Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1915-05-05

growing potatoes, beans, beets, car
rots and squashes Oats, wheat or
field corn should never be grown in
the cherry orchard under anysconsid
Grafton After the first five years if
the soil of the orchard is rich and the
trees are growing too fast, seed to
clover, orchard or timothy grass and
maintain the sod for three or four
years. Never permit a heavy blue
grass sod in the orchard, but always
mulch the trees heavily.
If the soil is of medium fertility
and not subject to washing, keep the
orchard cultivated but grow no vege-
table crops after the fifth year. Pillow
shallow or disk in the spring, keep
the soil well stirred until the middle
of summer and then seed to a cover
crop, using cowpeas, vetches and soy
beans and crimson clover.
For land that is rich enough and
does not need any additional nitro
gen, SOW oats or rape.
In shaping the young tree for plant
low-headed trees. Trunks Of low
headed trees are seldom affected with
sun scald and the fruit can be gath
cred by standing on the ground.
Cherry trees are quite free from in
sects, the most serious being the plum
curcuIio, which is the cause of the
so-called wormy fruit, but this sci.
dom becomes so troublesome on the
sour cherries that it requires treat
ment.
Spraying with lead arsenate or paris
green just after the blossoms fall will
be beneficial.
Leaf spot, a fungous disease, causes
great injury to cherries. The English
Morello and varieties of that type are
most subject to it's attacks. In some
sections the trees are entirely de-
stroyed by it, it attacks the leaves,
causing a small brown spot about an
eighth of an inch in diameter and
later the leaves turn yellow and drop
from the tree.
The only satisfactory remedy is to
spray with bordeaux mixture or cop
per carbonate. Spraying must be
done early before the trees have bios
somed. If sprayed while the cherries
are beginning to color, the bordeaux
will stain the fruit, but copper car
Donate will not.
To prevent ravages by birds, the
planting of June berries and Russian
mulberries along the outside Of the
orchard, proves of great value, as the
birds will eat these in preference to
the cherries. In Europe the trees are
covered with nets, and these can be
used in this country with success
where the orchard is small, as the ex-
pense of nets is not great.
The sour varieties are almost uni
versally grown throughout the North
west, as they are harder, more pro-
ductive and less liable to injury from
insects and fungous diseases. The
principal sour cherries are divided
into four groups: the Montmorency,
Morello, Braune and Vladimir.
These groups embrace many vari-
eties The Montmorency group is
characterized by the fruit being light
red, with light flesh and cOlOrless
juice. The trees are inclined to be
spreading. The Montmorency vari-
ETY. is the type of the group.
The MorelIO group bears a dark
colcred fruit and has dark flesh and
juice and ripens late. The trees are
small and variable in form. These
trees are also subject to fungous dis
eases.
The Brusseler Braune group con-
sists of Russian varieties with dark
red fruit and cOlored flesh and juice.
The trees are large. upright, compact
and vigorous.
The Vladimir also consists of Rus
sian varieties. The trees are very
compact with slender, dropping
branches, giving the tree a weeping
appearance. The fruit is dark col
ored, flesh firm and colored, and the
juice is very highly colored.