davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-25
No. 25-Prlde and Prosperity

~. E0-TIIue anu Prosperity
"A wife must not be ex-
travagant, nor a husband
penurious. Let her help
him to save his money!
Justice Greenbaum of New
York.
Some people have the ability
to save only when they do it
in order to spend at once to
satisfy their pride or self-in-
diligence, which is little better
than not saving at all.
Their economy brings them
no nearer the goal of prosperity
and an independent income.
They simply save and scrape|
in order to indulge in new and
more expensive %luxuries, or to
keep up with others. and in
consequence never build up a
reserve upon which to draw in
future days of need.
An editorial writer in a Des
Moines newspaper utters this
plaint:.
The problem of educating
children, maintaining their
health, meeting the cost of liv-
ing and keeping up insurance,
on ordinary wages, is one
which is not easy of solution
and every man OF 45 who has
not a competence is not always
at fault, 10y any means. The
world would be indefinitely
better off, economically, if it
were not SO hard for men who
are not extravagant to make a
mere living for their families
There is truth in what this
writer says. But we believe
wonders can be accomplished
by the right kind of co-opera-
ton in the home-between man
and wife at the start, and later
between children and parents.
There is something to. be
said also in favor of swallow
ing pride, not trying forever to
keep up either with 'Lizzie'
or the "Joneses' and making
a really serious effort to save
systematically to provide for a
future capital of worth while
proportions.
1t is often found that people
can save when they have to do
so. The war in Europe is prov
ing this. According to a cor
respondent, boys attending
Berlin training schools are now
learning these ten command
nents of thrift:
l.. Everybody must save, for
only if everybody saves will
Germany's supplies hold out.
2. Waste no food, not even
the most uninportant.
3. Take time for eating, and
chew thoroughly.
4. Avoid eating between
meals.
5. Eat rye instead of wheat
bread, and be economical with
bread.
6 Be economical with butter,
and eat cheese, fruit sauces and
marmalade instead of butter.
Z. Eat abundantly of fresh
vegetables so as to save meat,
fats and bread.
8. AT table call for potatoes
in the skins.
9. Buy chocolate and sweets
and send to the soldiers at the
front-we can gladly dispense
with these things. n
10. In all that YOU do, re-
member that you can contri-
butte your modest share towards
helping create the new Father
land that we are all hoping for.
Practice self.sacrificea and work.
The poor children of London
are being taught to mend their
own shoes. This is a part of
the program of thrift adopted
by the British authorities as a
result of the war.
Time and time again, it has
been proved that necessity is
the mother of invention. Per-
haps if the discouraged Iowa
editor felt that he absolutely
must save he would be able to
do it.
The First National
Bank
~ n>4->~
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-25

Mrs. Erick Noun and little
daughter are visiting relatives
in Grand Forks.
Sparks World Famous shows
will exhibit at Willow City on
Tuesday, July 9th.
Mr.. and Mrs. O. c. Thomas
are enjoying a visit from Mr..
Thomas's two little sons, who
arrived yesterday.
We are authorized to an
nounCe that a term of district
court will convene in this city
on July IL, at eight o'clock.
Marriage license were issued
this week as follows:
Charles F. Adams and Miss
Ethel May Dixon, both of Lans-
ford.
To liver Gravseth and Miss
Berndina A. Walland, both of
Souris.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-25

AOl q I1OlAItlS WISH OIl VIC SOoSl
w. S. Todd, the hotel man at
Lansford was in the city We'd
nesday.
Large, small and medium
hats on sale at the OliViere
Hat Shop.
J. w. Scheer is very i'll with
a bad attack of his old enemy,
rheumatism.
Mrs. p. l. Eide visited with
friends up the line several
days this week.
Mrs. Geo. Horel arrived on
Wednesday on business and is
visiting friends.
Mrs. Ole Hendrickson visit
ed with friends up the line the
first of the week.
Maxwell roadster, 16-horse-
power. Fine condition 1929.
G.. r.. Gleason.
Mrs. +. Diment and little
son came down from Westhope
yesterday for a short visit with
friends.
FOR SALE--I have just e
ceived a carload of bailed hay.
Inquire at Ohmart's Feed
Store. (44-tf)
Mrs. ]. G. Schuchard of
Overly arrived Wednesday for
a visit at the John w. Scheer
home north of the city.
Misses Maisie and Bertha
Dickinson left yesterday for
Barnard, Mont, where Miss
Maisie expects to file on land
and Miss Bertha will visit.
Joe Alexander, former Better
Farming agent for Bottineau
county, now located at Fargo,
arrived Tuesday evening and
is enjoying a visit with friends.
LOST-A disc off potato
planter between Ohmart's store
and 20 rods west of Emmett
A,nsbaugh's residence. Finder
return to Ohnart's feed store.
G. A. Kirkebv and family of
Souris went through here on
Wednesday on their way to
minneapolis and Iowa, where
they will visit for several
weeks.
Mr.. and Mrs. NJ. b. Sherrick
of Coleraine, Minnesota, arriv-
ed the latter part of the week
for a vacation visit at the home
of Mrs. Sherrick's parents, Mr..
and Mrs. G. w. Beyers.
Mrs. Mabel Cook left Wed,
nesday after a pleasant visit
with friends in this city. From
here Mrs. Cook went to Lu-
verne, to visit with her sister,
Mrs. Elmer Daley, formerly OF
this city.
Mrs F. G.. Falkenstein and
daughters, Helen and Eliza,
beth and little son George left
Saturday for a visit with Mrs.
Falkenstein's parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. J. Burchard, at Arcata,
California.
Mrs, c.. H. Dale returned
Wednesday evening r III
Grand Forks where she was
called by the illness of her
sister. Mrs. Dale was accom-.
panied home by her niece, little
Miss Peterson.
DR.. Fielder of Boaz, Ala.
who has been visiting at the
home of his son, CIV. Fielder,
left yesterday. DIR. Fielder's
address at the Methodist church
Sunday evening was much en-.
Logged by the large congrega'
ton.
The 3rd of July will be cele'
brated at Omemee in a very
efficient manner. Big program
of ball games, races and sports
of all kinds, besides Christies
Big Hippodrome Shows. The
Bottineau Military band and
ball team will play there on
that date.
A number of the young ladies
who have been the guests OF
Misses Maude Woods, Frances
Cathro and Mildred Mcintosh
at Lake Metigoshe, left yester'
day morning for their respec'
tive homes. More will leave
today and the rest tomorrow
The young ladies all report {
pleasant outing despite the
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-25
WEATHER

observation taken at Botttneau, North
IA ota under the direction of the weather
bureau of the U. s. Department of ARri.
c allure. for week ending June "a 1915.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-25

Readings taken at 7:UU d. III. Maximum
nj minimum temperatures and precipita-
ion are for the twenty-four hours preced-
nH ZOO a. m. of day given.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-25

w. H. Mcintosh President
w. r. Mcintosh, Vice Pres.
F. w. Cathro, Cashier
Jno. T. Neville, p. J.. Scully.
and Everett d. Bower, Assist.
ant Cashiers.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-25

"A wife must not be ex-
travagant, nor a husband
penurious. Let her help
him to save his money!
Justice Greenbaum of New
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19
STEAMER TORPED0ED
Sevcntv.one Persons Lose Their Lives
in Attack upon Ship

In Attack upon oHIP
Paris, Oct. lJ-Seventy' one per-
, sons lost their lives when the French
steamship Admiral Hamelin was tor
pedoed and sunk by submarine.
A dispatch to the Havas Agency
from Marseille which brings this news
does not specify whether the victims
were passengers or members OF the
crews.
The Admiral Hameln was under
government requisition. According tC
the Petit Journal correspondent she
vas torpedoed by an Austrian subma-
'ine without notice, and while the
passengers and crew were being trans
ferred to the boats the submarine BON
barred the steamer, which was struck
~ 40 shells.
The captain Of the submarine as
serted as justification of his attack
that the steamer was armed, but
his is denied by the correspondent.
The sound of firing drew z French
orpedoboat and an English hospita!
ship to the spot. and the wounded and
many fugitives were taken aboard by
heSc vessels. The submarine fled at
hoIr ,nnroorh
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19
MARTHA WASHlNGTON'S WILL

Martha Washington's will, stolen
~ Northern soldier during the civi'
var and found in the collection of the
ate J. p. Morgan, was restored to
IS place among the county archives
1t Fairfax Courthouse, yesterday.
John Garland Pollard, attorney
General of Virginia, represented Gov.
Stuart at exercises which acc0mpani
ID restoration of the will. In ad
jress Mr.. Pollard told of the his
ory Of the will. Franklin Williams
Hartman Of the board of supervisor:
If Fairfax County. made the res
Ionse to Mr.. Pollard's speech. Gthe'
;peakers were John s. Barbour anC
c. Vernon Ford, attorneys for the
ounty and State. in their efforts t.
nave the will returned.
\ short time before the exercise.
he United States Supreme Court, az
he request of Mr.. Pollard, diSmissc,
proceedings against J. P. Morgan
complete the return Of the will. Mr.
Morgan returned the will shortly be
ore the expiration of his answer tC
the suit. Mr.. Pollard exhibited the
will in the Supreme Court before tn,
court met.
The will, written on six pages O.
ioolscap parchment. brown with age
5 neatly bound in morocco and kept
n a red morocco cover. The cost O!
Dindin and the cover was defrayeG
W Mr.. Morgan when he bought tht
document.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

A series Of collisions between d
limited States oil collier, Norwegian
tramp steamer, tug1oats and barges
in the lower Norfolk harbor shortly
after s o'clock yesterday morning,
damaged the naval collier Arethust
TO the extent Of several thousand dol
lars stove a large hole in the stern
Of the Norwegian steamer Hesperos,
which will necessitate repairs at a
shipvard before she can proceed to
sea. and left the barge EmeIie s' a
sinking condition with her bow badly
crumpled. There was no loss Of life
and none of the officers or crews OF
the damaged vessels was injured.
The Hesperos, after taking on car,
90 of coal at Lamberts Point dropped
down stream few minutes before
o'clock with the intention of loading
dynamite for a South American port
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19
NEARLY STUFFED TO DEATH

Chester. Pa. Oct. l9--Thomas Lam
ahan, aged 7, went chestnutting with
a party of boy companions one day
last week. and so stuffed himself with
them that he could not eat another.
When the youngsters reached the
city Lanahan collapsed, was taxed to
4 drug store and then to the Chester
Hospital. where the physician had to
use a stomach pump to get The chest
nuts out of Tommy. For a time II
seemed he would die, but it is now
thought he will live.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19
WOULD CONSCRIPT WOMEN
Mrs. Blatch Believes in Compulsory
Military Service for both Sexes

New York. Oct. 19-Mrs. Harriet
Stanton Blatch believes in compulsory
military service for both men and wo-
men. She said so when she returned
on the American Liner Philadelphia
after having beer in France two
months in connection with her hus-
bands estate. and having visited thc
hospitals in both France and Eng,
land.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

John R. Palandech, Serbian leader
and editor. addressing a meeting of
Serbians, in Chicago. yesterday, de-
clared that an army of 100000 Ser
bian women. equal in number to the
entire Serbian regular army. would
soon be on the firing line against the
German and Austrian forces. "Many
Serbian women have been killed fight
ing at the front" said Palandech.
E!No women in the world are more
courageous. and they are not going
to sit at home and see their fathers
husbands and brothers driven out cf
Serbia"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19
PLEASED WITH
THEIR ATTITUDE
Expect Senators Martin and
Swanson to Vote for
Amendment
WOMEN'S STATEMENT
Satisfied by Declarations Recently
Made in Richmond That They Will
Line Up.

Washington, Oct. 49, In an en-
tended statement issued by the Con-
pressional Union for Woman's Suft-
rage, national organization of the
woman's party, expressed its satisfac-
tion with the attitude of Senators
Martin and Swanson, of Virginia to-
ward the proposed amendment to ell
franchise women.
While the two Senators are not alb
solutely claimed by the women, it is
lear that they expect the Virglnlans
to line up with them when the fight
ZONES in the next Congress for this
amendment. To-day's statement IS,
IN part ,as follows:
"Congressional Union leaders are
very much pleased and encouraged
With the attitude of Senator's Mar
lin and Swanson. of Virginia, toward
he proposed Federal amendment to
anfranchise women, and recent re-
marks by Chief Justice Clark. Of the
Supreme Court bench Of North Car
Dina.
"WY1rkers for the union in Virginia
we're greatly cheered by Senator Mar
ir. one Of the influential men in the
senate. when he told deputation Of
suffragists among his constituents
nat he does rot consider the rat.1na'
suffrage amendment an invasion o..
States rights.
"Senators Martin and Swanson list
4ncd attertively to large dclcga-
ion of women in Murphy's Hotel, at
Richmond, last week. They promised
% give the Susan B. Anthony amend
nent their most careful and earnest
consideration.
:Miss Stevens called attention to
he fact that she had heard that the
Senator's from Virginia had announc-
,d that they would vote for the ma
tional prohibition amendment when
it comes up in the Senate. She con
ended that such an amendment W.
ne more intimate and definite III
reference on the part of the Federal
government than the suffrage amend
ment. and be prohibitive and COM
Dulsory. The woman suffrage
amendment would not prohibit or
compel any one. 1t merely allows
she argued, those women who wish
To do so to express themselves nol!'
tically"
When shown the statement the suf.
fraecttes had given out. Senator
Martin said: "T told the ladies who
called upon me that I would give tho
most careful consideration to what
they had to say. With respect to the
proposed amendment being an inva,
sion Of States right. I merely oh,
served that the States had a right
InGer the Constitution itself to amend
that instrument. Such an amendment
would he no invasion of States rights
= the States themselves chose to sur.
render any rights they may now have
Under the Constitution. That is al
had intended to convey in ny re
marks"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19
Escape in Lifeboats Insult
1icient for Persons on !.
Doomed Ships
WORDING OF THE NOTE
United States Signifies Willingness
to Arbitrate Under the Hague Ar
bitratiOn Convention.

Washington, Oct. REHABILITATION
of the text of the latest note sent by
the United States to Germany in the
case of the American ship William P.
Frye, reveals that the United States
does not regard San opportunity to
escape in lifeboats" rs sufficient SAT-
ETY. for passengers and crew of any
American vessel destroyed when car
rying contraband, In the note, which
is dated October y, Secretary Lam
sing expressed satisfaction that Ger
many agreed to the American pro-
posal for a joint commission of en-
perts to fix damages for the loss of
the Frye, sunk by the commerce raid
er Prinz Eitel Friedrich. and concurs
in the suggestion from Berlin, that it
IS not necessary 20 appoint an UNI
pire in advance.
In agreeing 70 submit to arbitration
differences which have arisen over the
Interpretation of the Prussian-Ameri-
can treaty Of 1928, the United States
places on record its understanding
that no rights are waiTed in the m
rerval. Germany already has given
assurances that pending arbitration
ships carrying conditional con-
traband will not be molested, bl:t,
since practically every commodity of.
Importance has been made absolute
conasband. the value Of the assur.
ances is regarded by officials as com
paratively small.
The United States holds that the
treaty of 1923 does rot permit the
destruction. under any circumstances.
of American vessels carrying contra
band of any charact.r, and in its note
insists that, while the arbitration pro-
ceedings are iii progress, more Sc
curity than is afforded in lifeboats
should be given to passengers and
crews on American ~essels which the
German naval commanders may deem
it necessary to destroy for carriage
of absolute contrabanG.
"Without admitting that the Dec!a-
ration Of London is in force" says the
note, ''anG on the understanding that
the requirement in Article 80 Of the
Declaration that before the vessel IS
destroyed all person on board must
he placed in safety is not satisfied by
merely giving them an opportunity to
escape in lifeboats. the Government Of
the United States is willing. pending
the arbitral award in this case, to
accept the Declaration Of London as
the rule governing the conduct Of the
German Government in relation to the
treatment Of American vessels carry
ing cargoes Of absolute contraband." :"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19
LIEUTENANT RESIGNS

George r. Gaines, first lieutenant
of Company G. First Regiment, Vir-
ginia infantry, locally known as the
Alexandria Light Infantry, has resig,
ned, and Governor Stuart has in
structed Capt. W. NJ. King to order
meeting OF the command within the
next 30 days to elect successor.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

King Victor rmmanuel'S contempt
for danger, says dispatch from
Rome, is the source of one of Gen.
Cadorna's greatest anxieties. Recent
" the king stood watching a battery
in action on the Carso front, when 4
hostile aeroplane few right over him,
His staff begged him to move, but he
refused. Two Italian aeroplanes. mean
while, gave chase to the enemy. which
fe w back toward his own lines. drop
ping a series of bombs, one Of which
fell close to the king.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19
Fall of Strumitza and Land
ing at Enos Cause Di-
vision of Forces
DEDEAGHATCH NEXT
Warships or Port and Blow Prepar-
inc That May Cause Turkey to
Crumble to Pieces.

London, Oct. 19.-The reports that
the allies have occupied St!umtza
and landed at Enos, which was re-
Gently transferred from Turkish t"
Bulgarian rule, has caused a more
optimistic feeling throughout the al
lied countries.
AS to the progress OF the Neai
Eastern campaign, it is known
through both Servian and German &C
counts that Field Marshal Won Mack
ensen's army is meeting with greater
resistance than was expected, and,
although it is probable that the Ser
vians eventually must fall back on
stronger strategic positions in the
north, the fact that the allies are
bringing heavy forces against tha
BuIcarians. and so placing them that
the Bulgarians will he compelled TO
divide their armies, gives rope here
that the Germans may be baked III
3heir latest attempt to reach the sen
and bring assistance to the Turks.
Ali along the line the Scrvians and
their Montcnegrin ncighhors, who al
so are being attacked, are offering
very S'"'p'''' '',''',r..I -: w. ama
''"-''et '''""' ''''. oe
while they have given up number OF
towns ana p"H'I'o''S my '',,
reached the Inc on "H'e'' '-'eS F'-s''' .
TO maze ihc'r "I"'"'
ne H"'&''f'"''S. >" '''' -
learned. nave maze prog 1893 u'"S n. "
the A'"'"N'!'SN,, "''I'' ~ v.o
q M"FaVa. h"F'H o.! '''' .""'' 49,,
porl that they cut NE fa'!""E III s''''
district. the nf'o&e W!''c" '',e| ="
Stroyed beng Il S'''"i' "'""eL' WV
There Is n" continuation - ,"e ,.,
nEa' WhcFe .tHcN wv" I'- s.
rear the railway. ,'e ''",S'"''.
wtnch Pe"e'F''eo ''' '''''' '' ~
large one. :.
On the o'ner manu- 1t - Po'"'.c s,
the capture OF o'r"''''~' -
strategic value as us '''"l'"','. ,, pr ,,I
mltS 'he "''e''>' y, .,..I. '" .ho p,,I-
Of the railway al" ''''pe,o Wv r,os
GarlanS TO keep i 'o''e '"'
too IS "i Va'ue' as '.''' ..,nat;on
good landing P'"'e' H. ~ Ls.
threatens .'e0caG'''.''', ,.c1 ",,', ,,, win
great m''"'' -: '':'' = .a,,,,,n.;n,, bos ,l-
ca. me 'LN'',"' P''','''', L;,, :. ,,
reaHE .e'' ''I.",, ,,S1@ - tbo military,
tirelH III '"e '''',.,''
"'',e' VIC, '''''' e,.r,,,, ;t., NV tbe n.
>. 'i,,;a, 81 cro,+ Pritoin France
''e,' ''''.o'' y. o,,,.,,,oa nv , disn,trh
'.''' ~ $780,. ''' " ,,.h;.h ,dJs tb,t II 20 NJ
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

Carrie Motley, q year ole girl,
who for the past year had been in il!
health, and who had striven to keel:
her widowed mother and several sis
ters, fired a bullet into her breast
in Danville yesterday, morning, in a
fit Of despondency, but failed to kill
herself. A bone DETECTED the bal
and it made only flesh wound.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

Deputy United States Collector
Wood has brought the news to Lynch
burg of the death by drowning III
Staunton River, Friday, OF W. d.
Elliott. a mddle-aged farmer. who
was attempting to remove an met
still of 157 gallons capacity in row
boat near Seneca, Campbell county
when several revenue officers were
searching for him. Deputy Cpi!ector
Wood said that Elliott was an oId
offender and he had experienr rcd sew
eral "runs'' with him. Elliott was
engaged in pushing the boat across
the stream with pole, when the sup
port upon whic he was resting $ Up
ped and precipitated him into the
water
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

It is said that the Turkish fleet no
longer exists. The Hsmidieh IS the on
ly cruiser remaining. Nearly Ihe
whole Turkish merchant fleet has been
destroyed by the allies submarines.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

The Grand Camp of Confederate
Veterans Of the State met today in
Fredericksburg. Efforts will be made
bv the District of Columbia delcga-
ton to have the 1917 encampment
held in Washington. Richmond al
ready has been chosen as the place
for the 1916 encampment.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

Wilsy H. Wootten. a well-known
citizen of the old Eightfoot copper
mine at Bumpass Bridge near .Arvonia
was precipitated to the bottom of
the shaft a distance of 45 feet and
was so terHbly injured that he died.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

Five persons were burned to death
and three injured in a fire IN ilVe-
story Third avenue tenement mousse on
the upper East Side of New York,
Sunday.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

The explosion Of can of oil in the
hands of Mrs. William Gustman caus-
cd her death in her home in Clifton
Forge yesterday, Mrs. Gustman was
in the act of starting a fire in the
kitchen steve when SIZE met her death
With her clothing afre she hid her
self in a closet and it was some time
before she was foUn;-
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

Three men were killed outright and
three injured in an automobile smash
near Bryant avenue in the Bronx,
New York, yesterday. The car that
was wrecked contained eight men and
was speeding up Boston road when
it struck pillar near the l71th ST..
subway.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

Damage totaling probably hundreds
of thousands of dollars. resulted SAT
urday night and Sunday from torren-
tial rains which swept North Texas
and South Oklahoma,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1915-10-19

Sir Edward Carson, attorney gen
eral. has resigned from the British
cabinet. The resignation of Sir Ed
ward Carson, the first open NANTES
tation of the divergence of views
known to exist among the ministers
is the result, according to an authori-
tative statement not of the controv.
ersy over conscription, but of the con-
dition of affairs in the Near East.