because heavy We're the
loads
SO the people hauled the stone blocks
from the quarries, men and women by
thousa nds, singing hymns and tugging
on their leather collars. Any one who
let out a swear word or an exclamation
of impatience was embarrassed Tor the
day, being deemed unworthy to haul
until the next morning.
The labor unions thrilled with holy
enthusiasm. Apart from vast contri-
buttons In material and labor. year
after year. each union (guild) paid for
Evening star., 1915-12-26
ally Playing for Big Stake in the European War

E'NGLAND. and France Back Her Finan-
: - { cially, and She. Does Not Have to
: Rely Entirely Upon Her Own. Resources.
World Trade Interrupted by WarItalian
Trade With the United States-War, Bor-
srowings to Date American Capital Well
comed-Additional Taxes to Keep Up the
War-Heavy. Strain Cheerfully Borne by
:, the People q 8
Evening star., 1915-12-26

and ItHly's action in making war on
Turkey in order to gain this African ter
ritory was denounced by influential jour
mails as piracy. Since Italy Joined the
allies British public opinion has be-
come much more charitable. and is now
ready to Justify Italy in maintaining
herself in Lydia, just as England finds
it necessary. to maintain herself in
Egypt .-5
CONFLICTING reports come. from north
ern Africa about the efforts of the Arab
tribes there to AXE advantage of the
war and drive the Italians out. Whether
they. are meeting with any degree o.
success can only be surmised. but it is
certain that the cost of empire as
shown in the original S400.n00. 900, will
have some additions. and England may
help to foot the bill. She is now almost
as much interested in ontinuing Ital-
ian control of Lydia as in her own con-
troll of Egypt. -.
Italy's war borrowings to date are
not fully known. When she took her
stand with the allies the premier an
nounced that the financial conditions
were sound and satisfactory. Much
money had been spent on preparedness
both for the army and navy, but the
expenditures were fully justified. Both
branches of the military service were
in splendid shape, and while Italy is
not yet in possession of the Austrian
Tyrol and of the other territory which
her national ambitions and aspirations
demand, the Italian army has given a
splendid account of itself
1t is the expenditures for keeping
up the war that now occupy the Italian
government. These, undoubtedly would
cause grave anxiety II England's credit
and Frances credit were not back of
Italy.
The budget shows the financial situa-
ton. A short time ago the minister of
the treasury. Signor Carcano, told the
parliament that the budget of 1914
1915 had been closed with deficit of
1851, 100000. The budget of the current
year, that is 1915-1916, showed a sur
plus of s243,00O.000, but this counted as
Evening star., 1915-12-26


eide OF the great religious re-
vival Of France, which is happening
without noise or astonishment.
The cathedrals.
You know how German cannonn have
wrecked the cathedrals of Rheims. Ar
yas. Soissons. ScnIis and Laon.
Wen. there is more TO it. There are
other cIthedrais-
Everywhere. the French are focking
back to theif old churches. which. only
four years ago. were so corr p1ratively
neglected that Maurice BaTes could
write his BOO: The Great l1ty OF the
churches OF France" And the cathe-
d.als. stately with ceremony and
gard with music. again receive the
.ntire populations for which tney were
bGiit Not since Napoleon did 100000
overflow Notre Dame de Paris into the
flrVis. ~ during the &c deum for the
victory OF the Nfarne. which marked
t!t> 5cyiahine Of the wave.
Evening star., 1915-12-26
Special Correspondence of The Star.

PARlS. December 10, 1873.
the last Sunday of the year
Americans of good will may
like to see picturesque
eide OF the great religious re-
Evening star., 1915-12-26
\AIONDERFUL Buildings
w Have Been Put Into upo Rebuild Works According
SubjTh Ruins Rheims Sosons Se and Laon

as have been told, enlarged and en-
bellished to it's present magnificence,
+ the work being finished in 1860.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-10-18
HERRIN SIGNS WITHHELLo's

Phone company at Herrin has sign
ed agreement with hello girls union
organized as Local 702 of Interna-
tional Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers, according to bulletin Illinois
Federation of Labor. Wage raise of
10 per cent, 8-hour day and methods
for handling shop conditions through
recognized grievance committee are
points gained. A Is per cent wage
raise for all inemen and assistants
was also gained. The central labor
body at Herrin has boen much on
the job lately.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-10-18
ELEVATOR BOY AND FORMER
ONE HELD IN MURDER

Roy Atkinson, elevator boy in
Buckley apartments, and Pat Mortar
ty, former elevator boy there, have
been booked at the Lake street sta
ton in connection with the murder
of Harry Phillips in his room in the
apartments. ,-.....
At the same time States Atty
Hoyne's Office is investigating to see
if Phillips was not murdered by the
police to "quiet squealer," as Police
Lieut.. Becker murdered Rosenthal in
New York. Hoyne has an affidavit
from Phillips saying he paid money
to the police and that they were after
him. At least a part of Phillips tale
to the states attorney has been prov
en- true Harry Hoffman, 1856 Mad
ison, admits he got 5000 from Phillips
to stop prosecution in a case against
Phillips.
The theory of the police is that Mo-
riarty killed Phillips when detected in
robbing the jewelers. room or else
he killed him because of woman.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-10-18

NSSINSi@ DSGILS III U
TING READY FOR COUNCIL
Special police committee of coun-
Gil is taking last minute action before
the city council meeting Tuesday
night. Aid. Lynch appointed five
members as subcommittee to go
through testimony taken by the po-
lice committee in passing resolutions.
The committee of five will make fur
Their recommendation and then the
revised action and resolutions will be
presented to council.
One of the big points of the police
probing body is to get at some deci-
sion as to what will be done when
similar strike trouble to the garment
strike, turns up in the future.
This mornings meeting of the gar
ment workers, the fourth Monday
morning meeting since the strike be-
gan, was full of enthusiasm. The
strikers got together at midnight,
held three hours of meeting and en-
tertainment and then spread into
groups and sang songs. Victory in
the strike was the byword.'
At o'clock strikers went on the
picket lines. At the Kuppenheimer
model shop and Meyer & Co. several
strikers who returned to work last
week because they believed reports
that a, great many of the workers
were going back came out on strike
again today. At the Scotch Wooden
Mills Is who went back are on strike
again.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-10-18

The oldest living things in world
are the giant sequoia trees of our Pa
cific coast. Naturalists have found
70 specimens more than 1000 years
old, according to their rings, three
more than 5000 years and one that
was $3.50.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-10-18
DEAL FOR INDUSTRIOUS LOAN
FOR ITALIAN GOVT ON
AIn,.. NnrLL nnA 10 nIonnI-- foI

New York, Oct. 18.-Closely fol-
lowing successful floating of allied
loan, announcement was made today
of $25,000,000 loan for Italian gov
eminent, to be raised in this country.
Lee Higginson & Co., bankers of New
York and Boston and fiscal agent for,
Italy in America, is forming syndi-
cate to distribute Italian notes. i
AS in big Anglo-French loan, mo-
ney secured by Italian credit will re-
main in this country for purchase of
supplies. One-year notes, bearing 6
per cent and in S100, $500 and 81 900
denominations, will be issued by the
new syndicate.