davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Graham guardian., 1915-09-03
SEPTEMBER 8. 1915
MUST HAVE GOOD ROADS

Good roads for Graham county
That's the slogan. Are they no
needed? There can be no doubt o.
the answer and the people must have
them.
The matter of highway through
the county, connecting with Green
lee county on the east and GlI'
county on the northwest is one ot
absolute necessity to complete The
Southern National Highway. The
work on the approaches and thl
highway between the two new
bridges, one across the Gila rive
and the other across the San Carlos
river, will be started soon, accord
ing to word received from Washing
ton, and the highway through tht
county to the bridges should bC
commenced without delay.
The building of the highway alsC
means better feeders. Every roaC
leading to the highway should bt
put in first. class condition. A new
road from the valley to Bonita
through Stockton Pass or Hog can
yon has been included in every plar
relating to good roads in the county
and this road will certainly be ac'
complished.
1t costs money to build good roads
but no etter return for the money
spent can be devised than to have
the very best roads possible, and
Graham county should not be be.
hind any other county when it comes
to having good roads.
An election for bond issue of
$3.50, 900 should be held at the earliest
possible date and the work of build
ing the highway and a new road to
Bonita should be commenced just as
soon as funds are available.
Every citizen of Graham county
is interested in good roads and
realizes the necessity for having
good thoroughfares for their con-
venience in travelling through the
county. If the bond election could
be held at an early date, it would
mean the employment of our farmers
at time when they could accept
work on the roads and not inter
fere with their farm work. This
means that the money for building
the highway, the new road to Bonita
and the feeders to the highway
would remain in the county and
would be a source of income at a
time of the year when the farmer
has little to do on the farm.
There is no question in the minds
of any citizen of the county but
that something must be done right
away in the matter of good roads
Every county in the State has been
busy on good roads. Bond issues
have been carried in every election
that has been called, and in several
instances new elections for more
road bonds will be held for the pur.
pose of continuing the work.
Graham county should not be a lag
gard in the good roads movement and
the board of supervisors should get
busy and order an election for road
bonds, so that the work can commence
and be finished before the new year.
1t means much to Graham county
to have good passable roads all the
months in the year, it also means a
great deal to the travelling public
from the East and the West to be
able to come this way and feel that
their journey can be continued over
the best roads in the county and not
delayed, as they are now, by the
river or bad roads.
Let US make the slogan, Good
Roads for Graham County" the
most popular phrase among our
people.
Graham guardian., 1915-09-03
SPEED PROGRAM STATE
FAIR

The following speed program for
this years State fair was prepared
at a recent meeting of the Fair
Commission at their offices in Phoe.
nix. AS it is of much interest to
Arizona horse owners and horse
fanciers, it is printed in full.
Graham guardian., 1915-09-03
COUNTY TAX RATES

The returns from ali the counties
in the State on the tax rate levied
for this year shows that Apache
county has the highest rate, 81 so,
and Cochise county the lowest, 81 OF.
The rates fixed in the several
counties are as follows:
Graham guardian., 1915-09-03

Charles W. SmithSon, brought in
from the flanagan ranch, near
Lebanon. Saturday. a tomatOe
weighing "a ounces. This was just
a specimen of the fine tomatoes
grown this year on Mr.. Smithson's $
place.
Graham guardian., 1915-09-03

Smiths Nursery presented this
Office with a peach weighing one
pound. The fruit was II inches in
circumference and of fine flavor.
Graham guardian., 1915-09-03
ANOTHER SOLUTION

Il have solved one problem.
won't have a lot of soiled dishes or
hand when my wife gets home"
"How's that?"
I've broken most of EN-"
Graham guardian., 1915-09-03

Just what causes tidal
waves has been a subject Of
much interest to learned
men all over the world.
The term tidal wave is
enormously applied to al
most any unexpected wave
Graham guardian., 1915-09-03

Time probably will never solve
this question: Which is the worst,
a sorehead or a swell head?
Graham guardian., 1915-09-03

Cool De- 4, .s.C-.L-,., C.,-.-..,,
The Washington times., 1915-02-21

war; for there is not in the long his
tory of the civil war blockade a
single instance of a blockade runner
being deliberately sent to the bottom
without making examination, or with
the loss of the lives of her crew. The
United States and the Confederacy
were both scrupulously correct in re-
gard to caring for human life. The
commerce-destroying Confederate
ships, such as the Mobile and the
Alabama, never failed, before sink
ing a prize, to take off and save the
crew. The German program of sink
ing vessels without notice, and with
out attempting to save lives on
board, is a new and barbarous one
which the United States cannot
couhtenance, and which is abhor-
rent to every usage of even the most
rigorous war.
The Washington times., 1915-02-21
Weeks Summary For
Your ScrdpbOOk

SUNDAY February 1.-THE Lusana Liverpool flying Brit
h flag Captain Dow saying he might American flag il
circumstances warranted Russians force Ausans south
through the Dukla Pass in the Carpatians Germans gain
slight advantage French in Champagne district but
epused Arracourt. Count eernsor urges United
States protest against holding Of Wlheina by
MONDAY February 5Russans retire along the Nemen before
German Ambassador Gerard invited Kaiser
the front regarding seizure Of the wihelmna Germans take
Norroy from the French.
a declaring that Germany will yield United
States but ntimates that the blockade
dered may be cancelled food shipments are permitted to reach
Germany French office reports German attacks in
Lorraine and Alsace repulsed Fighting zone
from the Nemen to the Vistula, continues
"WEDNESDAY February 7.German war zone crisis at critical
stage. German Admiral Behnke hands to American
bassy statement admitting lack of caused
Germany declare the blockade British government places
prize aboard Whelmna Forty British and French
planes and aeoplanes make raid in history against
German positions of Belgium dropping 24O bombs
French gain in Agonne Ypres in Champagne and
Rheims. Germans capture Plock and Bielsk.
THURSDAY February ls-German blockade Of British
begins with sinking of British collier Duwich and
French Vile de Lille. Final British Wash
ngton offers statistics prove American has
been seriously injured England will alter policy of de-
tanning and searching American ships French report notable
Aras Rheims Champagne district Argonne,
and Aace Germans Russians have been defeat
ed East Prussia and $4,000 Russians have been captured
FRIDAY February leGeman reply to protest of United States
against proclamation of in all British handed
of Berlin Government makes concessions regarding
blockade order methods forced
adoption of retaiato methods Two Zeppelns destroyed of
Of Denmark. French report 'front.'
including capture of Norroy, in Lorraine.
SATURDAY, February 2O.-Norwegian Nordcap and
French Dinorah damaged by German mines
marines in English Channel British government gives
two notes addressed to Washington In the first it airms
right hold Wlhemna's cargo. In the second Sir Edward
Grey that practice of using neutral flags by merchant
vessels will be limited.
The Washington times., 1915-02-21
JAPAN'S BIG CHANGE

This months elections in Japan
will decide for the time-and prob
ably for Observation-Disclosures the
island empire is to attempt to hold
It's "place in the sun" by a great
military establishment and break it's
hack in the attempt, or whether it
will insure to itself greater power
and prosperity by policy of fair
play and live-and-let-live attitude to-
ward its neighbors.
Because chiefly the jingo papers
are widely quoted here we are likely
to get the idea that the Japanese
people are drunk with the vision of
an empire conceived in Bismarckism
and built in blood and fire. On the
contrary the truly great men of
Japan, like great men everywhere,
realize that an empire born of these
principles of foul play and force
cannot endure. Built only by the
sword, it must surely perish by the
sword. whether it goes down in ac-
IAal conflict or slowly crushes itself
The Washington times., 1915-02-21
IOHN WALTER SMITH

It is not always that member OF
the District Committee of either
house Of Congress has the chance to
serve his constituents and the Dis
trict equally well at the same time.
Senator Smith, chairman of the up
per house District Committee, has
found and grasped that chance.
When the Office of Markets of the
District government asked appropri-
ations for adequate and sanitary IA
cilities at the municipal fish wharves,
for the proper handling of food prod
ucts from river points, the item
seemed at first likely to be lost by
reason of the indifference of Con-
gress, especially Of the House, which
struck it out. But Senator Smith
rescued it, and through the Senate
subcommittee of Appropriations,
handling District items, it was re-
stored to the measure. 1t has re-
mained in the bill, and is now in con-
ference.
Not only are the people of Wash
ington interested in this item, but
so are those of five big counties in
Maryland and seven counties in Vir-
ginia, which have business with
Washington in these lines. The item
ought, from every standpoint, to re-
main in the bill, and it probably will,
thanks to the intelligent efforts Of
Senator Smith and the other friends
of Tho District in tho Senate
The Washington times., 1915-02-21

under the weight of military bud
gets.
japan with a population of trifie
more than fifty millions is now car
rying national debt of $1,254, ,72O,-
600. Ohe-third of the income of ev-
cry citizen goes for taxes in one
form or another. In an Anglo-Saxon
country this condition would result
in revolution. And the real states
men Of Japan see clearly that their
countrymen cannot stand another
successful" war. One more "glor-
ious conquest" and the empire would
go into bankruptcy.
This is the party whose leaders
are making an earnest attempt to
get control of the government. Their
plan is to strengthen China and
win her friendship on an honest
basis; for strong China would be
buffer between japan and the
pressure Of the Slav. They under
stand that our position on the Cali
fornia question is not born of hos
tility to the Japanese either as a
people or as a world power. It is a
vital part of their plan to convince
the United States that our proffers
of friendship and our assurances of
good will are accepted as they are
offered-in good faith. They want
our help to bolster up China and give
China a chance as free people.
, The immediate issue on which they
take their stand is the necessity for
keeping to the letter, and going even
beyond the spirit of the promise to
return Kiaochow to China without a
string and without compensation"
BY this one act they believe, and
rightly, they will have gone more
than half way toward the end on
which the whole policy must be built
the trust and friendship of China
and the United States.
Kiaochow is Japan's big chance,
and the big men Of Japan are fight
ing to make the most Of it.
The Washington times., 1915-02-21
CAN ENGLAND BLOCK
ADE GERMANY?

There is nothing Great Britain
would rather do than blockade Ger
many. The world has been expecting
tho declaration of a formal blockade
by the British admiralty ever since
the war began, but the closest ap-
proach to one has been the patrol
ing of the Peterhead-Egersund line
and the proclaiming of war zone
in the North Sea. These measures
have cut off almost entirely COM
merce between the United States and
Germany, and have curtailed Scandi-
navian trade with the Fatherland, but
in spite of them Germany manages
to get through much from Holland,
Norway, Sweden, and Denmark that
is of inestimable value to her. Ger
man warships have occasionally
cluded British scouts and attacked
English towns, while others have
passed out to the Atlantic to wage
war on British merchant vessels.
The question arises, can England
establish an effective blockade?
Should she expose the force neces-
sary to make it effective, it would
run the hazard of being attacked at
any minute by mine, torpedo, c-
formidable squadron. 1t would give
Germany the chance to whittle down
her enemy's fleet, ship by ship, and
Germany has demonstrated that she
knows how to take advantage Of
such opportunities. Nothing, per-
haps, would be more welcome to Ger
many than for England to declare a
blockade, inasmuch as England al
ready has isolated Germany nearly
as much as is possible even with a
blockade.
Winston Spencer Churchill, first
lord of the British admiralty, once
designated the German fleet as a
"luxury," and declared that the
Kaiser's warships would be "dug out
like rats in a hole" But that was
soon after the war began, and Mr..
Churchill is wiser now. The Ger
mans have found their water legs,
and have given no mean account Of
their efficiency and audacity. If Ger
many is not blockaded, it probably
will be because England cannot af-
ford to expose her warships to the
dangers of attrition with the German
Geet under such circumstances as a
blockade would afford.
The Washington times., 1915-02-21
KAISER REMAKING
BLOCKADE RULES

THE usage Of nations in re-
cent times has led to agree
ment that a blockade must
be more than a mere paper
declaration of intent to
blockade. There must be, in
short, such a demonstration
of naval power as will be
sufficient actually to prevent
merchant ships getting
through the blockading lines.
How is the world to know
whether Germany has a
large enough force of SUBJ
marines to make her block
ade effective? They are not
to be seen. Their business
is to keep out of sight. 1t is
true that under the practice
heretofore, the destruction
Of an occasional ship cannot
be regarded as proof that a
real blockade has been es-
tablished but . just as
some people are more afraid
of ghosts than they are Of
burglars, so a good many
mariners will be more afraid
Of the submarine which they
cannot see than Of the crns-
er which they could see.'
The Washington times., 1915-02-21
Washington Alumni of
Sigma NJ Holds Feast

Congressman John N. Evans of Mon
tana was the principal speaker at the
annual banquet Of the Washington
Alumni of Sigma Nu in the oak room Of
the Raleigh Hotel last night. Frank II.
Iden. president of the Washington
branch, was toastmaster. Other speak
ers were w. r. Hood, OF the Bureau OF
Education: V, p. Hirst. OF the Univer-
sity OF Virginia: A. II. Wilson. past
regent: 4. Dawson Trundle, of Pooles-
villc. Md Paul NJ. Spencer. grand chap
lain Of the national organization. and
r. l.. LonGsuest
The Washington times., 1915-02-21
ALEXANDRIA WOMEN
SET PEACE MEETING
Will Gather Tomorrow. With
Wilson L. Gill as the Princi.
pal Speaker.

ALEXANDRIA, Va, Feb. 2l.-The
Alexandria branch Of the Women's
Peace Party will hold an open meet
Ing tomorrow afternoon in Lee Camp
Hall. This will be the first Of a series
OF meetings which will be given by
the organization to obtain the as
sistance OF Alexandrians in the move
nent to bring about peace in Europe.
The principal speaker will be Wilson
l.. Gill. OF Philadelphia, president Of
the American Patriotic League. and
addresses will be made by Mrs.
George A. Armes and Mrs. Logan. Of
Washington. Mrs. T. Marshall Jones.
chairman Of the branch. will preside.
Among the musical numbers will be
solos by Mrs. Robert Forsythe Down
ham and Mrs. Wilmer Joyce Waller.
and a piano duet by Mrs. Frederick p.
Russell and Mrs. Edgar Warfield.
Delegates to the annual meeting OF
tho George Washington National Ma
sonic Memorial Association COM
menced to arrive in Alexandria this
morning and committees Of Masons
are arranging for their accommoda-
ton. AS fast as the delegates arrive
they are taken to Headquarters,
in Masonic Temple. where they res
lister and are assigned to the place
where they will be entertained while
In Alexandria. An Informal reception
will be rendered in Masonic Temple
tonight. The opening session Of the
association will take place tomor-
row morning at $50 o'clock.
Six hundred and fifty public school
children will participate in the his.
tcrical pageant in the opera house
next Friday under the auspices sf
the Parents Teachers Association.
The defamation contest at Richmond
College last night between representa-
tives of the high schools and academies
Of Virginia, was won for the third con-
secutive time by the representatives OF
Newport News High School, Malcolm
a field of eleven contestants The Alex
andria High School was represented by
Ashby Bladen. whose subject was The
Destiny Of the Anglo-Saxon."
Funeral services for Mrs. Gertrude
Bagot Iierfurth will take place tomor-
row afternoon from the residence of her
father. William Bagot.
Members Of Friendship Council
Daughters of Liberty, will paw a visit
to Hope Council. OF Washington, to-
morrow night"
On account Of the holiday tomorrow
there will be no meeting of Alexandra
Lodge OF Elks the regular meeting ror
mat night having been postponed until
Tuesday.
The Washington times., 1915-02-21
THE LAW OF BLOCKADE

In another place today The Times
prints an article dealing with the
international custom that has grown
up in connection with maritime
blockades. 1t is especially sugges-
tive at this time for two reasons.
One is that large proportion of the
leading cases are American cases,
growing out of the civil war expert
ence. The other is that Great Brit
ain and the United States have ex-
actly reversed their positions since
the civil war. Then, Great Britain
was the neutral, trying to do busi-
ness with belligerent; the United
States was a belligerent, trying to
enforce a blockade of the enemy ter
ritory.
Under the necessities which a war
for its very existence forced upon it,
the Federal Government stretched
the law Of blockade just as far as it
could be carried; farther than it had
ever been carried before. Now Great
Britain, fighting for its life as the
United States was doing half a GEN.
tury ago, is pleased to recall these
decisions of American admiralty
courts and of our Supreme Court,
and to ask that the United States
will be good enough to stand by the
views which it laid down at that
time and vigorously applied as
against British shipping. 1t is not
very plain how the United States can
do less.
For instance, during the civil war
vast tonnage of business from
British ports on the other side the
Atlantic was taken, in British ships,
under the British flag, to Nassau,
Bermuda, also a British port. The
British insisted that the neutral port
of departure, the neutral flag, and
the neutral port of destination COM
pletely protected the cargo, whether
contraband or not, on the long leg
of the voyage to Nassau. Once at
Nassau, it must take it's chances on
the short leg of the trip; and Mas
sau being only a fsw hours from the
Florida coast, it was very difficult
for the Federal blockading ships to
be certain of capturing these vessels
after they left Nassau.
So the United States courts de-
veloped the doctrine of the "continu-
Gus voyage" maintaining that the
ship and cargo obviously intended
for the Confederacy might properly
be captured while on the first leg of
the voyage; and if the prize court
testimony made clear that it was
really intended, after leaving Mas
sau, for the CoMfederacy, it would
be condemned. This doctrine held
In actual operation, it amounted to
blockading the neutral port of Mas
sau; and it practically wrecked the
business of that port.
Again, British vessels carried car
60 to Matamoros, on the Mexican
side of the Rio Grande, which was
to be transferred across the river to
Brownsville, Tex, for Confederate
uses. Cargoes captured in these cir
cumstances were also condemned.
Application of this highly author,
lied American law to the situation ir
Europe would justify England ir
blockading Holland and Denmark
against receiving American goods
! manifestly or presumably destined te
Germany, even though they came ir
American bottoms, under the Ameri
can flag, and were carried under per-
fectly regular papers to Dutch con,
signees.
To this extent England is within
American-made international law
On the other side, Germany is 60
ing long way outside American
The Washington times., 1915-02-21

and the decisions Of tho American ad-
miralty courts. and the supreme court
growing therefrom. must be impressed
have been very close students in the
last six months OF the American de-
cisions on these subjects. and that their
regulations and diplomatic communica-
tions have been based very carefully
on the results Of these studies
The Washington times., 1915-02-21

Members Of Friendship Council
Daughters of Liberty, will pay a visit
to Hope Council, OF Washington, to-
morrow night
The Washington times., 1915-02-21

On account Of the holiday tomorrow
there will be no meeting of Alexandria
.odge OF Elks, the regular meeting ror
Tuesday.
The Washington times., 1915-02-21

Funeral services for Mrs. Gertrude
Bagot IIerfurth will take place tomor-
row afternoon from the residence Of her
father, William Bagot
The Washington times., 1915-02-21

Six hundred and fifty public school
children will participate in the his.
tcrical pageant in the opera house
next Friday under the auspices sf
the Parcnts'-Teachers' Association
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1915-06-09
Rumania After More Land.

National Geographic Society.
In view OF the repeated predictions that
!Humania, with its eyes on the neighbour
ing, Hungarian province. is preparing. like
Italy; to seize present opportunity for the
ders so as to include within them added
tens OF thousands of it's people, the Ma
tional Geographic Society's descriptive
ries with it a timely commentary upon
the Rumanian ambition. The statement
is:
Pennsylvania is the ngaria toe
thrust deep into the center of the Ru-
manian kingdom. With the recent Ital-
IAN expression that Rumania is ready to
act in accordance with Rome's war policy.
.Transyl vanta, like every other frontier
land OF the dual monarchy except those
toward Germany. is threatened with in
tiers. 1T Is guarded by a difficult mountain
system. Rumanian territory bends like a
Drawn elbow around Transylvania, from
Along the entire boundary run the rugged
C.%arpathian mountains, returning to their
junction with the Blue Danube. in Hum
Shaped like an irregular circle, Transyl-
,vania. with It's LOCO square miles of area,
Is q high plateau, naturally a distinct land
from Rumania and Bukowina, by a def
mite line of mountain barriers. Rumania.
at present the largest OF the Balkan
with such an additional area, form a
COUNTRY considerably more han one-third
as large as or one as large as
n other two ak countries combined.
1t would. further, mean a gain of 100000
In population, Of whom 1900. 600 would rep
resent a gain in nationals. The una
ians. constituting more than Sc per cent
of Transylvania's people. have been Wig
orously oppressed during recent years
through the determined efforts Of their
rulers to Magyarize them.
Five railway lines penetrate Transyl-
vania from Rumania. Joining themselves
with the lately developed Hungarian sys-
TENS. The Hungarian province Is q rich
land. little developed; and it would largely
compensate Rumania for it's loss of Bes-
sarabia to Russia. Some of the valleys
are exceedingly fertile and the fierce sum-
mer heat. as In this country. causes the
most delicious of European fruits to be
raised there. T%ransylvania is full of ag-
ricultural promise. It has a little industry
and some mining. 1t possesses the richest
gold mines in Europe and many of It's
people live by gold washing. Pennsylvania
Is a country whose value has hardly been
realized and that is because 1t is a twist
ing mass of hill and mountain. ravine and
valley, difficult of commercial exploitation
and a most unfavorable military theater.