The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-17

TO present day views, because such con-
tr%ibutions represent only al arbitrary
enrichment Of the victor. The victor IL.
in particular. not entitled to recover the
cost of war by a tax upon private peo-
pie. even In the event that he was forced
into war by the action OF the enemy.
Therefore the demand Of contributions
In cash is permissible only In lieu OF tax
alton, In lieu OF contributions in kind.
or as n form Of punishment
The fundamental drnand which neu-
trail states should satisfy In the equal
treatment of the ~belligerents. II fol-
lows that n neutral state may assist
both belligerents provided II gives equal
assistance to either. However. as this
In absolutely impossible. anc as proba-
bly, both parties would complain about
gre1ter favor shown to the other. ex-
pcrience has led to the establishment Of
the following principle The basic condi-
ton OF neutrality Is hat q neutral State
gives no aid TO either ccmbatant.
The PRINCIPAL duties of neutral States
are the following
1. The territory OF a neutral State
must not be used for the conduct OF war
by any OF the b~elllgerents. In the
Franco-Gcrman war Of 1901 the
Prusslan Government complained about
Luxembourg's attitude. because that
country ulu Upl prevent IUt nEIl VI
largo masses OF French soldiers across
Luxembourg territory after the fall OF
the fortress OF Metz. The Government
of a neutral State must therefore. after
n declaration OF war. prohibit the troops
~ both belligerents to march through
the country. and II must prevent the
establishment Of factories and work
shops In It's territory for providing either
heil!eerent with warlike requirements.
According 10 International Law the or
~raniz'ng OF troops and the collecting OF
volunteers within The territory OF neti-
trail states IL also permitted
> y a neutral state borders upon ter
ritorv upon which the war IL fought.
its Government must place sufficiently
strong military forces on the frontiers
IN order 10 prevent the crossing OF the
frontiers on the part OF the armies a.
wal which may desire 20 march through,
to rest after battle or 20 avoid capture.
Every individual belonging to tho fight
ing armies who crosses the border Of a
neutral state must he disnrmed and re-
strained from rejoln!ng the armies dur
ing the war. Organized bodies Of col
dIers which cross the frontier must be
treated in the same manner. They are
not prisoners Of war. but must be pre-
vented from recntering the theatre OF
war.
Neutral States have tho following
rights:
/. A neutral State IL entitled TO re-
main NJ peace while It's neighbors are
ut war.
2. Tho beligerent States mus; respect
the iatecrity OF the neutral territory.
They must not Interfere with the eNer-
else OF It's governing power even II tho
recessltv OF war should demand viola
ton of these rights Consequently. ncu-
t-al States possess the right 81 asylum
fur members OF the armies at war as
long ~ no favor - shown 10 either
side Even the reception OF q large or
small body ~ troops pursued by the
host > army docs r1' eutitlc the pur-
suer TO continue -" pursuit across the
front er Of a neutral state. II Is the
duty Of a neutral state TO prevent troops
which have crossed its border to reor-
game themselves and 20 embark upon
an atttck across the neutral frontier.
2 l. the territory OF a neutral state
$ entered upon by one OF the nations
~ wa fo~ the purpose OF military a.
sion. rHe neutral State = entitled To W
nose IN. violation OF It's territory by all
means IN it, power, and to d'sarm ~"
troops which nave entered Il II entry
upon neutral territory has been Effected
nv order OF the army commander. tho
state violating the neutrality IL obliged
p, give fun sal .afactlOn and 10 pay for
al damage done II such violation has
been done without authorization tn
guilty parties are liable 10 prosecution
AZ law II tho violation has taken place
IN consequence ~ ignorance as TO the
oostou Of the frontier. and not inten-
,ionallv. the neutral state can drmant
the immediate cessation OF the wrong
and tho aking OF measures which will
insure that no repetit!On will occur.