davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1915-05-20
The origin Of playing cards is uncer-

The origin OF playing cards is uncer-
tain, although it is probable that they
appeared In Europe in 1850. 1t is as
serted, however, that the Arabs, Sara
Gems, or Moors, introduced them into
Europe by way of Spain. They are
said to have been brought from the
country of the Saracens to Viterbo in
italy in 1879. The earliest known mem
ton of European cards ccurs in 1892.
Early in the Fifteenth century the use
OF playing cards spread all over Europe.
A duty was first placed on playing
cards In England in 1915. 1t is esti-
mated that Ii. 10000 packs ara nnual
" manufactured in the United States.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1915-05-20
INDIAN CHARGED WITH
ROBBERY OF POSTOFEiCE

Winner. S. D.. May 15.-Chares Des-
ersa. an Indian, was arrested by Post
office Inspector John J.. Gibney IN a
federal warrant charging him with the
robbery of $11.50 from the postoffice
at Wood. S. D.. December 15, 1914. The
prisoner was brought before United
States Commissioner Ziebach yester-
day, waived preliminary examination,
and was bound over to the federal court
in 81, 200 bond. Being nable to furnish
bond, Desersa was turned over to the
custody OF sheriff of Trip county.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1915-05-20

Intercourse between Russia and Eng
iand began in the middle of the Six
still open, via the White sea. 1t was
q hazardous and costly voyage The
crews of two OF the three ships with
which Richard Chancellor made his
nrst trip in 1863 were frozen to death.
Sir Hugh Willoughby among them. On
his second venture In 1856 Chancellor
brought back with him a Russian
bassador. Osip Nejea. Two Of the ships
were never heard Of again and the Ed
ward Bonacentura, after four months
at sea, was wrecked on the Scottish
coast. Chancellor, nan of the crew.
and seven Russians persisted, but Osip
Nejea was among the survivors, and
the English lords and merchants went
out In state beyond Shoreditch to vel
come his duke of Muscovia."
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1915-05-20
MAJ. C. BOYD BARRETT DIES
FROM PARALYTlC STROKE

Aberdeen. S. D., May Is. - Maj. C.
Boyd Barrett, pioneer newspaper pub
Usher of Aberdeen. receiver of United
States land office here during Cleve-
lands second administration, city
treasurer of &1erdeen and democratic
candidate for Congress during the pres
dental campaign of 1912, died here last
evening from the effects of a paralytic
stroke suffered two years ago.
He served in the Thirty-fifth Virginia
battalion. Ashby's brigade. under Gems.
Stonewall Jackson. Rosseau and Rob-
art e. Lee during the civil a He
came to Aberdeen in 1882, residing here
ever since.
FLANDREAU-At the home OF his
daughter. Mrs. j.. NJ. Bennett. OF this city.
~ccurred the death of Charles F. Rath-
man. one of the pioneer settlers of this
part of Moody county. Although he had
not been of robust health for some time
mis- death was quite sudden and
I'd. He was born In Prussia in IS2S and
came to the United States when a mere
youth. Thirty-five years ago he came
from Iowa and located on a homestead
near Egan. Later he was ergaseE
.he hardware business IN Eexp, eonni;
from Egan to FlfEdreau ani ecsasisg
the hotel business. For seye.al yes. n,
proprietor of the Fianl3eaa l.oass
The broad ax., 1915-06-19

The use OF a tooth wash does not
approach the conditions OF laboratory
test, though there can be little doubt
that a good deal OF germicidal work In
the mouth is done by the vigorous ap-
plication of the toothbrush. and 1t may
be pointed out that the tongue may
well be included in the process To be
effective, however. the action OF all an
tiseptics takes time, according to the
vitality Of the organisms they encount-
er, and usually the tooth brushing
process does not occupy many seconds.
This question OF time exposure is i'm
portant. but 1t IS very generally over
looked and consequently the antisepdc
treatment Of the teeth falls short OF
that effectiveness which is shown to
be the case In laboratory experiments
The tooth washing process should be
more prolonged and the antiseptic wash
allowed to remain In contact with the
teeth and gums for some minutes In
stead Of seconds before finally washing
the mouth clear OF antiseptc with
plain water.-London Lancet
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
ThiaYerN In chiIa.

The Chilean masses have a bad
name for larceny. In Chilean ports
ship passengers are warned to lock
their cabin doors, and loaded lighters
have to be guarded at night Chilean
stokers VIII saw through the bulkhead
into the vessels hold, steal goods and
hide them in the coal bunkers TIL the
night after they arrive In port, when
they find opportunity to lower them
oversize to a confederate in boat un-
der cover OF darkness Harbor thieves
win even cut a hole In the bow Of a
vessel and make OF with bOatloads Of
freight The Germans Of southern
Chile have the worst opinion OF Chilean
honesty, and in Santiago was hidden
notice the high walls and grated win
dows Of the houses Of the better class.
Professor Edward Alsworth Ross IN
South Of Panama"
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
W.IIinntnn,a Wounded.

Il Is difficult to realize the callous-
ness toward the sick and wounded
against which Wellington struggled In
the peninsula One evening at dinner
he heard that at a post several miles
away a large number Of sick soldiers
were lying In the open, exposed to the
weather. He rode promptly to the
place, found the sick in the plight de-
scribed, while the healthy officers were
In comfortable houses, and was told
by the commanding officer that therS
was no accommodation for the sick.
he instantly arranged in detail for the
biIIeting Of the sick In those houses,
but, suspecting what might follow
paid a surprise visit the next night
and found that the invalids had again
been turned out into the open Well
Ington Immediately reinstated them
arrested the officers and had them
tried and dismissed for disobedience-
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
His YaIIer~eed.

Many persons are under the impres-
sion that America has few, IL any, na-
tive plants worthy Of cultivation in the
home garden They have been accus-
toned to look upon them as weeds and
wild things. and so unfamiliar are they
with native flowers that they fail to
recognize them when they meet them
outside their native haunts. A writer
tells how he transplanted a stalk OF
goldenrod from a fence corner in the
pasture to a place In his garden 1t
fiourished luxuriantly and sent up
many stalks as high as a mans head,
each crowned with a great plume OF
brilliant flowers. A neighbor was at
tracted by the beauty Of the plant and
declared it must have cost its owner
some dollars When told, however,
that numbers Of the same plant were
hourishing behind his barn he exclaim-
ed: WHAT You mean to tell me it's
yaIlerweedr' And he went away with
the air OF one who had been imposed
upon.-Country Gentleman
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
rh. Darkness Before Dawn.

It is proverbial that ''the darkest
hour precedes the dawn" W. F. Den
ming. the English authority on me-
teors, has recently called attention to
the literal accuracy Of this proyerb, as
established by his own observations
on thousands OF nights. He says:
Before dawn a greater darkness
seems to drop down like a mantle upon
the immediate surroundings. Objects
which were plainly observable during
the previous hours Of the night are
blotted out, and a nervous feeling is
sometimes induced by the dense opac-
fly Of the air"
He claims to have noticed this
phenomenon when the subject was far
from his thoughts. so that it could not
have been purely subjective. he Is
unable to state the exact interval be
fore sunrise when the remarkable dark.
ness comes on nor whether It is com
mon 10 each season and sky conditions
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
Ianan First With japanese.

Every japanese is a japanese first,
whatever else he may be second In
this unified patriotism they are incom-
parable. 1t extends even to the minor
affairs Of life. There Is no japanese,
Of high or low degree. who will admit
any fault of his country to foreigner,
however strict his censure may be
when talking to his friends. If there
are faults the japanese conceal them
They never volunteer any information
as to drawbacks. and they always have
an excuse for failures. No condition
can arise in Japan whereby foreigner
can learn from a japanese Of anything
to the detriment OF the country. The
statesmen will not tell you anything
The coolies viii not tell you anything.
They are units OF concealment They
put the good face on everything. 1t Is
] Japan first with them. Japan first al
ways, and always a super-Japan.-Sam-
uel G. Blythe In Saturday Evening
/ Post
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
!Ianor.,, Eam. In India.


As showing something OF Rubindra-
nath Tagore's fame In bis native India,
Ernest Rhys tells the following story
In his biography Of Tagore:
@Mr. Montague. the undersecretary
OF state for India. was on one occasion
riding through an Indian forest at
night when he came upon a clearing
where two or three men sat around the
fire. Not being certain OF the road.
says Mr.. Rhys. ''he was glad to dis
mount and rest his tired horse. Shortly
after he had joined the group a poor
looking. Ill clothed lad came out Of the
forest and sat down also at the IRE.
First cne Of the men sang a song and
then another The boys turn came.
and he sang a song more beautiful both
in words and music than the rest
When asked who had made the song
he said that he did not know. they
were singing these songs everywhere
Awhile after Mr.. Montague heard the
words that he had used again. this
time In a very different place. and
when he asked for the name OF the
maker of the song he heard for the
first time the name OF Rabindranath
TaRore."
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
o,ioin AZ -Editor.s

One Of the most interesting verbal
or pathological trails that scholars now
are following into the past for light on
origins Is that which has the word
editor" stamped upon IL Yale's au-
thority on evolution of English speech.
Professor LouHybury. could ind no ear
Ter use OF the term as applied to the
chief writer and director OF a period
lea than In 1T6S, but there Is evidence
IN the superb collection Of British and
american newspapers owned by the
Antiquarian society. Worcester, Mass,
that IL was so used In 1851. The al
legged use Of the title In the Boston
Newsletter OF IT'S proves. on exami-
nation Of the file In the Boston public
library, TO be inaccurate. Undoubtedly
Isaiah Thomas. in 1773. spoke OF him.
self as editor Of the Royal American
Magazine. The interesting point TO be
noted, while the hunters are busy on
the trail, is that, relatively speaking.
editor Is a new word In Journalism.
Printer" and publisher" preceded It.
Christian Science Monitor.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
MaeauIay and His Razors-

Macaulay was a self shaver-though
not with a safety-and the woeful re-
suits are recorded In his biography.
When he sailed for India and his cham
bers were cleared there were found
between fifty and sixty strops, hacked
into strips and splinters, and innumer-
able razors In every stage Of disrepair.
At one time he hurt his hand and had
to 60 to the barber. After the opera
ton he asked the charge. "oh, what
ever you usually give the person who
shaves you" was the answer. In that
case" said Macaulay, II should give
you a great cash on either cheek
London Mirror.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
Wav of the BlueiaV.

The bluejay-Cyanocitta cristan-a
purely an American bird. He Is about
twelve inches long. Is light pGrplish
blue above and graying below. The
collar and frontlet are black and the
wings and tail ultramarine. barred,
the outer tail feathers being tipped
with white. What a graceful, beauti-
ful bird this Is, impertinent and noisy,
his raucous scream followed by a Choir
tie that sounds much like a mocking
-Ha, ha. ha. oh. my" He is accused
Of robbing the farmers corn crib. Of
sucking the eggs Of other birds and
even Of tearing to pieces their young.
The sportsman as he goes through the
woods. gun In hand. thoroughly hates
the Jay. which Is a kind Of game war
den, sounding an alarm to the other
birds as their enemy approaches. Nat
uraltsts have placed him in the crow
family despite his beautiful plumage,
but his manners and his morals are
more Ike those OF the sparrow hawk
Indianapolis News.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
PAas YTvB
whaI. curiOs;tiss.

Little Is really known about his
whaleship. This Is surprising. eonsid-
ering he Is such an interesting subject
The blue or sulphur bottom whale q
the largest animal living today. Spec
linens have measured eighty-seven feet
In length. which In all probability
weighed about seyenty-fve tons Odd
ly enough. although the mouth VIII
permit twelve men to stand In 1t the
throat Is only nine inches in diameter.
These particular whales feed on MI
mute shrimps-abOut three-quarters or
an inch in length-and they probably
never touch fish while they can obtain
these. From the inside Of one Of these
whales FIVE barrels Of shrimps were
taken. The sperm whale possesses
spermaceti in liquid form In the up
per portion OF its head. From one OF
these whales twenty barrels OF sper-
maceti were taken out OF the ease"
This same type Of whale also yields
ambergris. that valuable substance
used so extensively in the manufac-
ture Of our best perfumes
The broad ax., 1915-06-19

~One OF the most curious experiences
I ever had says James Oliver Cur
wood, the author. occurred on my first
trip to James bay, the southern por-
tion Of Hudson bay. We reached the
bay Just at sunset II happened that
was the first to awaken in the morn
ing. and when I crawled out OF my
tepee gave a yell that reused the
camp. The sea was gone! Not a sign
OF that vast grass grown dip in which
It had been Ny first thought, and a
natural one, was that was out OF my
head. Where had the sea gone? Had
we really camped on its shore the night
before7 / strained my eyes, but could
see nothing but that dip speckled with
pools Of water. was In the company
OF a Hudson bay factor at the time.
and I turned to find him laughing.
Then the explanation came At this
point James bay was unusually shall
low. and at low tide the sea dropped
back seven milesl During the night 1t
had actually left rs seven miles IN
land"
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
Crack of q Bullet.

That bullets neither whine. hiss,
howl. hum nor whisper, novelists 10
the contrary notwithstanding. is In
formation given by Edward c. Cross
man In Outing. With one possible ex-
conformation In certain conditions OF
open country modern military bullets
hiss to those standing back OF the mr.
ing Iine-nothing is audible except q
sharp crash Of air closing around the
bullets base when 1t travels at mgn
speed. At a velocity Of 1,5OO feet a
second, or more, the noise Is IKE
nothing 50 much as a long ana very
violently cracked blacksnake whip
Those who stand far enough from the
rife hear the bullets crack ana later
the dun, thudding noise Of the rife II
self. which has been outspeeded- JACK
L.ondon makes a soldier hit at 600 yard
range first hear the sound OF the mod
ern rife and then feel the blow OF the
bullet. But the bullet would have dn-
ed him half a second before the SOUND
from the rife reached him
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
The SIav Raes.

History has contributed to sep
arate the two masses Of Slavs. The
Mongol yoke for two centuries intro
duced Asiatic customs among the Rus
sian Slavs- The Turkish yoke for
many centuries and down 10 our own
times Influenced the character and Gus
toms Of the Bulgars and Serbs. On
the other hand, the Latin Slays fol-
lowed the historical evolutions Of the
occident-they were with Godfrey de
Bouilon at the crusades, they were
touched with the fame Of the renais-
sance, they have had their part In the
Development Of modern thought-Ltt'
erary Dirsst.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
Bullet STOPPING Tricks.

Five feet Of clay, three feet Of loose
earth, or two and a half feet Of sand
win stop a modern rife bullet at the
closest range; but, curiously enough, as
the layman may think, ramming earth
hard reduces its resisting power. and
high velocity bullets have less pene-
tration In sand at short than at me-
dium range. Eighteen inches OF sand
between boards Is bullet proof, also
nine inches of well built brick work.
Soft wood, Ike fr, across the grain Is
bullet proof at point blank range II
forty-eIght inches thick, or at SOC yards
II half as thick Similarly, twenty
seven inches Of hard wood, like oak,
Is point blank proof, or fifteen inches
at 500 yards. Half an inch OF wrought
iron or mild steel, a quarter Of an inch
Of hard steel. or a fifth OF an inch of
special steel is bullet proof. So are
six inches OF shingle, fifteen inches Of
coal, or. as some people may be sur
prised to know. eight feet OF snow
London Express.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
Napkin Rinas.

But for the napkin rings. They are
relics OF a departed age, reminders OF
the era OF the Saturday night bath. the
old folks concerts and the painted pan
Dramas OF the Nile. They abide now In
out of the way corners, tarnished and
forgotten, bands Of old silver, often az
fectionately inscribed at the command
Of givers long since turned TO dust
They are the sort OF reminders OF q
gentler but less fastidious generation
that we do not like to part with ex-
cept for some good reason and have no
desire TO keep. The serial napkin went
long ago. To the melting pot, by all
means, with the rings, and that they
may melt up into millions Of dollars
worth Of silver is our sincere wish
New York Times
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
: kn6s q Rul,Il,l b. p.l.oa-


Probably the most remarkable build
Ing constructed wholly OF ice was the
palace built on the Neva by the Czan-
IA Anne Of Russia Large blocks Of
Ice were cut and squared with great
care and laid on one another by skill
tul masons, who cemented the joints
with water, which Immediately froze.
The building, when completed, was
hfty-six feet long. seventeen and one
half feet broad and twenty-one feet
high. 1t was OF but one story. The
facade contained a door surmounted by
an ornamental pediment and six win
dows, the frames and panes OF which
were all OF ice An elaborate bslus-
trade, adorned with statues, ran along
the top OF the facade and another bal
ustrade surrounded the building at the
level OF the ground The grounds were
further adorned with a life size figure
Of an elephant, with his mahout on
his back A stream OF water was
thrown from the elephants trunk by
day and a flame Of naphtha by night
A tent OF fee contained a hot bath.
In which persons actually bathed. There
were also several cannons and mortars
OF ice, which were loaded with bullets
OF ice and iron and discharged
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
Chinese Names of Places.

Chinese names Of places often define
their character. Thus the terminal
yang means fortress, Pingyang the
fortress Of peace" ''Cheng' means
walled city" shan Is a mountain.
'haf'' the sea, "Kuan" a camp; thus
Shankaikuan Is the mountain sea
camp" A cling" Is a mountain pass;
Motienling. near Mukden, Is the
heaven scraping pass"
The sufixes tao" and ito" indicate
islands; "po' or pho" a harbor;
evan" a bay; "kiang" and "ho," a
river; ''kow." a port; ''fu." first class
city; 'Ju." a provincial capital -Pef"
Is north. man" is south. ''king' Is cap
ital. These sufhxes help tO explain
such familiar names In these days as
Sanshantao. ChemulpO. Talienwan,
YangtsekIang, Hoangho, Ylnkow, Che
IN, Anju, Peking and Nanking.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
Bacon on Sea Power.

II was Francis Bacon, after the snlps
Of England had destroyed the IN
vincfble armada" who in a chapter
entitled -of the True Greatnesse OK
Kingdomes and Estates" proclaimeo
hIs idea thst sea power is world pow
Ct. He said:
srWe see me great Effects Of Bat
tsfIes by Sea. The Battaile OF Aeaum
decided the Empire Of the World Ine
Rattafle Of Lepanto arrested tne
Greatuesse Of the Turka Tnere %
nsT~ Examples, where sea-B1ght
h9Ve besne Email to the Wanei 81
10 4. when Princes o. States. na1s
- uD Their Rest upon the Butte.
put tins much Il eertaine; Tnnt -
Who Commands the Sea, is at greL.
Liberty. ana may take - muen' -
- ItfIs Of ths Ware - ns W.
Wheruas those, that Be strongsss 2
Irnd. are many times nsVsEthsAes y
great straights
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
A LittIe Problem.

II the telephone company charges ID
cents to carry your voice across the
Hudson river. and If the telegraph
company charges 25 cents to carry ten
words across. and II the ferryboat
charges 3 cents to carry your body
across, and II the tunnels charge z
cents for carrying your body under the
Hudson river. and II the express COM
panies charge % cents for carrying a
20 pound parcel across. and IL the gov
ernment charges Is cents for carrying
a 20 pound parcel across, compute the
amount Of logic in a square inch OF
modern civilization.-Life.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
III. cIaarmaIesru, LUXURY.

Besides the privilege Of having news
papers and novels read to him while he
works, the Cuban cigarmaker demands
another indulgence-that Of cheering
his labors with cigars provided by the
firm Every morning six high grade
wrappers are handed to him for his
own use, and In these he folds as much
as he likes Of the tobacco supplied him
for the days work The cigars thus
made and consumed are said to cost
the Havana tobacco industry a sum Of
close on $4,000 a year. The head of
one great firm once declared that he
would willingly make over his factory
and plantations 10 his employees II In
return they undertook to give him the
cigars they rolled for themselves.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
rhaLoon q Good Diver.

As a diver the loon excels, and natn-
rally, for It Is his sole means Of hyeh-
hood. Not only is he marvelously quick
but he can remain under water for
a seemingly endless time In swim
ming under water he uses both wings
and feet and can 60 for several hun
dred yards In this fashion. The loon
Ike many other waterfowl, sleeps on
the water with his head tucked under
hfs wing.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
QUIN CHAPEL

A splendid musical program was rem
dered by the choir last Sunday morn
ing and evening under direction Of
Prof. Edward Morris, organist. "Soul s
Awakening" was impressively sung by
Madam Rosa Lee Tyler, Mrs. Laura
Williams sang go Divine Redeemer," "
"Sanctus" was ably rendered by
Mr.. A Gerwood-Maiolo the Ha-
waiian Tenor, Mr.. W. C. Buck
ner sang beautifully, A Basso Solo.
Rev. Joseph C. Anderson preached on
the Insurance against trouble with ade-
quate scripture references.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
Ds6nino n Batman.

What IS a batman7 The term seems
to be a military one 1t apparently
means the driver or manager OF pack
horses. A bat horse Is a pack horse
which carries officers luggage Bat
Is a pack saddle and, like so many mill
tary words. it Is French There Is q
common French proverb, ~Cest Ia que
le bat Ie blesse"-'-That Is where the
saddle hurts" or, as we say, where
the shoe Observation-Disclosures Guar
dian.
The broad ax., 1915-06-19
THE HOTEL LINCOLN Is RUNNING
AT PULL BLAST.

Last Saturday, June u, the Hotel
Lincoln, Long Island, N. Y, which is
under the management of Mrs. c. A.
Breckenridge, held its formal grand
opening. The leading new features of
the Hotel Lincoln are frst-elass serv-
ice, ocean boating, Sunday concerts,
delightful music, new tennis court and
dancing afternoons and evenings.
(See ad in another column of this
paper)