davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-01-08
Governor Demands
Great Economy
$1,000, 600 ORDERED TO BE CUT OFF
Inaugural Address Tells Specifically How Taxes
Can Be Reduced

Governor Alexander, declaring
in his message to the new legis-
lature that the running expenses
of Idaho during the coming two
years must be Si,OOO,O0O less
than during the past two years,
tells how sweeping reductions
should be made in expenses, how
departments should be cOnsoli-
dater or wiped out, how the ex-
pense should mot be cut piece
meal, but in halves"
Opposes New Laws.
The message says in part:
The law-abiding spirit prevail
ing among the people Of this
state necessitates very few new
laws to be passed by your body.
We have too many laws. The
repeal of some of the laws on the
statute books would be a blessing
The burden of taxation must be
lightened. It must begin right
under the dome of this capitol (;
it must start right from the Of
foe OF the governor; from the
halls of the legislature it must
be carried to every courthouse in
every county in the state, to every
municipality and to every school
district 1t is not alone neees-
sary that we think about this, but
the duty of the hour demands
that we act promptly in the solu-
tion of this question above all
else.
state Income So, ,s55, 900
The income of the state, with
out levying any taxes upon any
property, was in the preceding
two years approximately Si,4OO,-
900. This money is largely de-
rived from the interest on the
sale Of certain state lands, the
rental of lands, corporation taxes
licenses, federal aid to the vari-
Gus state Institutions, interest on
money, fees, and from other
sources. This income increas
es from year to year.
There have been bond issues
authorized at almost every ses-
sion of the Legislature. The
last legislature authorized a bono
issue of $4,000, of which Si1O-
900 was sold and the money con-
verted into the treasury. The
remaining 100000 of these bond.
was authorized for public high
way purposes and has not ye
been issued by the proper author.
tiles of the state, but the great.
er portion of the proceeds there.
from has been pledged for tn
payment of construction worl
undertaken and performed on tn
public highways. The exac
amount so pledged I am unabl
to ascertain.
There was used from the Car
ey act fund over St45, 900 and in
terest on bonds outstanding wa
paid to the amount OF over 5000
900. When all these figures ar
added together the last state gov
ernment had an income, asid
from the direct tax for genera
state purposes, in round number
of $2,O55,OOO for the precedin
two years.
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-01-08

Taxes Too High

axes 100 Hi9n
Taxes are too high. They
must be reduced. They must be
reduced not by fractions nor by
piece-meal, but by one-half. AS
the governor, under my duties
under the constitution, 1 am here
in behalf of the people of the
state to recommend to you that
the running expenses of the state
government for the next two
years should be Sl,00O,000 less
than they were in 1913-1914, that
the amount of money to be levied
by your honorable body as a di-
rect tax upon the property of the
people of the state should also be,
at least, $1,OOO,OOO less than was
levied in house bill AIS, laws OF
1913 for the preceding two years.
Use Pruning Knife
In order to do this it will be
necessary for the legislature to
apply the pruning knife. In every
department there is room and
necessity for it.
The last legislature passed a
house bill providing for a levy OF
? mills on the dollar per annum
for sinking fund purposes, which
if put into execution, would have
created a fund of S8OO,OOO per
annum additional, or $1,000, 200
in two years. This law was ig-
nored by the board of equaliza-
ton though the mandate of the
law was there. I believe that it
was right, at the time, to ignore
that law, as it would have bank
rupted the people had it been ex-
ecuted.
AS to Interest
Interest on the bonds must be
paid and a tax levy sufficient to
Pay the interest is a covenant be-
tween the state and the bond
owner. That solemn obligation
must be lived up to, but no levy
to pay interest should be made
for more than is absolutely nee
essary. The last board of equal
ization failed in 1914 to make a
levy for interest Of any kind and
the money was taken from the
sinking fund to pay the interest
amounting to S1OO.867.
This is absolutely, in my Spin-
ion contrary to law. It is only g
subterfuge used to make the tax
payer think that taxes are lower
when, in reality, the levy viii
have to be made to reimburse
this fund at some future time
This condition confronts you nov
The first step toward the prop
er solution of this problem is tC
repeal continuing appropriations
made by preceding legislatures
which are made to run continu-
Ously.
Continuing appropriations wrong
Continuing appropriations ar
absolutely wrong and have NJ
, place in a free country.
In order to make the prin
3 ciple of economy efficient, no spe
l ial appropriation bills should b.
5 passed by your body appropriat
z ing a dollar of money for an,
purpose. There should be on
Appropriation bill passed and on
ly one.
= I recommend that the genera
o appropriation bill, carrying al
o appropriations for all state pur
o poses, be passed and presented t
4, the governor not less than 2
q days before the adjournment O
o the session. This will give tn
governor time to look into tn
items and to approve or disap
n prove of them. II will give tn
! legislature an opportunity to ex
s ercise its perogatives that tn
= constitution intends it should ex
# ercise.
Would Specify Expenditures
Every department of the stat
a government should have an aI
preparation made by the legisla
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-01-08
Supreme Court
Fixes Terms

The supreme court of this
state has fixed the terms Of that
tribunal for the new year, 1915.
The courts order fixing the terms
is as follows:
At Boise on the second Mon
day of January, the first Monday
OF September and the second
Monday of November.
At Lewiston on the first Mon
day of March and the second
Monday of October.
At Occur d'Alene on the first
Monday of May and the first Mon
day Of December.
f. e. Hemingway returned
Wednesday from a several weeks
l..
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-01-08

Continued on Page Two)
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1915-12-15

bance. The bird chorus at sunrise is
full conditions. but 1t continues as usual
in the environment of war. woods daily
riddled with bullets, esound with the
songs of nightingales, thrushes and black
birds; after fierce night engagements In
which artillery and infantry nave taken
heavy toll of human life. at dawn the
usual peaceful chorus has been heard
floating over the corpse-strewn battlefield:
pheasants and cartridges have been seen
strutting unconcernedly about an orchard
situated directly between the opposing
lines and often swept by the rifle and ar
tillery fire; and the song of a soaring sky
lark has been heard In a moments cessa-
ton of the thunder of cannOnadtng."
Instead Of being alarmed by the appall-
ing din. the shot-flled air and the de-
struction Of their familiar trees, the birds
seem to have shown less fear than in
ordinary times. often nesting directly in
the trenches and even feeding from the
hands of the soldiers. The gane birds. in
Franc are said to have displayed an un-
wonted tameness. owing to omission Of
the usual hunting. Fearful as the war is.
1t seems to have brought to the birds less
cause for anxiety and terror than they
experience In times of peace. Perhaps
their elemental sense of wonder and sur
prise Is stirred by the vast spectacle of
slaughter. and they may be amazed by
the appalling enterprise In which that cur
ious animal, man, is now engaged. but
evidently they realize that for some In
applicable reason the death-dealing activi-
ties are not intended for them. n that
wal for ma means peace for birds.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1915-12-15

all these matters here, we shall not grow
and grow, until finally We come to sing
with the stars themselves and understand
the harmony of the spheres?
AS to books. I know no way so quick, so
easy to find, as the way of books out of
our W thoughts to the Drawer. wider.
more beautiful thoughts of others. We
can each OF us keep stored away In q
quiet corner some one little book. to turn
to In the stress and press OF our own life:
some book hat will enlarge and quiet and
soothe our thoughts.
Keep the marker in your bible at the
Sermon on the Mount. 1t is in the fifth
chapter of st. Matthew. Then, when life
feels as If 1t We're all one spiked wheel
| whizzfng and turning right on our worn
and wounded bodies. read some of those
| promises to YOURSELF: blessed are the
meek: for they shall inherit the earth.
| Blessed are they that mourn; for they
| shall pe comforted."
There is the escape into nature. Wher-
ever you are, however cruel and narrow
and strange your destiny may seem. you
! can raise your eyes to the shifting scenery
of the clouds and realize what a wonder
| full setting was created for you.
| There is the door of life Itself before us.
| Life is a beautiful test. 1t is our oppor-
tunity for transforming all that Is ugly.
dull and sordid into beauty, interest. and
high adventure. Just life, just breathing
in the air and looking about with open
eyes. is "a joy that should give us escape
from sorrow and self. Think of it as an
opportunity.
There is the door of love-the widest,
the most beautiful. door of all. Love
every one: your friends and your
your children and other peoples children:
your brothers, your sisters. all
He who made you. made them, and It
there is one law that Is definite and in-
controvertible it is that we are to love ono
| mother to aid. to uphold one another.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1915-12-15
The Doors That Enter Eternity.

Louise Collier Wilcox in Delineator.
Let me tell you some OF their names:
Art. thought. nature, lite. religion, love:
all these are the names of doors into
eternal life: all OF them open for you If
you find them and knock. and you can
pass through them into the fiowery fields
Of Immortality.
Do not be afraid when i say art. One
friend writes me, II live hundreds of miles
from a city or a picture Never mind
life makes pictures ali about you. Your
fields of waving corn with the slant light
OF afternoon turning 1T to molten gold is
art. Look for it: be glad in it; even If
you can not reproduce anything, remem-
Der ii in your own mind and say, II, too.
have seen beauty and -strangeness and
great lofty heights of sky covered with
scuddins marble palaces of cloud. ] have
seen art, and when | shut my eyes l can
remember that and forget the cruelty and
harshness of the days work and he glad.
One of the greatest of living artists was
taken out to see Il sunset by his mother
when he was 8 years ole. She pointed to
the sky. and said: THAT is beauty. Jack.
DO you feel it?" He did not feel 1t then.
But the seed was dropped which made
him Il great artist.
If YOU see beauty, You have escaped
from self into the fields of art. If over
and above this you can learn to look at
copies of pictures, to enjoy Il good record
on your machine and feel its rhythm and
harmony: if you can turn from petty and
sordid or angry and anxious thought To
a great book. or Il lovely poem. or even a
nne sentence. or an amusing tale of life
other than your own, you nave opened Il
door. You have escaped from your own
immediate atmosphere or to the endless
trail. For one picture leads to others, and
one song to more songs, and one kind of
rhythm to more complex rhythms; and
who knows but. having begun n little in
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1915-12-15
A Nation Makes An Inventory

edge such as can be utilized in the manu-
%facture of munitions of war or the carry
ing on of public utilities. Should the vol
unteer response be unequal to the coun-
try's need it is q simple matter to go g
step further and add n legal duty to the
moral obligation, as was necessary during
the civil wal in America and in many 9TH
er wars in all countries where compulsory
service is not enforced.
In times of financial need taxes are COLI
lected for the state not according to the
willingness to pay but according to the
property interest at stake. In times Of
wal the nation is taxed for men and in
England 1t has been demonstrated that q
willingness to serve is not a just standard
to be used In the selection of soldiers,
These things are so obvious in England to.
day that were 1t possible for the govern
ment to live over the days since August
4, 1914, the taking of a thorough national
registration would be the first step.
This system would have been adopted
even long after the war began but for
political reasons and a natural desire OH
the part of all to carry the war through
as it was b%egun-on q volunteer basis.
The Indications are now that the results
of national registration and the subse-
quent special appeal may serve the mill
tary purpose. but II it fails compulsion
| will quickly follow.
L III Oil SAAlo olAlG VI IN III
suasion and even of compulsion IL Il
comes. there is no hint of militarism, for
each step is taken with the approval of
the people; nor will it bring in the future
even a note of militarism into British ma
tional life. for the British are not a mill
tary people and 1t would take more than
a generation of compulsory and extensive
military service to make them a military
people.
They are anxious to end this war as soon
as possible with future safety and honor
to themselves In order that they may doff
the khaki and return to the occupations
of peace. 1t wo:ld be the same in Amer
lea in case of war, and the surest and SAN
est step we can take in the direction of
a permanent peace is a national stock
taking, detailed and accurate. as to the
men and materials available, in case we
might be compelled to turn for the mo-
ment from peaceful occupations to those
necessary to insure their continuance.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1915-12-15

James Whelpley. in the Chicago News.
1t has been demonstrated by the British
government in the IS months since August
4. 1914. thai it Is possible to raise a volun-
teer army of several million men where
the organization is based upon a standing
army of $4,000 and a national guard show
ing a paper strength of 10000 and an enor-
nous reserve supply Of trained officers.
the product of previous regular service
and wars.
It has been proved In the same time
that 1t takes at least a year to secure
such an army and more than six months
to make a soldier out of a citizen vOlun-
teer. The demonstration is also complete
as to the loss of time incurred in equip
ping such an army while q war is In prog
ress, and-what is even more important
as to the unfairness to the nation, so
cially and financially, or a purely Volun-
teer enlistment.
Young men without wives. children or
other responsibilities have failed to come
forward in due proportion. while older men
with families have responded to the call
in more than their proportionate strength.
This means that the nation is burdened
financially with a much larger daily ex-
penditure for separation allowances. pen
sions and hospital upkeep than If men
had been taken in the natural order of
eligibility.
To any nation which depends upon vol
untary service for an army in time of need
the obvious lesson is the prime necessity
for keeping on hand at all times a COM
plete stock-taking of the male population,
with notes as to the social and physical
state OF Zach individual and the address
at which he can be found.
Had the British government at the be-
ginning of the war registered the popula-
tion and divided it into classes according
to age, social state and occupation as has
now been done. months of time and mil
lions of money would have been saved.
Under the new British registration law the
male population is divided into nearly sc
classifcations. Glass number one is the
first called upon voluntarily to Join the
colors. and so on to the last man needed
or available. With the information now
in hand from this census. not only can
men be secured for the army, but the
authorities know the name and address II
every man or woman with special knowl.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1915-12-15
What Constitutes a State.

What Constitutes a State.
What constitutes a state?
No high raised battlement or labored
mound.
Thick wall or moated gate;
Not cities proud with spires and tursets
Not bays and broad armed ports.
Where, laughing at the storms. rich ma
vies ride:
Not starred and spangled courts.
Where low browed baseness watts per-
fume to pride.
No!-Men. high minded men,
With powers as far above dull brutes en-
dued.
In forest. brake or den.
AS beasts excel cold rocks and brambles
Men who their duties know,
But know their rights, and, knowing, dare
maintain,
Prevent the long aimed blow,
And crush the tyrant while they rend the
These constitute a state;
And sovereign law, that states collected
Der thrones and globes elate
Sits empress. crowning good. REFRESHING
smit by her sacred frown.
The fiend, DissensiOn, like a vapor sinks;
And cen the all-dazzling crown
Hides his faint rays. and at her bidding
shrinks.
Such was this heaven loved isle.
Then Lesbos fairer and the Cretan shore.
No more shall freedom smile?
Shall Britonss languish and be men nc
more?
Stree all must life resign.
Those sweet rewards which decorate the
brave
And steal inglorious to the silent grave.
Mir WiuiQm ynnAR
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1915-12-15
Only Nation Without q Budget.
From the World's Work.

We are the only civilized nation that
hasn't q budget system. France, Ger
many. Russia, Japan, England, Italy.
Spain, Rumania. Serbia, Portugal. Bull
garia n Venezuela-ali these countries.
and many more, have budgets. In each
country. that is, certain responsible Of
ficers prepare a definite plan for doing
things. estimate the cost OF executing It,
There Is only one important nation that
has no business plan. and that 10 the one
that has chiefly distinguished itself as .
The broad ax., 1915-11-13
Balzac's Way.

Jules Sandeau related that one time
while living in Paris Balzac locked
himself up in his room for twenty-five
days and twenty-five nights, refusing
to see any one and keeping the cur
tains closed and the lights continually
burning even in broad daylight The
only human being he saw during this
time was his servant, whom he rang
for when he felt the need Of food,
which he washed down with numerous
cups Of coffee. He would throw him.
self on his bed only when entirely ex-
hausted from lack Of sleep, and he re-
manned In complete ignorance Of what
was transpiring outside, the state Of
the weather and even Of the time and
day Of the week. He only freed him
self from this voluntary captivity
when he had written the word END"
on the last page Of the manuscript he
began when he entered his prison.
The broad ax., 1915-11-13
After Death,

1t is Irrational to think death ends
all, for then life is gone and annihi-
lated. and it is just as though It had
never been. A life can in nowise be
destroyed by death. What has once
been experienced Is an eternal and in
delible constituent of reality never
more to be erased or altered. 1t Is a
foolish doubt which Karl Moor ex-
presses with the pistol in his hand, eff
the paltry pressure Of this paltry thing
makes the wise man and the fool, the
coward and the hero. the noble and the
villain, equal That cannot be. Death
sewers the thread of the earthly life,
but the content Of life can neither be
altered nor annihilated by it Reality
Is eternal in its essence. Nothing that
Is real can. to quote Angelus Silesius.
ever perish and cease to be.-Professor
Friedrich Paulsen, University Of Ber-
lin, in "a System Of Ethics"
The broad ax., 1915-11-13
ItaIY,s Ancestral GIories.

Three times has Italy ruled over Eu-
rope. She has sat on the political
throne under the Caesars, on the &C.
clesiastical throne under the popes
from Gregory the Great to Leo x. and
on the intellectual throne Of the renais-
sance. These things every Italian fam
fly remembers. Augustus Caesar and
Trajan, Hildebrand and Innocent ILL.,.
Dante and Petrarch, Michelangelo and
Raphael, Galilei and Bruno are in his
mouth like household words. The Ital-
ian does not consider himself and US as
equals; he accepts, he believes in, mod
ern democracy, but deep in his heart
he is an aristocrat, haughtily proud of
his long descent and his ancestral glo-
ries. When thinking Of Italians one
must always bear In mind that they,
out Of all the peoples of Europe, have
the most glorious past and that they
are conscious Of it to the quick.-Henry
Dwight Sedgwick In Yale Review.
The broad ax., 1915-11-13
The Oldest Death Sentences.

The oldest death sentence extant is
found in the Amherst papyri contain
ing the trials of state criminals in
Egypt, about 1900 B. G. The criminal
In this case was found guilty Of magic,
which his judges state twas worthy
Of death, which he carried out, and he
killed himself" apparently by stab
bling, as in the Japanese harakiri,
which is also of very ancient origin.
Among less civilized peoples drown
ing would seem to have been the ear
Hest method Of legal punishment, for
about $50 B. G. the Britons killed their
criminals by throwing them into a
quagmire. OF other than capital pun
ishments the oldest recorded comes
from Chaldea. where it was enacted
some 5000 years ago that when any
one MANNED a slave the hand that
thus offended should pay him each day
q measure of corn
The broad ax., 1915-11-13
Geometry.


Plato is said to have written over his
door, Let no one ignorant of geom-
etry enter here" Today such restric-
ton would reduce his visiting list Per
haps outside the professional mathe-
maticians he would have no one at all
All the artists, the philanthropists, the
historians, to say nothing Of those Ia
dies and gentlemen of leisure whose
critical faculties are so Importantly de-
veloped nowadays, would certainly be
absent and, worse still, would suffer
very little at their exclusion. Yet, go
ing back into the centuries for guests,
a distinguished company might have
been assembled Of those who without
being famous merely for mathematical
studies, were known to have under
stood and loved the subject The Greek
philosophers would have been there in
a body, Alphonse x, Omar Khayyam.
Albert Durer, Leonardo da Vinci, Des-
cartes, Pascal. Napoleon and Lewis
CarrolL-Exchange.
The broad ax., 1915-11-13
EnqIand's Greet Seal,

The great seal Of England Is, says
the London Chronicle, a more elabo-
rate article than most people imagine.
1t costs about $500 to make 1t, and it
consists Of two heavy silver plates, in
one Of which Is cut the die for the
front of the seal and In the other that
for the back. When the seal is to be
affixed to a document a lump OF wax
Is softened In hot water and cooled in
cold water, after which it Is placed be-
tween the two plates and pressed. 1t
comes out in the shape of a disk, with
an impression on each side.
Formerly there was an official attach
ed to the seal who was quite as proud
of his Office as the lord chancellor was
Of his. That was "Chaffwax," whose
sole business was to melt the wax and
to take the impressions Of the great
seal as often as required. The writer
remembers the last Of the "Chaffwax-
es," rosy checked old gentleman who
lived long to enjoy the pension that
grateful country granted him for his
important services. Those services are
now performed by an unnamed subor-
dinate I'm the chancellor's Office.