davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05
BY JAMES d. MORROW.

1 ZEN Of labor came to America In
N II the Mayflower. A printer
wi and a carpenter signed the
Declaration of Independence
George Washington was a sur-
veyor at one time in his life.
Lincoln worked as a day laborer.
Andrew johnson was a tailor,
William Howard Taft, after leaving
college. was a newspaper reporter at
" a week. The United States Is a
nation of workers. Labor Day, conse
quently, is not for any class but for
Americans in mass.
The writer Of this article has been
interviewing men of prominence in all
parts of the country. Few OF them
were horn with gold spoons in their
mouths, and those who were worked
and worked hard. Better still, they
wanted to work.
The facts and fragments OF CONVEX
sations which are to follow we're given
10 the writer first hand. AS "A whole
they show, In the words of Franklin X.
Lane. Secretary of the Interior, that
man was blessed. and not cursed,
wnen the Mighty Voice in the Garden
OF Eden said to Adam; In the sweat
othy face shalt thou eat bread"
Lane by trade is a printer. He had
clerked in a little California store for
~ week before a country editor hired
nun TO sweep the office floor. wash the
ihky rollers, distribute type and "kick''
apress while he was resting.
The Secretary OF Labor in the Cabi-
mel, Mr.. Wilson, was a coal digger. He
came TO the United States when he
was ) years old oil money borrowed by
ns father. At 3 he entered the mines
70 shovel coal into little cars, while his
iather, too crippled from rheumatism
:" stand up, sat on the floor and did
underwriting.
we had plenty or little to eat" Mr..
wilson said, according to the guam
u'y OF coal / could shovel during the
week"
Inc Presidents son-in-law and his
secretary of the Treasury. William G.
AcAdoo, sold the Macon Morning TeIe-
mdph in the village of Mnledgeville.
"a, receiving, at first. three copies. on
which he made 3 cents apiece. After
Ne mad earned 1924 he bought several
,aros 81 linen, "out OF which my
mother made trousers <or my younger
Moth.r and myself. Later he was a
arm laborer, Still later re was a tun-
"e. dlggor and a rich man.
another Cabinet member, William
hediield, Secretary OF Commerce,
vas ready for college, but n flood in
a'pany and the Chicago fire ruined his
.a'ner financially, and he started out
ga bread Garner for himself.
Perhaps ! was the gamer" he said
me boy who has never been com.
Nied 10 face the strain of life Is IN
go danger Of breaking down when
Ssls come
me postmaster at Pittsfield, Mass.
~aed him as a clerk.
I MY duties began" he said, "at $3.50
",he morning and did not end unit
s.a' night. ! slept In the office. tc
hnNer nocturnal calls and to warn of
Nshts II any came around"
!" 'he members Of the present Cabi'
"S eAeepl Mr.. Burleson, Postmaster
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05
IT'S FERN PICKING TIME IN VERMONT

Sometimes the ferns after being stored
viii turn black and become "a total
loss,
While the industry in Vermont had
It's origin in the southwestern corner
of bennington county, it has pushed
its way this year across the noun
tains into Windham and Rutland
counties. There was n heavy frost
throughout southern Vermont In May
ana at that time II was generally be-
lieved that the ferns were killed for
the 1913 season. Because of the rainy
weather in July and August the ferns
have grown rapidly, and men who
have been on the mountains during
the past lew weeks n that the
crop is the largest M thrIftiest in
years.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

TT is fem picking season in south
crn Vermont, and until the first
snow falls men, women and chill
dren living In the narrow valleys that
wind through the foothills of the
Green Mountains will be buslly en-
gagged In the harvest Of n crop that
now annually distributes thousands of
dollars among the back town farm
ers in Bennington, Rutland and Wind
ham counties,
The industry Is a comparatively new
one and came into existence through
the discovery by florists that the addi-
ton of a few ferns al a background
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

and here the bundles are packed in
large baskets or crates and hauled to
the nearest railway station, As many
AZ so, 200, 900 ferns have been gathered
in a season in the four townships of
Woodford, Searsburg, Stamford and
Readsboro In Bennington county,
which means the payment of 500 900
to the pickers. besides the money dis
tributed to the packers and the team
sters.
During the winter florists are
charged $3.50 "A thousand for the ferns,
which would seem to be a fairly large
profit above the cost OF picking,
transporting and storing. but the
dealer IL under expense to maintain
his organization and his plant and the
business 10 attended by a big risk
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

had 500, which he earned cutting ties
for a railroad, when he began reading
law. Albert B. Fall, the New Mexico
Senator, was employed at the age of IL
in a Nashville cotton factory. He re-
ceived S12 a month and paid $40 a
month for his board.
81 worked for my father and |
worked OUT said Senator John
Downey Works OF California. zone of
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

my employers, a well to do Indiana
landowner, kept me ploughing, pitch
ing hay or husking corn until long
after dark. He sent my supper into the
field so that | wouldn't lose any time
In going to the house. Every morning
he raped on my door at 1 o'clock"
Elsewhere than in Iowa men are
SAYING that Albert h. Cummins is of
Presidential size. His father was a
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
GENERAL VILLAS POWER
 IS COMPLETELY BROKEN.
Two of His Generals Were Courtmar-
 tiaIed and Shot at Sonora.

Los Angeles, Cal, Dec. 1.-Two Villa generals, Orestes Pereyra and E. Jiminez. with 50 other officers of their command. captured after a battle on the Fuerte river in Sonora, were court martialed and shot, according to a telegram received today from General Obregon at Nogales, by Arturo Con zales, Carranza commercial agent here.
 Villas power now has been com pletely broken, Obregon stated in his message.
 At Carbo, north of Hermosillo, where General Manuel Dieguez finally scat tered his main body, Villa destroyed all of his artillery. the report said.
 A part of his forces defeated on the Fuerte river escaped, proceeding ap- parently toward Lower California, with the expectation of joining Governor Estaban Cantu at Mexicali, opposite Calexico, Cal.
 Obregon also stated that among the numerous prisoners who surrendered to General Gales was Alejandro Cere- sola, former commander of the Mext- can navy under Huerta-
 The raid occurred Nov. r and for five days thereafter the women, ss- corted by men, relatives and friends, were pursued as they fled to the coast for safety.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
MEXICAN RAILROADS TAKEN
 FROM MILITARY CONTROL.
In Charge of Alberto Pani. President of the National Lines of Mexico.

Laredo, Tex, Dec. 1-According to news received here. decree issued today by General Carranza. head of the de facto government in Mexico takes away supervision of the railroads in Mexico from the military and places them under the direct control of Alberto Pani, president of the Ma tional Lines of Mexico.
 1t is reported the government will return the trackage properties to the railroads in the near future
 Passenger traffic throughout the re- public is gradually improving, but freight service continues inadequate, due to shortage of rolling stock and motive power, resulting from four years of war.
 There is no interchange of cars be- tween American and Mexican roads, the former having refused to permit cars to cross the international boun- dary except on bond of $1,000 a car.
 MT. Pani consulted American rail- way officials yesterday in St. Louis and is due in New York to arrange for a better interchange of rolling stock.
 Carranza forces in Neuvo Laredo to- day reported progress in the campaign in Chihuahua state. Troops have reached Escalon, near Jiminez, and 150 miles south of Chihuahua City, and are ready to attack the city whenever ordered
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
JURY DISAGREED IN
 THOMAS E. WATSON CASE.
kistriaI Ordered in Federal Court
 Obscene Matter Case.

Augusta, Ga, Dec. IA mistrial was ordered here tonight in federal court in the case of Thomas E. Watson, the Thompson, Ga, editor and author, charged with having sent obscene mat ter through the mails. The jury, which had had the case before it since not agree.
 Jurors said the vote stood 10 to 2 for acquittal from the first ballot to the court that the jury might re- main here thirty years and it would never reach a verdict" The district attorney did not indicate whethe- he would again place Watson on trial
 The language cited in the indict- ment occurred in articles attacking the Roman Catholic church, printed in periodicals published at Thomson, of which Watson is editor.
 The trial began last Friday, the de- fendant as a member of the Georgia bar, appearing as his own counsel He also was the only witness for the de- fense, attempting to get before the jury as to his motives in publishing the matter specified under the indict- ment as improper The government, called witnesses to show that the al- legged objectionable matter had actu- ally been sent through the mails. leav- ing determination of its propriety to the jury. Watson was tried on an indictment returned in 1913 after one previously returned had been quashed on a technicality and one federal grand jury had refused to indict-
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02

London, Dec. 1, 1920 p. m.-Emperor Williams visit to Vienna, which coin cided with the resignation of three of the Austrian cabinet ministers. is the cause of much speculation. The two events are variously assumed to be connected with the reported effort of Germany to force Austria into German Zollverein, desire of Elm peror Francis Joseph to secure a sep ate peace through the intervention of between Austria and Bulgaria over the division of Serbian territory.
 There naturally is no authoritative basis for any of these reports, beyond statements in the German newspapers that Emperor Williams visit was one of the highest importance.
 Operations in the Balkans.
 Meanwhile the operations in the Balkans and the movements of the ar with unabated energy. Like Germany, Bulgaria announces that with the cap ture of Prisrend her campaign against Serbia has come to an end, which seems to support the suggestion that, to avoid a dispute with Greece, King Ferdinand of Bulgaria has decided against the occupation of Monastir, the only town of any importance re- maining in Serbian hands. Monastir was still in the hands of the Serbians uiIl !dIe nhonudy AsAt anu no news that there has been any change there has been received since.
 Austrlans in Montenegro.
 Austria, with the assistance of some German troops, continues her opera tions against Montenegro, the frontier of which has, been crossed, but not without considerable opposition from the Montenegrins who are masters in mountain warfare and who have been joined by some portions of the Ser bian armies which succeeded in es- caping from the invaders of their country.
 Battles with Montenegrins.
 Battles are now being fought in that
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
SENATOR PoMERENE CANDIDATE
 FOR PRESIDENT PRO TEMPoRE
To Oppose Senator James p. Clarke of
 Arkansas, Who Seeks Reelection

Washington, Dec. 1.-Senator Pom creme of Ohio became a candidate to- night for president pro tempore of the senate in opposition to Senator James P. Clarke, of Arkansas, who seeks re- election. The candidacy of the Ohio senator, announced after a session of the senate democratic caucus, as- seures a lively contest which will be settled next Friday.
 Opposition to Senator Clarke had been smouldering ever since the dem ocratic conference began Monday be- cause of his antagonism to the ship purchase bill at the last session. Ad- ministration leaders had sought, how ever, to allay this opposition for the sake of party harmony and it was not until tonight that an open fight against him developed.
 Tomorrw the democratic conference will act on the report of the special committee on rules proposing limita- tion of debate to prevent filibustering. The committee tonight agreed upon a cloture rule which would provide means for forcing measure to a vote whenever filibustering tactics became apparent.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
16 MEN WERE KILLED IN
 BOOMER COAL MINE EXPLOSION
Reseuers Yesterday Found Four Men Who Were Trapped-They May Re- cover.

Boomer, W. Va, Dec. 1.-Sixteen men were killed by the explosion in mine No. of the Boomer Coal and Coke company here yesterday, Accord- ing to officials of the company here. TEey said the work of exploring the mine had been completed and they were confident that all the men who went to work had been accounted for
 Sixteen bodies were brought to the surface today and placed in a tenn porary morgue. Of this number seven were Americans. seven Italians and two negroes. A number of the men will be buried tomorrow.
 Rescuers today found four men who had been trapped by the explosion. They were so weak they were unable to talk, but physicians believe they will recover.
 Governor H. D. Hatfield visited the mine today and encouraged the rescu- CTS. He returned to Charleston to- night. An examination of the mine shows that the damage from the ex- plosion was comparatively light. Work will not be resumed for a few days, however, in order to give investigators sufficient time to make their reports regarding conditions at the time of the blast
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
4O,OO0 Freight
 Cars are Tied Up
EITHER AT TERMINALS OR ON
 LINES CONSIGNED TO N. Y.
CONGESTION IS SERIOUS
Representatives of All Eastern Rail- roads Discuss Methods to Relieve the Pressure-cut of Time of Free Storage to IS Days is Suggested.

New York, Dec 1.-The freight con- gestion at New York and other At lantic coast ports, which has caused embargoes to be laid on export freight by some of the railroads, was. discuss ed today by a special committee of representatives of all the eastern roads.
 Working Out Solution.
 The meeting was the first to be held by the committee appointed by the presidents of the various roads to in- vestigate the whole problem and make its conclusion c. Curtice Mccain, chairman of the Trunk Line associa- tion, and one of the committee, said nothing had been done beyond mak- ing preliminary review.
 4o,coo Cars Tied Up.
 Tt was ascertained," said MT. Mo- Cain, that approximately 10000 cars were either at terminals or on lines consigned for New York. About 90 delivery either for points in New York harbor or for export.
 Embargo on All Export Trade.
 "As to embargoes, while one of the roads found it necessary to embargo all export trade and some others em- bargoed certain commodities, the ques- ton of further embargoes is open at present for further consideration be- fore any action will be taken.
 The committee will meet again Fri day.
 Cut Time of Free Storage.
 The Merchants association of New York considered possible action in re- gard to the filing with the Interstate Commerce Commission by the rail- roads of a new tariff rule which cuts the time of free storage in New York from 30 to Is days. committee of five members was appointed to en- deavor to arrange a conference with the railroads at which the shippers side of the question might be present. ed.
 The impression was that the Is day regulation would go into effect Jan uary 1st and the association decided to enter protest before that date.
 Congestion Not Due to War.
 Members discussing freight conges- tion contended that the congestion was not due entirely to the war; but that the same condition had existed in normal times.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
NO NEW DEVELOPMENTS
 IN DUPONT EXPLOSION
No Ground Other Than to Suppose It Was the Result of an Accident.

Wilmington, Del, Dec. 1.-Nothins developed today that would throw any light on the cause of yesterdays ex- pIosion at the du Pont powder plant near here. Officials of the du .Pont company after an all-day investiga- ton by a large force of detectives, de- ny the disaster was the work of an outside agency. An official statement issued, tonight says: sr=-
 'fWe have no ground to suspect the explosion was the esult of anything other than an accident. The whole thing is shrouded in mystery. Un- fortunately those who might have knowledge of the cause are dead. Many rumors have been current but all are groundless as far as our irl- formation goes. No placards giving warning of planned explosions were pjosted at CaTneys Point, N. J., nor along the Brandywine Creek here. Neither was an electric wire discover ed leading to the plant from the op- posite side of the creek as was re- jorted. The company has no reason to place any credence in reports that the disaster was the deliberate work of any one irIside or outside the works"
 The report that government agents woul dinvestigate the affair was news to the du Pont officials. They said they had received no information to this effect from Washington.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02

part of the Sanjak of Novipazar which was taken by Montenegrins after the Balkan war. The Austro-Germans are advancing south from Sienica and across the frontier from Priepolje. In the north the Montenegrins claim to have defeated the Austrians in the region of Fotcha, Bosnia It is be- lieved, however, that the Austro-Ge mans have provided sufficient forces to make sure of a successful cam paign, as they did in the case of Ser bia.
 Snow Prevents Movements in Serbia.
 In southeast Serbia, where the British French and Serbians hold strong positions, the snow still pre- vents any movements of importance. No news has been received of the Aus trians and Germans who proceeded to Rustchuk on the Danube river, to CO., operate wit hthe Bulgarians and Turks to oppose a possible Russian invasion through Rumania.
 Attitude of Rumania Uncertain.
 The attitude of Rumania is still uncertain. The latest reports say that she, like Greece is trying to remain neutral but with two belligerent ar- mics on her borders this, it is believed, may prove difficult.
 Greece to Remain Neutral.
 Greece in her reply to the latest note of the entente allies, insists upon the maintenance of her neutrality and in dependence and a final settlement of the points at issue between the Hell lenic kingdom and the entente powers is not yet in sight. Greece objects, according to despatches from Athens to the evacuation of SaIoniki by her troops, the handing over of the rail- ways to the eptente allies and the po- licing by the navies of the entente powers of her coastal waters to cir cumvent the activities of German sub- marines.
 The Italians continue their offensive along the Isonzo river On the other fronts comparative calm prevails
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
SUBMARINES TO BE HELD
 UNTIL END OF EUROPEAN WAR Built by Electric Boat Company, of
 Quincy, for Great Britain.

Quincy, Mass, Dec. Five of the ten submarines which the Electric Boat company has been building for Great Britain will go to the Charles town navy yard tomorrow ot remain until the end of the European war in accordance with the stipulations un- der which the contract was accepted. The other five underwater boats will be sent to the navy yard next week. All of them will be tied up at docks there and certain parts of their ma chinery will be removed.
 According to the builders each of the submarines has been accepted by representatives of the British govern ment having successfully passed va rious tests. including submerging to c depth of 200 feet.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
MARTIAL LAW DECLARED
 IN JEFFERSON COUNTY, LA.
To Restrain a Reign of LawFessness
 That Now Exists.

New Orleans. Dec Martial law was declared by Governor Hall today throughout Jefferson parish, adjoining New Orleans, where state militia re- gently raided several alleged gambling resortts. The governor said in his proclamation that "a reign of lawless- ness exists in Jefferson Parish and it appears that the authorities of the parish charged with the enforcement of the laws are in sympathy with the lawless element"
 Adjutant General McNeese, acting under instructions from the governor, took over the parish government late today. He announced that the parish civil courts would be permitted to operate so long as they did not con- flict with the orders of the military authorities. Saloons serving both white persons and negroes will be closed immediately, but other saloons will be allowed to operate as long as there is no disorder.
 The troops today confiscated and burned various gambling parapherna- lia
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
MISS JANE ADDAMS
 IS RESTING COMFORTABLY
Present Condition is Not Alarming
 AiIment Not Diagnosed.

Chicago, Dec. Miss Jane Addams. head of Hull House sociological insti- ute and active as an advocate of peace, who was taken to a hospital yesterday, was reported to be resting comfortably tonight. After a consulta- ton of medical men today, Miss Ad- dams physician said the nature of his DC tients' ailment had not been fully diagnosed and that further consulta- lion would be held tomorrow. The present condition of the patient, he said, was not alarming.
 Miss Alice Hamilton, secretary for Miss Addams, said Miss Addams was SO hopeful that she would rapidly re- eover that she was planning to join the Henry Ford peace expedition to Europe.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02

New York. Dec. 1.-William Rocke- feller and his ten co-defendants. ac- cused, as one-time directors of the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad. of criminal violation of the sherman antitrust law, were declared innocent today of the principal charges preferred against them by the gov ernment. This was the alleged un- lawful acquisition in 1907 of the New York, Westchester and Boston Rail- way company, a line which had New York charter, but which the gov ernment charges was bought by the New Haven to prevent it's extension into New England as competitor
 Governments Testimony Thrown Out
 Judge Hunt. presiding at the trial, threw the governments testimony out of court, ruling that it had failed to show that the defendants had any criminal intent in acquiring the road. This was at the end of two days of
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
HUNTING IS COSTLY
 TO HUMAN LIFE.
In Eighteen States 59 Persons Were
 Killed and 66 Injured.

Chicago Dec. 1.-Fifty-nine persons killed and 66 injured is the hunting toll in thes IS states for the season which ended yesterday, according to statistics available here today. Last wounded.
 Dragging shotguns through fences and other accidental discharge of guns again claimed a majority of the vic- tims in the various states. A score of persons hunting deer were shot by fellow hunters who mistook them for game.
 Michigan leads in the number of killed with 14. Illinois comes next with 12 deaths. In Wisconsin nine hunters were reported killed.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
GERMANIC Ap,'::iGS
 ARE IN MONTENEGRO
In the North the Montenegrns Claim to Have Defeated
 the Austrians Near Fotcha, Bosnia
ESCAPED SERBS HAVE JOINED MONTENEGRINs

Belief Prevails That the Have Provided Sufficient Forces Make Sure of Successful Cam paien in Montenegro-Emperor Williams Visit Vi- enna Concdent With the Resignation of Three of the Austrian Cabinet Ministers is Causing Much Specula- ton About Rumor of Emperor Francis Josephs Desire to Secure Separate Peace-Greece in Her Reply to the Entente Allies Insists Upon the Maintenance of Her Neutrality and Independence-Attude of Rumania Re mains Uncertain-Italians Continue Their Offensive Along the Isonzo River.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-02
RULING RESOLVES N. H. DIRECTORS
Declared innocent of Principal Charges Preferred
 Against Them by the Government
GOVT TESTIMONY THROWN OUT OF COURl

Judge Hunt Ruled That the Testimony Submitted Failed to Show any Criminal Intent of Defendants in Acquiring the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway Com pany-Dickerng With Grand Trunk for the New Lon don Northern Road Reviewed, Also Project of Con sruction of Road From Palmer to Providence-Gov. ernment Granted Permission Present Further Ev. dence to Prove Its Contention.