davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-08-12

pains to find out where the trouble was and
see that it was remedied.
Just so, when the people of backward
district come to learn what it takes in the
way of grade of certificates, building and
grounds, system of heating and ventla-
ton, library, globe, maps, and other equip
ment to make standard school, and espec-
tally when they find their neighbors in the
next district have school coming within
this definition, they, too, will insist on hav-
ing one. If to the knowledge of the require
ments and to the spirit of neighborhood
pride can be added a small bonus from the
state, the results are more striking still
The system of rural school standardized
ton has been worked out more satisfactorily
and more completely in Illinois than any
where else. There the state recognizes two
classes of country schools, STANDARD" and
superior" The requirements of each class
are set forth in pamphlet published by the
State Department of Public Instruction, and
two rural school supervisors connected with
the department spend their entire time con-
ferring with county superintendent, visiting
schools with them, and through them pass
ing upon the claims of schools asking for
approval Each school receiving recognition
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-08-12

ter agricultural processes, according to a
bulletin prepared by George X. Holmes, OF
the United States Bureau of Crop Estimates
Mr. Holmes says: "In the United States
on the average in every three families one
is devoted to agriculture. To what extent
a back-to-the-lan movement is needed for
economic reasons and to increase the food
supply has been much discussed in these
recent years of high food prices. The move
ment from the farms is popularity deplored
and regarded as a national calamity, and the
contrary aspect of the matter has hardly
been noticed This contrary aspect is
presented by recent writer
"The movement back to the land, such as
it is, has an aspect outside of the field OF
agriculture, as the foregoing analysis amply
shows. This aspect is composed of the
effects on the individuals who participate in
the movement These effects are economic
and relate also to health, recreation, pleasure,
and the elements of what we call living,
which are not exclusively economic. From
these points of view alone encouragement of
the movement can offer justification.
con the other hand, from the point of view
of national self-efficiency in agricultural
production, the fact still is that the national
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-08-12

is furnished by the state superintendent,
through the county superintendent, with a
metal name plate bearing the legend "Stan-
dard School" or Superior School" as the
case may be, and this plate is placed above
the front door of the school house.
Just as was the case with consolidation
in Indiana a map of Illinois showing the
STANDARD" and Superior schools of that
state reveals the fact, that the desire for
standardization is contagious, and that the
movement is spreading most rapidly where
its results are best known.
The education of our children should be
our first consideration, not alone for their
good, but for the common good of our COM
mon country. Love and patriotism alike,
therefore, demand that we subordinate our
sel6shness, dismiss our prejudices and for
get our differences i'll promoting the cause
of better schools through every agency at
Our command. May we not do SO, as we
have never done before and we shall be hap
pier for the effort and Kansas will be better
for the results.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-08-12

surplus of this production is enormous. In
addition to cotton, which is half of the value
of this surplus, the numerous products which
are in excess of the requirements of national
consumption contribute half billion dollars
annually to the value of exports, and grain
and grain products and meat and meat
products still present enormous totals and
remain the second and third general classes
of exports in order of value.
"The problem of maintaining the national
agricultural production at the least no lower
than sufficient for generous national con
sumption does not yet depend on the exodus
to agriculture of a population of low
efficiency from cities and towns for the
reason that the nation still possesses large
reserve in its present agricultural popula-
ton The real problem in its practical form
is the holding Of this reserve on the soil or.
at the least, the prevention of its depletion
below the point of national requirements
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-08-12
In Reserve.

Parson Wilder who had small church
in little western town, was about to go
away for two weeks vacation. The Sun
day before he started he announced from
the pulpit:
"The preacher for next Sunday will be
Mr.. Judson, and the one for the Sunday fol-
lowing you will find hanging UP behind the
door on the other side of the vestry."
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-08-12

The agricultural population is diminish
ing fraction of the total population in nearly
all industrial countries for the reason that
agricultural labor is made more and more
efficient by the use of machines and by bet
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1915-08-12


with the country school program already
crowded with the necessary classes in read
ing, writing, arithmetic, grammar geogra-
ply and history, there is no room for manual
training, domestic science, domestic art or
any other industrial work Consolidation,
however, makes these subjects not only
possible, but entirely practicable. In fact
they are part of practically every consoli-
dated school curriculum. In addition, con-
solidation should mean high-school privi-
leges for the boys and girls of the commu-
nifty. Thus those who could not afford to go
away for it could get hgh-schoo edu-
cation at their doors; those who could go
away save the expense of doing So and all
are constantly under parental care and home
influence.
1t is curious fact, too, that the transpor-
tation of pupils, though one of the alleged
objections most persistenty urged against
consolidation becomes wherever tried one
of the advantages most warmly commended.
Proof of Pudding in the Eating.
Indeed, nowhere is there better exempl-
hcation OF the old adage, that there is no
proof of the pudding like the eating of it.
than is furnished by consolidated schools
wherever found. Kansas now has eighty
such schools and not one of the communi-
ties in which they exist would consider for
a moment proposition to abandon the plan
and go back to the old conditions During
the past year the writer has dedicated two
beautiful modern consolidated buildings,
and there is constant inquiry and interest.
But just as consolidation is most popu-
lar in the communities where it has been
tried, so is it spreading most rapidly in the
states where there are the most CONSOLE
dated schools Indiana leads the United
States in consolidation and Montgomery
county leads all the counties in that state,
her history in this respect being significant
In 1901 there were 149 one-room schools in
the county. Now there are &C. In thirteen
years one hundred and twenty-three dis
tricts have been abandoned and their ter
ritory formed into twenty-five consolidated
schools AS result only fifteen per cent of
the country boys and girls in the county
any longer go to the old-fashioned country
school, AS corollary to this, as convincing
proof of the feasibility and desirability of
also stands the record of
Montgomery county, showing that for
three years in succession, she has held the
banner in the state for regularity and punct-
uaity of attendance in her schools l
There is no proof of the advantages OF
like consolidation itself.
But in sparsely settled sections consolida-
ton is not practicable, and in many other !:
localities it will not come for many years.
Therefore, with the authority and means
provided by the last legislature the state G
department. of education has begun plans for 6
he Standardization of one-room schools
What Standardization Means 8
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-04-22

CITY OFFICIAL IN ATTACK ON
STREET CAR COMPANIES
"They want to steal the streets.
The nerve of brass monkey is moth
ing when you look at the nerve of
the men who control the street rail-
ways of Chicago. 1 am pleased with
the decision of Judge Hopkins"
George L. Reker, assistant cor
poration counsel, thus commented on
$1,000 fine Judge Hopkins placed
on the street car companies. The
case now goes to the supreme court.
Reker argued: City council year
ago ordered more cars put on Kedzie
av., south of 47th St Hundreds of
people delayed because many cars
stop at 47th and turn back. Figures
of R. F. Kicker, public service de-
partment traction expert, showed it
would cost companies 10 cents a
mile or $500 a day to give service
asked.
For companies Atty B. F. Richol-
son said council order had no pentlay
tackled on and so not proper" Re-
ker replied 1907 traction ordinances
give city power to penalize.
Nine more cases like this one are
being pushed by Reker.
Better routing, more cars and more
seats in cars asked in petition of Cook
County Real Estate Board to state
utilities commission. Want commits
sion to order companies to bring in
plans in 80 days.
A comprehensive subway would
cost a billion dollars and need 9,0OO,-
900 people living in Chicago to make
it pay. A dinky subway would be IAN
unjust discrimination in favor of the
districts served at the expense of
those not served" it is stated.
Bucharest - Danube is rising at
alarming rate in departments of Fob
70 lilo oO6 T11pno EIDtirn villa OnC hauo
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-04-22
HEARST NEWSBOYS STRIKE
AND ARE SUCCEED
STRIKE

After fight in the alley in the rear
of the Hearst bldg. last night, in
which a large number of boys were
slugged, forty boot jackers'- boys
who sell the early edition of the Ex-
aminer-walked out on a strike.
Late yesterday afternoon they held
a meeting in the Sheet Metal Work
ers' hall, 1876 w. Washington ST., and
organized union which they named
the Midnight Newsboys' assn. They
voted to strike Immediately in an eff
fort to obtain their demands, which
are So a week minimum wage and
that they be allowed to return papers
they did not sell.
They attempted to present their de-
mands to Fred Lawrence, managing
editor of the Examiner, last night.
He was not in his office. Neither was
his brother, Andy, who publishes the
paper for Hearst. Hearing this they
decided to postpone the strike and
want down in the alley to work. A
gang of wagon drivers and sluggers
met them. Several had attended the
meeting in the afternoon and they
pointed out the boys who were pres
ent.
In the fight which followed several
boys were badly beaten up. The boys
are all young, few being older than
20 All of the sluggers are huskies
and several had brass knuckles.
The bows work from 10 o. m. on I'D
to or a. m.
While waiting for the papers to
come out the boys sit in Everybody's
restaurant, on the first floor of the
Hearst bldg. Few of them have
homes. If they earn enough they
sleep in scent "fops" and eat "cof-
fee and" Every night some of them
fall asleep in the restaurant. Tues
day night George Nash, circulation
manager and brother of the defeated
alderman, threatened to arrest any
how he found Sleeninp there again
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-04-22

The Examiner once paid the boys
so cents night. They stopped do
ing this when the other papers agreed
not to publish early editions.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-04-22

Bucharest - Danube is rising at
alarming rate in departments of Fob
raila and Tulcea. Entire villages have
been submerged. Feared there has
been loss Of life
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17
Automobile Good Roads Tax.

The state department of highways
in conjunction with the secretary Of
state, has worked out plan which will
be followed al least in the larger coun.
ties. to expedite the work Of collecting
the automobile good road tax on Jan,
l. with a view Of relieving the owners
OF automobiles. motorcycles, traction
engines and motor trucks ot great
deal OF work in paying this tax and
getting their number tags,
By an act passed by the last iecis.
lature owners " all automobiles. mo.
torcycles. traction engines and motor
trucks must pay q good road tax This
tax goes for maintenance OF roads In
the counties from which collected. The
tax must be paid on Jan /, OF each
year. on any car purchased during the
year, either new or second hand, is
subject 20 this tax for each time It
changes hands
For tha accommodation Ut the own
ers the secretary OF state has agreed
to ship to the county court clerk Of the
larger counties number plates which
can be- delivered to the owners who
can pay the state tax TO the county
court clerk instead u sending IL 10
Nashville and tho number plate will he
delivered by the clerk when The tax IL
paid.
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17
STATE: OFFICE IS
BADLY TANGLED
Or. L. o. etNa, WHO RESIGNED As
As EkToMoLo0IsT. NOW
CLAIMS PLACE.
SAYS PROCTOR Law INVALID
Circuit Judge Matthew'S Of Dayleser
County Holds Divorce Petitions
Can BE Filed Without pree-
ter's Consideration.
Nashville

ANRsaAAN AAAsfs
I, would appear that the position OF
state entomologist is In somewhat Of
tangie Several weeks ago Or, L.
O. Bling the incumbent. sent his resig
nation to Commissioner of Agriculture
Knox Bryson and asked that II be- ac-
cepted not later than Nov. 3. The
resignation was accepted and DIR. q.
N Bentley Of Knoxville appointed TO
I'LL the vacancy occasioned by the res
ignation Of DR. Bling. Or, Bentley had
held the place under former a.nin
lsiration
Dr. Bing, who was recently in the
city, In conversation with Commits
sioner Bryson, declare that he had
withdrawn his resignation ana would
resist being displaced by DR.. Bentley
or anybody else Commissioner Bry'
son insisted that DR. BIng had already
resigned his office and that he had APP
pointed his successor Thus the mat
ter stands.
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17

A little knowledge is 4 Danger
Gus thing, especially on Christ
mas eve. when a kid discovers
his father acting the part OF
Santa Claus.
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17

Judge ThoS. l., Matthews Of tife first
circuit court and Special Judge Harry
A. Luck Of the second circuit court.
both OF Davidson county, have deliy,
cred opinions declaring the divorce
proctor law unconstitutional Tho
hearing on the law came up upon mo-
ton tn the case Of Copeland VS. Cook,
clerk, in which II was sought 20 man
damus the clerk to require him 70 file
the divorce petition Of the complain,
ant without first having the bill served
on tina divorce proctor OF this county
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17
The Christmas Card.

About a hundred years ago the FIRST
Christmas cards were used. These
were printed IN London ard consisted
OF visiting card with the words
"A Merry Christmas, printed en- It.
Later the cards were made with liz.
tie scenery on them and y picture Of
the robin This bird was used be-
caasH ho is called the English Christ.
rias bird. and alsa The Saviors Bird
oa account Of the ola legend regara.
Ink its red breast, From this time
on the cards became more numerous
and Of more varied kinds
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17
Hold Sait For School Money.

The STATES suit involving about
$4,000 against the city Of Memphis
has hc,u temporarily dropped from the
calendar Of the Shelby county chan
Gerry court, part two but will be reset
when the calendar for the court Of
ciyil appeals is out Of the way. This
suit was brought on the relation Of J.
W Brister. now president Of the West
Tennessee State Normal School, when
he was state superintendent TO recoy.
er oSerpayments out OF the state treas
ury.
II was charged that the school cen.
sus WAS padded and that Memphis and
tire rural schools Of Shelby county re-
ceiyed an unjust proportion OF the rev.
ehucs designed for common school use
a similar suit against Shelby coun.
y. involving about 81, 900. is pending
IN the supreme curt. and since the
two suits are based upon virtually the
same statements Of fact. tAe city case
.c'ss not be tried uut;l the other ha>
ceea disposed Of Ia the supreme toart
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17
TENNESSEE STATE sREv,TIrs

The WORK Of improving the streets
Of Greenyille with Aslhalt Is tas; PRO-
crossing
The Chattanooga branch o. the Ma.
tsoAat Jewish Relief Society has sent
q draft Of $500 .or the relief OF the
Jews in the European war zone.
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17

Deputy Warden = l.. Watson and
guards ss@ve drought to Nashville 40
prisoners who are transferred TO the
main prison Among these ~ are
numbered few who have been the
instigators Of petty disturbances al
the mines due to the inability to over
see the men white In the mines II is
thought that the discipline and special
observation viii correct this ana no
further trouble Is expected.
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17
ShorT sut Useful.

The Christmas tree does not live
long, but IT'S short lie is a useful and
beautiful enc.
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17

Mary Rcbarts Rinehart, the Only
woman correspondents who got 10 the
actual fighting front in Europe and
whose writings on the war are filling
many pages OF the magazines. was in
Washington a few days ago in the in.
terests Of her friends and tribal broth
ers, the n!acafee! Indians Mrs Rlne
hart who lives N Pittsburgh. visited
Glacier National park last sur1..-
after her return from Europe and vas
adopted into the n!ack!est tribe. nose
reservation is adjacent to the rark.
In Washington Mrs Rinehart visited
both the president and Secretary Lane
and through the latter was promised
that extra rations would be issued 10
the Black&sst 70 The coming winter.
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17

Az. FOR r,ir4snNt ,fsfffnsa sas know.
For mtns are 50 awfullv little.
Dear Santa Claus. don't YOU sec
And | want. oh. So many playthings,
They won't hold enough for me,
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17
Correspondent Describes Sur
prising War Scene on the
Rim OF World.
RusSlA'S PORT ALL ASTlR
British and French Uniforms sigatad
--Asstetan Prisoners Teii IN Acres
Of Freipht--Pasture Becomes
Great ouay--An DAD LII
tic Town.
BY NikolAl kosLoV.

(Correspondeat Of TIE Chicago Nsvsl
Moscow. Russia. Up on the coast
Of the Arctic ocean. In latitude north
OF Nome. have Just seen the ar
rival Of section OF the Belgian army.
This time last year the world wss
ringing with that gigantic hoax about
Russian army going TO Belgium
Who would have dreamed that by DC.
tober, 1915, an army OF dapper little
FiamAnds and Bruxello.s. conveyed by
British torpedo boat desuoyera, would
sail around the top OF the world and
down the White sea to Russia and that
gian gunners and armored automobile
crews, roaring the "Brabanconhs" and
frescoing Russian transport trains
with Rabelaisian sketches OF yictori'
GUS encounters with the Teuton'
/ found Eyaneh, soldiers and Belgian
airmen and British blueIackets up
there, too. And some hundreds OF
Austrian prisoners doing odd jobs in
the docks.
Scores OF American Autos.
II is quite q Journey to Archangel.
In America train would have got one
there between breakfast and supper.
However, this Is Russia II takes two
days and two nights Among other
trafIic we passed on the sidings was
a long stalled train Of scores OF Ameri.
can automobiles, doing the last lap OF
their Journey from the docks OF Vlad'
.yostok.
Tho freightcar load OF soldiers at
the tail OF II said they had been Ave
weeks on their way,
At vologda ! ,ransshi?ped to the
narrow gauge singletrack line running
400 versts (2G7 miles, due north
through the bleak subarctic tundra,
II was a train with no springs, an in.
cessant and abomnable rafting and
an eerie trick OF huckIumping when.
ever the brakes were applied
No Hurry About Double Tracking.
They are supposed TO be double
tracking their little line, which the
Germans installed, Osnabruck rails
and all. in lS1G-douhle tracking and
standard gaugng il, II is the sole
highway TO the sole open Russian port.
the only channel for the admission OF
munitions apart from NIadivostok.
thousands Of miles east All the for.
eign residents In Russia say that il
should have been double tracked and
broad gagged year ago, at least,
Even now, however. whoever IN re-
sponsible for II seems TO be playing
with Il.
Il wonder" FrenchmRn remarked
The Dickson County herald. (Dickson, Tenn.) 1907-1979, 1915-12-17
INSECTS Militia Companies.

Capt IS y hughes, Jr., o. 'he wal
department. stationed at Nashville as
inspector and instructor Ok militia, is
making . i0a7 az the com pantcs In the
western part of The state.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-05-25
City of Gondolas Could
Not Long Be Defended
from Sudden Raid.
COASTS OF ITALY IN
DANGER OF ATTACK
Austrian Ships, with Base al
Pola, Within Striking Distance
of Northern Adriatic Shores.
tBy cab. TO The Tribur,

London, May 24.-"The Chronicles
naval correspondent writes: The naval
situation which arises out of Italy's
declaration of war is pregnant with
interest and many possibilities. Geo
graphically Austria has many advan-
tages, Italy very few. The port and
dockyard of Pola are very advantage
ously placed at the point Of the Italian
peninsula, and the ships and hotllas
operating from that place, unless held
by a superior force. would be within
easy striking distance of the Italian
shores of the Northern Adriatic. Re
Gently Sebenico has been created into
a naval port. and further south a con-
siderable naval establishment exists at
Bocchi di Cattaro. The whole of the
Dalmatan Islands and the inner chan
nels, moreover, present ideal haunts
for torpedo craft.
"The Italians, on the other hand, are
under geographical disadvantages. The
arsenal at Venice is old and of little
value for modern purposes, and II
Venice were seriously attacked-which
long defended. On the whole of the
coast southwark TO the heel of Italy
there is no harbor of any importance.
though fotilas could be based at
Brndisi and might find bases else
where.
THE Italians are very certain OF
advantages on their long, sandy coast,
and Ancona and some other places are
reputed TO have been dismantled of
Notifications. The principal bases of
the Italian feet are at SpeZia and
Naples. on the western coast, but Ia
ranto, long neglected. has within recent
years received many important addi-
tons TO its naval resources and will
probably be made the chief base OF the
Italian feet.
From this time onward naval forces
and not bases will rule the course OF
events. We may imagine, if Austria
has troops available for adventure,
that diversions might be made against
the Italian coast, supposing she has
command OF the sea. Much more like
ly are Italian operations against the
Austrian coasts. We may expect 20
see some of the islands seized. II is
quite possible that operations may be
undertaken against Trieste. and even
against Pola, though the latter is we'll
fortified
THE Italians have considerable ma
val superiority and they will pre-
sumably have the help of some part
OF the Allied fleet. Notwithstanding
their large shipbuilding programmes,
the Austrians have never succeeded in
overtaking the Italians in this respect"