The Republican journal., 1915-03-11
Overseas. Austro-Hungary.

WY WIFI PoPuldtlOl VI tVSOOOyOOU,
speaking more than dozen tongues.
The principal racial divisions are the
Teuton, Slovenian and Hungarian, or
Magyar. The Hungarians are believed
to be of Turanian blood, probably de-
scendants from the ancient Cythians
Austria, Germanic monarchy, and
Hungary, Magyar kingdom, form a
bipartite state, Vienna on the upper
Danube being the Germanic capital, and
Buda-Pesth, some 140 miles southeast
on the same river, being the Hungarian
seat of government. They have sep
arated parliaments and ministries, but
are united under the Emperor and a
Congress on war and foreign relations.
Southwest of Vienna in the provinces
of Syria and Tyrol are the Rhaetian,
Noric, Carnic, Julian and Dinaric Alps.
Tyrol has glaciers, SUBMITS perpetualy
snow. crowned, and all the grandeurs of
Alpine scenery. The highest summit is
that of Critters Spite, 1854 feet above
sea level. The curvilnear range of
Carpathian mountains for distance of
300 miles wall in the great Hungarian
basin. The Danube is great highway
of internal navigation. The climate
ranges from the rigors of mountain alti-
tudes to the mildEess of the Dalmatian
coast country, producing the olive and
the grape Trieste and Fiume are the
ports of any Importance on the Adriatic
sea, being but few hours sail from
Venice, from which city the foothills Of
'tbe Austrian Alps are plainly seen.
Life in the dual Monarchy is in the main
pastoral, herders, agricuturists, fores-
ters and miners following their several
vocations in these diversified countries
but manufacturing is by no means un-
important, cotton, wooden, linen and
silk textiles; gold, silver, copper, iron,
tin and zinc metal work; glass, porce-
lain, leather, paper, musical instru-
ments, chemicals and beers employing
many and skilled hands. All of the
grains are raised in Austria and Hung
airy, most in the latter country, and
under the existing war pressure Austria
is clamoring fer Hungary to make with
her common granary for public supply.
The Empire has its fashionable and
aristocratic classes, centering in the two
capitals, but the great mass of the
people are plain country folk. The
writer has had a chance to test the
sodierly quality of the men in compar-
ison with the Italians. Two summers
ago on shipboard from New York to
italian and Austrian ports, the first
morning out the wind blew open my
coat front, showing constable's badge.
Some young Italians being called home
and to the war in Tripoi at once asked
me to give them drill. | promptly
said, ''Fall in''. A half dozen of them
did so, stepping, hating, wheeling in
SPLENDID form for an hour, and repeat
ing it daily on the long voyage. A
group of Austrians, returning home
from our Montana mines, at the call of
their authorities, who at that date
scented something in the nature Of war
not far ahead, also asked me to drill
them, but separately from the Italians;
and l soon found that the two strains of
blood would not mix, even in mimic war:
but those Austrians were simply plod-
ders and bungIers-th they had nothing
soldierly about them. Reading of Aus
trian breaks and reverses in the present
war has brought tony mind very forcibly
their natural i..aptitude for military
service.
Francis Joseph, the aged Emperor of
Austria Hungary, having been on the
throne of Austria since 1848, and Emperor
by the consent of Hungary since 1867, de-
scended from the ancient house of Haps-
burg, named from the castle of Hapsburg
in Switzerland. The first of the line to
win celebrity was Rudolph, who was
elected emperor of Germany in 1878,
obtaining Austria by conquest, and
founding the reigning dynasty.
To us the most inspiring character in
the dual Monarchy was Louis Kossuth of
Hungary. For offending against the
despotic policy Of Austria he was i'm
prisoned three years, 1837-40. The
Hungarian Diet refused to grant sup
plies and so forced his liberation. He
then edited paper at Pesth, called "the
.Pesti- Herlap." Its tone was liberal,
out not radical. He was elected to the
Diet in 1847, and won high reputation
as an orator. In March, 1848, the Diet
adopted one of his measures, calling for
the appointment of Hungarian ministry,
a pledge of constitutional reforms. Kos
suth and others were sent to the Emperor
and obtained his assent. Kossuth induced
the Diet to vote the equality of all civil
rights for all classes, including suffrage.
Instructions then broke out among the
Croatians and Servians, Slave popula-
tons in Hungary, In opposition to the
Magyar party. Village massacres follow
ed, openly sanctioned by the Austrian
court. Kossuth believed the time ripe
to defend the popular cause in Hungary
4. II.