The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-05
Must First Remove 13.NOO.-
600 Cubic Yards of
shifting Soil.
CAN SET NO TIME
FOR REAL OPENING
Report to Garrison De-
scribcs Terrific Battle
With Elements.
BANKS TOO HEAVY
FOR STRATA BENEATH
Nothing to Do Now But
Carry Away Earth as
1t Appears.

Nnior-GcH. George W. Gocthals has
made an C.rhouStirc rcpoyt to Secrc.
farD Garrison on N" slides Ia the
Panama canal CEN GoptbaIs aires
h' nrS' complct, history Of these
shd's. ruth a detailed statement as 70
th' attempts that hare been made TO
coJfrol them and an oppression ~
opinion as to the ultimate results that
riH be achicr.d bD the present efforts
10 or'rcomc the great movements Of
tar'h
The Shdcs, especially since the lat-
Si one closed The rutcrlray for an
mdcfHifc period. haze caused decp
concern ia official circles ia Woshipo-
ton
zen. Gocihais bclicrcs that the limits
o. the present morcncnt haze been
reach,d
~ experience coaHts for auDht,"
'aas h.. there is no doubt that the
MEANS ddopt'd aud noL in use uiH
effect u cure ia the slides"
IcH. Goc'hUis has requested that his
report be used ia fuH as crtractions
"lqhf icdd 10 miSiHJormdtion or cr-
roHoons conclusions. Therefore the
Jan r,port to!lows:
d, IE<. GEORGE W. GOETUNIS.
In building up "a pile of sand on the
natural surface Of the ground which
Is practically level or horizontal the
Sand bong in no way confined Il
movement Of the slides will he noticed
at each successive dumping of ma
ter!al which movement will continue
hntl certain defined slopes are reached.
after which the particles will remain
al rest. The angle that the slope
which the sand finally assumes makes
with the horizontal is called the angle
"i r"poS", and the slope is designated
the natural slope. What is true of
S'hi Is true Of all other materials;
tHc9 has its particulcr slope at which
j VIII remain at rest
i Instead Of ping up sand "A trench
Wr.al, uu.esS care be taken to ex-
cevat" 80 hat the sides of the trench
ere left At their natural slopes, the
sand VII slide down until the natural
top"S are reached This movement
IN The sides will occur again If the
dep,A i th" cut be increased The
same results ,htain with other ma
terialf
IN similar way. If the ground. m
t''"a "t being practically horizontal!
= inclined 'ho material y led upon IL
VIII adjust itself to the conditions
NH''A NJ" Inc. nation imposes and
N'h q cutting - made through ma
"rhI which rests on an inclined sur
lt" ""nG which sliding can take
Pa'" the masses above this surface
VIII ~''i" down injo the trench or
It snl n thc bottom reaches or goes
o'.'" ID" underlying or inclined sur
fac'.
>iop"s against Themselves.
II M" material is piled on ground
Mit L. soft aud unable to bear the
weight which the pile may bring upon
u" -li" slopes will adjust them
S-i'r~ =" this condition. In the gem
t'1' '''~" Ihc soft material when no
''hecv dh," to bear the weight will
'' squeezed uut and the movement
",I dias with It a portion of the slope,
""cN is thereby nattened; the
,F'""H"i ont material piles up in q
hump or mound outside the toe Of the
S'p">. mtt.m"s at a cons derablc
u'.''a." ana finally counterbalances
Wr iu"i"r.l. IN the embankments; the
movement ceases when equilibrium Is
.StnH..thr,l
W" weight nt an cmhankmcnt of
material il transmitted downward
Hfn hc Surfac" Of the ground and If
IN" tnp suriac", hard in itse {, is un-
''''!d ~.th soft or relatively weak
'"'''.hl conditions may arise in VIII ch
we t"'d transmitted 10 the underlying
material ls greater than it can bear.
'h winch case rupture Of the weaker
''''" results, the upper portion of the
-''"h1 settles, CARRYING with II the
''b"' Imposed emhankmont, and the
-''''a "uJac"Nt Ia and outside Of the
'ih''' ,'n,',t or pile is forced up unt!l
'ii.."l.um is secured
n.'r those conditions spreading
Ute .'s" oi the emhankmCnt SUN
S~H,.y ,u Nrurc "a load on the weaker
'1'1 less than that required to rip-
'''' 't "l! prevent this action. II
''oiiHU'd on T|nih Pane