The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-10-05
PORTUGAL ROUNDS OUT
 FIFTH YEAR UNDER
 REPUBLIC TODAY

The PorfuEuese will celebrate to- day the firth birthday of the republic, which was proclaimed on October 5, 1910. after a brief and almost blood less revolution which broke out the preceding day. The Portuguese reyo- l1ition came with such suddenness as to staft1e the world and almost be- fore the people of other nations real ized that the street fighting was more than a riot the emblem of the mon archy had been torn down from the royal palace and the Red and Green haag of the republic had been hoisted in it's place. while Manuel, the boy king, was an exile.
 The path to peace has not been an easy one for the republic, and there have been several revolutions which at times have threatened the new regime. While the roya1fsts have been largely responsible for the disturbed conditions existing in the infant re public, the political leaders have also disagreed among themselves, and this rivalry has resulted in plpts and couhter-p1ots and political azsassiria- tio1s.
 When the republic was declared in 1910 q provisionaA government was formed with Dr. Theophy1o Brago as president and Senhor Machado as Minister of Foreign Affairs. The new government abolished the State Colfi- cil and House of Peers and instituted single chamber legislative body. form Of government was later chang ed in some of it's aspects and in 1S11 d regular presidential election was held, in which Manuel de Arriaga was the successful candidate. The new presid dent retained in his cabinet none of the members of the old provisional govern m ent. Soon afterward there was rising in northern Portugal in favor Of the restoration of the mon afchy, but it was quickly suppressed, as were other similar rebeIIions fo- mented by the adherents of ex-King Manuel.
 far from pleasing to many of the re- publican leaders, however, and the defenders of the new regime were di- vided into warning camps. The trou- b1e reached an acute stage last May. when Peao Chagraas, president of the cabinet, was shot. and other cabinet members were captured and taken prisoners Oh board warships. the navy having sided with the rebels. The warships bombarded Lisbon, and there was much street fighting. dur ing which hundreds Of people were killed: When them inistry i of General tas7l Castro was dissolved and a new cab- fnet was named the revolution sup- sided, and Arriaga was continued in office until the expiration of his term in August last.
 Bernardino Machado was elected by Congress as President of the re- public on August T, having received the support of the two principal par ties, and under his adTninistration 1t is expected that dfscord Will cease and. the republic will present 3 unit ed front to them onarchia1 enemy senhor Machado was Portuguese minister to the United States in 1900 and 1901. He was then known as the Marquis de Santo Thyrso. but when lie became interested in the republi- can movement he dropped his title and assumed his family name. He was recalled from Washington be- cause he made a premature am fIouncernent Of the death of President Mckinley Senhor Maehado was For elgn Minister in the provisional goy= srn1nedt and d candidate for the presidency in 1911, when he was de- feated by Arriaga-
 In international affairs the Portu- guese republic is a nominal ally of Great Britain and France. Including her colonies in Africa and elsewhere, Portugal has an area of 100000 Square miles and a population of 36.- 100000. The prediction that the re- public would be overthrow, although often made, has not yet been realized and it is now very unlikely that Man neI and his German bride will ever sit upon the throne.