davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
WARS COST IN HORSEFLESH

THAT the United States is serious
ly depicting its supply of draught
animals to satisfy the needs of
the European belligerents is becom-
ing increasingly apparent from the
number of horses and mules that are
being exported.
Most of the animals have come from
the trenches of the West and South
west and they are still being rushed to
the eastern seaboard as fast as they
can he rounded up and loaded on cars.
They are being shipped from several
ports along the coast. Yonkers is
being used as the point of embarkation
for something like $4,000 horses, worth
over 81, 900, 900, for the French and
English.
Since the war began We have sent to
Europe a total Of about 100000 horses.
These $50, 900 were worth at least $780,
100000 at an average price Of 5000.
which is conservative, as will be seen
by what follows.
Government figures for the nine
months ended with March showed 1885,
o23 horses and 26,976 mules exported,
as against 15,O7s and 1896 respective
ly for the corresponding period Of
1914.
From December to March last, in
elusive, the shipments increased stead
lily, the average being 1890 horses and
1910 mules q month, or at a yearly
rate Of more than 100000 horses and
over $1,000 mules.
The value OF the horses averaged
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

last February and proceeded first to
Guadeloupe, where he spent three days
and two nights on the summit of the
great volcano, the Grande Soufriere,
at an elevation Of about 5000 feet.
This is the eliminating peak Of the
Lesser Antilles and Is obscured by
clouds most Of the year.
The cone of the Soufriere," says
DR.. Hovey, Consists for the most part
of solid rock, which projects from the
sides in massive buttresses and from
the top in Jagged p%innacles."
The largest Of these pinnacles have
been named and are known as Piton
du Sud Cor Piton Dolomieu), Piton du
Nord Tor Piton ~Saussure), Portes
d'Enfer. Les Aiguilles and Piton Breis-
ZACH. Here is the Napoleon crater
named after the Little Corporal, and
here DR.. Hovey took a temperature
record Of 100 degrees.
The activity in this region, says Or.
Hovey. is about the same as noted
there thirteen years ago during the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

the elephants in one spot presents a
problem that the scientists have not
yet been able to solve.
Imperial elephant remains were
found at only a few points in the
asphalt diggings," said Director Dag
gett of the museum. until the mu-
force opened up the ninth pit.
Here an extraordinary condition was
uncovered. for. although it measured
only thirty-five feet in depth and
about thirty feet in width and length.
there were buried in this small area
the remains Of at least seventeen i'm.
perial elephants. besides several mas
todons and o number Of smaller ami
mails.
1T is hard to conceive Of the cir.
cumstances causing the assemblage
of so many Of these huge beasts at
this one point, when they are so scarce
elsewhere in the deposit. They must
have been received into the tar one
or two at a time. the animal decaying
and the homes sinking deep into the
asphaltum. making room for the next
victim"
Another important find made in the
La Brea tar beds was a perfectly pre-
served skull Of a human being, which
was named the angeles man." until
a careful examination by a scientist
of the University of California dis
closed the fact that 1t was the skull
of a woman The age of this skull
was fixed at somewhat less than ten
thousand years.
Perfectly preserved remains of one
of the earliest forms of bird life were
also found in the tar pits. Wolves,
ancient bisons. sabre toothed tigers.
lions and camels are a few of the
species represented in the finds.
When It was discovered, three wears
ago, that the supposedly useless tar
beds of the Rancho La Rrea con-
tanned relics Of animal life of thou
sands of centuries ago the county
museum obtained exclusive permits
sion to work the asphalt beds from
George Allan Hancock, owner of the
ranch. The entire collection when
complete will he known as the
Hancock collection. in of
Major Henry Hancock and Mrs. Ida
Hancock Ross, who owned the land
upon which the valuable find was
made.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
Starting for camp at Mont Pelee.

"the planters were expecting to be
called to the front. Generally I found
the islands Of the West Indies in a
prosperous condition, owing perhaps to
the high prices prevailing for the prin.
cipal commodities. sugar and rum.
Some idea may be gained Of the
difficulties encountered In transporta-
ton from the fact that during my
stay in Martinique $4,000 barrels of
rum were piled up on the docks await.
ing boats for shipment; but no ships
appeared in sight.
But to return to the scientific part
Of my story. My trip proved most in
teresting, and I took many photo
graphs Of the places I visited on the
islands. I found that the eastern side
Of the island showed no trace Of VOL
canic disturbance, and the plantations
were in their usual condition. The
west side Of Mont Pelee, overlooking
the town Of st. Pierre. Is still barren.
by reason Of the lack Of rainfall on
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

"OWERING fifteen feet above the
floor and measuring twenty.
i've feet from tusk to tail, the
skeleton Of an imperial ele-
plant. biggest Of all the pachyderms,
has just been placed on exhibition
in the Los Angeles county museum OF
art. science and history at Los An
geles, Ca. 1t is the first complete
specimen Of this extinct species yet
discovered.
While 1t is the first complete skele-
ton ever recovered, ii IL not the only
one. Carefully wrapped In burlap.
each bone by itself, there are stored
in the basement Of the museum the
remains Of no less than sixteen other
imperial elephants of all ages and
sizes.
All Of these fossils were taken. to-
gether with the bones of prehistoric
sabre tooth tigers, American masto-
dons, lions, American camels and other
now extinct beasts. from an asphalt
pit thirty feet square and thirty-five
feet deep. The excavation Is known
as Pit No. 9 Of the La Brea tar beds.
located less than ten miles from the
budding skyscrapers OF Los Angeles.
When 1t Is remembered that the
only remains previously found of the
ancient imperial elephants were a pair
q leg bones now in a museum in
Mexico city and a few splinters owned
by an American museum. the impor-
lance Of the Los Angeles collection of
imperial elephant remains can better
he appreciated.
1t took eight months Of exacting
labor Of skilled scie~nce-artisans to
complete the assembling and mounting
Of the big skeleton now on view. The
bones were perfectly preserved by the
tar in which they had lain embedded
for 1000 centuries. The tar had also
stained the bones q rich chocolate
color.
Frank s. Daggett, director of the
museum, believes that the beast when
alive must have weighed six tons.
The huge curving tusks are 11h feet
long and ~ inches in diameter. Ac.
rordlng to paleontologists, the ele-
phant must have been 100 years old
when he died.
The imperial elephant nourished
during the pleistocene, or glacial, era
and ranged largely over the southern
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

great volcanic disturbance which
swept the Lesser Antilles.
THE northernmost Of the fumaroles
Of the Grand Fente are just beyond
the summit plateau" he reports.
"They seem to be two in number, and
they comprise the Cratere du Nord.
They are the most vigorous Of the
volcanoes and are thought by some OBJ
servers to have thrown out ashes in
January and February, 1908.
"These fumaroles are said to have
come into activity during the erup-
ton OF 1897. They coat the walls Of
the fissure with a constantly renewed
surface Of brilliant sulphur crystals.
The steam issues through the great
fissure with the force and terrifying
noise Of an m safety valve"
DR.. Hovey made three trips ove the
eastern half Of Martinique and Guade-
loupe. Even in the Lesser Antilles the
explorer was not far enough away to
escape the echoes Of the a In fact
the native population regarded the
scientist with suspicion, and some Of
the natives thought he might be a
military spy.
At one port DR.. Hovey witnessed the
embarking Of troops for Algiers. No
vessels were allowed to enter the outer
harbor at Fort de France, Martinique.
and no street lights were permitted to
glow at night on the thoroughfares
leading to the harbor.
I'm many places" says DR.. Hovey,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
STUDIES PRESENT CONDITION OF MONT PELEE"S CRATE
Interesting Discoveries Made in Elk.
animation of Volcanic Peaks
in the West Indies

leads west from the old Lac de Pal
mistes, along the edge Of the old crater
for nearly n half mile and drops into
the spiral crater valley, In the bottom
Of which are enormous blocks result
ing from the breaking to pieces of the
huge spine.
A photograph Of this famous spine
of Mont Pelee is in DR.. Hovey's study
at the American Museum of Natural
History. 1t shows the enormous mass
rising upward in the air from the vol
cano. which burst forth with fiery
rocks and volumes Of smoke and
flames.
In passing through a group Of fu.
maroles the explorers made their way
over the trail, where the temperatures
were below the boiling point. The
humidity and the heat combined to
give the effect Of a weird Russian
bath.
The southwest side of the volcano"
says DR.. Hovey. 'lying between the
Seche and Blanche rivers, which a
the route traversed by hundreds or
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
that side and the intense heat OF the

that side and n intense heat OF the
afternoon sum-"
The plantations along the border
zone of humiliation are highly pro-
ductive again and fiourishing. There
does not appear to be any organized
effort 10 restore the city of st. Pierre.
The principal streets, which were
cleared of Instructions and debris some
years ago, now show from thirty to
forty permanent buildings.
For about eleven days DIR. Hovey
camped on the summit plateau Of
Mont Pelee and made close ohser-
vations of the changes which have
taken place there since his last visit
to the islands in 1905. Up on the
plateau the camp was pitched about
1.400 or 1900 feet above the level Of
the sea, and near the fumarole area.
These fumaroles are still active,
though reduced in temperature 4
about 12S degrees Centigrade. They
are approximately about a mile away
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
Mont Pelee from the west.
Bed of Claire River in fore
ground. 5000 feet below the
summit.

from the crater Of the volcano. The
camp was established by DR.. Hovey
and party at about the same point that
he made his headquarters in 1908.
"The old summit plateau OF the vol
cano rises 1850 feet above the level
of the sea-" says DR.. Hovey. This
formerly bore the pool OF fresh water
known as Lac des Palmistes, but there
is no trace now OF the old lake basin
under the coating of from ten to fifty
feet Of new ash hat covers the
plateau.
THE new cone, which stands as an
enduring monument of the great erup-
ton of 1908. nearly fills the old crater
adjoining the plateau and rises some
500 feet above it. The famous spine.
or obelisk. which rose more than
900 feet further into the air disap-
peared nearly ten years age through
disintegration, and the cone, as viewed
from the sea. presents "A fiat top,
whose apparent smoothness does not
prepare a visitor for the actual rug
gedness OF surface which he finds on
climbing the mountain"
When DIR. Hovey last visited Mar
Unique the new cone, according to his
observations, was scanned with fis.
sures which discharged great vol.
umes Of steam and gave temper
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

retention OF the water necessary N
restore 1t to fertility"
From Martinique DR.. Hovey wen,
to st. Vincent and made observations
there in the vicinity of the Soucresa
which also shows evidences of r,cov.
cry from the previous activity.
Here as in Martinique he found that
the vegetation had r~eestablishod iiso.,
more thoroughly on the wlnivlrd
than on the leeward side of the noun.
tain. He found that considerah., por.
lions of the Soufriere had received
immense deposits Of gravelly ash
from the recent eruptions and these
are largely barren at the present time.
Palms and tree ferns are nov -four
ishing again, and the forest trees are
thriving. On the east side Of The
mountain the sugar cam plantations
which f1ourished before the eruptions
are now largely restored to |cult.ya.
ton.
DR.. Hovey describes the great crater
Of the Soufriere as beautiful enough
to repay the lover of scenery for max
ing a special trip to the island u IS
about nine-tenths Of a mile from uurta
to south, and a lake Approximately
half q mile in diameter now occupies
its lower portion. In 1923 there was
q little pool of muddy water in the
bottom of the bowl through which
disturbing columns or puffs of steam
were continually rising. In 190N the
pool was much larger and yelow.sa
green in color, but did not All The
botfom of the crater.
one of the photographs taken hy Dr..
Hovey on his expedition to tn, islands
was Of an enormous boulder thrown
up on the side of the mountain 10y the
eruption of the volcano. Its weight
Is estimated to be greater than that
Of the Lusitania. 1t affords some
idea of the tremendous force ot an
active volcano. The photograph shows
the boulder lying on the mountain side
where 1t fell along with a mass
of rocks and pieces of stone shot ont
by the force Of the volcano.
The expedition to the Lesser An
titles VAS conducted by DR.. Hoyey
with the aid Of the Heilprin explora.
ton fund, established in 1914 by rcla-
tives and friends of the explorer and
g~eographer, the late Angelo Heiiprin.
Many specimens We're brought back
by DR.. Hovey to illustrate the changes
which have taken place in the rocks
during the past sever Years. DR..
Hovey found a transformation in IA
%cilities for travel on the islands. on
were practically no auto cars in sri-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

atures as high as 500 degrees
Centigrade 1889 degrees Fahrcn-
heit). On his recent trip to the
islands he found considerable steam is
suing from these vents. but there are
no temperatures now exceeding 100
degrees Centigrade (212 degrees Fahr-
enheit). He found the fumarole area
and the plateau On the west side of
the mountain. between the rivers
Blanche and Claire. midway between
sea and summit. which formerly had
temperatures of nearly 500 degrees
C%entigrade, greatly reduced in activity,
although vent were noted with a tenn
pe%rature record Of 1855 degrees.
The ascent OF the cone Of Mont
Pelee is sufficiently thrilling for the
average mountain climber. The trail
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
DR.. Hovey of the American Museum
Tells of His Expedition to
Summit of the Volcano
)AMPING up among the clouds
on the Old summit plateau Of
. Mont Pelee, the volcano which

AMP1NG up among the clouds
on the old summit plateau Of
Mont Pelee, the volcano which
destroyed the city of st.
Pierre, Martinique. and its 10000 in
habitants in 1902, DR.. Edmund Otis
Hovey. curator Of geology and inverte.
brate paleontology Of the American
Museum Of Natural History. conducted
a series of studies of the volcano this
spring. He also visited other vol
canoes Of the West Indies. The pur-
pose OF his explorations was to COM
pare past and present conditions, and
he proposes eventually to compile a
complete record of volcanic eruptions
in the West Indies.
1t was the fourth expedition con.
Quoted by DR.. Hovey to the region Of
volcanoes in the Lesser Antilles, and
altogether he spent about three
month"; prospecting on the Grande
soufriere Of Guadeloupe. at Mount
Pelee. Martinique Island, and the Sou.
friere Of st. Vincent.
During his tour of the volcanic
islands and his ascent or the noun
tains where eruptions occurred he did
not find any signs Of immediate dis
turbance, although at Martinique and
st. Vincent he found increased activ-
ity and n section Of volcanoes and
fumaroles increased In numbers, but
with no indication Of an approaching
eruption.
DR.. Hovey sailed from New York
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

$275 a head. as compared with $'i'
previous year, Illustrating hoW
necessity of Europe has influence
price Of horsetiesh Yer here.
The buyers for the forcign
missions are experienced vctc'
and examine thoroughly all ,.
mails before putting their 90 N
prospective purchases. An!
standards Of Judgment are h.-l.
1t has been figured by mil.
thorities that horses actually
battle front last about ten d.!
assuming that the he'llg,r,-
using about 1900 600 hog.
cavalry, artillery and comm
poses, the rate at which ~.
are being slaughtered mus ay
OF course, by no means a.!
horses are on the battle Inc,
of the lighting is being done
trcnchod infantry and aril.i'i
big guns need immense pow
being moved, rs many as thiri'
being required with some
h~owitzers.
Assuming, however, that 10
of the horses are actually on Q
line, il means that somethinE
900 are killed every fortnlgh'
seems probable, though, th'l
mate was more accurate a. q
the earlier fighting than II o.!
when both the opposing drmI'
more or less Of a deadlock.
II is evident that Eurupo'S
horses will continue to n" lar
while the war RACES and ate
we'll. In the United states
at present about 2l,O0o, 600 Dc
$500, 900 mules,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

OWER fifteen feet above the
floor and measuring twenty
five feet from tusk to tail, the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

with any certainty, but an incident
that Is Of frequent occurrence even
to-day may provide the correct ex-
PLANTATION.
Covering many Of the asphalt-tar
beds Is a thin film Of oil, and birds
and rats frequently are found to have
mistaken the mirrOrlike surface of
the pond for water, only to be sucked
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

perhaps thousands Of destructive
eruption clouds. still lies dyear and
desolate, because the soil was mostly
swept away by the blasts, and the ma
terial left behind as well as that added
by the eruption is too porous for the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

part Of the United States west OF the
Mississippi River and throughout
Mexico and Central America.
1t Is 100000 years since this great
beast roamed upon the plains Ut Cali.
fornla and gave battle with his ter
rible tusks 10 the sabre tooth tiger.
How the elephant came to be trapped
In the tar pits cannot be conjectured
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1915-01-06

plans for advertising the frontier
show az the big fair.
President Tallman also announced
last evening that the board q direc-
tors had adopted resolutions con
demning the proposed law 10 limit
the length Of freight trains az a piece
Of vicious leeLlatlon.
There was some discussion regard
ing the Columbia highway. PrcsIden,
Tallman stating that he has been
working with the county court toward
securing the louting OF the road
through this citv
4 report was read from the com
r,lttee on promotion and trade extern
sion relative to the proposed plan 90
finance the Empire Manufacturing
ccmpany's plant IN this city Tho
committee scls that inasmuch aa II
was not corposed OF mechanical ex-
perts It's endorsement OF the merits
OF the invention would be worthless
and that. while In no sense diScourag.
ing the undertaking. It was Of tho be-.
lief should not endorse the plan %
finance the undertaking but rather
leave local men of capital 10 their
own judgment The report was "a
opted
The proposal OF the Made In u.
: A" concern to include films taken
IN this county In its general exhibit
was referred 20 the proper COMMITTEES
as were also other communications
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1915-01-06
ROAD BETWEEN ADAMS AND
ATHENA IS NOW COMPLETED
COST OF HIGHWAY HAS BEEN
LITTLE MORE THAN S2f10
PER MILE.

At cost Of little more than
S2110 a mile. the stretch OF macad-
am road between Adams and Athena
has been completed by Roadmaster
c. II. Martin. and roadmaking opera
tons have now stopped until after
the cold winter weather Is past. The
distance by the road between Adams
and Athena is about five and a half
miles and the total cost OF grading
and laying the macadam was S11.-
609.63. This is considered a low cost
for this character OF road. The de-
tailed statement OF the cost as pre-
sented to the county court today is as
follows:
Macadam, sS1OS.15. grading s15T3.-
%. hardware s1S275. oil s4S.4@
powder s12S 20. blacksmithing $3.50.
coal and lumber S4Ss4O. electric
power S2021O, total S11.sOs.sS. The
completion OF the Adams-Athena
stretch gives the county a macadam
road from Pendleton to Weston.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1915-01-06
'PLAN TO HAVE COUNTY EXHIBIT
AT PANAMA FAIR IS DISCUSSED

Discussion of plans to exploit Pen.
dleton and Umatilla county at the
Panama Pacific exposition in San
Francisco this year occupied a good
deal of the time at the meeting of
the Commercial association last ev-
ening The plans include a county
exhibit in the general eastern Ore
son display the showing of Roundup
moving pictures in the oregon build
ing and a special exhibit Of products
grown on the farm of Charles ogilvy
in California Gulch,
President Tallman explained that
the county court would appropriate
sufficient money to help in maintain.
ing an eastern Oregon exhibit and he
announced that he persoally had col.
lected small exhibit for this pur-
pose. Mr.. ogilvy, whose exhibit won
first prize at the state fair last year
and who has had displays at the To-
cal fair for several years. would col.
lect another exhibit to be shipped TO
San Francisco late in the year. he
said.
Motion pictures OF the Roundup
will be part OF a general film exhib-
1t to be shown daily in the Oregon
building The matter was taken up
directly with the Roundup associa.
tion by George NJ. Hyland. who Is as
sisting the Oregon commission. II Is
possible that there will be other
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1915-01-06
AUTOMOBILE AFIRE GIVES
FIRE ENGINE LONG RUN
MACHINE OWNED By TOM b. CUR
DANE Is PUT OUT OF CON-
MISSION BY BLAZE.

The automobile OF Tom B. Gurdane
ex-chief Of police. caused the fire en-
gine to make long run this morning
about 80 o'clock and the former Of
ficer is now afoot as the result of the
damage done to his car by a fire
which resulted from a spark igniting
the oil on the floor of his garage.
He was just cranking his car at his
home on Jane street when the oil
took fire and spread to his engine. He
and neighbor fought it for some time
and thought they had it extinguished.
However. it sprang up again and they
turned in the alarm. The engine made
good run considering the distance
and the hills and put the flames out
with chemicals. Mr. Gurdane's en-.
gfne was burned out but the rest Of
his car was not damaged badly. He
carried insurance on the car.