davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-04-21
Threaten Railway Line.

The scene of the fighting on the Ypres-
Confines railway. TO the west of Zwarte-
lene. indicates a successful initial move
on the part OF Gen. French TO swing
the German army back across the line
between Ypres and Lille, and thus sever
A rail communication OF the first i'm
portanCe TO the Germans, for II Is THIS
road, the Yprcs-Comines railway, upon
which the German General Star largely
depends for supplies going south and
west around La Bassee. by striking
down toward Confines, which is about
half way between Ipres and Lille. the
British are now threatening this rail
way line. the loss OF which would mean
a general weakening TO German posi-
tions through Belgium and the north
west OF France
Tho battle Of Xwar'telcne, or tho battle
Of Zillobekc. another nearby village, ms
the engagement will probably be known,
began with the explosion OF mine be
meath Hill 90 on Saturday evening, This
was straightway followed by vigorous
British attack in which all OF the Ger
man trenches upon the hill were taken,
The following day and Sunday night
were spent In bitter attacks by the
Germans on Monday morning. saws
Gen French in his account of the en-
gagemcnt. these attacks had ased, but
heavy homblrdment of the hin con-
tinued The Official report follows;
The OHiciRI Report.
The report received from Gen. Sir
John French follows;
THE improvement in the weather
since the last report resulted in an in
crease in the activity of both our own
and the enemy's air service, Advantage
/ in the exchanges has been with us. In
/ the Ypres district four hostile aero.
planes have been brought down in the
last three days, two by us and two by
the French, Yesterday one of our air
men drove off three hostile acroplanos
completing subsequently tho reconnals-
sanre Oh which he was engaged
! Early on April IL tho enemy shcllcC
our trenches near st, Eloi heavily. anC
exploded a mine which injured some q
! our parapets. No attack followed an'
the damage was promptly repaired.
"On April Is the enemy exploded three
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-04-21
The OMciRl Report.

Continued on Third Page.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-04-21
When the Enemy Comes

Two remarkable articles in next Sunday
SUN show just what would
happen IL Americas coasts
were attacked.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-04-21
THE WEATHER FORECAST.

Fair and cooler to-day; fair tomorrow;
fresh winds.
Highest temperature yesterday. 70; lowest. 81.
Detailed weather, mall and marine reports page 49,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

what disposition would be made of
such cargoes if owned by neutral
or if owned by an enemy subject
Would a different rule be applied &C
cording to ownership? If so, upon
what principles of international law
would it rest? And upon what rule
if no blockade is declared and main
tanned could the cargo of neutral
ship sailing out of a German port be
condemnedo If it is not condemned,
what other legal course is there but
to release it?
While this government is fully alive
to the possibility that the methods of
modern naval warfare. particularly in the
use of submarine for both defensive
and offensive operations, may make
the former means of maintaining
blockade a physical impossibility, if 1t
feels that it can be argued with great
force that there should be also some
limit to the radius of ACTIVITY, and
especially so if this action by the bel
ligerentS can be construed to be
blockade.
ut would certainly create a serious
state of affairs. if. for example. an
American vessel laden with cargo
of German origin should escape the
British patrol in European waters only
to be held up by a cruiser off New
York and taken into Halifax.
similar cablegram sent to Paris.
BRYAN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

IeTndnS UpaOlu DlOChdoc.
at is also upheld on the authority
of both Prince Bismarck and Count
Caprivi. and therefore presumably is
not repugnant to German morality. The
following are the quotations from
Prince Bismarck and Count Caprivi on
this point Prince Bismarck, in answer
,, ing. in 1885, an application from the
kiel Chamber of Commerce for a state
ment of the view of the German gov
eminent on the question of the right
to declare as contraband foodStuffs
that were for military forces. said: Il
reply to the chamber of commerce that
any disadvantage our commercial and
carrying interests may suffer by the
treatment of rice as contraband of war
does not justify our opposing a meas
ure which it has been thought fit to
take in carrying on a foreign war.
Every war is calamity. which entails
evil consequences not only on the COM
batants. but also on neutrals These
evils may easily be increased by the
interference of a neutral power with
the way in which third carries on the
war to the disadvantage of the sub
jects of the interfering power, and by
this means German commerce might
be weighed with far heavier losses
than a transitory prohibition of the
rice trade in Chinese waters. The
measure in question has for its object
the shortening of the war by increas-
ing the difficulties of the enemy. and is
a justifiable step in war if impartially
enforced against all neutra! ships
Count Caprivi during discussion
in the German reichstag the 4th of
March. 1892, on the subject of the i'm
portance of international protection for
private property at sea. made the fol-
lowing statements: a country may be
dependent for her food or for her raw
products upon her trade. In fact, it
may be absolutely necessary to destroy
the enenys trade. The pri-
to fxnf~ nf viSYn into
Paris was prohibited during the siege.
and in the same way nation would be
justified in preventing the import OF
food and raw produce.
The government of Great Britain
have frankly declared, in concert with
the government of France. their inten-
ton to meet the German attempt to
stop all supplies of every kind from
ports by themselves stopping supplies
going to or from Germany for this end.
Effective Blockade Formed.
1.-The British fleet has instituted
blockade effectively controlling by
cruiser Gordon all passage to and
from Germany by sea. The difference
between the two policies is, however.
that while our object is the same as
1t without sacrificing neutral ships or
non-combatant lives or inf1icting upon
neutrals the damage that must be en-
tailed when a vessel and its cargo are
sunk without notice, examination or
trial.
81 must emphasize again that this
measure Is a natural and necessary
consequence of the unprecedented
methods repugnant to all law and
morality which have been described
above which Germany began to adopt
at the very outset of the war, and the
effects of which have been constantly
accumulating.'
AMERICAN AMBASSADOR,
London
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18
Former American Killed in War.

NEW YORK, March 1S.-William l..
Breeze. former secretary to Ambassa-
dor Page in London, was killed sun
day in the fighting on the French
front. according to cable advlces re-
ceived here from London. Mr.. Breeze,
who belonged to a New York family,
had lived in England for the past six
years. He became a naturalized Brit
ish citizen in order to take a commits
sion as lieutenant in the Royal Horse
Guards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

facility to enforce their claims
(undecipherabIc group, give the prize
court Can independent tribunaD cogni-
zance of these questions. and in order
to give the neutrals as little trouble as
possible It has specified that the prize
court shall give sentence within eight
days, counting from the date on which
the case shall have been brought be-
for it.
.I do not doubt. Mr.. Ambassador. thai
the federal government, comparing on
the one hand the unspeakahle violence
with which the German military govern
rnent threatens neutrals. the criminal
actions unknown in maritime annals al
ready perpetrated against neutral prop
erty and ships and even against the lives
of neutral subjects or citizens. and OF the
other hand the measures adopted by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

Britain respecting the laws OF hunlanitN
and the rights of individuals. xiii readily
perceive that the latter have not ovc:
stepped their strict rights as b.lligcr
entS.
Finally. / gln ANXIOUS 20 assure you
that ii is not and il has never been tic
intention OF the government Of the re
public to extend the action OF its cruisers
against enemy merchandise beyond
EuropeAn seas. the Mediterranean in
GUIDED. SHARP.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

thus created should be changed and
the declaring powers ought to assert
whether they rely upon the rules gov
erning a blockade or the rules applica-
BILE when no blockade exists
The declaration presents other per
pleXities. The last sentence quoted In
dictates that the rules of contraband
are to be applied to cargoes detained.
The rule covering non-contraband ar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18
British Courts Will Decide.

3. The effect of the order in council
is to confer certain powers upon the
executive officers of his majesty's gov
eminent. the extent to which those
powers will be actually exercised and
the degree of severity with which the
measures of blockade authorized will
be put into operation, are matters
which will depend on the administra-
tive orders issued by the government
and the decisions of the authorities
specially charged with the duty of
dealing with Individual ships and car
goes. according to the merits of each
case.
THE United States government may
rest assured that the instructions to
be issued by his majesty's government
to the fleet and to the customs officials
and executive committees concerned
will impress upon them the duty Of
acting with the utmost dispatch con-
sistent with the object in view, and of
showing in every case such considera-
ton for neutrals as may be compatible
with that object, which is. succinctly
stated, to establish a blockade to pre-
vent vessels from carrying goods for
or coming from Germany.
4. His majesty's government have
felt most reluctant at the moment of
initiating a policy of blockade to ex
act from neutral ships all the penalties
attaching to a breach OF blockade. In
their desire to alleviate the burden
which the existence Of u state of war
at sea must inevitably impose on neu-
trail sea-borne commerce, they declare
their intention to refrain altogether
from the exercise of the right to con-
fiscate ships or cargoes which belliger-
ents have always claimed in respect of
breaches of blockade.
They restrict their claim to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18
FRENCH GOVERNMENT DECLARES
ALLIES ACTING WITHIN RIGHTS

The American ambassador at Paris
transmitted to the Secretary of State
from the French government the fol-
lowing message:
Paris. March IA. 1915.
French government replies as fol-
lows:
In letter. dated March :. your
eXcellency was good enough to draw
my attention to the views of the gov
eminent of the United States regard
ing the recent communications from
the French and British governments
concerning a restriction to be laid
upon commerce with Germany. Ac-
cording to your excellencys letter. the
declaration made by the allied govern
ments presents some uncertainty as re-
CARDS its application, concerning which
the government of the United States
desires to be enlightened in order to
determine what attitude il should take.
AT the same time your eXcellency
notified me that while granting the
possibility of using new methods of
retaliation. against the new use to
which submarines have been put. the
government OF the United States was
somewhat apprehensive that the allied
helligerents might Gf their action is
to be construed as constituting a
blockade) capture in waters near
America any ships which might have
escaped the cruisers patrolling Eu-
ropean waters.
I'm acknowledging receipt of your
excellency's communication I have the
honor to inform you that the govern
ment of the republic has not failed to
consider this point. as presented by the
government of the United States, and
j beg to specify clearly the conditions
of application, as far as my govern
ment is concerned, of the declaration
of the allied governments
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

stopping of cargoes destined for or
coming from the enemy's territory.
Cotton Exceptions Made.
3. AS regards cotton, full particu-
lars of the arrangements contemplate
ed have already been explained. 1t
will be admitted that every possible re-
gard has been had to the legitimate
interest of the American cotton trade.
80. Finally, in reply to the penulti-
mate paragraph of your excellencys
note ! have the honor to state that 1t
is not intended to interfere with neu-
trail vessels carrying enemy cargo OF
non contraband nature outside Euro
pean waters, including the Medfterra-
mean.
This messag signed by the Ameri-
can ambassador at London, concludes
with the official text of the British
order in council. as already published
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

The reply from the British govern
ment as transmitted by the American
ambassador at London to the Secretary
of State, was as follows:
London, March Is. 1915.
Following is the full text of a note,
dated today, 1 have just received from
Grey:
Il. His majesty's government have
had under careful consideration the
inquiries which, under instruction from
your government. your excellency ad
dressed to me on the Sth instant re-
sarding the scope and mode of applica-
ton of the measures, forcshadov ed in
the British and French declarations of
the LIST of March, for restricting the
trade of Germany
Your excellency explained and il
Illustrated by reference to certain con-
tingencies the difficulty of the United
States government in adopting a def
mite attitude toward these measures
by reason of uncertainty regarding
their bearing upon the commerce of
neutral countries.
so. l can at once assure your excel
lency that subject to the paramount
necessity of restricting German trade
nus maJestyS government have made
1T their first aim to minimize inconven-
fence to neutral commerce. From the
accompanying copy of the order in
council, which is to be published to-
day, you will observe that wide dis
erection is afforded to the prize court
in dealing with the trade of neutrals
IN such manner as may in the circum-
stances be deemed just and that full
provision is made to facilitate claims
by persons interested in any goods
placed in the custody of the marshal
of the prize court under the order
apprehend that the perplexities to
which your eXCelIency refers will for
the most part, be dissipated by the
perusal of this document and that it is
only necessary for me to add certain
explanatory observations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18
Women and Children Killed.


''Fifth-Unfortified, open and de-
fenseless towns. such as Scarborough,
Yarmouth and Whitby. have been de-
l'berately aud wantonly bombarded by
German ships of war, causing in some
cases considera bic loss of civilian life,
includine women and children.
'Sixth-German aircraft have drop
red bombs on the east coast of Eng
land. where there We're no military or
strategic points to he attacked. On the
other hand i am aware of but two
criticisms that have been made on Brit
lsh action in all these respects: 90 1t
is said that the British naval authori-
ties also have laid some anchored
mines on the high seas. They have
done so. but the mines were anchored
and so constructed that they would be
harmless If they went adrift. and no
mines whatever were laid by the Brit
ish naval authorities till many weeks
after the Germans had made a regular
practice of laying mines on the high
seas. 90 1t is said that the British
government has departed from the view
of international law which they had
previously maintained that foodstuns
destined for the civil population should
never be interfered with, this charge
being founded on the submission to
prize court of the cargo of the Will
helmina- The special considerations af-
fecting this cargo have already been
presented In a memorandum to the
United States government, and 1 need
not repeat them here
Inasmuch as the stoppage of all
foodstuffs is an admitted consequence
of blockade. it is obvious that there
can be no universal rule. based on con-
siderations of morality and humanity,
which is contrary to this practice. The
right to stop foodstuffs destined for
the civil population must, therefore, in
any case, be admitted If an effective
Gordon" controlling intercourse with
the enemy is drawn, announced and
maintained
Moreover, independently of rights
arising from belligerent action in the
nature Of blockade some other nations
differing from the opinion of the gov
ernments of the United States and
Great Britain have held to stop the
food of the civil population is a natural
and legitimate method of bringing
pressure to bear on an enemy country,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18
BRYAN ASKS AN EXPLANATION
OF BLOCKADE CONTRADICTIONS
Allies Intention Not to Condemn Captured
Ships and Cargoes Puzzles Ameri-
can Department of State.

The American government transmitted
identical messages of inquiry to the
ambassadors at London and Paris in
auiring from both England and France
how the declaration in the Anglo
French note prociaiming an embargo
on all commerce between Germany and
neutral countries were to be carried
jrto effect. The message to London
was as follows:
Nashin gton. March ), 1915.
In regard To the recent communica-
tiols received from the British and
French governments concerning re-
straints upon commerce with Germany,
please communicate with the British
foreign office in the sense following:
The difficulty of determining action
upon the British and French declara
lions of intended retaliation upon COM
Iaerce with Germany lies in the nature
Of The proposed measures in their re-
sation 10 commerce by neutralS.
while it appears that the intention
IS 10 interfere with Germany. which is
in effect blockade of German ports,
the rule of blockade, that a ship at
tempting TO enter or leave a German
port regardless of the character of it's
cargo may be condemned, is not as
serted.
The language of the declaration Is
the British and French governments
will. therefore, hold themselves free to
detain and take into port ships carry
ing goods of presumed enemy destina
zion. ownership or origin. 1t is not In
tended to confiscate such vessels or
cargoes unless they would otherwise
be liable to condemnation.
New International Proposal.
The first sentence claims a right
Pertaining only to state of blockade.
The last sentence proposes a treatment
Of ships and carSoes as if no blockade
existed. The two together present a
proposed course of action previously
unknown to international law.
las a consequence, neutrals have n.
standard by which 10 measure theiI
rights or to avoid danger 70 their ships
and cargoes. The paradoxical situation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

The average married woman has Two
dispositions. One she exhibits in public
and the other she uses at home.
The man who courts Il widow is sell
dom kept in suspense very long.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18
Adopt New Blockade Methods.

AS we'll set forth by the federal
government. the old methods of block
ade cannot be entirely adhered to. in
view of the use Germany has made of
her submarines. and also by reason of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

which 81 German armed cruiser has
sunk an American vessel, the William
!. Frye, carrying cargo of wheat
from Seattle to queenstown. In both
cases TIE caTgOcS We're pFeSuula DlS
destined for the civil population. Even
the oar2oeS III such circumstances
should not have been condemned with
out the decision of a prize court, much
less should the vessels have been sunk.
IT Is to he noted that both these cases
occurred before the detention by the
British authorities of the Nilhelmina
and her cargo of foodStuf. which the
German government alleges is the
JUStifca ton for their own action.
Tho Germans have announced their
intention Of sinking British merchant
vessels by torpedo without notice and
without any provision for the safety
Of the crew. They have already car
Tied out this intention in the case of
neutral as we'll as of British vessels.
and :. number OF -combatant and
innocent lives on British vessels, I'M
armed and defenseless, have been de-
Etroyeu in this way
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18
Respects Rights of Neutrals.

LAS your eXcellency will observe.
these measures while depriving the en-
envy of important resources, respect the
rights of neutrals and will not in any
way jeopartiize private property, as even
the enemy owner will only suffer from
the Suspension of the employment of his
rights during the term of hostilties.
1.-The government of the republic
being DESTROYS Of allowing neutrals every
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18
No doubt that
Resin0I does
hea! sick skin

\AyHE% you know physicians
w h&Yc prescribed Itesinol for
- Years in the treatment Of
eczema and other itching, burn
ing. unsIehtiy skin eruptions. and
naye written thousands of reports
saving; 1T is nay regular pre-
scription for itching Resinol
has produced brilliant results,
The result il gave was marvellous
IN one OF the worst cases of
eczema. etc, etc, doesn't it make
you feel that this is the treatment
can rely on for MY skin trouble?"
The moment Resinol Ointment
touches itching skins, the itching
stops aud healing begins with
the aid OF Resinol Soap, it almost
always clears away every trace of
eczema, ringworm. pirnpies, or 9TH
er tormenting eruption quickly.
leaving the skin clear and healthy.
Sold by all druggists For trial
free. write to Dept. 17-R, Resino1.
Baltimore, Nc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-03-18

the geographical situation Of that
country
In answer to the challenge to the
neutrals as well rs to its own adyer
SarIes. contained in the declaration by
which the German imperial government
stated that it considered the seas sur
rounding Great Britain and the French
coast on the channel a military
zone. and warned neutral vessels not
to enter the same account of the
danger they would run. the allied gov
ernments have been obliged to exam
inc what measures they could adopt to
interrupt all maritime communication
with the German empire and thus keep
it blockaded by the naval power Of the
two allies. at the same time. however.
safeguarding as much as possible the
legitimate interests of neutral powers,
and respecting the laws of humanity
W hich no crime of their enemy will in
duce them to violate.
The government of the republic.
therefore. reserves to itself the right
Of bringing into 4 French or allied port
any ship carrying a cargo presumed to
be of German origin. destination Or
ownership. but it will not go to the
length of selling any neutral ship ex-
cept in case of contra nd. The dis
charged cargo shall not be confiscated.
in tho event of a neutral proving his
lawful ownership of merchandise des-
tined to Germany he shall be entirely
free TO dispose of same. subject to Ger
tain conditions. In case the owner of
the goods is Il German they shall sim
ply be Sequestrated during the war.
Merchandise of enemy origin shall
only be sequestrated when it Is at the
same time the property of an enemy !;
merchandise belonging to neutrals shall
be held at the disposal Of its owner to
be returned to the port of departure.