New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-08-31
A Mans a Man for A. That and SO Is q
Woman a Woman, Says q Noted
Russian Jew of Americans.
Am Industrial Expert Finds the
Men and Women Of His
Country More Comra d ely
and Less Self-COnsciOus.

do so at nominal salary, or even for
nothing. So she is going home, unsuc-
cessful."
The emancipation OF the Russian
woman, or the woman movement in
Russia, said Professor Hourwich, dates
from the liberation Of serfs in 1861.
"Serfdom having formed the ground
work Of the Russian economic system"
he said "the cd order of things passed
away and there followed great intel
lectual revival, with n spreading Of
radical ideas among the middle classes
as we'll as among the lower noblemen
With the exception of the wealthiest
class, Russian families found their
only practical source Of income in the
serfs and this, with sweep of the
hand. was gone. The women of the
time were invariably prospective
wives and mothers. Ii was said that
their education was Of three kinds:
French, piano, embroidery; piano, en-
broidery, French; embroidery, French,
admirably under conditions Of serf
labor, but under the new condition men,
deprived of the major part Of their in
come, were unable to plan for homes,
and the women were thus confronted
with the choice of becoming parasites
or earning their own living. The in
dustry of Russia was such, at the time,
that the few clerical positions which
existed were already filled by men.
Manual labor women would not and
could not perform, so the only careers
that seemed open TO them were in the
professions.
AN 1862. therefore, women were ad-
mitted for the first time 20 the Univer-
sity of st. Petersburg but only for a
short time. Universities being under
government control, then as to-day, it
was decided that the presence of wom-
en- there was prejudical to good morals
and order"
Why" he was asked.
First" he replied. because the
women students insisted on cutting of
their hair. which shocked the men. The
images of the saints had long tresses. so
had their grandmothers, and it seemed
like an outrage against nature for
women to walk about with cropped
hair"
Another reason for women being re-
fused university training, said Profess
sor Hourwich, was that it was the
time Of George Sand and free love.
which was brought against the radical
women. though as a matter of fact free
love in the true sense was not preva-
lent.
THE real circumstances were that
the intellectual group was slowly get
ting out Of the clutches Of the estao-
lished Church and marrying under a
civil ceremony, which was not recog-
nized unless sanctitied by the clergy
Anywhere else it would have been easy
for man and a woman under such
conditions to live together in a digni-
fed relationship without neighbors be-
ing aware of any irregularity in their
compliance with the Church laws. Not
so in our country The Russian, you
know. consists Of body. soul and pass
port, and the Russian landlord may
not take a tenant without first sending
his passport for approval to the local
authorities. In the case of married
couple, therefore, the certificate of the
Church would have to accompany the
passport: otherwise the authorities