East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1915-01-09


sloprce sii very fertile: FOR he mort
part being clothed with beautiful for
ests.
The Dardanelles guard the ap.
preach TO Constantinople from the
Mediterranean. as the Bosporus
Sea. They were first fortified by two
castles. o,e on either shore. in the
path OF Xerzes and Alexander, built
by Monamned IL in l462. These
have been often remodeled. During
tile last century. with Turkish power
on the wane, and the Turk himself
apparently FoQuiescent. the remodel
ing and extending OF the old fortifi-
calicns was brought about by French.
Enslish and German prodding, as
temporary.
Most OF old Poland which surviv-
es. In race and in political conscious
ness. in typical culture and in folk
character. survives in the Austrian
troSnand OF Galicia. Under the
more stei My repressive rule OF Rus
sian and German overlordship, the
Poles in Russia and Germany have
beer driven little by little from their
stronghold OF national feeling. They
are becoming half-hearted Russians
end Germans. for Russia and Ger
many have done all in their power to
assim,late the well-nigh unassimila-
lie Pole. In Galicia, however. with
a constitution OF their own. under
perplexed and lenient central govern
ment. a consciousness OF old Poland
re mains, and has grown in intensity
in recent mes.
Hemmed in by Russia on the north
and east ty the suspicious border
patrol. naturally cut off from Hun
gary On the south and southwest by
the carpa;hans. barely touching its
scvc-'sn Austria. on the west, tn
GaliCian Fcle has been left TO HIM /
self. to the slngle-handed solution Of
his own difficulties. political. econo'
mic and administrative. With little
to FRO, him into violent industrial
exertion. he has continued the pas.
into the present, with its quaint Gus
toms. its devotion to agriculture, and
its poverty. s;riken idealism.
Galicla slopes away from the Car
pathians 10 meet the boundless Rus
sian plain On the north. It's south
ern up!ands ire devoted largely to
grazing grounds for horses, cattle
and sheep. In the middle lands, GER
ea's and sugar teets are grown. rhe
crown land is sparsely populated and
IN many parts It's lands are ve-v fti-
tile. so that more than enough br sdG-
stuffs. iccat and oiner products ;e
raised for home consumption. per-
mitting the 6xror'ation Of cereals
and meat T-tducts in considerable
{ mounts. mainly tc Germany.
Galicla is o'sLd. ancient POali
and. Ike the Futledland OF old lts
masses are m'seIahly poor. while its
classes are vc:v rich. one-thir1 II
its tillahle lands are held by great
owners in estates OF more than 1.io0
acres. and cne-aalt are held II
h'.rks OF fourteen or less. Gali,ia
: agricultural. l. has little mineral
we alth and les. industry Much of
It's 3iO.221 square miles are morass.
sand or forest lend. and all else Is
given over to tHiming True, in the
are found the richest I'll
fields in Europe. end good zinc mines
and rcck salt puarrles are worked.
still. its minerals wealth has small
The forests. which ere
estimated n cover one-quarter OF :he
whole surface OF Galicia, contribute
In a large ,umA"r trade with Ger
many
MIST n US inr'.U'; cturej art. lc'
are the products Of home inT"'t" Z
though there j. lCt inning OF a :ex- :
tie industry and It's oil refiners are
About II per cent OF "
people depend direct upon tn = stC
rhev are rostly llliterate. small
-arners ard day Ia orers. who "as4
he severe winters at home and regu-
arlv leave their wives TO work the :
arm in summer while they exc out :
,are livelihoods by taking seedtime
md harvest service upon the German
-orms across their western border
GaIicia is partially self-governing' !
he Vienna government interfering
,ut little in Polish affairs. Some le4
are sent by the people
O the Galician Diet at Lemberg. While
he crownland is represented In the
Austrian Lower House by seventy 5
light delegates. a delegation that gen.
rally holds solldly together for the
OF the Polish people. IN
,rmal times the population Of Call
- ,,,ra t1,ov = 900 600