The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1915-03-16

and is rather uniformly distributed
throughout the year.
The western half of the State Is
uuderlain by limestone and the east.
ern half by shales and sandstones,
with only a few thin beds of lime.
stone. AS three.fourths Of the State
was glaciated, only the southeastern
section has residual soils, while those
IN other sections are transported.
The most important residual soil
is the Dekalb silt loan, derived from
nonred shales and fine-grained sand.
stones. The red shales give rise to
the Upshur clay, which can not be
separated on the soil map from the
Dckalb, and the Meigs soils, represent.
ing undifferentiated Dekalb and Up
shur material with all gradations be.
tween. Where limestone is interbed-
ded with the nonred shales and sand.
stones, the soils are classed as the
Westmoreland. A small area of resi-
dual limestone soil occurs principally
in western Adams County.
The transported soils can be sub.
divided into glacial drift, glacial lake,
terrace, locss, and alluvial soils.
In the western half of the State
the drift consists largely of ground
UP limestone, and the soils may be
termed glacial limestone soils. Tho
two principal types are the Miami
silt loan and clay loan. The slightly
reddish brown morainic soils have
been included in the Bellefontaine
series.
East of Sandusky and Columbus the
drift consists largely of shale and
sandstone and gives rise to three soi1
series--the Wooster, volusia, and
Trumbull. The Wooster loan and
silt loan, the Volusia loan, silt loan,
and clay loan, and the Trumbull silt
loan and clay loan are the most i'm.
portant types in these series.
Three series OF glacial lake soils
are recognized. The dark-brown to
black soils are included in the Clyde
series, of which the clay loan and
clay are the most important members.
Where the light-colored beach and
delta soils are composed largely of
limestone they are classed as the
Belmore series, while those consisting
largely OF shales and sandstones are
mapped as the Dunkirk. In these two
series the Dunkirk sand and sandy
loan are the two most important
types.
The loess soils are found only in
the southwestern part of the State
and consist of two types, the Cincin-
natl silt loan and the Clermont silt
loan.
The river terraces. are divided into
glacial or gravel terraces and non
glacial terraces without gravel. The
gravel terraces may be further divided
into those composed largely of lime
stone FOX series) and those consist
ing chiefly of sandstone and shale
(Chenango series). The silt loans are
probably the most important types
in each case. The non-grave] terraces
are occupied by the Holston and
Tyler silt loans.
Ohio does not have large area of
soils, as the bottoms are
usually narrow. Four series of such
soils, the Wabash, Papakating, Hunt
ington, and Holly, are recogized. The
Wabash clay loan and Huntington
Silt loan are the most important
types.
Many small areas of Peat and Much
occur in the State. principally on the
divide between Lake Erie and the
Ohio River.
Texturally the soils of Ohio consist
of silt loans and clay
loans, sands and clays constituting
only small proportion.
Excepting the black soils, found
throughout the western half of the
State, but most extensively in the
northwestern, old lake bed section,
most of the soils are light colored and
rather low in organic matter.
In the eastern half of the State
both soil and subsoil are practically
everywhere deficient in lime carbon
ate, except the deeper subsoils of Vol
us ia clay loan and silty clay loam,
but in the western half most of the
suhsoils are we'll supplied with lime,
although it has been very largely
leached out of the surface soils and
upper subsoil. Often, even in the west
ern part, the application Of lime is
beneficial.
Some very striking relations exist
between the soils and the value of the
land, as may be seen by comparing
the soil and assessed land value maps.
Additional information regarding
oron, o,,itad 70 portinuIor cntlc Ia