davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-30
POLITICAL CONVENTION
 CHARGE TN TOXIC HOUSE

Tokio, June S0.-A searching ju- dicial investigation has been ordered, following the arrest of two members of the Mouse of Representatives in charges of political corruption. The arrests have caused sensation ttroughout Japan The press de- cIares the men accused are suspected of accepting bribes to desert Seiyul<ai or conservative party and vote for the governments bill providing for increasing the size of the army by the addition of two divisions.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-30

King Constantine. of Greece, who has been seriously i'll of pleurfsy, is out of danger
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-30

Neither the. War nor the Navy De- parement was informed of the report ed slide at CuIebra Cut, and the re- port is believed to be exaggerated.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-30

Federal agents are investi gating the closing of building material plants in Chicago to determine if there is a basis for an antitrust suit.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-30

The Treasury Department awarded a contract for remodeling the Reaa- Ing, Pa. Postoffice, to a New York contractor. for $so.ssO.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-30
THE SMlTH-MURRAY 60.
 BRTDeEPoRT's BUSY CASH STORE
Now for a cool dip!

How about spending the coming holiday at the beach9 Warm days will tempt those who enjoy bathing go in for a swim We have many styles of bathing suits here, made in strong durable nateriasthe sort that will dry quickly in the Some of mohair panama and other Priced at $125, $2.25 $2.50, $35O and $495. Bathing tights and combinations being this instead of the usual boomers
 They made plain without gathers at the knee and do not hinder the No bulkiness and easily dried Tights at 39c 59c Conbnaions-5Oc to S1.75
 econdF Floor
 Bathing Caps and Shoes
 Gaps Kleinerts wafranted rubber many diff ferent styles, others of rubberized cloth
 caps, diving caps, with fri and imitation qus many styles ... .25c Soc and 65c Bathing laced high shoes in black bue and red 5Oc pr
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-30

$1.5O Idnette Auto coats ...... 94c $1.75 ,Idnette Auto coats ...-. SIPS $2. .25 Idnette Auto coats $1.4S $2.75 Idnette Auto coats $1.9S $500 Cloth Coats SPAS $z.OO and SIG. % Cloth Goats $2.9S White Cloth Coats .$4.9S Uo $15.OO $4.OO Guaranteed Raincoats =. SPAS $6.O co Guaranteed Raincoats =. S.9S 700 Guaranteed Raincoats ..- SAYS All the better grades at greatly re-
 duced prices. SAYS white Iceland fox fur
 scarfs $1.9S $500 white Iceland fox fur
 scar1s %A.AO $500 white Iceland fox fur
 $7.5O white Iceland fox fur
 scarfs $o.96 62c PercaIine PettdcOats 35c S1 co PercaItne Petticoats 62c $1.5O SILK PetttcoatS ........ 9Sc $2.5O Silk PetticoatS ..... $1.7S $4.OO Silk Petticoats ........ $2.4S $500 Silk PetticOats $S.48 75c Odd Lot Waists ........... SSc z5c Striped Waists .... 4Sc $1.OO Odd Lot Waists 4Sc $1.12 New White, Lingerie Waists 75c $1.35 New White Lingerie Waists 98c $2.25 New White Lingerie Waists
 -$A.40 $500 New White Lingerie Waists ..'- $1.98 $1.25 silk waists ......- 75c $1.5O silk waists ..-.-...- 9Sc $500 Black or White Silk Waists \ --i. $1.0S $4.OO Black or White Silk Waists '
 $a .4 $4.OO Colored SILK Sample Waists es m 11..;+. I.,srl- and sa,,d Coior
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

Cooke had already, at hts banking house
in Philadelphia, demonstrated the eff
fectiveness of his methods Of salesman
ship.
First of all. he relied on the help that
the newspapers could give him in selling
the 7.30 notes then overhanging lifeless
market He saw all the Philadelphia edi-
tors and persuaded them to print from
day to day the names Of the persons who
were patriotic enough. and wise enough.
he added. to buy the securities Of their
own government.
Circulars were prepared and distributed:
Bills printed with large type were pasted
On walls. Letters were written by the
hundred. An American flag was run up
over Cook.s's office. THE national loan
Cooke shrewdly called the bonds that
went begging for customers in some other
cities of the north.
Indeed. SO energetic had been his cam
paign of publicity. previous to the open
ing of his sale of bonds. that sixty eight
persons were purchasers the day his sub
scription books were opened. One man
appeared with $4,000 in gold. which. he
carried in a bag on his shoulder.
Cookies Bank changed the hour of It's
closing from 3 o'clock to o'clock in
the afternoon and was kept open until
9 O'Clock Monday evenings for the con-
venience of workingmen. One thou
sand employees Of the Philadelphia and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

prominent in Bruton parish in the long
gone years, and these memorials throw
light on some of the celebrities of that
section The memorial pews are those
to the following.
Charles Beale of the parish from 1862 to 1854
and Col Thomas Ballard. 1910. both OF whom
were members of the colonial council and OF the
yestry of the church; Capt. Thomas Thorp and
Thomas Pettus: Edward Barradall. knight, YES
tryman in 1875 and attorney general OF tne
colony from 1877 to 1743; William Hansford and
Henry Cary. Michael Archer and James Archer;
James Bray. vestryman In 1874 and member OF
the colonial council In a6.e Gavid , Brsy wbsley
and Thomas Whaley: William Parks. vestrymsa
and editor Of the First virsinia Ga7es nnci IN
Everard. vestryman in 1889: Samuel Timson.
John Prentis. vestryman, 1859; William Prentis.
vestryman, and Joseph Prentis, member OF the
George Norvell and William Norvell, who was
also a burgess in 1775: Thomas Ludwell, a yes
tryman and burgess in 1855: Gideon i Mason ia
mund Jennings. member of the house OF bur,
secretsTy 81 19r ne Of tbe
Of burgesses and auditor general Of the colony
and vestryman in 1884; Benjamin Waller. q bur
and Armistead Burweli; John Gusts, Daniel
Randolph, delegate to Congress. 1882: Gov
ernor of Virginia, 1865: delegate to the con-
stitutional convention, 1887: Attorney Genera:
1854. and Secretary of state, l7S4,5; Chief
Justice John MARSHALL. Sir John Ran Rsndoi Iaa
yestryman 172s: James Monroe P5esident of Of
United States; George Washington. Patrick
Henry. member Of the house Of burgesses and
Governor of Virginia; Peyton Randolph. vestry-
man, 1747: attorney general. 1747-66; speaker
of the house of burgesses, 1766-1715: president
of the First Continental Congress, 1774 and del
egate to Congress; 15IS; George Mason: who
tuition: Richard Bland. Archibald Cary and Dab
ney Carr; Robert Carter Nicholas, vestryman,
and Paul Darlington: Edmund Pendleton. mem.
her Of the house OF burgesses and Continental
Congress and author of the resolutions submitted
to the Virginia delegates asking for national in
dependence: Dudley Digges and Andrew Lewis;
Thomas Jefferson: William Cabell and Joseph
CabeIi; George wythe. vestryman and signer Of
the Declaration Of Independence; Thomas Nell
son, Secretary of State and signer of the Dec.
laration of Independence; Carter Braxton and
Benjamin Harrison. signers of the Declaration
of Independence: Richard Henry Lee and Francis
Lightfoot Lee, sgners of the Declaration Of In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

Washington purposely to inform Lin
coin that his military policy was
wrong and should be corrected. The
newspapers made fun of them and they
returned to their homes without re-
vealing the generalship by which the
south was to be whipped back into the
Union.
The second call of Chase for fifty
millions was responded to reluctantly.
The third call failed and Chase had to
sell the remaining fifty millions at 80
cents on the dollar. He had now come to
believe that the men of the north would
finance the war just as they were
fighting 1t on the fields of battle II the
money needs of the government were
given over to them and withdrawn
from the bankers.
AS test Of his theory. he appointed
14s agents in different parts Of the coun-
try to sell government notes and bonds
to the public. OF all the agents, Jay
Cooke alone was successful. Tell Gov.
Chase" he wrote to Henry Cook. his
brother. then in Washington, that hold
myself at his service. and. pay or no pay.
l will do all l can to aid him in Treasury
matters. / feel, however, that II he
would give me chance I could show him
way to raise the money"
The cost of the war then was million
a day. and Chase said it would reach
million and a half early in the autumn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

the church. adjoining the gallery OF
the students in the west end. In 1920
John Holloway having obtained leave
OF the governor. was permitted, to .
wing Of the church at his own charges.
In 1874 Rev. James Blair reported that
the church was provided with a great
Bible. Common Prayer Books, the
HON olies, Cannons, pulpit cloths, altar
and altar pieces, Font, cushion, surplice,
Bell, etc, and that there were 10
families and fifty communicates in the
parish.
The pulpit was in the southeast
corner and was reached by flight of
winding stairs The chancel was at
the east end and the pews were rectan-
guar. The pew of the governor,
which in the old church had been in the
chancel, appears to have been placed
corner. There is still a woman living
in Williamsburg who remembers the
red canopy hanging there which orig
inally marked the place where he sat.
Whitewashed walls, oil-painted mahog-
any seats and stone-fagged aisles
were features of Bruton in common
with other old churches of the period"
The first brick church had as min
listers in succession to the Rev. Row
land Jones the Rev. Samuel Eburne,
1897 to 1902, and the Rev. Solomon
wheatley, from 1902 to ITO. The first
minister Of the second. or the present
brick church, was the Rev. James
Blair, who served the parish from 171O
to 1743. The east end of the brick
church of 1715 was extended in 1882
twenty-five feet. and this is the church
as it stands in Williamsburg today.
There have been various interior
changes, but in 1903, under the minis
try Of Mr.. Goodwin. the work of re-
storing the interior of the church to its
original form and furnishing was be-
gun and carried out.
The warship Garland's bell rang in
the steeple until 1851. when a new
steeple was built. The materials of the
old steeple and the bell were given to
Benjamin Powell. the builder. A new
bell was given to the church In 1861
by James Tarpley. Williamsburg
merchant, who was in partnership with
John Blair. DR.. George Gilmer and Will
liam Prentis.
Dr. Tyler, writing of this historic
bell, says: The bell presented by
James Tarpley is perhaps the most his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

cession to jamestown, the general set
Element of the country around and the
s d Mv of she S Geega OF out W The
fact that the Bruton Church of 16S3-84
was too small. and in ITO there was
strong talk of the need of new
Tyler, Richard Kendall, Richard Bland.
Frederick Jones, Hugh Norvell, Will
liam Timson; Amb. Cobbs, F. Jennings
and David Bray-petitioned the bur
gesses for aid in building a new church.
That church was finished in Ills. 1t
was the Rev. James Blair who sub
mitted plans for the -pew church, and
these plans show that the proposed d.
mansions of the building were: Length,
rs feet, width 20 feet and height of
walls, 20 feet. The contributions to the
work seem curious now. Gov. Spots.
wood agreed to build twenty-five feet
the general assembly built two wings.
each nineteen by twenty-five feet.
which, after the approval of the Blair
plans. it had been decided to add to
the church DR.. Tyler has contributed
these facts about the second brick
church of Bruton parish:
1.-The church was finished about De-
cember. lbs, and on November l6, IT'S,
an order was made by the vestry that
the church wardens dispose Of all the
material belonging to the old church
except the brick In 1917 the new
church was shingled. In 1716 John Gus
tbs obtained leave to place upon the
north wall of the church, where it is
still. the marble slab to the memory
of the grandfather of his wife, the Hon.
Daniel Parke, which slab was in the
old church. And when, in 1920 DR.. Will
liam Cooke. who was also secretary of
state, died, tablet was placed opposite
on the south wall to his memory. On
January 8, 1717, it was ordered that
Mr.. Commissary Blair sit in the head
pew in the church and that he may
carry any minister into the same
The youth of the college was given
q that part of we Gallery as far from
the pillar on the south side OF the
Isle of the Church to the north side
of the Church and 1t was also decided
that further leave be given them to
put door with a lock and key to it
to the stairs of the said Gallery, and
the sexton to keep the key In 1921
gallery for the parish boys was or
dered to be built on the south side of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

there were other times when it was en-
tirely free from debt
National finances were in a calamitous
state in the closing days of Buchanan's
administration. The panic of 1857 had
greatly reduced the revenues of Wash
ington. War between the north and south
seemed inevitable. Two years after he
came to the presidency a loan of SEQ. 00O,-
900 was made by Buchanan at a premium
OF about u per cent. In 1860. however.
when he attempted to float another of
$2l. 900 900. he had offers for only a third
OF that amount
Later in the year he borrowed $4,000
at per cent, and small sums were
obtained afterward at from to 9 per
cent. For million he had to pay 10
per cent; for two and fourth millions,
from 10k to 10A per cent; for mil
lion and half. II per cent, and for
81. 900, IL per cent. Money was Dor
rowed to meet the interest on the national
debt. Bonds. drawing per cent, to the
face value of $1s.50O.000 were sold at
another time for $16,4S0,00O in cash.
Into this tangled and unhappy sit
uation came Abraham Lincoln and
Salmon p. Chase. They issued eight
millions Of bonds at "a cents on the dol
lar. During May. 1851. with the war
then under way. Secretary Chase bor-
rowed 100000 at 6 per cent. the dis
count being in some instances as much
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

as is per cent-that is, a $1,000 bond
brought only $3.50 in the market.
Congress. in the summer Of 1851. au-
thoriZed Chase to borrow $250.000. 900,
a fifth of which amount, at his option,
could be non-interest bearing notes. or
fiat money. At conference of Bos-
ton. New York and Philadelphia bank
ers. Chase bluntly said that he expect
ed them to buy *15o.ooO, 900 three-year
Treasury notes. bearing interest of
$40 per cent. which was 2 cents a
day, as he figured 1t. on each 500 Of
the loan.
IF you don't accept the proposal" he
threatened the bankers. Il will issue
bearing notes IL we have
to put out paper until it takes $1,000
to buy a breakfast"
The bankers purchased fifty millions
of the bonds Then they met Chase
at a dinner in Washington.
You have now received" their
spokesman said to the Secretary of the
Treasury, the vast sum of $4,000. 900.
We earnestly hope that this immense
sum will be sufficient to end the war.
Should it not prove enough. we wish
to notify you that you cannot depend
upon further aid from the associated
banks"
At a day not far away. the same
bankers, on the supposition that they
were financing the war, again revisited
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
INTERIOR OF BRUToN PARISH CHURCH

toric bell in the South. il not in the
Union. 1t rang out the news of the re-
peal of the Stamp Act in 1866 and Of
the adoption Of the first complete act
of sovereignty by any Of the colonies.
May Is, 1916. being thus six weeks
ahead Of the Philadelphia bell in pro-
claiming Independence. To the sound
of it's clear musical voice the Union
at the east end of the Duke of Glouce-
ster street and Continental flag run
up In Its place. Afterward. October 10,
1881, it celebrated the surrender of
Lord Corvallis. and later the peace
with Great Britain proclaimed in Will
liamsburg May 1, 1888"
Bruton Church, like all Episcopal
Churches in Virginia, fell upon hard
times during and after the American
revolution Church and state were sepa-
rated and the glebe lands were confis-
Gated. The congregation became very
small. Various Christian denomina-
lions used the church building for their
services. The ministers of Bruton from
the death of James Blair in 1743 were
Thomas Dawson, 1743 to 1859; William
Yates, 1859 to 1854; John Horrocks,
1864 to It'll; John Camm. 1871 to 1773;
John Bracken. 1878 to 1918: R. Keith.
1921 to 1926: William H. Wilmer. 1926
to 1927; Adam Empie. 1928 to 1886;
William Hodges. 1897 to 1S4S; Henry
Denison, 1s4S to 1852; George Wilmer.
1855; Thomas NJ. Amber. 1850 to 1879;
George Wilmer. second pastorate. 1872
to 1876; Jacquelin Meredith. 1876 to
1877; Henry Wall. 1877 to 1880; Alex
ander overly, 1880 to 1885: F. 6. Bureh.
1885 to 1887; Lyman B. Wharton, 1885,
IT G. Page 1885 to 1893: w T. Roberts,
1894 to 1902. and w. A R. Goodwin. the
historian of Bruton, a kindly and Iowa
BILE man. from that year until his death
a few years ago. He is held in affec-
tionate remembrance by all the people
of Williamsburg. The present minis
ter is the Rev. E. Ruffin Jones, who
mas been at Bruton for about six years
and is well remembered in Washing
ton as the assistant to DR.. McKim, pas
tor Of the Church of the Epiphany.
An interesting feature of Bruton
Church is that the pews have been
made memorials to men who were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

seen personally. Stirring articles, de-
scriptive mostly, were sent them for
publication. Sales agents even fol-
lowed the armies into the south and
took subscriptions for bonds from pri-
Yates and officers.
By the end OF 1883. as the books of
the government showed, $4,000 per
sons had become bondholders of the
Cooke wrote to Chase. thigh and low
rich and poor. white and black and of
all nations and tongues. trades, occu-
pations and professions"
The five hundred millions was sold.
and eleven millions more. Never be-
fore" Cooke wrote to his $500 busting
helpers. has any financial emergency
SO vast in its proportions been SO
eminent of floating the loan was
$1.40O.o0o. or about one-fourth OF 1 per
cent
John Sherman. in the Senate. said II
paid for negotiating large loan by
any government" Cooke himself re-
ceived 100000 for his services. which
he divided among his partners. after
tenth of the whole amount.
Other loans were voted. Cooke sold
the bonds. Chase. leaving the Treas
ury to run for President. was succeeded
tinued the arrangement with Cooke.
From February I to March 27. 1865,
Cooke sold 1857 100000 of bonds, his
average being more than three mil
the bonds.
The entire issue of 100000. 600 was
distributed. and new issue Of a like
amount was authorized by Congress.
This, also. was sold. Twenty EIGHT
thousand men and women became sub
scribers to this issue in a single week.
A third issue of the same series of
1870 bonds. amounting to $230.000.000,
rrnv 1nf1 70 hHy ha nd
women of the north. Seven hundred
millions Of the three issues was sold
in 140 days. Night offices for the con-
venieace of workingmen were opened
in number of the large cities. There
were seventeen such Offices in New
York. Clereymen, at the suggestion of
Cooke, asked their members from the
pulpit to subscribe for the bonds.
kk
Advertisements were printed in for
eign languages. Masonic and religious
periodicals. Cooke even persuaded the
rich Quakers OF Pennsylvania to take
large amounts of the loan. Out of 100
bond buyers at the night office in
Blocker street. New York. sixty were
mechanics. the others being clerks,
small merchants. sewing women. and
SO on.
IA new telegraph boy rushes in"
wrote Samuel Wilkeson. chief of the
press bureau. in one OF his descriptions
of the scene In Jay Cookies Philadelphia
ONCE. He throws down his dispatches.
Cooke opens them. saying: Keokuk,
Iowa, $4,000. That's well off to sun.
down. Good. Lowell. Mass. $4,000.
Good also. That's from the factory girls
McConnellsville. Ohio. $20.500. Nearly
all in fifties and one hundreds. Lafay-
cite. Ind, $10.300; Augusta. Me-: Louis
Vile, KY, Des Moines. Iowa, are heard
from: Second National Bank. Chicago.
$4,000. That's another rope to tie
the west to the east. Won't somebody
just tell me where will be the repudia-
ton OF the national debt that Is Diff
fused east and west and north and
south?"
BY these methods and in this manner
triotism of its citizens. financed it's
great war fifty years ago. No country
had ever made loans SO large or 90
cheaply.
Copyright. 1915. by James B. Morrowl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

Ecclesiastical Register by the Rev. j.
c. McCabe. who wrote an extensive &C
count of the church at the time when
the Rev. DR.. George Wilmer was the
which more nearly than others ap-
proaches completeness was written and
published by the Rev. W. A. R. Good
win, who became the minister of Bru-
ton in 1902, and who. after a number
of years of devoted labor in the ancient
parish. passed to his final reward. An
excellent and scholarly history of Bru-
ton has also been written by Lyon G..
Tyler. president of William and Mary
College.
The first minister of Bruton was the
Rev. Royland Jones, son of minister
OF the same name of Oxfordshire, Eng
land. Bruton's first minister was a
graduate of Oxford University. He was
born in 1910, became minister of Bru-
ton in 1874, and continued his service
to that parish until his death in 1888.
Members Of the first vestry of Bruton
parish were Daniel Parke, James Be-
south, Robert Cobbs and James Bray.
The first two churchwardens were Capt
Philip Chesley and William Aylett, and
the first clerk was Alexander Bonny-
man.
At the time of the creation of Bruton
parish, it is known that within the
old Marston Church and the Middle
Plantation Church, and it is believed
that the old church of Harop parish
was still in use. but even the site of
that church cannot now be ascertained,
though earnest efforts have been made
by Virginia churchmen and antigua
rians to locate it. The Middle Planta-
ton Church stood close to the site of
the present Bruton Church, and Mars
ton Church stood about FIVE miles
northeast of Williamsburg on a bit of
high land two miles east of the York
river and between Carriers creek and
Haring swamp.
In the year 1877 the Bruton parish
vestry decided that it would be better
to build a new brick church at Middle
Plantation than to repair the old frame
churches. and for this purpose it Is
recorded that money was subscribed
by the Rev. Rowland Jones, John Page,
Gideon Macon, Martin Gardiner and
Thomas Ludwell. Many others in the
parish gave literally. but the names of
most of the donors have not been pre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

DR.. Tyler and DR.. Goodwin mention
a number of gifts to the parish and
the names of the donors from the time
of the completion of the church for a
number Of years onward. and among
these gifts were large silver service
presented in 1884 by Gov. Sir Edmund
Andres. gold pulpit cloth and cushion
by Mrs. Alice Page and a church Bible
by Capt. Baldwin Matthews. The font
stone was brought from England in
1891, and it is believed that the font
now in the church is that stone, part
of the font of the last church at James
town being preserved in the Spotswood
Powder Horn. a few hundred yards
from Bruton Church. and of which the
Rambler has previously written. A bell
was hung in the steeple of Bruton, for
the first time in iii. 1t was the ship S
bell of the English man-of-war Gar
land, which was wrecked in that year
ON the coast of North Carolina while
operating against pirates who were
active in the waters along the coast.
The stores of the warship were recov-
cred and Gov. Spotswood had the bell
brought to Williamsburg and gave it
to Bruton Church.
The growth of Middle Plantation on
becoming seat of government in sue