The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-23

l but it. shall leave no large acct
 hands which had no share in I This recomrnehdation is approved Eby Chairman Frank P. Walsh. and I Commissioners John B. Lennon. Jas. T O'Connel1 and Austin B. Garretson- Four other commissioners assent to the principal of Federal income ] tax, but desire som ething that shall notlexceed 15 per cent of a large for tune.
 of the modern industrial system, 1 which it declares is subverting the principles of constitutional govern l ment.
 I A mere skeleton of this portion of the report, is submitted as follows:
 Unjust Distribution of Wealth.
 The enactment of; an inheritance tax Iso graded that while making generous provision for the support of depend- ents and the education of, minor chal- dren, it shall leave nq large aecu- mutation of wealth to pass into hands which had no share in it's production. The revenue from this tax to be re- served by the FsederaI Government for three principal purposes: l. The extension of education 1 B Tl1e dex xe10pmeIlts of other inpor- tant sociaT Services which s should properly be penrorhaed by the nation which are discussed, in detail else where.
 3. Development in cooperation with states and municipalities of great con structive works, such as road ou1lo- ing, irrigation and reforesta ton, which would materially increase the efdcIen- cy and welfare of the entire nation
 There is no legislation which could be passed by Congress, the immediate and ultimate effects of which would I 1 ly assist in tenpering the existing spirit of unrest.
 UnempIoyn1ent and Denial of Oppor-
 t11nity to Earn a Living. r. Certain measures for dealing with l these conditions which are discussed elsewhere in the report need to be pushed forward with all possible vigor, but it may be confidently predicted 1 that the unemployment situation will not be appreciably relieved until great advances have been made in the re- l rnoval of tn two prime causes--unjust distribution of wealth and monopoliza- ton of land and natural resources. The most direct method of dealing 1 with the inequality of wealth have i already been briefly discussed and will be considered elsewhere in the report l With respect to the land question, l however, the following basic sugges- tions are submitted:
 l cut1on to regain all land. water power and mineral rights secured from the government by fraud.
 2. A general revision of our land laws. so as to apply to all future land grants the doctrine of superior use, " as in the case of water rights in Cali fornia, and provision for forfeiture in case of actual nom use.s In it's simplest 1 form the doctrine of Superior uSes implies merely that at the time of making the lease the purpose for which the land will be used must be taken into consideration, and the use which is of greatest social value shall be given preference.
 l 3. The forcing of all unused land into use by making the tax on non- productive the same as on productive land of the same kind, and exempting all improvements.
 The unemployed have apt1y been called "the shifting sands beneath the State.'' Surely there is no condition l which more immediately demands the Eemployment, which is annually driv- ing hundreds of thousands of other wise productive citizens into poverty and bitter despair, sapping the very basis of our national efficiency, and geruinating the seeds of revolution. With full recognition of the grav- l ity of the suggestions it seems neces- sary to urge the Commission to make the following recomnaendations:
 1. That Congress should forthwith l initiate an amendment to the Consti- tuition providing in specific terms for the protection of the personal rights ! of everys personfin the United States from eneroachment by the Federal and state governments and by private individuals. assoeiauons and corpor- ations. The principal rights which should be thus specifically protected by the power of the Federal govern ment are the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, the right to jury trial. free speech, peaceful assemb1age, to keep and bear arms, to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures, to speedy public trial, to freedom from excessive bail, and from cruel and un- usual punishments.
 2. That Congress inn1 ediately enact by statute or, if deemed necessary, initiate a. constitutional amendment specifically prohibiting the courts from declaring legislative acts uncon- stitutionaI.
 3. That Congress enact that in all Federal cases where the trial is by