South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-05-19
DEGREES METHODS
USED IN ARBITRAL
WAR Discussions
John BaSsett Moore, Former
Counsellor of State, Says the
Present Lines of Activity
Are All Wrong.

opening oftthe 21st annual conference
on International arbitration mere
Wednesday, sharply drew the lessons
OF the past twelve-mOnth. He warned
against RELYING too far on arbitration. |
His words were taken TO urge the
United states 10 preparedness TOT
wars which peaceful methods may not
prevent.
The address which 1 had 10 de-
liver last year was, according 10 /
published report interpreted In some
Quarters as having a pessimisuc tone
in regard 10 the value Of present !
treaties Of arbitration ne said. up /
on this Interpretation, perhaps, no
comment is necessary beyond that
which is furnished by the tragic |
events that have since occurred.
These events inculcate the import /
ance Of facing candidly the realities
OF life and the grave problems which |
they involve.
The tendency OF the human mind, |
running in advance OF results to treat
as an accomplished fact that which
IL desires TO bring about, may often
exert in the affairs OF life a useful
and helpful influence, but When, lOl-
lowing the illusions of hope it bids
az close our eyes TO actual conditions
and 70 rely in comfortable security
upon safeguards that either do not
exist or are SO defective as to be prac-
ticaliy n-existent. IL may become
a peril as well as a hindrance 10 wise
and essential effort.
sketches Court History.
Mr. Moore then sketched the his
tory OF the permanent court at the
Hague and showed it had failed. |
Gradually the whole world was
brought into the ARRANGEMENT" he
said. but. with the lapse Of time 1t
became apparent that although al
world court had been established,
the spirit OF cooperation was lacking
TO support it and made it effective
1T is the exaggerated and mistak-
emily conceived spirit OF nationality
which causes disastrous wars, he
continued This was true as far back
as among the Hebrews, for we find in
the I37th psalm the humane and
gentle phrase, 'Fs@Ppy shall he be that
taketh and dasheth thy little ones
against the stones
Nevertheless, when we come to
analyze the conception OF nationality,
as expounded by philosophers. we \
find that it's principal ingredients are
largely imaginary" he continued. |
we have often been told in phrase
oIOgy, supposed to be highly scien-
tific that the nation is an ethnog-
rSphic unity within a geographic |
unity. or words 20 that effect. Except |
i'm remote. restricted areas. inhabited
by savage tribes, this combination of
conditions can scarcely be said fully
TO exist. 1t is found least Of all in
s1me OF the most enlightened and
most progressive counties of today.
such as Switzerland, and with the
constant movements of population re-
sulting from improved means of
TRANSPORTATION, is less and less likely
To continue anywhere as a stationary
condition. Tried by such theory, or
definition, what should be said Of our
own United States, with it's admiXture
OF races from all quarters of the
globe? And as for the element of
geographic unity 1t suftices to say
that the applications Of steam and of
electricity have rendered it an anach
roniSm"
The difficulty with arbitration has
been, he said, not to get nations to
accept the results OF arbitration, but
10 induce them TO submit quarrels to
this form of settlement. He said:
Awards We'll Observed
In reality arbitral awards have
been remarkably we'll observed in
spite of the indulgence now and then
lately shown TO the vicious notion,
by which the domestic administration
OF justice is so much enfeebled and
impaired. that every sentence OF a
judicial tribunal ought TO be subjected
10 some kind of an appeal. The actual
problem with which the world is con-
frOnted is how 10 induce nations to
accept not the results but the process
OF arbitration"
The proposed international police
force" would have TO be enormous in
extent. even judged by modern army
standards The United States, to fur
nish it's prOportiOnate share in such
a force would undoubtedly have to
increase its present military estab-
lishment largely.
How large a force, it may be
asked would have to be maintained
in order effectually TO hold in check
any OF the great powers of Europe, If
their national ornaments were con-
tinued on the scale OF the past 2 >
years." he said History tells us
that the force OF a great united ma
ton is exceedingly difficult 20 over
come. Without recurring TO earlier
examples. it suftices TO point TO the
fact that for almost 3 years. preced-
ing the close Of the Napoleonic wars
France fought and at times seemed
to vanQuish the vast European conf
binatiOn formed against her and yet
in the end emerged from the contest
with her boundaries little diminished.
''It is manifest that an interna-
uonal force. organized TO assure the
preservation of peace. would have 10
be. as against any individual organ
cation. FAR stronger, in numbers and
in equipment than anything we are
accustomed TO think OF under the
term police Ii would need 20 be
practically overwhelming. unless il
were merely TO have the effect of the
great ornaments Of Europe today IN
involving in hostilities a larger num-
Der of men and making armed con-
filct more bloody and more costly"
He concluded by saying that a po-
lice force alone would not be effect
I've. To prevent widespread outbreaks
OF violence moral forces must be or
sanized as well. He analysed these
under three heads.
/. Arbitration. or the present
judicial process
2 Cancellation, or Investigation by
Joint tribunals. In this question Of so
called honor" must not be excepted.
81 legislation international laws
must be formally drawn up by rep
resentative body
Theodore Marburg OF Baltimore.
former minister TO Belgium. said.
mere existed at the Hague sew