The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-07-14

Pound. q famous pirate, IN 40S4s -
supposed to represent the region sur
rounding Boston. Its spelling is uni
que, .tMatthathusetts" being one OF
by George Washington of the land
granted him along the Great Kanawha
river In West Virginia by the British
givernment, is carefully preserved.
a large map OF exquisitely fne work
manship, drawn by the engineer or
Sir William Howe, showing Phtia-
delphia and its defenses In 1711. Is
one of the most perfect manuscript
maps in the world. The most valua-
BILE map acquired during the present
year is q large manuscript map OF the
Philippine Islands, made in 1857 by
Pedro Freylin.
Roller maps have become practi-
cal1y obsolete because Of the incon-
venience of handling them, and also
because the varnish hardens and
cracks with age, destroying the map.
All old maps are carefully cut into
sections, each of which Is mounted
upon q sheet Of strong manila, and
these are placed in folios. Special
metal cases, designed by MI PhtillpS
for the library of Congress. have been
copied by many other large libraries.
They are practically dust-proof, are
vantage of being f1re-proof. The maps
in the library of Congress are sciassi-
fed chronological1y and by subjects
In thirteen separate divisions.
An Ancient Art.
Map making is one of the Oldest
arts in the world and has been used
by the most primitive people. the
science of astronomy was not utilized
in map making until after the CHRIS
ton era, although the ancient BABY
lonians had divided space into S6o
degrees containing so minutes OF 90
seconds each, Most OF the old maps
are largely allegorcal, and were based
upon travellers tales, which were any,
thing but authentic. An old map OF
the sixteenth century shows the In
terror of Africa, emlbellished by al
peculiar human being holding up e
foot half the length of its body. Sir
Henry Vaudeville, a traveller OF that
period, told that the Inhabitants OF
Africa had feet so large that they
held them up when they set down TO
rest. to screen themselves from the
rays of the sun. Another curious old
man represents the earth as rec
tangle. It is based upon the chap
ter of Revelations DESCRIBING the four
corners of the earth.
The heiroglyphics and ancient draw
ings of primitive races, which cannon
be interpreted, are supposed by some
cartographers to represent maps. me
painted rocks of Arizona are supposed
to indicate trails and physical land
marks OF that country centuries ago.
The Eskimos made crude maps ana
drawings, some of which were OF
snfficient accuracy to enable Sir I'd
win Perry to locate Heckla's strait,
as we'll as to guide the relief party
ont In search of the members of the
Franklin expedition.
A Great Contrast.
The contrast between such crude
drawings and the finished map of to-
day is as strong as between any other
production of savagery and civil1za-
ton. The American Geographical
Society of New York, has had the
windows of its magnificent new build
ing at Broadway and One Hundred ,e
and Fifty-sixth street decorated with
transparencies representing the dew
elopment of map-making. There are
forty-two maps in this collection,
ranging from the first century to the
close OF the seventeenth. The maps
contained in the library OF the society
inside OF the building indicate the
progress made by the map-makersI
since then.
|. The general geographical map of
the modern atlas is a triumph of COM
bined art and science. It Is less ornate
than some of the older handmade
maps. which were embellished with
portraits and other pictures and Ella
borate borders, but it is colored ar
tistically, each tint having some signi-
f1cance. Brown usually typiffes noun
tains and blue water. Other shades
represent different geographical and
political divisions. An International
map committee, representing all The
leading nations of the world met in
London in 1909. They decided upon
a uniform system of coloring, SYMBOLS
lettering and protection to be gener-
ally adopted. and used in the produc-
ton of uniform map OF the world, in
which each nation is to be respon-
sib1e for certain part
Produced by Degrees.
The system decided upon has been.
adopted so far as possible in the maps
published since then by the different
governments. The map OF the world
is being produced by degrees, nine
sheets of it now being available. This
map will be known either as the inter
national or the "millionth map''-the
latter term being given because Of
its scale of an inch of space upon the
map to a million inches OF the sur
face Of the earth represented. The
maps printed in the average atlas do
not give any accurate idea of the
proportion in size between one Late
or country and other, because each
map fills the same sized page and the
scale of miles inconspicuously printed
along the side is seldom referred to.
In many Biographies the map of
Rhode Island is as large as Texas
or California. 1t is only In referring
to map of the entire country that
an adequate idea OF the size of each
point is gained. It is not easy to
compare the sizes of countries re-
mote from each other. France covers
only about four ffths the area of
Tso~ea. J,r% Raxv y1arsnna realize this