davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

HNHAT W a 8 h n 6 on society is
charming Is a frequently accept
q ed ultimatum, but Nine. Zaldivar
declares it's members to be also 80
very kind" AS the wife of the minis
ter from Salvador she has become a
part of the cosmopolitan capital. 1t
is in the American people, however.
that Nine. Zaldivar is most inter-
ested. She says Of them: THE Ameri-
cans are SO charming and very clever
I think their funny stories are made
doubly humorous by their character
istic accent"
That Nine. Zaldivar, coming, as she
does, from the Spanish-speaking coun-
try of Salvador, should be so appre-
ciative of the American accent is
rather astonishing until one learns
that she herself is English. Although
her home was in London, she was edu-
Gated almost entirely in Paris. SO that
the life of both great capitals is very
familiar to her. Before coming to-
Washington, Nine. Zaldlvar spent just
two years in Salvador. 1t was her
first journey to the west. and she
found the country and it's people eX-
tremely interesting.
The women of Salvador are de-
lightful,, very, pretty and beautifully
ever, instead of being frivolous. as is
frequently considered to be true of the
women of southern countries, one finds
them serious and interested in matters
of public welfare. Although the lower
class of people in Salvador are native
Indians, the more Intelligent and upper
classes are of Spanish descent. These
latter are remarkably well Travelled
and possess very modern ideas. I had
unconsciously thought of it as coun-
try of mantillas and Spanish costumes.
but at the first ball l attended there
were as many Paris frocks as any
where in London, or even Paris itself.
climate eXtremalv
warm at certain seasons and is the
only Objectionable feature of the coun-
try" continued Nine. Zaldivar. I'm
spite Of the inertia which is said to
exist in the tropics. the people of Sal
vador are very Industrious. The edu-
cation of children is matter of great
Importance to them and the schools
are excellent Out-of-door camps are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17
She Looks Forward to Local Season

being established for the girls and
boys"
The idea of a girls out-of-door camp
Is one which appeals to Nine. Zaldivar
very strongly. She has had a share in
furthering the movement in London
as well as in Salvador.
In England I think the movement es-
pecially advantageous" she declared.
The girls of the poorer classes there
have SO little opportunity for fresh
air, wholesome food and companion
ship that a summer camp is ideal"
Although Nine. Zaldivar is interested
in all such movements for girls and
women, she is not so vitality concerned
with the question of suffrage. She was
rather amused when the topic was
mentioned, for. perhaps, she has found
Americans who have unconsciously
classed all Englishwomen as in some
degree militant She decidedly believes
in woman suffrage. however. though
not approving the more strenuous
means used to obtain it. In Americans.
is greatly interested.
Nine. Zaldivar is still able to antici-
pate the novelty of her first winter
season in Washington, for she has been
eral years, however, she has known the
life of diplomatic circles. Her sister
married a prince of Rumania. Nine
Zaldivar speaks with graciousness of
manner and purity of accent that many
Americans envy in the English people
Her coloring, too, is of the beautiful
type possessed by Englishwomen
In addition to her plans for the COM
ing social season Nine. Zaldivar is care
fully making arrangements for the
schooling of her husbands two chill
dren. She is most anxious that it be
in every way. AS Span
t. ha lay, Nf
country she herself has been studying
very earnestly. She speaks French
fuently. but finds her Spanish keeps
her well occupied. She is greatly in
terested, however, in the English
in Washington. OF the people she has
met In the capital she says: They are
charming, and so very kind
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

Five hundred volunteer cavalry gath.
cred at Fredericksburg ready to take
up the march to the state capital. The
big men of the revolutionary movement
in Virginia restrained this popular i'm
pulse. A committee of the authorities
of the colony waited on Dunmore, pre-
scented a strong remonstrance and re-
ceived from him an evasive reply that
the powder was removed because of a
threatened slave uprising in Surry
county, and that it would be back in
the powder horn when needed for
legitimate purposes. The conflict be-
tween the Virginia revolutionists and
Dunmore, Virginias last British gov
ernor, makes a long. but thoroughly
interesting story.
After the powder incident had been
closed, or superseded in public interest
by other incidents, it was found that
Dunmore had had buried in the pow
der horn some powder which would be
set off by spring-gun II the horn
were entered. The revolutionary spirit,
or the spirit of independence growing
hot in Williamsburg, some rash and
perhaps Incorporate patriots broke
into the horn for the purpose of OBJ
tanning arms and were injured by the
explosion set off by the spring-gun.
This stirred new clamor against Dun
more. and not long after this he fed
the colony. escaping from Williams
burg to the British warship Fowey,
which was lying at Yorktown, about
twelve miles away.
Among the many relics in the powder
horn is a gravestone inscribed Here
Ives the Body of Mrs. Betsy Harris.
who died April /. 1921 Aged SO. Erect
ed by her daughter. Catharine Harris"
The Rambler did not learn the history
of this stone
Between the courthouse and Bruton
Church is Confederate monument
Erected by the Daughters of the Con-
federacy and the Citizens of Williams
burg and of James City county" The
inscription is "1S61-1S65-To the Con-
federate Soldiers and Sailors of Will
liamsburg and James City County.
Lord God of Hosts Be With us yet,
Lest We Forget! Lest We Forget."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17
CONTINUED from Sixth Page)

from all over the world will visit
them, assuring large incomes to
Stewards people; and, naturally, they
are very ready to do all they can to
forward this movement. Every licensed
guide should be warden. and his in
tegrity should be unquestioned
ITO the fisherman Seward and her
surroundings can offer all the excite
men and sport which the heart could
desire. The beautiful streams and
lakes TEEN the year around with cut
throat, Dolly Warden and rainbow
trout, while during the summer months
and early fall some of the streams
abound in red and other varieties OF
salmon, and while not to be hooked.
they have inestimable value as food.
Seward Is named for William H
Seward, former Secretary of State, the
man whose great wisdom and fore
sibhtedness in 1857 made possible the
purchase of vast territory. whose
value, even today. is hard to estimate
And II is singularly appropriate that
this frontier town, named for THIS
honored statesman. should be the city
to have the first real railway terminal
of Alaska's first great railroad.
The railroad. though necessary. Is
with this beginning there will be rapid
advancement; and we should give all
honor to those men who have been far
seeing enough to follow along the lines
of progress and to once and for all
time disprove Alaska's right to be ever
again called Stewards Folly"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

ments, save only that the intercolonna-
tions are too large. The upper is ionic,
much too small for that on which it is
mounted, it's ornaments not proper to
the order, nor proportioned within
themselves. 1t is crowned with a pedi-
ment, which is too high for its span.
Yet, on the whole, it is the most pleas
ing piece of architecture we have"
X
When you enter Williamsburg you
feel that the town does not look as old
as it is. There are many new houses.
The atmosphere of the place is very
quiet but prosperous. There Is absence
of that dilapidation, mold and decay
which SO often obtrude themselves
upon ones notice in those historic
towns, which are historic and nothing
poor towns which have a
respectable and interesting past, a de-
jected present and future without
hope.
AS you step from the Capitol Square
with its glorious and mighty memories
you come upon landmark after land
mark. And among these landmarks of
which the Rambler means to write, but
not all in the same ramble, are: Bruton
Church, it's graves and relics, the Pal
ace Green and the site of the palace or
the governors house; the powder
horn, or the magazine and arsenal.
built in 1714: the courthouse, built in
1910; the home of George Wythe, Au-
drey's house, the debtors prison, the
Raleigh tavern, the site of the first
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

provided that a government house
should be erected. Gov. Francis Mich.
olson, who served from 1890 to 1892
and again from 1898 to 1905, applied
to this projected structure the title of
the capitol and Robert Beverley, the
historian, has written that this was
the first use of the word capitol in
America.
Lyon Gardiner Tyler, president of the
College of William and Mary. and
which stands one mile from the Capt.
toll Square at the other end of Duke
of Gloucester street, in his elaborate
lonial Capital" gives the following de-
scrfption of the capitol:
-Four hundred and seventy-fve feet
square of land, already surveyed. was
to be for its use. The new structure was
to consist of two buildings seventy-f1ve
feet long from inside to outside, lying
perpendicularly to Duke of Gloucester
street. These buildings were to be con-
nected by a gallery. so as to form a
figure like the letter H. Each building
was to be two stories high; to be sur
mounted by hip roof, shingled with
cypress and having dormer windows;
and one end of each building was to be
made semi-circular.
"a portion of each ground floor.
twenty-five feet in length, was to be
cut off and made into four compart-
ments, one of which was to be occupied
by grand staircase to the story above.
This left in each building a room fifty
feet long, at each circular end. which
was to be covered with fagstone. The
space in the second story Of each build
ing was to be divided into rooms ac-
cording to the discretion Of the COM
mittee in charge.
THE width of each part of the capitol
was ordered to be twenty-five feet from
inside to inside. The approach to each
building was to be by a circular porch
fifteen feet wide. having an iron pal
cony overhead, supported by cedar col
umns. The grand folding doors, SIX
feet in width, opened upon these
porches and afforded an entrance into
the respective buildings.
1.-The first story was to be fifteen-foot
pitch and the second story ten-foot
pitch. The entrance doors and the win
dows of the first story were to be arch
of the capitol, was to be thirty feet
long and twenty-five feet each way.
raised upon piazzas ana built as mgr.
as the other parts. Over the middle OF
the gallery was ordered cupola, to
reach above the rest of the building.
On it was to be clock, and upon the
top was to float, upon proper occasions.
the Union Jack of Great Britain.
THE whole was to be brick, the foun-
dations up to or near the surface of the
ground, four bricks thick; thence to the
water table, three bricks and a half
thick: thence to the top of the first
story, three bricks thick, and thence to
the top of the second story two and a
half bricks thick.
"The building of the capitol was
placed in the hands of the committee
which had been appointed to make a
revision of the laws of the colony, and
pursuant to this authority they met,
July I, 1901, and appointed Mr.. Henry
Cary as manager, at a salary of 100
pounds sterling year. and authorized
Mr.. John Tullitt of James City county
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

IL was the Stealthy removal or about
twenty barrels of gunpowder from this
magazine by Gov. Dunmore, on receipt
of the news of the battle OF Lexington.
that called forth the first display of
armed force on the part of the Virgin
ians against the authority of Great
Britain. in the American revolution
Dunmore had the powder conveyed to
the armed schooner Magdalene. lying
at Burwell's wharf, in the James river.
about five miles distant.
The removal of the powder from the
Williamsburg powder horn was one of
the incidents leading to the rupture
with England. Virginia was already in
he could to have the civil officers OF
the colony prevent the appointment of
deputies to the Continental Congress
at Philadelphia.
The militia of the colony was being
organized by virtue of the resolution
of Patrick Henry. which had been
adopted by the second Virginia conven-
ton at Richmond. 1t was in support
of his militia resolution that Henry
said:
rs life so dear or peace so sweet as
to be purchased at the price of chains
and slavery? Forbid it. Almighty God.
/ know not what course others may
take, but as for me. give me liberty, or
give me death"
Militia companies had been organized
in Williamsburg, Fredericksburg. and
in Charles City. New Kent, King Will
liam and perhaps all the other counties
in the state. Dunmore did not want
this powder. which was the property
of the colony. to come into possession
Of the colonial militia. When the re-
moval of the powder became known
there was an immediate movement to
seize Dunmore in the palace" or Gov.
ernors House, at Williamsburg. Militia
began to assemble.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

to make 100000 bricks at 20 shillings
a thousand"
+ X
Though the building was not COM
pleted until about 1904, its use was
entered upon in 1902. Fire broke out
in the caves of the capitol in 1746. and
the structure was destroyed, though
the records contained in the various
offices were saved. There was strong
movement looking to the establishment
of the colonial capital on the Pamun-
key river on the lands of Richard Lit
tlepage. and the house of burgesses
voted for the project, but the govern
or's council refused to approve the
measure.
The matter went over. Smallpox
colony, but, not reaching Williams
burg. the healthfulness of the old loca-
ton was used as a telling argument
against the removal of the capital, and
April !. 1851. John Blair, auditor gem
eral of Virginia from 1882 to It'll, and
one of George Washingtons appointees
as justice of the United States Su-
preme Court, laid a foundation brick of
the restored capitol.
The building served as Virginia's Cap
itol till 1880, in which year the seat of
government was removed to Richmond.
The building was afterward used by
George Wythe. the patriot, professor
of law in William and Mary College,
and later chancellor of the college. as
place for holding moot courts and
moot legislative sessions for the prac-
tical training of his students Later,
the building was occupied by the state
and federal district courts. By an act
half the old capitol was torn down and
the material sold to help pay the charge
of the up-keep Of the portion to be pre-
served.
X
The remaining par. Of the capitol
was destroyed by fire in 1882. The brick
in the blackened walls, or a large part
of them, were used in 1910 in the con-
struction of a building for a female
academy. which was discontinued dur
ing the civil war. The academy build
ing stood on the Capitol Square. The
property came into possession of land
company, which pulled down the acad-
envy building and made other use of the
bricks.
The company presented the site to the
Association for the Preservation of
Virginia Antiquities and through the
fundamentally Of this patriotic society
barred and preserved and the marker
erected There has been of late years
a good deal of talk as to the feasibility
of restoring the ancient and classic
StalehOuse ana Oh using the restored
building as museum for colonial
relics. The project will probably be car
ried out.
glimpse of Williamsburg may be
had from Jefferson's comments on Will
liamsburg. He wrote: The only
public buildings in the colony worthy
of mention are the capitol, the palace,
the college and the hospital for luna
tics, all of them in Williamsburg, here
tofore the seat of our government. The
capitol is light and airy structure.
with a portico in front of two orders,
the lower of which, being doric. Is toll
erably just in its proportions and orna-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

emit president, Lyon Gardiner Tyler. is
can colleges and in actual operation
a college for Virginia having been
before the pilgrims landed at Plymouth
Rock"
X X
Williamsburg is close upon a CEN
fury older than it's name. Before 1t
came to be the seat of government of
Virginia. after the loss by fire Of the
last statehouse at Jamestown, which
was in October, 1898, the place had
prospered under the name of Middle
Plantation. When Middle Plantation
was decided on as the seat of govern
ment. a new town was surveyed and
plated, and, in honor of King Will
liam, it was named Williamsburg.
Middle Plantation goes back to about
1882.
Before that palisaded settlement
had been started at the entrance OF
Kings creek to the York river. The
Indian question was then the para
mount question, and in gaining and
holding control of land. forcing back
the savages and as a measure of pro-
lection against their attacks it was de-
termined to pale" the peninsula-that
is, to run palisade or a stockade or
tight fence or tree-trunk timbers set
upright in the earth across the penin-
sula.
The peninsula between the York and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

the low ridge and flows into the James.
Across this neck of land was built a
palisade. That was in 1882. The pro-
lection of this line encouraged a few
men to patent lands behind it, and
even outside the pale" though close
upon it. The settlement coming into
being at this point was called Middle
Plantation, being a plantation midway
between the James and the York.
The first man to patent land there
was Dr. John Pott. Tyler in his "Old
Colonial Capital writes of this man:
Or. John Pott, who received the first
patent for land at Middle Plantation,
was a skillful physician, and doubtless
recognized the sanitary advantages of
the country around. AS the ridge be-
tween the creeks was remarkably well
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

these pioneers preserved are those of
Lieut.. Richard Popeley, Capt. Robert
Higginson. John Clark, Edward Wyatt.
George Wyatt, Stephen Hamlin. George
Lake. Henry Tyler. ancestor Of Presi-
dent Tyler, and Richard Kempe. Most
of these men were prominent in the
jamestown colony. Kempe was the sec
rotary of state; the Watts were sons
of the Rev. Hawte Wyatt, then minister
at Jamestown; Higginson was the son
of Thomas Higginson, a rich English
man, and John Clark was the nephew
of Sir John Clark of Wrotham, Kent,
England.
These patents, of parts of them, in
the Middle Plantation passed to heirs
ortpurchasers, and some of the names
of the mid-seventeenth century dwell
Brooke. Nicholas Brooke (senior and
junior, Samuel Fem, Peter Efford.
Ohio Thorpe, Col. John Page and
James Bray.
It was at Middle Plantation that
Bacon met with the leading men of the
colony, and of this convention the presi-
dent of William and Mary College has
written: Under the inspiration Of his
presence resolutions were adopted
breathing the love of liberty which
characterized the work of the patriots
The people pledged themselves to re-
sist Sir William Berkeley to the utmost
and even to oppose any force sent out
from England"
William Drummond, one of Bacon's
followers, and who had been governor
of North Carolina and sheriff and bur-
CESS for James City county. was
hanged under orders of Berkeley at
DInp tafi 20 ffcfo q
also hanged at Middle Plantation for
having been connected with the Bacon
rebellion. The memorable meeting be-
tween Col. and Gov. Herbert Jeffryes
and the queen of the Pamunkey In
dams, the queen of the Weyanoke In
dams and the king of the Nottoways
and the king of the Nansemonds was
held at Middle Plantation in 1877.
Repeated fires at jamestown. the low
ness of the situation, the growth OF
population inland and other causes de-
termined the Virginians upon a re-
after discussion and competition by the
advocates of many situations Middle
Plantation was chosen, and Theodore
Bland, acting under the direct orders of
Gov. Francis Nicholson, made survey
and ran the principal street. Duke of
Gloucester, along the course of the
original trail and horse path on the
ridge, but requiring the removal of
some of the houses of the earlier set
tiers
The main street. or Gloucester. is
ninety-nine feet wide and seven
eighths of a mile long. The streets
running in the same direction as the
main street-east and west-are Fran
els, and Nicholson commemorative of
the governor). Ireland street. France
street, Prince George street, and Scot
st and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17
British Casualties.

A CCoRDING to recent report made
~ by the undersecretary for war of
Great Britain. the total casualties for
the first year of the war up to Au-
gust ~ were 3s1.9S2. OF this number
1881 were killed or died of wounds.
including 1866 officers. The total num-
Der of wounded was 25i.o5s. and of
this number 1912 were officers. There
are 54.967 troops classed as missing.
which figure includes 1901 officers,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

drained. there were few mosquitoes and
but little malaria, and the deep ravine
penetrating from the north and south
made the place of much strategic value.
The only possible road down the PENN
sula is over this ridge and this road is
easily defended Not much is known
of the early years of the settlement be-
yonu the fact that it was kept walled
in with strong palisades and served as
a place of refuge from Indian attack.
Following DR.. Pott were otaer land
patentees, and among the names of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

theater in the United States, the home
of the first Masonic Grand Lodge or
ganized In Virginia; the home of John
Blair, Peyton Randolph, Sir John Ran
dolph and his nephew Edmund; the site
of the cambridge home, the girlhood
became Mrs. George Washington: the
site of the Office of publication of the
first newspaper in Virginia; the hos
pital for the insane, which dates back
to 1856, and the College of William
and Mary, which, according to it's pres
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

the James. as everybody knows, is
narrow. the ridge or backbone of it
being up along the middle. whence ran
the first Indian trail. then the first
white mans horse path, then the stage
road and later a railroad. At one
point the peninsula is very narrow--a
mile or two miles. according to the
direction of measurement
Queens creek springs near the back
bone and flows to the York, and
Archer'S Hope, now called College
creek, starts on the opposite side of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-17

henry street. Nassau. Palace street.
England street, Queen street. Botetourt
street. Waller street and Paige street.
These streets and the names of the
property holders on them may be seen
on a map of Williamsburg made about
1890 and which Is preserved in the Ii
brary of the college OF William and
Mary
A few squares from the capitol site
and a few yards of the main street Is
an octagonal brick structure known for
two centuries as the Powder Horn. 1t
Is fifty feet high and its outside wall
measures los feet around. The walls
are twenty-five inches thick. 1t was
provided for by an act of the house OF
burgesses in 1714 and built from plans
as a magazine. Powder shot and arms
were stored there. Once 1t was sur
rounded by a high outer wall of brick
but that has disappeared
The flooring Is of stone and in OPEN
fngs in the walls have been placed
stained-g glass memorial windows to
Nathaniel Bacon the Younger, called
THE Rebel and to Gov Spotswood.
Since 1t ceased to be powder horn"
1t has been used at different times as
a market house, school, Baptist church.
dance hall. Confederate arsenal and a
table. The brick outside wall was
used by the first Baptist congregation
of Williamsburg as the foundation for
Its church, which stands next to the
Powder Horn.
The Association for the Preservation
of Virginia Antiquities bought the
Powder Horn in 1890 and converted it
Into a museum.