Iditarod pioneer., 1915-03-27

l tury the Christian church, long showing | signs of cleavage on the lines that divided J Greek from Latin, split into two hostile parts, under the patriarch of Constantt- 1 nOple and the pope of Rome respectively. | controversy about the use of images, l known as the lconoclastic controversy, i reused the utmost passions of the popu-
 lace, and Frequently dcluged Constantinoplc 1 with blood and swept it with fire; But l the SpdtiCllS and vicious pOpuace did not
 need theological controversy to excite | them; the disputes of the blue and green
 factions of the amphitheater WrCe sum | cicnt to provoke indiScrminate slaughter l and to kinde destructive conflagratlonS.
 The Crusades
 ] The spread of the MohammPdan power | in the East received its first severe check l in movement that the political econo- 1 mists of today universally condemn, bat | that those who care for the romano or | history cannot regret. The orlEEal 3I"- | hammedan cOnQuerorS Of Syfla anu PaieS- | tine who had allowed Christian plIgIlnS | free access to the holy pla""S iS5O"iat"d ] with the life and death of Our Lord, were ] themselves conquered by far hercer ana 1 more Canatical horde of MOhammedanS
 known as the Scliuk Turks, who plundered 1 and murdered Christians and doSecratcd 1 their shrncS. By this time the DarDaFian ! tribes which had oVPrrun Europe had long | been converted to Christianity and had set,
 lied down to an enduring basis of national | life which was already producing the
 realms of modern Europe, and the Suler- l in"S Cf the pilgrims and the afr0@antc and inSOlenre of the in1delS, proclaItneu , all over Europe by the cloHuenrc or Pei'r 1 the Hermit aroused the fiery indignation | of Chrstendom and set on root the erra. 1 enterprise of the CruSades. ihe man I,r'aN ! chivalrv of FurODc by sea and land. m | wave after wave, invaded the burning sands | of Syria and against enormous NNnS | pressed it's irresistible WAY to the H"IN 1 Land and established, and Tor century | tI,1 nf Ejnrinm
 Ths weakening of the Nohammcdan l power. not intended for inc su""or of Cor, stantin0pIp vet did probably delay the fall | of the city for three centuries. ?nd Whoh
 at last thp ChrStians were eTnoled rom | Jerusalem and Syria, the Knights Tenn'a | and the Knights "f st. John fortified mem | selves first at Rhodes and then at Malta, and continued to distract and annoy the | TurLtSh Armam"ntS. , | Rmt inc strange viciSSitUdeS Of the cifVS history were again to he lIIuStra1od' ne
 vnrv cruSadcs which exhausted the Turk | jsh Stronrth and drew the Turkish armies | away from CnnstantnND1p hr0W@ht abNut a l trmnorarv subvcrsion and suhjugatlon or ! the Greek empire.
 Captured and Lcoted
 The fourth crusade, an enterprise or me | French and NrnetianS under inc count or i Flanders and Dandulo, doge Of \enlr'' Wa | diyrrted from the Holy Land tO an attack mon COnStantnOpIP itself by the anp"a 1 ~f the son of the FmDeror Isaac. who had been dcthroned blinded and mnrlN"neo lE attacked bv sea and land AleXtus fled and | Isaac was restored to power: but shortly thereafter. while yet the IattnS were en- l camppd about the city. both Isaac ana ms | son were dethron"d and murntrrH nE --a5 aLi l uSurncr. teain the city was enCompaSSed l by sea and land. and this time the SlrF'
 was pressed to conclusion and the ely l was taken hv storm in i2Of. tonStanli-
 ,VN Jh AP
 >trn that the wonderful bronze horses that | pdOrn the portals of St. Marks at venice were carried away from inc Eastern cap l ital to which tantine had brUuGnl mem | from Rome Baldwin, count or Flanders.
 was proclaimed emperor Nf fhH East, and l for Somnthing more than nftv years sue 1 resSjon of Latin emperorS fu,eo over nl-
 stantnoDlc. The fate or Ba!dWln. lhr Hl~l | of them. gives another pNamp'6 or inc | raDricrs of fortune with which tho history | ~" the city ahoundS. On an expedition | against tho saya@e BUlgarS. who had an
 moved the narrow outSktrtS of tho "mDjrc
 the king Of tn" RUgarS, if is said. fell in ! love with tho handsome Frank, and when l he rcncllnd her adVan"PS she dfn0UnCHd 1 him falsely tA her husband. who cUt OfT
 his hands and feet and rnng out his bleed | ing trunk amongst the Ca"raSSPS Of dogs and | ho"%oS If IS said ho hrnathNf for three
 days before tho vultures deyoured his body.
 Greek Dynasty Re-estabIished
 When thc Greeks. under Michael Pale nIcqus, had rocainpd possession Ot the city 1 and rP-cStabIjshed q Greek dynasty. the empire torn and distracted. entered upon | pcrtCd of civil war which haStoncd its | decline. Indeed. the wonderful thing about | thtS city and its dominion is that fl re l sisted SO long the onslaught of its enemies, | despite the S}Oth and Ptremnacy of the peO- l pie and th0ir inrUrahlo facttousncss.
 < new race of Turks. called the ottoman | Turks sWarmed out of tho raStnpSses of | central Asia and were carried on a new tide | of rOnUUeSt all over the East Pouring ! across the narrow water they snhdUed and ] CccuDpd the provinces beyond the city, and 1 Cons tantinOOlc found itself not only de privcd of its outlying SSessiOnS-that was
 no new thinG-hUt for the nrst time
 hrmmrd in on every side bv the Moham- l mcdan armS. Inder the famous sultan