davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1915-02-01
THOMAS P. GABLE
ACQUIRES MORE
2ND ST. PROPERTY

Through the agency of Col II. *. %.
Sellers further holdings OF South Sec
ond street realty have been acquired
hy Thomus \. Gable. of Dawson. who
within "a year bought the old odd Eel
lows hall property. Colonel Sellers
conducted the negotiations for that
sale also.
The latest purchase by Mr Gable IN
ot property adjoining the hail tie
contcmplntes a number of important
Improvements.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1915-02-01

- - "a. ...H.a f.n-.
@ y" y" ~ ''"
u pa
10 u ehaete" oy the Iesislature OF
we state OF New McNic"'
Section I. The assessor OF each
county Of the state shall Immediately
place upon the tax rolls Of his county
for the year 1915 the valuation of ali
property whether real OF personal.
belonging 10 railroad. express sleep
ing car, telegraph, telephone or other
transportation or transmission COM
paniea used by such companies in the
operation Of their railroads. exprcss.
sleeping car. telegraph or telephone
line or lines, or other transportation
or transmission lines. and aIi prop
crty whether real or personal. be-
longing 10 national or state banks
ana trust companies. and an range
%cattlc. horses. sheep, goats aud other
livestock ana oil real estate. and all
c"hl, mineral agficulturai grazing
ana HORTICULTURAL lands and an prop
cry OF every kin ana character
whatsoever which " the subject Of
tHAAtloh' according To the valuation
heretofore hNed hN me state board
OF cdualiNntiun' NJ the hhGl cpuailza-
Ton made 10y said state board OF
EQUALIZATION iof iht year \ d. l9l4.
upon such classes OF property which
-
a.,
:"
y,
VIZ" u" ~,
o.
"'' '' 'ss'u "s |"
,ou".y assessor '''"'u.ns y" 'u' 'a,
'.,nS ll'''u "P." S'', I."p''.
s ."' F'"'' p""'u o' 'pN 1''"" Nv
" ''"'! 'Pu"'Na,'"n me
w" p'",'''', '"'' -
wv 'E'"' 81 'n' ''''''n 'l ~ '
."h'il'ss''n oE ne p'','n' H''s."n o'
'"' l'u.' 'ns s"'n '"N
'"" \" ''''''" H"'.' nav 'n'
4" '''l'" anu '~lN"I'N' '"' '"''"
heretofore 90 'nlr s''''"" pI'H'''''"
see Ihat 80 is necessary Tor the
preservation OF tho public peace
health aud safety OF the lnh0nitani'
of ia" stat" % New M"Nic" that th'
provisions of this act shall becom'
effective at the earliest possible time
and Therefore an emergency b. here
2y declared 10 exist and thus act shat
take effect ana Dee In fun force an'
effect from and after IT, passage ant
approval.
In suppo ~ his minority repor.
judge swan contcndcd that by oN
GLIDING real estate 3ssossors would b,
left to de as they pleased and tina
Tor 1913 real estate valuations. whiol
include conl hind, grazing land. etc.
would Doe wholly -dIsorgunlzcd am,
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1915-02-01

boulogne. France. Feb. Max
Ludo. the French heavyweight boxer,
known also as Ludovic Mercadicr.
who brought out Carpenter, has been
killed la action.
Evening star., 1915-10-17

course, after which he became pro-
fessor of geology at Cornell. He had
served but a short while when the En-
peror of Brazil engaged him to come
to Rio and take charge of the min
eralogy department of the National
Museum. He held this office for some
years and then left to make a geo.
logical survey of the state of Sac Paulo
Since then he has done other geological
work all over Brazil, hav ng been con-
tinually employed in that pursuit up
to the present. DIR. Derby for a long
time has been at the head of the ma
tional geological survey of this coun-
try and he still holds that position.
One of my first questions to DR..
Derby was as to the future of Brazil
He replied that he was not a prophet
nor the son of a prophet, and went on
to speak of the mineral resources of
the country. saying:
zone of the great assets of Brazil
is it's iron. The country has enormous
quantities of this metal and it will
eventually supply a large part of the
iron used by the world. This fact is
known to the iron and steel com
panes of other countries. and a syndi
cate was recently formed made up of
Englishmen and Americans to buy GER
tain parts of the iron beds and develop
them. This syndicate had bona fde
capital of 25,0o0.000 pounds sterling, or
SI25 100000, and l have no doubt but
that when matters become quiet once
more Its operations will be continued.
At present the situation is such that
no great undertaking can be entered
into. and there have been troubles in
connection with the concessions here
in Brazil that will have to be settled
before the syndicate will proceed with
it's work. l doubt not that the ore
beds will eventually be developed and
that they will result in a great in
dustry."
where is this field of iron, DR..
DerbyT' 1 asked.
1T is scattered over considerable
Minas Geraes The eastern end of it
is about 20 miles from the seacoast.
and it is so situated that the way to
the ocean is almost all down grade.
Some of the beds farther back in the
Evening star., 1915-10-17

to the southwark. About one hundred
years later the gold fields of Ouro
Preto. where the electric furnace Is
now. were opened up and the iron
fields were made known to the world.
A large part Of the gold in that district is
found in connection with the iron. although
more than hundred years went by before
we have any records of the irons being
turned into use. Along about the beginning
of the last century each gold mine was
producing it's own iron, some OF them
using the ordinary blacksmiths forge,
and at that time little smelling plant
was established which turned out iron
at the rate of about hundred pounds
per day. Later still the whole OF the
furnaces and about the time of our
civil war, 1854, as many as one hundred
and twenty were still in operation"
1t is DIR. Orville Derby who brought
Bahia to Rio de Janeiro. This meteor
lite is the largest in any museum. 1t is
more than seven feet long, almost hye
feet in width, and its weight when 1t
fell was about 10000 pounds. 1t was
first discovered In 1884 and the follow
ing year an attempt was made to con-
of a truck bull. for the purpose. 1t
took the men three days to load 1t, and
eighty oxen dragged it distance OF
1900 feet to the bed of a stream near
There 1t lay for about twenty-five
years. when Mr.. Mornay. an English
man. found it resting in a bed of rust.
Seven years later a few pieces were
broken up by the aid of instruments
and fire and some of these were taken
to other museums The largest piece Is
now in museum in Munich. 1t was
shortly after DR.. Derby came to Brazil
that he concluded to get the meteorite
to Rio de Janeiro. A railroad had been
built in the meanwhile and a special
truck was made to work on the rails.
1t took 12G days to get the meteorite to
the railroad. and it was finally brought
here to Rio de Janeiro in 1888. The
meteorite was carried over wild coun-
try and across a range of mountains
which was 2.400 feet high.
I asked DR.. Derby whether diamond
pipes, such as exist in South Africa,
would ever be found in Brazil He
would not prophesy. There is no doubt.
Evening star., 1915-10-17

-, -
soAhe.nius hhe iour to,is oi cldHioiids,
~ auuitio.i ; W i'S e"i "oiis anu othef
precious stoiies'
There is a great deal of money in the
~ arhons of Rr.zi, Ca-bo,s arc IN nr-a
=. ,.,-a,- -.
oiaiiioh"s Vi d oiaeh of o'o"h coior- lhey
are very hard and are used TO make hor-
ing mach mes and for polishing hard SUBJ
stances They are found in all sizes from
- - . -,
so'ie as "s "S .ai' Vi Sano " oN,eiS
that weigh hundreds OF carats we buy
thousands of dollars worth of these car
bons every wear One was found Soma
t;,,o .,. ,,.fo,,.s !, ooo -. r.
'e "eo '"a. "ese '''V0 IL
was soid IN bahia ana sent out TO Eu-
rope. where it brought $4,000: another,
weighing s75 carats. was sent to Paris
,,haro - s1,a e.. mo non 60.
-o' -0o'VVo
Evening star., 1915-10-17

Janeiro The country is high. and it has
many kinds of minerals, including d1a-
mondS It has great beds OF IRON. In the
central and southern parts OF the state
there are said TO be more than two bli-
lion tons of ore in sight, and one block OF
ircr that contains twenty million tons.
The latter is 80 per cent pure. 1he Nlhas
ores have been analyzcd by experts from
the United States Steel Company and
from the Krupps. and they known TO
be very valuable. So far fifty-two out
crops have been surveyed by the INNING
engineers of the Brazilian government,
ard their estimate is that they contain
10 less than twelve billion tons OF hlgh-
grade ore Ninas Geraes has one small
iron works that is now smelling SIX tons
of metal day at proHt o. IS per .oh.
Experiments are being made 10 recuce
the iron by electricity. and the govern
rnent has charge Of an electric furnace at
Ouro Ireto which has been recently
ere~ted at Il cost ~ S20,oGo. Tire great
trouble is the lack of good coal for sneit-
ing and 1t is question whether any such
can be found in Brazil.
x =
Iron ore is found in every Brazilian
state. One of the fields in Minas, which
is more than fifty miles long. is crossed
by the Central railroad, and the Leo
poidino railroad passes by other great
beds In the state of Parana there is
great deposit of ore which is only three
miles from seaport, and ore in large
quantities is known to exist in Sac Paulo
and Santa Catharina.
The iron ores of Brazil are of two
distinct types The magnetic ores are
found in several states. They are OF
small Importance, occurring only as
scattered deposits. The hematite ores
are found chiefly in Minas Geraes. They
occupy the south-central part of the
state and the principal beds are within
a territory 100 miles long and sixty
miles wide. 1t is in this region that
the electric furnace is operating, and
II is here that the enormous beds which
have referred to are found. The iron
formation varies in thickness. In
places it measures less than fifty feet
and in others it is said to be more than
900 feet thick The ore seems to be a
true sedimentary formation laid down
at the same time as the inclosing rocks.
and the rocks and ore have the same
Evening star., 1915-10-17

Gus colors and they are said to be so
per cent better on the average than
almost ruby in color. which weighed
two and three fourths carats, brought
$4,000 in London in 1899. A vivid
green one of two and one-half carats
was found in 1906. and two blue white
ones of twenty-one and thirty-six
carats were discovered about the same
time. The Irish crown jewels. valued
at S250,000, are made up almost entire
ly of Brazilian gems. In 1909 there
were 456 diamond claims in Diamantina
alone. scattered over an area of about
600, 900 acres. They produced one mil
lion dollars worth of diamonds that
year. Altogether it Is said that up to
1908 Brazil had exported a total Of
Evening star., 1915-10-17

however. that diamonds are still being
found In this country, and no one
knows whether diamond pipes may not
yet be discovered. Until the opening up
monds were found in the gravel of
streams. This was the case with the
diamonds of Brazil They were known
to exist almost 200 years ago and were
used as counters by the, gold miners
before their value was known. AS far
back as 1882 no less than 10000 men
were searching for diamonds in the
state of Minas, and during the follow
ing half century Brazil exported pre-
cous stones to the value of $4,000, 900.
During the eighteenth century the
stones were sold in parcels by contract
under government regulations, and the
average price was only about 50 per
carat Much of the work was done by
slaves. and any slave that found gem
of eighteen carats got his freedom. Up
to 1850 more than a quarter of mil
lion carats of diamonds were taken out
of two rivers. while from the River
Cuyaba more than a m llion carats had
Brazil held the first place in the world
in the production of diamonds.
X
The first diamonds were discovered in
the state of Minas Geraes, in a coun-
try which is about 500 miles north of
Rio de Janeiro. So many were found
that the country was becoming known
as Diamantina and it is still identified
with the diamond industry. Some OF
the fields are situated $50 miles from
the seacoast and one can go to within
several days mule ride of them by
railway. The country has an elevation
of from $500 to $500 feet above the
sea. Much of the diamond country is
made up of ravines and the gems are
found in a sort of blue clay deposit in
beds a few feet in thickness. The dla-
mond pipes of Africa consist OF blue
clay.
There are also diamond fields in CEN
trail Bahia and many are found in the
streams. Some of the gravels are in
swampy districts. buried from twenty
to thirty feet under water and mud,
and some lie in streams on the bed
rock below the gravel. There are also
diamond fields in Matto Crosse. that
Evening star., 1915-10-17

II can only say that they are enor
nous. 1 recently estimated them at
two thousand million tons, but in this
l included only the high-grade ore that
could be used for the manufacture OF
steel. That ore is equal to the best of
our Lake Superior regions and OF a
higher grade than a great part of it;
Some of the biologists of the United
States. including professors Of the Uni
versity of Wisconsin at Madison. have
stated that my estimate was con-
servative one. Wisconsin professors,
you know, have had much to do with
Investigating the Lake Superior ffelds
Can you tell me something about the
owners of the fields?"
Some of them are American capital
lists who sent their experts down here
to examine the territory after my
statement as to the extent of the ore
and it's value. 1t was upon the advice
of the experts that they bought large
tracts of ore bearing property from the
original owners. These men include
such well known persons as James j.
Hill and others. There are also Ger
man and English capitalists who have
bought tracts of ore lands. Some or
the syndicate are men interested in
shipping. The proposition Is to a large
extent traffic one, for the ore Will be
carried down to the sea and shipped
to the smelters of the United States
and Europe"
Gould it not be smelted in Brazil?"
1 asked.
80 far we have not discovered coal
fit for smelling in such quantities as
are needed for that purpose. We have
coal, but it is not of the right quality"
How about smelling by electricity"
Il do not think that is feasible. Elec-
trio smelling takes about one-third as
much coal as smelling altogether by
Evening star., 1915-10-17

Seward Fairbanks route presented fewer
engineering difficulties in its building
and was also one of the shortest routes,
and based their report on this finding.
with the completion of this new rail-
road, the vast district known as the
Kenai peninsula can be worked and will
be easily accessible a any time Of the
year. Not only will the vast coal and
gold interests be opened up. but the find
ing of copper, antimony and lead veins
will no doubt mean their profitable work.
ing. Certain sections of Alaska, notably
Fairbanks. are also adapted to agricul
tural pursuits, and the railroads will make
transportation of all products possible
and profitable. In addition to mineral
interests. there is considerable market
able timser in the adjacent country.
$50 1t would seem that President Will
sons order that Seward should be the
terminal Of the new government road to
Fairbanks makes 1t loom large as a pos
sible and natural situation for Alaska's
important city or metropolis.
''If the Matanuska coal proves abun
dant and desirable. Seward might make
mines are opened up it will be Necessary
to ship in most of the needed suppl ,es ex-
cept timber from outside Of Alaska. and
further development Of this field would
undoubtedly involve the building Of other
Industries and establishments for the
manufacture of machinery and mine sup
plies. Cities grow because they are
favorably located for bringing working
Stewards future Importance can be easily
figured.
Seward also fulfills the need for an
adequate coastal terminal for the in
land railroad. 1t has a fine harbor with
ample room for the construction of
wharfs. and an admirable town site.
The town lies sheltered at the head of
Resurrection bay. At her back rugged
capped mountains heap them
selves boldly in her defense, while in
front lies the tranquil bay, with the
dock directly at the head of the harbor
on the south. And on the north there
are miles of land for the coming city
to expand.
1.-The harbor is almost ideal. being
accessible to sailing as well as steam
vessels, open all times of the year; and
the routes of approach are practically
devoid of dangers.
'In Resurrection bay, known also az
Sunday harboT, the Russian-American
Evening star., 1915-10-17

company had a post and shipbuilding
yard. AS late rs 1890 an American and
his family occupied the quarters and
constituted the only settlement on the
coast The town was started about
1904, and prior to 1912 was still
sleepy little village with only the oc-
casional visit of the Bering sea boats
or an incoming steamer from south
eastern Alaska to awaken her to in
terest in the outside world. Today 1t is
a thriving, wide-awake town, with
every prospect for successful future.
The town is well laid out and has am
pie space for necessary and commercial
development. 1t is well provided with
municipal improvements, and was in
corporatea in 1913 1t has a telephone
system, a daily newspaper hotels. good
stores and bank whose deposits nave
Increased $4,000 since the passage of
the railway bill. which in itself spells
increased population. There is also
cable communication with the outside
world Wireless stations have SO far
been unsuccessful on account of the
high mountains which surround the
town, However, this will be overcome
in the near future by the erection of
powerful wireless towers.
X
1.-THE railway has SO far only provided
temporary structures for sheds. store
houses and shops. though they have a
good office building. 1t also owns the
only dock, which extends out to twen-
ty-five feet of water at low tide. Sew
ard has a good water supply from a
stream in the surrounding hills and an
electric plant which receives its hy-
draulic power from the same source.
Another pertinent factor in the de-
velopment of Seward is that with the
opening of the new road she will
greatly shorten the trip from Seattle
to Fairbanks, thereby decreasing both
time and expense. At the present time
one must take the inside passage
through southeastern Alaska from
Seattle to Skagway, at the head of
Lynn canal, which consumes about four
days. Then 10 miles by rail to White
Horse, an all-day ride; thence by
steamer down the Yukon river to the
mouth of the Tanana river, and on to
Fairbanks-in all, 1.460 miles. which
takes six days more. With the new
facilities for reaching Fairbanks the
direct ocean trip from Seattle to Sew
ard Is 1920 miles. or four days travel.
without stop: then twenty-four-hour.
Evening star., 1915-10-17
DIAMOND HUNTING IN SLAVERY DAYS.

cannot even buy or sell diamonds with
out government permission. In Brazil
any one can get license to mine dia-
monds. and the diamond fields are full
of prospectors and small groups of men
who have Joined together to search for
the precious stones. The work is
done much like placer washing in the
United States and all the tools neces-
sary can be carried on mule. Much
of the work is done in the streams. the
miners diving down from boats, taking
with them canvas bags held open by
iron rings. Each miner fills his bag
with the gravel and then rises to the
boat. where he empties it. After suf-
fcient amount of gravel has been Sc
cured 1t is carried to the shore and
the diamonds sorted out Where the
men have enough capital they some
times dam the streams and turn the
water, so that the dry bed can be
looked over.
The miners work only in the dry sea-
son. They go over the gravel again
and again Even the sand is sifted and
sorted and at the close women go
through the refuse and pick out the
stones that may have been missed.
If there are pieces of conglomerate
they are broken up and explosives are
used to get out the boulders blocking
the stream. The diamonds are often
found in pockets about or under such
boulders.
The finest diamond ever discovered in
4*
Brazil is known as "The Star of the
South" 1t weighed in the rough a55
caratS and 125 carats when cut. The
next was the Dresden green diamond
which weighed 119h carats, and an
other was the Star of Minas. which
weighed IFS carats. DIR. Derby thinks
that these three diamonds were of the
same original form. Each was a COM
bination of curved faces consisting of
a dome rising from a plane surface.
They were all found in Minas, on or
near the River Bagagem. In 1906 4
stone of 900 carats was discovered not
far from that river. but one of the
miners tried to test it on an anvil with
a sledge hammer and crushed it. The
largest piece contained an eight-carat
stone.
The Brazilian diamonds are of vari-
Evening star., 1915-10-17

dip Some of the ore layers form the
tops of hills or ridges and there are
great cliffs of ore to be seen along
the hillSides.
During my stay here I have had a
chat with DR.. Orville T. Derby, who is
at the head of the geological survey of
Brazil, and who has been for many
years the chief geologist of the coun-
try DR.. Derby is a North American.
He was born in the United States and
received his education at Cornell Uni
versity. 1t was away back in 1870,
forty-five years ago, that he first came
here with one of his professors in con-
nection with the Morgan exploration
expedition, sent out from the United
States to do geological work in Brazil.
He returned to complete his college
Evening star., 1915-10-17

WNN interest in Alaska is boom
\W\V ing, and reliable information
" " of the country and it's re-
sources seems to be much in demand.
Speaking with authority-for he re-
turned from Alaska last November,
after having been sent there by the
government to study the fish and fur
Industries and the seal islands and to
report on general conditions TO the
Secretary of Commerce-Ernest Lester
Jones. superintendent of the United
States coast and geodetic survey, sets
forth a number of interesting facts.
Alaska says Mr.. Jones, lis our new
and present-day Land OF Promise AS
our civilization has progressed there
kas been d steady trend westward
first TO the middle west and then a
pushing on TO the Pacific coast. until
the wealth and resources of these sec
tions are permanently recognized. And
now. with a rush, people of both east
and west are pouring into Alaska,
which is seemingly considered a veri-
table wonderland. with wealth Of all
kinds to be had for the finding.
x*
has surrounded the great territory she
practically stagnated for years. A few
vcnturesome parties braved the climate
and unknown dangers in a search for
riches. bringing out with them tales
both OF wonder and horror. At different
times reports of a big strike have
started abnormal rushes TO certain sec
tions. Mushroom towns woulc spring
up in a night. only TO be absolutely de-
serted later. Few people went to
Alaska to live. They would plan to
stay only long enough to make their
stake and then return 70 their native
heath. Hardships were too severe. the
country so vast. too difficult Of access
and too far from civilization.
For long years hsh and fur trading
were the only things to attract the
white man to Alaska; then. as minerals
were discovered and mined the matter
OF transportation became imperative.
We know that railroads are very po-
tent and necessary factor in the open
ing and de velopment OF any country.
In 1912 Congress created the Alaska
railroad commission and progress in
Alaska began to assume definite pro-
portions, and with the passing of the
new railway bill in March, 1914. the
vigorous policy of the present admin
ietration seems to have given backbone
to further advancement. The govern
ment has taken the initiative In the de-
velopment of the new territory and il
is to our credit that we are willing to
fall into line. At the present time
Alaska has less than 500 miles of rail-
way-this in nine disconnected systems
and IL is n vast country, greater than
She combined areas OF Germany, France
and Spain. and larger by 100 square
fniles than all the states east OF the
AtSsissippi river. excepting Florida,