davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-04-18
NATIONAL BOWLING TOURNEY
Aurania Team of New York Wins
Five-Man Event with 1898 Pins.

NEW YORK, April 17.-Through a
desire to accommodate several belated
bowlers the annual championship tour
nament of the National Bowling Asso-
citation will not be finished until to-
morrow. although the five-man fixture
was completed today. The Aurania
Bowling Club of this city won the
coveted title when the last squads of
five-man teams failed to beat the rec
ord set by the winners, at 2,993. Fol-
lowing is the standing of the five lead
ers in each event TO date:
Sngles-George Newman. New York 675:
Frank Kramer. New York. 657; Howard f.
Chickering. New York. s4s: Leo c. Lucke. Brook
lyn. $50: T eodore Smith. Philadelphia. 6:,s.
Doubes-Walter and Smith. Rutherford. y.
J.. 1882: G. and z. Spinella. Brooklyn. 1915:
Wilson and Dunbar. New York, 1206: Horton
and Riddell. New York. 1.2O2; Klingehoffrr and
Clute, New York, 200.
Five man-Aurania. New York. 2,9a3 Atlantic,
Brooklyn. 2.91I; Rnsedale. New York. 2.9l7:
Metropolitan. New York, 2,916; Mancto Phila-
delphia, 2,S79.
Evening star., 1915-04-18
COMMERCIAL VICTOR
Wins Championship in Com
merciaI Alleys League.
LEADS IN THE RECORDS
Holds Marks for Team Set and Team
Game-Averages of
Players.

The Commercial team wins the
championship in the Commercial Alleys
League, finishing ahead with a margin
of five contests They beat out the
Giants, runners-up. rather easily.
Commercial players starred in the
matter of records. Miller and James OF
that team having high average ana
high game. and they have to their
credit the high team set and high team
game.
The standing of the teams and aver
ages follow:
Evening star., 1915-04-18
WIN BY TWO GAMES
AItamonts Get Pennant in
Southwestern Circuit.
VIRGINlAS ARE SECOND
Champions Take SO Contests and
Drop rs During the
Season.

The AItamonts won the title in the
Southwestern Duckpin League by two
games, beating out the runners-up by
that margin. They were victors in
ffty-nine games and were defeated in
twenty-five. The Virginians. who fin
ished second. won fifty-seven contests
and lost twenty-seven.
The standing OF the teams and
averages follow:
Evening star., 1915-04-18
NAVY BEST AT TENNIS.
Makes Clean Sweep Of All Matches
With Dickinson College.

ANNAPOLIS, Md. April 1.-THE ten
mis- players of Dickinson College were no
match for the midshipmen racqueters.
The Navy boys made a clean sweep of
the singles and double strings. The sum-
mary:
Sinrles-Wood, Navy. defeated McKane. Dick
inson 80, 6-2; Waters. Navy, defeated Bray
son, Dickinson, 6-3, 6-3; Randolph, Navy, de-
feated Woodward, Dickson, 6-3, ca, and
sperry, Navy, defeated Hecht, Dickinson, s-6,
60.
Doubles-Stephen and Mclver. Navy. defeated
McKane and Woodward. Dickinson, IS. Ct
and JOY and Haeberle, Navy. defeated Brayson
and Hecht Dickinson, Sc. 81.
Evening star., 1915-04-18
ARMY DEFEATS HARVARD,
Neyland Allows Crimson But One
Hit. Giving West Point Victory.

WEST POINT. n. Y, April 1.-THE
Army men won in easy fashion from
Harvard today. Q to .. Neyland allowed
Harvard only one hit. single, and
had the game well in hand from the
start
1t was the Army pitchers sixteenth
straight victory. He has not been de-
feated since May 1S, 1913, when Walsh
of Fordham bested him in a pitchers
battle. Hobbs timely hitting was q
feature. Score:
R.H.E.
Army o o 2 O o x-s 8 6
II award. ....... o o % - 2
Batteries--Neyland and 0liphaut; Wilcox and
Hart.
Evening star., 1915-04-18
TEXAS LEAGUE,
SOUTHERN LEAGUE,
so1rTH ATLANTIC LEAGUE.
College Games.

Georgetown, IL; University of Maryland, 0
Virginia, =; Catholic University. 2.
Gallaudet. 10; NJ. A. C., II.
Yale. S: Pennsy, 2.
Virginia NJ. l., I: Elon College, 5.
Vanderbilt, l3; Southwestern. j.
Vanderbilt, 4: Southwestern, o.
Brown, 8; Princeton, 3.
Cornell. 8: Rochester, 0.
Fordham, 4; Swarthmore, 2.
Bowdoin, Z; Portland. 6.
North Carolina. 8; Guilford, 1.
Amherst, 8; Holy Cross, 2.
Union, IL; Rutgers, 2.
Wake Forest. I; Trinity, 6.
Georgia. 4; Mississippi, 6.
Richmond. 4; William and Mary, =.
Tufts, 6; Navy, 4.
Johns Hopkins. 2; Washington, /.
Tennessee. 8: Kentucky, I.
Springfield, 8; Wesleyan, 2.
Evening star., 1915-04-18

High individual average-Miller, Commercial.
los -.
mercfal. lO5 %.
High game-James. Commercial. 1ae.
Second high game--Taylor and Ballnger. 146.
High individual se:-James. Commercial. 37s.
Second high individual set-Milovich and Jef-
man. 3I5.
High team set-Commercial $40.
High team game-Commercial. 57I.
Evening star., 1915-04-18
To BOX Freddie Welsh.

COLUMBUS. Ohio. April 1T.-Johnny
Harvey of New York will box twelve
rounds here April % with Freddie
Welsh, worlds lightweight champion. ac-
cording to announcement made here to-
night.
Evening star., 1915-04-18

Dick Cooley has been awarded II fran
chise in the Kansas State League, but
1t 10 not stated which club he will
have.
Evening star., 1915-04-18

Outf1elder Hilley. who had trial with
the Philadelphia Nationals, has been
signed by the Troy club Of tho New
York State LeaENA
Evening star., 1915-04-18
HOLMES STRIKES OUT
81 FOR ST. ALBAN'S

Pitcher Holmes, star twirler for
the st. Adams team, performed
= rather remarkable feat yester-
day. when he struck out twenty
one men in the game his school
played with the Boys Latin
School of baltimore. Holmes
held his opponents safe all the
way, only three hits being regis
tered on his delivery.
st. Adams won the game by
10 to 4.
Evening star., 1915-04-18
SQUEELER'SFEATURE
McBride's Speedy Gelding
First Home.
BEATS ACTON TO WIRE
Montresor and Scallywag Only Fa-
vorites to Win at Havre de
Grace.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
HAVRE DE GRACE, April 17.-First-
class ra cling was provided for the Satur-
day crowd that went to Havre de
Grace this afternoon The public was
not particularly fortunate in picking
winners. only two actual choices get
ting home in front-Montresor in the
third and Scallywag in the last-but
most of the winners were we'll sup
ported. The surprise to the general
public was the victory of GentleWom-
an, Clifford A. Cochran's aptly named
two year-od fly who is by Sain out
of Homespun. GentIewoman opened at
20 to /. but went to the post at to
1. and she won, though at the end Lily
Heavens was pressing her hard
The stake feature was the Penn
which some of the best sprlnters IN
training went TO the post. The faVorlte
was Mramich, horse that ran sec
ond to Ten Point in the Harford hahu-
cap last Thursday. Buxton. however
was responsible for Miramichls de-
feat.
Miramichi showed in his recent race
that he has speed. but Immediately that
the barrier went up BuNton uroppsd
his horse in next the rail. Whlle Squeei-
side and securely pocketed the SlmonS
horse. Turning for home Squeeler and
Acton had Miramichi in dlmcultles oii
the rail, but when they swung woe
Buxton had a chance to come tnlouS ~.
He nreferred, however, to take the
overland route, and this cost the morse
the race, Squeeler just beating nome
Acton. with Miramichi third. kewessa
was off none too well, ana .Housh
showing a better performance than IN
N a
tender
Garth Grabs Steeplechase.
The steeplechase had ten starters,
and it went to William Garths Humli-
ity by a head. Humility was in front
the first turn of the field, where WOOL
tex nassed her. after she had made
had landing at one of the fences. She
trimmed at another but recovered
o,,ickly. In the last half Humility and
Friiolee drew away from the neio anu
the pair had the race oet"eeh .iie
Frijolee might have won with a pet
ter ride, but kohier was more VI :"
handicap than a help.
w. p. Burch we'll known horseman
of Washington whose colors have peen
seen on the American turf 1or tnir.y
wears, took the opening race WIN d
nice looking three-year-q,o 1 ca.ieo III Sor
sican was off flying and kept IN 'front.'
all the way. His hackers did not have
an instant's anxiety.
r. T. wilson's colors showed in front
in the third, when Montresor beat
Gino- a Whitney horse. Montresor ran
counIed with his stablemate, Aldeba-
ran. on whom the stable placed depend
ence, but Aldebaran was not there. and
Montresor had to save the day. Gino.
handsome big horse by HAMBURG. Eu-
III.
GOOD as go to 1 being laid against him,
got away from the post badly, but
closed gradually and was running fast
at the finish.
Joe McCahey won his first mount OF
the year in the last, when Harry MOT
ris' scallywag defeated Progressive
and Royal Meteor.
Jockey Tommy McTaggart left for
Kentucky to join the stable Of his en-
ployer, W. r. MiZZell.
Evening star., 1915-04-18
The Summaries.

*,
Ave and ne-half furlongs-Corsican, 1o7 tT NC
Tagyart. 8 to ., 9 to 8 and to 5. won; Fair
Helen, "a louder, 7 to 2, to 5 and to 2.
second and videt, III Coleman. Is to ], to
1 and 2 to J. third. Time. 1.06 1-5 Araans,
Scorpi, Jem Star of Love, kazana Antiseptic
and Jess. jr., also ran.
Second race selling steeplechase. four year
oids and upward, about two miles-Humiitty, l3s
Frijoles, 40 (w KohIcr). 10 to i, : to | and 2
TO l. second. and Carter, 135 a. Rowan, to
]. even and to 2: third. Time; 4o6 3-5 Wool
Owanux and sMystic Light also ran.
Third race. handicap, three -year-olds and up
ward. five furlones-tMontre<sor. 1os Ural, to
and out. won: Gino, 102 tM. Buxton,. 80 to !,
Is to / and TO ], second. and Belamour 112
IT. Rice, { TO /. 2 to and 10 g. third Time,
100 Is. Brave Cunarder, Head Mast and fAlde-
Fourth race selling three -year-olds and up
ward. FIVE ard one-half furiongs-Squeeler, 1os
IT. McTngsartj. 10 to l. 3 TO ] and even, won :;
Acton. 1os u-ran. to !. TO and to 5.
second. and Miramicbi. 1os Buxton. to 8. 4
TO and TO 5. third. Time, LOG %. Jim
Basey. K!ngly. Boxer. Emerald Gem. Sherwood,
kewatsa and Briar Path also ran.
Fifth race. selling, two yearold maidens, four
furlongs-Gentle Woman. l02 Oily, I TO ], 3 to
l and to s. won; Lilly Heavens. 9s louder,
25 10 ]. 10 TO and TO l. second. and Edith
Olga. 113 ,Falrbrother,. II TO I. to l and ) to
=. third. Time. o.47 40. Bob Redfeld, Ty-
biography, Bro"mstraw. Baseselien, Ataka. Will
Sixth race. fonr-yea r-olds and upward, selling,
six fnriongs -Scaawag. 1O5 tMcCahey}, to ),
4 to 5 and to s. won Progressive, los H. Nc
Taggnrt, u TO l, 5 TO and to 2 second,
and Royal Meteor. 1O5 IT. McTaggart, 10 to /,
: to and 2 to !. third: Time. III 80. The
Louise Tigers, Hudas Brother, EIwah and Cor
don Russell also
.FelI.
Wilson entry
Evening star., 1915-04-18
MINOR LEAGUE RESULTS.
Federal LEAGUE.


Chicago, 4; ST. Louis. /.
Pittsburgh, 4 Kansas City, 1.
Newark 5; baltimore, 1.
Brooklyn, s; Buffalo, 4.
TEXAS LEAGUE,
Dallas, s; Waco, 2.
Houston. 1: San Antonio, 8.
Galveston. 1; Beaumont, 5.
Fort Worth, 4; Shreveport, L.
SOUTHERN LEAGUE.
Memphis, 4; Chattanooga, 1.
New Orleans. 7; Atlanta, 4.
Mobile, 4: Birmingham, 3.
Nashville, I; Little Rock, 3.
SOUTH ATLANTIC LEAGUE.
Charleston. Z; Columbia, /.
Augusta, @; Savannah, 5.
Macon. 6: Columbus, 5.
Evening star., 1915-04-18
How About Those Dull
Safety Razor Blades?

Are y'u going To throw them away:
Don Do II BTin:. them IN to u. We SHARPEN
'hem with aD electric machine, giving them keen
lasting edge Charges very low.
RUDOLPH 4 WE<Sr Co. 1892 y. y ave
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22
ON WITH THE HEARINGS

A GOOD many people doubt
n whether the ordinary legislative
I = hearing on a bill does much
good. Occasionally some in
formation is given. but more often the
statements presented before a COM
mittee charged with consideration OF a
measure breed controversies. Cen
orally they are held so that the basic
principle of square deal may be
lived up to and all who desire TO speak
may be heard. 1t is doubtful If in all
the protracted session of 1918 the
action of a single legislative COM
mittee was determined by the matter
produced at hearing and those held
thus far in the session of 1915 have
been interesting and little more.
However. hearings are a good bit
like measles used 10 be regarded for
rhildhood-somethin which had to be
gone through. The Legislature has
been in session many weeks and it has
not done much. It is confronted with
a popular demand for carrying out Of
pledges. Warm weather and the limit
OF the public patience are approach
ing. Hustle up the hearings-if they
must be held-and get down to the
voting.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22
Dandruffy Heads
Become Hairless

If YOU want plenty of thick, beauti-
full, glossy. silky hair, do by all means
get rid of dandruff. for it will starvc
your hair and ruin it if you don't.
1t doesn't do much good to try to
brush or wash it out The only sure
way to get rid of dandruff is to dis
solve it, then you destroy it entirely.
To do this. get about four ounces Of
ordinary liquid arvon; apply it 1T
night when retiring; use enough to
moisten the scalp and rub it in gently
with the finger tips.
BY morning most. If not all, of your
dandruff will be gone, and three or
four more applications will completely
dissolve and entirely destroy every
single sign and trace of 1t.
You will find, too, that all itching
and digging of the scalp will stop, and
your hair will look and feel a hun
dred times better. You can get liquid
arvon at any drug store. 1t is mex
pensive and four ounces is all you will
need, no matter how much dandruff
you have. This simple remedy never
ails.-AdVertisement.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22
MONDAY EVENING, MARCH ~.
BLUFFTNG THEMSELVES

IF. as commonly rumored about the
Capitol, some people are of the
opinion that Governor Brumbaugh
is blufing in regard TO local option.
they are due for the rudest awakening
that ever came to a man shaken out
OF his bed by an earthquake.
Governor Brumbaugh regards local
option as a pledge and he so regards
1t with all the strength of his four
square character. He rightly consid-
ers that the people elected him to set
1t and he is going after it. The roars,
the rumors. the innuendoes, the sneers
all show that the courageous Governor
Is making headway. Otherwise they
would not be heard.
The folks who think the Governor is
bluffing are blufTing themselves.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22
STORY RITEN'
BY THE MESSENGER RoY

Bein only thirteen year and five
months aged. I'm lible to loose my
job il any of the children labor bills
go thru the legislator. If they make
me go back to skool in the Cameron
buildin, there'll be somethin doin, an
don't you fergit it-some of them
teachers will turn gray headed because
I've Termed lots of tricks since leavin
skool and gettin out on the streets,
an I'm afraid its too late to reform,
not even in correspondence skool.
Child laber bills may be allrite for
them little Willy boys that's too ten
der to walk to Sundy skool in the
rain, but don't you worry about no
messenger boys. either. Postel or
Websters Union-they're all too slick
to be in danger from overwork. Hav-
in job never hurt no one, nohow.
If all the messenger boys is fired
for under-age and big fellows is
hired, won't it look silly? Little boys
is necessary to get around quick and
skweeze into tight places, and 1 don't
know one of EN- that's lost his helth
since goin to work. In fack most of
em get so chesty from bein out of
doors that they have to get their shirts
enlarge after six months.
Now there's Archibald Jones that
lives next door. he needs a child labor
law or he might melt il he karried
sits in the parier twirlin his thums
when he aint round the corner smokin
sigaretts with the gang and tellin
smutty stories. He never did a stroke
of work and won't so long as he can
find law to prevent it. And l know
sevril more that I can lick that would
be a darn site better off for themselves
and their people If they went to work
before they was 4.
If all the paper boys is stopped by
the new law, won't there be some
howIn? Them fellos will miss their
spendin money, and they'll get into
all kinds of devilment when they've
nothin to do. \ little work for kid
before and after skool hours is very
beneflshul and makes enterprisin bus
ness men. Some fellos that's now
shinin lights in the community was
once messenger and newsboys, and
they're proud to say they got their
first boost by goin to work when they
were kids.
The Gov. and the legisters shouldn't
be so hurried in maxim laws that in
terfere too close in the regulashun of
famlys and maxim boys keep away
from gettin jobs that don't harm their
helth. OF course factrys and coal
mines aint good for kids, but jobs out
in the open air don't hurt no one.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22
GARRIsoN.s COURSE

IF Secretary Garrison would forget a
j little OF the red tape OF his depart
i ment and get down TO a practical
working basis there would be less
complaint of conditions in the United
States Army. Consider. for instance.
the Secretary's recent warning to Cen
eral Wood that he cannot be identified
with the movement having for its pur-
pose the raising of an army reserve
from among the men of the country
who have had army experience or
military training. He tells the General
that as an officer in the United States
Army he cannot be permitted to have
any outside connections with organ
izstions seeking to gather data upon
which to base the army reserve plans
and calculations.
One would think from the language
OF the Secretary that General Wood
had been suspected OF acting in con-
junction with some foreign nations
recruiting officers. The people are
lsboring under the delusion that as
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22
FIGURES AND OUR FOOD SUPPLY

- NPERIENCE has demonstrated
~ in the United States government
- end in Ohio and other States
that nothing is more valuable to
a community than the first hand in
formation about its food supply. Pub
1ication of figures on the quantity of
wheat, beef. potatoes or some other
kind OF food at hand has more than
once enabled buyers to know when to
spot the overcharge and it has also
been beneficial to the grower and to
the shipper. Pennsylvania is COM
mencing to go back TO the soil for its
food. More wheat is being planted,
more apples are being grown and more
vegetables marketed than for years,
and the general interest in agriculture
and its allied branches indicates that
the people believe with Governor
Brumbaugh that they can work to free
the State from dependence upon other
parts of the country for food. In this
revival of agriculture. which is going
TO he very noticeable in the next few
years, provision should he made to
obtain first hand figures on the pro-
duction of food and pending legis-
lation with that object can very we'll
have right of way over bills to regu-
late the practice in magistrates courts
or to quiet the title of some real estate
that happens to be in litigation.
The State spends much to obtain fig
ures on its output of iron. steel, coal,
hosiery and cigars. 1t could we'll afford
TO provide some system whereby
county authorities could furnish re-
liable information on what it is going
to have to eat
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22
THE HOUSING QUESTION

X. kAONtCh, city Health Officer.
recognizes that Harrisburg is
face TO face with a housing
problem OF serious proportions
and proposes to deal with it to the
best of his ability. The decision TO
bring to Harrisburg from New York a
housing expert OF national reputation
to make an examination here and to
file report with recommendations
is step in the right direction.
It is a common observation that a
characteristic tendency with the great
development of industry has been the
concentration of population into cit
les, and this situation in Harrisburg
has been aggravated by the crowding
into the already thickly populated
Seventh street section OF the Seventh
ward a large number of people from
the capitol extension zone. With these
changes has come the problem of the
overcrOwding of dwellings and unsani-
tary conditions endangering the health
of the entire community. DIR. Raun-
ick's effort to correct this condition is
ward elsewhere by the adoption of
health regulations on one hand and by
building regulations on the other in
quarters where overcrowding exists,
and to prevent their development in
new buildings and new quarters.
Haphazsrd opening Of new streets
and building sites in rapidly growing
areas and cheap speculative buildings
liable to fall quickly into decay are
likely to lead TO the development of
Objectionable areas and OF houses un-
fit to be human dwellings. such as
existed in some parts of the old Eighth
ward and now happily being blotted
out or existence.
In the larger cities-and Harrisburg
is rapidly forging into that class
the question of cheap and at the same
time sanitary dwellings for working
men OF small earnings has in many
cases become an acute one. The or
binary means OF supply by the erection
OF houses by capitalists for investment
rarely have proved adequate. Ma
tional, State and local housing COM
missions and societies are working
for the promotion of the erection of
workmen's dwellings, and DR.. Raun-
lex is right in line with what is being
done elsewhere.
Most European countries have as the
result of investigation and study
enacted legislation providing for gov
ernment aid in one form or another
for the better housing of working peo-
pie. The method of granting this aid
differs greatly in various countries,
but the form in which the aid is given
may be described in three classes;
building directly for rental or sale,
making loans of public funds and
granting exemption from taxes or fees,
or granting some other form of sub
sidy fo- building associations or
others, as is done in Austria, France.
Germany. Italy, Switzerland, Australia,
New Zealand and in number OF other
countries.
To ne sure, there is no legislation
authorizing extensive movements
along this line in Harrisburg, but the
Health Department is right in en-
desvoring to prevent, so far as is pos
sible. the creation OF slum district
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22
We'll KNOWN pEoPLE

james NJ. HaZlet, the new head
of the Philadelphia board of viewers.
is n former president of council of
that city.
William l.. Wilson. OF Baltimore,
picked as receiver of the German Ma
tional bank of Pittsburgh, has long
been connected with banking.
IS. c. Bunting, a prominent Phila-
delphia insurance man. is asking the
Governor to make some changes in
the compensation bill.
Judge J. F. LaMorelle, OF Phila-
delphia, is an enthusiastic fox
hunter.
-Agnew 7. Dice. of the Reading.
has been spending a short time in
North Carolina.
Major Irving \. Stearns, of
wiIkes-Barr has been spending
March in Georgia.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22

General Wood would be called upon.
in all likelihood. to command the army
of the defense IL war should be de-
clared against us. that information
showing him how he could recruit his
forces by the addition of thousands OF
trained men would be very desirable,
indeed. Evidently. Secretary Garrison
is OF another mind, Instead of en-
couraging the formation of what to
the novice would seem like a very
effective aid in time of trouble. he goes
about throwing cold water on the plan.
Never mind. General Wood. a new
Secretary will be sworn into Office on
March 4, 1917.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22
Terrifying When Child
WakenS With Group

When your child suddenly wakes with
a terrifying cough, a gasping, choking
struggle TO get Its breath, give Goff's
Cough Syrup at once. The herbal ex-
tracts cut and raise the phlegm: clear
the stopped up wind pipe and make
breathing easy. Hundreds of. mothers
have stopped Group in is minutes with
this reliable remedy. Use Goff's to pre-
vent Group and Whooping Cough; it
may save your child severe Illness. Con-
.ains no opiates. Guaranteed by Grocers
and Druggists. 25 and soc. Get 1t today.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-03-22

in the city. Harrisburg cannot afford
to have the new Capitol Park extension
development at the expense of housing
conditions in the Seventh ward and
there is no reason that this should re-
suit. Popular opinion will not toll
crate the overcrowding of the uptown
district and DR.. Raunick will have the
support of all good thinking people
in the movement he has undertaken.