davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02
Pleasant Picnic Party.

One OF the most pleasant picnic par
ties OF the season was enjoyed by
members of ST. Johns Episcopal par
ish and their friends at Sibley Park
yesterday afternoon from 1890 until G
o'clock. The Guild planned the ar
rangements. and about lis people
were in attendance, going out to the
Park in ample time for a pleasant
afternoon In the open. A short bust
ness session was held by the ladies of
the Guild, after which the time was
given to social pleasures, and the
children happily played games on the
grounds. At six O'Clock bountiful and
appetizing picnic supper was served.
bringing to n close very happy day.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02
Bridge Party.

Bridge Party.
Mr.. and Mrs. S. X. Fowler enter
aimed . bridge party last evening al
their home, 100 Center street, in honor
" Mr.. and Mrs. William ]. Flachsen
har of Terry, Mont.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02
Vernon Center People at picnic.

MahKato people Who formerly re-
sided at Vernon Center were the
hosts of present Vernon Center resi-
dents I'm a picnic held this afternoon
in Sibley park. II was a basket af-
fair, with ice cream and speeches.
Lee Champlin was POSTMASTER. The
program committee consisted of Lee
Champlin, Mrs. Thomas. Thompson
and Mrs. A. f. Quimby: the commit
tee on refreshments OF Mrs. w. s.
Tallman and Mrs. c. +. Possuet and
the committee on sports OF Than Al
ward and ]. L. Tallman.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02

ST. Paul. June 25.-Carl h. Schmidt.
an attorney, with Offices at 324 Globe
building. was shot three times by
John Hochban, former client. as he
was about to board a Selby-Lake
street car at Fourth and Cedar streets
at p. m. yesterday.
Two OF the bullets penetrated the
attorneys right arm. while the third
struck him In the back All Ore flesh
wounds and probably will not prove
fatal.
Hochban. obsessed with the idea
that~he has been wronged by his
former. counsel, said last night at
Central station that he lay In wait at
the corner for Mr. Schmidt to appear.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02

The Hagenbeck Wallace circus was
delayed in reaching Redwing yester-
Gay afternoon and no performances
were given there. The delay was
caused by the circus equipment being
stalled in mud on the show grounds
at Owatonna. The huge wagons went
down TO the axles i'm the rich loan
and the wagons, drawn by sixteen
teams. with the elephants lending
their strength. could not be released
from the mire for hours. Hundreds OF
circus performers worked all night
long helping the roustabouts i'm get
ting the equipment to the cars.
At nine o'clock I'm the morning the
circus was loaded onto the cars. but
the switching problem was a difficult
one at Owatonna and IL was nearly
eleven o'clock before the first section
pulled out for Redwing. Late yester-
day afternoon the circus pulled on,
of Redwing for Rochester.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02
skuse -Gerlaeh.

Skuse -Gerlaeh.
Miss Mamie Skuse, daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. F. T. Skuse of 81 North
Second street, and Mr.. r. f. Geriach.
depot agent of the American Express
company OF this city, were united I'm
marriage last evening at the home of
the brides parents. the ceremony be-
Ing performed by Rev. Ross T. Paden.
pastor OF the Presbyterian church. I'm
the presence of near relatives only.
The rooms OF the home were hand
somely decorated with white carna-
tions and palms In the parlor, and
sweet peas and foliage I'm the other
rooms. Lohengren's wedding march
was played by Miss Elsie Schipper as
the professional. The bride wore q
dainty gown of white silk crepe. with
silk lace overdress, and carried a
shower bouquet of brides roses. The
bride is clever and accomplished
young lady. and prominent in musical
circles, being q talented pianist. and
n teacher OF piano forte playing. She
Is graduate of Mankato high school
and is popular with large circle OF
friends. The groom Is q rising young
business man with a promising flu
ture before him. They win be al
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02

Late this afternoon the personal
injury suit OF Michael Germ against
the Milwaukee railroad was appar-
emily about to go to the jury. This
is a suit for $4,000. Germ claims
that he was injured at Pennington on
December 3. 1913, while he was ship
ping a carload OF stock from Kenyon
to Mankato. II is alleged that bump
OF the train threw from the track on
which II hung a car door. and Ger
ms head was caught between the
door and easement. John 4. Rega,
and s. b. Wilson are attorneys for
the plaintiff and +. w. Root and Mel
son j. Wilcox of Minneapolis and C.
j. Laurisch and Pau & Pau for the
railroad company.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02
Made the Scape goat.

I'm one case. for example, the
general declared To a group OF mill
tary men, 4 will not be made the
scape goat for an archduke who ought
never to have been entrusted with the
supreme command of the imperial
forces. but who ought rather to have
been locked mp I'm his palace In Wen
ma to prevent his meddling In the
conduct of the war
This remark, together with others
of similar nature, reached the ears
of the archduke. and the latters in
fiuence was exercised TO bring about
the downfall of the general. The ell
NAV came when Auffenberg asserted
that. having failed to secure n hear
ing I'm official circles. he would prove
his own innocence and the archduke's
blameworthiness by writing book on
the war and having 1t publihed In
Switzerland
ITO prevent his flight into Swit7er-
land and the publication of the
threatened book. Emperor Francis Jo-
seph himself stepped In and ordered
him arrested and placed in solitary
confinement until the end Of the war.
He was committed to prison by i'm
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02

home after July II at si7 East Spring
street.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1915-07-02
hard Fall Of General Barren
Auffsnbsrg Was Quick
tAssocIated Press pispatch.I

Associated Press Dispatch.I
From Fridays Daily.
Petrogrsd, June 25.-The Rus
sian council of ministers decided
10 appoint commission composed
Of six Russians and six Poles
under the presidency Of Premier
6oremykin to deal with the pre-
liminaries necessary to cary
into effect the automny for Po-
land, which was proclaimed by
Grand Duke Nicholas, command
erin chief Of the Russian army,
August II Of last Year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
THE PERSONALITY THAT
 ABIDES IN CLOTHES
By DOLLY DALRYMPLE

neat that held the dear feet of the be- loved one They seem to have and to hold about them the sense of thistledown lightness that was their light hearted wearers chiefest charm.
 And then the gloves. folded so dainty together-folded by her hands and laid aside with no premonition that the blos- som-white hands they shielded from wind and weather, were so soon to be at rest in their last quiet .slumber.
 And when it comes to laying aside the pretty beads, the butterfly fan, the rain bow-hued ribbons. it is almost like laying aside a child's playthings-things once dear that will amuse the child no more!
 Women like their frocks. Often they dearly love some simple, little inexpensive gown in which perhaps tender word has been listened to or spoken, but the jeweled comb, the perfumed necklace, the scented fan-these are a woman's toys, her trifies, her baubles-but oh how dear and intimate!
 You fold the garments and dainty trif1es away and close the lid of cedar chest upon these sacred and personal treasures with sense that they still hold in fabric and ornament subtle spiritual portion of the beloved 6ne who once claimed them as her own.
 They are all like her. as the sweetly smiling miniature is like hers-they are a part of her very self.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
LITTLE MISS BAUGH
 GEL ATES A BIRTHDAY

Little Miss Fay Harris Baugh was a dainty hostess yesterday afternoon at the home of her parents MT. and Mrs. Berry Baugh on Highland avenue, when ehe celebrated her fifth birthday.
 The children enjoyed games and con tests, including the old time favorite, pinning the tail on the donkey. and later marched into the dining room, where a large white cake held five tiny, pink tapers at one end while at the other was beautiful basket of pink Killarney roses and shasta daisies.a The bonbons, ices and individual cakes also emphasized the pink and green color scheme and at the place of each little guest was a favor. The girls received Japanese fan and the boys a pin wheel.
 Those enjoying this happy event were: Florence Sanford, Lamira Henley, Harriet Throckmorton, Louise Fergu- son. Florence Birch, Martha McDavid, Harriet Walker, Theresa Shook, Ade- laide Fox, Margaret Fox, Mary Eliza beth Hogan, Ruth Emerson, Martha Stobert, Mildred Hodges, Jane Brans- comb. Marie Stallings, Dorothy Hiden. Mary Petra, Lucille Hassinger, yelma Enslen Kidd, Carolyn Sibley Austin Kelly, Mary Nabb Phillips, Lilly Nahb Phillips, Roberta Pearson Bridges, Elea- nor Durham. Jennie Hood. Mary Collet Earle, Margaret Hundley, Evelyn Meadow, Maxine Winkler George Kcl ly, Jr, Ernest Patterson, Jr, Robert Ingalls,. Jr, Jesse Stallings Jr., Ira Armstrong, Jr,. Charles Stephens, Jr William Walker, Jr., Cullom Walker Hubert Scruggs. Jr, John Yeatman, Jr Robert Baugh, Jr.. Owen Gillespie, Jr. Btsie Gillespie, Charles Davis. Benja- min Kidd, Jr Wilbur Kelly, Jr., Paul Earle, Troup Brazleton, Jr., James J Smith, Jr, R. D. Burnett, Jr., George { Yancey, Dent Williams Robley Munger Jrr Warner Koenig, Otto Marx, Fred
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
FRS. FLoReNceLAUsTINICHAsH
2ne of Americas Foremost Authorities on
 N Scientific Cooking and Pure Foods

Tn my work on the lecture plat form. l must use baking powder which is wholesome beyond Ques- tion and which is absolutely depend able. and Calumet meets all my requirements"
 An endorsement by Mrs. Chase of any particular product Is without dispute absolute proof that that brand is superior to all.
 She has found through tests, as you will find the first time you use Calumet, that Calumet is the ono baking powder that absolutely in- sures uniform results--that it's won- derful leavening strength produces the lightest, most healthful, tastiest bakings-that it's wholesomeness makes all bakings nourishing and delicious. She has found that Calu- met is pure in the can and pure in the baking-her tests prove conclu- sively, as do those of millions of housewives who always use Calu- met. that it goes farther than other baking powders. If you now judge baking powder according to price. you are making vital mistake.
 Get a can of Calumet at once on the money-back guarantee-test 1t every way-bake everything with it. If it does not beat your present fla vorite brand in every way. your grocer Is authorized to refund your money-you risk absolutely nothing. Begin now to enjoy real bakings- to save money.
 Remember. Calumet Is used by millions of housewives and domestic science teachers everywhere.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21

Thousands of women are daily guided in their cooking by the ad-- vice and suggestions of this most eminent authority. Mrs. Chase has shown those housewives how to ma terially reduce the high cost of liv- ing and secure better results in every branch of cooking-she has given them the benefit of her scien- tific methods-she has shown them how to avoid impure foods.
 A. graduate of the University of Chicago-a domestic science lecturer of national fame-she knows which is best through exhaustive experi- ments and the constant study of scientific cooking and pure foods.
 One of the subjects nearest her heart-one which she has given endless study-one which she con- siders of vital importance-is bak- Ing and baking powders. In a re- cent interview Mrs. Chase said:
 "I use Calumet Baking Powder because find 1t absolutely depend- able and uniform, and because it has more leavening strength than most baking powders. Like every other domestic science lecturer. I am in- terested in reducing the high cost of living and am interested in calu- met because it is sold at a moderate price.
 ''The wholesomeness of the in- gredients which are used in the manufacture of Calumet is attested by the Remsen Referee Board, ap- pointed by the President of the United States and also by the med- 1eal profession.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
YOUNG-DAVIS
 MARRIAGE OCCURS

The marriage of Miss Nettie, Helen Davis to MT. Edmund Wilkins Young of Holt was solemnized yesterday afternoon at 4:30 o'clock at the First Baptist church in Ensley. The ceremony was performed in the presence of large gathering of relatives and friends by the Rev A. K. Wright pastor of the church.
 The simple decorations of the church but added beauty to the occasion and a delightful programme of fitting music was given. The ushers were Mir Claude Flu bank and MT Robert McEachern, ana they were, followed by the entrance of the groomsmen and bridesmaids from opposite aisles of the church. Miss Annie Sue Pitts and Miss Clean McPherson. the bridesmaids, wore white crepe de chine and carried an arm cluster of pink Kil- larney roses; Mrs. T. D. Ray was her sisters matron of honor Her cos- tune was of white organdie and lace and
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21

afternoon in Pratt City when she enter | tained the members of St. Margaret's Guild. The house was made lovely with geraniums and ferns and punch was served by Miss Edith Nichols during the games, 800 being played at five tables. Following the game an ice course was dispensed.
 Mr. and Mrs. w D. Wilson and children l of Buffalo are visiting MT. and Mrs. J. N. | Reynolds.
 l Mir J. c. Bennett of Nashville Is spend- ing his vacation with his parents, Mr. and
 Mrs. H. M Bennett at West Pratt.
 Mir and Mrs. George Crawford have
 gone to Biloxi and Gulfport for a visit.
 Mrs. w. F. MoDonald and children have
 returned to Hartselle after viisting rela- tives in. West Pratt.
 1 Miss Hazel King of Adamsville and Miss Lois Abernathy of Montgomery are guests
 of Miss Johnnie Riddle in East Lake.
 Miss Lois Washington has returned from visit to friends in Eden. | Miss Wayne Ireland and Miss Katie Poole of Opelika are visiting MT. and
 Mrs. J. T. Graham.
 | Miss Fannie Partlow has returned from | a stay with her brother, Dr. w. D. Part
 low in Tuscaloosa
 l Prof. and Mrs. M. Haggard are at hom,
 after visit to friends in Thomasville.
 Miss Annie Mae Beddow entertained I the K. D. c. class of the Vivian Method l ist church Monday evening at her home.
 Games and music were features of the
 evening and light refreshments were served to the following members: Miss
 Mary Guthrie. Miss Daisy Stacey, Miss | Claudia Mae Lambert, Miss Alice Davis
 Miss Mae Moxley, Miss Ruby Sergeant
 Miss Mary Lusk. Mrs R. L. Glasgow and Miss Beddow.
 l An enjoyable event of recent date was
 the moonlight picnic at West Lake. given | by the members of the Wylam Reading club. Miss Belle Canterberry is visiting friends | in Huntsville and Madison. l MT R. s. Fowler of Oneonta spent the
 week end with his sister. Mrs. B. T. Ew- | ing. Mrs. M. McCrary of Long View is the ] guest of Mrs. Annt6 McCrary.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
MISS HELEN SHROPSHIRE HOSTESS AT DANCE

To compliment her guest, Miss Julia | lilly Cason of Leeds, Miss Helen Shrop- shire entertained at an informal dancir 2 party last evening at her home on Beech street and the event was thoroughly en- Joyed by more than SO young people.
 Ivy and quantity of tall sunflowers were placed in the rooms where the young folks gathered for pleasant evening spent with music and dancing, and at a late hour light refreshments were served.
 The girls invitation list included the following: Miss Eleanor Anderson, Mss Verna 'McCrone, Miss Marian Smyer, Miss Bessie McCaskey, Miss Elizabeth Massey, Miss Clara Dean, Miss Frances Woodrow. Miss Se1ene Rountree Miss Glennis Hancock, Miss Dora Dawson, Miss Margaret Camerson, Miss Kather- inc Cameron, Miss Camille Morgan of Mississippi, Miss Anna Labarre, Miss Marcelle LabarresS Mrs. Jospeh Savage and others.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21

hO compliment her attractive guests,
 Miss Adele Gordy and Miss Mary Eleanor Gordy of Columbus, Ga, Miss Katherine Massey was a charm ing little hostess at an informal dance and garden party last evening at the home of her parents. MT. and Mrs. Richard w. Massey, on Beech street.
 The beautiful garden which surrounds this lovely home was brilliantly lighted and the happy gathering of boys and girls made an attractive picture. Punch, ices and cakes were served during the evening and an orchestra furnished music
 The young dancers were Miss Pauline Maben, Miss Adele Gordy, Miss Mary Eleanor Gordy, Miss Margaret Calhoun, Miss Louise Weakley. Miss Vivian Las sitter, Miss Katherine Wood MT. War field Wood. MT Basil Wood. MT. Sam Tillman, Mir Fred Sloss, MT William Hassinger. Mir. Elliott Karper. MT. Gus Shackleford, MT. Reginald Lanier, MT. David Rich MT. Tom Scriven and Atr J. D. Slanken.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
SOCIETY AND HOME TOPICS FOR WOMEN
RANDOM NOTES

Miss Margaret Gage will return today from Atlanta, where she has spent the past month with friends and has been de- lightfully entertained.
 Miss Carrie Yates has returned from a house party in Huntsville.
 MT. Frances Shepherd of Charleston s. G. will arrive this week to be a guest of MT. and Mrs V. s. Gage.
 MT. Griffith Harsh is the guest of Mr. Maxie Rogers at Gainesville.
 Miss Alice Jones Is a member of a camping party near Boligee.
 Mrs R. M. King and her guests Miss Helen Kennedy and Miss Margaret Ken nedy of Knoxville will leave Thursday for Sewanee, Tenn, to spend the summer.
 .
 Mrs. A. A. Walker and children expect to leave next week for stay at Men, tone.
 Miss Gladys Anderson has as her guest Miss Carrie Belle Boyd of Montgomery. Mrs. w. c. Kilgore has entirely recov- cred from her recent illness and is visiting relatives in Tuscaloosa.
 -
 Mrs. Richard Lyman of Jacksonville. Fla. is the guest of her mother. Mrs. w. S. Conner.
 Miss Louise Fox and Miss Elizabeth Fox have gone to Gadsden to spend the month of August with their sister. Mrs. Roy White.
 Miss Jordan Prince will return Thursday from Troy, where she has been visiting Miss Madge Brantley.
 Mrs. Eugene Jacobs has as her guest her sister, Mrs. Wise, of Atlanta
 Miss Elizabeth Bclxley has returned from visit to relatives in Columbus, Miss.
 Mrs. w. w. French is spending a few days in Bangor with MT. and Mrs. J. A. VanHoose.
 Mrs w. M. Vim, who has been visiting her daughter, Mrs. E. L. Rosa mond, left yesterday for Albertville. Dr. W. l.. Rosamond and family re- turned today from Jasper and Tuscaloosa.
 
 Mrs. John L. Chisolm has gone to North Carolina to visit relatives for several weeks.
 Mrs. Richard Bell is viisting her parents. MT. and Mrs. Thomson, in Mobile Mir and Mrs. J. S. Pedigo have as theR guest their mother Mrs J. R. Pedigo, of Bowling Green, Ky.
 Mrs. John c. Henley left this morning for Grove Park inn, Asheville. N. C., to spend several weeks.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
MRS. FRED FUNK
 ENTERTAINS INFORMALLY

Mrs Fred Funk entertained at an en- joyable party Monday evening to compli- ment Mrs. James West, who expects to leave soon to make her home In Mont. gomery. The hostess chose yellow and green color scheme which was carried out in the house decorations and later in the ice course served at the close of the evening.
 The following guests were included in the hospitality: Mrs. Mildred Rice, Miss Gladys Whitfield, Miss Nina Andrews, Miss Hayes Hudson. Miss Katie Hudson. Miss Sarah Pape. Miss Frances Pape Miss sherman Mir and Mrs. w. w. Hud- son. Mrs. Bessie Lewis. Mrs. W. F. Pape. Mrs Bettie Moore, Mir. and Mrs. James West. Mir. and Mrs. c. H. Ragland. MT. and Mrs. Fred Funk, Mr. Floyd Lancas- ter, MT. Austin Pitts MT. Robert Martin. MT. o. B. Beddow. Mir Frank Pape. Mir. 1ohn F.. Martin. MT. w. B. Right. and Ohers
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
SOCIETY IN
 GREATER BIRMINGHAM

The marriage of Miss Virginia Cooper to MT. Adam Park was quietly solemnized last evening at 8 o'clock at the home of the Rev. and Mrs. A. K. Wright in Ems ley. Only a few relatives and close friends witnessed the ceremony which was performed before a lovely altar erected in the living room, the Rev. A K Wright officiating. Miss Mamie Mullno, wearing a dainty pink crepe de chine CO.'S
 tune and carrying pink roses, was Miss Coopers only attendant, and MT. Henry Mark was his brothers best man. The bride was extremely pretty in white chif- ion and taffeta and white roses and valley lilies composed her shower bouquet. An informal reception followed the ceremony. MT. and Mrs. Mark will make their home in Vivian.
 Mrs. George Gambill and children are spending the summer in Sewanee, Tenn. Mrs. Claude Whittle has returned to
 Fairfield after visiting in Montgomery
 and Fort Deposit. The young people of the First Methodist church of Woodlawn will present a pa- geant and tableaux at the City hall Thurs day evening at 8 o'clock. The pupils of MT. E. L. Wales Sunday school class will give a lawn party at the home of MT. and Mrs. c. H. Nesbit Thurs day evening.
 Mir. Stanley Simpson, Mr. Ed Dugger and MT, Capers Perryman are enjoying a camping and fishing trip on house boat
 at Lock No 3 on the Coosa river. MT. and Mrs. J. D. Waterway of Hat tiesburg, Miss, have come to Woodawn to reside.
 MT. and Mrs. o. M. Cummings and their little daughter of Stewart are visiting MT. and Mrs Edward Young.
 Miss Leta Heaton is visiting relatives at Blountsville. Mrs. W. E. Morris and children have re- turned from stay in Jasper. The T. D. s. club will meet Saturday
 afternoon with Miss Ida Killian. Mrs. Homer Mashburn has returned from stay with friends in Atlanta. Mrs. Ans Cory is visiting relatives in Columbus, Ga. Mrs. J. l.. Hendricks is spending several weeks in Knoxville Mrs. D. c. Ball and little daughter,
 Helen Ball, have returned from a stay at Mentone.
 Mrs. w. D. Langston delightfully."- en- tertained the Presbyterian Ladies' Aid society yesterday afternoon at her home 1 in Inglenook. Mrs. B. w. Finck had charge of the programme, which was fol lowed by light refreshments Miss Rebecca Bazemore has returned from Miss Olivia Fulton's house party at Saginaw.
 Miss Bessie Erwin is the guest of friends | in Americus, Ga. l The Rev. J.. F. Sturdivant is spending
 this week with his parents at Alexandria | City.
 l Mir Roy McAlister has returned to Mer- 1 idian after visiting his sister, Mrs.f c. E. l Harvey.
 MT. J. D. Keith of Argo is visiting MT. and Mrs. Ed Keith.
 Mrs G. w. Burke was hostess yesterday
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
MISS HALL COMPLIMENTS VISITING GIRLS

Miss Virginia Halls party Monday eve ming for several visiting girls was a very enjoyable affair. The honor guests were Miss Margaret DeLorme and her guest, Miss Anglia Lou Burlington of Gadsden, and Miss Susie White, the guest of Miss Willie Mae Scott.
 Miss Hall was assisted in receiving and entertaining her guests by Miss Mildred Hall. Miss Susie Mae Carson, Miss Lu- verne DeLorme and Miss Alma Hall Late in the evening delicious refreshments were served to 50 guests.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-07-21
ASK PROTECTION
 FOR ITALIANS

Rome, July 20.-(via Paris, $40 D. m.)-The government has addressed a note to the United States asking it to use it's influence to protect Italian subjects in the Ottoman empire, es- pecially in Asia Minor, where the Turks are said to be preventing them from leaving.
 The government expresses it's high satisfaction over the recent interven- tion of the commander and officers of the United States cruiser Tennessee in Asiatic Turkey, to which. it is assert cd, was due the rescue and departure from the country of many Italians