davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
ToDAY's MARRIAGE LICENSES

Max Fingerman. s38 winton ST.. and Dora
Katz. 32l Greenwich st.
Hyman Levin. 522 sigal ST.. and Lena Label
PhihiYip oh cRaSimsEy. siS SIT n Marshall ST.. and
Max NRt RosehsoR. 24Ss s. franklin ST., and Katie
Marlin Feldbaum, 63i Ritner St. and eannette
sam S'ssa sassman, % 2G1. catharine ST.. and Jennie
AhEeo MsldsS isPs sPerdat 4 s'9 O5 st. and
Maria Miiiila. 1876 f. Sharpnack st.
Charles Findley, 1910 Christian 81, 81, ana Ger
Isaac Rosenson, rs Caiiowhili ST., and Fannie
George stock. WlsslnominE, Phila.. and Anna
De9TdsRk SoIs IssSS ssSutSR %yafasins ave. and
RiehRsfd iRadf ssiiisssn, 3s25 n 1sh ST. and vno
sIs N O5 lsta South s st. and Anna
Fita Messiah. i85 s.. Hicks ST.. and Carrie
JdRa Slaes lsS Rsnass ige ogden st. and Caroline
Norman +. Abbott 6719 Lansdowns ave-. and
Elizabeih g DonqsiIy 2d2t Pg5ams 6 sb5 st. Bsss,s
NJ Hunt, Baltimore. Nd; IT..
Frank @, Roppelth MoTisyllle. Pa and Emily
EfSarat Heatsteid, i9u4l6 30 s. s. WsFneck st. ANU 90
Edmund W. Young. 2121 n. 22d St., ana Emma
Il Stump Bridgeport, Pa n -
sfaldhmrn Esthsr nJOsseiovits. Aekaiti 2o4 FedsGsl st.
James n, couper, S46o Arbor st. and Lillian
'15reS Blown j6Sth ave. ana OAK lane.
MaxWeli M Segal 5iGB Viola st. and Rebe
Shengoid 1911 NJ coriies st.
wlSm Nays Bsnns i is4s as csaSalsaer aa s
''ens sncs ,sO smith isOi Lombard St.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15

styFr Pr,yNorrrH RocKs

BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCkS.
,sG G M5seSS M S2'f f. sTs Ii' siT3 RsrS u yiPSiq Fsr%
Class ~, hens.-Flrst and second, James u.
ggenI sgigf9na. Bayard N. Livingston. Jr. third,
class ~ ,ppllets,-Fgrst and second, j. N.
Cur, for best cock, hen, cockerei and puliet,
aY1Eaed Ribbo1. to ~, 81 X, w xgPeent w Goat,
best coor NAL male sIPea H. Vincent BEST hSped
female, !. II Vincent; best color female. j.
PARTRIDGE PLYMOUTH ROCKS.
class n. cocks First Ernest NJ Brown
class %. RensgF'irst. Ernest NJ Brown; SEQ.
WHITE wYANDorrEs.
ceis I'll 'GSir' ad Robbins, cisTSi ifd 'So0n8 e
class, ~, ,bsng-First. A., c. Roberts: second
poultry YARDS sseond ood cTes Fars
third, william p. Ridgway
RobeTts tha csWs ana ana E Robbhs
SINGLE COMB BUFF oRPINGToNs.
Glass t1e. .eoehs-First and second. II. r
Farm; second II. r. Hail; third sprecher
oISS Class SD IiS Sot cSi, Hq
. Class III llSGElrpt ,I, Old Eo5go Poultry Farm;
Gun, for, best cock hen. coekerei and pulle,
awarded TO II. r. Hall.
SINGLE COMB oRPTNGToNs.
Class iss, cQsSFSoEt cQsSFSoEtrs;t wrsmT s,T,- co2S f -. 4
vSl9ss i35, be9s,sti!sg, valley viey, Poultry
ROSE COMB oRPrNeToNs.
Glass ~, cockerels-First. Glenwood Poultry
FaFm Ss 'ff2nd R E PGptry Em EaT9 Teay yards
u. Glass % 15i Blue orplnston cocks-First. VIII
Glass iIS2 Blue oTplnston hens-F1rst and
VCIsss; is3 "BIns t9rpinpton cookerels-E-irst
William Cook n Sons.
DARK CORNISH.
cismsSt brS W ~ Thsmds and second H.
class Isl, h9nsy,;FiTst and third, F. H.
Gass 1ss eS Scoefereis-First second and third.
class. is$S Pnllsts First and second, J. N.
Hekist' eiass iasso White 'iEemea iEameead Red Cornish
cocKereis-First and second, Mrs. William II.
Johnson.
FAvBRoLBBs.
Glass col white cocks-First. W. W. Delss-
Glass 202, white hens-First, PaBtime Farm;
class 2o3 white cockerels-First, Pastime
Class 2Oi, white puilets-First w. w. Deiss.
Glass 2O6 salmon. cocks = First, Pastime
Farm: second. w. W. Delssler. ~ -, -
Glass 2O7. salmon hens-First, w. W. Delss-
Ter; second, Pastime Farm.
Glass POS salmon cockerel--First, Pastime
Class 2ll. buff cocl,-First. Pastime Farm;
Class ei2 bun hensNFlrst w. w. Dessler:
Class 2i3, bun cockerels 49, First. Pastime
Class 2l4. bum puliets--Flrst. PastIme Farm.
DARK BRAHMAS.
Glass 226. cocks-First. David V. Stewart
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
RUNNING INSURANCE
OFFICE AMONG TREES
Why Be Housed in a City Canon
Instead of Where
Birds Sing?

Kansas City appears to be the birth
place of an idea which every student of
city problems will hope may grow and
City in on one high hill or another-a
mile and n half from the business centre
OF town, stands new office building,
exposed on all four sides to the fresh
air OF heaven and surrounded by grass
and trees 1t might be a sanatorium or
college building, but It Is an insurance
office. "Why not" says the man who
built II. 'I do most of my business by
mail and telephone. Why house myself
and my assistants In downtown Office
building in the canyons OF n modern
city?"
"Why not?" is one of the greatest
little iconoclasts known. When busi-
ness men take to asking themselves
whether their business really must be
transacted in the summers heat and
winters clouds and darkness of the heart
of our cities, there will be hope Of
escape from the congestion which has
made down town New York the wonder
of the world, but at the same time a
place to be entered only when necessary
and left as soon as possible. We talk
all the time about how our inventions
in communication have made the world
smaller, but in the city we act as If IL
were ostracism to have ones offices
more than half dozen blocks from the
worst congested corner, Here Is an idea
from Kansas city. with the clover
fragrance of the Kansas prairies, an idea
that ought to make work better and
more healthful for the city toiler i'm Of
ices. Why not consider whether ones
business won't let him leave the heart
OF town and get out where the birds
sing milwaukee, Journal.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
BbANKENBURG AIDS DEFENSE
VIII Preside at Mass-Meeting Next
Tuesday Night

mayor Blankenburg will preside next
tuesday night at a mass meeting to be
held In the Academy Of Music In the in
terest OF national preparedness against
war The list of speakers also includes
James NJ. Beck, of New York, former
Attorney General of the United States
ana d Alexander Powell, war CORE
The chief purpose of the meeting is To
marx the beginning Of a campaign 10
enrol 10000 members in is days. The
national Security League has announced
an essay competition with a prize of $3.50
lot the best paper on National Security
AS IL Involves the Preparation and Use
OF the Citizenry.' The public has been
invited TO participate. No essay should
be less than 1000 or more than 5000 words
Every competitor is required to submit
three printed or typewriter copies of his
essay In sealed envelope marked Mill
tary Essay" The paper should reach
the headquarters of the league in the
Franklin Bank Building before February
/, 1916
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
COllOquialisms

One OF the most common surprises in
reading Is to come across In old books
what we have been accustomed to taking
for modern colloquialisms. We have Just
struck this: why. then, do you walk
as IL you had swallowed a rod" Where?
in Epictetus. The modern form is likely
10 be a poker. but we had always looked
upon the whole image as essentially
American 1t is in reading the Elizabeth
ans that this experience is most frequent,
although one is likely TO have It in read
ing any classic; the best colloquialisms
are likely TO be the oldest.-HarpeTs
Weekly.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
CHICAGO DOCTORS CONDEMN
COLLEAGUE WHO LET BABY DIE
Dismissal From Medical Society Rec
commended at Meeting

CHICAGO. Dec. 15.-The council OF the
Chicago Medical Society. I'm a finding
made public last night, recommended to
the society that Dr. II. j. Haiselden. who
advised against operating on the Bolin-
ger baby, be expelled from the society,
The Bollinger baby was born, in the
opinion of Doctor Halselden, with every
prospect, II the faint life in 1t persisted.
Of developing into a hopeless invalid and
imbecile.
The report OF the committee bases its
recommendation on the fact that Doctor
Haiselden permitted TO be published over
his name in a daily newspaper a serial
account of the baby's case and because
the case had been exploited in moving
picture shows.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
Prize Fighters Pa Held as AnnOyer

Thomas Tully, Sc years old, OF III
North Frazier street. father of John
Tully. a prize fighter known as Jimmy
Murphy" was held under $500 bail to
keep the peace by Magistrate Boyle in
the 6lst and Thompson streets station
today. accused of annoying Charles
swinehart, OF 5514 Lansdowne avenue.
who is the sons manager, Swinehart
told the Magistrate that young Tully was
put out OF the house by his father and
that he took him In his own home and
trained him 10 be prize tighter. When
the youth attained success he said the
father annoyed him continually.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
POULTRY RAIsERs UNITE
Montgomery County and North Penn
Associations to Give Joint Show

QUAKERTOwN, Pa, Dec. 15.-The
Montgomery County Fanciers' Associa-
tion and the North Penn Poultry Assoc
citation have consolidated to conduct
their midwlnter show. which will be held
In Red Lion Hall, Quakertown, Decem-
ber 90 to January 1. inclusive.
As result of the consolidation. excel
lent premiums are being offered list Of
which can be procured from the secre-
tary, E. r.. McCork. Perkasie. Pa.
The coming event promises to be the
leading poultry exhibit held In South
eastern Pennsylvania, outside OF Phila-
delphia in recent years.
The associations nave adopted the sio-
gan, "a good place to test your best"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
cIas, 227. hens-rirst. Dsvid V. stewart.

Class 22T. hons-Firss. David V. Stewart.
BUFF COCHINS.
ciass 23i. cock. First. Norris q. Temnie;
second and third. Mrs Mary r. Fry.
Claae 232 hcn--First, Norris q. Tempis.
second and third, Mrs. Mary r. Fry,
Glass 233, cQcterels-First, Norris g. Temple:
second and third, Mrs. II. A. Helyer.
WHITE COCH1Ns.
Class. 236,. cook-F1rst, second and third
.tciass 25s. Rens2First second and third Mrs.
Glass 2ss ,ccockerels-F1rst and second. Mrs.
Mary r. Fry.
Mary n. Fry.
PARTRIDGE CoCHINs.
Glass 241, cocks-Flrst and second. Mlnch
Brothers; third Lloyd Van Sewer
Class 242 hens--first and necond Minch
Brothers: third Lloyd Van Solver.
Class 243. cockerels-First and second, Minch
Brothers.: third, Lloyd Van Sewer.
Class 24f-Ffrst and second. Minch BrotherH
third, Joseph ELIAS.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
He Always Does II

I defy youl" cried the stage heroine.
as the heavy villain appeared on the
scene do your worst And the bold.
bad man took her at her word and did
his very worst-or at least that was the
unanimous verdict OF the disgusted aud
ienee.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15
Notice

European war demands have caused
g shortage in the worlds supply OF
materials used in the manufacture
Of White Tread TiEes.
The color Of Goodyear TiEes may
ulhn sisly be changed from White
10 Black.
Our supply Of the required materials
4ssures the greater portion Of our
1915 seAsons output OF tires being
furnished with White Ireads.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-12-15

views with the wives Of the men selected
by Mayor-elect Smith 20 compose his
Cabinet
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-03-12
JUDGE MONSARRAT UPHOLDS Police
RAIDS ON ORIENTAL GAM|NGDENS

10 secure material evidence such as
money, chips, lay-outs, etc, In the
room entered, they have secured suf.
fcient evidence 70 prove the existence
of q gambling game and to warrant
the prosecution Of those arrested on
the charge OF being present when a
gambling game was conducted. At:
torney Douthftt's attempt to fight the
case because the police did not have
warrants was taken no particular no
tice Of by the court. ss ! Z.
The police are much encouraged by
the conviction and the substantial fine
Imposed on the Chinese They say 1t
VIII help in breaking up gambling.
It 10 almost impossible for US with
out the aid OF an 'informer' to catch
the 0rientals in the act Of gambling
itself when we have to break down
barred doors and thus give them time
to scatter and hide their stuff" says
McDuffie Now we can. when moral.
~ certain games are going on, raid
the Joints and get enough evidence to
warrant a prosecution. We had no
'informers in this game. . =. 7
The "pork-shop gang Is said to be
particularly hard to get the goods
on" Many OF the As convicted this
morning were also before the court
Immediately afterward on a second
charge, where the prosecutions eyi-
dence was not so strong because the
Chinese had tossed their stuff out of
the room where they, were playing,
upon q roof. A nolle prosequi was
entered in this case.
The courtroom was well filed with
the Chinese defendants and as most
OF them had given impromptu names
when arrested and then promptly for
gotten all about II, according TO the
officers, there was some trouble In
Identifying the defendants.
A touch Of humor was added TO the
trial by the good natured interchange
or repartee between the opposing at.
torneys when the fan.tan game was
being explained. Deputy ChiIlingworth
credited Douthitt with having "a on
the game as Il was run for the benefit
OF the court. and the mythical money
was promptly lost.
Attorney ChiIlingworth and Detec-
tive McDuffie received c0ngratulat ions
on the success Of what is said to be
an important fight for the police de
partment.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-03-12
FULL PROGRAM FOR
Y.,M. C. A. ATHLETES
FOR The WEEK END

The Y. M. C. "A. has a fun athletic
program for tonight and tomorrow
evening. At O'Clock tonight the cap
tains of the track teams in the inter
mediate department are holding 3
meeting to decide the details of their
track season. At s o'clock the Ath-
Iletics and Washingtons go against
each other In their first indoor base
ball match of the season.
Tomorrow evening the intermedi.
tates open their track season. Two
events are to be pulled off. First
comes the 100-yard dash. It may be
of interest to know that the indoor
North American record for this event
is III. Following the dash the run:
ners will go at the standing broad
jump. These two events are good
openers for the extensive track sea.
son which has been planned for this
department. The present season
promises to be a banner one at the
association for track. .......@5
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-03-12
Conviction of As Chinese Held
to Be Important in Police
Campaign .

Forty-fye Chinese gamblers were
found guilty and fined SIS and costs
today by Police Judge Monsarrat and
simultaneously the district magistrate
took an attitude which the police say
viii be Of great benefit to them In
breaking UP gambling in the Oriental
quarter.
The Chinese we're taken in raid
by Captain OF Detectives Arthur Nc.
Duffie and his staff last Saturday
night. the raid being made on the
.'pork-shop game, as the police know
Il, conducted over a Chinese store on
Mauna Kea street between Hotel and
King streets.
McDuffie told the story clearly on
the stand today It's features have
particular bearing on the police treat
ment of the gambling situation. Nc.
Dufffe saw q Chinaman let out Of the
store and the door slammed behind
him, and the detectives suspicious
were aroused. When another China
man came out the same way, McDuffie
acted quickly. He thrust his arm into
the door before 1t could be closed,
pressed the door open with his Shout
der and went in. Al lookout on the
stairs saw him and snapped off the
electric lights with his staff close
behind. McDuffie ran up the stairs,
burst through a couple more doors and
into q room filed with excited and
stampeding Cinnamon. The detectives
got fan-tan layout" which was
submitted in court this morning and
explained by McDuffie. Some small
change was also found on the floor.
Attorney E. A. Douthitt. represent.
ing the Chinese, made strong de-
tense. declaring that evidence had not
been submitted TO show that under the
law the detectives had proyedsa gam.
bling game to be running IN the place.
Judge Monsarrat overruled. the objec-
ton and several others more or less
technical. and found the defendants
guilty.
The decision in effect means that
when the police make their way into
quarters where they believe games to
be running. when they break down
barred doors. and when they are able
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-03-12
CORONER'S JURY
PUTS no GUILT
ON AUT0DR|VER


Exonerated BY q coronef's jury in
its investigation Of the death Of Girls
tobal Pena, Samuel T. Hin. manager
Of the Oahu Ice Company, Is still
under charge Of manslaughter.
There was much agreement IN the
testimony brought out by Coroner
1sch yesterday afternoon ct the In
quest. After several hours delibera-
tIon and 4 visit to the spot where
HilIs car Il alleged to have collided
with Pena, . jury returned the fol
lowing verdict:
~That the deceased came to his
death from fracture of the skull, said
injury being received through being
struck and thrown to the ground BY
automobile 1881. driven BY one Sam
u6l 4. HiIl This jury believes that
the striking Of the deceased was acci-
dental and that no blame can be at
fached to said Samuel T. Hill, the
driver Of the 6utomobilep
a hall dozen witnesses to the "a
tally. which occurred on Wednesday
evening. were positive that HiG was
not travelling faster than as miles en-
hour when young Pena ran into the
street after trolley car and vas hit.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-03-12
VESSELS 10 AND q
FROM THE ISL 7 ANps

Observation-Disclosures March II. 8,
S. China, hence Feb 81.
PORT SAN LUIS Sailed, March IL,
S. S. santa Maria, for Honolulu.
SYDNEY Arrived, March 9, s. $3.50
noma, hence Feb, %.
VICTORIA Arrived, March II, s, 8.
Makura, hence March 5.
PORT TOWNSEND Arrived Mar IL
schr. Aceania Vance. from Port Al
len Feb is.
PANAAfA--Afriyed March II, s. 8.
Virginihn. from Hilo Feb. 20.
PORT BEAKELEY Sailed. March IL,
4 schr. Helene. for Honolulu,
RAplocRAMs.
S. s. Wilhelmina. arrives Tuesday
morning with SO cabin and II steer.
age passengers, 400 bags mail SO
packages express matter. "a autos,
1851 tons cargo; Hola, 81 tons cargo;
KaanapaIi. tons cargo: Port Allen,
Is tons cargo *,
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-03-12
HlAWAH's PRIMA
Donna TO GIVE
CONCERT HERE

!. All lovers of music in Honolulu
will be delighted to hear that Marion
Dowsett Worthington is going to give
q concert before she leaves for the
coast. The date set is Friday, March
26, and 1t viii be given In the makai
pavilion of the Young hotel The
public has had few opportunities to
hear Mrs Worthingtor's charming
voice. and with the many new songs
she. has added to her repertoire, q
crowded house should greet the effort
OF HaWaii's own prima donna She
has not appeared In public since her
concert at the St, Francis hotel in
San Francisco, which was one of the
notable events Of last year.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-03-12
SALARY RAISE
Bill PASSED BY
LOWER HOUSE

Passage Of Eli j. crawford's bin
to raise the salaries Of city officials
OF Honolulu, following an unsuccessful
attempt to force the operation Of the
increases on June 1. 1915, instead OF
at the end Of the present elective
terms, featured the session of the
house Of representatives The meas
ure passed unanimously.
w. H Crawford's bill to repeal that
section Of the law which exempts rail-
roads from responsibility for acct
dents to trespassers upon their rights
OF way also passed unanimously. The
opening Of the Waiakea tract to filing
as homesteads was authorized In the
Lyman bill which passed the house
unanimously today.
value Of $500 win be exempted from
taxation for period Of i've years, II
the Hale bill. which passed the house
unanimously, goes through the senate.
BY q vote Of IA for and Is against,
do Silya's bin permitting the Hcens-
ing Of social clubs TO serve liquors
lost on third reading IN the house to-
day. Ain, Brown. Coney, Crawford.
NJ HI, Isenberg, Kahpilo. KaYewehi,
Kula, Lota, Lyman. RaVlins, Vieira.
Garcia, Waiaholo and Williamson were
the members who defeated the meas.
IRE.
The Goodness bin to construct a
Homestead road through the Waiohuli-
Keokea beach lots, Maui, went through
final reading unanimously. The house
viii meet atSl0 4 M, tomorrow.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-03-12
BAR ASSOCIATION
ACTSON BILLS
BEFORE sOLONS
Lawyers Oppose Measures to
Change Court Procedure; Fa-
vor Appointment of Judges

Several bills pending in the leg1s
lature to alter certain methods oi
court procedure and the proposal to
have district magistrates elected In
stead of appointed by the chief JUS
tice Of the supreme court will be op-
pCsed by the Bar Association OF Ha'
wall This was determined at a meet
ing. of that body yesterday afternoon
in the stock exchange headquarters
Twenty members were present, with
Judge John II. DeBoIt, vice-president
presiding. Judge Antonio Perry, chair
man of the associations legislative
committee, reported the tendency Of
q measure In the legislature to pro
vide that no decision shall be reyers
ed for merely technical errors where
the substantial rights OF the litigants
are not involved. A similar measure
was introduced in the legislature Of
1909 and Chief Justice Hartwell OF
the supreme court advised the law
makers at that time that the bill was
unnecessary, as the rule already was
laid down by the supreme court and
was followed in every decision. Il
was urged yesterday that the Ameri
can Bar Association has endorsed such
a law, but the majority of those pre-
sent felt it was unnecessary legisla.
tion, and the legislative commission
was finally instructed to oppose It.
Another measure tae committee was
instructed to oppose Is one providing
that the plaintiff in civil suits cannot
discontinue his action without the
consent of the defendant and except
on the payment to the defendant Of
such costs as the court might deem
proper. The objection raised to this
was that it would require the consent
of the defendant before discontinu.
ance could be entered.
The Bar Association went on record
as fayoring the present system of ap
pointing district magistrates, with the
appointive power in the chief Justice
The association approved the bin to
provide for the appointment of com
mission for a proper and adequate di
gest OF the Hawaiian reports.
Representative w. T. RawIins, who
also is q member OF the association,
asked for an opinion ON the sugges.
tion to increase the maximum limit OF
civil suits which may be tried In dis.
trict courts from $500 to $500. Suits
involving more than $500 at present
must be taken up 10 the circuit courts
and the lawyers yesterday expressed
the majority opinion that the present
maximum limit is large enough. Any
bill to raise the limit will be opposed
by its committee.
The question OF este klishing small
debtors courts was raised by Senator
A. L. Castle. d. L. Wilmington
brought ia suggestion regarding the
record on appeal being limited to the
error specified Senator Coke insti.
gated discussion Of thespresent indie
terminate sentence act, the constitu
tionality of which is questioned BY
Circuit Judge Ashford. All these sub,
jects were discussed but the associa
ton did not recommend action on
them.
The matter Of costs in civil suits
was argued and referred to the 1egis