The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1915-03-05

I
tation tanks. The barrels often con-
tain sour beer and hops. The yeast
liquors are liable to undergo rapid
decomp osition with the formation of
I acetic, Tactic and butryic acids whose
smell is very offensive. The discharge
varies from 125 to 500 gallons per
100 gallons Of beer brewed. In adj
dition to wastes already mentioned in
brewing, distfIIeries contribute the
distilling wash and distilIing of low
wines. From this process a very
dark brown liquor which undereoes
rapid putrefaction accompanied by
acid fermentation is discharged.
The wastes from diaries and
creameries is similar in character 70
dilute milk and is very liable to I'M
dergo fermentation and give off Of
| fensive odors from the butyric acid
formed. If the flow of the stream is
! small, abnormal growths develop.
which cause great nuisances when
| discharged is about 400 gallons to
every 100 gallons of milk used
In dyeing, most of the coIoring
matter consists of derivatives of coal
tar except in Indigo dyeing. The
principal pollution occurs when it is
necessary to change to another color,
| then fresh vat must be- prepared
and the old one is generally dis
charged into the river. By use of i'm
proved machinery most of the pollu-
process
be avoided.
The refuse discharged from COM
mercial laundries is very poIluting
and often much stronger than do
Knestic sewage. Tt causes profuse
growths in a stream.
The principal pollution in ga1van-
izing is the wastes from the pickle
tank, which is q muddy liquid CON
tanning large amounts of oxide of
iron in suspension and in solution
either chloride or sulphide of iron
and some free acid When discharg-
ed into q stream they form a reddish
brown deposit on its bed and owing
to their acidity re 1der the water in
capable of supporting fish or yege-
table life or of being used for in.
dustria1 purposes. In ga1vanizing wire
works there is in addition to the
above the escape of milk of lime.
The spent liquor from gas works
has a brown color and an offensive
smell. It contains large quantities
of acidic and basic tar oils and
nozious sulphur compounds. When
discharged into small stream it
renders the water poisonous to fish
and cattle as well as odorous and dis
co1ored. It also absorbs large guam
titles of oxygen and so interferes
with self publication of the streams
The amount Of spent gas liquor dis
charged per 100 tons of coal convert
ed into coke is about 1900 gallons.
The character of wastes from paper
mills varies largely with the nature
Of raw materials used in manufactur-
ing. In the caustic soda process,
where the supply Of water is unIina-
tied, it may run as high as 81 900 gall
Ions to each ton of paper produced
and consists of lime liquor from the
boilers, dirty water from the rag en-
paper machines. In general the
amount of wastes varies from $4,000
to 150, 1000 gallons per ton of paper.
In the wood pulp process there is a
discharge of nearly a ton of solids
dissolved in the refuse water for
every ton of paper pulp, produced.
All this may give rise to very great
nuisance when discharged into
stream. The solids in suspension are
deposited on the beds Of the river,
where they ferment and decompose,
giving off offensive gases.
The. refuse from the rendering
works is exceedingly po1luting In
character. The waste liquor contains
large quantities of chloride of call
cium in solution, and the waste water
from the floors, watts and casks car
ries large amounts Of animal matter
in solution and suspension.
The water used for cleaning the
floors, etc., in slaughterhouses is
strongly impregnated with organic
matter and is extremely liable to I'M
dergo offensivs< putrefaction when
discharged into a. stream.
The principal source of pollution in
the manufacture of soap was the dis
charge OF the spent I've, but in the
modern process this is saved for the
recovery of glycerine. and the only
possible pollution is the discharge of
waste water produced by the evapo-
ration -distilling process in reclaim
ing the glycerine and the wash from
the floor.
tor ir
waste waters from the soaks, the
lines, the bates or puers, the spirit
liquors from the tan pits and the
wash water. All these form a waste
of the most pollutng character. The
tannin from the spirit liquor absorbs
oxygen very rapidly and is very detri-
mental to the purity of the stream.
The volume of refuse from tanneries
amounts to from 5000 to $4,000
gallons to every $50 hides dressed
The recent increase in the use of
tar and oils for sprinI1ing the high
ways in attempting to remedy the
dust nuisance has created another
possible source of pollution of
streams. IF the spraying is followed
by a period of dry weather, pollution
is not likely to occur, but if it is fol-
lowed by heavy rains the soluble
matters in tar and oils are washed
out and should they reach the
streams it would occasion great de-
struction of fish life.
In the publication of water by
sand filtration, to prevent cloggtng of
filters the surface layer of sand has
to be removed from time to time and
thoroughly washed. The sand-wash-
ing water carries in Suspension mud |
vegetable growtns, dead organisms
and bacteria, which, If discharged
into q, small stream, may occasion OBJ
jectiona1 pollution.
Connecticut is largely a manufac-
turing state, and on account of the |
excellent water power available |
many of these industries are situated
on the rivers. These industries are |
of great value to the state and no
action restricting them in the legiti- |
mate use Of the streams to dispose of |
their wastes should be considered, |