davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
GERMAN PRESS DERIDES
CHURCHILL AND ASOUITH
Newspapers Say beginning of the End in England Is
Shown by Departure of Kitchener and With
drawal of Sir Edward Carson.

his strength for better days, with Lord
Kitchener travelling to distant lands,
taking with him to India the RESPONSE
bility for his deeds with Mr.. Churchill
unwilling to go on playing now that the
FIRST violin is taken away from him. who
will be the next to go?
WIFI II be double tongued Grey?
Perhaps Premier Asquith will now cheer
fully assume the Office OF Chancellor OF
the Duchy Of Lancaster. but whether
when the the other colleagues ha We
vanished from the orchestra he will
remain as the la with the big drum
is very questionable"
DONE Trust Grey"
The Vienna Neue Fretc Pressc says
Prime Minister Asquith is like a man
walking In his sleep who climbs over
walls and roofs, but falls down when n
loud cry wakes him. The cry Of terror
Of IA dying nan is coming from Serbia
In tho Balkans. Don't trust Grey has
become a household word. An expendi-
ture Of more thar 100000 crowns
Cs20. O0.o00) a day, Of a total expendi-
ture for one year of more h a.
900. 900. 200 crowns. $4,000. o0o. 0Oo) IL
havoc which rouses thoughts"
Arc they really childish enough In
ssht w uSh5 'tS Oio IN
VoIksseitung, that merely By the pres.
ence OF his " illustrious self Lord
Kitchener can bring a change in condi.
tons In the Balkans? II Lord Kitchener
goes 90 Macedonia he'll probably alsc
have n peep at Gallipoii or while aboard
his ship glance through his field glasses
Mt the coast of Asia Minor. Is It OF
u C experiences that the English has,
hopes OF future great Successes?
III they do. their simplcmlndednes.
surely borders IN idiocy. In the mean
time in England things are passing from
bad to worse. Disunion prevails on al
sides. The people are Disguised with tn,
Government. which they overwhelm will
bitterest criticism. and with oceans o
fresh proposals Of all kinds.
THE Government In it's helplessnes'
meets each Of these proposals half way
though knowing full well that nothing
can relieve the desperate state OF things
Scarcely II n project adopted and al
attempt made to carry IL into execution
when the people discover that 1t does no
go to the root of the evil.
Searching and cropping Tor fresh meas
ures begin anew. There Is helplessnesa
In the Government. helplessness In IN,
press. helpleseness in Parliament. Thi
Is the condition 10 which events Of tn,
war have reduced the English nation
When the gods wish to destroy tn!
first make mad"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
AUSTRIAN TRENCH TAKEN.
Italians storm aud Capture TO
sition NOrthwest Of GOrits.
SDeciol Gable DeSpafck 70 I

Speciol t0oft Desp0fch 10 lHE Sun.
ROME, Nov. 1.-THE official statement
issued by the Italian War Office tod!
follows:
Along the entire front there WAS
great artillery activity. the enemy
aiming to destroy the defences OF tho
villages occupied by our troops.
On November II the cnem: bonn
barded with .305 projectiles the vii.
lagos OF l3cca and Bezzeca in this
CDncei Valley. Yesterday they again
bombarded the villages of Mossa aud
l.ucinico. in the lsunzo plain, reiuc-
ing them TO smoking ruins.
On the heights northwest of Goritz
our infantry captured at the point of
the bayonet a strong inLrenchinent
across the torrent. finding numerous
dead and much war material.
Ou the carso plateau, in the zone
Of Mopte san Michele, on the nigh,
OF November ID and the morning az
November /. the enemy renewed un
successfully his attacks on our re-
Gently conquered positions. leaving
IN our hands two machine guns aud
SIXTY prisoners. including one officer.
Yesterday enemy a~eroplares hon,-
harded Ala, east OF Lake Garda. There
were no casualties and no, damage
Mas done.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18

Decree Authorizing war ReGuisi-
lions Issued Mt Bucharest.

ROME, Nov. 1.-THE Rumanian OFF,
cial journal prints a decree authorizing
the Minister OF Wa TO requisitlon mmr-
diately all material necessary for rhe
rational defence, according to a Bucha-
rest despatch to the Corrtere della SerI
IT Milan.
The articles enumerated in the decree
include metals, wearing apparel. meii-
clnes, cloth. machines for factories max
ing military supplies, combustibles. rail-
way material and all kinds Of craft for
river traffic. The decree requires trades
men to declare their stocks OF these
articles.
The Corricrc della Serd sces In this
decree an indication that Ruinania con-
siders It impossible to maintain her
neutrality much longer.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18

or this case the German Government
has let 1t be- known that IL cannot and
will not accede to President Wilson'S
original deman for a disavowal, tak!ng
the position that it is impossible to dis
avow an act which was In accordance
with tn. orders of the German Admiralty
and which Germany has In many ways
sought to justify.
Regarding reparation. also demanded
by this Government In the Lusitania
case, Germany Is prepared to offer arbi-
tration at The Hague. II is ready to
propose that the arbitral tribunal de-
eide first whether Germany IL liable
for the loss of life in that case and also
what Indemnity she should pay the
United States for the death of more
than 100 Americans lost with the shin.
The President is understood TO be op-
posed To an arbitration involving the
lives of American citizens. There IL
little expectation. therefore, In Wash
ington that the Iusitania case will reach
a settlement in the near future.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
'PETROGRAD CLAIMS
NEW TEUTON BREAK
Retirement West Of Dwinsk
and Loss Of Ammunition
Reported.
A1RMEN HIT w LINES
Special cable Despatch to TINS srx


LONDON, Nov. Unavailable reports
on the military situation In Russia in
dictate that the Cars forces, as for the
past several days. have the upper hand.
To-day the Germans appear to be falling
back from tho Lake Swenton district
west Of Dwinsk. where there have al
ready been many sanguinary conflicts.
The Germans have abandoned trenches
there. lea wing stores and ammunition.
1t appears also from the Russian re-
port that the Germans have suffered In
this region from "A daring flight OF one
of their own Zeppelins. for the bombs
intended for the Russian i~ntrenohments
fell into their own camp with disastrous
effect.
There Is indication that the recent
successes OF the Russian troops In the
north have caused jubilation in Russia.
An article appearing recently In the
Noroc Iremyd calls upon the people TO
remember the great tasks that still lie
before them. The enemy" II says. AS
signs n Maxim CUR 10 each ten men, and
his artillery Is ~1bundantly supplied with
ammunition"
The official statement issued tonight
by the Russian Mar Orice follows:
Along the northern front In the re-
gion about Riga there has been an
interchange of firing.
In tne ulstVlrt on inc DWlHb ttiNeT
about F'riedrichstadt and ~Jacobstadt
everything Is quiet. Below Dwinsk
the enemy's attempts to cross the
Dwina were repulsed.
West Of Dwlnsk. in the region
about Lake Swenton. the Germans
have abandoned their trenches. to-
gcther with a quantity Of ammunition
and stores.
A Zeppelin few over Dwinsk dis
trict me dropped bombs, some OF
which fell INTO German trenches. ef-
fecting heavy losses.
Between Dwinsk and the Pripet
| nothing IL reported.
Along the southern front the Tight
ing continues on the left bank OF the
S,yr. Near SartOrysk the enemy at
tackled. but was dispersed several
times at the approach to the river.
Artillery engagements continue fur
Their south and In Galicla.
The German statement regarding op
eratiuns in Russia was as follows
! Russian destroyers yesterday bonn
1 barded Pet.ngge. on the northern
coast OF Courland. and the rcgion to
the southwest thereof. Otherwise the
situation is unchanged.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
GERMANS ACCUSED.
Survivors say Scat sinking
Firense Was Kaiaep's.

PARIS. Nov. 17.--The Rome cor
respondent Of the Journal telegraphs
thai the investigators of the Italian
Government have learned that the sub.
marine which sank the Firenze was Ger
man. All the rescued passengers and
crew seem to agree On this. They say
that first a German. then IN Austrian
nag vas hoisted.
One Of the passengers Of the Flrerze,
a Swiss named Konel. declares that from
tho lifeboat in which he was being con.
veyed he sighted Il submarine making
for a Greek steamer we'll out to sca.
In connection with this hint that Teu.
ton undersea craft may be securing sup.
plies surreptitiously from neu,ml cram
or neutral shores, the Journals rog.
respondent at Madrid says that the Brit.
ish Government has requested III" span.
ish Government to keep a strict watch
along it's shore line. especially ,,lns
Morocco. to prevent German agents f'om
getting supplies to herman suoma-ines'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
10000 ARABS WITH BRITISH.
Force Near BRgdad Reinforced ny
Friendly Trib~smen.

LoSpoN. Nov. IA report has
reached london through German sources
that IL, 900 Arabs have Joined with the
British army in Mesopotamia. This
army IL said to he approaching Bagdad
There is also n ruinor current tina,
Djemai Pasha, Turkish Minister of Ma.
rine, IL secretly engaged In orr anizina
A rebellion against the Turkish Govern
ment In Syria and Palestine. The Athens
Messeng ger. which is credited with this
assertion by the Havas News Agency
declares that Djemal Pasha has always
been friendly to the Allies.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
BRITAIN DROPS WAR LOAN TAX
Com O Adds Clause to Finance
BiIl tn Encourage Subscribers.

LONDON, Nov. 1.-THE House of Com
mons added "A clause to the finance bill
to-day empowering ahe Treasury to
make al future loan issues. whether ,s-
sued here or abroad. free from the in
come tax.
The measure was adopted on the mo-
ton of Edwin samuel Montaeu, Finan-
cial Secretary to the Treasury. who said
that ii was found necessary to make such
u provision when the recent Anglo
French loan was issued in New York and
that the imposition of the Income tax
hal proved "A serious bar to obtaining
foreign subscriptions to loans in the
past, with the exemption. he said. n
great increase in foreign subscriptions
t. future loans had been assured
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
U BOAT SPARED LINER
TO SAVE THE HYPHENS
Held Up Italian Ship, Then
Freed II, German-Amcri-
cans Being on Board.
!sp,cio, Gable Despnfoh 10 THr srS

Special Gable Despdfch 10 THE suS.
ROME, Nov. lit is announced hers
that no great alarm Is now felt over
tho so-called submarine menace in .he
Mediterranean. British. French and
Italian authorities believe they are now
able to cope with the problem produced
by the presence OF Teuton undcrsea
boats.
The only reported disturbance Of tai.
ian navigation to-day was that "a Ger.
man submarine stopped the Italian
steamship Milano in h e Mediterranean.
but spared her and allowed her 10 90
on her way because German-Americans
were among the passengers.
The italian cruiser Piemontc. sheiIi.c
the Bulgarian port Of DedeaEasch last
Friday. drove of . submarine with her
guns.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
WILSON PLEA FOR HILLSTROM.
Utah Governor weighs Last tp-
peal for COndemncd,

SALT LAKE CITY, Nov. Ito, So
was engaged tonight in ser.ou. ,.'-
sideration of President Wilson's last ~-I-
reservations regarding the life NJ Jos~pn
Hillstrom.
After "A conference of several hour,
with State officials. following the re',.p'
OF a telegram from the Whi'e IloIsr. sa
announced Tonight that tn" Wtre
would he taken up again tO-mo'ros,
when II will come before the Bo,li OF
fardons in special session.
Meanwhile preparations for the eSerr-
ton OF Hillstrom are going ahead a. 'Ns
state prison. The usual | W. ". 90
rest meetings were held tonight.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
BRITAIN CHARGES RADIO PLOT,
Plant at DcerinR, Me-, said 10 he
Violating a.. =. Rules.

WAsHINGToN, Nov. 17.-As n result Of
representations on the part ~ the
British Embassy, the Navy Department
probably will make an investigation of
the operations of a wireless station at
Deering, Me. near Portland.
Officials Of the embassy have been ad-
vised that the station IL communicating
with vessels AT sea and operating in
violation, OF the regulations issued by
the United States at the outset of the
war, Whether 1t has attempted trans
atlantic communication is not known.
The Deering station has been under
observation before. 1t was closed and
watched at the time Of it's construction
since the outbreak OF the war. The
understanding has been that the station
was to act an a receiving station for
the plant at Tuckerton, which Is de-
voted entirely to sending across the
Atlantic.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
REBUFFED.
o.. =. Envoy offered tn Ala Serb
Refugees In Rumnnia.
Special Cdb'e Despatch TO THE srS.

NTt'FII NHV'F |t0VIF'W To W
LoSDoN. Nov. lS.-The Times CORE
%spondent at Turnu-Severin. dating his
despatch November 10. says
''The serbian refugees here n In
this vicinity number 5000. All the
river villages are crowded with refugees.
The Austrian authorities at kladovo are
rying to induce then to return and
more than 5000 have done so. II is
stated that the Austrlans are giving
money to those who return to their
fumes.
Charles Nopicka. the American Min
ister : Bucharest. proposed to guaran-
tee their safety on receipt of written
authorization from his Austrian and
German colleagues, but this was re-
fused
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
SPAIN HAS CABINET CRISIS.
MInistry Will Resign Unlcsa Arm,
Reform Is AdOpted.

MADRID. Nov. l7.-Demands for "a re-
form Of SPANS military system reached
IA crisis to-day, when Lieut., Gen. Echague,
Minister of War, presented "A reform
measure to Parliament, I'nless the
measure was passed, he said, he Min
istry would resign Immediately.
Count Romanones. former Premier,
declares that the annual army budget Of
$50, 900 900 should provide for 1000
more soldiers than the present peace
footing Of 100000.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
BRITISH BILLIONS FOR ALLIES.
Chancellor Says War Loans VIII
Reach Total 81 S2,374.I25.OOO.

LONpoN. Nov. l~7.-Reginald McKenna,
Chancellor OF the British Exchequer. an
bounced to-day that British loans made
or promised TO other countries since the
beginning OF the war total fi7i,S25,UVO
ts2 S1i,l25 ,00OJ.
Premier Asquith in his defence Of the
coalition Cabinet ~ November . stated
in the House of Commons that England
had up to that time advanced to the
Allies fi23, 000, 600 Us2.li5. O00, 1000.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
GERMAN RAIDERS F0ILED.
Swedish Torpedo boat Prevents
violation Of Neutrality.
Special table Despatch 10 TIE 81

Special tabie Despatch 10 The SUS.
LONDON. Nov. ia despatch from
Copenhagen says that the British
steamer Thelma, which has been at
Trelleborg since the beginning of the
war. sailed for Gothenburg and was
chased yesterday by the German de-
stroyer W-l32 to the Swedish territorial
limit. There she was held up and the
Germans began to board her.
The Swedish torpedo boat Pollux ar
rived and Insisted that the boarders quit
the Thelma. The Germans demurred.
The Pollux ran between the two ships
and declared that II intended to do
anything necessary TO prevent the
Thelma from being seized. II cleared
Its decks for action.
The two war vessels remained silently
threatening each other for some time :
then the Germans steamed southwark
and disappeared.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
G0RTTZ FIGHTING sLACKENs.
Italian Artillery Less Active, Say,
Vienna War Office.

'PI0''1 ""F H'NVUV'W 70 IHE SIN,
VIENNA, via Berlin II London, Nov.
l7.-The Austrian official statement is
sued to-day regarding the Italian theatre
OF war follows:
About Goritz there were small in
fantry actions. The Italian artillery
Is less active.
our a'rinen dropped bombs on
Brescta and caused several fires.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
TURKS AWAIT KAISER.
Perm Palace Hotel To he Occupied
b, General stan.

PARIS. Nov. l1.-Detalls of the prepara-
tons to receive the Kaiser in Constanti-
nople are forwarded by the Havas cor
respondent In Athens. He reports that
numerous houses have been requlsitioned
for the officers of the Emperor's suite.
Tire Pera Palace Hotel Is TO he occu-
pied by the General stair.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
BRIT0NS HELD ON U. 8. BARK.
Prise Crew Orders Her 10 scottish
Port. but Gale Upsets Plan.

CHRIsTIANIA, Nov. 1.-THE American
bark Andrew WEIGH arrived last rgh,
AT Christiansand in tow OF the Steame-
Rutland. after having been visited lbs a
British prize crew OF the shetland
Islands and ordered 10 sail for Lerwick
A heavy storm which sprang mp forced
the captain of the bark to steer for .thsr.
deem. but later II was found impos> be
10 make that port, and. in spite Of ne
British Lieutenant n five men Nh,
boarded her. the bark made 1er W..
the Norwegian coast.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
WON'T TAKE F0RD'S MONEY.
Reminded That He Opposed Loan
"DRily Mail" Drops AdvcrtisinG.
Special cable Despatch to THE sus.

SPftTU' '""0f U'sV'F'" To THE StN'
LONDON. Nov. ls.-Whcn Henry Ford
announced his hostility to the Anglo
French loan the Times editorially sug-
gested "A British boycott against the
Ford cars, Nevertheless the Times
soon afterward displayed advertise
ments for the cars. The DaiIy Mdtt on
Tuesday devoted an entire front page
advertisement to the cars.
In to-day's issue the Man announces
In a conspicuous manner hat "a cor
respondent has drawn our attention. Ia
this advertisement After referring tc
Mr.. Ford's hostility to Great Britain
particularly to the Anglo-French loan
II adds:
1--WE have decided that as long as
Mr. Ford maintains this hostile atti.
tude no more OF his advertisements will
be allowed 10 appear In the AGN.s
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
BIG ROME
Army and Navy Heads To Discuss
situation with Cabinet.

ROME, Nov. 1.-THE correspondent OF
THE SuS is informed that military and
naval commanders in chief and other high
officers Of both branches nave been sum-
moned to confer with the Ministers In
connection with imminent developments
in the war which will probably will be
decided upon this evening at the Cabinet
council.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
JObless, Hides Ills Nationality,
Special Gable Despatch 10 TBs srs.

PLYMOUTH, England, Nov. l7-An-
ton Karl Felix Bernhard Kruger, the
German sailor who was taken off the
American sailing ship Brynhilda at this
port Monday, has been sentenced to six
months in prison. lie posed as a Swede
under the name OF Andersen, lie made
the plea that It was impossible for him
to get work in New York as long as it
was known that he was a German.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
Reports Panic In MOnastir.
Special cable Despaich % TnE SUI.

LONDON, Nov. IA despatch from
6~alonica under yesterdays date says:
There Is panic IN Monastir as IA con-
sequence of the Bulga. ian advance from
Gostiyar. The pOpulace is fleeing,
Several Of the foreign consuls have left
Monastir for Salonica,"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18

THE shaded portion of the accompanying map shows the part of
Serbia still in control Of the Serbians or their allies. The frons
tier of "Old Serbia" as that country was constituted before the access
sions of territory which resulted from the first Balkan war, is shown
by a line of crosses.
Bulgarian forces, moving south from Tetovo (Kakandelen), have
taken Krusevo and are now reported six miles west of Prlep. At the
same time the reports indicate that the Serbians who have been hold.
ing the Babuna Pass against a superior force of Bulgarians arc hard
pressed. The forcing of this pass would add to the peril already men,
assured.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
Germany Apologies To Norway.
Special cattle Despatch to TUE sry

CHRisTIANIA. via London. Nov. IT,
The German Government has apologized
10 Norway for the sinking of the Nor
wegian steamship CLINT by "A German
submarine on September I and has
vessel.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
RerIin Reports Artillery Duels.

BERLIN. via London, Nov. 1I.-Army
headquarters issued the following official
statement to-day:
Apart from artillery duels and min
ing warfare at certain points on the
front there IL nothing TO report.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
.specioi Csbie Dsspafeh to Tnx sus.

BERLIN, via London. Nov. 1.-THE
reclamation from the British Cabinet of
Winston Spencer Churchill Is hailed by
the German press as a forecast Of the
beginning Of the end In England. The
Cologne Gazette declares:
1T Ia With mixed tears Of regret and
10y that We see tho complete disappear
ance of the man who wanted to dig out
the German feet like rats from their
holea, who wanted to employ against
Germany the Iknout which produces eco
nomic syncope.
I'VE shall miss the speeches Of this
man AZ much Ms the English missed his
deeds. This retirement IL also signin-
cant Of the internal collapse of the Gov
ernment which made tho world war.
IAN obituary notice 10 unnecessary. The
German public already have the right
idea OF Mr.. Churchill as that Of q da&
aler not without talent, but without
seriousness or strength. He was an am
bilious man who climbed into Office with
a speed surprising even In England.
"He wanted to have n considerable
share In the easy and rapid defeat OF
the Germans and 10 reap al fruit OF
victory the highest office Of the state.
He wanted to climb upon the ruins of the
German navy and German economic
life, u Antwerp and the Dardanelles
were facts which gave tho lie to his
boastful words"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
Redmond Against ConscrIption.
cable Despatch 10 THE SUI

SpecidT FdbTe Uespdfch 70 THE Sun.
LONDON, Nov. 1.-THE Daily Mail un-
ders,and. that loh u. Redmond, tho
irish Nationalist leader, has Informed
Premier Asquith that no compulsory
military service for Ireland could ever
be accepted by the Irish N~atlonalists.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
AMERICANS SHELL BUDAPEST.
Doctors s~ouvenirs From serbia Ex-
pIode-Dr. Ryan Arrested.
Special Cable Despatch to THE srs

ROME. Nov. lI--An accidental ex-
plasion Of shells. war relies carried from
Serbia by the American Fed Cross Com
mission. In the Budapest railway station
yesterd,y got the American physicians
and nurses into trouble and caused the
arrest cf Nv. Edward Ryan, the head OF
the a%n,i-typhus medical corps. Several
persons were slightly injured by the ex-
plosion. which created IA panic.
DIR Ryan explained that the shells.
which were I'm his luggage. were v
Mrs Of the American commission
work III Serbia. but he was locked NJ
and was not released until the American
Consul made vigorous representations to
the authorities. The Red Cross Com
mission is on its way from Belgrade to
Vienna.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-11-18
See No Change In war.

The Frankfurter Zeitun0 says:
This departure will scarcely produce
q change In the course OF the war. II
will probably have little influence upon
the question as TO whether peace is near
or distant.
AT bottom. the presence OF such che
ments as a man Hike Mr.. Churchill Ia no
disadvantage to us. but Mr.. Churchill's
overthrow deserves attention as q further
sign OF the crumbling process which be-
gan with the reconstruction Of the Cabi-
net early last summer and was continued
with Sir Edward Carson's resignation.
AS Mr.. Churchill was one Of the
main representatives of the war idea,
we are justified In registering some salts
faction In an event which Is In itself OF
little importance
The Hamburger Ndchrfchtcn declares
with Sir Edward Carson withdrawn
! from the college Of twenty-five to a v