davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-19
Defense Plans Call
for Billion Dollars
in Next Six Years
President " i'll Lay Scope
Of Program Before Pco-
pie in Address to Be
Delivered Soon.

WASHINGTON. October lS.--A ma
means an expenditure on the army and
navy Of upwards Of Si.nOo.OC0. coo i'm
the next six Years Will lie laid before
the people 10y President Wilson in No
rcmbcr. when he goes to New York
to make his first address since the
scope OF the policy upon which his
administration has embarked became
known. He Will speak before The
Manhattan club on national defense
ana the reasons which have impellcd
him 10 approve plans to about double
The NAVY aud uuadruplc the trained
hShting forces ashore within 81 few
years. With the estimates OF the War
and Navy Departments submitted for
the coming year. tho breadth Of the
administrations policy as to prepared
ness is being realized. II shapes up in
totals as follows:
Nuyy-I'or new ships and increased
personnel in five years. $500. 900 900
.Army--For reserve material tarms
ANA amnuntionb within four years
5loI. I.c22,o6c. For new coast defeuscs
and nodcrniaation OF old forts within
-four years. $Sl ,Oo0o0O
For the new continental army and
the proposed increase in the regular
army. S26.0Go.o o0e. cThis amount prob
ably Will be continuing and, if any
thing. increasing through tho first six
year period, which would make the
total expenditure at that time Sl56.-
Geo. .0cO.J
The grand total expenditure thus ac-
tually planned would be SSi".0o0. 600
These expenditures would produce
by 1929 a first line OF Drcadnoughts
ana battle cruisers Numbering forty
three: Il Iicet of coast defense subna-
rincs that would fringe the Atlantic
and Pacific Coasts with an almost solid
line OF interior defense against at
tack: ilect of nearly l75 destroyery.
and suuad:ons Of huge, sea going fleet
submarines to operate with the battle
fleets.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-19
WIEN AND WOMEN CAMPAIGN
TO VERY LAST OVER STATE


WIEN AND WOMEN CAMPAIGN
TO VERY LAST OVER STATE
y thousand motors. gay with the
purple. green and white OF the devoted
cause, and !iauuti:I; to the country side
the shibboleth OF the twentieth century
Votes for Womcn'--r over the
roads of the State to-day. From all
these motors men nnd women shouted
The demand. IN all the cities, towns
and villages women and men drilled
young women iu the duties Of poll
watchers. And from California, colo
'ado, Washington, oregon. Idaho.
Wyoming, Arizona and Kansas, where
women are cufranchiscd, came speak
rrs 10 tell what good woman suffrage
has worked and what evils il has dis
PEELED.
Woodrow Wilson. President OF the
United States, viii vote for the amend
nent. Lindlcy NJ. Garrison John Gricr
iiibben, John Franklin Fort. Everett
Colby. the Mayors of Newark. Jersey
city, Camden. Elizabeth. l'assaic. Plain
neld. Atlantic city and Atturucy Cen
cral John W. Westcot,. United States
senator Hughes ana Judges. solicitors.
lawyers, legislators, bankers. journal
lists and chiefs of this and ,hat-aN
have pledged themselves voluntarily to
vote for woman suifage
Lest fraud bar the way to victory, the
leaders for the cause Of woman suffrage
have taken vast prccaution and
*tumpcd the State with educational
speeches and propaganda. The courts
denied the petition TO have the ballots
numbered in this special election.
George NJ. Lamont, chairman Of the
Mems Campaign Committee has offered
a reward OF $lo0 TO any one wEo can
prove Il ease of repeating. In Newark.
where the fight IL hottest. camera men
vii! snap photographs OF the lines of
voters at stated intervals 50 that re-
ptatcrs may be spotted
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-19
WOULD SEPARATE .tPPUoPRIATINt.
AID SPENDING. POWERS

MI Meredith pointed TO tie danger
ot allowing members Of the Admins
trntIvc Board To hav. Il voice in The
actual framing OF the budget To do
so, he said. would be 10 defeat ne
chief object Of all recent rciorn-;hc
absolute separation OF the appropriate
ing and spending powers The body
delegated 70 spend ana adin,nis;ra;c
he said, should HAY. no voice in the
framing OF the budget.
Succeeding speakers pointed 20 the
fact that the benefits Rowing from the
participation OF the Auditor ana Ad-
ministrativc BOARD members in the
budget conferences are already enjoyed
by the Finance Committee. with which
the City Auditor sits as clerk and TO
which the Administrative Board is re-
quired by the charter to report annually
"A detailed budget Of wants
Mr.. Wallerstcim saw in the creation
of board Of estimate a drifting away
from the Idea OF simplicity and cen
traiization which the committee started
and a step in the direction OF multi
plying boards without sufficient justin
cation. The present Plan of framing
the budget by the Finance Committee.
h" said. possessed every virtue that
was claimed for the suggested dcpar-
ture, and there appeared no good rca-
son for discarciinE it,
On the roll call the members voted
as follows:
For the Ratcline rosolution-Aldcr-
man Adams and Counclmen RatcIine
and Jones--3
Against the Alderman
puller and councilmen Peters. Pollock
and fIaddon--4
JONES'S CIVIL. SERVICE PLNN
MEETS PROMPT DEFEAT
Earlier in the evening Chairman
Jones offered Il resolution providing
for the creation of a Civi, Service Com
mission Of three members To he APP
pointed by the Mayor for six-year
terms. This body. Mr.. Jones explained
would classify the city services and.
III accordance with Il system OF exam
nations TO be decided upon, would pro-
vide list of cligibles for each depart
mcnt. For every recurring vacancy
the commission would submit 20 the
department head three nominees from
which the appointment would he made
In urging the creation OF a Civil Ser
vice Commission. said Mr.. Jones. il was
also his purpose to provide a body TO
which any employee might appeal
should he be summari!y dismissed for
no reason or for some cause he did
not deem just.
The resolution encountered pro,npt
objection from practically every mem
Der of the committee, citizens aud
Councilmcn. and WAS defeated by n
vote Of . to !, Mr.. Jones alone voting
in the Affirmative, The negative votes
were cast by Alderman Fuller and
Councilmcn Haddon. Peters. Pollock
and Ratcliffe. Alderman Adams. who
was detained at the Bellevue School
mass-meeting. did not arrive until after
the vote was taken.
The plan was criticized chiefly on the
ground that 1t would he impossible to
Continued on Third PageD
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-19

That n! has not been goiuG we'll
with the eXpeditionary forces seat to
The oiallipoli Peninsula to open the
way 10 Gonsiantinoplc has been indi-
Gated. rot only by the official reports
but by intimation in high quarters in
London. y few days ago in The Brit
ish Parliament Niscount Milucr sug-
Gestcd the Withdrawal of tn. troops
from Gallipoli and their transfer to
some other thcaicr Of the war.
In reply Lord iansdownc said it was
Impossible for an:' member OF the gov
crnm"nt to give an undertaking that
the troops would be continued in the
DardanellcS operations or withdrawn
from them.
General Hamilton, who has had COM
mand OF the British troops from he
time Of their first landing in April. has
reported Ia the War OiIlcc very heavy
losses to his forces with comparatively
small gains. The result oc this has
been to arouse discussion as to whether
the operations IN the p.Irdanellcs \. re
progressing i'll 4 way to warran; Their
continuation.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-19
SIR IAN HAM|LT TON CALLED
HOME FROM DkRDANELLES
Mnjor-General Charles Carmichael
MOnro Ordered to Take
Command There, ks.
WAR OFFICE ANNOUNCEMENT
Change Believed to BE Due to Qucs-
ton as to Whether Operations Were
Progressing In Way 10 Warrant
Their Continuation.

LONDON. October l9-Major -tencral
Charles Carmichael Monro has been ap-
pointed TO command the Dardanelles
expedition. in succession OF General Sir
Ian Hamilton, who is returning to
England to make report. This an
nouncencnt is made by the War Office.
Pending General Moaro's arrival at
Ga!lipo!i Major-Gencrnl William -.iddcl
Eirdwood VIII temporarily command
the troops.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-10-19
RESOURCES or ARMY
Al END OF SIN YEARS

Tor the urmy there wn,,ll ho. ,l,o
end OF six wears trained for. ~
200. 900 men. Including r,on,,r
army OF 10000. and the nronose,I ,nr.
tinental army and reserves. q rirr of
fuliy manned coast d,r,.nscs c,ui,,,o,
with In. largest ANA u,ost nov.n-fu,
guns ever bull, ANA ,,yt r,.o,,o ~
machines. howit.ers ana liz ,-r,
muuitlon. In addition. the .norn,ouslv
increased canacitv OF nrivntr nuni,,nn
plants would give ass,,r,nccs of ,,,,l.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
GARDEN TRUCK IN
GOOD CONDITION

Des Moines, July 14.-Weekly bull
letin OF the Iowa weather and crop
service for the week ending July IL,
1915:
Another cool. cloudy and wet week
has greatly retarded haying, harvest
ing and the cultivation Of corn, and
the wet weather and winds resulted
in considerable damage to standing
grain that Is ripe. The average tenn
perature was about degrees below
the normal and the rainfall was in
excess of the seasonal average in
nearly all parts of the state. The last
three days, however, were moderately
warm and more favorable for corn,
which is now making rapid growth,
although still small and late. Haying
and harvesting progressed in favored
localities, but over much of the win
ter wheat area the fields were too wet
and soft for working binders. Farm
ers are now resorting to cradles and
gasoline driven binders to save one OF
the largest wheat crops ever produced
in the state. Other small grains, are
filing we'll, but there is considerable
complaint Of rust in and lodging Of
oats. Early potatoes, garden truck
and pastures are in excellent condi-
tion.-Geo. M. Chapel, director.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
TT. MADISON BEING
BOTHERED WITH BUGS

TT. Madison, July lathe city OF
Fort Madison has been in the grasp
of one of the greatest invasions OF
bugs that has ever been noted here.
The bugs were of the Mormon fly
species The insects swept into the
city from somewhere Sunday evening
and within an hour after the start Of
their coming countless thousands had
made their advent into the city. They
made for the lights, and volumes Of
the winged creatures buzzed about the
lights in some sections, making the
street intersections really impossible.
The business district was the scene
Of the greatest invasion of the crea-
lures and their presence In such great
numbers drove many citizens to their
homes. The very sidewalks of the
east end of the city are carpeted with
the bodies of the creatures where they
were trodden on by pedestrians.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15

enjoying vacation trip through Texas
and southern points.
Rev. r. NJ Fenwick, 805 Wabash
avenue held quarterly meeting ser
vices over Sunday at Brighton.
Mrs. F. c. Stevens of Des Moines.
has returned home after visiting over
Sunday in Ottumwa.
Mrs. Sophia Gustavison. Oil East
Fourth street. has gone to Hedrick to
visit relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. Glen Higbee who have
been visiting at the home Of the form.
er's parents, Mr.. and Mrs. N. G. Hig-
bee. SO North Jefferson street, have
returned to their home in Dubuque.
Harold Hill has left for Cedar Rap
ids, where he has accepted position
for the summer.
Mrs. Jas. Frazee of Oskaloosa. who
has been visiting friends in Ottumwa,
has returned home.
Mrs. Henry Webster of Omaha,
spent Sunday in Ottumwa with rela-
tives, enroute to Dayton, O.
Mrs. G. B. Norris, north Of the city,
has gone to Sigourney to spend week
with relatives.
Mrs. P. E. Lartch Of Centerville. has
returned home after visiting in Ottum-
wa.
Mrs. J. N. Carlson has returned to
her home in Elmwood, ILL.,, after visit
ing relatives in OttumWa.
Mrs. Carl Fray Of Davenport, arrived
in the city to attend tho funeral Of l..
Dyson which was held Monday.
Mrs. Elmer Randall of Blakesburg,
who has been a patient in the Ottum-
wa hospital has returned home.
Mrs. M. s. Streeby, Az Center Ave-,
has gone to Joplin, Mo-, to visit rela-
uves.
Miss Nellie Farmer, s45 West Sec
ond street, has gone to Bear Creek to
visit relatives.
Mrs. Warren Lewis, and daughter,
Dorothy Dell, 1T East Court street,
have gone to Centerville to visit with
relatives.
Miss Eleanor Shanahan Of Whining
ton, N. c., left this morning for Chi
cago after visiting with her friend,
Miss Frances Greeley, 412 East Sec
ond street.
Miss Mary Hayes Of Mystic, has re-
turned home after spending Sunday in
Ottumwa with relatives.
Mrs. William Sweeney and son Will
liam of Red Lodge, Mont, have re-
turned home after visiting at the home
of the formers parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
John Feehan, 610 East Second street.
She was accompanied by her sister,
Miss Margaret Feehan who will make
an extended visit. ..
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
#. MADISON HAS
PERSISTENT THIEF
FOR PAST THREE OR FOUR YEARS
HAS MADE VISITS At
SAME HOME.

FIT. Madison, July Effort Madison
can we'll claim the honors of having
the boldest and most persistent thief
in it's midst that has yet come to the
attention of police authorities. The
thief is one who for the past three or
four years has made periodical visits
to the home of Mrs. Lucy McCready,
1928 Fifth street. and at each visit has
been discovered but seems so assured
OF his safety that he continues to rob
while the occupants of the home stand
and berate him for his conduct. He
has made just three visits to the home
in the past three nights and IN each
case has been discovered. His 'swag
always consists of products of fruit
trees, vegetable plants in the yard.
He seldom takes anything else but
cleans up on that.
Three years ago he made his first
visit, gathering up the beans IN the
vines in the yard. He came the night
later and gathered most of the fruit
from a tree and then returned the
next evening and got what he left.
Two years ago he made several ev-
ening visits to the home with the
same result. This season he followed
his usual practice.
Last night he just about cleaned
up on an apple tree. Is he coming
back tonight?
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
HAS SENSATIONAL
ESCAPE FROM DEATH

Glenwood. July 14.-Frank A. Deer
wester Of Glenwood had a narrow and
sensational escape from death or seri-
Gus injury. Working near the roof In
the rear of the Lamb building, the
ladder resting on the narrow landing
leading to the Masonic hall slipped
and in falling he grasped the goose
neck supporting the electric light,
from which he was unable to break
his hold. His body falling loosened
his grasp and he fortunately was
caught by the narrow porch and saved
long fall. His hand Is blistered from
the current which is the only evidence
of his remarkable escape, although he
was unconscious for time. The lad
der on which he was working was
quite wet and with the porch and wall
furnished tho ground"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
ESTHERVILLE WILL
HAVE WOMAN COP

Estherville, July 1.-THE Woman's
Purity league of Estherville has ar
ranged to put on lady cop to do duty
on the streets Of Estheryille during
the next three months. The new Of
ficer is to watch particularly after the
enforcement Of the curfew ordinance
and her duties will practically conflne
her operations to the lovers lanes and
shady hooks where young lovers are
wont to congregate on the moonlight
evenings, much to the disgust OF tho
older generation whose dispositions
have soured from dyspepsia or lack Of
personality which would have won for
them in their youth the attentions
which they now want to deny the
youngsters. However, there Is no
doubt but that, properly handled, the
new position will be for the general
good of the city and 1t has the approx
al of the mayor and city council as
we'll as the general public.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
kE0KUK HAS HER
. STREETS TO FIX
CITY EXPECTS TO HAVE TO
SPEND $1,000 TO GET THEM
IN SHAPE.

Keokuk, July 14-Seven thousand
dollars must be spent Immediately by
the city in repairing the damage done
to the city streets caused by rains in
the last few weeks The rain last
Saturday, continuing only about twen'
ty-f1ve minutes, caused damage esti'
mated at $4,000 to the streets alone.
The problem of repairing these
streets was taken up by the city coun'
Gil and 1t was decided to start imme-
diately putting the streets back In
shape.
The damage hits the city a hard
blow at this time. The fund in the
treasury for street improvement is low
at this time, so low that such work
which the council was DESTROYS Of un'
dertaking could not be done this year.
Many streets recently improved
were among those which suffered
heavy damage by the rains. Tons OF
newly placed macadam were washed
off the streets, deep ruts were made
in countless places, cutters were bad.
ly damaged and sewers filled with ma
terial washed from the streets.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
ONLOOKERS HAVING
TROUBLE AT CHURCH

Sioux City, July 14.-Cat calls were
uttered, threats were made. stones
were hurled and a revolver was drawn
in a tangle Of Free Methodists and IT.
reverent onlookers at meeting when
was conducted on the grounds of the
north school, South Sioux City, by
Rev. AT. Sager, evangelist. Trouble
started when green apples were
thrown into the tent and the crowd
gathered without commenced to )eer
the sneaker. He then addressed the
moh and asked them to move farther
away. Upon their refusal he asked FOR
volunteers and started out to take
the names Of the people without with
a view to arresting them later: The
crowd mistook his intentions and rush.
ed the tent. Investigations are prom
ised as the affair is said to have been
brewing for weeks. 49,.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
DIXIE GIVES WAY;
TOWN is FLOODED

St. Joseph, Mo-, July 14.-The flood
situation at Corning, Mo-, where
dixie protecting the town from the
Tarkio river broke late yesterday, fore
ing the inhabitants to seek the high
places, was more serious today. The
dyke, one mile long, has been washed
away and water is pouring into every
building nearby.
Those of the inhabitants who did not
fee to the hills yesterday have con-
gregated in upper stories of buildings
and many families have taken refuge
In the opera house.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
KEEPER
HELD FOR CRIME

Des Moines, July 14.-Edward Veg
ener, former Valley Junction saloon
list, gave himself up to the authorities
here Tuesday, to answer to charge
of robbery and kidnapping. He had
been missing since October IA, 1914,
on which date he is alleged to have
robbed Charles Ashworth, wealthy
citizen of Valley Junction, after kid
mapping him.
Wegener was arraigned and pleaded
not guilty in the district court and was
then released on bond Of $1,000.
f. According to the confession OF
Frank Lavelle, now serving twenty
years in the penitentiary at Fort Mad
ison for the crime, Wegener and La
yelle enticed Ashworth into vacant
room above a Valley Junction restau.
rant and there attempted to extort
IS, 900 from him by forcing him to
write check for that amount.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
BECOMES DIZZY;
FALLS INTO WATER

Upton, July Gail Bolton, l6-
wear old son of Mr.. and Mrs. Sherman
Bolton, living four miles south OF TIP
ton. was drowned while bathing IN
Sugar creek. The drowning occurred
shortly after the boy had entered the
water in company with his brother
and two other companions.
Much alarmed at young Borton's
sudden disappearance under tho
water, the three boys fastened to sum-
mon help, but the body was not recov-
cred for several hours. The remains
were recovered from three feet OF wa
ter, and the drowning in such depth
would indicate that the boy had been
overcome by spell of dizziness, to
which he had been subject.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
VICTIM OF WRECK BURIED.

Iowa City, July 14.-The body Of
Fred E. Wray, custodian of Midriver
park and we'll known farmer, who was
fatally injured on the Iowa City-Cedar
Rapids interurban tracks, when a car
hit his auto, July S, and who died in a
Cedar Rapids hospital four days later,
was brought to the Wray home, near
North Liberty and the funeral held
there. Mr.. Wray was member of
the Iowa City Odd Fellows and Elks
lodges, and many of his brothers of
these societies went to the country
home to the services. Rev. Mr.. Kren-
mire conducted the ceremonies. Man
ager E. P. Reynolds of the Standard
Oil Co., at Cedar Rapids, a Kenwood
park man, who was hurt at the same
time, is recovering rapidly in the hos
pital.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
ALBA.

o.. judge Mitchell of Ottumwa was II
Abba Monday attending to legal busl'
ness.
day with his daughter Mrs. Arthur
Lewis.
Miss Hazel McClanahan will arrive
for a. visit with her brother and family
Mrs. Heaton has been In Abba tn
past week a guest Of Mrs. Franz
Springer. ~.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jerry Wilcox Of Lovilis
were Abba visitors the last or the
week. -...'..-. =,
John A. Wilson has returend to his
home In WOODBURY. after pieasan,
visit with relatives and MS ola tlme
friends in Abba.
Mrs. C. w. Bailey returend recently
from Kansas City, Kans.
Miss Jenkins Of Russell was IN AIDE
Tuesday on business.
Kenneth Anderson of Knoxville Wis
tied with Abba relatives last week.
Mrs. 8. D. Wait Of Abba Is visiting
relatives in Ottumwa this week
Earl Wheeler Of Charlton spent
Sunday with friends in Abba.
Martin Hunter of Charlton was WISH
ing friends here Sunday.
Mr.. Rees of Abba was visiting with
friends in Des Molnes Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbur Bass OF Oska'
loosa, after pleasant visit at the ]. 8
Moore home.
Aldebert Holbrook Of Abba had
very bad accident Monday. He fell ou
of a tree and broke his wrist and re-
ceived other injuries.
MT. and Mrs. Howard .Ulrich Of Cen.
teryille were guests Of Mrs. Margaret
Baker and Miss Belle Hunter Tuesday
Mrs. S. A. Twinan who has been Wis
iting her daughter Mrs. T, w. Evans
returned to her home on South Thire
street the first Of the week.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
WATER HIGH AT kEOKUk.

Keokuk, July 14:-There is an i'm
mense amount of debris coming down
the river at the present time, indica'
tive Of some high water to the north.
There was constant procession OF
logs and other debris down the river
Yesterday and today. 1t has been found
necessary to open more than the usual
number Of gates on the dam to keep
the stage of the river proper. There
was rise of 2.5 at Keokuk In the
last twenty-four hours. The river
stage Is now 1O.5.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
CHARGE ICE CREAM
HAS BEEN IMPURE

Muscatine. July 14.-Charged with
violating the Iowa pure food law.
Robert Klotz Of West Liberty, a we'll
known restaurant proprietor. has
been placed under arrest. Constable
Thompson of this city brought Klotz
to Muscatine. The prisoner furnished
cash bond Of 500 for his appearance
before Justice J. A. Rowan.
Klotz is accused of having sold i'm
pure ice cream. County Attorney c.
r. Stafford is expected to prosecute
the case
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-07-15
FAIRFIELD HELPS
TO BOOST COUNTY
SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE III
CITY'S POPULATION Is AID
TO TOTALS.

Fairfield, July 14.-Thanks to the
substantial increase in the population
of Fairfield, Jefferson county shows
a 1,O05 gain in population over the
1910 census. The county now has
1886. while five years ago the fig.
ures were 1881. Fairfield then nad
a recorded population Of 1870, which
is LAO less than the present hgures'
and it is therefore evident that the
rural population has somewhat de-