davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-05
Soft beds In Culcbra,

"In Contractors lIll a heavy brec-
cia member of the tulcbra beds dips
In the direction Of the cut. II Is no
lieved that the soft tulcbra beds Will
be encountered below the hrcccias. II
these beds are found to have strong
northeast"riN dips that Is, II they are
inclined in the direction al the cut, az
the surface Indications suggest it will
be necessary to make comparatively
low slopes on the southwest eide of the
cana, AT Contractors I'm in order IL
avoid any possibility of landsl'des.
This is IN" only point along the cana!
where such movements are rs MI pns-
slhlc, In my opinion. the danger is NOT
serious, hut ordinary prudence requires
that II the soft Culebra beds are found
beneath the breccias TO dip AZ angles
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-05
Complete closure of the canal. Waves that are moving down shown at "A"

of more than - degrees N the direc-
ton pf the cut the angle of slope be so
reduced rs To do away with all danger
of 81 clipping.
Between Gold I'M and Cucaracha,
on the northeast side Of the cut. land
slides have taken place frequently in
the rainy season. The materials in
VOWED In these slides are purely super
fetal, in some cases french spoil
banks have slipped. The cause In all
cases Gems to hc the saturat!on of
the uuconsul!da,cd surface material
and It's movement "u layers OF slippery
Clays either in the tulebra beds or
residual Clays upon which spoil was
dumped
"TAe basin south and east of Gold
Hil collects large quantities Of water
duriug the rainy season, and this es-
cape> through no we'll defined drain
age, but in springs along the edge OF
the cut. In some cases surface sOTs
or even the rock Of the culebra rur-
nation may take place in these land
slips. They are not serious, however.
and although they may continue in a
minor degree for n number of years.
& tHe EtIlbN III VI t1lo u ~
reaches the edge of the Gu n the
gradual reduction Of the slopes back
of the cut will stop this rouble The
French attempted an elaborate system
nf drainage to overcome the d.ificulty'
but tins has beer proved entirely in
adeqllte. and It is Improbable hat
any system Of this sort would be prac-
teal or economical
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-05
lDredGinx Best Means.

The available dredging fleet WAS
capable nf handling larger Quantities
Of material than this number OF steam
shove!s; the dredgeS could work tweu-
ty-four hours per day. while the SHOW
els could work not 10 exceed twelve
hours. There would be no tracks to
maintain. for he waterway itself fur
nishcd the transportation route, and
there could be no trouble at the dumps.
which would be various indentations
in the lake. All indications pointed TO
dredging as the best means of remov-
ing the balance Of the slide.
Another factor was taken into con-
sideration. IT was the belief that tho
effect of the water would tend to re-
tard the sides. through the counter
acting effect of the weight Of the vol
uIne of water, and this belief seemed
justified from the experience gained
with the slide below Gatun locks. On
the other hand, the geologist held tho
opinion that the water might to some
extent develop the slides; If this were
TO be the case, then the sooner this
fact were developed the better. Mr.,
MacDonald's views are expressed in
his report Incorporated in the annual
report OF the lsthmian Canal Com
mission OF 1912. as follows;
THE turning Of the water into the
canal will remedy the slides in SO far as
It viii provide cheaper methods OF ex-
cavation and removal OF them by
dredging, The counte' balancing Of
feet OF the water against the slopes OF
the canal will be very small so far an
the slides are concerned, for the fol-
lowing reasons: The maximum depth
OF water in Culcbra cut will be forty
iive feet and the height of the slopes
where sliding might occur is from sew
enty-live To 800 feet. The sliding ma
terial has an average specific gravity
Of about %. hence A. feet Of water
will balance about eighteen feet o!
slide If the pressurcs We're evenly
distributed.
considering the more or less
wedged shaped fronts ana the bach
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-05

they became so troublesome that In the
latter part of 1910. at the suggestion
of DR.. G. w. Hayes, chief Eeologist
Of the Geological Survey. who exam
ined he various localities on the sth-
mus where movements had occurred
or were ia progress, "A geolog!st rec
commended by him as having had the
necessary experience for such work
was employed to assist In the exca-
walton. 1t seemed possible that through
this expert advice some of the move.
ments at least might be avoided.
Al Work Three Years.
Donald r, Macdonald. the geol-
ogist ~ employed. was connected with
he work for nearly three years. made
"A careful study of the formations and
materials az the excavation progressed
and was helpful with his advice and
suggestions. He was convinced from
a study Of the situation that our diff
ticu.t.es at Cucaracha Were at an end
and that while some of the clay on
the upper levels III ght 10Y into
the cut. the amount would be 80 small
relatively that 1t could be handed
easily end without material inter.
ercnce with the other operations,
for the dixie which had been uncov.
cred would hold.
. Unfortunately these expectations
We're o realized, When the rock
mass forming God Hill. AT the orisi-
nal continental divide. was pushed up
through the formation existing NJ the
time It's molten mass overfiowed the
adjacent beds so that 1t has the shape
OF a mushroom. The movement at
Cucaracha had pulled out the support
of part OF the overflow. which 10 some
extent. scanned and unsupported, broke
off, causing a rock slide south of the
hill IN the middle of January. 1913.
This was followed on January 20 by
a typical ''brcak" at Cucaracha. 10y
which the rock bluff which was hold-
Ing back tho upper mass Of clay broke
at or below the bottom level of the
canal. completely filing the prism
with clay and rock, reaching to sixty
nine feet above sea level on the oppo-
site or west side Of the cut,
The length of the prism so filled was
1000 feet. Steam shovels were scarcely
able to keep pace with the movement,
tracks We're covered and d~isarranged,
shovels overturned and the difficulties
of transportation increased. since only
tail tracks sufficient for two or three
cars could be maintained. Further
more. the soft material Increased the
difficulties on the dumps. As the
movement continued the clay broke
further and further up the hillside.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-05

There was still II large quantity OF
material near the tops of the hills
forming the basin from which the ina
ter!al was moving; there was a sluic-
ing plant that had done the work for
which 1t was originally purchased.
the configuration of the ground on the
reverse side of the hills lent itself ad-
mirably to sluicing operations; and
this method of removing the upper
portions was adopted. Upward Of
l ,0O0,0 900 cubic yards, which In all
probability would have moved down
into The prism. were removed by
sluicing al IA cost of 20 cents a cubic
yard.
In the meantime the remainder III
the cut was nearing completion
ready for the admission of the water
and the question of continuing the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-05
Contractors mn Weak.

So fnr then "a the g~eologist could
forcsee. difficulties north of Gold Hin
were improbable, and il any occurred
they could he easily overcome and pre-
vented by suitably sloping back the
sides Of the excavation. The weak
place along the line. the locality to ex-
pect landsl!des. was on the, southwest
side OF the canal AZ Contractors Hill.
provided the beds below the breccias
dipped at greater angles than Is de-
grees. This locality was carefully
watched. hut the slides that occurred
there were small and cause but little
trouble.
The geo'ogist's report gives correctly
the conditions ut CuCaraCha as he
found them. but the predictions In
other respects regarding II We're not
realized, for. except the breaks that
now close the canal, Il was the most
difficult OF all the slides to handle.
AZ described, it was a typical slide of
c.ass two, and continued 80. giving
more or less serious trouble until a
rock dixie Vas uncovered In 1910,
This dixie seemed 10 possess ample
strength 10 ho.d back the great mass
of clay remaining on the levels BOY
IL, and the movement that continued
after tive ro k mass was uncovere1
was well defined, flowing on either
side of Il, after motion ceased the
heavy rains washed down clay from
! above, but this caused no particular
trouble. In this vicinity the clny
movement rcsembled that Of "A glacier
and IN the fall of 1907 So effectual y
blocked the prism that steam shovcls
could make no Roadway and our
was had 10 s.dicing "A passage through
R for the tracks. Subsequent movement.
interrupted tran Sioitati0n, hut the
troubles gradually lessened unit. the
dry teasou ~ 1901, when they
ceased entirely,
The difficulties encountered else
where because OF slides increased ant
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-07-29

the weakness and bitterness re-
sulting from the Waugh-Castle
mud-slingging. He can be cleo
ted and will make a Common
wealth Attorney who will uphold
the law and treat the public fair
and square. His nomination
looks like the best way out Of an
ugly muddle brought on by men
who should have known better.
Sullivan has not held office;
each of his opponents have, and
for many years. Give Sullivan
a chance he can win in November
and serve you with credit. 1t is
now time for democrats to stop,
and kink. There is danger of
losing the district.
Adv, A DEMOCRAT.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-07-29

couniry i plain to choose thei man
who.e qualifications are well estab-
lisGed and rot the subject of guess
work. john Waugh's abilities as a
public prosecutor are the subject of
remark far beyond this district. He
is regarded as power at the bar.
Where is the logic for exchanging
an official like that for one whose
abilities in that particular capacity
are wholly untried? We must al
ways look to the public good; we
must vote for the public good, and
not to make experiments with bust
ness that deeply concerns the pub
lie welfare. You can not be good
citizen and vote on any other basis.
adv OTTOMAN.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-07-29
Natural Bridge
EXCURSION
JULY 81, 1915

The 0. & X. Railway will
run an excursion from Lick
ing River to Natural Bridge
and return Sunday, July 81.
Rate for adults from all O.
& X. stations, $1.50, and for
children 5 to IL, 80 cents.
Train leaves Licking River
at S:25 a. m. and Index at
1886. Return on regular
train arriving at Licking
River about $3.50 p. m.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-07-29
Family Reunion.

All of of j. w. Perry's child
rem met at his home at Yocum,
Sunday July Is for a family re-
union, Those present were Mes
danes R. M. and w. G. Oakley,
w. w. Mcclure, of this place,
Mrs. Elmer Sweatnam, of Mich
olasville and Joe Perry, of Ban
gor.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-07-29
Ottoman Writes again.

We note the plea of one candidate
for Commonwealth Attorney, in the
COURIER of last week, that he needs
the emoluments of The Office. This
fits beautifully into The scheme of
office-aeeking which We discussed in
our letter last published. II a lawyer
has made such q failure OF his own
business although enjoying good
health, that lac is in need of help, it
does moi occ,r 10 u that this fact of
of itself, is a very appealing argu-
ment to the people that they should
entrust. tine business OF the State to
him. Why should candidate be
tabooed by the voters because he has
made success OF his own business
and is not hard up? Mr.. Waugh ap-
peals to the people for their support
on the grounds that he has made
success of the same business he seeks
to continue, and we think the logic
of the Argument is sound. Another
trick to get votes is the cry that Law
renee county has not had the office
for years. What does itprofit Nor
gan county voter for Lawrence
county man to get an office? "Oh" (,
they expect to get the office? What
should we care which county the
officer happens to live IL, go he is
efficient, experienced, able, honest,
and an effective official? There we
hear the old cry, Somebody else's
timel' Shall we ever learn that
offices are not personal property OF
which any man has claim. The ex
perience of the whole land proves thai
the ablest officials and the officials
whodo most good for their constitu
ents are the officers who are best equip
ped to discharge the duties required
This same idea obtains with refer
encs to our public schools. The in
dividual applicant, his kinship, hi
social relations, his personal interest
are placed far above his fitness as
teacher. In fact, the qualification
of applicants for schools and office
are almost entirely overshadowed b,
the personal pull of the applicant
The result can only be unfavorabl
TO the public service and deterimenta
to the general good OF the community
1t is wrong and the people ought t.
quit it. The public veal is superio
to any mans personal claims. Whel
you know an applicant for publ
office is able and efficient and you can
at best, only guess the other appli
cant is so, then your duty to you
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-07-29
Waugh-Castle Cat fight.

Good democrats deplore the low
level to which Waugh and Castle
are dragging their scrimmage for
the nomination for Common
wealth Attorney. tits now more
more like a cat fight than a con-
Test between men of broad minds,
such as should be nominated for
such an office. Waugh, in his
letter accuses Castle Of rotating
from the democratic and repub-
iican parties in turn for the last
forty years. That he was
buried in effegy for boiling good
Democrats for office, and when
ne can't get it from them he begs
republicans, In his letter he says
that Castle is a traitor" to his
party. Castle says that Waugh
resorts to foul and unfair, false
and iniquitous methods which
wholly disqualify him from hold.
ing such an honorable office,
That Waugh's statements are
deliberate falsehoods" false
and maliscious''- That Waugh'c
letter is the wall of a drowning
man" and betokens weakness
etc.
The fact is the letters of boil
betoken weakness Of the sorries
type. This mud singing has
reached the point where il look!
like thinking democrats had bet
ter drop men of such weakness
and look for a more favorabl,
candidate.
Henry C. Sullivan is a man il
middle life, a good capable maj
for Commonwealth Attorney. |
nominated he will be free iron
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-07-29
WHERE DO YOU STAND?

If the local option law is bad enough
to enlist the support Of the liquor men it is
not good enough for Temperance people,.
The liquor people are supporting Stanley
and McDermott The churches, minis
tiers and the real temperance people are
supporting McChesney. Which side are
YOU on? It's either FOR or against liquor.
Supporting liquor men is supporting liquor
(Adv)
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-07-29

After taking DR.. Miles Laxative
Tablets children ask for more candy
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-07-29

The lifetime office holding class
of office holders is a menace to a
free county like ours.
w. d. O'NEAL.
Milford chronicle., 1915-12-24

Erasmus E. Joseph, of the Rehoboth
Beach Coast Guard Station, has been
placed on the retired list and George
Z. Keen. of Ocean View, has been ap-
pointed to fill the vacancy.
Frank Johnson, of this place, has
been appointed constable for Lewes
and RehOboth hundred
On the charge of stealing a rain
coat from Conductor Hall Mifflin, of
the p. B. & w. railroad, Burton John
son, colored, of Indian River Hundred
was arraigned before Justice of the
Peace N. B. Register and sent to the
county Jail to await a hearing.
Town Council has given permit to
George H. Orton and William c. Lof-
land to use all the material they want
from the sand hill here at the rate Of
two cents a ton.
Richard Reynolds has moved from
the Mark Lodge Farm to the William
Cottingham farm in Pilot Town. Del
mar LodgeA who has been living on
the Dr. Prettyman farm, will move to
the old home place, and John Mitchell,
son of l. A. Mitchell, will move to the
DR.. Prettyman farm.
Milford chronicle., 1915-12-24
JUST THE RIGHT PRESENT.

Don't take chances in the matter of
Christmas presents. You don't want
yours, like so many others. to be re-
ceived with Indifference or worse, and
ten days after Christmas to be cast
aside and forgotten.
You take no such chance in giving
The Youths Companion for a year.
Did you ever know of home in which
it came amiss, or of one in which it was
not conspicuous on the library table or in
some ones hands all through the year ?
1t is worth while to maka a gift of
that sort, and it is worth while to re-
ceiVe it, too, for The Companion illus
trates the best traits in American life
in its stories and sketches, upholds the
best standards in its articles and other
contributions, and combines the practi-
cal and informing with the entertaining
and blood-stirring.
If you do not know The Companion as
it is to-day, let US send you one or two
current issues free, that you may thor
oughly test the papers quality. We will
send also the Forecast for 1916.
Every new subscriber who sends 50 90
for the fifty-two weekly issues of 1916
will receive free al the issues for the
rest of 1915 and The Companion Home
yaldendar for 1915.
THE YOUTHS COMPANION.
Bostdn, Mass.
Milford chronicle., 1915-12-24
HICKMAN.

L. II. Thomas was in Dover two days
last week attending the annual meeting
of the State Grange.
Mrs Edward Brown and Mr.. and Mrs.
John Passwaters spent the first of the
week in Baltimore.
Miss Ina Hughes, of Philadelphia, is
visiting her parents during the Christmas
holidays.
Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer Harrington spent
/ the first part of the week III Baltimore.
/ Mrs. Edward Brown, Misses Grace
/ Adams, Pauline Wooters, of Hickman.
Virginia LYONS and Clinton Bennett, of
/ Greenwood and Rev NJ. w. Marine
were guests of Mr.. and Mrs. L. H.
Thomas on Sunday,
The Epworth League of Hickman n.
E. Church held the monthly business
meeting on Thursday evening last at the
church
James Robinson, of Philadelphia, spent
last week with relatives in and near Hick-
man
The Epworth League Of Hickman NJ.
+. Church will hold Parcel Post" sale
and Shadow Social on Friday evening,
Dec 3lst in Fountain Hall. Ice cream
and cake on sale. If Friday night is
stormy the affair will be held Saturday
night.
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Stevens ard Miss
Florence Noble spent part of this week
in Baltimore
On Monday night, Dec. q, the Christ
mas exercises will be he'd in Hickman
NJ + Church.
Miss Mildred Short spent the week end
with her parents in Hillsboro, Md.
Edgar Breeding was Baltimore visitor
this week.
Mr. and Mrs James Morgan spent last
Sunday with Mr. and Mrs. W. Bullock,
Mr.. and Mrs. W. Croll and daughter,
Blanche. and Miss Florence Morgan spent
Sunday with Mr. and Mrs. August Croll.
Milford chronicle., 1915-12-24
WILLIAMsvILLE.

This evening. December oath, at s
o'clock, the Williamsville public
school will hold its annual Christmas
entertainment, and aside from the us
ual pleasing program there will be
ice cream, cake and candy and as the
proceeds are for the benefit of the
school, it is hoped that the public will
be generous in its patronage
Rural Schools Should Have JanitOrs.
1t is unfair to a teacher in the rural
schools, to expect them to teach and
to be the janitor at the one and the
same time. The work of shoveling
coal, ashes and chopping wood, is no
part of a teachers duties. Janitors
can be hired for considerably less than
teachers, or should be so hired and it
is the part of wisdom and fairness to
employ some energetic boy or some
needy person nearby the school to at
tend to the starting up of the coal
fires and the cleaning out of the ash
pits. Even the sweeping should be
done in the evening after the children
have left the school, and the man or
women who opposes this, is certainly
both ignorant as to the best interest
of the children as well as acting mean
towards a teacher who is trying to
instruct the children and teach them
what he or she is hired to do-teach a
school and instruct the pupils in good
manners as well as good morals.
Williamsville should get another step
forward and put this practice into ef-
feet. Try it, even if few of the men
and women of the district will howl
over the expending of a few dollars
during the school year; they will howl
it is 6one-or if it is not
They know no better, and the balance
of the people will have to force bet
ter things upon them and pay no at
tention to their kicking.
Milford chronicle., 1915-12-24
GREENWOOD.

The members of the Methodist Pro
testant Church will hold a White
Christmas entertainment this evening
The children of the church will be Civ
en- their treat at that time and the
older people will be given an Opportu-
| ity to exchange their gifts.
The people of Greenwood are alive
with the Christmas spirit and are now
anxiously awaiting "Old Kris"
Miss Julia Lynch is improving slow
ly after a short illness.
Oscar Parker, of Milton, visited his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. c. w. Parker on
Monday.
Mrs. James Davis, who has been i'll
for some time past, is now at the home
of her sister, Mrs. William Reynolds,
it being deemed best that she should
be with someone.
Mrs. John Hamilton, of New Haven,
Connecticut, is spending the holidays
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. James
Rogers.
The wedding of Miss Grace Ham
mond and Elmer Andrews was sol
emnized last week.
Mr. and Mrs. Fred Collins will move
to New Haven, Conn, the first of the
year.
Mrs. Leona Ratledge is ill with ton
solitis.
Earl Adams and Miss Pennypacker,
of near Adams Cross Roads, were mar
ried last week.
The Misses Elsie and Jessie Wiley
are spending their vacation with Phil
adelphia relatives and friends.
Robert Stewart and Miss Margaret
Brady, of near Blanchard's Station.
were married last week.
The family of James McFarlane, all
of whom have been suffering with
colds and pneumonia, are recovering.
Mrs. H. E. Lynch, who has been at
the bedside of her sick father for the
past two weeks. has returned home
Mrs. Alice Wiley is spending the
Christmas holidays with her daugh-
ter in Pittsburg. When she returns
she will occupy her. new home.
Mrs Mabel Deshields and little son,
of Princess Anne, Md, visit
ed at the home of A. M. Jones last
week.
The new home of Samuel Graham
Is being painted inside.
T. p Rust was a Baltimore visitor
last week.
George Tucker has moved his fam
ily to Owens Station.