davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
EXPERT WITNESSES.
Criticism Should Be Aimed at the
system, Not at individuals.

To THE EDITOR OF The SrS-Sir. Lee:
me speak a word, not in defence Of the
expert alienist. but in protest against
the as!ninity OF the law. which, overlook
ing its own absurdity, criticises such an
inevitable outgrowth thereof as exper:
testimony.
The fundamental error Is tina: the law
ssumes the function OF deciding the
question OF the prisoners moral re-
sponsibillty, a pretty assumption when
we consider that many of the worlds
best minds deny all free will, and hence
all notal responsibility.
The duty of the law with reference
TO murderers Is simply to protect so
ciety against them why not do II?
What difference does II make whether
the menace to society be a p~aranoiac.
a sample of alternating insanity. a
bra!nstormer. a degenerate Scoundrel
or just a plain thug? The laws bus.-
ness Is to protect the rest OF us from
him and the expert with his classified
tons would never ave come on the
scene II the law hadn't called him. Now
We are treated 10 true democratic con-
tempt for the trained mind OF course
let the specialist. the expert, be anath-
ema tn the rear with any one who
may know more than any one else. How
naive the resentment OF the suggestion
that a layman couldn't recognize a para
nO!ac. Well, the leaders OF laymen have
sometimes burned, sometimes %canonizcd
the possessors Of more evident insan!-
ties.
SPRINGFIELD. Mass. July II.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19

output from Maryland was scarcely
worth reporting. The Pennsylvania
gold mines have not been worked for
many years, and none Of the New
Hampshire mines reported any pro
ductlon last year.
Some operators profess to see still
greater possibilities in gold mining In
the South Atlantic States and to be-
lieve that there will yet be uncov-
cred a great wealth Of the precious
mineral in the mountains of Georgia
or North Carolina. Whether these
dreams Of a new EldVrado come true
or not, gold seekers tind present mines.
although their output lie less than a
hundredth of the production Of Call.
fOrnia. profitable to work.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
MIR. Wilson at His Desk.

Surely In uttering the hope that Mr..
WILSON'S vacation has served TO re-
store him to complete physical health
and that his body Is to-day supplied
with reserves Of strength ample to
sustain him in the burdensome and
exhausting labors he will now re-
sumo with increa sing energy, Tnr
SuS says what is In the mind of
every American as the President re
turns to his desk in the White House
this morning.
And should the subjects over which
he has jurisdiction and Of which he
must take cognizance 80 adjust them
selves through his intervention or
that Of others as to allow him to 20
back to Cornish for another outing
In the near future, we are certain
that Mr.. WILSON would not be more
pleased and relieved thereat than
would be his fellow citizens.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19

cannot possibly have. as to whether
or not the European warfare Is waste
ful in the larger destlnies Of human.
ity, the paragraph quoted from his
reported speech appeals only to ig-
norant and provincial views Of inter.
national trade.
There is every reason why we
should lend to countries described by
DR.. PRATT as mot our competitors"
In order that they may become u
better customers. Presumably he has
chiefly in mind tho Latin American
republics. but these same countries
have a huge po.entiality OF develop
ment into competitors with our own
commerce and industry. The truth,
Of course. Is that the classification Of
countries as competitors and custom.
ers Is grotesque. The best customers
in foreign trade which we had before
the war were precisely the nations OF
Europe which were our most fofmi-
dable competitors: aud the strongest
of them did not hesitate TO lend money
In this country.
If our bankers and business men are
going to do anything large and com.
m%ensurate with their economic eppor.
tunity in these great times, they are
not going to succeed by considering
their ventures in the light In which
DR.. PRATT discusses the opportunity
Nor because Of the part which politics
plays In vi business affairs Is the
task Of II financial and commercial
leaders going to be assisted by the
popular prevalence OF such notions a.
DR.. PRATT has propounded.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
Not an Imminent Peril.

Fresh from recent exploration Of
Hawaii's rich resources In japanese
mares nests. Congressman W. II.
STAFFORD Of the Fourth Wisconsin
district Is back In his Milwaukee
home with reports of the discovery
Of a new laying OF eggs which seem
only to need the motherly attention
Of some of our old hen statesmen to
be Matched Into portents Of pending
d%eviltry dark and dire.
Not long ago, It will be remembered.
We were startled by stories of mys-
terlous nocturnal military exercises
on the part Of Hawaiian japanese.
Now 1t appears that the japanese are
pursuing nocturnal studies there in
schools of their own. The young Jap
aneSe of Hawaii attend the American
public schools, where good sound
American doctrine Is taught. and then.
after the regular school hours. go to
japanese schools. where 1t Is assumed
loyalty to the flag Of Japan and not
to that of the United States is in.
stilled. The critical feature Of this
situation Is ia the fact that of the
100000 inhabitants of the Hawaiian
Islands $4,000 are japanese. or these
$4,000 large numbers were born in the
Islands under the American flag. and
as presumptive American citizens will
demand the ballot as soon AS they at.
tain voting age.
Thus in a few years nearly half the
voting population will be Japanese.
Query: In the event Of trouble be-
tween this country and Japan will
these voters be Americans or will they
straddle a hyphen and throw rocks
down on the American side Of the
fence? Mr.. STAFFORD says that the
Congressional commission Of inquiry
Of which he is a member was in
formed in Hawaii by Americans free
from hyphen encumbrance that there
was room for doubt and some uneasi.
ness on this subject. And the uneasi-
ness, 1t would appear, Is largely
based on the above mentioned Jnpa.
nese nocturnal school habit.
At all events, the peril may he pom.
dered in at least temporary security.
II Is not imminent for one thing. and
then we have become more or less
Injured to sufferlngs from alarming
Oriental events which do not occur.
Sufficient unto the day is the mares
nest thereof. And Is not Lower Cali
fornla a little overdue in discoveries
In the mares nest line?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
HARSH WORDS FOR UPLIFT,
Heated Thoughts Of New York Real
Estate Owners.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir: Tho
state census shows that the population
of New York is about 400, 900 less thar
was anticipated and that the increase
in the borough of Manhattan during
the past i've years has been practically
nil.
| fail TO see how n one could ex-
pect II to be otherwise; the MIN
compoop State II municipal laws and
regulations foisted on us by an army
Of parlor socialists and social uplift
takers are driving the manufacturers
not only out OF Manhattan but out
Of the city and out OF tho State into
other States which are exempt from
such laws and regulations.
All the ~loafers and unemployed
throughout the United States are
focking to New York TO be fed, clothed
and housed free OF charge by our city
social uplifters.
\ regular Coxey's army of social up
lift takers are hurrying from all points
of the compass to New York. to them
"A land flowing with milk and honey, TO
find Immediately municipal positions for
their bastard and destructive activities
at a large per diem. plus expenses and
pickings paid out of the pockets OF
the cltyis constructive workers.
New York, from being the largest
manufacturing city In the nation, VIII he
nowhere in the next decade. What Of
it? STEWART BROWNE.
President United Real Estate owners
Association.
NEW YORK, July II,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
We Stand on the Law.

Secretary LANSING mas described
succinctly and explicitly in his para
phrase Of the note presented TO the
British Government by Ambassador
PAGE on July . the attitude Of the
United States and It's citizens toward
not only the Power to which this
communication was addressed, but
toward every b%elligerent nation. The
essential passages Of the paraphrase
IRE in this sentence:
the Government Of the
United States informs the British Govern
nent that in so far as the interests Of
American citizens are concerned It will
insist upon their rights under the prin-
siples and rules of International law as
Hitherto established governing neutral
rade in time of wal without limitation
Ir impairment by orders In council or
Dther municipal legislation by the British
Government"
This language Is not open to mis-
Interpretation. 1t cannot be misun.
aerUtOod. 1t cOnceals no novel pro.
posal. 1t suggests no deviation from
he recognized and accepted rules gov.
brning commerce. 1t puts forward no
new theory designed to alter the Gus
hms that have received the adherence
" every civilized Power. 1t Is ap.
vnicable to every controversy In which
he United States has engaged, and
sy substituting in 1t for Englnnd's
aame that of any other nation 1t will
lefine precisely every contention we
have upheld or expect to uphold.
The principal, the only, end the
United States seeks to attain through
ia diplomatic correspondence Is the
preservation OF the orderly processes
" international law, and this fact
,hOuld not for a moment be lost 70
hght at home or abroad.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
Was the Orduns Warned?

In the matter OF the Orduna, the
question Of vital moment Is whether
abe was hailed by her assailant and
ordered to stop for visitation and
search before the attack was made.
II the challenge was given, and the
merchantmen, seeking to escape. dis
regarded It.. the commander OF the
war vessel may cite those facts In
explaining and defending his subse-
Quent conduct.
The testimony Of the Orduna's cap.
tan is that his ship vas not chal-
lmged that the first evidence given
Of the presence Of an enemy warship
was the appearance OF a torpedo;
and that thereafter nine shells were
fred at his vessel. II this course was
followed by the undersea boat the at
tack was in violation Of the laws OF
marine war. The rule Ia stated by
OPPENHEIM in this sentence:
ENEMY merchantmen can be attacked
only II they refuse to submit to visit
after they have been duly sisnalled TO
do So"
1t Is unnecessary to discuss the sit
uation Of the Orduna, her cargo, her
mission, her passenger list. No mat
ter how laden or where destined. she
was entitled under the law to warn.
Ing, to be hailed: and IL she was de
prived of that right, the attack on
her was lawless and unjustifiable.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
EXAMINING PHYSICIANS.
Clearwater Points Out q New
Provision Of the Law.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sh:
without expression of opinion regard
ing the Ease Of Thaw. and refer
ring to Judge Hendricks allusion TO
the testimony Of allenists, l beg to call
your attention to an amendment to
the judiciary law which so recently
went into effect that its passage may
not generally be known to the bench,
the bar. physicians and the laity. 1t
Is Chapter 295 Of the Laws of 1915
and Is the result Of five years effort
on the part Of the New York State
Bar Association. the New York Acad-
envy OF Medicine, the New York State
Medical Society and the State Hom1-
opathic Society. 1t reads as follows:
Section l.. Chapter xxXv. Of the
Laws OF 1909. entitled AN act In rela-
ton TO the administration OF Justice,
constituting Chapter xxx. Of the Com
solidated Laws" Is hereby amended by
inserting therein a new section after
section 80 thereof. to be section 81. to
read as Iollows:
Examining Physicians. In a Grim
inal action or proceeding or in a special
proceeding instituted by the State writ
OF habeas corpus or c%ertiorsri TO inquire
llO INC cause VI ufle1llbll, III which
the soundness of mind of a person IL In
Issue, the court IN which or the Judge
or Justice before whom the action or
special proceeding is pending may APP
point not more than three disintere sted
competent physicians to examine such
person as to his soundness of mind at
the time OF the examination. Any such
examining physician may be sworn as a
witness at the instance OF any party TO
the action or proceeding, The compen-
sation OF such examining physician for
making such examination and testifying,
when certified by the presiding Judge or
justice OF the court or Judge or Justice
making tho appointment. shall be paid
out of any funds available for the pay
nient OF n In the same manner as
other court expenses"
Under this act the Judge before
whom the action or proceeding Is pend
Ing is free to make his own selection
OF dlsinterested. competent physicians
10 examine the person whose sound
ness of mind Is in issue. the object
being TO guard against the precise
evil OF which Justice Hendrick spoke.
I very much doubt whether. as has
been suggested, Judges Will degrade
the administration Of justice by select
Ing relatives or personal friends solely
10 donate the fee. The statement that
they will do so Is predicated upon a
distorted view OF the way In which
cus;omarily they discharge their i'm
portant duties.
A. T. CLEARWATER,
President New York state Bar As
ISOLATION.
KINGSTON, July II.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
Gold Mining In the Eastern States.

What often makes the Government
publications entertaining is the sur
,rlses they contain. Who, for instance,
tnew that here in the Eastern States
we're forty.five gold placer mines and
hirty-six deep gold mines, that the
held from these mines was Sl13,5S
n 1914, and that this production
vas an increase over the preceding
rear? Yet that is The report in the
current bulletin Of the United States
Geological Survey.
North Carolina easily ranks first in
he output Of this valuable metal,
nOre than six thousand fine ounces.
worth Sl3l.l4l. The largest Of this
States placer mines Is in the noun
ninous county Of rutherford. and
he most profitable deep mines are
ilong the Gadkin in Montgomery
county. The production In Alabama
vas contributed by mines in fourteen
counties, Of which IMmpkln, one of
he rugged north counties. furnished
The greatest output. Two eastern
punties OF Alabama. Tallndegn and
rallapoosa, furnished this States
Rrgest and valuable output.
The Tennessee mines yielded more
nan six thousand dollars worth OF
Iold, less by n thousand dollars than
hnu Ala tha -na, ~ rtn.o 49,.
daeSease also In Virginia, ana the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
Pitfalls for American Business.

II DIR. +. +. PRATT, chief OF the
Bureau Of Foreign and Domestic Com
merce. has been correctly quoted AS to
part of u speech made before the West
Virginia Bankers Association. his re-
marks prove that all the learned non
sense In the country Is not uttered by
the college and university faculties.
According to published reports he
said among other things:
"In lending money TO European ma
tions We are enabling them merely to
keep up their wasteful warfare. and II
We continue to len money TO Europe
for reconstruction purposes after the
war Is over, we shall simply be BUILD
ing up our most active competitor. II,
however. this money is lent to other
countries OF the world, countries which
are not our competitors, but which are
our customers. and also the customers
Of European nations. we shall be build.
Ing up our customers. We shall be
strengthening them, and we shall oe
strengthening the ties between them and
ourselves"
There Is no problem confronting
American finance which 1t is more de-
sirable TO solve than the problem Of
making the most productive foreign
trade use, now and In the future, of
the of credit and capital
which are accommodating in this coun-
try. War born commerce has been
stimulating a revival Of our industry
md general business, and the vast
accident OF the greatest war In his
tory Is furnishing u bankers. mer-
chants and manufacturers with a won
derful opportunity for the establish
ment OF American enterprise on a
basis of enduring prosperity through
the promotion and maintenance Of an
expanded international trade. The
problem is one of so employing our
normal financial strength, multiplied
abnormally by the circumstances OF
the war. that other nations shall be
able to continue to buy largely of our
products, raw and finished, of our
goods and commodities. until happier
days have com and all countries are
less in need Of the capital and credit
which We ear supply.
The solution of the problem Is ham
pered by a variety Of sentimental. 20.
lltlcal and economic decisions vigor-
ously promulgated, mainly in behalf
OF n h%yphenate propaganda which con-
siderS American interests from the
point of view Of the eXigencies OF an.
other land. DR.. PARTS contribution
10 the sum total Of dclusion Is not OF
this descril tion, but the Office which
he holds attaches weight to his words
that they do not deserve and can only
operate to Increase the capacity of
the popular intellect to resist the In.
trusion of a new idea. Quite apart
from the knowledge which DR.. PRArT
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
HAMLET'S COURAGE.
In Following the Ghost lie Knew NO
Let or HindrnnCe.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir. In
A letter to THE SUS Il 4. NJ" at
tempts 10 convict Hamlet of "spiritlrss
c~owardice" and says the Danes re
monstrance was feeble when HordrO
and MdrccilHs tried to stop HIM from
following the Ghost, perhaps haslng his
opinion on the line: "Ify heaven. III
make a ghost of him that laIs me ="
An old English meaning Of "lct" was
to hinder or oppose, even now given I'm
some of tho dictionaries, although
called archaic, Hdmlrt was brave
enough in an extremely supcrsttt,ous
age, even II It did take him some time
TO reach the climax, His words In ref
erence to following the GHOST prove It :
Why, what should be the fear ?
| do not set my life Mt a pin's fec,
And for my soul, what can II DO 10 that.
Being a thing immortal as iisclfe
1t waves me forth again. III follow n
And follow II he did, which proves
that he was drawer thar his friends.
New York, July II. q. T.. *.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19

Reports from Kansas city say that
Big Muddy" Is raging down the Mis-
souri, Valley and that it's waters have
swept over one village, giving the five
hundred inhabitants scarcely time to
flee to the bills for their lives.
This mighty stream has a habit of
carrying away farms, destroying
towns and wiping ont man made Dor
der lines. one Of the most dramatic
incidents in the history of Kansas City
occurred when the Missouri attacked
the town, entailing n damage from
food greater than the ravages Of all
its frontier wars. The river broke
owe the dykes and rolled great
blankets Of black Missouri Valley silt
over the lowlands where were the
railway stations, packing houses and
wholesale establishments. The resi-
dents gathered on the bluffs in the
heavy rain and mist and watched in
utter helplessnoss as the waters buried
their priced industries and the very
life Of the place.
That was the time of the big food"
but a Kansas Cityan would no more
speak OF 1t now than q resident Of
San Francisco would OF "the earth
quake" Kansas City has moved It's
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
THE CHILD OF MYSTERY.
Is He Like This Youngstcr. to Whom
Words Are printed Pictures?

To II EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: The
three year old boy who reads off names
of photograph records and sheet music
when he knows no letters and cannot
pronounce words perfectly PROBABLY has
an abnormal memory for pictures and
the names associated with them. He
Is fond of music, plays with records.
looks on the names as pictures and re-
members the titles. He has heard the
names read over by others and remem-
bers how they look and %pronounces the
names az he would say eat dog
Cow" while looking at the picture Of
an animal. OF course II several records
new and unfamiliar TO him are placed
In n pile Of others and he can pick
those out and call on the names my
explanation does not explain.
My idea is based on the following:
My very small boy, now n man of "a.
learned to read, and read well. before
he could spell or even knew the letters
Of the alphabet. He was particularly
fond OF the funny papers, the Sunday
supplements. 1t was my custom to read
the text accompanying the pictures. |
noticed that he gradually asked for
fewer and fewer readings until finally
he stopped altogether. | found 10 my
establishment that he could read them
himself, hig words and all. He under
stood what he read too.
lie began then to read simple books.
He couldn't spell anything. but ny con-
slant repetition associated words and
syllahles with their sounds, He would
read and pronounce n long word by
sounding II. Sometimes this Sound
Ing resulted d~isastrously. He read to
me one evening that the bride and
groom walked up the 'aysel' Of the
church"
II seems 10 me that "E J. C.'s' little
boy has memorized the names of the
records and identifies them by the printed
pictures" c. J. NJ.
NEW York. July II.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
WHY THE SUBWAY IS HOT.
How the Confined Atmosphere May
BE Made E%ndurable.

To THE EDITOR or The SuN-Str. In
these days when all are Drying out At
he discomforS of the subway 1t might
be advisable 10 consider the causes which
produce such conditions before demand
ing radical changes in the system u
ventilation.
Il is an indisputab.e fact that the
chief reason fog the excessive heat II
the subway is that every particle of
energy which IL carried into II In the
form OF light and power remains there
as heat.
The thousands OF h rse-po~er gener-
ated at the central stations are conveyed
by wires in the form Of electricity to the
cars. where after use II becomes heat.
This is exactly the equivalent OF burn
ing hundreds of tons OF coal In the sub
way itself.
The heat can escape by conduction
through the walls or by being carried
away with the air. But the capacity
for heat possessed by air is so small
that no volume hat could Now through
the subway woul be adequate to remove
that constantly left there by the moving
trains.
Moreover, wher the outside air Ia
warmer than that In the subway the
trouble is aggravated by circulation.
Now, as to the purity of the air.
Numerous analyses have shown that IN
reality II is very good air indeed. and
that the slight excess OF carbonic acid
found In II is less than is endured with
out complaint In closed rooms. theatres
and, above all. the ordinary passenger
cars in winter.
Scientists have shown that comfort
in any warm atmosphere depends more
on the air being In motion thai on It's
purity.
If comfort Is what We are looking for
IN the subway, IL car be materially in
creased by lining the ceilings OF the
stations with the same kline of fans that
are used In the cars.
The principal cause of complaint is
that the passenger gets overheated be-
yond endurance while waiting on tho
platforms, and although the apparent
temperature OF the car is lower and the
air refreshing in comparison, there is
not enough difference to restore his
equilibrium.
Keep him cool until he enters the car
and he will stay cool unit he leaves it,
barring the unavoidable warmth of the
crowd during rush hours.
In short, the subway in summer cam
not be kept cool, but by keeping the air
In rapid motion the passengers can be
made comfortable.
WILLIAM L. GIBBS.
NEW York, July II.