The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1915-11-18
Omitted PresS1

Omitted Press3
Washington, D. c., Nov. 1S.-Diaz
dead in exile, Madero assassinated,
Huerta exiled and under arrest; Villa
an outlaw, and Carranza heading a
''de facto" unestablished govern
ment, with civil war still raging.
This is the record of five years in
Mexico, nation PROSTATE today I'M
der fire, sword and famine. 1t is
the record of a struggle for a real
republican government, a real demo-
cracy, a republic in form and sub
stance, struggle of the masses
against the classes.
Cry for Land.
Behind the curtains of arms on
the stage of battlefields is the long
stifled cry for land The efforts of
Mexico's poems to own land and pre-
vent exploitation and graft, both by
their own and foreign citizens, are
the underlying causes Of what now
promises to become in Mexican his
tory the Give Years War"
Exponent of Privilege.
The fight divides into three eras:
those of Diaz, Madero, Huerta. It's
immediate future rests with Car
h,,f
equal individual opportunity, reign
ed under Diaz for a generation. AS
president and dictator the Iron
Man" was in power from 1884 to
1914. AS military idol on a plat
form of freedom and land distribu-
ton Diaz led revolution in 1875
against President Tejada. He was
elected president in 1877, retiring in
1891 in favor of Manuel Gonsalez,
being reelected in 1884 and serving
until forced to abdicate in 1910.
Diaz was the exponent of special
privilege. He held his office with
ruthless military force. Graft -four
ished among his subordinates.
Wealthy, educated Mexicans support
ed him. Foreign concessionaries
thrived. Land barons extended their
holdings. The poorer classes were
slaves, unable to rent or buy land.
Unprecedented Mexican development
followed the wealthy. Peace
prevailed.
Fail to Stop Revolution.
Then came decay, with age, of
Diaz' power. Cutlery against the
cientificos, or wealthy, landed and
educated classes increased. The poems
demanded distribution of government
land, relief from confiscatory taxes
and voice in elections. Soldiers
presided over the polls, insuring Diaz'
continued reelection. Wealthy and
powerful private citizens, civil auth
critics and military heads failed 70
stem the tide of revolution.
The Madero movement was born
in 1909 Francisco l. Madero, of
a wealthy family of northern ranch
ers, led a new revolution. He prom
Used social and economic reforms, in
Guiding division of government lands
and cancellation by the government
of land patents given the cientificos
foreign exploitation of Mexico he al
so promised to end.
Aiding Madero was his brother,
Gustav, and Pasquale Orozco. They
organized revolutionary army in
Sonora. 1t soon seized Juarez and
swept southwark, reinforced by revo-
lutionists from Chihuahua and other
northern states, the hotbed of revo
lutionary activity. Historians diff
fer as to whether Pancho Villa, later
to become popular hero, enlisted
in the Madero movement.
Certain foreign mine, oil and ranch
concessionaries supported Madero.
Others supported Diaz, whose power
weakened with age, his army honey
combed with ,treachery and deser-
ton. Diaz resigned and fled to
Paris, where he died last summer.
Francisco Malero was elected to