davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

than would the New York police force against
one-tenth of its numbers of trained troops
The very first thing the United States army re-
quires In terms OF organization is something
so elementary as just one of the lowest fight
ing units one division. And division means
first and most important of all, a trained d.
visonal commander; second two trained bri-
gade commanders; third, about eight staff Of
fcers trained to the special duties Of the OPP
erations. intelligence and supply sections. Next
in Importance, that is fourth, division i'm
plies dozen or more regmentsl and battalion
commanders, trained in those duties, and, above
all, students in live school of tactics, which
may by its teaching mean all the difference
between success and failure. And from fourthly
we may go down several more stages before
we reach the private. AS for him, the better
trained he is the better; but If his officers are
what they should be, we can safely leave that
matter in their hands.
Now, through the fourmost important stages
of this training we have practically nothing in
this country, save in the matter of certain
amount of staff work in which the officers who
are lucky enough to get to the Fort Leaven-
worth school get theoretical training. For the
rest we have practically nothing to show. We
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
War Collie sc Should Provide Higher
Training in Military Theory-Real
Experts Must Be Provided AS
First Defence Step.

of your battalion Of $50 men, of WI I'm 625
have just rejoined from civil lfe2 The answer
is: Not very high. The fact is that we can
study for hundred years past, from the time
of Scharnhorst down to the Bulgarian mobili-
cation of 1912, the effects of injecting greater
or less numbers of reservsts into skeleton
cadres. And we may conclude roughly that
up to rs per cent the reservists do not appreci-
ably lower the units value but that at so per
cent depreciation of fighting and marching
power sets in rapidly
These and many similar questions are solya-
bic only in terms of hard study of precisely
the same character as that which is done at
our universities AS the German service de-
monstrates, the soldier must work at his pro-
fession, and what is peculiar to it, he must
maintain his work, he must continue to grow
intellectually into middle age and even old age.
For the men who run the German armies are
thinkers and theorists, and they are old men.
And if this is true, then training an American
army means educating the army that is, Gre
ating system of education that will not mere
ly prepare the West Point cadet to become a
subaltern, but that will fit men of forty to
run divisions and brigades as expert tacticians,
and men of fifty to run army corps or a gen.
eral staff, and to attempt the solution of the
great problems of the conduct of war.
GOOD WORK IN STAFF COLLEGE.
Mr. Root laid the foundations OF such sys-
tenn when he was Secretary of War. A certain
amount Of good work is done at the Staff Col
lege at Fort Leavenworth, which was largely
rcorganized in his time. At Washington we
have an Army War College in which the high
er theory of war should be taught. Unfortu-
nstely the Army War College has become an
annex OF the General Staff. 1t is largely
bureau for the compilation of statistics on
military matters for the satisfaction of the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
y. s. Army Practices Antedate French Revolution

have no divisions in reality; and if tomorrow
we assembled groups of the three arms and
called them divisions, they could not be prop
erly handled-and through no fault of our Off
GERS. And when we propose to remedy our
defencelessness, not by creating even one sin
gle division in fact, but by additions of hun
dreds OF thousands of men, we putting
forth senseless schemes that leave the Ameri-
can army just as it Is now, helpless and fool
ish hgure-the little girl decked out in curls
and still wearing grandmamma's pantalettes!
A system OF reserves and expansion in war
time forms part of every modern military
system-except our own. But if we take up
this perfectly valid scheme we may kill it
through excess of zeal. One recent convert to
national defence, one Of our most respected
Senator's has plunged headlong into this idea
and emerged on the surface with the breath
less formula that we must have 100000 re-
servists to 100000 men with the colors.. This
leaves out OF consideration two of the three
fundamental problems discussed in previous
articles: mobilization and efficiency. How
long will it take you to mobilize one peace
time battalion of, say, 500 men into four war
footing battalions of $50 men each? very
long time. How great will be the efficiency
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
By Edword Alden JeWeH.

NJ 's n: @''':s s''::.s, :, Tn :, hon:
has become a cage. Real monogamy
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

needs. not alone for her personal use, but for
the proper conduct of the house. Not until this
is remeded can wife esteem herself a free
individual"
And then, l suppose, you have in mind de-
Tendencies Of other sorts|
Exactly. A wife must always give strict
account of her goings and comings. How ri
diculous it is! She cannot keep single secret
Every item of her whole life must be entered
in the tedious marital ledger. And this very
thing has brought about that deadly sureness
of her which animates the husband. She has
become property-something that can be
tagged. Man has brought this condition about
He has wanted to be sure, quite sure. At length
he is so sure that every atom of romance and
mystery has disappeared from the relationship
of man and wife.
And then there is the frightful publicity to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
VIVA conditions Mrs
suggests making divorce
simple prohibiting
anys ignor the in public.

which the whole life Of married couples is ex-
posed"
This publicity appears to form, in the au-
thors mind complement to the dependence
of the wife OF it she has written:
Community life-both with animals and
man-develops the social qualities and deadens
the personal ones. Thus the gregarious ami
mails have become the polygamous ones and
the cultivated sociability of man has developed
in his nature its characteristic alterations
The trend of society has been away from in
dvdualism toward communism, and therefore
away from the influences for monogamy to the
influences for promiscuity. 1t was the sensitive
indivjdussm of the primitive man that made
him by nature monogamst; and it is the
sensitive communism of cultured man that has
made him by nature polygamist, by pretence
a r1onogamst
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

curiosity OF members OF Congress. The multi
fsrious questions they fire at the Secretary o.
War, and that he transmits to the War Col'
lege, are doubtless we'll meant. but it would DC
an exaggeration to say that the answering Of
them tends to raise the standard OF proies
sional attainment among the majors and COLO
nels who are gathered there.
The college could of course. be made
real college, and the need for this is eryns
one. Its connection with the General STAT u
fact, with all outside influences, should |"
sharply severed. 1t should become the cenus
of the intellectual activity OF the army wa
IN its theories of tactics and of the eonduc' |"
operations. Every valuable teacher in "'
army should be drafted there on as near
permanent footing as possible, while its sN
dents should be men not too old, chosen
competition or by prominent record, as th0''
httest to learn and carry forward the extfeme
ly difficult subjects their profession is based Oh
Alongside of theoretical there must be pi's
teal instruction. And for this we need "''
OF all, large enough army to supply the '0'
est lighting and marching unit, the divisi'D
ana tnen we need to distribute our uoop'
some rational system that will enable d"s'.
to be collected for exercise in time OF peace"
modified and concentrated in time OF wal
There is no greater national economy "'
high technical education. And this econ0sp
is even more indirect than direct. Oph's
gets insensibly moulded. Wiser measures s1I
to prevail. And all at the smallest ortD-
cost. 1t is some such process we must =.
If national defence is to be secured. WIZ
sound and solid body Of professional op'nrsaa
in the American army, schemes that nov
columns Of one press would be lausne'
OF existence, where in European services -,
would involve the forced retirement OF fn'''
responsible for them.
Copyright, l9ls-The Tribune ASH
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

ODERN marriage operates 10 u''"0S
MI the instinct OF monogamy. The home
has become a cage. Real monogamy
is no longer possible under conditions attend
ing married life Indeed the married relation
itself. as il exists to-day, is immoral-sll &C
cerding TO Marian Cox.
Mrs. Cox takes the extreme view that the
aim of marriage should be the individual beneht
derived therefrom, as opposed to Mary Austin
and other writers. who hold that its aim
should be social welfare. She is charming
and ingenious young woman, who isn't, how
ever one might suspect it from an examination
of her views, obsessed by sex-psyehology at all
This merely occupies one pigeonhole in her In
tellectual workshop.
Marian Cox, fashionable woman of wealth,
has chosen to isolate herself from the world
in which she would normally pass her days
and has found through an absorption in lit
erature her mission. Writing is not fad
with her. but something vital
A leading article. on the subject Of modern
marriage which appeared in the December
number of THE Forum" has created good
deal of discussion. The article is unsigned.
Ii has kept many persons guessing. 1t was
done by Marian Cox. And in it are treated the
issues suggested above, together with many
more striking matters. Daring, enigmatic pro-
found-but these terms describe the writer as
well as her views in this instance
MATING INSTINCT DOOMED.
Mysticism. according to Mrs. Cox has van
ished from married life. A gross materialism
has sprung up--or, rather, exerted an insidi-
Gus. slow influence; for the process is age-lons.
This materastic spirit has strangled the pos
sibility of happiness in marriage. The very
mating instinct itself is doomed.
Mature" Mrs. Cox believes endowed sex
with mysticism in order that marriage might
mean sacred contamination OF two lives IN
love. But our civilized system of marriage has
DESTROYED the mysticism of sex to such de-
gree that it has destroyed with it the deeper
impulses of love, the primal passion, the bio
logical imperative of the homogeneous instinct
itself
Our system Of marriage has socialized mar
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

AS soon as a man and woman marry-per-
flaps propelled by the primal dream OF home
as the nest OF seclusion and privacy-they are
at once thrust into realization OF the ap-
palling publicity OF their Home Performance
Public opinion and sentiment OF the sacred are
Immediately involved in the existence OF that
home keenly concerned about keeping that
home together regardless of the will or fan
cies of its inmates. The System and Society
demand of the fated ones that they shall per-
form together in this home all the imperative
functions which create the appearance and re-
suits of marriage
This naturalization OF marriage, Mrs. Cox
believes. has gradually stihed the primitive
homogeneous instinct It's effect is twotold: 1t
IS conducive to celibacy, and it is bringing
bout tremendous divorce court activity.
A MULTIPLYING CELIBACY.
Concerning that first effect, a multiplying
celibacy, Marian Cox holds pronounced and
highly interesting views.
"Celbscy, the aristocracy of the future,
she says "has again become an ideal as pro-
test against the sham idealism of the marriage
system.
Social observation reveals the character OF
this growing aristocracy as being formed of the
best of humanty-the gifted. educated, attrac-
tive and spiritually minded Americans. 1t not
cebates in actual life, they decidedly SO in
principle. Cebacy appeals to them because it
is seen in the glamour Of an atmosphere OF free
dom; and to a modern. freedom is the only
power that cast glamour over anything
to- day. Once marriage was given the glamour
Of secrecy by the primitive; once it was given
the glamour of sin by the Christian; and to-day
glamour is gathering about celibacy as
golden guild composed Of the workers, charm
ers and mystics OF modern life.
But the aristocratic celibate," l interposed,
the seective, sensitive individualist, so preva-
lent in modern life, is she to be permitted to
escape marriage, seeing that marriage OF some
sort or other is indispensable for the recruit
ment of the racer"
IF woman" she replied. were conscious of
individual liberty she would not despise the
home. as she is coming more and more to do
as a result of this captivity. The aversion for
marriage would instantly cease were the posi-
ton of the wife changed. The celibacy which
is so strikingly manifest in the modern world
does not embody depreciation OF the primal
passion at all. 1t merely expresses woman's
desire for sef-expression, for freedom. 1t is
healthy aspiration of the modern woman to en-
JOY the spiritual and physical emancipation of
primitive woman
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
By Professor x. M. Johnston
FIFTH ARTICLE OF SERIES ON
NATIONAL DEFENCE.

4 N inquiry into the conditions OF nationsi
u defence has brought us by logical
L stages TO the question, How Is an
army TO be trained3 The answer must go
little beyond the question. II Is not possible
to associate organization from training
properly trained must be properly organized
army; an improperly organized army cannot
possibly be q properly trained one Now the
present United States army almost wholly lacks
organization, and It's training Is correspond
ingly feeble
Our army is in some ways continuing meth
DDS that expired in Europe when the french
Revolution broke out-and we latter ourselves
that we are a progressive peoplel Those were
the days OF the infantry phalanx made up OF
masses OF professional soldiers spending their
lives with the colors, and ready TO march and
fight at a moments notice. If there are any
ideas whatever back OF the organization OF our
army they belong TO this category We have
not really discovered, though we vaguely sur
missed at the time OF the Civil and Spanish
wars, that the lowest fighting unit is the divi-
sion, with the army corps as its next stage;
that the passing OF modern army from
peace TO a war footing is slow and compli-
Gated process, requiring machinery such as
depots and reserve systems; that a modern
army Is not controlled by a man riding horse
who has copy of Nspoleon's campaigns in
one holster and pistol in the other, but by
groups OF specialists gathered in an Office. Of
which the work is just about ten times more
complicated than tina, Of the traffic agents Of
fice OF a great railroad system
As a nation, before very long, we are going
70 create something which will be labelled an
s,nv But II is big question as to what sort
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
Marian COX, Writer. Says Modern
Marriage Is Making the Home
Cage and Man a Poly
gamist at Heart.

riage as we'll as materialized IT, Therefore no
lure to marriage exists to-day for the mystics
of love that will bear the test OF their indi-
viduslism; and when one marries it is rarely
with the natural ideal OF the nest and of the
primal passion. but is always with an ideal of
the home as sacred, simply and solely because
the community has pronounced it So"
It is the primal passion" which must be
rescued, says Mrs. Cox. Poetry and charm
must be restored to the marriage relations.
NATURE AS A GUIDE.
The primitive observed the workings OF
nature to guide his conduct and laws Of love
and marriage, and as mystical nonogamist
found the essential lure for the union of the
sexes and the glamour of the life of spirit
and senses in sercetiveness strangeness and
sanctity"
She said something even more battling, which
dealt with the "coquetry of the SOUL, and es-
peeially a quest of life-enhancement for two
mystcs of love" seeking "a nest together as re-
mote as possible from public prying and con-
Germ" Also, something about "a conspiracy OF
nature against the peace of the community"
In conversation Mrs. Cox is not at all revo-
lutionary She will talk of shatterng and re-
constructing in so quiet and intimate way
that the classic beggar's wishes seem veritably
turned into coursers before ones eyes One
enters her domcile out OF the honking and tu-
multi of Thirty-eighth Street and is directly
launched upon topics of grave, mystic import
Very concretely' l asked, what is your
- Oh
rage should undergo?"
ut ought to be reform" she replied that
would set men and women free The home
ought not to be cage, nor should individual
identity be sacrificed"
you think it is sacrifice, then"
TENDS TO MERGE DESTINIES.
Under the present system, yes. Everything
tends to merge two destinies into one. There is
no charm, no color, no variety possible. Two
together always together, the Two as One an
eternal Togetherness. Convention demands that
the married couple must always be seen in pub
lie together, must be invited to the same func-
tons, visit the same houses, make the same
friends, share the same afhnities and tastes and
experiences and contacts of life until there is no
escape for the married from each other, even in
the hour of worldliness, and everything seems
calculated with the sinister intent of preventing
the married couple from ever again developing
any of the strangcness, secrets and sacredness
of self, which formed the fatal lure that orig
mated their marriage
"A deadly nonotony is the only possible re-
suit. Neither has anything new or fresh to give
the other Don't you see how individualsm is
sacrihced3'
But can this custom be cast OFF,
Not, surely" she said, until the wife is lib
Grated from her intolerable dependence upon
her husband AS it is, she must 60 meekly to
him and wheede out of him such money as
she positively needs. not alone for her personal
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
Publicity Hills the Secrets and
Sacredness" of Primitive Wedlock
She Ayers Divorce Cases and
Celibacy Are Results.

Compulsory separations in public" she con
tinues; prohibitions upon all open perform
ances Of togctherness. conventional self.exhh
tons minus ring and other insignia Of tn. ca,
iugal state, and in the domestic interior i,,.y
an established etiquette OF taboos, and susuer
sion of conjugal rights-legally, religiously q
voluntarily imposed-which inevitably W.
form fresh atmosphere for married life
which personality can be made to appear so g.
cred and free that marriage will be undertake,
and borne as lightly and gracefully as a sesrs
sin. This would be the first great step toward
the Standardization of marriage
The second great STEP she told me. "wouE
be to make divorce subject to the will Of III,
individuals involved in marriage instead Of
as it now is, subject to the will of the officials
of system-oficials who regard nothing bu,
the externals of marriage and ignore its essen.
tial life. Divorce should be. exclusively mat.
ter of collision between the two, just as mar.
riage is.
DIVORCE A REGULATOR
"Ar stages of society and civilization have
lator of marriage and have placed it on tn,
basis of mutual consent until the Christian
dogmatists evolved the theory OF the inds
solublity of marriage
I'm the United States divorces are benz
granted at the rate of 200 day, but this y
no means indicates the number of divorcs
that are desired, the amount that ought to k
granted, the enormous number OF people who
are living practically divorced, though sharing
the same roof for the sake Of appearance
The reason Of this is that divorce has been
made unavailable to the best part OF our hu.
msnity-the we'll born and we'll bred in Amer.
ica-because OF the nature of the offences that
must be used as grounds for divorce and be.
cause of the publicity attached to divorce. Tn.
ordeal of divorce, as a matter of fact, deters
more people from marriage than from divorce
The divorce laws deny the psychic side Of
sex and stand as a testimony for the system
that man lives by bread and flesh and fore,
alone.
1T is said that three-quarters OF the divorces
granted are procured by the woman, and YET
the divorce laws are established upon grounds
that, oddly enough, are rarely the ones which
are most destructive to modern home life Or
destructive tt the happiness and well being
of the modern woman Few women nowadays
have the problem of the wife-beater TO fac,
but sensitive woman can be wrecked in SOU
and body by starvation for love in her mar
rage"
You think it is the dread of publicity which
deters many an unhappy woman from taking
the lawful steps necessary to free herselfF
asked.
Mrs. Cox replied: THE modern dvorc,
court is pillory of exposure for the persona
matters which even savage had the instructive
good breeding to veil from the eyes and con.
Germ of his world. Divorce is abhorred BY th,
supporters of the system simply because i
betrays the unnaturalness and unhoy secrets
OF modern marriage"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
SOLUTIONS OFFERED.

What solutions does Marian Cox proffer?
One she has already expressed in print is this:
II would suggest that we inaugurate a new
and life-e enhancing system for the sake of mar
riage and the married. An established system,
in the social life, which will guarantee to the
wedlocked couple certain amount of statutory
holidays from the common home and common
life.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

II rigorous attack on the present mar
rage system in an unsigned article in
"The Forum" for December attracted
scidespread attention. It's author, Mrs.
Marian Cor, further erpounds her
ideas in this article.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
Professor Johnston Illustrations Of Weaknesses
in Our Military System.

The United States wholly lacks organization
its training is cOrrepondngIy feeble"
with highly trained
the most work al the least cost"
AN unorganized
would the New York of its
trained
divisions they could NOT be properly handled"
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1915-01-30

was, it became at once the marvel
OF all the werld, causing scientists as
Wel as laymen TO cNclaim the won
dcrs
Starting with these feeble mstru-
ments only the Bell company by per
sistent study, incessunt experiments
and the expenditure Of immense
sums Of money created an entire new
art. inventing developing and perfect.
ing, making improvements, great and
small in the telephone transmittcr.
line cable, switchboard and every 9th
el kind ~ apparatus and plant re
uuired FOR the transmission Of speech
II was not concrete problem that
confronted the engineers; It was not
% problem for nm inventor working In
am attic II was literally a problem
to be- attacked all along the line
Without the expenditure " millions
of dollars and concentration " effort
the telephone ~ II exists could not
have been developed n required
courage. but the courage has hccu re
Nurlcd