davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-12-26
BALKAN ARENA.
Chronological Events.

SUNDAY.
Allies order evacuation of several
villages around Salonih-
Greece withdraws troops to Kozani
Austrians take several hundred pris-
oners near Mojkovac.
MONDAY.
Clashes are reported between Greeks
and Bulgarian invaders.
Austrians storm Montenegrin posi-
tions southwest of Bjelopolje.
Russian expedition reported to have
arrived off Bulgarian coast. Varna re-
ported under bombardment. Warships
ships.
Germans and Bulgarians said to plan
expedition against Albanian port OF
DuraZZo.
TUESDAY.
Austrians storm Montenegrin posi-
tions north of Corona
Grecian hostility toward British at
Saloniki reported to be growing.
WEDNESDAY.
Bulgarian troops reported to be en-
tering Greek territory.
Announcement is made that Russians
fought naval engagement at Varna and
did not land troops.
Austrianss reportc discovery of sixty
nine buried Serbian guns near Ipek.
THURSDAY
Bulgarians. fill gaps in ranks on
Grecian frontier ready for drive on
Saloniki.
Allies continue to land troops to de-
fend port. ~ e, ..
No fishting reported along frontier.
t>' = FRIDAY. . b.,
Montenegrins report repulse OF Aus,
tria1s at Berane, with heavy losses
Evening star., 1915-12-26
Near-Eastern Campaign.
Chronological Events.

SUNDAY
Chiefs Of Khurdish villages neal
Soudjboulag give in to Russians.
Russians report repulse of enemy
forces between Teheran and Hamarau
Turks claim advantage in fighting
near kut-e1-Amara-
MONDAY.
Enemy forces resume offensive
against Russians between Teheran and
Hamadau.
Turks report repulse Of enemy at
tacks against tenth sector in the eau
casus.
TUESDAY.
Turks claim sinking of two enemy
monitors near ut-el-Amara
Russ attack in neighborhood Of I'd
in Turkish Armenia reported repuised
Russians report successes at Aka,
Binor Pass.
Slavs claim occupation of Noveran
Kun in Persia.
= WEDNESDAY.
Unimportant brushes reported in sew
eral sections.
THURSDAY.
Turks report repulse OF Russ detach-
ments in Milo sector in the Caucasus.
Russian troops engage enemy twen-
ty-hve miles from Teheran at Raba-
takerim. Battle approaches city.
FRIDAY.
Isolated and unimportant actions in
Caucasus and Persia.
Evening star., 1915-12-26

cove and snvla- bay regions for opera.
tions elsewhere.
MONDAY.
Britain r announces withdrawal oi
troops AZ completed.
TUESDAY.
Turks announce thorough clearing Of
enemy. troops from Anafarta and Ari
Burnu.'
Allied attacks at Seddul Bahr re-
ported repulsed
Allied ships shell several coastal
points.
Turks report successful shelling OF
landing places at Tekke Burnu, and
finding of great quantity of supplies
near Aghime Dere.
THURSDAY,
Allied aero shot down at Birsheba.
Five allied torpedo boats and one
cruiser forced to withdraw along
FRIDAY.
Quiet prevails over largest section OF
Gallipoli peninsula.
Evening star., 1915-12-26
Austro-I italian Arena.
Chronological Events.

SUNDAY.
Italians. in surprise attack, claim
capture Austrian trench on northern
slopes of Monte San Michele. Aus
trians report repulse of all attacks.
MONDAY.
Artillery actions prevail over prac-
tically the whole Austro- Italian front.
TUESDAY.
Austrians report annihilation Of two
Italian companies at Monte San Mi
chele.
Fierce artillery fighting on the south
ern Tyrolean front.
WEDNESDAY.
Austrian fiiers attack-unsuccessfu
]y, Rome says-Italian positions at
Podgora and opposite Penma.
Italians reported repulsed at Tolmino
bridgehead.
THURSDAY.
Artillery duels along whole front.
Italians lombard Lairto and military
depots at Tolmino.
FRIDAY.
Italians report repulse Of enemy at
tacks opposite Grafenberg.
Austrians repulsed east Of Stelts, ac-
cording to Rome. g.
Evening star., 1915-12-26
Western Arena: >
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.

SUNDAY.
Germans claim to have driven or five
enemy monitors shelling Westende.
German aeros attack Poperinghe.r
English aero shot down near Bruges.
German battery reported silenced
near Ste Leocade
French aeros attack Metz. -,
Heavy artillery actions over entire
front
British claim repulse of German at
tack northeast of Ypres.
MONDAY.
German aero brought down by Brit
ish east of Armentieres.
Forty-four aeroplane battles between
British and German machines. Two
German Ger machines reported shot down
Germans report capture of British
sap east of Hulluch.
French demolish German position
south OF lin-sur-Touvent.
TUESDAY.
French capture summit of Hartmanns-
Weilerkopf in the Vosges.
tacks near Armentieres and heavy
British report repulse Of German at
losses for foe.
WEDNESDAY.
Paris announces capture of 200 Ger
mans at Hartmanns-Weilerko Ger
mans claim recapture of the summit.
Hand-grenade fighting at close quar-
ters east of Navarin farm in the Cham
pagne.
Artillery engagements of severe char
acter prevail over large section Of line.
THURSDAY
. Belgians destructively shell German
trenches on the banks of the User
French claim advantage in mine
fighting In the Woevre.
French admit retirement on north
slopes Of anns-Weilcrkopf.
FRIDAY.
French claim destruction Of German
works west of Lassigny and southea nj
of Berry-au-Bac.
Germans claim complete recapture of
summit of Hartmanns- Weilerkopf but
French report repulse of all attacks
Heavy artillery action in Belgium.
Evening star., 1915-12-26
The Tale Of q Trophy.
From the westminstsr Gazette.

A number Of wounded who took part
in the recent big battle in France are
now at Bangour Military Hospital.
When visitor was leaving the grounds
Of that institution a few days ago he
encountered a grotesQue figure. It was
that of a small. sturdily set man in
the blue suit, hobbling along on
crutches, and with one foot copiously
swathed in bandages. On his head was
the helmet Of an officer Of the Prussian
Guards He said that before the war
he worked at q Lanarkshire mine. He
was asked how he came by his trophy.
'T killed him." he said simply: ''he
widna surrender" 4
Evening star., 1915-12-26
ISLAND OF GRAVES.
AND WAR TRENCHES
Poland Scene of Ruin and De-
struction Surpassed No.
where Else in Europe.
Correspondence of the Associated Press.

Correspondence OF the AsSoclated Press.
WARSAW, November 23.-Even more
depressing than parts OF Belgium and
East Prussia-the worst parts-is Po-
land, a land of graves and trenches. of
ruin and destruction on a scale that
has been wrought nowhere else by the
war. The conflict has been waged back
and forth across the ancient kingdom
SD long that agriculture has had but
little chance, and except in those sec
tions where the German forces have
been in control for some time the fields
are barren and untitled. SCARED by
miles upon miles of earthworks.
From the East Prussian boundary to
approximately the old Rawka positions
there is visible the maximum amount
of order and peaceful quiet. At the
| Rawka, however. the interminable
graves with their helmet-adorned
crosses. the deep slashes in the earth
temporary homes" of countless
refugees, the maze Of partly DESTROYED
barbed wire entanglements and the
succession OF burned and ruined viii
lagos begin.
Trenches Line Railways.
For miles between Alexandrowo. on
the boundary. and Warsaw. and between
Warsaw and Lodz. the old trenches line
the railroad tracks. while graves. in
dividual and common. line the trenches.
Eastward of Warsaw, however. the
| trenches virtually stop, for the Rus
SLAMS moved fast once they abandoned
the capital OF Poland. The trenches
stop, but the devastated villages do not.
Rather they increase in number. and
there is scarcely railroad station and
no bridges that have been left stand
| ing.
The Poles from time immemorial have
been accustomed to building their
thatched cottages-huts would be bet
ter word-close together. Accordingly.
1t was necessary only to set hre to one
structure in order to burn them all
down. In consequence, countless viii
lagos have been reduced to forlorn
rows Of chimneys. which. being OF brick
and stoutly built, have resisted the
flames.
try seems to have been stripped of
young men. One sees little else than
peasant women. barefoot. ill-clad. who
struggle under bundles of wood through
the mud, and who generally avert their
\ eyes as strangers pass.
| Germans Mend the Roads.
The Germans. partly for their own
benefit. partly to give employment to
the Poles, have done much to put the
notoriously bad roads into shape. They
have also altered the railroad tracks
from the Russian to the German gauge.
a stupendous work, for all the main
lines are now double track. and at the
important points huge yards have had
to be built to conform to military needs
The destruction In many parts OF
Poland is so general that village after
village has no single house standing.
Both soldiers and the civil population
have had to rely on their inventivenesa
Ito secure shelter. and all along the rail-.
road lines freight cars, Russian and
lGernaan. are being used AZ houses. In
the case Of the Russian cars. the wheela
have been removed. the cars have been
set fiat on the ground. and the interiors
dtted up with some degree Of comfort.
Evening star., 1915-12-26
Germans Mend tho Roads.

A factory In which radium e being
tproduced has been opened In Scotland
.by a Stoch chemist.
Evening star., 1915-12-26

patched a force of less than 100000
men with the idea of arresting the
German advance, preventing the estab-
lishment of a route between the, CEN
trail powers and Constantinople and
joining hands with the SerbianS. The
Germans. continued TO advance almost
at will despite the tremendous resist
ance of the Serbian forces. for large
armies had been detached from the
Russian front. Berlin admitting that
at some points the line was almost
threadbare.
The Turks were enabled to detach
forces for Balkan service because of
the inactivity of the British and
French on the Gallipoli peninsula
Along the eastern line. where the
German forces were greatly reduced,
and along the western front, from
which, it is said, large forces also were
detached, the Russians and Franco
British forces remained practically sta
tionary. 1t is true that the Russians
made some advances in the Riga and
Dvinsk regions, but a wholesale Of
fensive was not attempted.
The point is clearly made that at all
periods during the war when oppor-
tunity for combined action has arisen
the allies have been unable, through
mismanagement or other reasons, to seize
practically all apparent chances to pre-
vent the Germans from advancing almost
at Will on any front.
The fact that there has been sad
lack OF coordination and blunders ga
lore is admitted in London under the
veil that the enemy, also has made mis-
takes.
Evening star., 1915-12-26
ABBEY WAS CHIEF FAME
OF TOWN OF ST. M|H|EL
War-Torn Village Described in
Primer Issued by National
- Geographic Society.

War waves have rolled forward and
backward around the little town of
St. Mihiel. like angry surf against !.
rocky shore, and the struggle here has
been as stationary as that between
granite headland and the sea. A primer
on war geography, just assured by the
National Geographic Society. describes
this village grown famed during the
past year as the starting point of in
Vulnerable. German assaults. and as a
position bearing the brunt Of many Il.
fierce French answer. The prime-
reads:
est. Afihiel, in its youth. was place
of much military Importance, a feudal
stronghold. of good revenue and fair
renown. In those days it possessed
about which cling a wealth of tradi-
tions of bravery, stories of romance
and tales of unbridled revelry. The Old
fortifications and the castles were de-
stroyed in a quarrel between Louis
XIII and Charles ", Duke of Lorraine.
in 1876.
Abbey Was Its Chief Fame,
Modern ST. MihieI formed an i'm
portant link in the long, closely woven
chain of French defenses toward the
German frontier The chief fame re-
naming to it at the time of the world
wars outbreak, however. was that of
it's age -mellowed abbey. the Benedic-
tine Abbey of St Mihiel. to which
foundation the town owes its name.
The abbey was founded way back in
the infancy of central Europe, in the
year 709. The present abbey building.
in which the municipal offices house.
date from the seventeenth century.
"On the road to Verdun. the dominant
fortress of the whole region, are seven
huge rocks, in one of which a sepulchre
has been hewn and a life-sized figure
of Christ carved. Miraculous powers
are ascribed to the image. and to it
the peasants of the neighborhood take
their troubles and their petitions.
''St. Mihiel lies On the right bank of
the Meuse and the Canal de fEst, In
France, some twenty
three miles southeast OF Verdun. In
peace times it has a population OF
5000 and large garrison"
Evening star., 1915-12-26
The DardaneIIes.
Chronological Events.

SUNDAY.
Seddul Babr.
British Withdraw forces from Anzac
Evening star., 1915-12-26
England in Same Position.

trading nation and a great manufac-
turing nation, with all her resources,
plus all the resources Of the rest of
the world. as her Ravy kept the sea
Evening star., 1915-12-26
No Aid Given to
Russians in East.

car were forced to fall back. Their
retreat became almost a rout. There
was . disastrous shortage OF ammuni.
tion. Even though this was several
months after the allies on the west dug
in.'' and they were reported to have
overcome the shortage of munitions and
guns on this front. they were unable
to make sufncient advances to cause
Germany to transfer large forces from
the east to the west and thereby re-
lieve the pressure on the Russians. One
or two sporadic attempts at offensive
movements were futile. by virtue of
the failure of the British to make the
advances expected of them. This is
now admitted even in London. AS the
result another opportunity to rid the
western field Of the enemy failed. CO.
The people Of the two nations. particu-
Iariy England. were feasted on mere
pap" in order that there be not too
se~sse criticism. The French. how
ever. began to openly place the blame
Dusing this period the Anglo-French
Hsets attempted to she'll their way
throuGh the Dardanelles. The result
Tas . dismal failure and cost the allies
dearly In ships and men. Later devel-
TO place this effort within the bounds
OF possible success had been demanded
by the British admiralty. but these
were withheld by Lord Kitchener
Turkish straits could not be stormed
by mere activities OF warships. then
il was that troops IN large force were
sent to the Gallipon peninsula. II was
too late. In the few weeks iYtsrven-
Ing between the first and combined
effort the Turks were enabled to take
such positions and prepare to such an
extent that the chance OF success OF
tho allied effort was reduced almost to
a minimum. II was another case where
procrassination and lack OF co-orainat-
cd effort proved extremely disastrous
Tns allied capitals were fed reports Of
minor successes on the Gallipoli penin-
sula. which. IL is declared. were en-
wsre willing to accept the idea that
all was well and. even though there
might be reverses. these would be but
temporary and eventually be overcome
and Tremendous and glorious victory
scored.
Evening star., 1915-12-26
Allies Suffer Enormously in
Flesh and Blood for
Same Reason.
United, States Faces a Parallel
Condition in Case Of War,
Says Frederick Palmer.
By FREDERICK PALMER.

Artillery Is tho sensation Of this war
No ono disputes that. Without adequate
guns. an army is helpless. However ex.
cellent its rifles, however well drilled
1t may be. It 10 sheep for slaughter. Thu
use Of guns means the use Of machinery
for killing. instead Of old d-fashioned man.
power. Safe out of reach Of rifle bull
let's. the guns work their will with the
infantry.
The United States has not enough guns
for the defense Of twenty miles Of trench
front. Though 4 great manufacturing
people. a people who believe in the use Of
machinery instead Of man-power, we have
prepared to go to war by hand. Our army
has been kept In the period Of the spin
ming wheel and the hand-ioom.
Germany was the one nation which fully
foresaw the Importance Of artillery be-
fore the war. Her attaches brought the
lesson home from the Russo-Japanese
war. The German stan accepted the opin-
ion Of its experts-and acted accordingly
A good proportion Of the immense sum
which Germany used in preparing for this
and caliber-from the machine guns that
fire bullets to anti-aircraft guns. from
mortars that fire bombs. to guns that fire
smart little high-velocity shells and enor-
nous seventeen-inch shells.
Germany concluded to use machinery to
win instead Of flesh and blood-yet Ger
many has never had enough guns in this
war. never enough shells. There seems nc
such thing as enough artillery in modern
war. Artillery can blast any position. any
town. any fort to pieces. Suficient artil-
lery can stop the best infantry in the
world. OF all nations, we should be strong
in artillery. We have the money to buy
guns. To US flesh and blood are precious;
but we still depend on them,
Evening star., 1915-12-26

Turkey. an ally Of Germanic powers.
beHan TO run short Of munitions during
~ .sos- the subsequent
Germans Enabled to weeks d
.p,.a =. p.,. rnade firm de-
mands on Ger
raany for supplies. The Russian stu
ation being satisfactory to Berlin for
tfe time being, and German lines hold
ing A3mse On the west. Il was decided to
AisDGfch large force into Serbia and
force q fouts through the Balkans, not
only 3oy the transportation Of arms and
eQuipu1ent TO the Turks. but also open
~ 8 Eee9 for supplies 70 Vienna and
Hss9ln from Bulgaria and the near
This mevement was launched Arst
Against 1udApest ana succeeded. Dur
i86 the weeks that the SerbianS were
sersiy vrssse4 the allied nations dis
Evening star., 1915-12-26
Greece Perturbed
Over Bulgar Threat

part which is determined to remain
neutral. or at least avoid clash with
Germany or her allies. Such an invasion
on the part of the Bulgarians is sure
to lead to popular outbreaks against
the old rival, and King Constantine and
hts advisers know determined action Of
this character is sure to lead the
Grecian army into the fray eventually.
II IL not believed that Bulgarian prom
ises TO Immediately leave Grecian soil
and Macedonia, once the allies have
been defeated at Saloniki. will have any
weight whatever with Greeks as a
whole. They would only see dissertation
Of their loved Hellenic soil by race
which they, generally speaking, hate.
Russians during the week were re-
Evening star., 1915-12-26


gunners, disbelieving in high explo-
sives. fred 80 per cent Of shrapnel- The
percentage has been almost reversed
in favor OF high explosives. Modern
warfare means digging. Instantly in
enemy they go to work with their
spades. In half an hour they will have
protection from shrapnel. Howitzers
and high explosives have become es-
sential How many howitzers have we
to defend our hundred million people? :?
Don't whisper how strong We are to
any of those European powers; 1t
might seem a threat. Our regular army
possesses two batteries OF four seven
that Is not all. No. indeed. We have
two six-inch howitzer batteries. or
eight guns. not to mention two bat
teries Of AZ rifles. That makes. in all,
ing two batteries of ~ which are go
Ing into commis~i-:!. NC have thirty
six. They will hold our frontier against
Mexico. whatever happens, and ought
to resist any invasion from Guate-
mala Keep this dark. too. On the
highest authority may state that one
of our batteries of heavy caliber guns
is actually up to war strength, with
full complement of the 1S0 men. and so,
also. is one regiment OF neld guns ana
why haven't we more when we spend
all the money we do? That question
should be answered when we come to
the waste and mismanagement OF our
military appropriations. Against the
indisputabie fact that guns have be
come 'preponderant 10 this miserable
!. showing Of the United States artillery.
No matter whether we are spending
nifty thousand or = billion year on
our army. the figures are inconfroyertt-
BILE. Perhaps we spend too much on
our army. Perhaps we don't spend
one NTH enough. But we do lack
guns.
The war has proved that an army. to
fight effectively, must have guns In
superahundance; it has also proved
thar modern guns must be mobile: they
must be readily moved about from one
place TO another. The stationary gun
in q fort is dodo. Port Arthur proved
that: but most people could not believe
so because it happened in Manchuria.
When the Germans had TO attack the
forts OF Liege, Namur, Maubeuge and
Evening star., 1915-12-26
Enemy Trenches Safe.

AS the freemen had no adequate gun
protection Of their own. the enemy in
their trenches would be as comfortable
as II on the bank of a stream fishing.
Their trenches would not be torn to
pieces or their machine guns smashed.
AS for rifle bullets. the machine gun ex-
poses only a small aperture. and the
rifieman himself only the top Of his
head. But this exposure would hardly
be dangerous because the enemy guns
would be playing all the time and the
smoke from their shells would be so
thick that tho freemen' could not see
where the trench was--no. not even II
they were very brave and In their shirt
sleeves. The guns wouldn't stop their
fire until the charge was within 100
yards Of the trenches. For the. remain
der of the distance the freemen would
have only to faoe the. machine guns.
each capable Of 500 shots a minute.
Now, in front Of the trench will be
barbed wire meshes twenty feet in
depth, which 10 absolutely, impossible
TO mere trained soldiers. When mere
trained soldiers attempt to take a
trench this barbed wire 10 cut into bits
by the bullets from bursting shrapnel
shells fred with amazing . accuracy.
Meanwhile tho high explosive guns
have completely silenced the Rachine
Evening star., 1915-12-26

and France
Leaders Must Get continue to
Results or Step Down. of the final
result in the present war, in fact are
determined to wage it to successful
conclusion, but it is practically certain
that in the face of all that has hap
pened during the seventeen months of
conflict there will be determined de-
mand that the present leaders achieve
results or step down. for. with all their
determination, it is admitted every
where in Europe that the people them
selves are becoming weary of the sacri-
fees entailed in the struggle.
The past week has witnessed resump-
tion of fighting on the eastern front IN
Galicia and in the Riga region. The
Russian war minister has promised his
people that during the present winter
light of the domestic and economic sit
uation in the czar's realm, II will be
essential that promises Of this charac-
ter be kept. as far as possible. A Rus
sian drive on q large scale may be
reasonably expected within the next
few weeks. and, il is believed, 1t will
come almost simultaneously with a
general advance on the part of the al
lies in the west.
The Balkan situation still remains
somewhat clouded. Up to the present
moment, barring possibly a few isoIat
ed cases. the BulSarians and Germanic
forces have remained on the border
and have not crossed in pursuit of the
allies. IL is reported that a large mum
Der Of German forces have been de.
tached from the frontier for use in
guarding strategical points in Serbia
tand the route which has been opened tc
Turkey, and that Austrians. Bulgarians
and Turks viii be used to make the
attacks upon Saloniki, about which The
allied forces are drawn up. 1t is furth.
er declared that the allies now have
in the neighborhood of 100000 men a,
Salonih and have SO fortified this Gre.
clan port that 1t will require three tc
four times as many enemy forces tc
/ bring about a capitalization.
I: II
Evening star., 1915-12-26

Now that great force is being |
assembled at Saloniki, the Serbians