The Ordway new era., 1915-07-23

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dSN tary strength. On the
w@ other hand, Germany held
the preponderance as .
land military power. but was NO match
for Great Britain On the seas.
Lord Kitchener placed at the head
OF the military organization OF Great
Britain. set himself at the tremendous
task Of raising volunteer army Of
not less than 100000 men.
In Germany, Grand Admiral Won
Tfrpitz. as head Of the German naval
organization. took up the task of equal
ising the great difference In strength
between the Germany navy and that
Of England. The solution of the prob.
lem was not to build up dreadnaughts
and battle cruisers, as that would take
too long.
Lord Kitchener had promised to
have his new army ready to land on
the continent within SIX months. The
problem confronting Admiral Won Tir-
pitz was to meet this new attack on
sea before It could reach the chan
mel ports of France and Belgium. So
all Germany's effort, aside from main
tanning its land military strength. was
centered on submarines. The pro-
gram decided upon has never been
made public. All that is known is
that the great works Of Krupp at
Essen and the naval yards at Dant-
sic have been kept working twenty
four hours cay building submarines.
The success of the submarine In
the Irish sea and in ths English chan
mel. following the declaration by Ger
many placing British waters in the
war area, would indicate that Admiral
Won Tirpitx had completed his plans.
Undoubtedly the submarine at the
present time IL the one overshadowing
factor In the war. The Germans have
been reported to have number. OF
surprises up their sleeves. The one
most heralded has been the Zeppelin
airships. These, however, have so far
proved disappointing.
On the othor hand, their submarines
have taken tremendous toll from the
British navy. as4ss
Tbs submarine u the. one instru-
nsnt Of warfare against which NO ade-
Tense exists. Attacks Of the asroplane
and the Zeppelin have been success
fully met. New high angle fire guns
have been invcnted by all the nations.
and number of air craft have been
brought to earth by them. So far.
however, the German submarines have
escaped unscathed.
To the existence of England's great
navy may be traced the invention Of
the submarine. Its attack on the
American oplonies during the Revolu-
tion brought forth what Is generally
acknowledged to have been the FIRST
successful underwater craft
The invention is accredited to Da.
vid Bushnell. a Yale student. All
through his college days, from 1771
to 1875, he worked steadily ON vessel
that would sail under water. When
the Revolutionary war broke out he
had ready q submarine boat which.
on account Of its shape, was called
the Turtle.
He was given a chance at the Brit
ish fleet under Admiral Lord Howe
while It was blockading New York
harbor. The strange submarine was
launched in New York. but owing to
the fact that Mr.. Bushnell could not
navigate the Turtle himself. as he had
not snfficient physical strength. he
was forced to turn 1t over to another
man. The Turtle was propelled by
hand and had a maximum speed OF
two miles an hour.
Ezra Lee, the man chosen to make
the attack on the British flagship.
the Eagle. had little time to learn
how to operate the new craft. He sue
ceeded In getting the Turtle under
meath the Eagle. placing a torpedo
under the ships hull, but was unable
to fasten It, as the Eagle was sheathed
with copper. The torpedo had time
lock on It which caused It to explode
within thirty minutes. 1t was, how.
ever, carried away from the hull of
the Eagle by the tide. and at the ap.
pointed time It exploded. sending Up a
huge column of water not far from
the British flagship. The failure OF
the enterprise disgnsted the continen-
tai authorities and the whole matter
ended in ridicule. .r
A quarter Of q century later Robert
Fulton took the Bushnell invention
over to France and interested Napo-
leon In 1t. He was given a try at
the British squadron OF the coast OF
France, but here again the craft failed
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