davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
German Gas Apparatus and
Method by Which It Is
Carried.

The French complain Of the chic.
rine yapors which have been used
by the Germans. But It is established
by the reports Of the German head.
quarters that they (the French)
themselves had previously employed
asphyxiating gases.
The English now assert that they
have invented masks which are "a
protection against these vapors, and,
as reported in the Daily Mail, such
protective masks are sold in the
streets Of London in large quantities.
These are to be carried by the Lon
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
Uncle SAINTS CHICKEN PUZZLE and Solution

YERE is q puzzle which Is easier
~ than 1t at first appears, unwit-
j j tingly presented by Uncle
Sam in giving free advice to his
farmers for the raising of chickens.
The signs are the toe;marks he sug-
gests for chicks. Out OF the arrange
ment OF the 16 combinations there
are only four symbols used, II we
admit the structure Of the fowls feet
rs part of the design. These are the
first symbols in the couples marked
i, 2, and 8. Bear this in mind
while taking the advice of the bureau
of animal industry:
when the young chicks are
Matched they should be marked In
some way, so that it can be known
Just what pen or pens they are from,
II birds from certain pens are to be
kept for breeding or other purposes:
also to be able to tell the year in
which the birds are Matched. "A good
method of marking the chicks is to
punch small hole in the web OF the
foot between the toes with a harness
punch. using the small-size punch.
The figure shows a system of mark
ing with 16 different combinations
that can be used for this purpose"
The system is simplicity itself, SO
the chicken.raiser is not taking on
any additional problems by concern
ing himself-or herself-about the
apparently odd part Of the numbered
arrangement here shown.
Whether It is curious how 16 COM
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
Getting GRAPE JUICE byFREEZING
VIE american department. Of az
ricdlture announces that there

American department Of
riculture announces that there
has been discovered at Wash.
ltngton a method for concentrating
grape Juice. which promises to be
the greatest discovery In the wine In.
dustry since Pasteur discovered the
method of preserving light wines for
the French government. Some wag
at the national capital has referred
to the process as Organizing the
grape juice"
This new method is altogether
novel, as 1t consists not In boiling
down the Juice, but in freezing the
juice. The ice Is then cracked into
small pieces and whirled in O. CEN
trifugal machine; by this means all
the sugar and thick syrup is sepa-
rated from sthe ice, which is almost
pure water. BY this means a gallon
of the syrup Is reduced to one quart.
A!peculiar phenomenon incident to
ithisiprocessi isl the fact that the cream
of tartar tcrystallizes outwith the Ice
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
ME relations between disease.
and nutrition. and the nearly

AS10sa0ne UStWe6u u1SSu66
and nutrition. and the nearly
complete inanition observed in
many cases. indicate the Importance
ofTstudying the physiology and chem.
istry Of fasting. In 1912, Francis G.
Benedict Of the Carnegie Institution
Of Washington made very complete
study Of man fasting 81 days. In
the Proceedings Of the National sAcad.
envy of Sciences appears short &C.
count Of the work.
Measurements were made Of the
weight. Precipitation, Temperature,
pulse. blood pressure, respiration and
ialveolar air pressure.
"a complete clinical examination
was made everyssecond7 day.
+ Complete chemical and microscop.
lical examinations of the urine were
made.
The respiration was studied in the
respiration calorimeter, in which the
carbon dioxide excretion, the oxygen
consumption, and the water tapor'
lied from lungs and skin could be
measured simultaneously.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
How MODERN WAR Has REVIVED
the Deadly MAGIC Of the AN lENTS

orffcess the Greek IRE or other burn,
fng liquids, especially petroleum.
aqurte6 towards the enemy. who
fled, ttetrfAed and supplied by tho
poisonous gases.
Greek fire was still IN use at the
time of the Crusades, In the 18th cen.
.tuty fafter Christ. when 1t was en-
ployed by the Saracens against the
sGhristtans with the aid of the devices
Just described. Subsequently, its Sc
scfet was lost, but the idea still sur.
wives.
In che American war against the
Southern States. in 1861 to 1856, they
reverted again to chemical attack. To
begin with, they used. as incendiafy
;proJe cities. simple iron balls heated
to red heat on. field hearths accom-.
spanyfng the troops-also employed
In the sPrussian army as recently as
the middle of4last century. Then.
chemical mixtures were resorted to.
Tor the first time, for initiating a
"chemioaleattack."
linesadiary Shell. in,.he Civil War.
The Americans filled shell, with a
solution of phosphorus in sulphuret
OF carbon. When these shells burst
the solution poured over the build.
tngs 70 be destroyed. The sulphuret
Of carbonteyaporated, the phosphorus
3lgnited spontaneously on contact with
'tiaa atmosphere, and its fire soon T..
, y. other combustible substances
extinction was Impossible This
mode Of chemical attack showeyar'
Ieli.tnto disuseta the termination
o. the Amertcanicivil war, because Il
was too dangerous even for the a..
tackers' own troops. -
~ appears that 1t was not unti, the
present war that German chemical
science succeeded in creating q nav
and better basis for chemical attacks
Again and again the reports Of the
French general star have stated that
the Germans poured burning .lionid
over the trenches. But the French,
themselves also make chemical at.
tacks. - ~
The report of the Great Headquar.
ters Of June Q, 1915, states that they
poured readily infiammable LIQUID
upon the German trenches, but never.
theless failed topenetrate into our DO.
sitions. THE enemy fed back to their
own trenches with heavy losses"
1t is impossible at the present mo.
ment to say what was the cause Of
the failure Of this French chemical
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
Did the STARS Foretell the WAR!
r@AMIILE FLAMMAR1oN has

z~AMIILE FLAMMAR1oN has
I written an ingenious article.
illustrated with quaint wood
cuts from q 18th century work. in
which he shows that an celestial and
omensof wartinwhich our
iforefathers so FIRMLY believed duly
iushered in the great conflict now rag
ing in Europe. THESE include:
1.-The total solar eclipse of Aug.
"a, 1914, visible In Europe and Asia.
:2-Delayan'snaked.eyec omet, known
asvthe '.war comet" discovered at the
close OF 1919, and destined to remain
visible for the next tiye years Cfrom
which the superstitious might augur
seven years OF war).
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
Whatls SnaiI's Pace2
Q a snail's pacen "a a o,n,r

a I snail's pace" is a common
~ expression. and usually signL
fies very slow speed. But
what 90 you suppose rs the actua,
pace made by a snail in ltravellinga
we can give 1t in accurate figures.
one loot in four minutes, or at the
rate Of one mile in 16 days. IL travel.
sing continuously. 81
These are figures given by George
szahnizer, acivilsengineer, taken from m
actual Observation. sAen tlom
a Short time since Mr.. zabn,ze,
was waiting fora train at a conntrv
station. He had nothing in ,narticn
!, lar,to do. and KILLED little time INV Nv
ltiming snail which was icren,ns
along the ground. " ep'ns
one foot in four minutes. M Ns zahl
MIXER has figured out that It would 1,aL
require 1s days for that snailito move
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
.o1soNous gas and liquid fire
have added new terrors to mod.

nave aQQeQ new CerrOrS 10 mOQ-
ern war. and the time may come.
1t seems, when a combat Of nations
will be merely a laboratory proposi-
ton worked out and planned by sci
entific wizards, grave. silent, wise
men who have looked deep into the
secret of natures forces. In the
early stages of the great conflict
there was told a circumstantial story
of the use by the French Of won.
derful agent, probably a gas, which
brought instant death to all whom It
smote.
The correspondent described a
group Of dead Germans, transfxed as
though they had been turned to
stone, the same expressions on their
faces as were there at the time the
invisible thing overdame them. Pre-
vlous to this there had been mystic
rious suggestions of the terrible
power in the hands Of the French,
which they hesltated to use, and
this gruesome story of the death,
which came without terror and left
no mark, seemed to give clue to
Just what the guarded writings re-
ferred. The German,defenders of gas
assault have referred to this fact to
show that they were not the first to
use the weapon.
But evensbefore any of.these things
were heralded Emil voute, shaping
his novel. THE Passport" made gas
play vital part in the story; and
naturally SO because the hero is a
young chemist. He sets out to find
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31

some immensely powerful agent that
will temporarily paralyze combatants
without killing them.
Hetdiscovers 1t in a gas which he
is able to spread over given area
and whlchfnarcotiae les instantly every
one lin its effective radius, the sleep
thus produced lasting a few hours
enough to enable the conquerors to
make prisoners Of their opponents
when the battle front is too wide or
the re-enforcements too powerful to
move forward to new attack.
A single hand grenade overcomes
the crew Of submarine after she
has compelled the surrender of an
ocean liner and is about to sink her,
a battery of mortars discharge
enough bombs to overcome a whole
battle front. Marvellous? Yes. Flc.
tion-today! Impossible! Who dares
to say?
Yes. it is more than likely that In
the reaction from the staggering
slaughter of the greatest Of conflicts
the wars of the future, seeking to
conserve the humanity Of which we
hear 80 much even amid the hot mist
OF blood, Will seek merely to "put
OUT an, army. after the fashion that
o boxer sends over the "sleep.com.
polling jolt" to his opponent. So the
novelist may have the provision of a
seer. And in the same connection It
will be interesting to read the fol.
lowing article on the chemical attack
in war. citing the precedents for poi.
son gas, by well-known German au.
thority. which is marked by thorough.
ness Of research,
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
POISON GAS Used BY The Old
GREEKS, and FLAME &
SHELLS in Many Of the
Earlier Wars 4
Earlier Wars

attackn-but from the very FIRST the
Germans have been better technical
chemists than the French.
But q chemical attack may not
only be carried out by means Of bum.
ing substances. but also by asphyx.
tattng gases. We know, in fact, from.
the reports as to Greek -fire-as given.
for instance. by vegetius. and as
handed down to US from the reports
on the Crusades-that the sulphur
mixed with ittflled THE atmosphere
with aFgas having "a highly asphyx.
iating effect and irritating In nature
inducing coughing.
But they were not. always In a DO.
sttion TO employ sulphur, and there.
fore tried to act by other means on
the respiratory organs ana olfactory
nerves. Suchrmeansi presented them
selves in the shape Of the most
varied malodorous substances. espe-
cially the lacteous Juice of the plant
"ferula aassafoetida," which, In the
dried state, spreads terrible garlic
like smell. y
Balls were made by mixing this
dried assafoetida with starch and
gum, ETC., and these were thrown at
the enemy. The effect was not par
iticularly striking: In the first place.
the side using this substance had
themselves to suffer by the smell;
and secondly. it did not by any means
prevent the enemy from advancing.
1t was only through Sthe progress
made in chemistry tina. more up-to-
date and more effective malod orous
substances were obtained, such as
cacody1 oxide. an arsenical combi-
natoin, indol. and scatol. the smell
Of which suggests manure.heaps, and
sulphuret Of carbon. which smells
like rotten horse.radish. etc.
Malodorous Assault
Some of these substances, especial.
ly sulphuret of carbon, were en-
.ployed in the American civil war,
but they did not prove very effective.
When chemists learned, subsequent
", how to liquefy gases. new possi-
bilities Of chemical attack were pre-.
scented. Liquid sulphurous acid and
liqueied chlorine, on being allowed
to volatilize, disengage enormous VOL
umes of yapor.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
By DIR. ALBERT NEuBERcER

dunn Ia a,lxind OF chemical attack"
In the earliest ages. people medi-
Itated how to destroy the enemy's
dwelling places or fortifications by
fire caused from a distance. It "a
true that Homer was not acquainted
with this mode of chemical attack
from a distance, but 1t made its ap-
lpearance az early asjin the fifth cen.
fury before Christ.
About $50 B. G. .Aeneas described
fire-composltions formed Of various
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31

For 81 days the fasting mans nor.
NAL condition remained fairly nor.
NAL. despite great physical deterio.
ration and decline in weight from
1873 to 104 pounds.
The subject, native Of Malta, In.
sisted on breaking his fast with acid
fruits in large quantities. thus induc.
ing intestinal disorder, which neees.
STATED a short sojourn.in hospital
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31

s-The transit Of Mercury ON Nov.
2. 1914.
4-The fall of a s5.pound meteorite
In England last October.
5-The great italian earthquake Of
Jan. IS. 1916.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
How SCIENCE STUDIED a STARVING MAN

The heat production was likewise
measured, and the effect Of change OF
posture and other factors upon the
'metabolism was studied.
The metabolisms of the sleeping
and the waking state were also com.
pared.
The energy transformation per
kilogramme of weight and per square
metre Of surface was computed.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
sRsasan iInesndiary Arrows.

y NH q 4 "
Latertcn. incendiary arrows came
into use, being shot fr0msa distance
against wooden structufeseof the
opponent in order to set them on fire.
The incendiary arrows were ssubse-
,quently enlarged, so that they were
even shot from catapults. These m
cendiary arrows were called, in the
Roman army "falaricae." They were
provided. behind the arrow.headswith
a perforated tube containing tow,
resin, sulphur, and petroleum. They
were ignited before being launched.
chemical attack" called ZOE
chemical defence" AT first, at;
,tempts were made to render incen.
diary arrows lneffeetive by throwing
earthupon them. Subsequently cloths
saturated with vinegar were found to
hal sstill better means; and then be-
ean the did competition between
weapons Of attack and weapons OF
defence The question now was to
find chemical substances, the flames
Of which could not be sextingosshed
Iby the cloths saturated with vinegar
thrownfupons them.
It has frequently been asserted
that zone oftthe most famous chemi.
scalrmeans Of attack-thei Greek fire"
.-was prepared with the use salt
,petre. 1t rs said to have been In.
vented by iKallinikos of Heliopolis
about $50. but probably 1t was usaf
even at an earlier age-viz., under
Constantine the Great in the Fourth
century after Christ.
Although it has not hitherto been
calculated for certain whether the
Creek fire contained saltpetre, its
composition, as far as can be ascer-
tanned, shows at any rate that even
at that early period very tngeniously
devised chemical mixtures werelused
as weapons of attack, seeing that
Greel, fire continued not only readily
tntlammable substances such as pitch.
resin and petroleum, but also sulphur
and quicklime.
"Ignited" by Water.
hit was thrown upon water, the
ouicklime, by being quenched in
water, generated heat sufficient ITO
ignite the petroleum, which, on its
part developed enough heat to ignite
the other. combustible substances.
But the light UNDERGRADUATES olsen
gagged from the evaporating petrole-
um. more especially benzine, formed,
with air. an explosive mixture.
Thus explosions took place, and
enormous clouds of smoke and SCOT
were developed. Then the sulphur
also caught fire. and in its combus-
ton formed gas of very highly as.
phyxiating action-viz, sulphurous
acid, which renders approach impos-
sible and serves to expel the enemy
from his position. Thus we are al
ready coming near to the ,present-day
methods Of fighting.
1t was impossible to extinguish the
fire, because water poured upon 1t
only served to spread the petroleum,
and thus propagate the fire. But
they went still further. Large syr-
hinges were used, after the style of
'tiresengines, the mouths having the
shape of dragons and iotherlmonstsrs
with Swide:open jaws. From these
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
Red Gross German Wearing q
Face Mask and Oxygen APP
sparatus in Rendering Aid to
the Asphyxiatei,

doners in their pockets, to be put on
Immediately German Zeppelin ap-
proaches, in order to render ineftec-
tive the chemical attack" likely to-
be made by the latter. as alleged. by
gas bombs,
Thus. In this instance, also rchem.
zeal attack" in It's latest form, has
edsto measures 81 defence, and time
only can tell whether these are really
elective.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31

Newcastle on Tyne takes It's
name from castle which was
erected on the banks Of the Tyne
in 1880.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31
-HE idea of destroying 1.-THE enc:
my by chemical substances liz

my by chemical substances is
almost as ancient aswarfare IT,
self. AT first, of course. its mode of
application was Of primitivenature.
Flame Is always a concomitant feat
ure Of the chemical process which we
call oxidation" 1t indicates to us
that a substance is combining with
the oxygen Of the atmosphere. Hence
the use of any incendiary, me-
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31

The entire world produces total
Of 1000, 100000 tons Of coal an
nua1ly.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31

gracious reader, tell why the 16 com.
binations are possible? It may be
so easy OF explanation that the ques.
tons seem puerile: and then again
1t may not seem so. What do you
say?
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31

binations can be made out of four
signs is no concern OF the practical
folk ION the job" That may well be
left to, others who like to study over
such things.
And. as matter of fact. can you.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-10-31

( chemical. substances to make them
easily ignitable and hard to extin-
sguish. They consisted Of pitch, sui
gphur, tow, incense, and resinous
Swoodchips. The compound was put
into pots, which were thrown. burn
ing, from lbesieged towns upon the
tortoise" or shelter under which the
.bestegersstried to approach theswalls.
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1915-03-25
Cades Cuttings.

Cades, March 23:-Mr R E Tarte
had business at Kingstree Monday.
MIR and Mrs V G Annette spent
Sunday at Lake City with friends
and relatives.
Mr. George A McElveen of King
stree was here few days recently
buying cotton from several of the
progressive farmers.
Old Jack Frost keeps hanging
around mighty late; lookout, beans.
Prof H H Brown spent the week
end at Jacksonville, Florida.
Several of the folk in and around
town are confined to bed with grip.
Mr. V E Strong went to Kingstree
,--Nss2->
Monday on business. s,,z.s,
Mr. Mack Montgomery has recent
ly moved his family here from Sum-
ter; we welcome them very heartily.
Rev L E Peeler preached an in
teresting sermon at Cedar Swamp
Sunday. UNO.
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1915-03-25
Hemingway Happenings.

Heminowav March -Miss
EIoise Rrown Of Leo is spending
some time here with her sister, Mrs
Hemingway
Miss Florence Carawav is spend
ing this week at the home of DR. -
Simmons
Mr. A c Brown of Lanes was in
town Sunday csIlior on friends.
Mr. and Mrs ! M Fqddv are NOV.
inc into their. beautiful new home
4h;s vaak
pav Mr. Caraway Of Rome cca-
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1915-03-25

Send Us an order. for stationery.
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1915-03-25
DEATH CLAIMS MRS. JACKSON
Relfct of the Great Confederate
Chieftafn SuccumbS to Malady.

Charlotte, N C, March 24:-Mrs
Mary Anna Jackson, widow of Thom-
as Jonathan (StonewalD Jackson. the
famous Confederate general, died at
her home here early today. She had
been ill for many months. An attack
of pneumonia three days ago hasten
ed her death. Her granddaughter,
Mrs Randolph Preston, and other
relatives were at Mrs Jackson's bed
side when she died. Public build
ings. schools and business houses
will be closed tomorrow, the day of
the funeral. The body will be
buried at Lexington, Va, beside
that of "Stonewall" Jackson.
Mrs Jackson was born near this
city July 27, 1881. the daughter of
Rev Robert Hall Morrison, a Pres
byterian minister and founder of
Davidson College.
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1915-03-25
UGH CALOMEL MAKES
YOU DEATHLY SICK
Stop Using Dangerous Drug Be.
fore 1t Salivates You! IT'S
HOrriblel

You're bilious, sluggish, consti.
pated and believe you need vile,
dangerous calomel to start your liver
and clean your bowels.
Here's my guarantee! Ask your
druggist for a so cent bottle of Dod-
sons Liver Tone and take a spoon
full tonight. If it doesn't start your
liver and straighten you right up
better than calomel and without
gripping or making you sick | want
you to go back to the store and get
your money.
Take calomel today and tomorrow
you will feel weak and sick and
nauseated. Don't lose days work.
Take a spoonful of harmless, veget-
able Dodson's Liver Tone tonight
and wake up feeling great. It's per-
fectly harmless, so give it to your
children any time 1t can't saiivate,
so let them eat anything afterwards
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1915-03-25
has DARLINGTON F9UHD TIE SAFE?
The anSEGP IS Found IN the Straight.
forward Sia.gmgGi G! 1 bgGi.Dg-
Ton Resident.


We have been reading week after
week in the local press OF hingSuee
citizens who have Deen rid Of dis
trassing kidney and bladder trou-
bles by Doan's Kidney Pills, and We
have often wondered whether the
same high opinion of this medicine
is to be found in our nei2hboring
towns. This frank aad earnest state
ment by well-known and respect
ed resident of Darlington will set
this doubt at rest.
H L Brown, ,rocer, Broad and
Washington SITS, Darlington, S G.,
says: l had dull pains through the
small of my ba < and couldn't rest
well. Mornings | was sore and
lame and | often had dizzy spells.
The kidney secretions passed irregu-
larly and the least cold | caught
settled on my kidneys, making me
suffer worse. Doan's Kidney Pills
relieved all the ailments
Price SOC, at all dealers. Don't
simply ask for a kidney remedy-get
Doan's Kidney Pills-the same that
Mr. Brown had. Foster-Milburn
Co, Props, Buffalo, N Y.
The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, 1915-03-25
. KINGSTREE HIGH and
, GRADED SCHOOL NOTES.

The Wee Nee Literary society held
it's regular meeting Friday, March
IL, with Mr. Lesesne presiding. The
subject for debate was: Resolved,
That Education Promotes Happi-
ness" The debates and discussion
were delivered very enthusiastically.
The judges, Miss Ida Vause, Rev
Henry D Bull and Hon Richard
X Wallace, rendered their decision
in favor of the negative. After
hearing the reports of the different
officers, as there was no further
business, the house adjourned unit
next meeting.
LITERARY EDITOR.