davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

the town. Behind US the others were
pressing forward. not knowing what
had happened at the van. Sobs and
means filed the air. Men and women
grew hysterical In the tumult a
child was choked 10 death. We were
hcrded together like flock OF sheep
and forced TO spend the night in the
open fields.
We begged p!teously that a few
OF us should be allowed TO enter the
town and buy bread and wood. but our
prayers were vain. The officers threat
ened to shoot any Jews who would
enter the town. Some OF us drew near
20 talk with the local Jews. only TO be
driven back with brutal blows
In the morning we set out again
on our way. We did not try TO halt
at the towns We passed. Such an at
tempt would have been useless and
would only have embarrassed thu
Jews who lived there and whose own
position was none too secure.
I've trunged on, hungry and "a
hausted. Ever and anon the Poles
would come out from the neighbor-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

He IS out Of his senses the mil
.t.aman explained to me in a low
voice
The gray headed jew began to
rock himself back and forth. repeating
in a low murmur:
"'Be!Nsl Beias,'
He Is one OF the victims the
m!,itiaman said sadly: That's the
way he's been acting since we arrived
here. He ought 10 be put in an
institution. but where can We find such
a place now? So ne Ia here with us.
with the sane. He does not trouble
any one He Is very quiet
The miIuaman continued his
story
We directed our steps toward
Warsaw, some eighty versts distant.
We had TO carry the invalids and the
children during the entire Journey.
Rut We had become har1ened TO SUI
terlng Of late and might have horne
~ "-.;h cc--t.a.:. a-.rc-,.-- -. -esigna-
ton.
" The worst part Of our experience
was, however. thar all along tho way
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

The Jews are not a nation seeking
a country in which 10 unfold their ma
;!onality by means OF an Independent
state. Jews have long outgrown that
kind OF nationality. They do not wish
TO be known as nation like Servia,
Montenegro. SC. They are a religious
community and nothing else. They
therefore have the right TO dwell all
over the world. They become good
citizens in all countries as soon as they
are granted political and economic
freedom.
THE present conception OF nation
based on race is all wrong. And even
worse is the idea that a State must
be the expression OF such nation
based on race. The slogan that gov
eminent must coincide with NATIONAL
ity' is disastrous 10 the interests OF
humanity. A true democratic State Is
based on the idea Of man and his
rights, irrespective Of his race or re-
ligion. our country gives the most
glorious example OF such democratic
state My thinking on this subject
therefore, is determined both by my
Americanism and by my Judaism.
THE few Jewish nationalists-a
minority OF Jewry-who would seek in
Palestine resurrection Of a Jewish
nationality of "A political character
nave become so because OF adopting
the intense nationalism which has
dominated European thought for the
last three decades. and which, in my
opinion, is the profoundes; spiritual
cause Of the present war The ex-
IRENE form of such nat!onalism vents
itself in a desire 10 reject Jewish ele-
ments from the body polite. Jewry
only plays into the hands of such anti
Judaism II 1t consents 10 adopt as its
own that line OF thought.
Humanity is to-day a higher con-
option than nationality. To rest gov
eminent on nationality and the latter
the physical heritage of race is, in
The last analysis, 10 bark back TO
primitive conditions Of barbarism and
make the world a group OF peoples
'r.stling with racial prejudices and
natona! animosities.
The world. | believe, will be ruled
| by hall dozen or so OF great Powers.
within which there Will be scope for
he play OF many individual types.
Humanity can be best expressed in
great democratic States whatever the
particular form OF government may
be, in which men Of all hoods and all
"reeiS VIII be recognized rs entitled
,o citizenship and t. the protection Of
their rights as men and capable Of
contributing to the enrichment OF the
,ountry's power and intellectual, moral
and spiritual culture
In such countries, IN which human
~ Will be best expressed Jews and
Judaism will have as in our own
country great role TO play. Not
'alestine is the Jews goal, but free
dom, justice and humanity ne aims al.
And having proved his patriotism in
various countries on the fields Of valor
he is entitled to citizenship and 10 the
welc me Ia the most cordial coopera-
tion in these lands
With such an ideal doctor would
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

Will be applied 10 all OF the component
peoples rulei by the Sultan.
The reports from English and
French sources 10 the effect that az
an incident OF the war the Jews are
70 be granted Palestine by England
and France are giving considerable
concern to the Zionist organization.
Although individual members Of the
Zionist organization naturally have
varying Views as 10 the outcome Of
the war the Zionist organ! zatlon as
an organization, as I have already
pointed out, aims 10 preserve a strict
neutrality.
Possibly The good treatment which
Jews have received at the hands OF
the Turk may be ascribed 10 a focus
ing Of common racial origin, or an
origin partaking OF many of the same
characteristics In the far past Jew
and Turk have possessed many SINH
larit!es. Many things in language and
customs have a root agreement. Re-
CiprocAl influences may operate with
out either understanding why 1t Ia So
~ any rate the Jew IN Turkey does
not report bad treatment, and because
OF this he feels his loyalty Is Justly
obligatory
individually shail express no
opinion as to the outcome of the war.
and as an organization I know Zion
ism will not. As for Palestine, well,
It Is almost unfair 10 ask a Zionist at
This critical time to discuss II at all.
Some little word or phrase might be
caught up that would magnify by
repetition and place Zionism in an
entirely wrong light.
zone little wrong rendering OF a
sentence could convey the Idea tina
Zlou.sm stands with aggressive sym
pathy for one side or the other. ThI9
would not only be untrue but he I'M
Just and harmful We must be--and
We desire 20 be--absolutely neutral,
and in Palestine, surely, loyal 10
Turkey. Too much ~ benefit 10 Jewry
has already been launched there sue
cessfully for us not to respect the
power that has made It possible and
permissible
The desire Of the Jews for the de-
Ve.opmcnt OF strong jewish settle
ment in Palestine is naturally bound
up with the history and hopes OF the
Jewish people for many hundreds II
years. The English Government sew
,ral years ago offered the Zionist or
gan Zat.on considerable stretches of
land in Uganda for Zionist settlement
there. This, however, was rejected by
the Zionist organization in its Whole
hearted devotion and loyalty to Pales-
tine"
Then, since Palestine is so over
whelm.ng.y desired, why may not a
Zionist while loya, 90 Turkey express
the hope that victory may come to th-
Powers most certain TO place him in
control In the land OF his fathers"
asked.
But Or, Magnes smiled again enig-
mat!cally, waved his hand negatively
and uttered Tho WOrd. "So atTa.."
The syilables kept ringing IN my
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14
Continued from FIRST page

"'we paid dearly resumed tn.
mllitiaman. FOR this German qo1f y..r
A few davs before tho Hebrew New
Year the Russians coupel.ei the Ger.
mans TO ,vacultc. We awaited wit
dread the return OF the Rusgia.
.-oops, for we had heard too often
OF the bitter experiences Of the .JcH-
in other towns under such circum-
stances. The Poles threatened to
wreak versranec upon us when the
Russians would arrive.
"And so they ala. The reality was
even worse than our grayest fears
"'On the eve OF New Year the Rus
SLAMS returned tn" Poles M, them
far out on the read and ma.Icious,y
accused the Jews ~ having aided the
Germans As n result. the Russians
entered the town hostile toward US
"'The Russian commander had a
talk with several prominent Poles and
Immediately decided O. punish the Jews
severely. A. noon an officer with
n huge drum appeared In the market
place and proclaimed that the Jews
must prepare 90 leave the town the
next morning al II O'Clock
awe were thundors,ruyf. Where
could we go' What could wc dn'
"'The Russian officer added that M
jew could remain 10 Skaruicy.cc be-
cause we were an under suspicion.
and that any jew who fingered would
be shot a. spy.
1--WE FASTENED To thu Russian com
mander and begged him 20 spare US.
We produced evidence showing that
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

ing villages and heap insults upon US
The Poles beat those OF US who stray
gled behind from weakness. So did
the soldiers.
81 cannot ind words to describe
the journey. 1t was a Journey oil
shame and misery. A few women in
childbirth died on the way with their
babies. We carried the corpses along
on the wagons together with the liv-
ing invalids and children. We could
not bury the dead. since We were not
allowed TO stop anywhere.
TN this plight we reached War
saw. Here too the report OF our
misfortune had preceded us and we
were met with bread, clothes and
wagons. Representatives OF the Jew
.sh community petitioned the authori-
ties TO allow us TO enter the city.
Here in Warsaw no one could
understand the reason for our expul-
sion and every one was afraid 10 do
anything for US. The civil authorities
could not disregard .sc command NJ
the military officials that we be BAN
ished to the right side of the Vistula,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

was not at all unsatisfactory to the
Jew.
Nobody disputes that Rabbi Judah
l.. Magnss - about the foremost ad-
vocate OF Zion!sm n New York. A
forceful speaker he has often pre-
scented the Z!ouis, argument in pubic
IN convincing manner. He possesses
much personal charm. and even thosa
who may not agree with him are i'm
pressed by his earnestness found
him Al his desk in the Hebrew So
cieties Building II was the centre OF
a radia'ing group OF telephone cords
and when he wasn't talking over one
Of three or four telephones in Eng.
lish, German or Hebrew he was tax
ing 10 me. Ard | think the telephones
got the better Of l.
Gable dispatches saw mat Pales-
tine Is TO be erected into a sovereign
State at the close Of the war" I said
to Or. MaEncs. rs not that welcome
news 10 the Zionists al. over the
world? Have you planned what you
will DO in the way NJ government
when you take hold?"
DIT. MaRnes mi,ed automatically
waved his hand In a negative way, and
said; Neutral"
Neutral? What has that 10 do
with the Holy Lands being taken
from the Turk after the war. and with
the realization OF the hopes of vast
numbers Of Jews"
The Zionist organization as an or
ganization is in al countries of the
world, and particularly in America. en-
deavoring to preserve strict neutral-
!ty." Or. Magnes said this slowly and
'nc!svely,. and. his eHunciatiou gave
an eNpreSs.venss4 TO the word "ncu.
tra.ity" beyond it, everyday s!gnlf-
canoe. Neutrality 10 him. apparently
m ant an obi CATION 20 watch out
against BASED utterances constantly.
I'm the sense jus, uttered neutrality
must Imply, necessarily, strict Zionist
loyalty 10 the Turkish Empire, The
reason for this Is that Palestine IS a
Turkish province" Dr. Magnes added.
one Of the b Wy of telephones
claimed him at that Instant so / had a
chance 10 conceal my establishment.
What was this, I thought, tho Jew
siding with the Mohammedan in Cd
posing the wish Of the CHRISTIAN?
Yes went on DR. Maguos. the
Jews in Palestine have always been
.r,dted Hospitality and IL Is a matter
OF course for the Z.onis, organization
To be strictly loyal 70 the Turk sin
Empire, just a the Jews of al coun-
tries are loyal To their respective gov
eruWeuts.
"The Zionist theory is that The
Turkish Empire, which is composed
pr a number y na''onal.,Ins. Is in the
process of developing forms o. govern
meu' which would permit each u tho
various natona,lties TO live out its
own national ,l.fc and to develop i,s
nationa' culture while at the same
time forming an integral part OF the
ottoman state. Signs are not lacking
now in Palestine tina, the policy Tor
which Zionism stands among the Jews
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

Neutral heir Attitude Concerning Application Of Zionism to
the Present War Situation in Europe-Calls Attention
70 Suterings Of Jewish Non. Combatants

~ JILL Goutiles carve sovereign
\A/ Jewish state out Of Moham-
w medan territory as one Of
the results Of the war? How
about a kingdom or a republic or a
suzerainty OF Palestine, with a Jewish
monarch or president or prince. to rule
Jewish land?
The diplomats Of Europe are bidding
the Jew believe the thing will come
TO pass Constantly bulletins come
from over the ocean setting forth that
sure result Of the present conflict
will he an out and out Jewish Pales-
tine, with the Chosen People in full
control 1t is 70 make no difference
which side wins. II the Allies are
successful then the sovereign State OF
Palestine is to be erected through a
seizure OF territory from the Turk for
his ro-German activity. II the Kaiser
is victorious then the same severe! gn
State OF Palestine Is TO be created as
a reward for the aid given Germany
and Austria by hundreds Of thousands
OF Jewish soldiers, Turkey IS 70 be
compensated with some of the British
possessions contiguous 10 the Sultan's
domain.
Now Il might naturally be supposed
that the proposal 10 erect a sovereign
state out OF the Holy Land would
meet with tho approval OF Jews every
where. II was with this view OF the
situation that ! started out to call on
one OF the chief eNponents Of Zionism
IN New York city and get him 70
clinch the surmise. | had just been
reading the following definition Of
Zionism:
"Zion SIN is the name Of the attempt
on the part Of the Jews to bring the
Land Of Israel into the centre of Jewish
life. The modern Zionist movement is
about a generation old. Zlonlsm OPP
poses the assimilation, the absorption
OF the jew by the peoples among
whom he lives.
"Zionism has emphasized the fact
that the Land Of Israel is to-day. and
has never ceased TO be, the centre Of
Jewry. Here Judaism may develop n
its own atmosphere and upon its ma
tive soil, Here. at least, the Jews
may he a majority and not as every
where a minority.
I'm Palestine Itself the Jews have
proved conCluslveiy their ability 20 be-
come farmers The story ~ shoptocp-
ers and tailors and students who have
made the desert 20 bloom as the rose
IS romance In which the hero.sm and
devotion and hard labor ~ Jcwl- u me-
tional fruntersmen may he found In
generous measure.
with a centre in tie Land Of Israel
and well ord communities among
the nations the Jews VIII he on th"
FAD to realizing the ideal that Zion.sm
places before them"
But instead ~ his showing approval
! found the Zionist cold as ice toward
the suggested seizure If the Holy Land
from the Turk and the creation Of a
sovereign jewish state. heard the
Turk actually defended I listened to
arguments from the Zionist point Of
view intended TO demonstrate that the
present political situation in Palestine
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14
N OF SOVEREIGN STATE FOR JEWS
Rabbi judah l. Magnes Advocate Of and Rabbi
Ant-Zonist Opposed Seizure of Palestine by
Vctors Reward Jews

ions which might make It appear that
or the other.
That the Presidents neutrality has
thus far been perfect Is 10 my mind
proved by the dissatisfaction which in
a measure II has caused the extreme
part.sans Of both sides in the war
Furthermore every sincere friend OF
the Jews should refuse TO enter into
a discussion concerning Palestine such
as suggested at this time.
"Jewry is an international religious
body. Its interests as a religious body
are separated from the specific inter
ests IF any particular nation in the
same sense as the interests of Cathou-
cism or Professionalism are distinct
from any one particular people. There
are Jews hravely lighting on both sides
OF this great war They are winning
laurels for their herosm They are
ref citing great credit upon Jewish
loyalty ana honor AM are showing
thcTe Ives worthy Of tho great heroic
memories ~ the past. Jews in neutral
lands have special duty To refrain
from expressing partisan opinions. one
way or the other, despite the many
promises and Establishments held out
by rumor hut for which there is no
act given as substantial basis.
What Jews in neutral lands espe.
cially should do IL 70 make their infiu-
ence felt by appeals in other WAYS
70 call the attention OF the world TO
the terrible suffertngs Of Jewish snon-
cOmhatantS in the eastern theatre of
war and in Palestine. Especially in
the eastern theatre OF war, where
about 5000 900 Jews dwell. Jews have
suffered unspeakahle atrocities under
the cover Of war. Jewry there IL prac-
tically anoth.r Belgium.
with respect TO Palestine itself
While Of course here are Jews tbere
now that need protection and relief
and while as practical utilitarian
measure ! can conceive that hundreds
Of thousands OF Jews may be led 10
I've in the future In Palestine and de.
velop themselves as men in a normal
life, yet Palestine can never solve the
so-called Jewish question of Europe"
"Nou mean then, doctor that this
promise 20 create a sovereign Jewish
'TNtltN at NV 'l''r' bl the war Is not a
m .,tcr of the most vital importance
20 the Jew ! asked.
Il mean that We should not le: our
selves be deceived with respect to the
real situation by any indefinite talk
concerning Palestine just now. Pales.
tine sinks into .nsignificance beside the
much larger question which concerns
The European peoples in whose midst
European Jewry dwells.
when the congress Of nations
mee's at the end OF the war the con-
science Of Europe viii nave to meet
the appca, on behalf Of elemental
human rights, Of which 100000 Jews
In Russia aud RumauIa are deprived
because of their race and religion.
Whichever side wins, or If there he n
draw, m making up the account En-.
rope must face this question. That
Is the one in which Jewry. in my
opinion, should be especially interested.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

would have ann.h!la;ed ourselves and
all Skernievicc.
" II was the Sabbath. but tho rabbi
declared L lawful 20 set the children.
thu feeble Cd men and the women in
Childbirth on wagons. which We hired
at unheard OF prices
We took the scrolls of the law in
our hands ard. amid the savage cries
Of the Poles and the soldiers. We left
the town in silence and despair. our
hearts were heavy. Even the children
cried with US
Just then "a fine looking Jew with
gray .ha.r and a jet black beard. took
a seat on our bench My companion
hes.tatad.
Does he embarrass your asked
the mlitiama1. II so We might
move 10 another corner
NO the young man answered
sadly. He cannot disturb us
I gazed intently at the newcomer
and ! shd3itTtd. II was looking
straight into our eyes. but I felt his
glance pass through me 10 some invis-
.ble goal.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

ears as ! went out. They continued
ringing oil the way up TO the residence
OF Rabbi Samuel Schuman, pastor Of
Temple Beth-El. They suggested the
question, What do England and
France mean by Offering TO erect Pa
estlne into sovereign Jewish state
II the Jewish people don't want III"
Rabbi Schu'man seemed To offer So
luton OF tho problem. He Is a fer
vent anu-Xlon,st. argued that #
the Hionists wished To remain loya. to
Turkey they might not be the Jews 10
whom England and France were
promising Palestine And II they
were not the Jews, Il must be those of
The opposite opinion. Hence, RABBIT
Schulman ana the anti-Z.onists nigh,
reveal the trend OF their do sire.
had not been seated in DR.. Schulz
mans house half a minute before I
faced the neutrality barrier again
The ant!-Zon.st rabbi ana the Zionist
rabbi We're In exact accord ON tA..
point. Segan 70 look upon the wcrc
with more and more awe.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14
KEEPING THE MAIL WARM.

n URAL mail carriers need never
X suffer from winter rlsors or
cold days generally II they fol-
low the example 81 Homer Slider Of
oldtown. Md. Slider makes his daily
trip in buggy mounted on runners
in winter, with a complete uttle stove
inside. a small pipe carrying the
smoke and gas out al the rear A
bushel of coal carries him through
one rural delivery trip nicely The
stove Is kept going away into sprIne
on stormy or chilly days.
But this cOntrivauCe has hocn
paralleled in the past According 20
Dakota story tendertaot inventor
sotourning in that region several years
ago had a saddle especially made
with an asbestos lining. In 'h'
pockets OF the saddle he was accus
toned 10 place, hot bricks when start
ing on long horseback Journeys. The
cowboys laughed great dea. AZ him
asking what was the benefit Of toast
ing at the calves and freezing az the
throat But there we're those who
would have tried II had the !nnova'
ton been easily attached
There is a story Of a Minneapolis
policeman who puttered a grcat dea.
with electricity in his days or, and
who was said to have arrangci an
electric heater In the shape 81 hell
or strap along the tail az his Goa,
Scoffers declared that he had a way
Of throwing a piece Of wire ORE an
electric light wire IN the street ana
attaching II for a minute TO his patent
belt and patent transformers
This he denied az a police Ms
admitting, however tina, he had been
working on battery heater iAH
could be carried In the coat and pro.
duce a very comfortable am my
warmth. Part OF his scheme was "
construct "a heater coat
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

the Poles and -he soldiers would
taunt US What could We answer
often we noticed among the SOL
d!ers familiar faces. There were Jew
ish soldiers from Poland and Russia
We would stretch out our hands 70
them and cry:
"'"See, brethren, what the Russians
are doing 20 us You are on your
way to defend the fatherland and here
they are torturlng US. Save u.s."
THE Jewish soldiers would bow
;Neir heads. Many an eye would MI
with tears.
I'VE expected 10 be banlshed 20 ST.
IBERIA or 10 Sakhalien. so We trudged
along 70 Warsaw without a spark OF
hope IN our hearts Toward evening
We reached a small Jewish town. The
ocal Jews had heard OF our misfor-
tune and they came ont 20 meet US
But before long an official mandate
arrived ordering that we should not be
allowed TO spend the night in the town
or even TO pass through its streets.
The Russians began AZ once 20 drive
out those Of us who had set foot IN
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-14

We were continually Joined by ever
new hosts Of Jews who were even
more destitute than we. The llvelong
day we dragged ourselves along the
hard rutty roads. Beside us moved
long lines Of Russian soldiers They
were coming 20 redeem" tho land
from the hands OF the enemy and II
WAS these redeemcrs VINO inflicted
upon us the most excrutiat!ng woes.
Whenever the Russian troops went
they were accompanied by a crUwd
Of Poles. men and women and chill
dren, who would point at US and
shout:
There they 20. the Beilises!
There go the traitors"
''Belises!" the melted Russian
soldiers would cry as We passed be-
fore them. Those OF US who happened
e. come near enough even Eel, their
blows. Perhaps the Russians were
rot TO blame. They believed what
the Poles nad toid them.
"'''To Sakl alien To Sakhalien!
Go to Palestif E, YOU accursed Jews"