The Climax-Madisonian. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1914-1917, 1915-08-11

OF the badly placed Russian column in
Galicia, foes in front and on both the
right and left tanks
The Spring Campaigns.
On the French and Belgian fronts In
April there was lull until the fourth
TRANS re-entered as victors June q.
June % the Germans captured Halicz.
on the Dniester river, key to eastern
Galicia.
Italy Attacks Austria.
June 1 the British army casualties
had reached 25S, O69, over $4,000 being
killed. Neither the French nor British
took advantage OF the German Absorb
ton In Galicia to press its line In
France. French artillery bombarded
the Germans at Arras and in southern
Alsace, but their infantry scored no
substantial advance until the 23d, when
they occupied the position near Arras
known as the Labyrinth.
Italy's long expected entrance into
the conflict as an enemy to Germany
took place May % by a declaration OF
! war against Austria Hungary. The
fighting strength of this new belliger-
ent was $500, 600 men. Hostilities be-
gan on the 25th, Austrian naval and
air ships attacking the Italian coast
and Italian troops selling Austrian ter
ritory across the northern border. Ita-
ly's primary object. as disclosed by her
avowals and methods. was to extend
her borders east and north. Early in
June Italian troops forced a passage
over the river IsonZo in an advance to-
| ward Trieste. capturing Monfalcone,
an important strategic town northwest
OF Trieste.
War Zones and Neutral Rights.
Early in the year the attention OF the
whole world was focused upon the
possibility Of new complications in
volving neutral countries, but more
particularly the United States.
Feb. Grand Admiral Won Tirpitz,
chief OF the German admiralty, had de-
clared n naval war zone In the English
channel on and after Feb. IS. This
was an act of reprisaI for the British
policy OF stopping food shipments to
SUBMARINES
were attacking British ships on the
Irish coast, hundreds OF miles from
their base in the North sea, the Cunar-
der Lusitania. voyaging from New
York to Liverpool, hOisted the United
States flag as a measure of protection
from attack. These two incidents
drew from the United States on Feb
IL notes to the German and British
governments, protesting against the
German war zone and the use OF the
United States flag by the merchant
ships of the belligerents.
On the 10Th Germany informed the
United States that the war zone in the
English channel would be maintained
On the 18th the German decree took
effect, and a Norwegian steamer was
torpedoed in the English channel. On
the Goth the American steamer Evelyn
was mysteriously sunk in the war zone
previously declared by Great Britain
in the Irish sea.
On March Great Britain announced
her intention to stop all ships to and
from the ports of Germany. On the
18th Great Britain issued orders in
council cutting Off all outside trade
with Germany and refused to agree
with a German proposal to modify
the war zone blockades. To this the
United States made protest March Sc.
The Lusitania Case.
On April the United States formal
~ challenged Great Britain's right to
bar noncontraband trade from German
ports. On May 1 the Lusitania left
New York for Liverpool, having on
board large quantities of war NUM-
lions and over 100 American subjects
among the passengers. On the eve of
sailing the German embassy at Wash
ington published a warning to intend
ing voyagers to Europe to avoid Brit
ish liners. Also on May l the United
States steamer Gulfight was torpedoed
by a German submarine in the war
zone. On the 9TH the Lusitania was
torpedoed and sunk off the Irish coast
Many Americans were drowned. May
13 the United States again protested
against submarine warfare. citing the
Lusitania case. May % the United
States steamer Nebraskan was sunk
! quently Germany acknowledged that 1t
was the work of n submarine.
June 10 the United States sent the
second note to Germany on the Lusi-
tania sinking and reiterated the note
Of May Is. Great Britain responded
} to the United States protest of April
on June "a. stating that the blockade
against neutral trade with German
ports would continue. To this the
United States replied on July IA that
British orders in council would not be
considered valid
/ On July s Germany replied to the
American second note and proposed to
cooperate with the United States In
safeguarding American lives on YES
sefS in the naval war zone. Germany
would respect American ships and Of
fered to supply vessels to be used in
American service flying the United
States flag. An answer to this note
was dispatched July 81 in language
which was firm and conclusive through
out and especially so in the last, para
graph. which Stated that further at
tacks on American ships must be re-
garded as deliberately unfriendly."
Drive at Warsaw.
Since the beginning of July interest
has centered upon the German cam
paign for Warsaw. AS soon as the
Austro- Germans had driven the Rus
SLAMS from Galicia three movements