South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-08-04

Cb) The appointment and all questions To-
lating to the conditions OF office, functions
and powers Of the International SeCrvla...-.
and of the President and other officers of the
International Council:
&C. The settlement OF Standing Orders, and
all questions relating to procedure and verih-
cation of powers;
Cd The financial affairs OF the Interns
tional High Court. the ALLEGATION of the cost
among the Constituent States, and the issue
of precepts upon the several Constituent
States. and the issue or precepts upon the
several Constituent States for the shares due
from them;
(e) The admission of Independent sover-
eign States as Constituent States; and
% Any proposal to alter any Of these ArtL
cles, and the making of such an alteration.
NOTE TO ARTICLE 6.-The suggested
complex organization of the International
Council is required in order: (a) To prevent
the Council being swamped when it is deal
ing with matters not affecting Central and
South America, by the representatives OF the
twenty independent sovereign States OF that
part of the world; and OBJ to maintain unim-
paired the practical hegemony and the re-
sponsibility for preventing a serious war
which have, in fact, devolved upon the eight
Great Powers, whose adhesion TO these Arti-
cles is essential to their full efficacy.
The Council for America would consist ex-
cluslYely or the representatives of the twenty
one Independent sovereign States of the Amer
lean Continent now associated in the Pan
American Union. Other States having de-
tendencies on or near that Continent (viz
the British Empire IA. respect of the Canadian
Dominion, Newfoundland, the British West
Indian Islands, British Honduras, British
Guiana, and the Falkland Islandsj France In
respect TO st. Pierre and MiQuelon, Guade-
loupe, Martinique and French Guiana: HoI-
land in respect of Surinam and CuracOoi and
Denmark in respect Of Greenland. st. Groix
. st. Thomas and st. john would be safe
guarded by the power to require che transfer
of any question to the Council of the eight
Great Powers or to the Council sitting as a
whole.
Membership Of the Council and VOTING.
z. All the Constituent States shall have
equal rights TO participation in the delibera-
tons OF the international Council. ANY Con-
stituent State may submit TO the Interna-
ttonal Council sitting as a whole any pro-
pOsal for any alteration OF International Law
or for making an enactment OF new laWi and
also (subject to the provisions Of these Arti-
cles with regard TO the submission Of iustic-
liable issues to the International High Court
may bring before the Council any question.
dispute or difference arising between it and
any other Constituent State.
as the Council OF the eight Great Powers or
as the Council of the States other than the
eight Great Powers each of the States repre-
sented therein shall have one vote only.
When the International Council is sitting
as a whole or as the Council for Europe or
as the Council for America, the number OF
votes to be given on behalf OF each State shall
be as follows:
NOTE TO ARTICLE THE scale Of cottno
strength t0tU require TO be prescribed Gs the
h. FoTT1 ~ Ill. -.
The question of the relative voting power
in the International Council OF the forty or
fifty Independent sovereign States is one OF
the greatest difficulty. AT The Hague Con.
ference the smaller States successfully main
tanned the right OF all the States, even the
smallest to equality of voting power. On the
other hand, the eight Great Powers, which are
probably administering threefourths of the
total population OF the world. disposing OF
seYen-eighths Of its governmental revenues
and controlling nine-tenths Of it's armed
forces, will certainly not submit 10 be out
voted by nine OF the smallest States OF Amer
lea or Europe.
One suggested scale OF relative voting
power has the unique merit of having been
actually agreed to at The Hague Conference
in 1907 in the form OF the relative participa-
ton of the Judges Of the several States in the
proposed international Prize Court Devised
for such a purpose, il somewhat overvalues
certain States having exceptionally large
maritime interests (such as Norway and I'M
dervalues some having small maritime inter
ests (such as Serbia). Other minor adjust
ments might now have 10 be made.
AS agreed to by The Hague Conference, tia
relative position Of the States works out into
the following scale of votes:
Austria Hungary, the British En-
pire France, Germany Italy,
Japan. Russia, the United
States Of America. ..........20 votes each
Spain Observation-Disclosures. Yoteseach
The Netherlands ............ 3 votes each
Belgium, Denmark, Greece. Nor
way, Portugal, Sweden China,
ROumania, Turkey. s votes each
Argentine, Brazil. Chile. Mexico votes each
Switzerland Bulgaria, Persia .. votes each
Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Vene-
Zuela Serbia, Siam. 2 votes each
The other Constituent States vote each
(These may include Bolivia, Costa Rica.
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guate-
mala, Haiti, Honduras, Luxembourg, Montene
gro Nicaragua. Panama, Calvador, etc-)
AS regards the Council for America. IL may
be urged that the existing Pan-American
Union has equal voting On the other hand.
the United States is not likely 10 allow such
a Council 10 become an effective legislature
IT, with four-hfths OF the population, IL mas
only one-twenty-frst Of the voting power. The
United States may. indeed. insist, in this
Council on an even larger relative voting