davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25

sale. These blood clots do not harm the
contents of the egg and the consumer
must be educated how to distinguish
these clots from so-Called spot or de-
veloping embryo.
Never Ship Small Eggs.--A large NUM-
her of small eggs are usually produced
in the fall when the pullets are Just
coming into maturity. One dozen good
eggs should weigh approximately twen-
ty-four ounces. Eggs which fall below
this weight are usually sold at corre-
spondingly low prices. Eggs which are
shipped to the market should be as near
uniform in size as possible, as many
large eggs placed with normal ones spoil
the appearance of the shipment. When
pullct eggs are produced in large num-
bers they should be shipped separately
and labeled distinctly, 'pullet eggs"
USE CARE IN PACKING.
Since markets discriminate as to the
uniformity of shipments, both AS to color
of shell and general appearance of the
egg. the eggs should be carefully graded
at home. After grading and packing the
cases should be carefully labeled accord
ing to the contents. when brown II
while shelled eggs or large and small
sggs are shipped in the same case, the
tag should be labeled so many dozen
white and so many dozen brown, or so
many dozen small and so many dozen
large. When getting these the receiver
will check up and make payment accord
ingly, whereas if the same eggs were not
graded but We're packed promiscuously
/ throughout the case a very low selling
! price would be received for the entire
lot.
Commission merchants tell us that one
OF the greatest losses in eggs is due TO
carelessness on the part of the producer
in packing them. Only good substantial
cases should be used, and in packing
great care should he used 10 properly
protect the contents against breakage,
A layer of excelsior should be placed at
the top and bottom of each case. Extra
large eggs should not be packed, as they
are apt to get broken and thus spoi.
the appearance of other eggs. Cracked
Eggs should never be packed. as they
are easily broken and leak before they
reach their destination.
The egg cases when filled should be
covered with two or three layers of new
papers and then securely nailed at the
end so as to leave the middle free to &C,
as a cushion to give spring TO the con
tents. Dirty eggs should never be ship
ped until they are carefully cleaned Will
a dry rag or brush. Water shoul neve1
be used. as 1t tends to open the pore.
of the eggs and cause more rapid de
t~erioration.
The duty of the egg farmer, then, is I
produce a clean, sanitary product. fire.
from undesirable features and then u
carefully grade and pack his eggs in
way that will insure their safe arriva
to the consumer, in "A neat and attrac
tive manner.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
STARTING THE HOT.BEDS
The Results Are Worth the Labor.

IIot-beds should be started early, and
the frames can be made or purchased; in
either case the price will be about the
same: SIS for a two-sash top frame and
double-glass sash. painted two coats.
Any one who is fond of working In the
garden will find the time and labor spent
in building brick or cement hot-bed pits
very well worth the while. A permanent
brick or cement frome should be three
feet deep. IN top of this wall is set
the sash-frame. which is about sixteen
inches high at the back, and eight inches
in front. and il will be wise to build the
frame large enough for two or three
sash. The bottom may be drained by
throwing in a slx-inch layer of broken
bricks, stone, and broken tile-pipe.
The heat for hot-beds is supplied by
the fermentation of horse manure. II
Is most important that the manure be
uniform in makeup and quality. that it
cone from well-fed horses. and that all
of it is practically of the same age.
such manure can best be had from livery
stables. or the material used, one-third,
or even one-half, may be straw or litter
used In bedding.
PREPARING THE MANURE.
Stack the manure in a long, shallow,
square-topped pile. not over four to five
feet high. and then allow 1t to -ferment.
This pile should be under shelter. if-pos-
sible. for, while the pile. for the best
results. should be moist, It should never
be very wet. At this time Of year fer
mentation starts slowly. but 1t may be
FASTENED by wetting a part Of the stack
with hot water, In order to have the
manure heat evenly, it must he turned
occasionally. and at tina sama Tina well
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25

about five cents. 1t is therefore. the duty
of The poultry farmer shipping eggs to
that market to cater to that special
trade.
TO INSURE GOOD QUALITY.
Practice sanitary production: Unsani-
tary methods in handling the poultry
flock mean tainted and impure eggs.
This faint may he due to filth, mould or
general unsanitary conditions. The poul-
try house should be kept free from un-
necessary filth. 1t should be well lighted
and ventilated. The d|roppings should be
removed frequently and the nests kept
filed with plenty of clean nesting ma
terial.
Plenty of nests should he provided so
that the birds will not crowd. and thus
break the eggs, and so that the eggs will
not he laid on the floor to become
broken and dirty. one nest should be
available for every four hens. The eggs
should be collected frequently. not less
than once n day. Care in production
means not only clean Eggs but a healthy
flock which Is capable Of greater pro-
duCtion.
Provide plenty of clean litter: clean
litter on tho floor of the house and clcar
nesting material are common requisites.
During the winter and early spring whcn
the ground outside is wet and muddy II
is the best practice to keep the birds
closely confined to the house. This is
especially true if commercial egg pro-
duction is the object, for by so doing
they are prevented from getting their
feet dirty which soils the litter, and
nesting material and hence the eggs.
Straw makes the best nesting material,
being always sweet and clean.
LOOK OUT FOR BLOOD SPOT" EGGS
Avoid the Shipping OF Eggs Contain
ing Blood Spots Eggs containing dark
spots are worthless for the trade. Thi.
may be due to a partially incubated
embryo. In which case such eggs are
termed spots or 1t may be due to ar
accumulation Of clotted blood caused by
an injury to the OVi-duct while the ege
was being formed. The first type OF
blood spot can be eliminated by produc.
ing i~nfertile eggs Such i~nfertile eggs
are always in greater demand. They
bring slightly higher prices. They car
be shipped long distances under undesir,
able conditions without danger of los.
in quality. Eggs should never be taker
from the incubator, although they ap
pear to be infertile, nor should they b,
taken from stolen nests and sold as fresl
eggs.
The second type Of blood spot, Otter
called a blood clot,~' may be presen
even when the greatest care Is exercised
and 1t may be present in infertile eggs
hence the only sure method to guaran
tee eggs against the presence of BLOOD
: clots Is to candle all eggs before the
, are shipped to the consumer. This worl
, Is done now by all large commission
: houses which nurchasn erns at whaln
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
OFFICIAL RECORD.
SENATE-MORNING.

Convened at 10 "A m, Lieutenant-Gov-
crlIor Darling presiding. Devotional eX-
crcises by Chaplain Farman.
PETITION RECEIVED UNDER BILL
OF RIGHTS.
Licutcnant-GoVernor Darling read a
petition signed by John Cook and l. others
Of Barre, presented to Senate according
to statutes under biN of rights ITO the
General Assembly of the state of YER
mont. Come the undersign. and respect
fully petition that YOU take some action,
either by the appointment of "A state
humane officer, or by specially deputiz-
! ing a sheriff or deputy sheriff in each
county of the State, or by some other
method that may seem advisable to the
assembly. To protect the animals Of the
state from cruelty and neglect, Signed
as stated above referred TO general
committee.
READ THIRD TINE AND ORDERED
TO LIE.
II. Is. relating to paying George w.
stone sum therein named. Senator smith
asked for more time to investigate the
matter.
READ THIRD TINE AND PASSED IN
CONCURRENCE WITH PROPOSAL.
OF AMENDMENT
and surgery.
PASSED IN CONCURRENCE.
II. l4o, relating to legal weight of maple
syrup.
II, 2io, relating to election or appoint
ment of town officers.
THIRD READING ORDERED.
;. 50. relating to appointment of H.
cense commissioners.
IL. 90, relating to bounties on bobcats.
Senator Chedel opposed as n needless ex-
pense. Senator Brown for the committee
favored because of the increase in bob
cats.
HOUSE BILLS REFERRED.
II. 49,, relating to attorney-generals Of
flee. To judiciary committee.
II. 1877, relating to informing officers. To
judiciary committee.
II. 225. relating to open season on wild
ducks. To committee on game and fish
cries.
THIRD READING ORDERED.
II. 3id. relating to fish and game laws
amending acts of 1912.
II. 3i7, relating to fish and game laws
amending codiication of fish and gam,
laws
BILL INTRODUCED,
$. 81, by committee on banks, provid
ing for appointment of national banks
20 positions Of trust same provisions Al
In a bill recently passed, relative to stat
hanks being trustee of estates of de
ceased persons
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25

beaten with n fork to break IN all tho
Jumps When the stack is heated evenly
it is ready for the hot-bcd. and this nroc-
ess will require two weeks, under ordi.
nary conditions. The pit being cmp,y.
lay an inch or two of some coarse ma.
terial, leaves or straw, over the bottom.
to keep the manure from sitting through
into the drainago-stones. On this throw
about eight inches of manure; then pack
it down with a fork. Another LAYER ia
then added, and likewise packed down.
and so ON, until there are about twenty
four inches of manure. After the ma
has warmed up again, it should he
tramped down thoroughly, espcciallv in
the corners
The bed is now ready for the soil.
which should be composed Of fine garden
loan. sand, and humus, made from a
compost of old. very short, and well-rot.
ted manurc, well worked over and beaten
about and broken up, then passed through
n gravel screen. Very few gardeners
will have such a ompost to draw upon.
so they must resort to a compost made
of dccomposed pasture sod. to which Is
added onc-third its bulk of rotten
manure. The thickness Of the soil should
average about six inches. If boxes of
seeds are used in the bed. three inches
will hc enough. When it rs am nri-hcd.
nut on the sash and leave IL t. Torment
and get warm. which will he accomplish .
ed in about three days. Next thrust a
soil thermometer into the bed. and note
the temperature. Ninety degrees is
suitable for heat-loving plants like toma-
.,o. ,,l b,+v.,,p giphtv Jour,,r o.i
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
by Louis Paul Graham.
Copyright, 1915.
Aylesbury Ducks.

Though one of the oldest known va.
rieties of domestic duck, Avlesbury ducks
are yet the favorite breed of England.
According to many writer's white ducks
have been known for centuries and there
seems to he no account of the origin OF
the Aylesbury. This has been and is the
leading market duck of England. al
though It has been entirely driven out
of America by the Pekin duck. English
epicures prefer white skin and light les
and beaks on all their table poultry, both
ducks and chickens. while American
tastes refuse these for table poultry, pre-
ferring yellow skin, bills and legs. For
marketing purposes the Aylesbury is
easily the best of English market ducks
on account Of its rapid growth and early
maturity. Like the Pekin. Aylesbury
ducklings can be produced in from seven
to nine weeks, Weighing from four to 51s
pounds. At this age and size they bring
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25

best prices and some sections Of Great
Britain are devoted entirely to this duck
rearing industry. Quickness of growth is
an important factor in respect to the
profit gained, as the young ducklings are
heavy feeders.
AS layers A~ylesburys are considered
second to the Pekin. many females lay
ing as many as $50 eggs in a year. 1t
Is important to the commercial duck
grower that these eggs he laid at the
right season and he fertile. For this rea-
son he matches his breeding ducks early
and mates a sufficient number of drakes
with his flock to insure fertility. Ayles-
bury breeding ducks require some range
and swimming water to obtain best re-
suits.
Mature Aylesbury brakes weight nine
to 10 pounds. ducks eight to nine pounds
and should have white plumagc. pale
flesh-colored bill, light yellow legs and
carry the body horizontally.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25

pre- Reasons for 1t, and the Too
Required.


We gave a few reasons for pruning
BIT week, to which must be added the
|~neficial effect which the pruning Of
pit trees has on the quality of the fruit.
Pr example, a k the peach, which bears
fruit upon the growth of the pre-
pus year. Here pruning is of great i'm
ftance, as it enables the gardener to
huce the crop to the capacity of the
he, To do this to the best advantage
luires a very experienced eye which
usually the result of a thorough knowl-
.ge of the habits Of this particular tree.
bother chief reason for pruning Is the
htrol Of disease. The only study Of
arblight. for instance" says the bureau
plant industry, has shown that this
tease is very generally communicated
bm plant to plant by insects, through
pollen, as they pass from blossom
blossom, or later in the season from
pot to shoot, 1t is also believed that
disease can be carried by tine wind
d that infection can taxi place while
v~egetative processes are active and
tissue be entered by the germs of
disease"
PRUNING TO CONTROL PEAR
BLIGHT.
he way in which pruning is of service
controlling pear-b!ight Is as follows
is the natural tendency of the pear
the apple while young to form
itlng spurs upon the body and larger
inches of the tree. These fruitina
lrs produce blossoms from year tt
ar, which are in turn as liza BILE TO bt
ited by bees or other insects carrying
destructive spores of the pear-bligh'
are the blossoms at the eXtremities o.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
HOW PLANTS LIVE.
How They Feed and What becomes of
the Food.

the Food.
Last wcol; was shown how plants were
ahlo to make starch for their sustenancc.
and the process OF Transportation was ex-
planned. To follow 40 the steps by which
Il plant gets its other elements of food
we must understand something about the
duties of It's roots. There are two prin-
cipl" functions which roots perform; they
steady the plant in the soil. and carry
the water absorbed by the root-hairs to
other parts of tho plant. The principal
roots are called primary. the smaller
branches secondary. Unlike stems. roots
don't branch regularly and nave neither
nodes nor %internodes to DISTINGUISH them
from UNDERGROUND stems. such as quack-
grass; roots increase in sirth as the plant
grows. but grow in loncth only from the
protected tip.
AN INTERESTING EXPERIMENT.
We have all pulled up weeds ana no.
ticed the fine little hair-lik" roots ON
them: il, is through these tiny hairs the
plant gets food from soil, and they are
always found near the tips Of feeding
roots. These r%ootlcts have power to
draw water from the soil ard with it
IEfAA-l''NA CNs' II 80 I'll'Tl'Al'I a. ~ Va
potash in solution dissolved in the wa
ter) An Interesting experiment illus-
|trating his work of halr-roots can he
made by taking n %sprouting bean and
suspending II 50 that the roots hang in
a vessel of water containing a very weak
solution of chloride Of potash, nitrate,
land phosphate of lime. sulphat" of iron
end sulphatc of m7encsia. Suspended
thus. tho plant will continue growing
Ito leaves turn green. and it may even
produce flowers ana fruit. As the en-
tremelv delicate cells at the growing point
of roots would he injured by harsh con-
tact with particles of earth, nature has
wisely protected them by a hin cap of
dead and dying cells. which fit on tho
end Of the root. and as tn" root grows
the little root-cop is pushed along IN
front.
The water and plant food taken in
through roots flows gradually up through
the tree, the stems. and leaves, where l@
water is cvaporated. while the food ole.
montS are carried to the growing parts ot
the tree and stored for future use. y
plant has no heart, arteries, o" veins. ant
50 the circulation Of fluid in this is mo-
the same as with animals. But there are
two principal movements of fluids il
outward, but never outside tho Camhlum
plants: one of water from the soil through
the root-hairs, roots. ana stems up t.
the leaf surfaces, and one from Thu
leaves to the growing parts and stOrag
tissues.
In many trees the upward current o
soil water is on the heart-Wood side o
the cambium layer; the downward cur
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
SHE

When YOU inspect - applicants for a
position as your nursery maid for a whole
morning, and then find yourself much in
the same position as You started, You
begin to feel tired.
Just so was Mrs. NeWrich. But No. -
seemed to know her business.
What was better still, she knew how to
make tea do" for six people without
using more than three teaspoonfuls.
Here was a capture.
And you understand children, you say ?
| nave four children said Mrs. New
rich,
oh, yes; | understand EN- all right,
and I'm bowed if I'll work wherever the
little varmints are, num-" came the
dlsheartening reply.-Answers.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
KNEW HIS

"George,'' she asked, as they round
ed the bend, lis your watch correct?'
Yes replied George. with a merry
laugh. TT is keeping better time
since ! put your picture inside the
case" 'Oh. you natterer, How could
that be-" well. YOU see when placed
your picture inside the case I added an
other iewel.'-BrooLlyn Clifton
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
SCARCITY OF BREAD
AND FINANCIAL
CRISIS IN PERU

Lima. Peru, Feb. 2l.-The government
has decided to import flour from the
United States and sell IT here At cost
price to reduce the cost of bread. IN an
effort to meet the present financial crisis
the nance minister is seeking to ar
range "A loan of II. T50,Go
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
FIVE CENTS PROVES 1T

A Generous Offer. Cut out this d, en-
close with o cents to Foley & Co.
Chicago, III. and they will send you our
trial packages of Foley's Honey and Tar
Compound for coughs. colds. Group,
bronchial and lagrlppe coughs; Foley
Kidney Pills and Foley Cathartic Tablets,
For sale in your town by j. w. O'Sulli-
van. (Adv)
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
Hundreds or health articles appear

Hundreds or health articles appear
in newspapers and magazines, and in
practically every one of them the i'm
p%ortance of keeping the bowels regu-
lar is emphasized. A constipated on
dition invites disease. A dependable
physic that acts without Inconvenience
or gripping is found in Foley Cathartic
Tablets. J. w. O'Sullivan.-(Adv)
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25

THE obligation Of the producer of mar
ft eggs is to produce a product of good
|Iality and to put it on the market in
fresh, neat and attractive manner. If
has performed this function it is up
! the distributor and the ultimate con-
inner to maintain this quality intact.
here are a great many kinds of eggs
hich the average wholesale market
f%cognizes. representing much variety in
iality and appearance. Nothing but
richly fresh eggs should. however. he
nsidered by the nearby producer. Eggs
hich have been held for some time in
lticipation of a higher price decrease
atcrially in quality and such Eggs are
ways sold at a loss.
The New FOR market recognizes two
fferent classes of eggs according to col
|. namely: those which have a brown
ell and those which have a white
ell. New York markets always give a
CHER quotation for white shelled eggs
an for brown shelled eggs, whereas in
pston the quotation is higher for brown
tgs and in some of the larger markets
ar large centers of consumption there
tlHS L We NJ discrimination IN favor
one over the other color. The follow
e table gives the Wholesale quotations
New York for the various trade grades
Eggs on the 10th day of December.
a:
NEARBY EGGS.
ate. Pennsylvania and nearby,
hennery whites, fine and fancy. 60 to G.
ate. Pennsylvania and nearby,
1ennery whites. defective in size
ma qualty.....,. ...,.. ..........S to Is
ate, Pennsylvania and nearby.
gathered whites, to size and
luallly ...........,.. ...............4O to 3
ate, Pennsylvania and nearby,
hennery brown a to
ate. Pennsylvania and nearby,
gathered brown and mixed coll
brs .............. 80 to 4
earby refrigerator whites .......4 to
MISCELLANEOUS GRADES.
Fesh gathered, extra fine. per
Fesh gathered. extra first ......41 to 4
resh gathered, frsts .............3S to 4
resh gathered, seconds ............S2 to
fesh gathered, thirds and poor
1 '''''''''''''''. .'.'...........23 TO 3
resh gathered. number 1, dirties
nomlnaD ......'...... .............24 to
-esh gathered, number 2, dirties
md poorer ............. ..........o % to Q
Fesh gathered, checks, good to
prime dry ............ ............. to 2
Fesh gathered, checks, under
rro6a 49, n
frdue '.''''''''''.''. ,,............l4 to :
III refrigerator. finest ........... q to 3
III refrigerator, poor to good... % to Q
Pfrigerator, early packed. special
marks fancy, fixed charges paid 2i5 to 9
tfrigerator, first, charges paid 23.5 to 9
efrigerator, second. charges
efrigerator, under grades .......l5 to
Pfr%igerator. checks. prime ...... 16 to
n recognition of the prices which ar
cred for a special product. as show
owe. it becomes the duty of the pou
keeper to produce eggs OF a kind an
atty which the market demands. TIL
especially true if the price for sue
product makes it worth While and
ually does. For example. In New Yor
E buyer pays a premium for viii
elled eggs over brown Of from thr,
Is cents per dozen. the average beir
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25
Copyright, 1915.

II the producer of market eggs wants
steady market and good prices for his
Egs he must see that they are of high
liality and meet the demands Of the
frticular market he is shipping to.
The quality depends upon the care en-
tcised in the chicken house, keeping the
bultry well fed and healthy. and also
BON the inspection Of every egg before
Is pasked. Catering to "A particular
(arket is merely Il matter of selecting
be color or kind of eggs preferred by
bat market. The following article is
(ghly instructive.