Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-08-01

before the Russian army. slower t
mobilize. was able to present n Sc
rious menace. and then to turn on Rus
sia. The fierce resistance of Belgium
and the unexpectedly quick mobiliza
tion OF both the French and Russian
armies prevented the full fruition O.
this plan. Nevertheless. Germany ha.
been able to hold her own on both thu
eastern and western fronts.
! In reality, tho struggle Of the clever
nations Is divided into a number OF
separate wars. related to each other IT
only n general way. The whole aeld
OF military operations may be sum
married as follows
| In France and Belgium Germany is
battling with Great Britain. France
and Belgium. In August Germany in
vaded Belgium and France, pushing
| southwark almost to the gates of Paris
| Following the battle of the Marine. per-
! haps the most important contest OF the
war thus far, the Germans were com
PEELED to retreat, and have since held
an intrcnched line from tho Belgian
| coast to Alsace. retaining possession OF
| Northwestern France and most of Bel
GUM. In this theater the war has been
| so even that the capture of q group OF
houses or n few yards of trenches has
| been considered n victory worthy OF
mention in the official reports. The
German attempt 20 break through to
the English Channel the British vic
tory at Neuve Chapelle. the German
| triumph at Scissors, while calling forth
supreme efforts. did not materially
q ha a1af ~ ha
antagonists along the front of nearly
800 miles.
On the eastern front Russia faces
Germany and Austria Hungary. Rus
sian armies invaded Galicia and Buko-
wilma, capturing most OF the former
province, but lost the greater part of
this territory as a result CT Field Mar
shal Won Mackensen's great drive from
Cracow. The Germans invaded Rus
sian Poland, and their attempts TO cap
ture Warsaw led to some of the dead
Hest fighting of the war. In time the
struggle here settled down TO trench
warfare. much rs in the west, with
Germany retaining n large part of Rus
sian Poland Russian invasions of East
Prussia resulted in disastrous defeats
Further north the Germans swept into
the Baltic provinces of Russia, cap
turing Libau, on the sea. The unpre-
cedented extension of battle lines which
this war has witnessed reached its most
remarkable exemplifcation in this cam
paign. in which the front has been
drawn out moro than COO miles, from
the Baltic to Bukowina
Italy, after ten months OF uncer
tainty. began war with Austria-Hun-
gary in May, and has occupied fringe
of Austrian territory in tho mountain
Gus region TO the north Trent and
Trieste are the detectives of the Ital-
ian campaign. Owing to the difficult
nature of the ground. neither Of the
antagonists has made much Roadway
CONsTANTINOPLE STAKE
FOR WHICH FIGHT RACES
On the Gallipoli Peninsula, in the
Dardanelles and in the Bosporus Tur
key, aided by her Teutonic allies. is
at war with France, Great Britain and
Russia with possession Of Constantine
pie as the great stake. Following the
failure of the naval assault on the Oar
danelles by an Anglo-French fleet.
troops were landed on the peninsula.
Few details OF this campaign arc avail
able and little Is known beyond the
tact that the lighting has boon pnr-
tlcularly severe and that the allies
nave occupied and retained the tin of
the peninsula.
Serbia and Montenegro, the former
assisted by British troops. are at war
with Austria Hungary. The Austrian
invasion OF Serbia ended in failure. On
the Montenegrin front there has been
only desultory fighting Both Serbia
and Montenegro have recently invaded
Albania. with the object of obtaining
ports on the sea
On Asiatic soil Russia is at war with
turkey IN the Black Sea region. Neither
side has employed large numbers OF
troops In this campaign There has
pecn hghting in the Caucasus and Per-
STA, With no great accomplishments.
furthcr south. In Mesopotamia, there
mas hccn sporadic fighting between
turkish and British troops. Turkey
sent AN army 10 attack the Suez Canal,
but the main body Of troops failed to
reach its objective
In Africa. French and British troops
occupied TogolaNd and part of the
hamerun, German possessions a Brit
Ism attack on German East Africa was
defeated.
The insular possessions Of Germany
IN the Pacific were captured by Great
Britain and Japan.
TSingtau. the German fortress in
China, was captured by the Japanese.
aided by British contingent
ON the seas there have been no great
! battles. Great Brltain's supremacy, ow-
| ing TO the overwhelming size Of her
| Meet. has not been disputed to the ulti-
| mate Issue, the main German fleet hav-
ing remained in home waters. Two Ger
man cruisers which were in the Medi-
s..Eszrznssa[zxar.rsazz.