davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-13

WILL INTERN ALIENS.
LONDON, May 13.-Premier As
auth announced in The house OF COM
mons this afternoon that all adult
alien enemy males will be interned.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-13

..s.c,Ibers Of the Daily Gate Giey
-. served the full Leased wire serv-
~ tho United Press ASSOCIATIONS
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
BASKET BALL GAME
AT THE COLLEGE FRIDAY.

Hickman College basket ball
girls will play a similar team iron
Carr Institute at Fulton, a match
game at the Library grounds FRI
day afternoon, and everybody is
invited.
The Hickman girls have been
working hard TO learn the fine
points of the game, and have pro
crossed wonderfully under the
instruction of Miss Rubye Elem
ing. Basket ball is practically
new in Hickman, but is reeogniz-
ed by all colleges as the best ex-
ercise for school girls.
Attend the game Friday and
root for the home team" Ad-
mission 25c.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
CAYCE NEWS

Mrs. Wyatt johnson and Mrs.
Fred Harpole were in Union City
Thursday II. Mayes has
returned from a several days Wis
1t with her daughter, Mrs. V.
Lawrence, of Jackson Mr. and
Mrs. Henry Burns and Mr.. and
Mrs. Hugh Cruise attended the
play at Moscow Saturday night
Misses Annie and Allie Thomas
visited their brother, David Thorn
as, of Fayetteville, Ark, who was
the guest OF his sister, Mrs. Jim
Seay, Sunday.-David Mayes was
in Hickman Friday.-Chas. Cole
man attended the Culpepper sel-
vices Thursday at Fulton. Mr..
and Mrs. Rob johnson spent Sat
urday and Sunday with Mr. and
Mrs. Albert Roper.-Mr. and Mrs.
{. A. Bondurant visited Mr. and
Mrs. Will Brown Sunday Lit
tie Miss Frances Alexander spent
Saturday and Sunday with Mrs.
Pearl Alexander, of near Crutch-
field.-Arch Oliver and family
spent Saturday and Sunday with
Mrs. Lon Alexander, OF near
Crutchfield.-Mrs. VIII SOwell
visited S. 4. Johnson and fami-
ly Sunday Miss Myrtle Burnett,
of near Fulton, visited Mrs.
Chas. Bondurant Sunday. - Mr.
and Mrs. c. A. Coleman visited
friends in Fulton Sunday and
Monday.-,Ioe Wall returned HON
Monday from Buckhorn, Ky. -
s. w. Wilkins was in Fulton Sat
urday.-Alr. and Mrs. Walter
Bondurant visited relatives here
Tuesday - Almus Wall was in
Hickman Sunday.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29

Judge Stair was in Fulton
yesterday
Miss Florence Barry has been
on the sick list.
Mrs. j. o. West was in Union
City Wednesday
Atty. NJ. Is Shaw has moved
his office over Lelbovitz 5 store.
Plant Chief Gardner, of the
Cumb Tele. Co, is here from Pa
ducah today.
Miss Florence Chetister was
the guest of Miss Mary Maddox,
at Woodland Mills, this week.
Mrs. James Cunningham and
children, of Union City, are visit
ing her father, j. j. c. Bondurant
and family.
Mrs. c. l.. Clark and daughter,
Aileen, and Miss Martha Barrett
spent Saturday and Sunday with
Mrs. Clark S parents.
Agent w. +. Mcclure, of the
Lee Line, who has pneumonia,
rested better last night, but is
still very low
Up to the present, there has
been less rain than any April in
many years. With the exception
OF Texas, this applies TO the en-
tire country.
Buying cheap shoes to save
money is like stopping a clock to
save time. Buy Walk-Overs and
you will save both time ami
Oney.-LeibOvitz.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29

Miss Bonnie Carpenter was IN
Union City Wednesday.
Jerome Henderson, of Mengel.
wood, spent Sunday with his fam
lily.
Ernest Dobson has returned
from the wholesale markets at
Nashville and St. Louis.
Miss Cecil Wright returned
home Monday after a visit TO her
uncle, Lester Wright, of Cairo.
Mrs. Bailey Huddleston and
children returned home Tuesday
after visit TO friends in Mem
phis
Mrs. X. n. Cldred. of Flint,
Mich, is spending a few weeks
with home folks, l.. A. Brock and
family
Mrs. j. A. Thompson and
daughter, Miss Bessie, Mrs. X. l..
Bradley and Miss Matte DeBOw
spent Tuesday in Union City.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29

W J Barry was at Phillippy
Tuesday on business
Marshall Parks. wife and little
daughter spent Sunday and Mon
day at Dyersburg
W j Logan has returned from
"a business trip 10 Mckenzie and
Huntingdon. Tenn.
DR. Joe Luten aud wife, OF Full
ton, attended the funeral OF Gen.
III A. Tyler Tuesday
A big bunch of real salisfac-
uon awaits you IN a new pair OF
Walk over ONforls -Leibovitz
DR.. d Y Thomas, Of Fayett-
vile. Ark, spent Saturday and
Sunday with his sister. Mrs. J j.
seay
W. II Brock, Of Lexington.
Ky, spent Tuesday aud Wednes-
day with his father, L. A Brock,
aud family
walk.0yer Shoes have the
style, Quality aud Comfort that
men OF today demand ia foot
wear See the new styles at Lei.
boyltz Live Store
Manager Warner, Of the Pub
lie Service Co, runs big adj this
week that should interest every
house wife in Hickman JOIN the
Don't Worry in Hot Weather
Club, DO 1t electrically.
Mrs c. l.. Walker. Mrs W J.
Barry, Misses Leah aud Florence
Barry, Lydia Harrison and Lyle
Reid. Clyde Perry, Sam Barry
ana Ben walker composed a
fishing party at Handy Pond on
Tuesday
The residence Of h. {. Mat
son. southeast OF town. caught
fire last Friday morning and
wodld have been destroyed but
for the timely arrival of ID H.
Foombs and son, who eXtinguish
"a the flames
II T. Newly. representing the
Kentucky Rural Credit Associa-
ton, was IN town last Saturday
and informs us that he had a mum.
Der OF inquiries about his propo-
siuon His plan, which in
nutshell is a sort of Building and
Loan proposition has the endorse
ment OF the three last presi
dents, and bankers all over the
state have approved il.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
WHY NOT COOPERATE?

Why not get your Ice in the
morning when the Ice wagon pa's
Is your door, Don I overlook the
fact that the ice man is human
like yourself, aud that extra
trips aud unnecessary work in the
heat of the day are as hard for
HIM as your own house work
would be for you If you had to
do II after II becomes too hot
for comfort
Why delay the ice man while
you hunt your purse only to find
that you haven I the change, re-
sulting in still more delay This
only means increased labor for
the lee man. dissatisfaction on
your part and dissatisfaction on
the part Of your neighbor whose
Ice delivery is delayed Ask the
driver for an Ice book and save
10 per cent IN your cost for lee
Leave your Ice book near the re-
frigeratOr and instruct the ice
man TO leave you the Ice you
want on the day you want il, and
to detach the equivalent number
of coupons as the lee is deliver
ed to you.
No trouble for the Ice man. no
trouble for you
Result Everybody satisfied.
While they last, an attractive
and serviceable Ice pack will be
given free with each first pur
chase OF an lee coupon book.
Don't wait too long, make sure
of your today
Public Service Company of
Western Kentucky, Incorporated.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
AMBITIOUS PLAN.

VN'IIEN was born | will admit
w My parents had the best OF IT,
For they had axe and | had none
That handicap would weigh a toni
But II did not discourage me.
l straightway set my goal TO be
The time when | could proudly say
That I was just as old as theyl
THE odds are SIN enormous. but
The lead they had I've neatly cut
The ratio 'tw.xt their age and mine
Shows a sensational decline.
And. though the ratio az which J gain
Does not he Old time speed maintain.
Ny spirit is as eager yet
A. when In youth the task ! set
CINCE I've 10 well begun the task
- one Httle boon Of fate ! ask
Il Is that we live long enough
To prove that am OF the stun
To whittle down tho ratio til
II has become exactly NIL
And all the difference clear
And make n wholly dlaappearl
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
END OF MILITARlsM.

When the mass murders OF
the insane soldiery are done
there will be a day Of reckoning
for kings Civilization Is In ira
vail. A new child Is about to en-
ter the human family. II will
be more enlightened than It's
elder brothers aud will advance
the cause OF all mankind Its
mother. European monarchy,
may pay for IT, advent with her
own life. or she may drag along
for a time In invalidism. but her
end Is not far distant.
The people ~ "A whole hate
war. Their being forced into II
will drive ont of the minds all
vestigc Of devotion 20 monarch.
The time Is not remote when
miiltarism Will end aud wars
cease. The misses are already
Of mind to strip autocrats Of
their power 20 send armies to
death aud countries to ruin
Danish Democrat.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
CoZZIE ALLEN DEAD.

Cozzie Allen, age SO, former
ly of Hickman, died OF tubercu-
losis at his home in Paducah yes
terday. He was a son of Frank
Allen, and was known here 10
MS friends as PIE" Allen. Will
Caldwell, a cousin, left today 10
attend the funeral.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
WAR PICTURES AT
CRYSTAL THIS WEEK.

West Il Wright, managers OF
the Crystal, have secured some
war pictures taken by the staff
photographer OF the Chicago Tri.
bune, and will show them at their
theatre tomorrow and Saturday
The Metropolitan press speak
very highly Of these pictures,
claiming that they are positively
taken ON the battleiields Of
Europe.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
WILL SHOW WILLARD.

The Empress will show next
Monday night jess Willard. M,
worlds heavy weight champion
the man who whipped Jazz
johnson, in moving pictures
Who Pays" will hereafter b-
given on Saturday instead Of
Friday. Each picture complete ia
three reels.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29

Hickman truck growers report
their crops coming along in fine
shape-especially cabbage and
tomatoes. A little rain at this
time would be very beneficial -
not only TO truck, but all crops.
First in quality, comfort, style
and neutrality-suspicious. Shoes.
-LeibOvitz.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29

Alvin Threlkeld has typhoid
fever and is dangerously i'll. a
trained nurse arrived from Nash
vile this morning to attend him.
Mrs. Jno. W. Ballow, who is Ill
at her home near Hickman, Is
very low and all hope of her re
covery has been abandoned.
Hon. II. II. Cherry has with
drawn from the governor s race.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29

We. W.o. Johnson and " q. Reed. wee
President and Cashier Of the abose
named Bank. do soiomnly sWeAf that the
aboye statement l. true 10 the ucst oi our
6nowlsdEo and belief
" q. IoHSros Vice Prest.
e. REEp. Cashier
Subscribed aud svoru to ueiore me this
18th day Of April lsia
Ny commission expires January d. isls
". q. HELa.
tsEALi Notary Public
Correct-Attsa.
II. l.. AMHFHa
n. q SCfffrNKEn } Directors
]. !. SfTruENH
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
IA II II q Ia II
of the condition Of
HICKMAN BANK & TRUST CO.

se.ag business At she town OF Hickman
County OF Fulton. state Of kentucky.
~ the close Of business on the i5th. DAY OF
April lpl5
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29

loses all her WEAKNESS of body
aud mind after a dish of our ia
nous Ice cream. On your next
shopping tour stop in and try it
yourself II is so refreshing, so
delicious. What is more il is the
stylish thing 10 do Note the
people you see here.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29

HOLSTERS, shrimps and tuna az
Ezell q.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29
WEATHER.

Fair tonight and Friday
cooler tonight,
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-04-29

Public Service Company Of
Western Kentucky, Incorporated.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
BRITISH BUILDING FIVE
 ZEPPELIN DESTROYERS.
New Type of AirshiP to Protect London
 from Air Raids.

New York. Feb. 5.-Five Zeppelin de- stroyers-ai irships constructed along ne wlines--are now being built near London for protection against threat ened air raids along the British coast, according to announcement today by Thomas Rutherford Macmachen. presi- dent of the Aeronauucal society of America. who arrived here last night from Liverpool.
 My Investigations lead me to believe that recent air raids on British cities were in the nature of tryouts for the large sZeppelins,'' Mir. Macmacien said. "The dropping of small bombs and projectiles in an apparently promiscu- ous manner was not done with the idea of taking lives or of producing dama ging results. am convinced that it was 8 preliminary move to 9 more serious raid, when heavier pro- jectiles will be used.
 Announcement by Germany of an impending blockade of British and French ports also bears out the belief that air craft will be used in con junction with submarine attacks on shipping.
 Mir. Macmachen declined to describe in detail the Zeppelin destroyers, but said they would be faster than Zeppe- lins, smaller, easier to navigate and would fire aerial torpedoes.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
coM5ATs CONTINUE WITH
 WORKMANSHIP VfGOR
Along the 5zura and RawLa Rivers
 With Russians Aggressive.

Petrograd, Feb. 5.--The following official communication from the gen eral staff of the Russian army was is sued tonight:
 "The combats on the Bzura and Raw ka rivers continue with undiminished energy. Our troops began ali offensive movement, cross the BzuTa. near the mouth, captured 9 portion of the enc rly's position near DakhoVa and dis lodged the Germans from their bridge head in the vicinity of B0rjimow, Gounine and Wola Szydlowiecka our attacks alternated necessarily with those of the enemy under an unbroken artillery fire.
 'On the remainder of the left bank Of the Nistula. front, south of the SlIierniefice- Warsaw railway, the artil- lery firing has diminished somewhat.
 We blew up a bridge on the Nida which had been constructed by the enemy near the village of Gerniki and repulsed attempts by the enemy to launch an offensive on the Nida near Rembowo and on the bank of the Dounaietz opposite the bridge head at Conar.
 'In the northwest Carpathians in the direction Of Oujok we continued the of fensive and took as many as 5000 prisoners. To the southeast of Oujol1 we are still being submitted to very high pressure by the enemys forces. 5
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06

Operations in the western theatre Sf war being confined mainly to In- decisive artillery duels, interest IS cen tered in the desperate conflict which Is west of Warsaw in Poland.
 Directly to the west of Warsaw the Russians have assumed the offensive end claim to have crossed the Bzura river and to have taken some of the German positions south Of Sochaczew. Immediately 60 the southwest is the reinforced army of Field Marshall Won Hindenourg, who is hurling his forces furiousiy against the Russian lines in another attempt te drive his way through to Warsaw, the goal which he has long sought.
 The assault led by Gen. Von linden burg has resulted in one Of the most furious battles fought since the begin ming of the war. Only ue3gre news las been received to indicate the trend of this conflict. Both sides claim sue cesse@, but the reports do not indicate that there has he sn any decisive turn in the engagement.
 Tie latest German official statement refers to the operations in the west as co1gf7S5Glg Tl7siszig' CT artillery duels. French artGSe-y ras cone some very effective work in the valley of the Aisne. Tn tllS campaign to the north Of SeAueeSoUs the allies made some slight progTST9 Thursday night. Al Alsaca. ssTs tpe Trench statement, a German attack to the south of Alt Erch was reEul5e6.
 4 despatch from Geneva, says that Gen. Won Bardungea, staff commander of the German cEeratiOnS in Lower AIsace, has been forced to move his headquarters from a place near Alt EiTch to hTueIle.Esen. owing to a. bonn bsrdmsI by allied aviators. State papers and valuable are being removed from Mue1hausen to F'reiburg, it is said
 The Overseas News Agency of Ser lin says that second German war loan pr0patHy will be issued the first os March on favorable terms as it is asserted the condition of the money market is exceptionally good.
 The British government has accept ed an offer by Australia, to furnish another axped1honary force of 10000 men. This force is fin addition to the endorsements of 4.000 men provided monthly,
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
TWO CHINAMEN ARE
 ELECTRocUTED AT SING SING.
Both Members of the Hip Sing Tong Killed Leader of the On Leong Tong.

Ossining, N. Y. Feb. 5-Lee Dock and Eng Hing, Chinese, were put to death in the electric chair at Sing Sing prison early today.
 Both men were members Of the Hip Sing Tong. They were convicted of the murder of Lee Kay, the aged leader of the On Leong Tong. The murder occurred Feb. II. 1912 during a tong war in New York city, and followed the murder of Hip Pon Sing, a Hip Sing member. It was brought out at the trial that Lee Dock and Eng Hing were delegated to carry out 6, decree of the Hip Sing Tong that Tom Lee, head of the On Leong Tong, himself should pay the penalty for Hip Sings murder. Tom Lee, however, escaped, and Lee Kay, his bodyguard, received the bull lets intended for the rival tong leader
 Warden Thomas Mott Osborne, who is opposed to capital punishment was absent from the prison when the exe- cutons occurred.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
CABINET DISCUSSES GERMAN
 SHIPPING PROCLAMATION
Declaring as War Zones Waters Around British Isles and the North and West Coasts of France.

Washington, Feb. 5.-President Will son and his cabinet today discussed the possible effects on neutral shipping of the German proclamation declaring a 8 naval war zones the water areas sur rounding Great Britain and Ireland and bordering the north and west coasts of France and a portion of the Neither lands.
 InasnaUch as the text of the Germap n adTniralty's proclamation has not arr rived, no conclusions were reached and no consensus Of opinion developed as to what diplomatic steps should be taken by the United States government. should the communication fail to ar rive by tomorrow. Acting Secretary Lansing will direct Ambassador Girard at Berlin to make the customary in quiry at the German foreign office as to the authenticity of the published re- port.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
FRENCH OFFICIAL
 BUDGET OF WAR NEWS.
HostiiI Aairrnan Dropped Bombs Upon
 St. Die-Four Civilians Killed.

Paris, Feb. 5, 1.SO p. na.-T1e French official communication made public to- night says:
 During the night of February 4-5 some German contingents endeavored but without success to advance from their trenches before Notre Dame De Loret6
 Our artillery has done some very ef- fective shooting in the valley of the Aisne.
 Tn Champagne. to the north of Beausejour, our troops made some slight progress during the night To the north of Massfges the enemy be- gan an attack during the day of Fri day which was repelled
 Tn the Argonne we have consoltlat- ed our position on the ground which we captured February 4, at BagatelIe
 'In Aisace a German attack to the south of -Altkirch was repuIsed-
 An aviator dropper several bombs upon St Die, and it is reported that four civilians were killed-''
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
ALLEGED CONSPIRACY
 IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
For Removal of Supt. Bancroft of the
 State Hospital.

Concord, N IT, Feb. 5.-A political conspiracy involving Dr. Edgar O. Crossnan, and certain republican leaders, was responsible for the at tempt to remove Superintendent Charles P. Bancroft of the New HaLnp- shire State hospital, in the opinion of William J. Ahearn, minority member of the state board of control expressed to the special commission of inquiry today, Dr. Crossman had been selected to succeed Dr. Bancroft
 Former Governor Samuel D. Felker Uital was needed. nd to effect it, the removal of Bancroft was necessary.
 General Frank s. Streetef, counsel for Bancroft, said the latter had been forced to assume authority or close the state hospital.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06

against each of the q deputies. Two of he 19 men who were shot died of their injuries and each of the prisoners was indicted in connection with the death of each striker.
 Sheriff Exonerated.
 4 presentment exonerating the county, Edward Houghton, for en- pIoying the guard as deputies, was re- turned. No mention was made of Jo- seph A Hermann, mayor of Roose- welt, whose alleged failure to take ac- ton in connection with the gather ing of strikers was caId to the at tention of the grand jury by Supreme Court Justice Bergen, who delivered the charge.
 State CorstabuIary Recommended
 The grand jury. in its presentment, states that the sheriff, in employing the armed deputies and placing hem as guards. simply followed the custom and did what any sensible man would do. The establishment in New Jersey of q state consta bulary similar to that in Pennsylvania is advocated in the presentment.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
VIII Steamer Ravahoe Be Allowed to
 Proceed?

Copenllagen, Denmark, Feb. 5, via London 745 ?. m.-Inasmuch as the the exportation of cotton from Den mark is prohibited question has arisen whether the steamship Maya hoe which was lowed into EsbJerg aft CT having grounded on the bar, will be permitted to proceed to Bremen with her cargo of cotton. The Arneri- can consul general is endeaToring to procure the consent of the Danish government to the forwarding of this cargo.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
52 Indictments
 for 26 Deputies
CHARGING MURDER FOR SHOOT
 ING ROOSEVELT, N. J. STRIKERS
ALL IN JAIL BUT ONE
The Grand Jury in Its Presentation Recommends the Establishment of 8 State constabuIary.

New Brunswick, N, J., Feb. 5.-EIf- ty-two~ indictments charging murder were returned this afternoon by the MiddleseX county grand jury against twenty-siX deputies in connection with the shooting of nineteen strikers at Roosevelt, \. J., January 19. One of the twenty-six indicted men is still at large. Of twenty-seven in jail two. John H. Nolan and Frank CoyIe. were discharged from custody, no indict- ments having been found against them.
 Two indictments Against Each of 24
 Two indictments were returned
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
AMERICAN GRAIN BEING
 DETAINED AT GENOA,
At the Present Time There Are No
 Less Than Forty Cargoes There.

Paris. Feb. 5.-From Switzerland has come complaint that American grain reaching the harbor of Genoa is often detained many weeks before it can be transhipped and sent on to it's destination. At the present time there are no less than forty cargoes of grain worth about $12, ,o00 awaiting to be unloaded at Genoa These in c1ude 25 shiploads from the United States and l0 from South America. The greater part of the grain is bound for Italy, but there are four cargoes of wheat whose destination is Switzer- land.
 The machinery and other means for unloading at Genoa are insufficient. Cargoes coming into port now must wait in warehouses until the middle of March.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
GERMANS FIGHTING
 TO GAIN WARSAW
Are Hurting Masses of Troops Against Russians in
 Furious Attempt to Break Through
ONE OF THE MOST DEADLY BATTLES OF THE WAR

Both Sides Claim Successes But There is Nothing to Indicate That There Has Been any Decisive Turn the Engage nent-French War Office Says That the French Artillery Has Done Some Effective Work in the Valley of the Aisne-Gernan Official Statement Refers to the Opera tons in Flanders and France Consisting Mainly of Artillery DueIs-A Dispatch From Geneva Asserts That the German Staff Commander Has Been Forced to Move His Headousrters From Place Near Akirch to Muel- hausen.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-06
DEATH OF PROMINENT
 MEMBER OF MYSTIC SHRINE
Fred A. Hines of Los Angeles. Past
 Imperial Pctentate.

Scranton, Pa, Feb. Erred D. Hines of Los Angeles, Calif., past imperial potentate of the Nobles Of the Mystic Shrine, died here today after an ill., ness of three weeks from a compli- cation of diseases. He held the inn perial potentete chair from April 12 1910 to July 12, 1911