davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
TODAY'S AGE-HERALD

1--Bad weather handicaps war activities. Troy man killed by train. German chancellor discusses war. Jesus Carranzas staff shot. 2-Attorney arrested on conspiracy charge
 makes bond. B. English ship to test out route 4--Editorial comment. 5-Judge Greene dies.
 CoIoner wants to know what is to be
 done for him.
 Newspaper club to entertain legsa-
 ture.
 John c. Burgin critically ill. 6-With Birmingham's travelling sales
 men. 7--Markets. s-Ship purchase bill next problem for
 Senate.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
MOST OF STAFF OF . JESUS CARRANzA|S
 REPORTED KILLED
Brother of VenuistanO Car ranZa Is a. Prisoner On the Isthmus of Te-
 hauntepec

Vera Cruz. January 3.-Gen. Jesus CarranZa, brother of Venuistano Car ranza, is being held prisoner by the rebel General Santibanez on the isl hmus of Tehuantepec. according to adviees from reliable sources. General Santi- Danez shot Carranza's entire staff eS- cept his son. Abelardo Carranza. and Ignacio Peraldi. They also are held oaptives.
 The executions took place after Gen.
 lContinued on Page Two)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04

lessening of difficulty in obtaining bank loans and In an easing of interest rates. Conditions in the south. while slowly improving, still present serious problem"
 Crops in general. the report adds nave been good. but the cattle Industry confronts seripns ehaBdicaps in diff hculty in obtaining loans on cattle. and the foot and mouth disease quarantine The sheep and wool industry is excel lent but general mining conditions are poor
 Many idle factories are reported as preparing to resume operation. Lack or building, however. has caused many lumber mills to close and others to run on short time.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
GERMANY

Berlin, January 3.--(By wireless via London 3:20 D. m.)-The army head quarters statement today says:
 some of the enemy's ships, accom- panied by torpedo boats, appeared off Westende, Belgium, yesterday after noon without firing.
 "On the whole of the western front artillery fights took place. An infantry attack by the enemy north of Ste. Men ebould. in the Argonne forest. was beaten off with severe losses to the French.
 "In East Prussia and in North Poland there is no change in the situation.
 ITO the west of the Vistula our troops took a specially strength ened point du'appui of the Russians at Borjimow after several days of very hard fighting in which we captured 1000 prisoners and six ma
 (Continued on Page Eighty
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
Dr.. Klaus Hanssen Dead

Christiania. December 25.-(Corre- spondenoe of the Associated Press. )--Dr. Klaus Hansen. famous as a physician In Norway and leader in the figh. against tuberculosis, IS dead at Bergen, He was II years old. Dr. Hanssen was the chief physician of the Municipal hospital at Bergen and a Fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Medicine.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04

London, January S.-(S:45 p. m.) Referring to the fact there were many thousands of young men without de- pendents who had not answered their call to the colors, Mir MacNamara said:
 "If they think they are going to en- joy life of freedom at the other fel-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
Biz Fire In Florida

Jacksonville Fla. January 3.---Fire in the business district here early to- day practically destroyed the Oval Upchurch building, a six-story struo- ture in which was located the United States bureau. The loss is approximate. ly $150,0O0. The origin of the fire is unknown.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
Pefraln From Commert

Stockholm. January 3-(via London) Swedish newspapers thus far have re- trained. at the suggestion of the gov ernment. from making comments re- parding the American protest against the British attitude toward neutral trade. However, they have quoted fully the English and American papers, es- recially declarations that there will be no rupture of good relations between the United States and England.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04

lows expense, they won't enjoy ii much longer"
 As the result of six open air meet ings at Cardigg, addressed by wound ed soldiers. there was an extra ordi- nary rush to the recruiting offices last evening and the recrysting officers were kept busy until midnight.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
Another Communication

In another communication between England and Russia during the same war the former declared that unless some steps are taken by the Russian government to restrain their naval au- thorities from the indiscriminate mo- lestation of neutral traders, the amount of compensation for which the Rus sian government will find itself liable may assume no small proportions It is necessary that they should realize that it is rapidly assuming shape ir. which it will be impossible for the government of this country to rest content with the prospect of obtain- ing, pecuniary compensation for the sufferers. The situation which has arisen has indeed become one of the utmost gravity
 Reports of the finding of rubber man. ifested as gum" in the cargo of the steamship Sendford are understood to have virtually halted negotiations in lrogress in London with the object of ot ttaining modification of the embargo against exportation of rubber from British possessions. The vessel carried cargo from the United States to neu- tral ports. The British government has taken the position that the rubber probably was destined for Germany.
 The British embassy tonight issued its first statement on the shipping sit uation since the publication of the American note. It cleared up one point On which the United States had asked for information by announcing that turpentine and rosin shipped from this country before those articles were de- clared contraband would be paid for when seized The statement said:
 "Turpentine and rosin shipped before the publication of the order placing them on the contraband list will be paid for.
 All cargoes for Italy have been held up at Gibraltar since December 4. Italian ships carrying cargoes of com modities Of which export from Italy is prohibited are not interfered with un- lt ss there is clear evidence of frau duIent intentions on the part of ship pers.
 "NeEotiations are proceeding in Lon don with a view to the removal of the embarro on rubber against a pledg. not to export. similar to that arrangeu with regard to German aniline dyes. The neeotiations have heen retarded by the discovery of shipments of rubber from the United States to Europe under disguise.'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
CONSCRIPTION FOR
 ENGLAND HUNDRED
Parliamentary Secretary to the Admiriality Says England's Young Men Who Are Not Answering Country's Call May Be Forced Into Service

m)A hint that dropped parliamentary admiralty. speak inaa at Rrovni sette afternoon
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
Will Recognize Position

President Wilson and his advisers believe Great Britain will recognize that the position of the United States does not differ from that which Great Britain herself repeatedly has rlain- tained in previous wars in which Eng land was a neutral. State department officials say the archives of diplomatic correspondence concerning the rights of neutrals are filled with cases and principles thoroughly justifying the American contentious They point out. for example. that much more drastical- ly phrased notes were sent by England to Russia when the latter was at war with Japan. Not only did England de- clare foodstuffs must be shown to be for the use of an army or navy, but specific protest was entered against the doctrine that it is for the bellig- erents to decide that certain articles or classes or articles are, as matter of course. to be dealt with as contra band of war, regardless of the well es- tablished rights of neutrals."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-01-04
NEUTRAL COMMERCE
 PROBLEM EXPECTED ID BE CLEARED SOON
British Reply to American Note Will Expedite Deci- sion of Scores of Spe-
 cial Cases

Washington. January 3.-offcials expect the coming week to clear away much of the present uncertainty over seizure of American oargoes and ships by the allies. Great Britains reply to the American note of protest probably will expedite decision of scores of spe- cial cases.
 The dispatch of the protest covering the general situation has for the mo- ment sidetracled some of the indiv idual cases. Sir Cecil Spring Rice, the Brit ish ambassador who has been conduct ing most of the negotiation in this connection, has not been at the state department since news of the sending of the note was made public. It ,s be- iieved that pending the deliberations of the British government on the gen. era1 subject of neutral commerce he Is awaiting further instructions before ocitsnuias nis ~N ns. < feeline,' of confidence preye, ,il all sides that an amicable adjustment will be reached.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23
WHAT new TELEPHONE
LINE MEANS TO NATION
Deals Final Blow to SectionaIism by
Bringing All Our People
Closer Together.

prominent guest at the celebration
of the Transcontinental Telephone
Line, speaking of what the new con-
nection means to the country said:
For one thing, it is final blow to
sectionaiism-it has put a seal on the
fact there is no longer East and West,
North and South. Not even the rail-
roads or the new canal have done or
can do SO much toward bringing the
states closer together and uniting
them more firmly, not only in COM
merce, but in thought and language
Provincialism will become rarer and
rarer, localisms, dialects-all such
things that depend on isolation-are
getting to be an impossibility in the
United States, and the telephone has
been the greatest agent in bringing
about this desirable condition. 1t is
hard for people to get very far apart
when they are in such constant touch
with each other, and / know of moth
ing which is doing more to strengthen
the bonds between individuals and
communities than the network of wires
the American Telephone & Telegraph
Company is spreading over the coun-
try. So much Importance do I attach
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23

THE TLANTc AND PACIFIC cEAN
ton between the two seaboarGs, Il;
/ been completed in the same year.
Overcome Great Obstacles.

ton between the two seaboarus, has
been completed in the same year
Overcome Great Obstacles.
Quietly, almost unnoticed, but stead
lily and bravely, while the gigantic
steam shovels were cutting their way
through the earth in the South, the
engineers Of sound and electricity
were weaving their magic webs
through the air and pushing on to-
ward the Golden Gate. Their work
has been less spectacular, it has ex-
cited little attention, but these men
have met obstacles as hard to over
come as the Culebra slide, and they
have conquered them. The long
dreamed-of Transcontinental Line is
no longer dream. New York can talk
to San Francisco.
Monday, January %, 1915, has taken
its place among the momentCus dates
in the annals Of science and human
progress. On that day, in the pres
ence Of groups of prominent men on
either coast, the Transcontinental
telephone wires were given their first
public test, and the completion of the
line was formally celebrated. Distin-
guished men in the offices of~the Pa
cific Telephone & Telegraph Company
In San Francisco conversed freely
with distinguished men on the Allan
tic seaboard, and one more great chap
ter in the history of telephony was fin
ished as Bell, sitting in the offices of
the American Telephone & Telegraph
Company in New York, talked to Wat
son across a continent.
Voices Heard Clearly.
There was no hitch in the pro-
gramme, or any doubt as to the imme-
date success and practicability of the
new line. Those who talked over the
telephone did not raise their voices
above the usual conversational pitch,
and the replies came back from across
the continent, clear and instantaneous.
There was no more effort, delay or
indistinctness than in talking across a
table. Professor Bell says that he
thought out the telephone in Salem.
A fitting place for its conception
there is witchcraft in it, and the most
blase of business men in the offices of
the American Telephone & Telegraph
Company on Monday, January 25th
felt something akin to uncanniness
at the thought that his voice had
gone across thirteen states, shot
over prairies and through forests,
hurtled through cities, climbed the
Rockies, skinned across the des-
ert and reached the Pacific coast, and
the answer had come back to him in
an eye-wink.
All of the distinguished guests
present agreed that the achievement
was a scientific triumph that would
be of incalculable benefit to the ma
ton, and warmly praised the Bell
System for bringing it about
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23
BELL AND WATSON
SEE EMILE LINE
GROW TO 3,40O
INVENTOR OF TELEPHONE AND
EARLY ASSISTANT TALK OVER
TRANSCONTINENTAL CIRCUIT.
PRAISE BELL SYSTEM
FOR RAPID PROGRESS
Conversation Between Pioneers Marks
Dramatic Moment in History
of Science.

There have been few more dra-
matte moments in the. history of sci
ence than when Alexander Graham
Bell, who invented the telephone.
spoke from New York on Monday.
January 25, to Thomas A. Watson. the
friend and fellow workman of his
youth, in San Francisco, over the new
IranscontinentaI Telephone Line.
Few men have seen so great a
dream come true, probably no two
men before, in all the history of the
worlds discoveries and inventions,
ever lived to see such magnificent re-
suits from work in which they had
been the pioneers. Hardened tele-
phone users as all of those present
were, and accustomed to big events
as most of them were, hush that was
tlnged with awe, an almost solemn
silence, fell on the assemblage as the
great inventor talked to his associate.
Every one felt that he was taking part
In an epoch-making event, that, in the
future, school children would be made
to learn January twenty-fifth as one
of the big dates in the worlds scien-
t1fic, commercial and political his
tory, one that ranked with that other
day when What wonders hath God
wrought" was flashed over Morses
wire.
In the Space of a Lifetime.
Most wonderful of all, perhaps In
the minds Of those present at the open
ing OF the new line was the fact that
this achievement, the crowning glory
of so vast and complex a system, had
taken place within the space of a
mans lifetime. On March 10, 1876,
Professor Bell, working away at the
simple telephone he had invented,
called to his comrade, "Mr. Watson,
come here, l want you,'' and Watson
heard that first Of all telephone mes
sages over the wire. In New York
on January %, 1916, the same voice
was talking and, in San Francisco.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23
PRESIDENT THEODORE N. VAIL OF AMERICAN TELEPHONE
TELEGRAPH
TRANScON
TEL
BOLpT,

ments for a single telephone system.
Under no other plan would such a
line be possible This line, 3,4OO miles
long, and joining the Atlantic and Pa
cific is part of the great Bell Sys-
TEN of 21,000,000 miles of wire, con-
Meeting 100000 telephone stations
located everywhere throughout the
United States. Comprising this sys-
tenn are the American Telephone e
Telegraph Company and it's associated
and connecting companies, thousands
OF them, giving instant and perfect
communication among 100,000,00O peo-
pie.
The opening of this line is the Gull
mination of the Bell idea of universal
service-in presenting it for the use
and convenience of the public, the
American Telephone & Telegraph
Company renders an account of its
stewardship. 1t has fulfilled it's prom
Use and, not only in itself, but as an
earnest of what is to follow in future
development, this nationwide line
proves that it is the intention of the
American Telephone & Telegraph
Company to make it possible for every
man who can talk, to talk over the
telephone to every man who can hear.
The telephone was born here and it
has reached its greatest perfection
here; under no other conditions, ex-
cept such as exist in the United
States, could it have come to it's high
est development With it's dozens of
telephone systems, Europe has no
long distance line to compare with
this
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23
%s##%@S
SOME INTERESTING
TELEPHONE FACTS

: The New York-San Francisco
5 telephone line is $3.50 miles long.
+ There are two circuits, each
Z using $3.50 miles of hard-drawn
|. copper wire.
There are $40 pounds of cop
Z per wire in each circuit mile,
! and 1850 tons in the entire line.
: The longest telephone commu-
1 nication on record took place
: January 25th, when Theodore N.
: Vail talked from JekyIl Island,
! Georgia, to San Francisco, a dis
: tance of 4,4oo miles.
s If voice were loud enough
/ to be heard from New York to
, to San Francisco, it would take
! four hours to travel that distance
through the air.
The voice by telephone travels
5 from New York to San Francisco
: in 1-15th of a second, travelling
! at the rate of $1,000 miles per
: second.
The voice of man speaking
! in New York is heard in San
? Francisco three hours earlier,
that being the difference in the
standard time of the two cities.
= The first sound was transmit
ted by telephone June 2, 1875, in
Boston.
: The first words were transmit
ted by telephone March 10, 1875,
: in Boston, MIR. Watson heard
Prof. Bell say, "Mr. Watson,
please come here, | want YOU"
: The first conversation held by
telephone took place October 9,
1876, over telegraph line two
! miles long between Boston and .
Cambridge. Mr.. Bell and Mr..
: Watson talked
The first newspaper report !
: ever transmitted by telephone :
! was sent from Salem, Mass, to !
the Boston Globe.
; The New York-San Francisco
, line crosses thirteen states.
The Panama Canal was begun :
) nine years ago and has cost !
$50, 700, 600; within the same
; space Of time the Bell Company !
, has spent twice that amount in !
its engineering construction work
; alone.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23
NEW YORK GREETS
SAN FRANCISCO BY
BELL TELEPHONE
ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS
JOINED BY NEW TRANsCON-
TiNENTAL CIRCUIT.
EVENT Is CELEBRATED
IN TWO COAST CITIES
Great Engineering Feat Makes II
Possible For Human Voice to
Span Continent.

Less than forty years ago, Alexander
Graham Bell, standing in little attic
at No. s Exeter Place, Boston, sent
through crude telephone, his own in
vention, the first spoken words ever
carried over wire, and the words
were heard and understood by his as
sociate, Thomas A. Watson, who was
at the receiver in an adjacent room
O1, that day, March 10, 1876, the
telephone was born, and the first mes
sage went over the only telephone line
In the world-a line less than a hun
dred feet long. The world moves
long way ahead in the span of one
mans life. On Monday afternoon,
January 25th, this same Alexander
Graham Bell, sitting in the offices of
the American Telephone & Telegraph
Company, at New York, talked to this
same Thomas A. Watson in San Fran
cisco. over a wire stretching 3.400
miles across the continent and part Of
system that includes 100000 tele-
phoness connected by 81 ZOO, 900 miles
OF wires.
East and West United.
In that same memorable year Of
1876, Dom Pedro de Alcantara, En-
peror of Brazil, visiting the first tele-
phone exhibition of our first great ma
tional show, the Philadelphia Centen-
NAL, picked up the receiver, listened as
Professor Bell talked at the other end
OF the room, and, amazed at the won
der of the thing, cried out: my God
it speaks" Had Dom Pedro lived to
see the Pan-American Exposition he
could have heard Professor Bell talk
ing to him, not merely from the other
end of room, but from the other side
of a continent
The Pen-American Exposition it
self, planned to celebrate the compile
ton of the Panama Canal and the
Joining of the Atlantic and Pacific
oceans, will mark a still closer weld
ing Of the East and West. When its
gates are thrown open on February
Goth, San Francisco will not only be
nearer to New York through a short
ening Of its waterways, but will be in
constant and instantaneous touch with
it through the medium of speech. 1t
Is curious fact, too, that this second
great feat of engineering. this other
canal, this even more intimate conQec-
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23

the same ear was listening, as on tia
spring day thirty-nine years ago, bu
unGer what different conditions
Not many men have seen so grea
fulflllment of their early ambitions
no other invention has ever taken s.
great stride in so brief time.
Bell and Watson Talk.
The conversation between Bell ant
Watson over the new Transcontinenta
Line marks another interesting chap
ter in the history of the telephone
and as such is worth recording here
"Ahoy Alloy! Mr.. Watson, are yor
there? Do you hear me?" asked Mr.
Bell in New York.
eyes, Mr.. Bell, hear you perfectly
Do you hear me well?" replied Mr.
Watson at his end of the line in San
Francisco.
eyes, your voice is perfectly dis
tinct," said Bell. 'It is as clear as il
you were here in New York instead
of being more than 1000 miles away
You remember, Mr.. Watson, that eve
ming, 80 years ago when we conversed
through the telephone on real line
for the first timer"
Eyes, indeed" answered Watson,
that line was two miles long, running
from Boston to Cambridge. You were
overjoyed at the success of the expert
ment"
eve are talking over 3.400 miles as
easily and clearly as we talked over
two miles 80 years ago." said Prof.
Bell.
"The telephone men have certainly
done wonderful things with your in
vention since that first outdoor test, -
said Mr.. Watson. eve must not for
get that the circuit we are talking
over Is really $500 miles long, as of
course, the earth can not be used for
the return now as we used it then"
Uses Old TRANSMITTED.
81 want to switch in another tele-
phone and talk to you through that"
said DR.. Bell, and suiting the action to
the word he switched in a replica of
his first telephone instrument. 81 am
now talking through an exact dupli-
cate Of the first telephone which was
made in June, 1876" continued DR..
Bell, "can you hear me?'
81 hear perfectly, though less dis
tinctly than with the other, of course"
answered MIR. Watson.
Mr. Bell switched back to the stand
ard transmitter and continued the con-
versation.
what wonderful progress has been
made by the Bell System since then
to enable our voices to be transmitted
over circuit of 5000 miles, without
the least apparent distortion or weak
ening"
Their work has been superb de-
clared Mr.. Watson, "and superb also
is the discipline of the organization
that watches every inch of this long
circuit to safeguard those feeble vi
brations."
Cali honor to the men who have
rendered this great achievement po--
sible," concluded Mr.. Bell They
have brought all the people of the
United States within sound of one an
others voices, and united them into
one great brotherhood"
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23

to this idea, that, extreme as the state
ment may seem, [ believe quite firm
ly that, had the telephone system
reached it's present perfection previ-
Gus to 1861, the Civil War would not
have occurred The wires would not
far apart
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23

Advertise in the Weekly Leader-it
will bring results.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23
LETTERHEADS

Of Real Class Will Be Prepared
For You In Shortest Time at
This Office. Any GUAM
tity For Any
Purpose.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-02-23
SINGLE TELEPHONE
SYSTEM JUSTIFIED
TranscontinentaI Line Demonstrates
Efficiency of the Bell
System.

The new Transcontinental Tele-
phone Line is a concrete exemplifca-
ton of the possibilities of universal
service and a justification of the argu-