davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
ONE BANE OF RAILROAD MEN
"Hot Boxes" Ave Easily Avoidable-
Show Rank CareIessness of Car
Department Employees.

Serious delays and accidents to
trains are often due to overheated
bearings or, as they are known in rail-
road parlance, 'hot boxes"
A "hot box" is the result of rank
carelessness on the part of employees
in not keeping a good vigil for the
condition of the car wheels, or rather
the care of the journals of the trucks
under the car where the hot box"
is found A hot box" is sign that
the safety first rule is not practiced
by some car department men
There is no excuse for a "hot box"
after car is sent out if the train is
carefully looked over at each terminal.
Primarily, hot box" is caused by
poor waste and an insufficient "greas-
ing at the time it should have been
done and there is no excuse for one. A
"hot box" is liable to cause wreck,
and a wreck on most railroads costs
money, much more than the price of
sufficient quantity of waste and oil
and grease to protect the journals, of
the car wheels.
The farmer who buys a new buggy
has a pretty good idea of what a hot
boz means, and the ways to prevent
it. He sees to it that the spindle is
well creased so it will not get hot.
He watches it closely, and does not
take any chances on the wheels run
ming hot If they did the wheels would
stick, and if the farmer persisted in
driving ahead, he would soon have a
bad spindle and a bad wheel
However, the results would not be
SO disastrous as they would be in a
train of cars running at a speed of
fifteen or twenty miles an hour. It's
no wonder that trainmen use language
unfit for Sunday school class when
they find "hot box" in their train.
They know that someone has been
careless and Sinking in his work, and
that is to blame. ....
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Economy in Small Things.

An engineer who is careless in
starting and stopping may easily
break the air hose in time, and the
cost of that equals hauling ton of
freight 225 miles. A broken draw
bar knuckle equals hauling one ton
of freight 300 miles, and fireman's
lost shovel means hauling ton 80
miles to pay for it.
The economy bug is carried into
every department of the road, and
track walkers, switchmen, yardmas-
tiers and shop workers are brought
under the new system. Trackmen
and switchmen are warned that Ian
terms must be handled with greater
care. A white lantern globe equals
in cost the hauling of ton of freight
20 miles; a red lantern globe, rs
miles, and complete lantern, 100
miles. Even pound of waste for
wiping engines and switch locks is
worth ten and a half miles of freight
haulage.-Illustrated Sunday Maya
zine.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02

Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of AgricultureD
The more alfalfa fields there are, the
greater will be the plague of grasshop-
pers unless measures are adopted TO
control the pest. The grasshopper, of
course, was known in America long
before alfalfa, but as the country be-
comes more settled and the waste
lands and uncultivated fields in which
khe insect breeds grow fewer, the pest
crowds in greater and greater num-
bers into the places that are left it.
Since an alfalfa field affords almost
IDEAL conditions for breeding, to plant
alfalfa is to invite all the grasshoppers
In the vicinity to come and be merry
at your expense.
In order to breed freely, grasshop-
pers require two conditions; first, an
undisturbed soil to hatch their eggs,
and second, food supply for their
young. The margins of roads and
fences, ditch banks, in fact any waste
land, will do to hatch the eggs, but
with alfalfa err grain at hand for the
eating, the young will not stay long in
their birthplace. Grasshoppers, it is
true, have many naturafehemie4which
will be attracted by the abundance of
their prey and thus ultimately afford
the farmer some relief. By that time,
however, the alfalfa crop is likely to
have suffered irreparable damage.
Perhaps the simplest way of fighting
the pest, when this is practical, is to
destroy the eggs. These are deposited
in masses in the late summer and fall
inclosed in kidney shaped pods, il soil
which the grasshopper prefers mod
erately compact and rather damp, but
not actually wet. The young hatch in
spring, reach maturity in the summer
and die when they in their turn have
deposited their eggs. There is only
one generation each year. Throughout
the late fall and winter, therefore, the
farmer has an opportunity to rid him
self of the pest by destroying the
eggs. Flowing, narrowing, disking Of
eultivating to a depth of two inches
will do this.
Where the nature of the ground Of
other circumstances make this i'm
practicable, specialists in the depart
ment of agriculture recommend the
use of poison bait. Resort must be
had to the bait early, however, and al
waste and uncuitivated land gone
over thoroughly before the young in
sects have .evoloped sufficiently t.
move about freely. and feast on thu
growing crops. For, as has already
been said, though the grasshopper'
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Extracting Tar From Gas.

Electricity is being employed with
success at Detroit coke oven for the
purpose of removing tar from artifi-
cial gas in the purifying process. The
gas is passed through highly ionized
field, which is produced by high
tension discharge of current ranging
as high as $4,000 volts, with the result
that the tar forms in large drops,
which are then easily separated.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
AVOIDING THE STRAIN
FRICTION TRANSMISSION FOR
SMALL LOCOMOTIVE.
Machine That Is Said to Make for
Economy in Operation of Railroad
Can Haul Load of TWen-
ty Tons.

Friction transmission is employed
on a small four-wheel-drive gasoline
locomotive which is being construct
ed for industrial purposes such as
clay working. A fiber wheel operates
in contact with a friction disk, carry
ing the power by chain to a jack
shaft from which it is directed to the
front and rear axles. There is flex-
ible connection between the friction
shaft and the engine which relieves
the strain upon the latter The ad-
vantage claimed for the transmission
system in this use is that when a
heavily loaded train is starting, suffi-
cient slippage may be allowed until
the locomotive pulls out easily, thus
avoiding a heavy strain upon gears
and shafting in starting. The locomo-
tive has a drawbar pull of about 800
pounds when travelling five miles an
hour, which means that ii can haul a
20-ton load at that speed on level
grade-Popular Mechanics.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02

and the juice of the fruit squeezed into
it, then the skin aud pulp are chopped
up finely and added to the molasses
mixture, which is further diluted by
the addition Of two gallons of water.
This is then mixed with the bran and
paris green and enough water added
to make the whole stiff dough. This
amount of poison is sufficient to treat
from five to ten acres. 1t must be re-
membered, however, that the fruit is
the most important ingredient.
In applying the poison it should be
sown broadcast in strips one rod apart
before sunrise in the morning. Broad
casting does away with the risk of poi
soning stock, poultry or birds and if
care is exercised in this respect there
need be no fear of loss. On Vermont
farm, for example, several hundred
acres of pasture, which were very bad
ly infested with grasshoppers, were
treated in this way, and although more
than one hundred valuable pure-bred
Jersey heifers were grazing on the
land throughout the process, no in
stance Of poisoning occurred. On the
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
The Parasol Veil.

Another novelty of note is the So
called parasol veil. This is huge
circular veil thrown over the hat so
that it falls in equal ripples on all
sides. A border of ribbon combined
with velvet dots renders this creation
a striking one.
Still another new idea is featured in
a fancy mesh yelling with sand-col.
ored kid flower applied, so that it
would appear over the mouth when
the yelling is adjusted. This style is
strongly suggestive of the old time
vanity veil.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02

other hand, where the bait is scattered
in piles or punches, there may be seri'
Gus consequences.
Another method of destroying the in.
sects is the use of the hoppeldozer.
This consists primarily of a shallow
pan, usually made of sheet iron, with
back about one foot high and front
about two inches high. 1t is filled with
water covered with kerosene and
drawn over the field on runners that
can be made Of old wagon tires. The
grasshoppers disturbed by its approach
will either jump directly into the kero-
sane and water or against the back
of the hopperdozer, which throws them
into the poisonous mixture.
Where the conditions are such that
the fields can be quickly inundated
and the water promptly run off-as is
frequently done in rice fields-it is
possible to drown all the young grass
hoppers if the right moment is select
ed. AS soon as the young begin to run
about flooding does but little good, as
they easily climb to the upper part OF
vegetation beyond the reach of the
water. On the whole, the use of some
such poisoned bait as that already de-
scribed, will probably be found the
most satisfactory way to control the
pest. Fuller information in regard to
the matter is contained in the recent
20 Lz TT~.f I'D boz do
partment of agriculture's farmers
bulletin No. 637, "The Grasshopper
Problem and Alfalfa Culture"
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02

A LTHOUGH many of the new spring
"a blouses and dresses are made with
high collars, there are many of them
that show an open throat. Practical
ly every collar is high at the back and
sides, but at least half of them are
"V' shaped in front, or may be worn
either open or closed.
Two styles appear to be in the run
ming for first place for warm weather.
They are the collar Of lace or sheer
Embroidery like that shown in the
picture, or the high fitted collar Of net
or organdie which sets close about the
neck, worn with second collar which
finishes the bodice at the back and
sides and is wired to stand away from
the neck and to turn over.
There is almost no end to the num-
Der of designs in which these fancy
collars are made. Many of them have
cuffs to match and are suited to the
blouse or coat.
A narrow frilI of lace or net about
the throat attached to a band of vel
vet or satin ribbon is worn with waists
having round necks. This is becom-
ing to those with long and slender
figures who can wear the high closely
fitting collars also. But for the short
neck and full throat the "V'' shaped
opening at the front is altogether best.
1t lengthens the neck in appearance.
A very smart and new collar is made
of sheer organdie and is shaped to
Sit closely about the neck. At the top
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Fewer Killed on Railroad Tracks.

Statistics furnished by the Pennsyl-
vania railroad show that there has
been a marked decrease during the
last seven years in the number of per-
sons killed while trespassing on rail-
road property. In 1907 the number
was 572. During 1914 it was 301, the
lowest figure with the exception Of
that for 1912, when 255 trespassers
were killed. These figures are for
the system east of Pittsburgh only.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
SOMETHING BESIDES FEEDING
Good Breeding Methods, Exercise and
Proper Management Are Impor-
tant Essentials.

Success with hogs depends upon a
great many things besides feeding.
Good breeding methods, exercise and
proper management in every respect
are necessary. However, If the hog is
supplied with the proper amounts of
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water.
etc, and is kept free from parasites OF
all kinds, much will have been done
to make the handling of hogs in winter
profitable operation.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Beaver Fur Only for Young Women.

Beaver fur grows more and more
fashionable--and who would have
dreamed, year ago, of wearing
beaver again? The soft, dainty pelt
is used for collarettes and sleeve edg-
ings on frocks of pussy willow silk
and on tailored frocks of white cloth
Sometimes a broad band of beaver
borders ripple tunic, but, of course,
this lavish trimming is exceedingly
expensive. The older women should
fight rather shy Of beaver, however,
for its delicate fawn color is becom.
ing only to fresh, youthful complex
lens.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02

two straight lengths of the material,
with strong beading of narrow en-
broidery.
The ever-present lingerie ribbon is
threaded through the beading at the
waist and reappears in the edging at
the neck and sleeves. 1t is tied in
simple bows with long loops.
Except for the long felled seams at
the side, the work on a gown of this
kind is much more elegant if done by
hand. Even the panels of set-in EN-.
broidery that form the yoke will not
take great deal of time and are
more elegant than machine work.
JULIA BOTTOMLEY.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02

T HOSE undermuslins in which mar
u row crocheted edgings or tat
Itings are used with a little sheer en-
broidery are very effectively made up
after the same patterns as those in
which handmade cluny lace Is used.
All these trimmings are equally dura-
BILE and will outlast almost any Of the
sheer fabrics which are favored for
the body of these garments. If sewed
in by hand they will not be difficult
to transfer to a second term of serv-
ice in new material
In the night dress shown in the pic
lure very narrow handmade cluny
lace in an insertion and edging are
used with an embroidery insertion
about two inches wide. This insertion
Us a fine Swiss pattern having tiny
single blossoms scattered over the
sheerest of batiste.
Three strips of this embroidery set
together with the lace insertion form
the small yoke at the front, which is
made up of one short piece across the
front and one at each side, extending
to the shoulder seam. The yoke is
outlined with the insertion, which
serves to join it to the material of the
gown. The neck is finished with a
narrow edging Of cluny.
The short, gathered empire sleeves
are finished with band of embroid-
prv TONED to them by the cluny inser-
tion and edged with lace like that
about the neck.
The short empire waist of the gown
Ii set on to the skirt, which is simply
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Lemon Instead of Soap.

BY taking lemon and cutting it in
two and squeezing the juice into the
dishwater no soap is needed. The
lemon will cut all grease and in a
few days time the silver, such as
knives, forks and spoons, will become
bright as new. All dark spots will
also disappear from pitchers and
cups. Use the lemon over and over
again.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
FIRST ALL-STEEL CABOOSE
Eastern Railroad Has Done Away
With Wooden Car, So Long
Menace to Safety

The wooden cabOose attached to the
housing OF the crew has always been
a factor in railroad fatalities. In a
rear end collision it usually happens
that it is smashed to splinters and the
crew killed; often fire is started by
broken lamp or lantern and employees
who might otherwise escape serious
injury are burned to-death. Distressing
accidents on passenger trains stirred
a public sentiment which is forcing
the railroads to the abandonment Of
the wooden coach, but until quite re-
Gently nothing has been done to re-
move the same dangerous condition
on the freight train. A short time ago,
influenced, perhaps, by the nation
wide safety-frst movement, one Of
the great eastern railroads built the
first all-steel caboose. 1t is without
posts above the floor, the necessary
rigidity having been accomplished by
means of sheet steel bulkheads. The
car should be non-collapsible and fire.
proof Railroad work requires the
trainman to spend more of his life in
the caboose than the clerk spends in
an office or the mechanic in the shop.
He both eats and sleeps there, Con-
sequently it's equipment is to him a
matter of Importance. The new car is
furnished with improved types of
hunks, an improved stove for heating
and cooking, washstand, desk and
lockers for the crew, water cooler
and a refrigerator.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02

a narrow, wired flange Of organdie
stands out at right angles to the band,
concealing the throat and neck. 1t is
not particularly comfortable-looking
piece of neckwear, but will cover up
a multitude of defects, such as
wrinkles or sagging muscles.
JULIA 6OTTOMLEY.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Concrete Railroad Ties,

Railroad ties made of REINFORCED
concrete into which asbestos fibers
have been introduced, tried out on a
Bavarian railway, can be drilled and
hammered like wood, which they far
outlast
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Younuest Aviator.

BY looping the loop at Eastbourne
recently Mr.. ]. e. B. Thornley,, aged
seventeen, established record as the
youngest aviator in the world to ac-
complish upside-down flying.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Int.rsst computjno Machine.

An interest computing machine has
been invented by Hungarian. The
instrument is said to be compare
lively simple and inexpensive. It Is
about the size of a watch.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Atmosnhnrlc Electricity.

Using antennae mounted In pairs
on a wooden tower erected on hill,
a Spanish electrician has succeeded
in drawing electricity from the at
mosphere at pressure of 5000.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Production of Zinc.

The worlds production of zinc last
year, estimated at 1,109,359 tons, was
the greatest on record, according to
United States geological survey fig
ures.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02

may breed in places where,they can do
no harm, they will not spend their
lives there.
A cheap and effective bait is made
by mixing rs pounds of wheat bran,
one pound of paris green, two quarts
of cheap molasses or strip, and three
oranges or lemons. The bran and
paris green are first mixed together in
an ordinary washtub oil any other con-
venient receptacle. The molassos or
virup In placed In q senarate vessel
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Economical Costume.

A blouse Of lace with a separate
skirt will make costume appropriate
for many occasions.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-04-02
Replace Broken Latch

You'll save time by replacing that
broken latch on the gate with now
one.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1915-04-15
DR.. PUGH MAY RECOVER.
Judge Belden Denies All Motions Made
by Express Co. in Case Recently Tried

DR.. George A. Pugh may recover dam
ages in the amount of 5000 from the
keeping with the verdict recently rem
dered following the trial Of his suit
against the company in the Circuit
Court as this morning Judge Belden in
the Circuit Court handed down a de-
cision denying all of the motions of the
defendant company and ordering a
judgment in keeping with the verdict
Of the jury. In concluding the decision
Judge Belden says:
AS to the material questions of fact
determined by the verdict the evidence
is more or les in conflict or concerning
them reasonable minds might reach diff
ferent conclusions, or both. Under such
conditions the determination is concIus-
lively for the jury, there being no reason
for considering the verdict perverse.
Regarding no fact in dispute does the
evidence so weigh against the finding
of the jury as to warrant the court in
terfering Herewith
"The conclusions of the court are:
That a cause of action exists in
favor of the plaintiff as beneficiary;
"That no cause of action exists in IA
vor Of the estate of the deceased as
beneficiary;
"That the plaintiff has capacity to
maintain the instant action directly in
his own name without the intervention
of an administrator;
"That the court has jurisdiction of
the action;
"That defendant IS several motions
after verdict should be denied;
"That plaintiff is entitled to judy
ment on the verdict. y
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1915-04-15
WORK OF THE SUBMARINE
Undersea Supply Bases Perfectly
Feasible, According to an Amer
lean Builder.

Il do not know whether Germany
has submerged supply stations for
her submarine fleet, but such a
scheme is feasible" said Simon Lake,
the builder of submarines, in an in
terview.
con account of the success of Ger
manys undersea craft in their raids
on English commerce" he went on,
II long ago formed the opinion that
they had such stations, and from their
latest threat against British com
MERGE. l am more convinced than
ever that they have.
"The German submarine is practi-
cally lake boat, in that it is sup
piled with a diving compartment. It
is easy for man in a diving suit to
leave the submarine when it is sub
merged.
'The German submarine has the
Diesel engine, which uses crude oil.
1t is no great problem to have sub
merged tanks for crude oil. I long
ago perfected such tank myself As
regards supplies of food, that is a still
simpler problem. 1t is only matter
of packing food in water-tight pack
ages.
Supply stations along the English
coast would enable a German SUBJ
marine to continue its activities
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1915-04-15

bic odors from davoring the milk.
The feeding arrangements in this
barn and dairy stable are exceptions
ally convenient. Silage is loaded into
carriers in the silo feed room. and
the other roughage and grain feeds
come from the storage barn, both OF
which are convenient to the stable.
To increase the storage capacity suf-
ficiently to. provide abundance OF
roughage for both horses and COWS,
the hay NOW on one side of the barn
starts from the floor. In old-fashioned
barns this kind of a NOV is called a
bay.
There is stabling for six or seven
horses, and the space in front of the
horses is intended for storage of a
few vehicles. In fact. the large barn
has general-purpose floor that may
be utilized in good many different
ways. 1t is threshing floor once a
year.
The COW stable, however, is intend
ed for the production of large quanti-
ties of pure milk so that no other
business can be tolerated inside of
this modern dairy stable.
Outside of the main stable is q
corn crib So by 10 feet. The inside
and ends of the crib are made as
open to the atmosphere as possible
by using open work metal sides. 1t
is little cheaper to build crib in
this way, because there is saving in
material. There must be an air space
between the corn and the solid board
ing of the barn. This space may be
secured by placing the open metal
siding on Turing strips to hold the
corn away from the solid boarding Of
the barn.
The foundation of the corn crib is
concrete, which is the only satisfac-
tory material for the foundation OF
any farm building. There is no ob-
lection to working in stone where
stone is plentiful, but there should be
enough concrete to fill all the voids.
The only way to control rats and mice
on farm is to build concrete founda.