The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-06-29

WIN ItiN titTS dlu the OIlItldtS Ol the
government and have gathered scraps
Of information from a score of
sources. The result leaves much to
b. desired. but it shows that a great
frli exists here for the ethnelogist
Of the present.
.attCattFeiy little is known abov.
O. -lu.n american Indians. Volumes
u.. -olUmes have been penned about
tHa so Susu - our continent. There
E Hhot 1tjaI1es IN Mexico and the
tH tnG tIe Indians of tho United
u,a.ro anu ,aitaua nave beer studied.
nation by nation and tribe by tribe
Severa, books have been written about
the luCaS and the other races of the
Andes and the west coast of South
America, but practically nothing ex-
cept tradition exists as to the great
Population that swarmed Over South
America AT the time the continent was
discovered. The records show that
when the white men first explored the
Country there were Indians scattered
here and there throughout the vast
territory east of the Andes. Many of
these were killed. some were enslaved
and not a few tribes were worked to
death by h Spaniards and are prac-
ucaily forgotten. Others kept their
bones in the wilds and they have to.
day almost the same customs and
habits Of life that they had in 1875
when Fernando Magellan sailed dOwr
the east coast of the continent.
As il Is now the estimates of thu
ndian left In South America VAR
widely. They range all the way from
several million to fifteen millions
Some put the Incas and Quichuas q
tour OF five millions, the Aymaras
who live on the highlands of Bolivi:
number more than q million ani
those Of Colombia and Ecuador ar
put down at from six hundred thou
sand to double hat number.
During my stay at La Paz I had
long chat with Hugo Wenburg, VIII
L. running an experimental farm upol
which he is trying to ~civilize tn
Aymaras. Mr.. Wenburg has travele'
over a great part of South Americ
as the agent of the American Bibl
Society and his work has been large
ly among the Indians of this part @
the world. He estimates the numbe
oil red men in Brazil, Bolivia, Para
quay and Peru at about five million
Another estimate puts the Indians
Brazil at 1900, 000,- those of Peru
100. 900. Bolivia $780, 900; Ecuado
1,000.00O: Colombia ESQ, 900; Chill
ENt6CAiNAAih, cV,VVV, l. Oh u 40
100000. The number of savages
Chlle Is more than 100, 900 and tn
includes the brave Araucanians foun
~ the southern part Of the shoestrin
republic. The Argentinian Indians IL
cluGe the Onas and Yaghans an
IehIelches and among them tribes
Indians whose average height is abo1
SIX feet and who are perhaps tt
'a'Irst and strongest of the red men.
Us to Paraguay. it is hard to te
"hrre he Indian end and the viii
mat begins. The country consists
uruguay proper. a territory that Ii
between the Paraguay and the Alt
i'rana rivers. having an area as lar
Is the state of Missouri, and of Il
'haco. a territory much larger, lyil
west of the river. The population
i~araguay proper is about SOC, 900 al
II Is made up of people who have
large percentage of Guarani blood
,helr veins. The common language
'ht country is Guarani and thOusan
speak 1t who do not know SPANS
rue best educated families use Gu