davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-03
HALF YEAR OF WAR MERE PRELUDE
TO THE GREAT STRUGGLE TO COME

In the Pacific her island holdings
have vanished. In Africa the slow
but sure extinction Of her empire
goes forward. Her flag has disap-
peared from the sea. Her one fleet
which kept the sea went down Off the
Falkland Islands. But the fate Of
these colonies about the Seven Seas
remains to he decided in Europe, to
be- lost or won in Flanders. in Bel
GUM. in Champagne, in Poland.
To the historian who writes in the
distant future 1t is inconcplvable
that this first six months will not
appear as belonging to the Germans.
whatever may be the outcome of the
war. What Napoleon did for so long
the Kaiser has accompli she'd for these
months; he has deiled Europe. not
merely held it at bay. but fought 1t
outside of his own territory and won
great victories on alien soil After
six months, too, there is as yet no
evidence of the breakdown of Ger
man strength. In the field there has
been no Leipslc. From official French
and British reports there comes the
same testimony that the German A..
mics continue to fight with the cour-
age, confidence. determination which
they showed when the road to Paris
seemed open to them
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-03

Yorkshire is northeastern county OF
England on the North Sea between the
Humber OH the south and the River Tees
on the north scarborough and Whtby.
roinba rded by the German cruiser squad
ron, are on the Yorkshire coast
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-03
Vast Territory Held.

In October Antwerp was taken. the
Belgian army driven out of all but Il
tiny corner of the kingdom. British
advance toward Client halted and
thrown back TO Ypres. while first
German invasion of Poland reached
The outskirts of Warsaw aud COM
PEELED the Russians to abandon their
advance upon Cracow and their cam
paign against the dcmOrallzcd Aus
TRAN armies. November saw tho
Germans, while retiring from War
saw. able to concentrate new and
great forces along the User, to beat
down ever attempt of British and
French troops TO take the offensive.
and only by narrow margin failing
tn reach the Channel ports of Calais
and Dunklrk
In December German effort was
again in the East and once more Rus
sian armies were defeated. thrown
back after the great battle of LODI.
before which the invasion of Siesia
seemed at hand. January come. the
Germans held aud hold a quarter Of
Poland, practically all Of Belgium.
5000 square miles IN northern
Franco. tho homo nf some :,00 ono
IrcnchmCn. Against this there is TO
he reck0ned Russian occupation of Il
corner Of East Prussia and French
possession If morsel of Alsa'e.
Provinces containing at least H.
100000 people, having an area Of at
least 10000 square miles. towns such
rs Brussels. Antwerp, Lille, Lott, 81.
Quentin. Lltge are now Solidly held
by the Germans, who have reached
the coast N Ostend and approached
Warsaw ut the Bzura.
As against this achievement only
Russia has actually made,progress in
invasion. The armies Of the Car to-
day hold at least 10000 square miles
Of Austrian territory with Il popull-
ton Of 90O0,oOO, and East TrusSlan
lands having al area of 5000 square
miles and population Of perhaps
JOG. 900. I.emberg, CZernowitz. Tar
now, these are among Russian CON
quests, which far overbalance the lost
districts Of Poland. France, for her
part. save for Il little gain in Alsace,
has had only less. ON her has fallen
the heavy blow of German military
strength. To-day Germany holds
more French territory than she took
in 1871, to-day France has new lost
provinces 10 redeem and after 1--WE
months Of effort she has rs yet made
little real progress in regnlning them.
1t is only abroad that Germany has
suffered, but there her loss has been
heavy. In Asia her great port has
been taken by Anglo-Japancse armies,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-03
Business Men Chosen.

The full executive committee was not
announced yesterday because ii was
said Z vas not vet complete About
scvent"-flve prominent business men
throughout the country have already
accepted appointments. hut il is designed
to have many more than that from all
sections.
The Clearing House comes as a result
Of Investigations by business men de-
qualnted abroad. particularly In France.
into the distribution OF the supplies al
ready sent 10 the affected zones There
IL lao criticism Of the work OF any
reputable Organizations, but il was
found that, owing 10 lack Of information,
there have been cases where ono Sec
to would receive, say. too much cloth
iHg or too much food or TOO many
niedics. supplies. while other districts
were needing them.
Arrangements were promptly made
With I'll" French Government. after e&-
Ambassador Herrick and Of ers got TO
work. % establish bulletin service
which Will tel. the needs o. every dis
tr'ct from time to time.
When this plan was suggested TO he
heads " the various relief societies
now ~ Worl, thcy gave their hearty
approval of IL; When the executive
committee IL made up Il will be found
that these men Will b. members % Il.
TIE new clearing house, which will have
~ Headquarters at u Broad street, is
sued this statement Yesterday afternoon /:
Every one who has been in any way
interested in the work OF relief which is
continuing on such a large scale in this
country has felt the necessity of adopt
ing some businesslke system of collec-
ton, transportation and distribution II
much OF this work is not to he wasted
II IS the object of the War Relief Clear
ing House for France and Her Allies TO
promote economy and efficiency and to
prevent duplication in the distribution
OF relief
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-03
Tremendous German Victories
Are Nullified by Failure
on the Marine.

In any review Of the military
achievement of the great nations who
for half year have waged struggle
greater than any In written history,
1. is necessary to point out In advance
that in this period the great sue
cesses. couquests. victories have been
with the Germans. Measured by what
they had 10 do, by what they expected
To do. 1t Is possible to cmpha size fail
ures, 1t Is natural to see the points
AT which German military strategy,
strength, has broken down. But
viewed as a feat Of arms, the thing
the German soldiers have done in the
past six months il rlvalled only by
what the French Revolutionary SOL
diers did against Europe In arms
more than century ago.
In August German armies overran
Belgium and entered France. winning
at Chartered. at Mons, at Cambria. vie
tories which in any other war might
have seemed tremendous. In Septem.
Der. while the German advance was
checked and thrown back from the
very suburbs of Paris, the invaders
made good solidly that position
stretching across northern France
which they hold to-day. AZ the same
time Il Russian invasion Of East
Prussia was crushed in the now ia
nous battle of Tannenbcrg and Ger
man territory was cleared ( invaders,
as Alsace and Lorraine had been
cleared by the crushing of the much
advertised French counter offensive.
about Muelhausen in early August
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-03

German Offensive Halted.
II Is only when German necessity
Is weighed against German achieve.
mcnt that II becomes apparent what
France. England and Russia have ~
strategy was based upon Il sudden
overwhelming thrust ut France, The
overthrow of that nation before Rus
Sia came up. the defeat OF Russia in
her turn and then the final reckon
Ing" with England. But at the Marine
France saved herself and Europe
From the terrible ordeal of August
and September she emerged upright
foncible. The 5000 square miles Of
her territory that remain in German
hands are an incentive to new effort,
not wound through which she
may bleed to death.
Having failed TO crush France, Ger
many had to turn east to throw back
Russia. to clear Fast Prussia, to res
cue stricken Austria. \ second des-
porate drive in the West was checked
on the User and new demands were
made 10y Austria. Everywhere Ger
man resources proved and are proving
adequate to hold what she has con-
quere,l. but nowhere in France since
the third week in September has she
made substantial progress. The cam
laign has fallen to siege, the battle
Ia trenchwork. but the great German
offensive has always been halted
about where II started since Won
Kluck re'rosSed the Aisne and Ant
wcrp and Ostend fell.
Meantime Austria has steadily lost
strength and confidence. Defeat after
defeat has shaken the fabric of the
empire. Austrian provinces have been
lost. Hungarian lands ravaged and
Threatened Twice little Servia. prime
cause of all the trouble. has terribly
routed great Austrian armies and ut.
tcrly destroyed Austrian prestige in
the Balkans. Russian victory In
Bukovina. too. has brought Runania
nearer to the point of Joining the war
aud terminated any chance that Italy
or Rumana, or even sullcn and bitter
bulgaria. would take the side of the
two Emperors.
Equally disastrous has been the
brief participation of Turkey. In the
! Caucasus Turkish armies have suf-
/ {, red new defeats comparable to Lule
Rurgns and Kumanovo; brief dash
into Persia has come to nothing. The
Holy War has fZZled out. Egypt has
So far escaped invasion and the Sui
/ tans friend and former khedlve has
lost his throne. At home In Turkey.
as in Austria. the protest against war,
the desire for peace, is making itself
! felt. while Turkish activity Is fresh
incentive to Italy to join the other
Mediterranean Powers and safeguard
Tripol forever.
Half n year after the Great War
opened Germany stands almost
alone: her Austrian ally has become
now serious liability, German corps
must he DETECTED 10 the CHrpathians,
German resources are taxed to all
the IInpsburgs aud quiet Hungarian
discomfort. Before her stand three
great nations. not yet by any means
nj the height Of their task. not yet
! mt the maximum of their efficiency,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04
Pope Says u. S. Gained
Authority as Arbiter

Rome, Sept. 8 (via Paris).-Pope
Benedict expressed pleasure to-day that
the diplomatic negotiations between the
United States and Germany had re-
suited in promise from Germany to
modify her submarine warfare. The
Pontiff said that President Wilson, hav-
ing shown both groups of belligerents
the fairness. frmness and good will OF
the American government. could now
address them with authority and proba-
bly, induce them to take the preliminary
steps which would gradually lead to
negotiations for peace.
The Pontis wss gratified to learn of
the cordiality that marked the CONVEX
sstion between President Wilson and
Cardinal Gibbons yesterday.
The Pope said he hoped everybody
would be convinced that his constant
prayer was for the ending OF the war
and that his work in this direction was
entirely disinterested. He added that
he would be ready to give the whole
support of the Catholic Church TO the
person, institution or country that
undertook the noble mission of ending
the war,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04
Gibbons Says Conference
Will Better RelatiOnS''
[By Telegraph TO The Tribune. J

Baltimore, Sept. 3.-An announce
ment of the purposes and results Of the
visit of Cardinal Gibbons to President
Wilson may be made public in few
days. Cardinal Gibbons said to-day
that the conference had an indirect
bearing on peace between the warning
nations of Europe, and that its results
should make for better relations. ..
81 delivered TO the President" said
the Cardinal, "a message from the
holy father. 1t was very gratifying to
the President and to Mr.. Lansing, with
whom | also had a long conference,
which had an indirect bearing on peace.
| have communicated the results OF my
visit to His Holiness. Perhaps they
will be made public.
"May definite negotiations by repre-
sentatives of the various countries tow
ard bringing about peace be expected
to result from the communication =
Cardinal Gibbons was asked.
at should make for better relations"
was all His Eminence would say. -.
The cardinal appeared to be well
pleased with the results Of his visit.
While he repeated several times that
the matter under discussion had an
"indirect" bearing on peace, he gave
the impression that he had taken some
single, definite subject to the President
and the Secretary of State for discus
sion with the Holy See, and had not
gone to Washington simply TO discuss
in general terms the possibility OF
peace.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04
GERMANS WANT
PEACE WITH U. S.
Regard Settlement of Is
sues with America as
vitality Important.
COUNT ON FRIENDS
IN THIS COUNTRY
"Frankfurter Zeitung' Sees
Closer Knitting of German
American Relations.

Berlin, Sept. 3.-The "Frankfurter
Zeitung" in an article written before
the publication Of the news from Wash
ington that Germany had agreed 10
revision OF her submarine campaign,
but in anticipation Of such news, says:
Not only will peaceful solution OF
the question be greeted with deep salts
faction as disappointing the hope OF
Germany's enemies, but other far more
important considerations speak in IA
vor of avoiding a conflict with the
United States.
Millions of Americans Of German
blood would be thrown into tragic
situation, torn between the land OF
their allegiance and that of their tradi-
tions. The reawakening Of German
consciousness and pride in German de-
scent in the millions of hearts IN Amer
lea, which promises so much Tor
closer knitting of German-Ameriean re
lations after the war, would be stified
in long years of enlightenment. long
series of other reasons speaks IN favor
Of a compromise.
"An understanding, which naturally
will involve no vital German interest,
will be made much easier for Germany
by the great victories OF her armies.
1t is certain that ultimate victory can
not be wrested from her Germany as
a victor does not need 20 display the
spirit of inhexibility which in the
French communications, for example.
is used as a cover for weakness, but
can gracefully participate in compro-
mise, which is the more advisable be
cause il has been shown that Germany,
too. has a big body OF friends in Amer
ica-those of German descent who are
opposed to the present trade in mum
tions."
The "Germania" points out that
Count Won Bernstorf's instruction.
were really in accord with the spirit OF
the earlier German Admiralty an
nouncements, which emphasized the de-
sire not to harm neutrals or non-com-
batants.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04
FRENCH AVIAT0RS
D. GUARD 4 COASTS
Marine Aero Service Operates in
Belgium, Egypt, Syria and
the Adriatic.

Paris. Sept. 3.-The French Minis
try Of Marine gave out to-day note
outlining the operations Of the naval
aeroplane squadron.
"The marine aviation service has
made continual progress. showing
marked development from day 10 day, "
the note says. at has operated not
only in France, but in Egypt, where 1t
assisted in the defence OF the Suez
Canal; on the Syrian coast, where II
aided effectively the blockade opera
tions, and In the Adristic, taking ac-
tive part in actions IN the Gulf OF
Trieste.
ain the north Of France our aero
planes keep watch over the shores and
sea. Their particular objective has
been the destruction Of the enemy
submarines: also. bombardment OF the
enemy's eommissary bases at Bruges,
Zeebrugge and Ostend, and spprehen-
sion or destruction Of Zeppelins.
Last week, Notwithstanding heavy
artillery fire and the glare Of rockets
our nviators dropped during the night
more than 800 90-millimetre bombs on
German naval bases along the Belgian
coast, besides taking an effective part
in the bombardment of Monthuls'
Forest on August 25. All the ma.
chimes returned, although several OF
them were damaged severely.
an Egypt and Syria and at Venice
our hydro-seroplanes have shown
great activity. Engagements occurred
recently with Austrian hydro-aero'
planes. which were put 20 flight. One
Of them was pursued as far as Polls
by French machine"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04
Hague Can Settle
Extent of Damage

Washington. Sept. S.-The American
attitude toward a method Of fixing
reparation for lives and property lost
in German submarine operations, such
as the Lusitanis and Arabic, has not
been finally determined, but there prob
ably will be no opposition 70 fixing
the amounts by arbitration. Arbitrs-
ton, however, could cover only the
extent Of damages and not the principle
that unarmed merchant ships must not
be sunk without warning and opportu-
nifty for the escape of non -combatants.
Berlin dispatches, apparently official
" inspired, saying that Count Won
Bernstorf, German Ambassador, has
wide discretionary powers to speak for
his government in the final negotiations,
have caused qualification among Amer
lean officials, who have had many evil
dences of the Ambassadors efforts 70
prevent a break between Germany and
the United States.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04
Bulgars Forcing Cabinet
To Quit Neutrality Stand

Geneva. Sept 3-Reports from
Bucharest represent the situation in
Bulgaria as becoming more unsatls-
factory owing to the indecision of the
government, which is attempting to
conserve the countrys neutrality and
at the same time satisfy its national
ambitions.
A majority of Bulgarian statesmen
favors a rapprochement with the Quad
ripple Entente, Serbia and Greece. In
view Of the state of public feeling and
the news from Nish that Serbia is will
ing to make territorial concessions. the
Bulgarian government finds il embar-
RAISING to continue its policy Of neu-
trality.
Ii is set forth that German diplomatic
agents have been unable to give Bull
garia sufficiently satisfactory guaran-
tees concerning the furnishing of am
munition and other supplies. Relations
between Bucharest and Sofia are
strained
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04
BATTLESHIP TEST
FOR PANAMA CANAL
Could Put Fleet of 81 Through
in a Day, Is Revealed.

Washington, Sept. 3.-Proof that the
entire main American battleship fleet,
made up Of four divisions OF FIVE ships
each and a flagship, total OF twenty
one, could be passed through the Pan
ANA Canal in one day, has been afforded
by the handling Of the Naval Academy
practice squadron in the canal locks on
its way to and from the Pansma-Pacifc
Exposition.
The squadron, composed Of the battle
largest warships which have so far
used the canal, was put through the
locks at Pedro Miguel and Mirahores,
the Missouri and Ohio simultaneously
in parallel, with the Wisconsin directly
in the rear. The towing locomotives
had such perfect control of the ships
that it was perceived that four vessels
of even larger size could be handled
in the locks at the same time, two in
each of the duplicate chambers.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04
LUSITANIA DELAY
BLAMED ON MAILS
Won Bernstorff Refuses to Dis
cusS Mission to Capital or
Peace Possibilities.

That there is no possibility of n
final German defeat and that Germany
will do everything 10 remain on peace
full terms with the neutral nations are
statements attributed TO Count Won
Bernstorff, the German Ambassador,
who yesterday returned 20 the city
from Washington.
When seen at the Ritz Carlton last
night Count Won Bernstorff asked TO
be excused from discussing the sue
cess of his mission to Washington, or
the possibility of impending peace ne
gotiations.
Regarding the report that James F.
J. Archibald, an American Journalist
and war correspondent. had been appre-
hended by the British at Falmouth,
England, and that important documents
addressed to the German Foreign once
had been taken away from him, Count
Won Bernstorff said:
There is no truth in that report. 1t
is fact that Mr.. Archibald is person
allv known to me. But | refused his
offer 10 carry papers to Germany, be-
cause knew that it would be quite un-
safe for any private citizen to carry
official documents to my government.
1.-THE only thing which may have been
found on MIR Archibald is letter sent
by Captain Franz Won Papen to the
German General staff. Mr.. Archibald
may have been carrying letters from
other friends, but ! naturally have no
knowledge Of that"
Count Won Bernstorff and officials OF
the German Embassy complained that
direct communication with their home
government hes been made almost i'm
possible. To a reporter Count Won
Bernstorff said last night:
"The Lusitania and other important
questions would have been settled long
ago if il had been possible for the Ger
man Embassy TO communicate unre-
strictedly with the home government"
Count Won Bernstorf does not be
lieve that the little German seafghter
which sank the Arabic has been capt
ured by the British.
The ambassador said last night that
he has heard of the Rev. Edmund Kay
ser, who was shot dead in his home in
Gary, Ind, ten days ago, although he
did not personally know him. Count
Won Bernstorff denied that he knew Of
the peace propaganda launched BY Pope
Benedict and transmitted through Car
dinsl Gibbons to President Wilson.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04
DERNBURG MAKES
DISCRETION PLEA
Tells Berlin Merchants
Germans Must Change
Their Ways.

London. Sept. A. Reuters Amster-
dam correspondent says that on his
election as president of the German
Economical Association for South and
Central America, formed in Berlin on
Wednesday, with a view of expanding
German industrial interests on the
American Continent, DR.. Bernhard
Dernburg said:
at the present time Germany has
only a few friends in the world. Senti-
ment in South America is divided, and
the real neutrality of North America is
doubtful. Il is not uninteresting to re-
member that Viscount Haldane (then
British Lord High Chancellor at Man
chester explained to the merchants that
now was their chance to snatch from
Germany forever commercial suprem-
acy.
Continuance Of the war will compel
US TO find new openings. for the com
mercial recapture Of markets now lost
will become more difficult. Without
coal and iron South America will al
WAYS be dependent on industrial states
Therefore the investing of more capi-
tai in South America would be well
worth while with a view 70 gaining
lost ground. Besides strengthening
our economical influence it would be
important also to obtain the moral in
fuence which hitherto has been great
" underestimate.
eve not only have failed to under
stand the sentiment in Southern
America, but even that of other peoples,
and therefore find few friends among
the neutrals. This is greatly the fault
of the Germans, who must learn to
understand peoples and to introduce
German achievements in science and
technics among them with more dis
erection than heretofore. Only too
often the German merchant shows the
lack Of friendly disposition toward
merchants abroad which is of special
weight with the Southern peoples"
The meeting at which the association
was founded was largely attended.
Representatives of various departments
of the government: were present. Herr
Maschke. president of the German
Brazilian Association, one of the con-
stituent bodies. said that the new en-
terprise was intended to prepare dur
ing the war for future developments.
and that Germany's connections with
Central and South American countries
should be closer after the war
Dr. Schultz stated tnat Argentina
should provide certain staples which
before the war were imported from
Russia.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-09-04

arc penetrating eastward and south
ward Of Bolo:o and Dubowoje.
The army of General Won Bothmer
is approaching the. Sereth. fighting
all the way.
AUSTRIAN OFFICIAL
The official communication issued TO-
day by the Austro- Hungarian War Of
nee says:
In East Galieia the enemy every
where 10 retreating TO the Sereth
line, pursued by our armies. On
the frontier north Of Zalosce and
east Of Brody and in the district
Gin Russia) west Of Dubno and the
Volhynian triangle OF fortressss the
enemy again is Offering resistance
along the entire front Our troops
are attacking.
On the Upper Jasiolda River fight
ing 10 still proceeding. The Nus
sians have been elected from some
OF the Notifications erected ct the
border Of the swamps.