davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
ENGLISH CREWS SAVED.
Submarines warned All hut Two
ships, Says Paris.

PARIS. Fec The French Ministry
Of Marine. which In a settlement ye'ter-
day or the sinking Of British merchant
men by Gelmau submarines said that
no not &c vas given 10 the crews Of the
vessels, issued the following statement
to-day. correcting the earlier commu-
nicatlon:
Acc rd ng 20 further information the
German submarines sank the English
merchantmen I'm the North Sea only
after the crews had been removed.
Therefore II was only the two English
steamers which were t1rpGdCed near
uavre that were attacked without pre-
yious notice risNinE HE sink ng OF the
crews with the vessels. and violating
Consequently he Jules and the rights
Of nations respected by all countries"
The Temps remarks that the differ
Hnce In the treatment by the submarines
"a the Irish Sea and in the English
'nannel Is the result f "A difference in
'Te armament OF the underwater craft.
The submarine operating In the Irish
sea II says, had cannon aboard and
could coerce the ships which II stopped.
The other submarine, which had not
been Seen, probably had no cannon
aboard and belonged to the earlier series
~ German submarines.
The Temps then quotes Capt. Persius
VT lllHF n the rage Oiultt as laying lndl
military operations may affect non-com-
hatants N the seas and that merchant.
men ought TO be torpedoed when the
presence Of hostile ships prevents the
submarine from rising 20 the surface
As the civil population cannot always
be spared the evils of war the naval
expert continues, so the crews of the
merchantmen may suffer.
Rear Admiral Sehhepe, writing In the
Lokdidnceigcr, maintains the same
iheory. "Our powerful submarines
spread terror he says. Let ny not
hesitate to use them against any shI
. lying the British flag II matters littl'
what persons are travelling under thi'
Nag. The American press condemns tbs
use Of submarines agains' commerce, II
nv opinion, because submarines have nc
rNns 10 save the crews and cargoes o.
torpedoed ships and because neutral
suffer as much as bcl'igerents."
The TEMPS says that the Hague Con
vention against bomharding undo Tended
towns ought 10 ever merchant vessels
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
CONFESS DEFEAT"
London Paper Sees That Eject in
German Raids.

LONDON. Feb THE ran Mall Ga
sette, commenting editorially to-day on
the German submarine raids. said
There Is nothing more futile than the
childish cry IT isn't fair Why com
plain OF breaches of the law OF warfare
when there is no policeman, judge or
executoner 70 enforce the laws?
I'VE expect nothing but grunt from
pig, nothing but an outrage from a
Prusslan, When a Power departs rom
the first principle OF warfare--namely
that the proper objective OF his armed
forces is he armed forces of the enemy
and resorts to fancy operations, II is
a confession OF defeat"
The Globe says to-day;
1.-The sinking OF vessels carrying non,
compatants is mere piracy, The persons
guilty are not entitled 20 the privileges Of
prisoners OF war II captured,
"v'e nave one pirate IN our hands
the captain Of the Bluecher. Let u
make beginning 10y trying him for TN
murder OF helpless women and childrel
al Scarborough"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
HAS MANY SUBMARINES.
Germany Has Added Several "a
Navy since War began.

The German submarine C-2l, which is
leading the present underwater raids on
British mercantile shipping, was the first
submarine ever to destroy a hostile war
vessel.
Five vessels had been sent to the bot
tom by gun fire in the present war up TO
me flrst week in September. while the
submarines, upon which the naval en-
gineers Of both Germany and Great
Britain had been spending much time
and thought, had accomplished nothing.
Then the E-2l proved the efficacy OF the
underwater boas by sinking the British
Ight cruiser Pathfinder In the North
Sea on september 8 with the loss OF 2id
lives,
The U-2l began her campaign against
merchant vessels on November 23, when
she sank he Malachite off Havre A
French torpedo hoti Ia gave chase, but
the submarine ired three torpedoes at
her pursuers, al OF which missed their
marks, and escaped The following day
she sank the steamer Primo in the same
waters. French torpedo boats caught
up with her again on November 2S near
Cape d. Antifer. Again the U-21 dis
charged torpedoes ~ her enemies, but
without success. and disappeared.
Germany had greatly increased her
submarine notilla in the six years pre-
ceding The war, spending about the same
amount for this kind of craft yearly
that was spent by Great Britain. until
she had Il Is believed, about thir,y-siN
boats Of the type ready for sea NJ tho
outbreak of the war, Increases to the
| ho,illa have been reported AT various
| times IN the last few months
Four OF the earliest Of the German
submarines, built between 1906 and 1903
/ are smaller and slower than the more
! recent vessels and probably are being
/ used only for coast defence. The craft
numbered from five to 70, which
| include the famous U-9, destroyer OF IN,
/ Greasy, Aboukir and Hogue, were bull
/ i'm 1909 and 1910 and displace 295 tons
| They have a speed OF thirteen knots or
the surface and nine knots submerged
are tested TO depths Of $50 feet and car
remain submerged for twenty-four hours
They carry twonty-three officers and
/ men each.
The boats numbered from U-i3 e
U-27 have displacement OF $50 toni
and motors which give them a speed o
seventeen knos on the surface ant
twelve knots submerged, These vessel
carry one fourteen pound disappearing
gun and one one pound anti-aircraf
gun. Comparatively little is known abou
the more recent vessels. begun In 1911
and 1914. II Ia understood that the
are larger and faster than those of III
year before.
1t is believed that some Of the newe
boats have "A radius of close to 900
miles and are intended 10 he able :
make the voyage TO the Mediterannea
should such a voyage he deemed advls
..Giu s0g Igs.!tarJ reasons.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
FEW PORTS SAFE FROM ATTACK

Torpedo gunboat Niger--Sunk in
the Downs. on Deal, two miles on
shore. November II.
German submarine reported sunk
off Dover. November 10.
Audacious--Sunk of the north
coast Of Ireland. October "a.
Reported raid by two submarines
in the Firth of Forth. December ..
Submarine honlla tried 20 enter
Dover harbor on December 10.
driven away by fire.
Formidsble-Sun on Plymouth,
January /.
Ben Cruachan, in Irish Sea. Jan
uary 80.
Linda Blanche, In Irish Sea, Jan.
uary 30.
Kilkoan. IN Irish Sea. January 80
Tokomaru. on Havre. January 80.
Ikaris, of Havro, January 80,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
SEVEN SHIPS OVERDUE.
Several placed on special Risk
List at Lloyd's.

LoNpoN, Feb 2.-AccordlnR TO the
Daily Chronicle seven ships have been
placed on the overdue market at LiOyd's
as consequence of the activity Of the
U-2l.
At Liverpool, apart from trade with
Belfast the ports maritime trade con-
unues uraltered. ships entered and left
the VI rsey yesterday as usual, 1t is
anticipated that the enhanced risk rates
will be maintained only in the event OF
a further raid. Col. Coucanon OF the
White star Line told an inquirer that
the line propos = TO continue its sailinRs
as usual and has every confidence that
the Admiralty viii deal with the raiders,
but that every precauyion will he taken
one underwater is quoted as saying
that the advance In rates Is not justi-
fed. He believed that the increases
were due 10 those who suffered losses
over the week end trying 10 recoup.
The advances generally are 100 per
cent for every class Of ship. including
transatlantic vessels.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
SPRING STYLES SIMPLE.
Few Americans Only Buyers Mt
small Paris Openings,
SpecinI Cable "a patch b nm srN.

Special cable Despatch 20 THE SuN.
PARIS, Feb. This il the week IN
which spring styles usually make their
debut, but this year less than dozen
American buyers are here To see the
small exhibition OF styles that is offered.
The only new note in materials Is the
blue soldat, the official blue selected for
the army. This is 20 psdo as to be Al
most gray.
Many of the houses will not have
an opening this year, but they miss only
the American trade, as few French
women are paying as much attention TO
dress as formerly The styles are all
simple. and most of them are military
Georgette has zouave coats, Cheruit
shows gray robes in summer silks, also
black and white checks. poucet and
Bournche show evening gowns in violet
plisse and tulle.
Millinery shapes are mostly small
with flower mo- IFS. The military cock
ade Is an important feature,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
FRANCE STILL COUNTS
ON 2,75O,OOO SOLDIERS
Despite 100000 Killed and
Missing, Power Grows
Steadily.

PARIS, Feb. despite the losses
suffered and the errors dearly paid for
at the beginning il may be affirmed
that the power OF France has steadily
grown since tha haginning 81 the war.
Leaders and soldiers become veterans.
The mad bravery OF the first days has
given place TO seasoned courage and to
patieace in the face of all difficulties.
The loss OF officers In the beginning
was considerable. Including the killed.
wounded, missing and sick, IL amounts
row about so per cent or the total
number. Many officers easily dis
tinguishable by their uniforms. exposed
themselves unnecessarily.
The French effective. after tivs months
Of war and despite heavy losses has in
creased. OF men hors de combat the
French enumerate 100000 killed and
missing and about 400, 900 wounded and
sick; Of the latter at least so per cent.
have already rejolned their regiments
Two classes Of consC riHts nave been
called, furnishing a total OF about $50
600 young men, whose period Of training
IL ended and who are AT the front. The
reserves Of the active army. tho terri
torials and the reserve classes of the ter
Tltollal army lldt nave oetn calltd thus
far have furnished nearly 100000 men,
including the classes OF 1914 and 1915
there are 100000 men. in round num-
bers TO which may be added the 500, 900
men OF the active army. giving n total
OF 2, 500 900 men. From this number one
may subtract the 100000 killed and
missing and one-half the 10000
wounded or sick, or 500 900 in all There
then remains 1900, 900 able bodied fight
ing men OF France under arms.
A denomination OF men hitherto ex-
empted should give an additional ESQ, 600
men. To these must still be added
the 100000 soldiers OF the class OF 1916
now being prepared for service That
makes 2,750,0OO men on whom France
cna still count, leaving out OF considera-
ton the native colonial troops and the
British army.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
TREATS AIRMEN AS OUTLAWS.
Csar Orders Bomb DrOppers Pun
ished Under Piracy Law.

Special cable Despatch TO THE SuN
LONDON. Feb. CONFIRMING the news
that the German crew OF the Pdrsevals.
which raided the Russian port Of Libau,
are to be treated as common outlaws,
the TimeS's Perograd correspondent
says the Car has ordered that here
after all persons throwing bombs upon
an uuforthed place shall he dealt with
as ordinary criminals, in accordance
with the Russian law covering piracy
The decision was strengthened by the
discovery on dead German officers In
Poland of documents showing that the
Kaiser ord red Cossacks TO receive the
treatment of robbers.
Lieut., Won SChenck, who was cap
tured AZ Libau, is large landholder
in Russia and supplied Germany with
timber from his German estates prior
TO the war,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02

IT He following are some Of the
exploits OF the Germ1n
submarines since the begin
ming ~ the war. II will be seen
IN the accompanying map that these
daring under sea raiders have al
most circled the British Isles othe
places where they have sunk Brit
ish ships being marked with a starr
and there seem TO be few ports
which are safe from attack.
pathhnder---Su by Tel Off ST.
Abh's Head. Scotland, september 5.
Greasy, Abouklr and Hogue--
sunk by TO IN the North Sea-"
September %.
Hawke--Sunk in the northern
waters Of the North Sea- October
l6.
Hermes- sunk In the straits OF
Dover, october 30.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02

soldiers. are waiting at Fleetwood for
transportation. Some Of the steerage
passengers are In a serious plight and
without money, but are being fed. As
result of communications with Belfast
this evening, Il Ia thought that steamer
will sail tomorrow morning The sus-
pension Of service apparently is due
mainly to the difficulty OF obtaining in
surance
Considerable numbers OF ships crossed
the Irish Sea to-day and the arrivals
and departures at the Manchester Ship
Canal were unaffected, except by the
emission OF local steamers for Belfast.
the seamen Of Manchester and Liver
poOl are willing to take chances OF en-
countering the enemy,
II Is reported ip Liverpool that the
U.21 replen shed her oil fuel from
vessel dying the Dutch nag on he north
coast OF Wales. II is unknown whether
this vessel supplied the oil voluntarily
or not.
Some optimism that the raids would
not continue long 30 far removed from
the German bases rs Liverpool was
founded on the supposition that the sub
marines would run short Of fuel and
supplies and could remain In these wa
ters only q few hours at time. The
presence Of the craft sighted of South
port this morning has exploded this
y. I
mans rcplenished their supplies from
one Of the captured vessels bcfor, send
ing her 70 the bottom.
saw No Submarine.
Further details OF the sinking Of the
British vessels ON Saturday and yes
terday are hcing brought tp port 10y
survivors \ member OF the crew OF
the Tokomaru. which was sunk yosicr-
day In the Channel, VINO US arrived IN
London. says that the Tokomdru was
waiting for a pilot when she vas tor
pedoed and was practically stationary.
The officers and crew had Just hniShri
breakfast when the explosion occurred.
The vessel tilted over Immed 'tely ana
soon was listing heavily The boats
were lowered and every one Was away
from the ship In hftceu minutes, but
the crew saved practicallS nothing. Al
ihough the men OF tho crew believe
that the vessel was torpcdoed no one
saw any sio" of a suh~''-nle.
The British merchant steamship
iksria. from Brazil with a cargo .
coffee, was t.rp"doed ter M les from
Havrs on saturday y tug reached
her within an hour and. as the water
light compartments Kept Her aioat. the
crew, with the exception OF the captain
and freren. boarded the tug ard the
latter succeeded In towing the lkaria
into port Most oC the cargo was saved
before the vessel sank
Much EIatIop IN berlin.
Dispatches from Berlin tell Of the
satisfaction which lis felt IN Germany
over the success ot the raids on British
merchant We. rs.
The Td0es-I,.tO,g expresses the hope
thM the commerciI war nov taken
up by German submarines In british
home waters y n ST. ~ AT the root OF
Nnsa.V 81. sV.IV ..H.|.. IL In n
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02

Altoun Boulag An entire Turkish regi-
ment was annihilated. Those not killed
were taken prisoners.
~ strong position at Twin was car
ried by impetuous assault by one or our
columns. which captured two companies
with their guns. Following closely upon
the heels OF the fleeing Turks. We TOOK
possession OF the imprognHhlc castle OF
Twin
I'm this way the centre Of the Turkish
position WAS taken at the same time
that our troops were attacking the wing
OF the Turkish army. The forces OF the
enemy were completely broken up and
retreated precipitately, abandoning theh
wounded. stores and ammunition and
filnging their guns down the precipiees-
THE action at Kara-Urgan completed
this part of the campaign. and the Turk
lsh army, which had adopted rash'
offensive attitude, was thoroughly beaten,
although it was numerically superior
TO our forces"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
TABRIZ OCCUPIED.
Russians OFFICIALLY Announce TAX
Ing OF Persian city.

PETRoGRAD. FEB. Tho taking OF
Tabriz. Persia. by Russian troops, re-
ported unotiicially on Saturday. was an
nounced officially to-day In a statement
issued by the General stan OF the Rus
sian army in the Caucasus. The state
ment was as follows
"lu the hghung below Tabriz The
Turks lost four fcld guns, provisions,
munitions ard many prisoners Having
been cut of from Tabrz and suffered
heavy losses they took to flight. on
January 80 we occupied TabriZ
There is no material change on the
other fronts
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
ONE DIVISION LEFT.
Turk. Badly Beaten, PctroErao
Hears From Tifiis.

PgTRoGRAp. Feb. l. -- Reports from
Tihis state that only one Turkish divi-
sion was intact after the russian vic
tory of Kara Crgau. The reports place
the victory at Gornes and southward r.
Oltey.
The General STAFF OF the Caucasian
army announces that twenty officers
were captured AT the outset Of the battle,
which was fought In blizzard and In
snowdrifts many feet deep Many
hundreds OF Turks were killed and
numerous prisoners were taken. as we'll
as guns. ammunition ana supplies.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
Furious Attacks Repeiied.

with this object in view our troops
retired successfully. repelling furious at
tacks made by the Eleventh Corps.
After carrying out necessary regrouping
movements for our units our forces took
decisive offensive positions in the Kara
Urgan district, enveoptng the Turks.
I'm spite OF a violent snowstorm that
lasted from January S until January IS
our troops by the greatest heroism and
extraordinary tenacity progressed con-
tinuously.
Attack after attack was made near
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
DAGGERS SENT TO PRISONERS.
The "Mntin" Says weapons Were
Sent Through y. =. Embassy,

Special Cdbie Despatch 10 THE SrS
PARIS, Feb. THE Hatin says the
commandant OF Banveoc fort in Brit
tany, where German prisoners, among
whom is Baron De Mumm, are quar-
tered, has found twelve daggers in one
delivery of twelve postal packages OF
clothing sent by relatives of the pris-
oncrs. The packages were sent through
the United States Embassy and the Ger
man Red Cross,
The commandant. the Mdtm continues.
laid the matter before the nearest Amer
lean Consul, who stated that II was
shameful to hide such infames under
the American flag and that he would
refer the matter 10 his Government be-
fore accepting the responsibility Of de-
F!!YSr.as tur,hc- German parcels
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
TURKS DEPRESSING JEWS.
stern Measures Cnu-. Acute Dis
tress In Palestine.

LONDON. Feb THE DddU Netos
correspondent at Cairo teegraphed that
the commander ~ o. - 20 tn
army corps has issued a proclamation in
which ne describes Z.ouism as a 'l"Vu,u-
tionary. auti-Turk!sh movement which
must be suppressed
The sternest measures are being taken
to make 1t certain tina, all Jews remain
ing in Palestine become Ottoman sub
jects The Zionist colonists are comply
,Tis rather thai. * expelled destitute.
The Anglo Palestine Bank. the centre
OF Zionist finance, has been liquidated
since conditions made 'ts insolvency Ger
tain. There l. acut" distress among he
So 900 Jews and $4,000 Christians In Je-
rusalem. The American relief which mas
been received s insufficient TO maintain
life
There is reason to entertain the gray
est fears for the safe.y OF the $1,000
colonists in Galilec. Judea and Samaria
should the Turkish army In Syria suffer
defeat.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
FLEE TO RUMANIA.
NustrIan- Are Disnrmed and In-
termed There, says Report.

l.uNpoN. Feb. Martin II. Donohoe,
the London Ddiy MATHS correspondent at
Bucharest, sends the followiug despatch {:
Hundreds Of Austrians, demoralized
by the Russian pursuit, have He'd into
Rumania, where they have been dis
armed and informed. They report des-
perate fighting and say that whole regi-
ments Of Austrians succumbed to the
cold.
There Is a temporary lull in the fight
ing in lower Galicia, both sides being
busy preparing for renewal
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
JASON AT MARSEILLES.
"Christmas ship" Loads Exhibits
for Panama Exposition.
Special CaJie Despatch TO THE sus.

SDecidI '0bTe UespdfcN 20 THE Sun
PARIS, Feb 1.-The United states
naval collier Jason, which came to
Europe as christmas ship" bringing
toys from the children of the United
States 10 the children OF the belligerent
countries, arrived to-day at Marseilles.
She will remain for several days load
ing exhibits for the Panama Pacific Ex-
position at San Francisco.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
Jean de R.szke Not Condemned,
Speciai cable Despatch TO THE sus,


PARIS Feb. In connection with a
report that Jean de ResZke, the singer,
has been condemned 10 death by the
Germans the Petrograd correspondent OF
the Temps teegraphs that the report is
contradicted and that VI. de Reszke IL
reported TO be In France, where his
son has enlisted In tho French INV.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
REDMOND NOT AFRAID.
Irish Leader braves Danger of A.
tack by Submarines.

LoNpoN. Feb. 1.-The clyde Company
has suspended sai.!ngs 70 Waterford.
John T.. Redmond. the Irish leader. and
Mrs Redmond We're aboard the Ulster
Of this line last evening. They were
warned Of the risk prevailing. but did
not dsembark
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
L. $. Relief ship at Rotterdam.
Specid CabIe Despatch 10 THE suS,

LONDON, Feb. 1.-THE steamship
LSnorta, carrying American relief
supplies for the Belgians, arrived at
Rotterdam on Sunday and began dis
charging her cargo into barges for
Antwerp yesterday She was delayed
by extremely rmgh weather.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-02
Ma.tcrman Cnn,t Get Back.


NpfrIdI tdOIf HeNUdTU" U" IHH sun
L.oNDoN Feb, 2.-The Right Hon
Charles Masterman, after trying in vain
for a year to get himself reelected to
Parliament, has resigned the Chan
cellorShin Of the Duchv OF Lancaster.