davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
Constable.

The Graphic is authorized to an- nounce MT Frank Stewart as can didate for constable of Vaugine Town ship, subject to the action cS the Dem ocractic Primary, November s, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
Sheriff and CoyIacfor..

The Graphic is anthomzef to an- nounce Mir R. H. Williams as a tan- didate for reelection Reinforcement term for +Slferiff and Gollector of Jefferson County, subject to the ac- ton of the Democratic Primary, Mo- vember s. 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09

date fer reelection as county sur veyor, subject to the actien of the Democratic Primary November s, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09

The Graphic is authorized to an- nounca l. F. Magee as a candidate for representative or Jefferson county in the general assembly, subject to the action of the Democratic Primary, No- vember 3, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
County Clerk,

The Graphic is authorized to an- nounce Mr. Curran M Nichol as a candidate for reelection for County Clerk of Jefferson County, subject to the action of the Democratic Primary, November B, 1al3 |
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
Gtata Senaia.

The Graphic is authorized to an- nounce Mr w. B. Sorrells as a candl- date for State Senator from Jeffer- son County subject to the action of the Democratic Primary, November 8, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
RaDreseatatiYa.

The Graphic is authorized to an nounce MT. C. A. Newton as a candi- date for Representative of Jefferson County, subject to the action of the Democratic Primary, November S. 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09

The Graphic is authorized to an nonnce MT. D. B. Niven as a candidate for Representative from Jefferson County, subject to the action of the Democratic Primary, November 8, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09

The Graphic gladly publishes free of charge notices for churches, socie- ties, fraternal organizations and clubs when the events are not intend a as money-makers. If there is at tempt at proft-taking, notices of the events are advertisements, and will ba charged for accordingly.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
FIRST ESSENTIAL OF MORE
 AkM MAMENES.

RsfoEe the United states spes ir for fleet SC numerous that it vii!
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
NHrN1Xsli'n-

The Graphic is authorized to an ncunce MT. !. R. White ar 8 candi-
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09

The Graphic is authorized to an nounce NIT. 4. W. Lowe IS candl- date for reelection for County Super .intendent of Schools, subject to the action of the Democratic Primary November &, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
TAuORS SAY. "M0sT
 DEF IEHTETL"

lost tailors sufeer from constipa- tlo--. C. W. Roberson, Wichita Falls, Texas, says; T find Foley Cathartc Tablets the most delightful, cleansing cathartic 1 have eyer taken" They keep the stomach sweet and liver ac- tive, and drive away biliousness, hloating, headache, dulIness and ether results of clogged bowels. Mann Pharmacy.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
ANNOUNCEMENTS.
CnuntY Superintendent.

The Graphic s al1thorlzed to dII- neurca. Prof. F. Garland May as q candidate. for County Superintendent of Schools of Jeff rson county, sup feet to the action of the Democratic primary, November 8, 1915. ~
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
nas~r,A5s-- ->7-~r>'>A-s

TN7r Ss,.;--.-,.a,-,sF,y aa taa pel4ilsd sta1l.S of a tree Ill BrittCa Gu;lzia sa hald to iialGify lhs spot ss the Garden or Eden. The absanoe of 3 fossilizad 5er pant, however, leaves tae proof tncon slata.--Na~ York World
 .r- la
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-10-09
CnnniY I1.aaSurnH.

County Treasufer-
 The Graphic is authorized to an- noInce MT. John H. Shelby as a can didate for County Treasurer Of Jef- ferson County, subject to the action of the Democratic Primary, NoTem- Der 8, 1915.
 The Graphic is authorized to an nounce Mir. Frank Franey as can didate for County Treasurer Of Jef- ferson County, subject to the action Of the Democratic Primary. Novem- Der 5, 1915.
 2 The Graphic is authorized to an nounca MT Calvin H. Rurks as a ca11- didate for County Treasurer of Jeffer- son county. subject to the action of the Democratic Primary, November. s, 1915.
 The Graphic is authorized to an nouncs 4. M. Hooker as q candidate for treasurer of Jefferson county sub, act to the action of the Demo. cratic Primary, Monday, November & 1915. t <
 The Graphic is authorized to an- nounce J. R. Parsons as a candidate fcs treasurer of Jefferson county, subject to the acton of the Demo- cratic primarg, Monday, Novembers 8, 1915, asf '
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20

The Ford company in their own shops.
They are generous and charitable.
Yachting h their principal pastime,
n their palatial yacht, the NokoSnis,
Is considered the finest on the lakes.
Anderson q Rackham. a firm Of
young attorneys who were Maioom-
sons lawyers. drew UP tho papers
when the company was organised.
This led to their becoming eharehold-
ers. They had decided to put 81, 500
! each into the venture, but at the last
moment they increased the AMOUNT to
$1,000 each.
Horace H. Rackham, like Mn Ford.
was a farmers son. He had gone to
the city and studied law. His health
was not robust n he purchased a few
acres Of land on the outskirts OF the
city. Half OF this land he sold for
more than the original purchase price.
Before h formation Of tho COM
pany Mr.. Rackham lived but one
house away from Mr.. Ford and he
could hear the Ford engine suffering
away behind tho house at al hourH
Although thedr wives YER friends the
two men never met until Just before
the formation Of the company.
Through Malcomson, Rackhnm be
came interested in tho enterprise. and
against the advice of banking friends
borrowed money on his real estate and
invested II in the company. So far
he has received 81, ESQ, 900 in dividends
and Win have 81, 500. 900 Of the new
stock.
MI. Rackhem lives IN . beautiful
homo, and obviously enough II ia but
one removed from tho mouse recently
vacated by Mr.. Ford. He IL quiet and
unassuming. loves golf and his homo
and still practises law.
His partner. John W. Anderson,
borrowed money from relatives in or
der 10 invest in the Ford enterprise.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20

Department. has had three separate
codes, and the ~ latest-the green
code-is guarded 80 closely that II n
kept locked In q safe day and night
and taken out only hcn actually
needed for use.
This latest document IL tho invention
Of DR.. Buck, head OF the index bureau.
and represents the most intricate and
abs.ruse combination OF figures II 10
possible to obtain for cable use.
Back in 1879 the State Department
invented what was called the red coda
II was the work of John II. Haswell,
the then chief OF tho index bureau.
and AZ the time II was invented II was
considered a marvel Of mystery. This
code was In use for the most oonhden-
tial matters until 1899. when the DE-
partment was led TO believe that
through years OF use its secret had
been deciphered by certain foreign
Governments. 40 Haswell set himself
to the task Of revising tho red code
into another and more intricate sys-
tenn. which he called rhe blue code.
From 1899 up to within a few years
ago the blue code was the one used for
I VI Nv ~ - rhAAN iifh
secrecy. while the red code continued
to be used for matters of secondary
importance. But about two years ago
It was decided that the blue code. like
the red. was OUTLYING Its usefulness
and then DR.. Buck brought out the
green code. into which not more than
a dozen officials at the State Depart
ment. outside Of the embassy STATS,
have sven peeped.
1t Is a generally recognized fact
that practically all Government codes
are based upon some document and a
group of figures Is used to represent
the page and line OF the word in
dictated. For instance. a code book
, page has, say, twenty-five numbered
words in a column straight down the
page. Suppose. for instance, that on
page As. In line IL, there appears the
word mote" There ia a code equiva-
lent for thar word mote" which may
be "cat."
If the matter Is important the cable
will not use the word "cat" to indicate
note" 1t will make its code even
more abstruse by sending the group of
figures ASH" which means that or
page As. first line, second word, In the
word mote"
It u perfectly easy. however. ia
make An Arrangement ~ Win IN
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20

American Ambassador at London. {
reverse the figures in . certain code
message. Instead OF reading "+6l2"
the group Of figures IN the cable would
read "a16+." although by means of the
previous agreement tho word indi-
Gated would DO the same.
An official said the other day that by
previous arrangement with tho recipi-
ent OF the coded cablegram there was
practically no limit to the cryptic and
abstruse code combinations It Is posi-
bic TO arrange by means of the sys-
TENS already in .
Naturally tho green code is used as
little - possible. II n the one best
bet in codes, and the Department
doesn't want II to get before the spy
departments Of other countries any
oftener than Ia possible. So It Isn't
used freely.
However. suppose the ruler Of some
foreign country has acted slightingly
toward an American Ambassador ac-
credited to his country. This slight
would in all proba bility be adminis-
tered In private, and the Ambassador
and tho Department Of State would
wait Ho HcWe VI tHc ottuitcHSo W pc
kept very private and confidential un-
I'll they could at least act upon tho
matter. Out would come the new
green code and . message would be
put in cipher.
If. however, tho State Department
wished to inform the Ambassador. say
in London. that the actions Of a GER
tain American official abroad were not
meeting with the approval Of the Sec
rotary OF State 1t is altogether prob
able that either the blue or the red
cod would serve the purpose,
All code messages or cable messag es
OF any kind are addressed to Sec
state, Washington" the Departments
' cable address. and are signed simply
with the last name OF the Ambassador
or other diplomatic or consular agent
sending the message.
The work of DECIDING or cooling
cable messages Ia in itself n big task.
The ordinary work Of this kind Is left
to the confidential clerks in the index
bureau. under the supervision Of DIR,
Buck. but when there comes a com
m%unication Of the utmost Importance
or when a communication OF a strictly
important ann confidential nature
needs to he put In cod 1t Is usually
Ben q. Davis. chief clerk Of the De-
apartment Of 6tseA W. -
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20

ouch a vision OF wealth as was
recently spread before the eyes
~ OF the people of Detroit-and
the whole world-suggests COM
PARSONS with the Arabian Nights
rather than the actual happenings OF
this world. Yet II was the human
qualities OF determination. p~ersever-
ance, capacity to realize an oppor-
tunity and business ability that
brought about the success which had
q elimination the other day when the
stockholders OF the Ford Motor Com
pany voted TO increase tho capital
stock from 100000 TO 500. 900 900
and at the same time declared a stock
dividend Of $4,000, 900 besides the
usual cash dividend.
But who rubbed this wonderful lamp
Of Aaddln's? Who helped him? The
soy Of the company. commonplace in
u beginning. has a flavor OF ro-
q zee.
Dollars have been made to multiply
o. that hundreds have become thou
sands and thousands millions. A girl
lent her brother 500 and through that
NdA sHc has DcCOII1c tHt pOSScSSDT OF
a fortune. This Is no typographical
eror-the original amount invested
was one hundred dollars. Truly the
inn have not been idle. but they have
been Of the entirely human kind. They
are Henry Ford and James Couzens-
as wonderful! in their way as the
spirits Of Arabia.
In the summer Of 1902 Henry Ford
formed a copartnership with A.. Y.
Malcomson, a coal dealer. for the
building OF a motor vehicle. Prior to
that time nine years had elapsed since
the present automobile king had first
sen and operated q vehicle propelled
By gasolene-nine years which gave
him experience. but nothing more. The
companies in which he was interested
a Designer and inventor. tho Henry
Ford Automobile Compay and the De-
trodt Automobile Company. had "curled
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20
Henry Ford and James Couzens the
Aladdins Who Showered Gold on the
Few Who Had Faith in Them

fourth month. ana ths baianoe vhsn
duo Tho purchase of this stock rave
Mr.. Ford MA frat control OF tina COM
pany.
Mr.. Ford ifv.d IN q moAer co~U
house NJ the tina the companv wa
formed and $4,000 would probably
have covered the value of his worldly
b~eIonxtnrs. He has received In d,vi-
dends approximately s272bO. 600 and
Will have s2e. 900. 600 Of tho new stock.
III. 6sp~,, q, =, ,o,r III. .o,ou-u
n u,ho, -. ha. ~. So, ,.,.. -
n. u,,.. ~. mo,., traa,,. ., h,. -.
n,oy % ,h,. "a II. a. d.. 80.
crn,,o "a uSa,..ar,n 80 - -.
d,.n $500. 80, 80 80 r.'
60 r,...S,s so
NJ rora 80. ranan;,v mo,.s -
. An. c,+y house IN Do,no,, :, ona
IN a.. ia ,arm ,,har.
%, III. 49, n..o, w LII,
- ~. 80 n,,u W 80. 90
q oon go ~ p"".
cos,,ra rnn,ora =, eeoo oon 80
ro,vrs 80 .. .,.,a..s -
ha...s.sa ua.as ~" a
~. go $50. u,ssn 49,
c,aI,v ,ond ". ,ovss m,,s,o 49, 20,
,n.,s,,ed a wondor,,I n,n. 80. e.,
NJ. W. 49, pro oe"" :"
VIZ o'ners VINO purchased
sn",.. so".s oi roru SOCK IN TN"
80 LAYS anu an received seNerai
H.. arnouh' 'ney palu Tor IL
one VI 'hein' neca,h'
ro,,rn. so.u 'rtne III nl1tlSh
80 o" Nv roru
s"o,l lnhe ne
- .." =" "'erop hls 'nlne ana
oon e'vcN W WI QUEENS ,or 30
IT,. "na' ne pau lor II,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20

with Henry Ford In that car Of his
satd Mr.. Couxens, and talking over
what salaries We were to ask for. We
decided that ne should get $4,000 .
rear and I 81, 800. and these amounts
we're voted us by the directors. I
started out with a one armed n
rapher And finally got a b~ookkeeper.
I wrote the first annual statement for
the directors meeting out In lon
hand with an indelible pencil.
I'm October, 1908. when the COM
pany was nve months old, we paid a
2 per cent. dividend: in November,
10 per cent: in January. 1904, 20
Der cent. and in June. So per cent.
% thak At the end Of u irst year
the stockholders had received back
every dollar they had invested. From
that time Mr.. Ford and I declared
our independence"
Mr.. Couzens has received about S.
0o0, 900 in cash dividends. and under
the new capitalization recently an
nounced will rave IS, 200, 900 Of stock.
He ia absolutely unspoiled by his c
cess, 10 approachable. genuine. direct,
big hearted and a splendid citizen. His
farms in Oakland county. near De-
troft, are among the finest In the
West and the costly barns house large
herds Of Holstein t~horoughbreds
Farming, horseback riding and golf
,are his chief diversions from busi-
ness.
Mr.. Counens's sister. who ia now mar
ried and lives in an Indiana city. re-
ceived stock from her brother repre-
senting the amount OF money he had
borrowed. From that 500 which she
lent him she has received $47, 900 ir
/ dividends. and owns $50, 900 Of the
company's stock.
Mr.. Malcomson sold his stock 10 Mr.
Ford in 1905. being paid therefor Sl75,'
900. II 10 a we'll known fact that II
the early days OF tho company thu
team work done by these two men was
far from satisfactory to either. Il
was . case Of a house divided aTains'
itself and both men knew that the
house could not stand.
Finally Ford and Couzens suggested
the purchase OF the Malcomson stock
Mr.. Maloomson Va willing TO with.
draw from rho organization and Of.
fered to sell his interest for wha'
looked then like IN orm sum
SITS, 900. HIS terms were $500 II
a note, and tho balance in cash.
Then Messrs. Ford ana Cou1enI
started . hunt for the money. On>
Detroit banking Arm was approached
Tho partners said 'they would SCI
whst could be done" They apparent.
ly arc still looking. for that was th'
last heard from them.
Tho next effort n successful, how
ever. ana with Ford and Couzens In
dorvtng eech others notes q loan wa
secured. Ton thousand dollars wa:
paid on these notes &C the End Of IN,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20

up and died." but the Ford determine
ton was still alive.
Mr.. Malcomson was : pay an tho
expenses Of the new I'D to
$4,000. but this limit was soon passed
and the amount grew to $1,000 before
a satisfactory result was achieved.
Then an attempt was made to form q
company to market Ford's car.
For the next two months many peo-
pie in Detroit heard opportunity
knocking at their door: but only a
very few answered. Finally a small
number were induced to invest money
in the enterprise and on June Is. 1908.
the company was formed. Ford and
Malcomson turned in their invention
and rights for 81 per cent. Of the
stock.
. Nobody who made the financial VEN
ture was at all enthusiastic. No ex-
traordinary results were looked for
even II the company managed to sur
~ An investment with the usual
return OF interest vas about all that
was hoped for under the best OF con-
ditions.
Contracts were made with Dodge
DAoS' "a bVdoit, WHO udu Operated
a general machine shop. for $50 chas-
sis. Both John F. and Horace f.
Dodge subscribed for $4,000 Of stock
in the new company, the money to
be paid put OF the profits on the $50
chassis. Thus they became two OF
the present eight shareholders in the
Ford Motor Company.
The Dodge brothers were hard
workers and fairly well of before the
days Of the Ford company. They are
still hard workers and have built an
enormous automobile plant Of their
own. They have also received $780,
600 each in dividends and will have
$500, 900 Of the new stock.
Theirs has been the greatest proper
tionate gain OF any Of those inter-
ested in the company. a. until recently
they did . vast amount Of work for
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20

NM Of the high officials Of the
Department Of State in WASH
inston was asked for . denni-
Ton Of the word diplomacy" II was
Just after the Lusitania note had been
sent. The Official hesitated q moment.
Then he said:
There wal one Secretary Who
favored the idea that diplomacy Is the
~ Of keeping cool. That idea 10 true
enough, but II doesn't cover sufhcient
"rTtory. Diplomacy, I should say, is
NE art Of getting a good cable"
II you separate yourself from the
atmosphere Of tho second floor Of tho
department, where the Secretary Of
state has his office and where the
ip'omat themselves come Hooking
every day, and descend to the first
hoor, where the big intelligence ofice
OF me Department is located. you will
"e why diplomacy in this day and
generation depends on a cable that
Works well.
In other words, no ONCE of foreign
mars Of n Government can be
much better than its system OF trans
mnting Intelligence. Before the day
=" the undersea cables there was not
great deal of merit TO the intelligence
Ns'em Of any foreign Office: and while
"e cable raised the efficiency Of such
systems 10 an enormous degree it was
we European wal that actually put
.uch establishments to their first real
S.St and taught Officials-particularly
s"'e Department ohicials-that a
Soorly working cable or telegraph line
can come very near to defeating the
shus or real diplomacy.
mere are four methods Of
diplomatic and consular communica-
uoh employed in the big intelligence
s.stem which centres on the first floor
VI me state. War and Navy Depart
.nehl Building in Washington. Tele-
sraph and cable nearly always are
useu jointly in the transmission of q
message abroad, or when cables will
Ao' work properly. owing to too rigid
censorship somewhere. the wireless IA
.omsumes called into play. After all
~ ne mail which carries thu bpll
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20

II 10 not uncommon however. 10 send
a cable message -~plain"-that II. with
out putting II into code. Such things
as political and diplomatic conditions,
however. + entirely confidential.
Next in Importance to communica-
ton by cable Is the mail system of
the Department. This system pertains
more particularly to the consular ser
vice, the activities OF which are not
so closely connected with confidential
matters. The relief OF destitute
Americans abroad. the settlement of
American estates abroad. the certtfica-
ton OF ship cargoes and the like ara
all matters which can be handled IN
the mails.
With q few exceptions. such as
Cairo, Egypt, and other points. tho
mail comes in special Department of
State leather pouches, sealed in the
foreign country and not opened until
they reach Washington.
There In a generally Understood ar
rangement between all countries In
time of peace TO take exceptional care
Of n another's diplomatic and con-
suiar mail. and while II goes through
the regular machinery OF foreign and
i~nteroceen postal services there In un-
doubtedly special care exercised to
prevent such mail coming TO harm.
In most countries the mai OF the
various c~onsulates and consular
agencies 10 f1rst forwarded to the en-
bassy or legation Of the United States
In the capital of the country. Here
the mail from all consuls is gathered
together. placed in a pouch with the
embassy mail and sent to the United
States without further delay.
The entrance of Italy into the Euro
pean war has rather tangled the cable
situation for the State Department.
Our note ~ Germany on the Lust
tania and kind,sd matters were sent
via Rome and t~elegraphed to Berlin.
but since Italy has entered the war
cables TO Berlin of an important nature
must be SEN by wireless or by cable
through Copenhagen,
Both London and Paris have direct
cables, and in almost any event these
two capitals will subject the Depart
ment to h least trouble in communi-
eating with their Ambassadors. Petro-
grad, however, often presents a situa-
tion Of much difficulty, M the tele-
graph system between Copenhagen
and PetroEad has q habit of failing q
s00AAD@ U0s
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-06-20

OF state intelligence, and while this
method Is slow there 10 less worry
attached to its operation.
The European war II causing the
United States Government q tremen-
transmission. and It was estimated by
an official recently that he normal
cable bill Of the State Department was
some $4,000 a month. That sum.
however, applied solely to rates during
times of peace. It doesn't cover tho
bill since tho European war started.
What vii, the Departments cable
bills average per month since the war
started?" this official was asked.
1T would be hard TO tell" he repfied.
'They have been enormous. I heard.
however, that we spent very nearly a.
much during the first three months Of
the war as We spend in two years OF
ordinary conditions"
And 1t costs $780, 900 . months
about s175. 900 a year-in peace times!
And that is only for cable tolls. What
then, you ask. does tho Department
in the ordinary course of business
spend for postage stamps? That u Q
QUESTION WliSH io oho .
II would pay a lot Of salaries-that
much Is certain.
Here is another instance Of h way
the Department spends money to get
| messages to Its Ministers and Ambas-
sadors abroad:
At the outbreak Of the war last Au-
gust the Department OF State was
called upon to relieve a great number
of stranded Americans abroad who
had lost their money and possessions
In the rush for ocean ports when the
war rolled upon them. Friends In the
United States began pouring money in
upon the Department TO be trans
mitted to relatives abroad: and before
this none could be paid by a State
, Department representative abroad a
brief description Of the payee had to
be cabled.
In one running message OF this kind
the State Department cabled 10000
words. which filled eighty-eight type
written pages and were paid for at the
rate of IL cents a word, thus costing
very close to 81. 500. 1t seem prodigal,
but Governments canno hold back for
expenses In times Of stress.
All this, however. Is nothing but the
cable feature Of the big intelligence
system. There are about $50 embas-
ssA l~ssaticnss eenRulatsR ana consulal