davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
Getting Ready
For the Fair

At this time Of year the secretaries
of various fair associations are arrang-
ing their plans for the exhibits which
will be held this fall. These are re-
minders that this is the best time OF
year in which to lay plans for captur-
ing the blue ribbons. Fruit growers,
particularly, need to begin their work
now for the exhibits they will make
at the fairs and apple shows, for the
fruit which will wear the ribbon must
be sprayed. .-.-.
But even If 1t Is not now the expec-
tation Of any fruit grower to make an
exhibit at fall show, the chances
are that he will change his mind
when the premium lists arrive. and il
is just as we'll to begin. Sprayed fruit
is coming to be the only kind to which
the better class of fruit dealers will
give any consideration, and in spray
ing 1t Is we'll to do the spraying with
the idea in mind that every fruit must
be show fruit. Show fruit NIGH
really be called extra fancy" so fal
as it's grade is concerned. and the
extra" applies not only to the grade
but also to the returns which the fruit
will bring. So, after ALL it Is we'll fol
every one Of US to feel that our croI
is to be show fruit, and work through
out the entire summer with that idea
in mind whether or not we actually
place any of it in the exhibits.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
Eliminate the Sheep Fly

The sheep that is Struck by the
hy Is at first restless and excita BILE,
stamps its feet, runs about, and some-
times trys to bite the part. Later it
becomes dull and detected, loses its
appetite, and stands listlessly about,
with its head hanging down, apart
from the hock. The wool at the seat
of the injury is rough and raised, and
as the maggots burrow their way into
the skin and tissues. causing suppur-
alton. close examination shows NOV
ing mass Of them. Unless these mag
cots are destroyed and the wound
kept clean, the torture ends in death.
Prevention IS better than cure,
and in the case Of 'fiy'' it saves the
animal much pain and annoyance
and considerable damage to the fleece.
Prevention includes the prompt treat
ment Of shearing cuts, fighting wounds
or abrasions Of the skin generally at
the time of the inniction. and espec-
tally Of shearing wounds, which are
too often neglected. Tho increasing
employment of machines in shearing
will tend to the reduction of this
cause Of ny" attack.
Tho removal of dirty locks Of wool
and the trimming of the soiled parts
is imperative. These precautions,
however. will not always suffice. for
the yolk Of the wool will provo sufflc-
lent attraction unless poisoned or rem
dered distasteful to the fly, and the
pest will sometimes strike, especially
on hot days. and when there is thun.
der in the air.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

One Of the most serious effects OF
the presence Of the brown-taN moth
in a community is that of the peculiar
skin disease it may produce. Some OF
the hairs of the full grown caterpillar
are furnished with minute barbs.
When the caterpillars mott these
barbed hairs are shed with the skin
and as the skins become dry and are
blown about by the wind the hairs
may be quite generally disseminated.
When the hairs alight upon the human
skin they cause an irritation, which
upon rubbing may develop into In
f1amation. Writing on this subject
DR.. W. A. Evans says:
THE poisoning effect from the
brown tailed moth results from chem
ical substances contained in the shaft
of the long barbed hairs carried on
the abdomen and back. These hairs
can be carried by the wind and can
produce the rash in people who have
not been in contact with the cater
pillar.
1.-THE ordinary effect Is rash similar
to hives, known as the brown tall
rash. The usual site of the rash Is
the skin of the exposed portions OF
the body-the neck, face, and hands.
1.-The hairs may get into the nose and
bronchial tubes, causing colds ana
coughs that may be mistaken for con-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

The scale insects, or bark lice. are
the most important insect enemies OF
citrus, as they are also OF most other
subtropical plants. They are, as
rule, small and inconspicuous singly,
but they multiply so rapidly that very
soon an entire plant becomes infested
trunk, limbs, leaves, and fruit. The
attacked tree is rarely killed outright
but It's growth may be almost COM
pletely checked and its fruit rendered
valueless.
Next In Importance to the scale in
sects are the mite enemies of the
orange and lemon, as represented by
the mite which causes the rusting OF
the orange In Florida. and the silver
ing Of the lemon in California, and
also the leaf mite, known from its coll
oring as the six-spotted mite OF the
orange These mites occur with the
scale insects. are subject to similar
remedies, and may properly be con-
sidered IN the same connection.
OF very great importance to the
Florida grower Of citrus fruits Is the
so-called white fly, the latter not being
a scale insect in the ordinary accepta-
ton. but in the essential features OF
life history and habits coming In the
same category, and hence properly
considered with the true scale insects.
Occurring about the orange and
ether citrus trees will also be seen
many other insects which play bene-
fetal ole, preying upon or parasitizing
tie scale insects living on these trees.
II is very important to make the ac-
cuaintance Of these beneficial species.
,'cre particularly to avoid. whenever
ossible, killing them in the warfare
wased against the injurious ones.
With the orange and lemon as with
the pants, negligent cultivation and
improper care. or any unfavorable
. ono iticns of climate which weaken
tie vitality and yigor of the tree, en-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

from thirty to forty minutes, the
longer time being preferable. The
work Is done at night to avoid the
scaldins which follows day applica~
tons, at least in bright sunlight
The proportions Of the chemicals -
now employed in California arc con-
siderably In excess OF the amounts
recommended few years since. Thu
gas treatment was frst chiefly Gssd
against tho black scale, and ct .
season Of the year when xhsso.onales
were all in q younG stacy and .eaAlg
killed. The effort III now n5ade not
only to kill the black soa1e. bat 0asp
tho red scale. and TO do morO s6nn3s0
work with both than Abum>sax
1t 10 very important ehaH &ho~ouess
be put into the ssnszse1neNsen sA
and then the acid, and lasefy ne
cyanide. II the wa4eY a0d cynutde
are put In the vessel dns end do o6id
poured In afterwasd theFe % danGsej
Of an explosion which w1IhSnaetas ~
acid and burn the tsuto' and Eha-oossasl
tor. Tho dangerous nature of ~.
gas must b constantly bone tnstn1nd)
and the greatest caution Shozno ~
taken to avoid hahakin6 - Cd i,
The tent ussd f,seaalsdNshs~tassI
tent, "and IL drawn up ovvv <hs.1F4G1
by means Of pullsyk Sosnaso119a1i
tents arc OF great siss.
Tho treatment - madssQG1nUk2ink
at night although 4wu110 A1yudn1
to treat tress on . 1esy dssobA1Hs1pof
day In CnlfforuAn. and sB4n4AA nhkAi
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
MAKING HOME ATTRACTIVE.

A recent writer on What tho Farm
Home Needs makes a few sugges-
tons for making the country home
more attractive and pleasant:
Have as much music az possible. A
photograph is q good investment.
Indulge In an occasional trip either
to nearby or distant points. On re-
turning. the home will be much more
attractive.
Read books papers, and magazines.
There Is no company like good book.
Replace the old household methods
by modern labo--saving devices as far
as possible.
Make over tho house 80 that there
may be a bathroom. ..
Have a better arrangement of the
kitchen SO that there may be running
water and drainage.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

infested with scale insects or mites.
This does not mean that vigorous.
healthy trees will not be attacked, but
such trees are less apt to be completely
invaded. As a means Of protection
against scale insects. a proper system
of cultivation and pruning Is therefore
important.
The value Of pruning as a means Of
preventing scale-insect injury can not
be too strongly urged. Scale insects
thrive best where they are protected
from direct sunlight and free move
ment of the air, hence, trees Of dense
growth, unpruned, are almost certain
to have their centers. at least. scaly.
A well-pruned tree, In which free
access is given to light and air. Is
much less apt to be badly attacked
than a thick headed tree, the interior
of which Is entirely shaded, thus fur
nishing the conditions most favorable
for the well-being of scale insects.
The abundance or scarcity of scale
insect pests Is very much Influenced
by climatic conditions. A moderate
amount Of moisture and warmth are
the favoring conditions. On the other
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
BY @. Il. MARLATT

hand. a very dry climate accompanied
during the summer season by excess
i've heat, will frequently destroy most
scale pests, as will also a high degree
OF humidity with high temperature
such as characterizes many areas
within the tropics. the latter condition
developing fungous diseases which
often keep most scale species we'll
nigh exterminated. The favoring in
termediate climate Is illustrated by tho
citrus districts Of Florida. Jamaica,
and the West Indies, where scale
enemies are more troublesome than
they are In the drier climate of Cali
fornia. On the Pacific coast. also, the
moister ocean districts are worse in
tested than the drier regions farther
inland with greater elevation. Under
the latter conditions the black scale.
for example, has been almost entirely
exterminated by temperature holding
for several days above hundred de-
grees, and similar results have been
noted with other species.
Scale insect enemies Of citrus trees
are directly controlled in two ways:
G) by spraying the infested plants
subjecting them to the fumes OF hydro
cyanic-acid gas commonly designated
as "gassing." Each Of these methods
Of control has Its place.
The gassing method is undoubtedly
the most effective means known Of
destroying scale insects. It has been
in general use in California for many
years and the methods are now thor
oughly perfected and highly salts
factory. Casing should undoubtedly
be employed whereversthe expense Of
the treatment, which Is the one obtec-
ton to 1t. is not an object as meas
ured by the value of the crop pro-
tected. For most species of scale
Insects, one good casing IL worth as
much as two or three spraytngs. and.
when done at the right season and
properly, It very frequently will al
most II not quite exterminate tho
scale from the treated trees, giving
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
Burrow OF Pocket-Gopner. 4
Surface OF Ground; b, Main Burro"
G, Branch Burrow.

BurrOw OF POckef-GOpneF. A.
Surface OF Ground; 3, Main Burrow;
G, Branch Burrow.
not the case with that of mole.
Pocket-gophers are largely nocturnal
in their ha bits above ground.
Hawks and owls, foxes, weasels, and
the common house cat prey upon the
pocket-gophers. It is probable. too,
that the larger snakes devour them
A No. o steel trap may be set In the
burrow by digging down foot or more
behind a newly made mound. The top
OF the trap should be on a level with
the floor OF the burrow and nearly COW
cred with fine earth. The opening
should be covered in order to exclude
the light.
BY far the best way to destroy
photographers is by poisoned bait,
particularly before the young are
weaned As much powdered strych-
nine as can be held on the point Of
a knife blade, introduced into slit
in a small piece Of parsnip. carrot,
apple, or potato, or large raisin, and
placed deep down in branch bur-
row, which may be opened If neces-
oary, is very effective.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
GOOD SPRAYING RESULTS.

|" am new in the spraying business,
but followed the directions for spray
ing apple trees, as recommended by
the Washington Experiment station
last year. gave my trees a thorough
spraying with lime-sulphur. adding
half pound of Paris green to every
fifty gallons, before the buds opened.
Then after the petals fell from the
blossoms 1 gave the trees thorough
drenching with arsenate of lead, two
pounds to forty gallons of water,
using a Vermorel nozzle. The result
was that [ had 80 per cent perfect
apples. of as fine quality as ever
Save. F. Kiest. Dongola, Ill.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
POULTRY HINTS.

Dampness and chilling mean sure
death to chicks.
Never feed little chicks wet, sloppy
food 1t is bad enough for mature
stock
Soft-shelled eggs are a sign OF lack
OF lime or over-feeding.
Indigestion and liver trouble In
fowls are paraded under the name Of
cholera very frequently.
When disposing of some Of the old
stock, pick out the poor layers and
oldest specimens. They are Just as
good for the table, and you can't az
ford to part with the money-makers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
CARE OF POULTRY.

Most poultry diseases are contagious,
and after they once get firmly estab-
lished are hard to break and success
fully eradicate. Most Of these diseases
occur during the winter and early
spring, when the fowls are confined
and can not get out and run where
they please, on account Of rainy and
cold weather. It Is important that
their houses be we'll ventilated. so as
to furnish fresh, pure air at all times;
for If they are compelled to breathe
impure air which arises from the filth
Of tho hen-house, which Is bound to
accumulate, they will be apt to con-
tract some disagreed BILE disease, which
may prove costly before cured.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
A Four-Footed Pest

Pocket gophers are serious garden
and orchard pests in some parts Of the
country. These animals are provided
with pocket like pouch on each side
CT the head. The pouches are outside.
independent of the mouth. and. con-
trary to the belief OF many. are not
s,:sed for carrying dirt out Of the bur-
rows but for carrying food The pres
ence Of mounds of earth in garden, or
chard or lawn indicates the presence
of either a pocket-gopher or mole.
The Eurrow of the gopher is some
times left open temporarily, which is
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
NOT NECESSARY
TO BE SWINDLED

Protect your house and barns with
lightning rods. 1t Is not necessary
that you be swindled In so doing. II
you prefer to buy a copper rod. deal
with reliable firm and not with an
inscriptions agent. Sign no contracts
for rods. If man will not come and
rod your buildings without pay in ad-
vance, or your signing note or "ack-
nowledgement" or bill Of SALE just
as an honest timer would come and
spout your house, then have nothing
to do with him. He can find out II
you are honest and reliable. You can't
find out much about the agent Sign
nothing.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
CARRY YOUR WEALTH WITH YOU.

This greatest riches-in fact, all the
wealth that is Of real value-must
center in yourself. You must be rich
within. not outside Of yourself; rich
In the things that financial panics,
fluctuations Of trade, accidents by
flood or fire. dishonesty Of business
associates, or errors of judgment. can
not rob you of. Your greatest in
vestment must be reimbursement. In
vestment in health, in courage. in
kindness, in nobility OF manhood or
womanhood.-O. 8. Marden.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
Make CHRISTMAS TREES
OF RED CEDAR.

The red cedar and apple trees do
not agree. The red cedar Is infested
by a fungus, which makes the reddish
jelly-like cedar apples In the spring.
These are masses Of the fungus spores
which are carried by insects and wind
to the apple trees, where they cause
peculiar swollen and hairy placed on
the leaves and fruit. known as rust.
Apple trees and fruit can be totally
destroyed by this rust. The best rem
edy is to make Christmas trees out Of
the cedars.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
GIVE A SQUARE DEAL.

Poultrymen should eStabtuh Q
standard Of fertility of eggs to be sofa
for Matching. No person expects to
get all fertile eggs. But when man
does not get fair hatch. he should
have standard Of recourse. Recently
got sixteen infertile eggs out of fftH
eggs. I think that II we had a stand<
ard Of at least 80 per cent fertile. and
q recourse Of double the number OF
infertile eggs to make the number
good, It would be q proper Thu TO
do, and no recourse, II 80 PEI y
was attained.-D. ]. w.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
Is the Sire AlRigld13

We are MI quito familiar wfshtholAoo
that the weak. bad points of both
plants and animals seem to Be smoxn
easily established in tho young tAaa
the strong characteristics. Taunro
seems to be q natural tenduncy to
retrogression, or a croppang-out OF
the bad points In animals; and tlaoos
are the things which We desfIo to
guard against Like besets nkoA
is law Of nature. We expect the,
offspring to be like the parent. This
being the casa, . poor. lean, long
lank, ill-shaped animal. pomaa0neAA
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
Mental Diet Recommended.

Amelia Barr, the noted authoress
who is still young at SO. Essays: II have
constantly given my mind plenty Of
new thoughts, and this mental diet
has kept me young. 1t Is routine that
ages have constantly proved that
intellectual activity infuses life into
every part Of the body. AS far as
possible, avoid worry and anger. One
hour Of facilitating mental exercise
Destroys all personal maEnetism."
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
LEARN HOW TO GO
BACK TO THE LAND

an influx Of city people to the country
Some prosper and are happy. Other
find that the turkeys do not grow
on trees and already roasted" Those
who have been accustomed to earning
five dollars or more day see the cash
supply come slowly and become dis
couraged. They do not know the first
principles of farming, and many mis-
takes are made.
There are always plenty to advise
some great improvement which will
require q goodly outlay of labor
these same advisers ever standing
ready to do this work at their own
price. The principle may be correct
but the labor bill is liable to be ex-
cessive.
No farmer would expect to go to
the city and launch into a new bust
ness without losing money at the
start. His sane way is to commence
gradually, study conditions and
methods thoroughly, and then ad-
vance with caution.
Many a city man has gone back to
the crowded life discouraged, Just be-
cause he did not know how to COM
mence. Had he rented a small plot
of ground and spent his spare mo-
ments in making garden there would
have been renewed strength in the
exercise and he would have been bet
ter prepared in single season to
undertake the larger proposition.
His business principles would en-
able him to grasp the subject with
comparative ease; but he should no
longer follow the time honored senti-
lent that the man who does not know
how to do anything else can farm.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

It is an accepted fact that oxen usu-
ally die in pairs. One yoke fellow
seldom survives the other. Working
and resting side by side through many
years, the animals develop so strong
an aft ction that separation means
death.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

courage the presence and multiplied
ton of the insect enemies. On the
other hand, vigor Of growth is repel-
liant to insect attack; and 1t will be
almost invariably found that the I'M
healthy tree is the one first severely
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

Casing consists in Enclosing q tree
at night with q tent and filling tho
latter with poisonous fumes generated
by treating refined potassium cyanide
(sS per cent strength) with CONNER
cfal sulphuric acid (6e per cent) and
water. The treatment should continue
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

Cattle breeders should not forget
that manure may be contaminated
with the virus of infectious abortion
and that the disease may be spread in
this way.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

Considerable hoeing is often neces-
sary among the cucumbers. Tho
broad bladed killing hoes are the best
for this work. The shuttle hoes are
also useful to get under large vines.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10
For the Swine Breeder.

Give your hogs good pasture all
summer.
Give them change of pasture fire.
quently.
Feed liberal grain ration.
Keep good clean water accessible.
Provide sunshades or wet wallows.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

No dairyman should be satisfied
with cows that produce much less
than 800 pounds Of butter fat per
year. Use the Babcock test and dis.
pose Of the poor stock. =
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

The good dairy COW eats largely.
digeats amply and milks abundantly.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-10

Every moment that is not used to
the best possible advantage is wasted.
Spray courier. (Spray, Or.) 1???-19??, 1915-11-18
At the School House, Nov. IL

At the School House, Nov. IL,
the students hal a mock trial which
was quite interesting and many of
the Patrons ware present job ME
Nolan AS Sheriff arrested his
brother Lenard, oil charge of rob
bing the Post Office of 81, 800 in
gold and silver. The Prosecuting
Attorney, Everett May with his
witnesses brougt in evidence arti-
cles found on the office steps, and
also identified the foot prints found
near by. The defending lawyer
was Robert Wilkes, who, with his
witnesses brougt evidence to prove
that Lenard Nolan was i'll Winlock
after lumber on the night Of Sept.
/. The verdict brought in by the
jury was, guilty" and the Judge,
D. W. Moore, scntanced the pris-
oner to drink water for 70 days.
"A Student
Spray courier. (Spray, Or.) 1???-19??, 1915-11-18
COMPETITION IN SAVING.
A Challenge Wife Accepted and a
Contest In Economy.

The following IL mn account OF what
competition did townrd encouraging a
bank account:
81 nm on newspaper have al.
ways nndc a saInry In excess OF sim.
pie living requirements. but | was q
free spcndcr and did not save.
"a baby enme. and felt an added
responsibility. was enthusiastically
frightened for the tirst time In my life.
Then gave the matter OF saving some
thought. bur could not decide upon
any coursesf action.
AT tho office one day business dis.
ctHslon made me see that what need
esi IN my home was competition.
That night ON my arrival home
snId ia my wife that would. begin.
ming the next Saturday. give her half
of my Salary nnd | would keep the
other half and We each TAKE mn equal
share of the household expenses.
"At the end Ut the first month left
my bank book on the library table.
wanted to surprise her Tint evening
alic handed II 10 me aud said she
thought ! was doing Iue. Looking M
her closely. saw that she realized she
was challenged She did net speak.
however. Of any intention she might
have had IN mind.
"A month later found her bank
book on the library table idcnticully rs
| had left mine. she had beaten me.
for her savings showed Slo.50 more
than my own for the corresponding
month and SIS IN excess of my dcpos-
Its for the first month
We nrc now In race. We both
have the saving habit We have enough
To buy home II we should join funds"
-- American Magazine.