davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
SHORT LIFE OF BIG GUNS.
Every Time a Rifle Is Fired Some of
It's Bore is Worn Away.

The life of the gun, so far as its abb
solute destruction by bursting is con-
cerned, is practically unlimited, but
not so its accuracy life. Every time
gun is fired some of the interior sur
face of its bore and delicate rifing are
wiped away, and certain degree of
its accuracy is lost.
This Is true of the shoulder rifle,
with its bore so small that 1t would
not much more than admit lead pen
Gil, no less than Of the great sixteen
inch siege gun and the other grades Of
artillery pieces.
Fortunately for the infantryman, the
wear on the bore of the shoulder rifle
is much slower, as the wearing out of
the bore decreases rapidly with n de-
crease in the size of the bore Fro
sion, as 1t is called by the artillerymen,
is greatest In the large guns and least
in the 30 rifle.
The big guns which form the main
batteries of our warships and are en-
placed in our coast Notifications can
fire from $50 to $50 rounds dependent
upon the pressure and heat In the pow
der chamber) before they begin to lose
their accuracy.-Scientific American.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
ANCIENT TOOTHPICKS.
They Used to Be Made of Silver and
Were Worn In the Hat.

WGT9 VNOTU III Nnc E1dhs
The employment of toothpicks is very
ancient In Grote's History of Greece"
we find that Agathocles, among the
worst of Greeks" was poisoned by a
medicated quill handed to him for
cleaning his teeth after dinner.
Toothpicks were in common use in
the time of the Caesars. Martial tells
us those made of chip of mastic wood
Qentiscus) are the best, but that If you
run short of such timber quill will
serve your purpose, and he ridlcules an
old fop who was in the habit Of dig
ging away at his gums with his polish
ed lentiscus, though he had not tooth
left In his head
Toothpicks occur early of silver, but
pieces of wood or of feathers with a
red end as quilts in our day were most
usual The toothpick is the Anglo-Sax-
on tothgare The old name was pick
tooth. 1t was imported by travellers
from Italy and France, and the using
of 1t was long deemed an affected
mark of gentillty. 1t was worn as
trophy In the hat, and Sir Thomas
Overbury describes courtier, the pink
OF fashion, with a picktooth in his
hat"
Bishop Earle says of an idle gallant,
His picktooth bears a great part In
his discourse. London Telegraph.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
FEATS OF DIVERS.

Remarkable Endurance of the Pearl
Fishers of Torres.
The greatest depth recorded of work
done by diver in suit is 1S2 feet.
This depth was reached by the Spanish
diver, Angel Erostarbe, who recovered
$4,000 in silver ingots from the wreck
of the steamship Skyro off Cape FINS
terre. The sponge divers of the Medl-
terranean work at a maximum OF $50
feet and the Australian pearlers at
100 feet
The greatest depths reached by div
ers without apparatus are used by the
pearl fishers of Torres, mostly Malay
ans from the smaller islands. They go
down with the aid of a stone and a
loop in the rope thereto attached which
they clutch with their toes, these or
CANS being far more prehensile than
in races normally shod. They seldom
venture to descend below fifty feet,
depth Mt which they can remain for
two minutes The stone enables them
TO remain ut the bottom while they are
sweeping the pearl oysters into bas-
ket attached to the stone. When the
diver feels that he must come up to
breathe he releases his toes from the
beckett in the rope and at once floats
to the surface.
Young and healthy Malayan divers
working oyster beds below six fathoms
make four descents an hour during
four hours in the morning and the
same during four hours In the after
noon following a four hour rest. a
civilized man at a depth Of forty-two
feet finds such dive intolerable after
single minute.-New York Sun.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08

On the west coast of Africa the ma
tiyes call the raspberry yaw. 1t hap
pens that one of the pleasing diseases
that come out from that quarter of the
globe Is characterized by dusky red
spots that appear on the body and soon
grow into ulcers about the size and
looks of the raspberry. So this disease
is called the yaws 1t is contagious
and downright disagreeable. White
sailors bring it back with them to their
own discomfort and the disgust of
those at home. YaWs prevails also in
the Fiji islands and in Samoa, but in
these two places children mainly are
attacked, and the natives regard the
disease In the same light as civilized
persons look at measles-almost GER
tainty to have and the sooner over
with the better.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
OUR FIRST NEWSPAPER.
II Was Published In 1890 and Lasted
Just One Issue.

II Was Published In 1890 and Lasted
Just One Issue.
The first newspaper printed in North
America was Publick Occurrences,
which issued its first and only number
in 1890 in Boston. The publisher, Ben
iamin Harris, proposed to get it out
monthly, but the authorities came
down on the project "like ton of
brick" and Harris had to abandon the
scheme.
Publick Occurrences was printed on
three pages of folded sheet, the pages
being by II inches in size. 1t was
Printed by Il. Pierce for Benjamin
Harris at the London Coffee House"
in Boston The authorities alleged that
it contained reflections of a very high
nature" and within twenty four hours
Of the appearance of the first number
the editor and publisher was solemnly
warned that repetition of the offense
would merit severe punishment.
THAT Memorable Documents of Di-
vine Providence not to be neglected or
forgotten. as they too often are" and
THAT people everywhere may better
understand the Circumstances of Pub
ique Affairs, both abroad and at
home" Harris founded his journal, and
It was a pity that he should have been
thwarted in his design that the Coun-
try shall be furnished once month Tor
il any Glut of Occurrences happen
oftener). with an Account of such con-
siderable things as have arrived unto
our Notice New York World
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Doors In China.

In China doors are often round. leaf
shaped or semicircular In placing
them the builder usually avoids having
one opposite another lest evil spirits
find their way from the street into the
recesses of the building. The door
ways separating the courts Of a gar
den are usually Of an elaborate kind.
and the oetagonal form Is one or the
most popular. Religious superstition
asserts itself in Chinese architecture,
and the universal sacredness Of the
numerals and 0 is shown in the ar
rangement Of temple doors. There is
a triple gateway to each of the halls
of the imperial palace. and the same
order prevails at the Ming tombs. The
Temple of Heaven has triple roof,
triple marble staircase, and all its mys-
tic symbolism points either to 3 or its
multipleS.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
AN ALCOHOLIC ENIGMA.
Fewer Persons Seem to Drink, Yet
More Liquor Is Consumed.


More Liquor Is Consumed.
It Is the testimony of the internal
revenue receipts of our own govern
ment that, Notwithstanding the note
worthy extension of the dry areas by
reason of state wide prohibitions and
local option laws, consumption of al
coholic liquor has greatly increased.
In addition to the dry areas establish
ed by political action 1--WE use the term
In It's broad sense) there has been wide
promotion of personal abstinence be-
cause of rules against drinking estab-
lished by large employers Of labor
who realize the wisdom of guarding
the safety of employees and the pub
lie against accident, as well as pro
noting general efficiency.
We know that in addition to these
powerful influences there has grown
up a social opposition to Incorporate
habits that has q wholesome effect
against overindulgence in intoxicating
liquors and in favor of total abstinence
In any circle of acquaintance the per-
sistent drinkers-the men who make
a business of lido not appear to be
numerous.
The question naturally arises in con
sequence, Where does all the liquor go,
and who uses it? Increase of popula-
ton in the wet areas does not account
for all of it.-Pittsburgh Chronicle-Tel
eQraDh
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Woman's Louic,

You sometimes wonder about the
logic of the feminist mind.
A man was to meet his wife at her
office at 1 o'clock to take luncheon with
her. He was twenty minutes late.
She had gone out.
He sat down and waited. At l:3O
she arrived.
"What are you doing hereT' she
asked
I'm waiting for you"
Didn't you know / wouldn't come
back after I'd given you up and gone
out?"
"But you did come back, didn't you?
You are back now, aren't your"
YES, but you might have known that
when l did come back l would have
had my lunch and there would be no
use in waiting to have it with me-"
"Well, have you had it?'
"No."-Denver News.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
ORIGIN OF A PHRASE.
Greeley Was Not the First to Say, "Go
West, Young Man."


Who said, go west, young man?'
The phrase has often been credited to
Horace Greeley, but he was not the
first to use it and once denied that he
said it. 1t was written by John B. l..
Soule, brilliant young man who ed
tied the Terre Haute Express in
1873. Richard w. Thompson of
Terre Haute advised him to go west
and grow up with the country, adding,
"Why, John, you could write an arti-
Gle that would be attributed to Horace
Greeley If you tried"
Soule modestly doubted it. but
Thompson insisted and Soule prom
Used to try. The result was an article
in the Express on the opportunities
offered to young men by the west.
which began by saying that Horace
Greeley could never have given bet
ter advice than that contained in the
words go west, young man." 1t was
a supposititious quotation from Gree
ley, but the article was copied, and
pretty soon the supposititious phrase
was attributed to Greeley himself.
After 1t had received wide circulation
the New York Tribune came out with
a reprint of the Express article, ac-
companied by footnote by Mr. Gree
ley saying that he was not the author
of the expression, but he fully in
dorsed it and joined in saying. go
west, young man; go west."-lndian'
apolis News.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
TESTING CONCRETE.
Experiments to Show the Action Of
Sea Water and Frost.

Experiments to Show the Action Of
Sea Water and Frost
One of the largest construction com
panes in this country is making ex'
periments to determine what is the ac-
ton of sea water and frost upon con
crete According to Science Conspec-
tus. the company made twenty-four
concrete columns, each sixteen feet
long and sixteen inches square, re-en-
forced with iron bars near their cor
ners, and in January, 1909, immersed
them in the water at the Boston navy
yard.
At high tide the water almost entire
ly covers them, but at low tide they are
completely exposed. Thus in cold
weather the columns are alternately
thawed and frozen as the tide rises
and falls. The columns are made with
various qualities of concrete-mixed
dry, plastic and very wet-and also
with different qualities OF cement. Elk
perts are studying the effects of the
addition of waterproofng materials.
Clay and other substances are added
from time to time. and the effect is OBJ
served
Many years must elapse before 1t
will be possible to tell with certainty
what kind Of concrete is most perma-
nent When last examined many OF
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
NAVAL WIRELESS.
Il Is Almost Impossible to jam" =
Well Organized Service.

Well Organized Service.
Many suppose that it is possible for
an enemy to disrupt and suspend all
wireless communication at will by pro
ducing very powerful waves of irreg-
ular length-in other words, by inter
ference or "jamming.' According to
Commander Z. G. Loring of the Brit
ish navy, such tactics are seldom sue
cessful. 1t is very hard, if not i'm
possible, to jam" a well organized
wireless service, for there are many
ways, both technical and methodical,
TO defeat such an intention. If the
enemy attempts interference he must
put his own wireless communication
completely out of action for the time
being, with no certain prospect of Sc
riously inconveniencing the communi-
cation of his opponent.
Commander Loring also believes that
the risk of having the signals of the
feet intercepted by an enemy is very
slight. Cooperation between opera
tors, with full knowledge of each 9th
er's methods. is extremely important
when handling difficult code messages,
and the more skilled the organization
the more difficult it is for a strange
operator to take down with the neces.
sary accuracy the groups of code
message. He cannot ask for the repe-
tition of doubtful groups, and he has
no intimate and daily familiarity with
the methods of the sender to assist
him in his task.
"And, after all, giving the enemy ey-
cry advantage, giving him a perfect
record of the signals; the key of the
code to his hand and equal facility of
skill and language to translate 1t for
use-a most improbable combination,
it must be admitted-he has still fail
ed to prevent the all important infor-
nation from reaching its destination"
Exchange.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
CAVALRY HORSES.
The Loads They Have to Carry In the
Armies of Europe.

The Loads They Have to Carry In the
Armies of Europe.
The British cavalry is armed with
the short Lee-Enfed rifle, the maya
zine of which holds ten rounds; the
sword, which is carried by all ranks
except signalers, and the revolver, car
ried by warrant officers, staff ser
geants, sergeants, trumpeters and dr1v-
ers Each trooper carries 100 rounds
of ammunition in bandolier over the
left shoulder. Lancer regiments carry
the lance. Each cavalryman, like the
infantryman, carries an emergency ana
the Iron" ration and ration for his
horse. Then there is the kit. Altogeth-
er the British troop horse carries about
twenty stone (2S0 pounds).
The regular Russian cavalry are arm
ed with sword, rife and bayonet, and
each man carries 40 rounds of ammuni-
ton. There are the two days oats
and hay ration, a cloak and an in
trenching tool. The cavalryman's kit
two days rations, spare horse shoes,
horse blanket. canvas bucket and a
mess tin go to form the complete equip
ment and weigh altogether about ITO
pounds. The Cossack pony carries
about seventeen stone. The average
weight carried by the Indian troop
horse when ready for war is about
nineteen stone. The Austrian troopers
carry weight of between twenty one
and twenty-five stone, and the average
in the French and German armies is
about the same.-Manchester Guardian
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Much kissinq on New Years.

1t was the custom on New Years
day for all the citizens. after they had
called upon each other during the day.
to visit the governor in the evening.
mel and women together where 1t
was the custom Of the worthy Peter
to bcstow upon each of the wives and
maidens a hearty smack. thus setting
followed by the rest Of the men. Irv-
lng'S "Knickerbocker's History of New
York
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
The Color of Lakes.

Some lakes are distinctly blue, others
are of various shades of green, SO that
in some cases they are scarcely distin-
guishable from their level, grass sur
rounded banks. A few, too, are al
most black The lake of Geneva is
azure hued the lake of Constance and
the lake of Lucerne are green, while
the color of the Mediterranean has
been called indigo. The lake of Brienz
is greenish yellow, and Its neighbor,
Lake Thun, Is blue.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
NEW YEARS
RESOLUTIONS
Good to Make on Any Day OF
Any Year.

For the Well that They May Keep Well!
For the Sick that They May Get Welt
Resolved:
That will take better care OF my body
Resolved:
That l will seek to know more about
my body and so be better able to give 1t
proper care.
Resolved:
That / will try to aid others that they
may take better care OF their bodies
Resolved:
That l will plan to learn more about the
conditions which affect the physical well
being OF others.
Resolved:
That | will give particular attention, as
occasion makes possible. to conditions ar
fecting the health of the poor. the igno-
rant and the neglected.
Resolved:
That in school, church, club, lodge, I'M
ion or society l will encourage the discus
sion of health topics and the suggestion
of plans toward better health conditions
in the community.
Resolved:
That will endeavor every day of every
year to-
Sleep In the Fresh Air
Work In the Fresh Air.
Play In the Fresh Air.
Live in the Fresh Air.
Resolved:
That | will present these resolutions II
possible. to every class and society to
which / belong.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Reasonable.

Lord Esher, who when president Of
the English court of appeal used to
keep up running fire Of chaff on
learned counsel, sometimes got a Ro-
land for his Oliver as when young
barrister in the course of argument
stated that no reasonable person could
doubt one particular proposition.
"But doubt it very much" said the
judge.
The youthful advocate. not one whit
abashed. replied, II said no reasonable
person, my lord"
The master of the rolls could only
gasp, proceed. sir proceed. London
Express.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08

the columns were virtually unaffected
but others were badly eroded. The
columns that contain the largest pro-
portion of cement, mixed wet, have so
far shown tie least wear. OF two col
umns made with one part of cement to
one of sand and two of stone the one
mixed dry was badly eroded over its
entire length. whereas the other,
which was mixed very wet, was only
slightly pitted.
The experiment, 1t is expected, will
throw much light upon problem that
has long pcrplexed construction en-
pineerS
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Retreatina In Disorder.

who was that tough looking chap ]
saw you with today, HicksT
BE careful. Parker, That was my
twin brother"
''By Jove. old chap. forgive me!
really ought to have known."-Kansas
City Times.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
All He Wanted to Know.

Maria, I'm going to have DR.. Squil-
lips treat me for my heart trouble"
what do you know about Dr. Squil-
lips, John"
"All | know about him Is that Mr.
Gotsum recommends him to me-"
"Who is Mr. Gotsum?"
"Mr. Gotsum is one of the stockhold-
ers of the life insurance company that
is carrying $4,000 risk on my life
Chicago Tribune
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Broad Straets.

Berlin boasts that Inter den Linden
is the broadcast actual street to be
found in any great city 1t is 215 feet
wide. Other noble thoroughfares are
the Ringstrasse, in Vienna. 1888 feet;
the Paris Grand boulevards, 100 feet
and the Andrassystrasse in Budapest,
1856 feet wide.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Good Old DAYS.

The high cost of living wasn't much
of an item in the old days. when a
dime package Of cornstarch was used
to powder the baby after his bath,
make mothers face beautiful and pro-
duce a bowl of blancmange for des
sert.-Cincinnati Inquirer.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
ThA lrx Salt.

II should think you would have pre-
ferred the army to the navyT"
mo, ma'am. I'd rather do my fight
ing on water and keep dry than on
land and have to stand knee deep In
water in the trenches all the time."-
Detroit Free Press.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Time's Chances,

Time makes many changes. When
you were eighteen If somebody had
told you that at forty you'd be taking
dancing lessons you'd have laughed In
his face.-Detroit Free Press.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Reminders,

Mrs.-He said | reminded him of a
Greek goddess. Mr-Huh! Mrs.-What
do l remind you Of? Mr.-Of every
darned thing I overlook that you ask
me to do.-Cleveland Leader.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Reversible.

Stella--I take my husband along to
help choose a hat. Bella-I take a hat
along to help choose a husband.-New
York Sun.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Ancient SILK.

A book published in Japan 1000
years ago notes that at that time good
silk was already produced in twenty
five provinces of that country.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08

There is n man who can always be
depended on at pinch.
''Who is he?"
"a policeman" American
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08
Cnninn Eventa.

Mother upstairs, calling)-Are you
engaged. Mabel? Mabel (from dark
ened parlor)-I will be in a minute.
mother Philadelphia Ledger
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08

If II man empties his purse into his
head no one can take 1t from him.
Franklin.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1915-01-08

Many go for wool and come home
ahorn themselves.-Cerva
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-01-09
JOE BERGER TO GO
TO PACIFIC COAST?

Los Angeles. Cal. Jan. s.-"Happy'
Hosan has rebuilt his Venice machine
Two days ago De tore it all apart and
row be- has bis inheid lined up. II b.
learned from a reliable source that
joe Berger has been purchased out
risht from the Chicago White Sox by
the Venice club. He has not signed
his Neutce contract. but b. Is claimed
te has escaped tine ciutchinE hand OF
Colonel Rupert OF the New York
Americans That g. the reason the
Venice management g. said TO have
kept the matter secret for two days.
With Doe White who signed yester-
day. 90 first base. Marcan. a Southern
league star. az second. Joe Berger
holding down shortst0p. and Hetiiag
~ third base. the Tigers will have a
good inGeid
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-01-09
GRAPPLERS ARE
TRAINING FOR GO
Demetral TO Arrive Here Sun
day and Stone Is Work
ing Out in Moline.

rn a telegram 20 the sporting editor
% The Argus. William Demetral. the
Greek demon. who g. 90 vrestc Jack
stone. the giant Russian az the En-
uire theatre Tuesday night. announces
that he uM be n tie city Sunday
with bis proteEe. Young DemetraI.
who is 90 wrcsre BIly Hurley. the
Albany Welterueirht Demetral sign
ed articles for tire match and has post
ed "a $500 side bet
Jack stone. the demon opponent. az
rived iu the city yesterday FOR tine
match. fresh from % victory over Joe
Roger ur Cleveland. Ohio. lie is
training for tine go ar q gymnasium iB
Moline
Young ucmcfral ls amateur light
weight champion of the world. aud
Hurley has defeated the best light
Weights To this section Of the state
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-01-09
JOHN kILBANE BESTS
DALEY AT TOLEDO. O.

Toledo, O.. Jan. 9.-Johnny Kilbane,
featherweight champion. was given
the popular decision over frankie
Daley. the Latrobe. Pa, lightweight
last night. Daley suffered much pun
ishment from his more aggressive op-
ponent.
Kilbane entered the ring at 127;
Daley tipped ehe beam at $50. XII.
bane's height and reach proved OF
much advantage against the heavy hit
ting Daley, but the latter succeeded
in landing effective blows in severaI
rounds on the featherweight champ
Early in the contest Kilbane's rapid
work with his left smothered Daley Tn
the tenth round, although Daley was
gamely fighting back. he was unable
10 do any damaging work.