davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
SIZE OF FARM HORSE
Farmer Wants Animal to Draw
PloW and Buggy.
Team, Well Built, With Snap and
Spirit Is Desired-Huge Drafters
Are Better Adapted to City
Manufacturing Concern.
tBy ]. N. RELL.l


Neither the massive drafter nor the
diminutive pony are what the average
farmer needs. Being an average man
he wants a medium sized horse, one
that will do farm and road work COM
bined. One that will draw a plow,
harrow or wagon and possibly a car
riage or buggy, for the average farmer
these days goes to church, pays some
social visit and likewise goes to the
country town. courthouse or post
office pretty regularly.
An 1900 or 1000 pound drafter
won't fill the bill for these varied re-
quirements; neither will 700 or 500
pound scrub.
The average farmer wants some
thing betwixt and between, as the
saying is, | should say from 1900 to
1,400 pounds-a team well built with
some snap and spirit, one that the
owner or the hired man will hold the
reins over with a feeling of pride and
pleasure. Let the large manufacturing
concerns in the city use the huge
drafters.
| knew a team of 100 pound
horses some years ago. One man
drove them consecutively for nine
years hauling cord-wood in the sum
mer and fall months. Both of these
horses we're by sires who had a lib
eral strain of thoroughbred blood in
their veins.
They did farm work regularly until
corn was laid by, then they we're
put to hauling on the road. They
were true and stanch draft horses,
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
GOOD DUCK TO RAISE
Black Cayuga Considered to Be
Profitable Fowl.
Thought to Be Equal to Pekin for
Early Market and Can Be Grown
as cheaply-splendid Birds
for Restricted Range.

The black Cayuga is distinctly an
American duck, having been bred so
long in this country that all trace of
its origin is lost. 1t is said that it
was first found in the central part Of
New York, on Cayuga lake. BY some
it is supposed to have originally come
from the wild black duck. For many
years the Cayuga has been raised in
this country and has been considered
by those who have bred it to be a
profitable duck to keep.
By some raisers it is thought to be
as good as the Pekin for early markets
and the claim is made that it can
be grown as cheaply. The farmer
who desires a good, practical duck
to raise on his farm in conjunction
with other poultry will do well to
give this valuable bird a good try.
out"
More time can be spent in dressing
1t for market than is generally given
to the dressing of white-plumage
birds, but the profits will be proper
tionately as great. Duck raisers, like
broiler raisers. are partial to white
feathers for market fowls, but those
who do not look with this Partially
on the white varieties will find an ex,
cellent choice in the Cayuga duck.
Cayugas are splendid birds for
restricted range and breed we'll in
confinement. They are quiet, docile,
and form a strong attachment for
their home, evincing no inclination or
desire to stray far away from the
place where they were bred. They
are hardy and profitable, producing
from eighty to ninety eggs in the
spring, and sometimes they also lay
again in the autumn. They are easily
kept in good condition, but if fed too
literally they will fatten too quickly
and will become too heavy behind.
The ducklings are hardy and easy to
raise, and attain good size and weight
at an early age.
A duck run should be disinfected at
least once year This is best done
by growing a green crop in it while
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
CORRECT TIME FOR FEEDING
Better Results Secured by Giving Full
Feeds In Morning and Night
Mix Salt With Grain.

Many feeders seem to think that
the oftener they can coax the COWS
to eat the better, but believe that
better results may be obtained by
feeding full feeds in the morning and
at night and light feed of hay about
noon, says writer in an exchange.
We feed silage, grain and hay in the
morning, as soon as the milking is
completed, light feed of hay at noon
to induce the COWS to walk directly to
their places when they come in from
the yard, and repeat the morning feed
at night Immediately after milking.
We have found it better not to feed
the COWS before milking time, and
more especially when silage is being
fed, as it is likely to impart bad
odor to the milk.
The amount of salt to feed depends
upon conditions. We feed more salt
than many dairymen, for the reason
that when feeding corn silage we have
difficulty in getting the cows to drink
sufficient water, unless they have
pleHly Oh Sdlt.
1t may be one of the writer's no.
tons, but there seems to be some
thing about the slightly acid condition
of the silage that satisfies the cows
thirst, and for that reason we mix salt
with the grain feed One ounce day
is fed to each cow in her grain ration,
and once a week we give them some
in their managers.
We have water basins by the side
OF >the cows, but the animals are
turned out every day in the year
while the stables are being cleaned
and aired out. Our yards are well
and we seldom leave them
put more than three-quarters Of an
hour. They are turned out in groups
Of ten or twelve and made to stay
out until we are ready for them to
come to their places. On very cold
lays they are not kept out long
enough to get chilled.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

were never known to get stalled but
once in nine years, and they were
never driven with a whip.
At twenty-five years of age each they
were serviceably sound and we're full
of life.
Think of it! Twenty-one years of
hard regular service and still able to
earn their feed. They were of the
weight, size and breeding and, besides,
had been well taken care of all their
lives.
| know young farmer this year
who is starting out and who bought
two heavy, awkward drafters and also
1000 pound mare of good breeding.
He worked the mare in the team with
the two big fellows and whenever he
had occasion to take trip In his
buggy, always drove the mare, letting
the others rest, and still she held her
own and kept in good order.
Too much has been written and said
advising the average farmer to use
heavy drafters. Let him sell them at
big prices and use a more medium
sized horse on the farm.
One years experience win show him
that he is right.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

States department of agriculture, it is
now possible to prove not only that
good roads are profitable investments,
but to determine exactly what divi-
dends they pay. An investigator as
signed to this problem in any given
locality first ascertains the extent of
the territory that is tributary to any
main road, much as one might ascer.
tain the territory tributary to some
river. The next step is an accurate
estimate of the total products of this
territory-so much grain, so much to.
bacco, so much garden truck, etc. OF
this quantity certain portion is con-
sumed on the farm; the rest is shipped
over the road in question.
The whole calculation can then be
checked by investigators at the ship
ping point to which the road leads. In
general it has been found that the
two methods yield much the same in
formation-the total amount of prod.
uce hauled over Ne road. Next the
length of the average haul is caIcu.
lated, the size OF the load permitted by
the character OF the road ascertained,
and the cost of teams and drivers fig
ured. With these facts before him
the investigator is now able to state
positively the cost of hauling a ton
OF produce on that road, to express
In terms of these "ton-miles" the
freight traffic on the road, and finally
the total cost to the community served
by the road of hauling its goods to
market. Armed with these data it is
easy to decide how much money can
be proftably spent in improving the
road and what are the returns that the
investment yields to the community.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
WATERING COWS IN WINTER
Best Results Cannot Be Expected
When Animal Is Compelled to
Drink From Hole Cut In Ice.

Cows should never be turned out in
very cold weather and forced to go to
a pond or creek for water. The prac-
tice is costly one. The extra feed re-
CURED to counterfeit the effect of the
chill would soon pay for getting sup
ply of water In the barn. When COWS
are turned out on cold days, often hav-
ing to drink from a hole cut through
the ice, they will not drink all they
need, but only enough to satisfy the
immediate thirst The exceptionally
cold water and even the colder atmos-
phere chills them to the bone and they
will hurry back to the barn. Often
they will not go near the water with
out being driven.
The practice not only is cruel, but 1t
is expensive. II production record
was kept it would be found that every
time the cows were turned out in the
cold the yield of the milk would be re-
duced materially. 1t would be on &C.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
CAREFUL SELECTION OF SEED
Everlasting Persistency In Applying
Method and System That Achieves
Success for Farmers.

The system of seed selection which
has been taught by the seed experts
of the agricultural colleges was es
pecially designed for the years when
the terminating quality of seed is
doubtful, but 1t applies with equal
force when the best of seed quality
prevails.
The farmer who makes advance
ment in his crop growing is the one
who carefully selects his seed each
year, who applies the seed tester to
each ear of corn that he uses for
seed. 1t is the everlasting persistency
in applying system and method to this
work that achieves success and guar.
antees reliability, says Twentieth Cen
fury Farmer The local seed grower
is one of the very useful persons in
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

the community. He cannot maintain
his position or hold his business If he
is not systematic, careful, persevering
and honest. He must of necessity be
reliable, and so can take no chances
in guessing at the terminating quality
of his seed.
The terminating quality of seed
measured by its per cent of properly
developed termination is the selling
standard that seed testing has estab-
lished. These tests of seeds should
be authoritative and made basis Of
guaranty to the purchaser. Seed
growers and seed dealers in every
community are engaged in very re.
sponsible work. Upon their represen-
tation depends the planting of thou
sands of acres of crop, involving tens
of thousands of dollars in value, which
means crops and money value pro-
duced or lost, depending upon the re-
of the seed used.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
BEST TIME TO CUT ALFALFA
To Preserve Plant in Good vlgor II
Must Be Cut as Shoots for Sec.
ond Crop Are Starting.

1t is very easy, in giving advice, to
see only one or two things and not
see how the advice might run counter
to some other important things. For
instance, we notice in some of our
exchanges the advice to let alfalfa
that is intended for hay for horses
stand till it is well along in bloom,
says Hoard's Dairyman. Now that
may do very well for the physiology of
the horse but not so well for the phys
iology of the alfalfa plant.
If you are to preserve the alfalfa in
good vigor, you must cut it just as the
shoots for the second crop are start.
ing from the crown. The reason for
this is that at that time the mower
will not clip the heads off the com
ing growth. If they are clipped they
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
TWO POPULAR POULTRY WAYS
Intensive and Colony Systems Have
Good Features-Former 10 In
tended to Save Steps.

There are two popular ways in
which to raise poultry, the intensive
system" and the colony system"
The first OF these aims to save steps,
and accomplishes this purpose. Long
stationary houses are used. 1t is cas-
Ter, however. to keep the birds healthy
and TO reproduce the stock under the
second system.
Under the colony system, the birds
are allowed free range, the houses.
which hold about one hundred hens
each, being placed from two hundred
TO two hundred and fifty feet apart
so that the stock will not kill the
grass. This system may be adapted
to severe winter conditions by drawing
the colony houses together in con-
yenient place at the beginning Of win
ter. thus reducing the labor during
the cold, months. The first system is
more suited for hens used solely for
the production of market eggs than
for those used to breed stock.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
AIF}Y
TESTING SHOWS UP LOAFERS
No Progressive or Successful Dairy
man WIN Keep Cow on Which
Ha Does Not Make Profit.

(By G. r. INGALLS,. Wisconsin Expert
ment Station.)
Cow testing shows the money max
ers. The best cows in many herds are
returning profit of 500 or more
every year. 1t is possible to have every
COW kept do as well.
The loafers, the cows that consume
more than they return, are quickly
spotted and eliminated when the COW
test is used. No successful merchant
handles a line of goods on which he
loses money; likewise, no progressive
dairyman will milk COW on which he
does not make profit. The milking
of COWS is a straight business PROPOSE
ton and no farmer can afford to spend
his own time or pay high priced labor
to milk COWS which do not pay for
their board. Let's make the 500 re-
turn per COW our standard.
To build up profitable herd the
COW test is Indispensable. 1t enables
the dairyman to quickly get high
producing herd by selecting heifers
from only the best cows. In this con-
nection the sires that are capable of
transmitting dairy quality and tenn
permanent to their offspring can be
proved. The very general practice Of
sending mature bulls to the block.
when they are just in their prime for
breeding purposes, is detrimental to
our dairy industry and should be
stopped.
Cow testing also pays because sur
plus stock of both sexes sells for high
er prices when buyers can see what
the ancestors of these animals have
done in the line of milk, and butter fat
production.
When using the test, farmers may
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Dairy THE TINES Live Stock
PAGE FOR THE FARMER
crops Farm Hints

outside and has no protection from
the rain. it is not very acceptable
feed. Alfalfa cut wet, which becomes
little heated and moldy, is not ac-
ceptable. 1t has lost its flavor. Cut
alfalfa hay when it is still on the
fresh side; cut it before any Of the
heads are dead, and few days before
anybody else cuts theirs. There will
be almost as many pounds of hay as
IL left longer, and there will be more
pounds of digestible feed. Also If left
longer before cutting, one will gain
five pounds in weight, but will lose ten
pounds real food, as this food will
turn to indigestible fiber.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
ADVANTAGES OF GOOD ROADS
Energy of Farmers Teams Conserved
by Pulling Heavy Loads Over Com
paratively Smooth Surface.

There is no doubt that good roads
tend to prosperity to the farmers who
live on them. Their teams are not
worn out with the effort to pull a
light load over bad road, for they
easily take large one to market and
save not only the strength of the
team and wear of the wagon. but
what is of more Importance still, the
time of the owner.
He gets his product to market more
cheaply and that item alone tends to
more prosperity Then, too, the value
of his land is increased by the fact
that 1t is on well-made and well.
kept road, for the heaviest tax farm
er pays is bad roads.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

often make but poor, sickly growth.
There is always great danger of injury
in cutting alfalfa too late, for the next
growth has gotten such a start that
1t is badly clipped There is right
time to cut alfalfa to avoid the dam
age of cutting too early before the
shoots of the next crop have formed
and cutting too late after they are
well along in growth.
We must handle our alfalfa wisely
in order to maintain good stand, as
blue grass and other enemies will be
all we need to contend against.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
MOST ACCEPTABLE cow FEED
Give Her What She Likes Best in
Morning and She VIII Make the
Most of Her Ration.

In the morning feed the COW the
feeds most acceptable to her. When
she is hungry, give her the things she
likes best and she will make the best
use of them. Her evening meal should
be of the feeds which are the least
acceptable. During the evening she
will pick 1t over and eat of it what
she wishes. One of the chief require
ments in a cows ration is flavor, and
flavor can only be had in the careful
management of the curing Of the
feeds II first-class alfalfa is stacked
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
HIGHWAY
IMPROVEMENT.
GOOD ROADS WILL PAY WELL
In Nine Years Increase in Amount
! Paid for Improving Highways Has
Been Over $50 Per Cent.

tBy E. B. HOUSE. Colorado Experiment
Station.)
The following is clipped from the
Reclamation Record
Approximately $206, 100000 was
spent last year on public roads in the
United States, according to statistics
prepared by the United States depart
ment of agriculture. In 1904 the total
was only $79,OO0,OOO In nine years,
therefore, the increase has been over
$50 per cent
OF the 2,226,S42 miles of roads in
the United States, 223,774 miles, or APP
proXimately 10 per cent are classed as
improved.
To improve the remaining 80 per
cent may well seem a big job. 1t is,
in fact, only made possible because
the work really pays for itself. From
material gathered by the United
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

count of two reasons. First, because
best results could not be obtained
when the animal did not get suffi-
cient quantity of water, and second
because of the shock and chill to the
system. Diminish the allowance OF
food and the production of milk is. of
course. decreased
A sufficient amount of water is Just
as necessary as enough food. 1t re-
quires a certain amount of food to
maintain the heat Of the body. Natur-
ally the colder the barn or the colder
the animal is kept, the more food will
be required to keep her warm.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
GOOD START WITH CHICKENS
Amateur Should Begin With Few
Fowls, Using Best Breeds and
Carefully Note Mistakes.

The beginner who has had no ex-
perience with poultry is usually an
enthusiast, and aims to do too much
in a short time.
No one should expend a sum of
money without at least fully under
standing the objects in view and how
to accomplish them. The beginner
should begin with few fowls, using
pure breeds, carefully noting all mis-.
takes made.
At the end of the year he may find
that he has failed to make profit,
but he will have acquired knowledge
that will prove valuable in the future.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

know their cows as individuals and
feed so as to get the greatest return
for every dollars worth of feed pro-
vided. The value of the silo in sup
plying fresh summer succulence dur
ing the winter months, and in helping
out when pastures dry up in the sum
mer, is also shown best when cows are
under test.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
PIGS After WeanInu.

For pigs after weaving that have
the run of alfalfa nothing will help
them and satisfy them SO well as a
good fill Of slop made of shorts and
about one-tenth Of cottonseed meal
Feed them some kafir or milo on the
side as dry grain SO as to save some
of the expense of having to supply all
the concentrated food in the slop.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Profitable Iav crop.

Hay is crop that is usually profit
able when it has an adequate market
not too far from the farm. 1t is one
of our most widely and generally dis.
tributed crops. On some farms, how
ever, hay occupies the land for only
one year of the rotation when it
might profitably be continued yer
longer.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Everybody Benefited.

Good roads help not only the farmer
by enabling him to market his produce
when the market is highest but they
also help the merchant, the railroad
company-in fact, every individual in
the county is either directly or indi-
rectly benefited.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
important Work.

The public highway and its i'm
proyements is one of the important
things to take into consideration In
planning next years work. Work on
The road along your farm is just as
important as work In the field.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Feed Counts with Cows.

The best bred COW in the country,
If she is unsupplied with good food,
will prove dismal failure, while the
meanest scrub will do something to-
ward paying her board bill II given
plenty of suitable feed and care.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Important Factors,

1t is very often as much the fault of
the mixer, if the COW goes dry. as it
Is the fault of the COW herself. The
way she is handled and the feed she is
given are important factors.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Stimulate Eaa productlon.

Condiments that stimulate egg pro-
duction are very much like anything
that stimulate human being. After
the immediate results wear off the
bird is in worse shape than before be-
ing fed
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Feed for pry Cows.

Dry COWS should not be stuffed with
expensive grain feeds, but coaxed to
consume enough cheap, rough feeds
to keep them in good, vigorous con-
dition.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

the ducks are occupying an alternate
run. There is very little danger of
overwhelming the laying duck. STEPPED
or cooked cut clover hay is a good
substitute for green food in the win
ter.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Cause of Lumpy Fields.

1t is a bad practice to turn stock
into the corn field on days when the
ground is soft Lumpy soil in the
spring is due very much to this
practice.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Records Hello Farmers.

II farmers kept books there would
be great many better ones than
There are today.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Teach the Colt Mannars

Be kind but firm with the colts, and
teach them good stable manners.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
Avoid overfeedIno.

Be careful not to overfeed the first
week of fattening. 1t is better to feed
lightly three times day.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

When mornings are cold. take the
chill off the drinking water. but do not
make 1t warm.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

It pays to keep the henhouse clean.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26

Sunlight is tonic for poultry. pigs
and cattle.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1915-02-26
plsease Producers

Damp floors are productive of dis
ease.