davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The newspapers are making con-
siderable comment on the verdict Of
the Camps of East Randolph after
going twice across the continent by
automobile that with possibly one
exception they saw no place that
looked so attractive for farming as
the state of Vermont. That is of
course very satisfying to Vermonters
and leads us to think that perhaps
the fact that so many Vermonters
are staying in other states to farm
is they got money enough in Vermont
to get elsewhere and start farming,
but have never made enough money
in other states to get back to farm
ing in Vermont.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
Cost OF Keeping a Cow

None of the secretaries OF the
county COW testing associations re-
sponded to the invitation of The
Caledonian a few weeks ago to send
in what they considered representa-
tive figures on the cost OF keeping
a COW, but we have an article in this
issue that covers the subject very
fully. In preparing his thesis Mr..
Nelson has considered every feature
of cost and every product from the
COW. We have given them in full.
1t makes a longer article than most
people will read but we have pub
lished the whole so anyone interest
ed can get as complete information
on that branch as anywhere known.
Mr.. Nelson gives ten items of cost
in keeping a COW and the average of
each is as follows: Cost of labor
per COW per year, 1880; cost of
shelter, $4.93; equipment, $1.O6;
bedding, $1.37; cost of bull, sails;
interest on value of COW, 1928; de-
probation, $4.49; tax, $50; insur-
ance. $.27; feed, $42.1S. This gives
total of $79.S3 as the average cost
Of COW per year. This is a cost of
between twenty-five and twenty
three cents a day for the whole year.
The average milk production per
COW is 5000 pounds and the aver
age amount of butter-fat is 1855
pounds. He finds the total average
income from a COW to be $S6.32,
which gives an average profit per COW
of $6.49. Particularly interesting is
Mr.. Nelson's discussion of the reas-
onableness of the figures given.
Every farmer will find it profit
able to consider these figures and
compare his results with those given
here. He may not be able to figure
accurately his costs of labor, depreci-
alton and similar items but he can
easily determine the cost of his feed
per COW, the average production of
his herd and see if he is working
right. If he is not, study and intel
ligent persistence may enable him to
make his dairy more profitable than
it has been.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Mr.. and Mrs. George Cook spent
Sunday with friends at st. Johns
bury.
Miss Ruth johnson Of Barton is
visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs. c.
e. Johnson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hoyt Of Woodsville.
N. H., are visiting their daughter,
Mrs. Harry Carr.
Mrs. Mary Hallett accompanied by
her guests, Mr.. and Mrs. Long and
Mr.. and Mrs. Seymour OF Lynn,
Mass, have gone to Morrisville for
few days.
Mr.. and Mrs. Glenn Aver and
daughter, Edith, went by automobile
to Barre to spend Sunday.
ID. G. Simpson of Fitchburg is
spending a few days with his family.
Mrs. Allen Knight Of st. Johns
bury has been spending a few days
with her daughter, Mrs. w. @. Hall.
Mrs. Ferguson of LyndonviIle and
Miss Aurilla Daniels spent the last of
the week with their niece, Mrs. Dan
iel Gallagher.
Mrs Emma X. Massey is in Port
land, Me, this week attending the
national session of the Daughters OF
Liberty of which she is the national
representative from this state.
Mrs. Louise Towle and friends
from East Burke took an auto trip
through the White mountains last
Sunday.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
SIT. JOHNsBURY CENTER
Mrs. Rhoda Hill Observed SD Birth
day-Grange News and Per-
sOnaIs

ella Mclaughlin, correspondent
On Thursday, September 8, Mrs.
Rhoda Hill passed her SD birthday.
During the day she received over
100 postal cards from friends, sew
eral beautiful bouquets, and a purse
of money. The day will be pleasant
ly remembered.
AT the regular meeting Of Wide
Awake Grange on Saturday evening
the third and fourth degrees were
conferred on candidates. The ladies'
degree team did the work in a very
pleasing manner After the program
refreshments were served. The pro-
gram was as follows: Instrumental
music, Bertha Salman; reading, "The
Land of Pretty Soon," Mrs. Jessie
Gage; reading, "How the Freckled
Faced Girl Entertained the Mission
Lady," Mrs. Frank Hooker; reading,
"Our Creed" Mrs. Underwood; read
ing, 'sThe Prayer of the Fair Wo-
men," Mrs. E. H. Hallett. Shepherd
Pomona Grange will meet with North
Danville Grange September Is. The
worthy master will be present.
Over 80 members from the Green
Mountain Grange, No. 1 went to Con-
cord last Friday night in response to
an invitation from Concord Grange
to meet with them to observe
''Neighbors' night" All report a
very enjoyable time.
Miss Grace Hill of Lyndonville has
been spending a few days with Mrs.
Fred Hill.
Miss Ella Mclaughlin and Mrs.
A. b. Goliath have been visiting at
ST. Johnsbury. Mrs. Goliath goes
Monday to Joe's pond where she will
spend the week with Mr.. and Mrs.
H. J. Beck.
Miss Grace Phelps has returned to
her school at Montpelier Seminary.
Mrs. Augusta Phelps has gone to
work in the dormitory at the Semin-
airy.
Miss Martha S. Hill has gone to
on a business trip.
A. L. Chaffee returned Wednesday
after spending a few days with his
brother and family in Brooklyn, N.
Y.
Mrs. c. e. Johnson and daughter,
Doris, returned Thursday from visit
ing in South Braintree, Mass.
Mr. and Mrs. ID. w. Jenness and
Mr.. and Mrs. A. c. Knoblock are en-
joying an auto trip to Boston and vi
cinity.
Mrs. L. v. Menut of Lyndonville
called on old friends in the village
last Thursday.
MISS Elizabeth Beane who has
been spending the summer at Rock
land, Me-, is visiting her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. William Beane.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

pare themselves by extra study and
service.
There is no graft and no waste
in system which nevertheless calls
for about a third of the revenues of
the state, and which is supported in
part by the high exemption taxes
paid by those unable to serve, in
Guiding many Swiss subjects resident
abroad. What makes such results
possible is the perilous position of
the little mountain republic which
forces all to do their part Loyalty, to-
gether with the traditions and inner
tied character of the Swiss people,
who have been accustomed from time
immemorial to bear arms, and have
soldierly tastes which the smallness
of the country saves from degenerat-
ing into militarism. Under such con-
ditions the militia system is at its
best and other peaceful nations that
are forced to consider problems of
defense can hardly do better than to
look to Switzerland for lessons.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
The Swiss system

Now that the increase of the mill
tary force of this country is under
consideration it is we'll to study the
systems of other countries. The
Swiss system is very favorably men
toned by many as the system for
this country to adopt. 1t seems to
have many advantages 1t trains
all citizens so they will be available
for soldiers in case of necessity. 1t
produces trained marksmen and
schools it's boys and young men in
good citizenship. 1t rewards merit
and has no fuss and feathers or gold
braid in connection with its officers.
More important than all else it trains
its citizens in an economical way.
Some instructive facts are given
by George B. Mcclellan in a study
of the Swiss system prepared for the
New York Times.
Economy begins at the top: The
Swiss army has nothing higher than
a colonel until it is modified, when
a commander in chief is appointed.
While he serves he is paid a little
less than $40 a day. In ordinary
times the highest officer is a colonel
in command of an army corps, whose
salary is under $4,000 a year. A
colonel commanding a fortress is
paid $1,000. Aside from these high
commanders the best paid officers
seem to be the instructors, of whom
there are 1S6, with pay running from
$3.50 to $1,460 a year, and no doubt
they are hard worked.
Only a small part of the army is
on a permanent footing, as is the
case with a few hundred permanent
fortress guards who are paid from
so cents to $1.60 a day. the higher
pay going to skilled workmen. The
army in general is paid only for SER
vice, and the service being short, the
rate is a little higher than in other
European armies. During mobiliza-
ton all receive 90 cents a day for
subsistence, in addition to their pay,
which varies from 10 cents a day for
a recruit to 81 a day for a colonel.
The officers are Economically pro-
NOTED from the ranks, those who
show fitness having a chance to pre-
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
SUTTON
Some Damage by Lightning-Many
Real Estate Deals.
Oh. A. Blake. Correspondent

III. A. Blake, Correspondent
There was a hard thunder shower
| in this section Wednesday night
lightning killed a heifer for Daniel
| Goodwin and struck Leslie Berry s
barn but did not set it on fire. The
barn is a large one and sheds con-
nected with it are filled with hay and
grain, and would have been a great
loss had they burned.
Charles Marshall, late of st.
Johnsbury has sold the farm on the
East Ridge that he bought last April
of Pearl w. Blodgett, to Jesse Carl
ton of Waterford. Possession is
given at once. Mr.. Marshall has
gone into business in West Burke.
James N. Holtham has bought the
place where Alfred Allard lived here
at the village from Mr.. Anard's es-
tate, E. A. Cook of Lyndonville be-
ing the administrator upon Mr.. AL
lard's estate.
f. 0. Berry has bought the place
where Stephen Taft lived at the viii
lage and is moving things from his
farm there and expects to move there
for the winter.
e. M. F'ifield has sold his farm,
consisting of three farms all as one,
375 acres or more, to Fred K. Saw
yer, of Northfield, the consideration
being 81, 900. Mr.. Fifield is going
to Mortified where he has bought a
hotel and expects to leave as soon
as he can close out his business here.
A new gasoline lighting arrange
ment has been installed in the Free
Baptist church. E. L. Macy and Rev.
G. r. Upton have done the work of
putting it in.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lorenzo Eaton and
Mr. and Mrs. Fred CobIeigh of Nash
ia, N. H., who were visitors in town
recently, have returned to their
home.
Miss Cora Curtis, a nurse from
Burlington, made her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. E. E. Curtis, a short visit
recently.
Mr.. and Mrs. F. H. Miles visited
Mr.. Miles father, Ernest f. Miles, at
Hardwick the past week.
Coils A. Paige, who lives on the
lake road from West Burke has
made improvements on his residence
by a new coat of paint.
Mrs Ernest Wilcox and family
who have been in town for a visit
have returned to their home in Bos-
ton.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Bartlett from
Ludlow, Mass, made a flying visit
among friends in town the past week
coming with their automobile.
Farmers have commenced to dig
their potatoes and are finding very
light crop and that they are decay
ing badly.
H. G. Reed, who has been visiting
his son, B. 'C. Reed, has returned to
his home in Westfeld.
Miss Ethel Chapman has gone to
Albany, N. Y, where she will enter
college for a years course in peda-
gogy.
District Deputy L. o. Sleeper and
wife of Newark visited Sutton Grange
last Saturday night. The Grange
here rescinded their vote and will not
hold a fair this fall.
Little Ruth Butterfeld is visiting
her uncle, r. H. Buttertield, at West
Thornton, N. H., for a few days.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Orleans county is credited with
more state officials than any other
county in the state, having nine men
on the state payroll. Brattleboro has
lost its distinction of having the more
politics to the square inch than any
other place in the state. Caledonia
county leads on judges. While it does
not have quite nine men holding
state Office it has about twice that
number who would like to hold Of
fee and they would be pleased to
have Brother Gilpin tell the public
how the Orleans county fellows land
so we'll.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Put a little "Gets-It'' on, it dries at
once. There's nothing to stick. Put
shoes and stockings on right over it.
No pain, no fuss, 48 hours-corns gone.
"Gets-It" never hurts the true flesh,
never makes toes sore. If you have
tried almost everything else for corns,
you will be much more surprised to see
how quickly and easily your corns and
calluses will come right off with Gets
It." Quit limping and wrink1ing up your
face with corn wrinkles. Try "Gets-It'
tonight on that corn, callus, wart or
bunion, and you'll be glad you read
this.
"Gets-It" is sold by all druggists, Csc
a bottle, or sent direct by e. Lawrence
& Co., Chicago. Sold in st. Johnsbury,
and recommended as the worlds best
corn remedy by G. G. Bingham, Chas.
Searles & Co. and Flint Bros.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

There are indications of the be-
ginning of the end of the European
war. 1t is stated that Germany is
calling out her last reserves, men
over "a years of age. These men
would not be accepted for military
service a year ago and the call for
them now shows that Germany is
reduced to it's last resort. With the
terrible slaughter that is going on
it would seem as though Germany
would soon be so reduced in military
strength that she must sue for peace.
None Of the Allies have been forced to
make such a call and it seems reas-
enable to expect they can continue
the fight until the military force of
Germany and Austria is practically
That is the only result
that will bring permanent peace so
We say God speed the day when this
will be accomplished.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The following written G. NJ Nelson native of
engaged the
written
Bachelor college at the Uni
of the
obtained them
possible with
Caedonian
practical farmer O of he Editor
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

form of barnyard manure, the pro-
ducing power of the farm is main
tanned.
The object of this investigation is
to determine, as accurately as pos
sible with the available data, the
cost of producing milk and butter
fat ON Vermont farms under the con-
ditions which obtained during the
years 1911 and 1912.
The investigation has been limited
to members of cow testing associa-
tons, in order to secure actual fig
ures for the amount of production
of milk and butter-fat and the cost
Of feed. A Cow Test Association is
an organization of farmers in COM
munity for the purpose of determin-
ing the amount of milk and butter
fat produced by each cow during the
year, and also the cost of the feed
consumed by each cow. There are
usually about twenty-five herds in
each association, furnishing from four
hundred to six hundred cows. A man
is hired to do the testing, computa-
ton, etc. He also aids the farmers
in formulating balanced rations for
their COWS. The direct results de-
rived from COW testing associations
are improved herds and economical
feeding. The indirect benefits, how
ever, are of still more Importance.
Through the medium of these organ
izations, the members learn the
value of cooperation and gain a
more intimate knowledge of scientific
agriculture In this connection we
may add that the members of these
associations are the most progressive
and successful farmers in their re-
spective communities. They keep the
best and largest herds, own the most
productive farms and are the most
influential citizens. Thus they repre-
sent, not the average dairymen in
the state, but the best. This fact is
of much Importance in the applica-
ton of the findings of this investiga-
ton.
Ten distinct factors determine the
cost of keeping a COW: ID, feed;
(2), labor; 90, shelter; "a, equip
ment; (5), bedding; co, keeping
bull; Cd, interest; go, deprecia-
ton; 90, tax; NO), insurance.
Data for the cost of feed was taken
directly from cow test association
records, while that for the emaining
factors was obtained by personal in
terviefws with seventy-one members
of eight associations located in
Craftsbury, East Hardwick, Enos-
burg, Essex Center, Middlebury,
Pittsford, Randolph and st. Adams.
The data from these farmers will
first be considered.
Labor
Labor, as an expense item in the
cost OF keeping cow, IS second only
to feed in Importance, To deter
mine this factor, the owners of in
dividuaI herds were asked to est1-
mate the number of hours spent per
day throughout the year in feeding,
watering, milking, cleaning stables,
grooming and similar work. These
estimates do not include the time
employed in doing other chores such
as taking care of calves, young stock,
etc.
The following table gives the num-
Der of COWS in the herd, the number
of hours work per day, and the cost
Of labor per COW per year. Labor is
valued at fifteen cents per hour.
Cost of Ia bor
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

There are 1O,749 automobiles,
SOC motorcycles, 107 dealers and
12,343 operators in the state of YER
mont. They have paid into the state
treasury $2O4,3O7.O4 this year. That
mean $18.S7 per head from each au-
tomobi1e owner in the state and
makes very tidy contribution to the
states finances.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
WEST WATERFORD

Last Wednesday was the first time
for over six years that Ernest Car
penter or Mr. Carpenter did not
carry the mail. Mr.. Johnson car
ried it that day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Cushman from
East St. Johnsbury visited his par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. E. o. Cushman,
last week Monday
Mr.. and Mrs. George Worrell re-
turned Saturday night from their
visit.
Leslie Lenton has recovered from
his recent illness.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

gave them opportunity to harvest
the crops already ripened and gave
the great growth of corn an oppor-
tunity to mature enough so it is
worth nearly double for feeding pur-
poses what it was worth at the open
ing of the month. It's an i'll wind
that blows no good.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
STANNARn

Miss Grace Spier is helping care
for Mrs. Dick King.
The selectmen had a meeting re-
Gently to consider the Improvement
needed on certain highways.
Leander Goethe was in Wheelock
and Greensboro on business recent
ly.
Mrs. Cameron has returned to
Stannard for another years school
work
Miss Della Dezan is attending
school at Lower Stannard.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

AT the end of the first fiscal
year for the Panama Canal the sta
tistics showed that 1,188 ships car
rying cargoes of 100000 tons had
passed through it. The total cash
receipts were $4,424,255, being
$3.50, 1893 more than the expenses of
operation and maintenance. Such
satisfactory results under the I'M
favorable conditions of the past year
promise a great success under nor
NAL conditions. We can safely call it
a profitable investment of the peoples
money.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
WEST DANVILLE
(Mrs> e. F. Aver, corresponds

(Mrs. e. f. Aver, correspondent
John Brickett returned from Bos-
ton Sunday where he has been spend
ing the last two weeks.
Miss Mary Aver has been spend
ing the past week with her sister,
Mrs. Walter SWEET.
Sidney Gle has gone to Barre
where he will attend Goddard Sem
mary and Miss Fanny Waldo has
gone to Johnson to school.
Miss Anna Brickett has gone to
Landoff, N. H., where she will teach.
Schools opened Monday with Mrs.
A. l. Anderson, teacher, in the gram
mar room and Miss Alice Page in
the primary room.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Odekirk OF
Boston are visiting his mother, Mrs.
Oliver McCosco.
Join CALIFORNIAN party today.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

1t required six express cars to
bring $SO,OOO,OOO from the sea coast
to New York last week. This gold
was sent from England here to pay
the balance of trade against Eng
land. If it takes six cars to carry
$80,0OO,0OO and the cost of the Eur
opean war is $40, OOO,OOO,OOO it
would require $1,000 express cars
to carry enough gold to pay the ex-
pense of the war. Allowing forty
feet as the length of each car this
would make a train over 1872 miles
in length laden with gold.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Local notices. wants, for sale. ETC.,
notices 10 cents q line. three inser-
tions. Probate notices $500 each for
three Insertions Dissolution, liberia
ti0n and similar notices $3.50 each for
three insertions. Card of thanks. rs
cents. Obituary poetry. 10 cents
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

The warm spell of early September
has been worth many thousands of
dollars to the farmers of Vermont. 1t
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

AdVertIsers-AIl copy for advertise
ments must be in by noon on Tuesday
70 insure its insertion in the issue of
Wednesday. Our subscription books
are open to your inspection.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Entered at the st. Johnsbury post
once as gecond-class mail matter.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

BubserlbeFg-If you wish the paper
stopped please send a written notice
when your subscription expires Other
wise, we will continue your subscrip-
ton at $3.50 per year.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

TERMS OF THE CALIFORNIAN
One year to any address. 1870. $3.50
Six months ......''..''..'..- -r00
ClerEymen in Caledonia County. $1.O0
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
The COST OF KEEPING A cow

Exhaustive Treatment of the Subject By C. M Nelson
Son of Barnet-Every Element of Cost Considered
Large Number of Actual Records of Herds In Diff
ferent Parts of the State--Something Anthem
tic with Which the Experience of Any
Practical Farmer May Be Compared
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

W Eastern Avenue. St. JOhnsbury. vt.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15
w. ,. BigeIOw,

PUBLISHED WEEKLY By
TIME CALIFORNIAN COMPANY.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

WEDNESDAY, SEPT rs, 1913
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1915-09-15

Continued on page nine.)