Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-03
ALLIES MIGHTY FLEET
FAILING AT DARDANELLES
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Continued from rnge One
feoted types. Even were a ship able to
elude the first line Of mines the chances
that she could pass the real mine de-
fenses that follows are so innnltesimally
| small as not to be cAlculable.
AT the very moment when the world
at large believed the Turkish army weak
| est, because OF the reverses OF the two
| Balkan wars, II has come forward sud
denly with a degree of strength and re-
| sistance never attained In the past. This
Ia due to two things in stilled into It by
| the young Turkish generation OF today
national unity and sentiment for national
| existence.
Broadly speaking. the Turkish army of
today is, for the hrst time, really
| Turkish army. and is, for the very first
time. Turkish army fighting for the
existence Of n Turkish Empire that means
| 'Fntherland' to every individual soldier.
"These. principally, are the reasons why
| the English and the French, trying to
force their way into the one city which
| more than anything else symbolizes to
| the Turkish mind the greatness, glory
and even the very existence Of the Otto
man Empire, have found themselves fac
Ing an insurmountable barrier Of fire
| and STEEL
had been received by his Exeelleney at
the private apartment he occupies in
| ConstAntlnople during the alternate pc
riods which he passes here between his
duties as military aid to the Sultan ana
chief commander OF the firBt Turkish
army Surrounded not only by the ofhcers
of his immediate personal stan, but also
by a number of pedigrsed cats and a
kennel Of thoroughbred dogs, he managed
during the few hours of rcpose granted
him each evening to enjoy little OF the
atmosphere of home" and domesticlty.
He had received me attlred in civilian cos
tune, such as any American business man
might wear.
TT would be a mistake now to refer 10
me as the father OF the modern Turkish
army" protested Field Marshal Won der
Goltz "'The Turkish army organization
which is now surprising the entire world
dates only from the Balkan Wars and is
entirely a creation of the Turks them
selves. Paradoxical as 1t may seem, the
disasters of the two Balkan Wars have
proved for the Turks their greatest
source of strength. Probably to them
alone they owe their present salvation.
Until the Balkan wars II had been
necessary at all times TO keep the flower
OF the Turkish army stationed constantly
in Macedonia and Albania. because OF the
menace OF uprisings by the Bulgarian,
servian. Greek, Albanian and other racial
elements OF the population. For the irst
time in its history the Turkish Govern
small area OF territory its entire military
strength for the defense of It's capital and
the Ottoman Empire. There Is no fear OF
internal uprisings or OF dlssensions in
the ranks
Formerly when the Turkish army in
cluded large continsents OF the various
racial elements Of Macedonia there was
a lack OF unity and OF loyalty that con-
stituted one OF It's greatest weaknesses
This too. was swept away by the Balkan
wars The Turkish soldier fighting in the
ranks today feels everywhere about him
the spirit OF unity the patriotism and the
inspiration which comes from undivided
contact with men of his own race and re-
ligion He nights with all his old-time
bravery valor and zeal
THE interval between the close OF the
last Balkan war and the beginning OF the
present struggle was TOO brief TO permit
anything but the laying OF the founda-
tons OF this reorganization OF the Turk
ish army but the effectiveness of that
has been accomplished already has been
demonstrated
Turkey for instance planned that in
stead OF being dependent on foreign
sources for her munitions OF war she
would produce munitions herself.
To-day she ia turning out all the war
materials she is using In her successful
resistance. True. the amount Is not all
she needs, and with greater supplies she
could make a greater showing, Never
theIess her output is ample for main
talning a successful resistance 10 every
attack that can be directed against her
for an indefinite period.
''Incidentslly the entire world has de-
celved itself badly In guessing the numer
ical strength 0l the modern Turkish army.
Al the present moment there are no less
than a million and a quarter OF man un-
der arms, trained. equipped ana onicared
As no Turkish army has been IN the past
| This milton and a quarter does not by
| any means exhaust the resources o. the
empire. and. man for man. the Turkish
soldier Is IS good aa the Enaliah or
I French His environment has made this
/ true. The EnEiishman Or Frenehmah Is
I accustomed 10 various needs that accom-
/ pany a highly civilized lfe. and Is lsss
eHectlve Ia trench life. where he nnds
then lacking The Turk has never known
these needs and the lack Of them ahsets
him 90 no way.
These things explain the confidence
/ YOU see on every nand- This confidence
| is 81 the highest importance from another
point 81 view When the war 8 ended.
/ Il Wii prcya a most efiective element ln
the new ne which will be taken On by
the rt4eneratsd Young Turkey 81 todar
"a regeneration Whieh began Uith fha
cIoas of the second aaikan War aaa
which. Increased By the success 81 tha
present war N|u firmly establish the
#HH.Ian HnusHa ln" aH 4InIa ~ aat-.. 81.