South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-08-04
sort to Arms.

Monaco and San Marino. which have popula-
tons of less than 20,O0O).
1t may be suggested that admission should
be refused to any State GJ which does not, in
fact, enter regularly into foreign relations
With more than other State; (ii) Of
which the foreign relations are under the con
troll of another State: or (iii) of which the
population is less than 100000. The adoption
of these rules would probably exclude all but
two or three of the aforementioned outstand
ing States.
Covenant Against Aggression.
g. II is fundamental principle of the Arti
cles that the Constituent States severally dis
claim all desire or intention of aggression
any other independent sovereign State or
States, and that they agree and bind them
selves, under all circumstances, and without
any evasion or qualification whatever, never
to pursue, beyond the stage of courteous rep
resentation, any claim complaint that any
of them may have against any other Constit-
uent State, without first submitting such
claim or complaint either to the international
High Court for adjudication and decision,
to the International Council for examination
and report, with view to arriving at set
Element acceptable to both parties.
Resource.
4. The Constituent States expressly bind
themselves severally under no circumstances
to address to any Constituent State ulti-
matum or threat Of military or naval opera
tions in the nature of war. or of any act Of
aggression; and under no circumstances to
declare war or begin military or naval opera
lions of the nature Of war, or violate the ter
ritory or attack the ships Of another State,
otherwise than by way of repelling and de-
Nv mad
military CT naval force, until the matter in
dispute has been submitted as aforesaid to
the International High Court or 10 the Inter
national Council, and until after the eXpira-
ton of one year from the date OF such sub
mission.
On the other hand no Constituent State
shall after submission of the matter at issue
to the international Council and after the ex-
piration of the specified time, be precluded
from taking any action, event 10 the point or
going to war in defence of its own honor or
interests as regards any issues which are not
iusticiable within the definition laid down by
these Articles, and which affect either its in
dependent sovereignty or its territorial IN
tegrity. or require any change in its internal
laws and with regard to which no settlement
acceptable to itself has been arrived at
The international Council.
5. The International Council shall be con-
tinuously existing deliberative and legislative
body composed of representatives of the Con-
stituent States, to be appointed In such man.
ner, for such periods and under such cOndi-
tons as may in each case from time to time
be determined by the several States.
Each of the eight Great Powers, viz, Aus
tria-Hungary, the British Empire, France, Ger
many Italy Japan. Russia and the United
State OF America, may appoint five represen'
tatives. Each of the other Constituent States
may appoint two representatives.
Different sittings of the Council
6. The International Council shall sit either
as a council of all the Constituent States
hereinafter called the Council sitting as a
whole, or as the Council Of the eight Great
Powers or as the Council of the States other
than the eight Great Powers, each sucn STU
ting being restricted to the representatives
of the States thus indicated.
There shall stand referred to the Council
of the eight Great Powers any question aris-
ing between any two or more OF such POWERS
and also any other question in which any OF
such Powers formally claims TO be concerned,
and requests to have referred.
There shall also stand referred TO the COun-
ell of the eight Great Powers. for considera-
tion and ratification, or for reference back n
order that they may be reconsidered the pro-
ceedngs of the Council for America, the Coun-
ell for Europe and the Council for the States
other than the eight Great Powers.
There shall stand referred to the Council
for Europe any question arising between two
tr more independent sovereign States of Eu
rope. and not directly affecting any lndepend-
ent sovereign State not represented in that
Council, provided that none Of the independ-
ent sovereign States not so represented for
mally claims TO be concerned in such ques-
ton and provided that none of the eight
Great Powers formally claims TO have 1t re-
ferred TO the Council of the eight Great Pow
ers or to the Council sitting as a whole.
There shall stand referred TO the Council
for America any question arising between two
or more independent sovereign States or
America. not directly affecting any independ-
ent sovereign State not represented IN that
Council, provided that none OF the independ-
ent sovereign States not so represented for
mally claims TO be concerned IN such ques-
ton and provided that none Of the eight
Great Powers formally claims TO have II re-
ferred to the Council Of the eight Great Pow
ers or 10 the Council sitting as a whole.
There shall stand referred TO the Council
for the States other thar the eight Great Pow
ars any question between two or more OF such
States not directly affecting any Of the eight
Great Powers and which none of the eight
Great Powers formally claims TO have re
ferred 20 the Council sitting as a whole
The Council shall sit whole for
(a) General legislation and any question
not standing referred 10 the Council OF the
eight Great Powers. the Council Of the States
other than the eight Great Powers, the Coun-
ell for Europe O. the Council for America re-
-ncctiVely.