Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1915-07-16

alUer the composition of the manuro
IN any way and does not cause an,
injury TO crops on which the latter
10 placed In fact, the only possible
way In which it can do anv iniprv
upon the farm is in case tho hann1,
VI TANK IN which the solution is
stored is left uncovered in mac
where some of the farm animals mo-.
urlnk from 1t. The most ordinary
care, however, is sufficient IN nro
vent such an accident. The cost of
the treatment, with hellebore SELLING
from II to 16 cents a pound and in
large lots for 10 cents or less is esti-
mated at a little over one cent for
every two bushels.
Borax is perhaps ever more Of.
iectlVe in the killing of larvae than
hellebore, but borax has the disad-
vantage of exerting in large ouanti-
Ties an injurious effect upon plants
IL Is possible that manure treated
with sufficient borax to DESTROY tba
larvae and then applied to plants at
d greater rate than 10 tons per acra
may work harm to certain crons
where borax is used for the proven
tlon Oh lilies, therefore, no more than
one pound should be employed for
every 10 cubic feet of manure and
THIS manure should not be used at a
greater rate than 10 tons to the acre
This objection to borax, Of noprse
Goes not apply - its use on the
ground of stables with soil flocrs in
prlVles and refuse piles, and on other
accumulations of decaying material
IN which flies may lay their eggs.
While the use of maggot trans and
the treatment of manure with helle-
pore or borax are most effective in
reducing the number of flies. il is
not likely that they will actually ex-
terminate the pests in any neighbor-
MOOD. The precaution of screening
windows and doors and in particular
the protecting of all articles of food
with fly-proof screens is, therefore
urgently recommended by the de-
partment of agriculture. Screening
of course, has no effect upon the
number of flies, but it does mini
mize the danger of infection. Com
paratlvely few people realize how
admirably adapted from it's structure
and habits the fly is to carry dis
ease. The body of the house fly, and
especially the legs, are thickly COW
cred with hairs and bristles. As the
lily crawls over the decaying organic
matter on which it likes to feed
these hairs readily pick up disease
germs and carry them to the human
foods which the fly subsequently
visits. The fly is continually passing
from piles of refuse and filth to
kitchens and dining rooms and in
each one of these journeys it can
with the greatest ease bring with it
the germs of any intestinal disease,
typhoid, Asiatic cholera, dysentery,
and infantile diarrhoea being
among the diseases which are
XII own to be transmitted in this way
and there is very strong evidence
that tuberculosis, anthrax, oph-
thalmia, smallpox and other diseases
are carried through the same medi-
UNI. 1t has also been demonstrated
that not only are disease germs car
ried in this mechanical way upon the
legs and body of the fly, but that
these germs flourish abundantly
within the fly itself and that they
can be deposited by the fly upon
human beings or upon human food.
The danger from the fly is greatly
increased by the extraordinary repid-
ity with which the insect multiplies.
The common house fly includes per-
haps SO or SO per cent of all the flies
ordinarily found in and around
DIV ellings. A single female lays eggs
at least two, and possibly four, times
in the course of its life and averages
probably 120 eggs on each occasion.
These eggs usually hatch in less than
"a hours. Indeed, under favorable
conditions, maggots may issue from
them in eight hours. These maggots
grow rapidly, melting for the first
time within a day after they are
Matched. A day later they mott a
second time, and two or three days
afterwards enter the stage of pupa-
ton. Thus, the total length OF their
life as larvae ranges from four TO
five days, but this period may be
greatly prolonged by low tempera-
ture or by scarcity of food. Inc
pupal, or resting stage, lasts from
three to 10 days, although during
Information it may be prolonged to
as long as from four to five months.