davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02
SOWING PERMANENT
PASTURE IN EARLY FALL
(By J. G. McAmis, Division Of Exten-
sion, University of Tennessee.)

Wy d. " MCAullS, OiflSlUu Va nAlSA-
sion, University of Tennessee.)
Permanent pastures should always
be sown in the early fall rather than
In the spring, as many farmers are
now planning to do. The past two dry
summers should have taught US this
lesson when very thin stands OF clo-
vers and grasses have been secured
generally.
We can not afford to keep only thin
stands for permanent pasture; that is,
pasture that is to remain without plow-~
ing for several years In succession.
The yield is not sufficient to justify 1t.
To get thick stands, heavy seeding
is necessary. Heavy seedlings cost
heavily-too heavily to risk failure.
Spring sowing is always risky, but by
early and frequent discing Of grain
stubble fields, late August sowings can
be made with far greater chances of
success, provided the land is compact
ed Immediately previous to seeding.
Weeds are always more troublesome
In permanent pastures than in tempo
rary ones. The thicker and more Wig
orous the pasture crops are, the poorer
the chances of the weeds to get hold.
Summer working, If begun early
enough and followed continuously
enough, not only kills the summer
weeds but 1t permits the grasses and
clovers to get start during the first
fall and winter and are likely to hold
throughout several years.
Instead of sowing down pastures to
oats, grasses, and clovers this spring,
1t would be wise to sow the oats alone
and just as soon as they are removed
begin preparation for the pasture crop.
The chances of success are far great
er. Fall seeding on we'll prepared land
Is the life insurance Of permanent pas
lures. 1t costs little more to SOW in
the fall, but the rate of insurance Is
too low to Justify taking the risk Of
spring sowing.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02
SUBSOIL METHOD OF
SUN MER BREAKING
(By J. C. McAmis, Division of Exten-
sion, University of Tennessee.)

(By J. c. McAmis, Division of Exten.
sion, University Of Tennessee,)
1t may happen this spring that a
great deal of the land which Is to
be planted in soy beans and COW peas
will become SO dry and hard that 1t
will be impossible to turn 1t with a
turn pillow at the best time. It nearly
always does happen that way.
1t may also happen that some land
now in grain will be sown to grain
again next fall, as is always the case.
bad as the practice may be.
There are many farmers who make
a practice of following winter grain
crops with peas or beans. This brings
with it the necessity of doing a great
deal of work in a short time when the
weather is hot and the ground usually
hard. 1t is difficult task.
A great deal Of sod land will be pre-
pared this summer for cover crop, a
winter pasture, or grain crop. Again
the breaking of the land Is often done
under difficulties.
Under any of these conditions the
land should never be turned with q
turn pillow, provided that the prepare
ton is begun before there Is much
growth of weeds and grass. Instead
of turning as usual, break the land
with subsoiler by blowing twelve to
fifteen inches apart and ten to twelve
inches deep. The hardness of the land
will determine how close the pillow
should be used. The soil should break
entirely across from one furrow to the
nearest one, moving the entire mass
of soil from one furrow to the next.
The implement must not throw
clods to the surface, but 1t must break
the soil, leaving it almost In place.
The Avery Subsoiler, with the mould.
board detached, has been used very
successfully in this way.
After breaking, disc until the sur.
face soil is thoroughly pulverized to
a depth of at least five inches. Keep
the land loose and free from weeds
until the crop is seeded.
The advantages of this method OF
breaking land are too numerous to
mention. 1t may be done when the
land is too hard for turn pillow. The
land does not dry out as 1t does from
turning. Contact is kept between the
subsoil and top soil. The vegetable
matter is not destroyed as in summer
turning. The richest soil Is left on
the surface to start the plants off well
Weed seeds are left on the surface
and killed by cultivation. The soil
can be broken great deal deeper and
more rapidly with less draft.
The breaking should always begin
as soon as the preceding crop is re
! moved while the soil is mellow and
before weed growth begins.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02
FERTILITY OF OUR LAND AND
LIVE STOCK HAVE SUFFERED
(By r. M. Murphy, Division Of Exten-
sion, University Of Tennessee.)

10y II. M. Murphy 0AFisAon Va &A~e~A
sion, University Of TENNESSEE
Not only has the fertility Of our
farming land suffered by our failure
to get good stands of clover for the
past few years, but our live stock has
also suffered because of lack OF feed.
stuffs sufficiently rich In protein to
supply their requirement of muscle
making material. We have tried to,
in q measure, make up for our loss by
using cowpeas and soy beans. and
while they are now very generally
grown and as hay furnishes q salts
factory substitute for clover. still on
many farms in the state the work
stock are forced to subsist, and 10 do
their daily work, on a ration composed
of corn, timothy, or of mixture of
the other grass hays, millet, corn fod.
der, or sorghum, all Of which are
good feeds in their proper places, but
which are all markedly low In protein
content.
Such q ration may be best i'm
proved by the use Of small quantity
of cottonseed meal. Cottonseed meal
Is our cheapest commercial source Of
protein, since 1t contains from 3S to
IL pounds of protein in each one hun
bred pounds of meal, or practically
three times as much as wheat bran
contains. 1t is very rich and for this
reason must be fed only In limited
quantities. Ordinarily 1000 pound
horse or mule should not be fed more
than two pounds per day, but this
amount may be fed continuously with
out any danger of evil effects. The
proportion of cottonseed meal to corn
In the ration should not exceed one
pound OF cottonseed meal to FIVE
pounds Of corn. One pound Of cotton
seed meal when used In this way will
save two pounds of corn, and since
corn is worth practically as much
pound for pound as cottonseed meal,
the use of two pounds Of cottonseed
meal In the ration means the saving
of four pounds of corn, or ration
three cents cheaper per day, or saw
ing of ten dollars per year, and in
addition the work stock will be kept
up in much better condition and look
better.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02
THE FOUNDATION BREEDING
STUDS OF pERCHERON HORSES

A very attractive bulletin has just
been published by the Agricultural Di-
vision, Traffic Department, of the N.
c. & st. l.. Ry., describing the ami
mails composing the foundation breed
ing studs of Percheron horses recently
established at the West Tennessee Elk.
pertinent Station, at Jackson, Tenn.
The establishment of this breeding
stud was made possible through funds
supplied by the above railroad COM
pany, and Is another instance of the
efforts the railroads and other public
institutions are making toward help
ing the farmer to better agricultural
methods. This fund Of $1,000 was
turned over to the Tennessee Expert
ment Station, and has been spent for
the very best Percherons obtainable.
The stud now consists of FIVE mares,
all bred when purchased, ranging In
age from two to five years, and first
class young stallion.
The purpose of this stud Is to sup
ply Percheron stations to the farmers
OF the State at reasonable price. At
present there are few counties where
the farmers have escaped the purchase
of company horse of the draft type,
and all too frequently these animals
have proven unsatisfactory despite
their high cost. Most company horses
cost $4,000 or more and have little to
their credit in the way OF breeding.
All the stallion colts from this stud
will be for sale to the farmers of the
State at price not exceeding $500.
Any farmer, or any community OF
farmers, within the State may pur-
chase one of them but they will not
be allowed to sell this stallion, except
back through the Experiment Station,
for more than the original purchase
price. This provision is made to pre-
vent the stations from being sold out
side the State All of the filly colts
are to be kept at the Station to in
crease the number of breeding mares
in the stud. When stallion is sold,
the price received for 1t will be turned
over to the railroad toward paying
back the original fund.
This is a most important step, as
there Is such rapidly growing de.
mand for heavier draft stock on the
farms in the south. Not only will 1t
assist materially in increasing the size
of farm horses, but 1t also furnishes
the most economical method of procur.
ing mares suitable for the production
of heavier mules. The first cross of a
Percheron stallion with the average
Tennessee breeding mare will in
crease the size and weight thirty to
forty per cent. This will mean mares
weighing 1900 to 1,400 pounds, instead
of 800 to 1000 pounds, with CORE
spending increase in the size of mules
A breeding stud similar to the above
is being established at the Expert.
| ment Station at Knoxville through
funds supplied by the Holston National
Bank of Knoxville, Tenn, and for the
same purpose,
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02

One demonstrator reports an aver
age yield OF 64.S4 bushels of corn per
acre over thirty-three acres. He also
reports that he has eighteen acres yet
to harvest that was planted later and
cultivated under demonstration meth
DDS, the same as the thirty-three acres,
and anticipates an average yield Of
seventy or seventy-fve bushels per
acre. An outside farmer had such a
poor yield on ten or fifteen acres that
he did not attempt to harvest 1t. In
this same tract he had other corn that
we roughly estimated that his maxi
mum yield could not possibly exceed
thirty bushels per acre. This man vol
unfairly admits his failure and says
that his entire farm must be worked
under demonstration methods next
year.-E. 8. Roberds. Hardin county.
November 2s. 1914
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02
BIG TENNESSEE ORCHARDS
(By C. A. Keffer, Division OF Exten-
sion, University of Tennessee.)

(By C. A. Keffer, Division Of Exten-
sion, University of Tennessee)
The largest commercial peach or
chards in Tennessee are in Roane
county, in the vicinity of Kingston.
Here the Clinch river flows into the
Tennessee, and round-topped ridges
rise to a height of 400 feet above the
water.
Ten years ago Professor Crowder'
planted an orchard of two thousand
trees on slope facing the river, and
this orchard has not failed to produce
crop since 1t came into bearing and
almost all the crops being highly
profitable.
Attracted by his success. others in
the vicinity have planted orchards,
until now there are over $4,000 peach
trees in commercial orchards In the
Kingston neighborhood. Cherries and
pears have also been quite extensively
planted. The majority OF these or
chards are not yet in bearing, but sue
cesses hitherto give promise of estab-
fishing fruit growing as most profit
able enterprise.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02
HURRY THE SPRAYING
FOR SAN JOSE SCALE
(By G. A. Keffer, Division OF Exten.
sion, University Of Tennessee.l

(By G. A. Keffer, Division OF Exten.
sion, University of Tennessee.)
The month Of March Is the most IA
vorable time for killing San Jose scale,
but the work Of spraying must be done
before the fruit blossoms open, as the
concentrated lime-sulphur solution.
which is the best scale remedy, is so
strong that 1t will kill the bloom. 1t
can be used with perfect safety even
when the peach buds are pink, pro-
vided the flowers are not open.
Spray thoroughly. To reach every
part of the tree, 1t is best to prune
we'll before spraying, being especially
careful to head back the small limbs
that project beyond the general aver
age of the crown.
II the trees are badly infested with
scale, they should be "dehorned," or
cut back very severely. Peach trees
may be headed back by cutting off
branches three inches or more In d.
ameter.
Keep the nozzle moving, reach
every part of the tree. The only scale
insects that are killed are the ones
that are touched by the spray-their
food can not be poisoned. Spray until
the solution begins to drip from the
limbs.
Before beginning the work put on
old clothes, cover the face and neck
with vaseline, wear goggles to protect
the eyes, and gloves soaked in oil to
protect the hands. Cover the horses
with burlap.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02
TURNING THE COVER CROP
(By J. c. McAmis, Division of Exten.
sion, University Of Tennessee.)

10Y y. VI mCAmisp blfislOu VI EAtSn-
sion, University Of Tennessee.)
Do not allow the winter crop to be-
come too far advanced in growth be.
fore turning 1t under. The tendency
has been in that direction In the past,
in a hope of getting the largest pos
sible amount Of vegetable matter into
the SOIL
The soil may not receive as much
matter by turning a little earlier, but
that which it does receive will be In
such condition that 1t will decay and
take effect Immediately, because all
plants must decay before they are OF
much use to the soil.
II crops are too big and woody be-
fore they are turned, they not only
do not produce beneficial effect as
quickly as is often expected, but they
may even be injurious to the following
crops, especially in dry seasons on
thin shallow land.
In their growth they have taken up
a great deal of the soils available
plant food. 1t is given up to the next
crop only after decaying, which takes
place very slowly in more matured
plants.
Besides, il they are turned under in
a mass, they remain between the top
soil and subsoil and prevent the rise
of water from below. Water comes up
In dry seasons and goes into the soil
In wet ones.
To insure the highest returns from
the winter cover crop 1t must be cut
up with sharp disc previous to break.
ing, and 1t must be turned before there
Is much woody material in 1t.
Ordinarily, when summer crop 10
to follow, 1t is best to turn the grain
crops just before they head out, and
crimson clover when II has begun to
bloom well.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02

There Is a growing sentiment in
Laurence county for better live stock.
Five different men are seriously con-
sidering buying a pure bred bull and
two others have bought one. The
pure bred sire is going to come, and
from the progress, the time is not far
of. The exhibit Of five beef bulls a
few weeks ago has interested many
people in better cattle.-C. P. Barrett.
Laurence county.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02

]. W. Moffatt, county agent for Fay.
cite county, held field meeting on
farm where they have ninety head
grade Angus cattle and twenty-five
steers feeding on silage, cottonseed
meal and corn stover, and eighty head
of hogs finishing on corn and cotton
seed meal. Had good attendance.-J.
w. Moffatt, Fayette county. Noysm'
Der 2S, 1914.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-02
TO GET BETTER
LIVE STOCK
Is the Most Important Ques-
Before the Tennessee
Farmers Today
COOPERATION IS NECESSARY

Community Bull Suggested 40 the
Best Method of Improving Live
stock-Great Opportunity for I'm.
provement.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-07-17

strengthen the law so as to protect
shippers. but there was put into the
bill a cryptic proviso that ''if the goods
are hidden from view by wrapping.
boxing, or other means. and the carrier
is not notified as to the character OF
the goods. the carrier may require the
shipper to specifically state in writing
the value of the goods and the carrier
shall not be liable beyond the amount
so specifically stated, in which case
the Interstate Commerce Commission
may establish and maintain rates for
transportation dependent upon the
value OF the property shipped as
specifically stated in writing by the
shipper"
The Interstate Commerce Commits
sion held that the personal baggage
of passenger comes under this head;
hence all the trouble.
If the courts sustain the interpreta-
ton put upon the proviso by the Inter
state Commerce Commission, the next
session of Congress, beyond doubt,
will be nightly petitioned, either to
strike out the proviso altogether or to
so amend it as to prevent its continued
application to the baggage of pas
sengers.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-07-17
BOOKS AND MAGAZINES

Marcus Horton, author of the re-
Gently published novel. Bred OF the
Desert" the story of a horse and his
owner, has approached in fiction what
the Russians have done in fact. He
recognizes the great service of the
horse to man in peace and makes one
OF his characters repeat an imaginary
prayer of the horse to his master. The
Russians have put into their war
liturgy the following petition for
horses: And for those also, o Lord,
the humble beasts. who. with us, bear
the burden and heat of the day, and
offer their guiltless lives for the WELL
being Of their countries, we supplicats
Thy great tenderness of heart. For
Thou hast promised to save both man
and beast, and great is Thy loving
Kindness. Lord have mercy!"
Sir Gilbert Parker was the recipient
OF one OF the six baronetcies conferred
by King George on his birthday,
June 8. His services to the empire are
not only those he renders as a MEM
Der Of parliament, but he may be said
to be one of the writer's who have
helped crystalline imperial sentiment
b. means of his novels. Canada's share
OF romance he portrays in The Right
OF Way. Northern Lights" ETC.; |;
Battle Of the Strong and The Ladder
OF Swords" BY what methods and
what men Britain holds Egypt, he
shows in THE Weavers;" in Cum
ner's Son" there are the South Sea
Islands and in The Judgment House,
there is South Africa at the time of the
Boer War
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-07-17
BRYAN ESSENTIAL TO WILSON

CENATOR JOHN W. KERN, of
y Indiana, has been in Washing
ton of late, and has added no
little caloric to the Capitol's torrid
summer temperature by some heated
observations regarding the relations
between Wilson and Bryan. The
Senator declares that the President
will have Bryan's earnest support for
denomination and for reelection; and
he adds that Bryan's support is essen
tial to Wilson if the latter is to have
a second term.
Essential is right. Bryan made
wilson-as Champ Clark can testify.
Bryan can eliminate Wilson. Indeed,
it is probable that he has already
done so.
During the next sixteen months
there will be constant endeavor on
the part of the Presidents friends to
show that he and his ex-Secretary of
terms-and the Kern interview is the
forerunner of a series of such state
ments which will appear regularly.
AS a matter of fact, Senator Kern's
declaration is much warmer than the
relations between President Wilson
and Bryan. For months it has been
known here that the Nebraskan lead
er had chafed under the thraldom
which the new freedom" has put
upon him. He has learned. as strong
men at Princeton learned, that Wood
row Wilson cannot abide to have any
one near him who can be looked
upon as a possible rival. Though
holding the chief place at the Presi-
dents council table, Bryan had felt
himself shouldered aside and crowd
ed into a corner.
The sequel to Bryan's resignation
will be delayed for a time, but it will
be forthcoming. Former Bryan men
like Senator Kern, who have political
troubles of their own. will go up and
down the land declaring that all is
serene between Bryan and Wilson.
But the truth is far otherwise. Bryan
may render lip-service to Wilson as
he did to Parker in 1904. But Bryan's
friends, and they are legion, will re-
member the slight which Woodrow
Wilson has put upon the man who
made him.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-07-17
THE BABY's VACATION

| N ! this time or the year the trains
"a and boats are carrying thou
sands of families to the sea-
shore, the mountains, or the farms for
their annual vacations from the hot
and crowded cities.
Among the host of travellers are
many babies and young children. In
deed. it is chiefly on account of them
that parents are willing to take all the
trouble involved in the annual sum-
mer pilgrimage, the weariness Of the
of temporary home.
They are, however, usually repaid
by the increased health of the chill
dren, and in the early weeks of Sep
tember the trains are again filled with
returning families of happy children
whose sunburned cheeks. arms and
legs and irrepressible spirits show
what tonic fingers in mountainside or
country spaces.
Unfortunately. this is not always the
case. Whether or not this change
from city to country life is to be alto
gether beneficial or not depends upon
the sort of living conditions into which
the children will come, and upon the
character of the milk supply and the
drinking water.
In most cities. mothers, whether
poor or rich, may have the benefit of
carefully inspected milk and drinking
water. In the country, it is wise
precaution to look into these matters
before selecting the summer home.
Flies and mosquitoes are two great
enemies of the baby, Affecting not
merely his comfort. but endangering
his health, and possibly his life. In
going to the country, the mother
should select, If possible. place where
the doors and windows and the porches
are screened and one where water
closets or some form of sanitary privy
is in use. The latter improvements are
not, necessarily. very expensive, and
should be provided.
The prudent mother will include a
bolt of cotton netting in the outfit she
takes to the country in order that the
| DdOy CIlO, al lGeASlt may bS pEOlSGlSO
from insects.
In going to a new place with a
baby all the drinking water, and the
milk, also, should be boiled or pasteur-
lied If from strange supply about
the cleanliness of which the mother
knows nothing.
The two most common mistakes
made in travelling with children are
with respect to their clothes and theiI
,, food In the hot summer weather, for
long journey, the little child should
be dressed only in the sleeveless gauze
shirt and diaper. with one thin outer
garment A sleeveless, low-neckec
slip of white china silk Is best, since
it is much cooler than cotton, sheds
the dust and can be washed out il
the basin when soiled. The over
dressed child on the train is not only
uncomfortable, but she is her mother:
badge of bad taste.