davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Deafness Cannot Be Cured

by local applications. as they Cam.
reach the diseased portion of the ear
There is only one way to cure deaf.
ness, and that is by constitutions
remedies. Deafness is caused by q,
iuflamed condition of the mucor
lining of the Eustachian Tube Whel
this tube is inhamsd you have
rumbling sound or imperfec. hearin,
and when it is entirely closed, Dea
ness is the result, and unless the il
fammation can be ia ken out and thi
tube restored to its normal condition
hearing will be destr ,yed 70 rever
nine cases out of ten are caused b
Catarrh, which is.nothiug but an in
famed condition of the mucous sur
faces.
We will give One uundred Dollar,
for any case of Deafness (caused b.
catarrh) that cannot be cured b,
Haips Catarrh Cure. Send for circu
lars, free
F. CHENEY & co,
Toledo, Ohio.
Sold by Druggists, 75c.
Take Halls Family Pills for cnnsti
patton. adv.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Easily Explained.

An esteemed city resident was ram
bling through the country when he
came across farmer busily engaged
with hammer and saw and a can
of paint.
Another building boom, see," jov.
tally remarked the city man. hating
to watch the work. rs 1t a garage or
miniature bungalow"
Wrong on both counts. mister"
answered Uncle Josh, continuing his
work. This here thing is a chicken
COOP"
"A chicken coop, eh?" returned the
city man, with a closer look. why
do you paint the inside of it,"
Have ter do it, mister" solemnly
declared Uncle Josh. That's ter
Keep the hens from pickin' the grain
out O. the wood -Philadelphia Tele-
graph.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Not ForcefuI Enough.

When couched in negative form re-
luests bring negative results. A young
aan said to a father: 81 suppose you
will refuse IL l ask for the hand Of
your daughter" The father replied.
Yes, 1 will refuse; but II you had
put 1t the other way. that you were
bound to have my daughter II you
aad to kill me first. you could have had
her. AS it Ii, you have defeated your
self at the start, and I do not want
, son-in-law Of that type Of mind. A
nan who defeats himself on proposi
lions at the start needs to be looked
after by someone else most Of the
time."
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Stomach Ache.

Segmentary neurosis is the predis.
posing cause of disease belonging to
the class Of the paroxysmal spasmodic
disorders associated with the mus.
culature of the .alimentary canal In
members of this class seizures occur
in connection with food taking and
gastro-oesophageal hypertonus; they
also occur from mental and emotion
al excitement, and from muscular eff.
fort; in them both visceral and parie-
tai layers of muscles are engaged in
spasm. Consequently they resemble
the anginal seizure in other features
besides that of predisposing cause A
neurosis attended by intercostal by.
peralgesia ensues when dendritic
fbers belonging to the affected CEN
ter traverse pressure zones of hyper
plasias, aneurisms, new growths and
pericardial and pleuritic adhesions.
Hence these diseases, as we'll as gas.
trio disorders, may be regarded as
potential remote causes of anginal
pains and seizures.-H. Walter Verdun
in the Lancet
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
PROVERBS THAT ARE VICIOUS
There 10 Usually Trouble for Some
body When One Of These 10
Quoted.

There are some proverbs that are
used only to bolster unworthy thoughts
or words or actions Here is one of
them: Charity begins at home. OF
course it does, but no one says that
to himself. or says 1t out loud, who
does not wish to excuse some mean
and parrinonious action, the Chris
tian En- avor World states. Every
really generous man will Of course be-
gin his charities at home; but he will
never think of mentioning the fact as
reason for not giving and doing all
that he can for people and causes out.
side his home
Business is business. To be sure 1t
is, but no one deems It necessary to
state that fact unless he is doing or
intends to do some hard, cold and un-
feeling thing. When a cruel landlord
intends to turn a widow and her fam
lily into the street, he is very likely
to remark as he proceeds to do it,
Business is business" II promoter
seeks to work of some worthless
stocks on an unsuspecting victim, he
ia likely to remark that business is
business" and that every one must
look out for himself" II q money.
shark forecloses on a poor man who
cannot pay an exorbitant interest, he
Is sure to tell you with much solem-
nifty that, though 1t is hard, yet "busi.
ness is business
We must play the game. This
though sometimes used in a good
sense, often means in business par
lance that we must be as mean and
sharp and untrustworthy as other bad
men They are playing the game;
and. if we would not lose, we must
play it. too. They have no conscience
In financial transactions; so we must
smother ours They bow down to the
money god; so must we, or we shall
get left In the dollar race.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
FAREWELL OF PICKETT AND
HIS STAFF.

LaSalle Corbell Pickett In telling of
the close of the war between the states
and the parting of her husband. Cen
eral George E. Pickett of the Confed-
eracy. and his staff says:
HE gave his staff farewell break
fast at our home. They did not once
refer to the past, but each wore a blue
strip. tied like sash, around his waist
1t was the old headquarters flag, which
they had saved from the surrender and
Torn into strips that each might keen
one in sad memory. After breakfast
he went to the door and from a white
rosebush which his mother had plant
ed cut bud for each. He put one in
my hair and pinned one to the coat OF
each of his officers. Then for the first
time the tears came. and the men who
had been closer than brothers for fotr
fearful years clasped hands IN silence
and parted"
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Relics Of Old Persia.

Shuster, the old capital of Persia,
is one of Trans wonder cities. In the
dawn of Persian civilization it took a
leading part. On the bank of the only
navigable river the country can boast,
the city gets its name from the ia
nous ruler, Shapur, who built great
irrigation dams and q noble bridge
across the Kurun, now wrongly cred
tied to the Emperor Valerian. Sixteen
hundred years have left the great
bridge, q quarter Of a mile in length,
with yawning gaps. but the water of
the river runs today through the chan
nels and tunnels made to fertilize a
land that had not yet been overrun
by the~Arabic barbarians, who de.
stroyed the culture of Persia.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
os.sssan Q q Z Asersnsmer,

n. Guda:e was the aged cook II ~
french astronomer La.ande. Like
many mea Of distinction in his com.
try and era. Lalande at one time dab
bled H. ie in the culinary art him
self. He rontrived sauce or two
which g.. ule pronounced promising
lDr an aDsiteur. and he was an expert
.aaker of salads. which he was wont
10 prepare, ut table for the delectatlon
Of his guests
"Rut there is now no more of that"
Gudule la,iianted with his head jul!
of miserai stars he hardly knows OF
from vinesAr. He makes no more sal
ads. the unhappy man. and tnosr
which ! prepare for him with the nj
most care and serve charmingly-
eds to tena:t king-he devours with
uut CLAN =. without word. without
savoring. without approaching as If
they were no more than boiled cab
bage! A donkey eating thistles along
the highw, y is more grateful for hta
dinner. S:ars are we'll enough in tn,
sky. look you. but it is imheci.e to per
NIT them to interfere with your lneais
here on earth. Heaven. which created
victuals and inspires cooks. never u
tended it. |. Gudule. say So"
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Anciant Asfronomx.

A most interesting discovery b
Egypt has been made. where an OF
servatory has been found at Meroe
the bottom of well in an under
ground bathing establishment. the aG
vantage of such an observatory bein
that the stars could be seen by day g,
well as by night. This observatory, +.
Is claimed. was evidently copy of th,
famous observatory at Assuan, wher,
the circumference Of the earth was
first determined-a work which was
said to have been done at the bottom
Of the well. The chamber in which the
astronomers instruments were placed
was ideally fitted for its purpose. Only
q strip of sky was observable. On one
OF the stucco walls the astronomer has
left record of his calculations.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
"ALoNG THE ROAD TO TOKYO,

On the second day of our Chautau
qua there will be decidedly unioue
and thoroughly delightful entertain
ment given by Japanese, Mr.. and Mrs
Mlchitaro Ongawa and accompanist
In the afternoon it will be An After
noon In japan" and at night Along
the Road to Tokyo
The two entt rta.nments are JapaneSt
music sketches, many folk songs OF
that interesting country being given
some of them in their native tongue
The musical part of the sketches will
be of interest TO students of music
Much of the material was gathered in
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23

thanks was given for the address, the
only tribute of the kind given any of
the speakers
He gave the address in Honolulu on
the Fourth of July, and the Advertiser
of that city says:
ut was the record Fourth of July in
these islands. The great building was
packed with an audience of all nations.
Governor Freer presided. The govern
ment officials. the supreme court, all
the foreign consuls and attaches, in
full uniform. made q brilliant setting
to the stage. But the feature was DR..
Thomas E. Green, who delivered such
an grafton as one hears but once in a
lifetime"
The Japan Times. Tokyo. In refer
ring to his address there on Memorial
day says. Such eloquence has never
been heard here nor will be soon
again"
DR.. Green is one of the greatest lee
turers in the world.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Happiness

The small boy gets his happiness
neck deep In the creek on An August
lay; the grandfather finds 1t in the
society solumns of the newspapers
when their names appear among
those present." some look for 1t in
the stock market-to them 1t is q
natter of dollars and cents There
ire as many varieties Of happiness as
here are sorts of people. But the
most satisfying and lasting happiness
the retroactive type that comes
through making others happy. We
get out of life in proportion to what
70 put into It.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
A Statue Of Brick.

Perhaps no other nation In the world
save the inventive Germans would
have thought of building statue OF
brick. In the little city of vegesack,
near Bremen and in the district OF
the German clay fields. the citizens
have erected such statue to one OF
their number who won fame as an
African explorer. The monument is
OF brick. thirty feet in height. includ.
ing the pedestal. The architect mold.
ed the figures of man and camel ont
of solid mass of ctav. which was
burned in 4 great kiln and then sawed
into brick sized blocks.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Napoleon's Name.

A Greek scholar called attention to a
very curious coincidence about the
name Of Napoleon. If you take away
the first letter of his name you have
"apoleon;" take away the first letter of
that word. and You have ''poleon:" do
this successfully down to the last syl-
liable. and YOU have leon" icon" and
on" Put these several words togeth-
err in this order. Napoleon on oieon leon
con apoleon poleon. and you have q
Greek phrase the literal translation of
which is Napoleon, being the lion of
peoples. went about destroying cities"
Exchange
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23

costly sacrifice which Petersburg had
given to the south. Many hands We're
reached out to greet General Pickett.
and from the lips of many black
robed mother came the words: MY
son was with you at Gettysburg. God
bless you"' A salute of 100 guns an
nounced the marriage, cheers followed
the party. and chimes and bands and
bugles played as the couple left for
their wedding reception in Richmond.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
THE BURDEN ofrHE NArtoNs.r

DIR. Thomas E. Green, who comes to
the fifth day Of our Chautauqua with
bis great lecture, THE Burden of the
Nations" is lecturer, a traveller and
an author. He has cireled the globe.
He is vice president of the Ameri-
can Peace Society and has seen and
interviewed sovereigns, prime minis
tiers, governors, students, people of
every sort and kind. He is the man
who created such a sensation at the
fourth American Peace Congress, held
in st. Louis, of which the st. Louis
Globe-Democrat says:
1.-TWO thousand persons rose to their
feet, cheering and waving handker-
chiefs at the close of the address by
DR.. Thomas e. Green on The Burden
Of the Nations A standing vote Of
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
CRIMSON CLOVER

Read Farmers Bulletin No. $40 Crimson
Cloyar. 1t Free. Address U. S. Dept.
OF Agriculture, Washington, ID. G.
A buSael of Crimson Clover Seed sown
N four acres of ground will increase the
iucceeding yield Of Corn or Cotton about
he same amount as would a ton OF COM
)letc fertilizer applied at the rate of 500
bs. pei acre A good stand of Crimson
lover turned under viii ordinarily doubls
he yield OF the crops which follow. The
shy zeal condition Of the soil is also ma
erla4iy benefited. The Sandy Soils ara
increased in H mus and Nitrogen, Con
.enderea more '1 o6en land and friable.
CriCs9a Clover makes an excellent graz
sFop, hsy, ens1iage a and pasture aa11I Tor
'I's5dera5ly more milk when pastured
Crimson Clover. 1t is also valuable as
honey plant, furnishing an abundant sup
- OF nectar in the spring.
Crimson Clover is valuable as a Winter
aver cfcp. 1t is especially valuable in
II ards where it is generally, plowed
41eE Is Il green manure crop. The plants
ain Tor the use Of the trees the following
= nluch Of the plant food which would
= wise iel u oEt of the ground during
= Winter AID early Spring. a good stand
rOsion ard the gullying of the fields, but
! sandy !iei1si the blowing OF the soil by
So serve te hold the snow. to a greater
Xtent than if the field was left bare dur
? the Winter. More and more each year
Hrsuers are realizing the importance and
eat value of Crimson Clover.
BeIgicno's "Go,d" Brand Standard
Crimson Clover
) exceptionally fine It has large well
laturel pl amp bright golden berries. II
on want tie best Field Seeds of any kind
5Tavs insist on getting Bolgiano's
Geld Brand Standard Cloyers and
We Offer Enormous Stocks
'ow Peas. Winter Netch, Sudan Grass,
imothy Seed. led Clover, Alfalfa, Alsyke,
led Top or Herds Grass, Pure Kentucky
u = ti}7SS. Orchard Grass. Winter Oats,
al Ne. low Oats Grass, Miliet Perma-
Re Pas IRE Mixture. Dwarf Essex Rape,
Il varieties II TuIiiil Seed, including Cow
Tern Turnip. Southern Seven Top, Yellow
,ilobe. Etc. Cabbage, kale, Spinach, Win
ter RadiSh.
We both bug and ss75 Fancy Seed Wheat
Send SdmpleS.
instruction Books Free
Send for our large Garden, Field and
Flower Seed Catalogue. also our "a page
Poultry and Poultry Supply Catalogue.
containing valuable information for at
Poultry RaiSers.
Five Dollars in Gold.
For the largest and best developed Red
-op White Globe Turnip grown from our
Led ard delivered at our store on or be-
ore N0vera Der 18th 1915. This is the hand
soonest and most salable Turnip. 1t is a
iar9e rapid growing sort. with globular
shaped roots, flesh pure white. The skin
Is white and purple The under portion
5aing white and the top bright purple.
send us ten cents in stamps, mention
this paper and we will send you a large
package of this wonderful turnip so you
can enter this contest.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
j. BOI5ianO d Son,
Founded 1918.
Almost 100 years selling Big Crop"
Seeds.
Baltimore, Md.
Church Directory.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL SOUTH.
Every Sunday at II A. NJ. and 500
?. NJ. REV i R JACOBS.
Pastor
PRES BYTERIAN.
Woodstock Every Sunday IL A
NJ. and 500 p. M, except md Sunday
Mt. JACK son-Second Sunday II A
NJ. and 40 P NJ.
New Market-2nd Sunday at 3 D. NJ.
REV. ] A. MCMURRAY.
Pastor
LUTHERAN.
Every SUNDAY II \. NJ and $50
P. NJ. REV. S. w. RUINS, Pastor.
CHRISTIAN.
Second Sunday, IL A. NJ. and 40
P Nj. REV. ]. D. HAMAKER
EPISCOPAL.
There will be services in the Epis-
coral Church every Sunday morning
at II 'clock-uptil fu, lher notice.
Rev. G. B. PALMER, Rector.
REFORMED
St. Paul's Woodstock-2d and 4th
Sundays AN Every Sunday night
Calvary-1st and Bird SUNDAYS A NJ.
REV NJ. NJ. NoACKER, Pastor.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23


Cut out this advertisement, enclos.
cents to Foley q Co.. 2835 Sheffielt
Ave-. Chicago, ILL.,, writing your nam
and address clearly. You will re
ceive in return q trial package cor
tanning:
~ Foley's Honey and Tar Com
pound. the standard family remeG
for coughs. colds, Group. whoopins
cough. tightness and soreness II
chest grippe and bronchial coughs.
"a Foley Kidney Pills, for Over
worked and disordered kidneys an
bladder ailments. pain in sides anG
back due to Kidney Trouble, sors
muscles, sti1 Joints. backache ans
eheumati1m-
ca Foley Cathartic Tablets. I
wholesome and thoroughly clea.-in,
cathartic. Especially comforting t.
stout porpons. and : purgAtive needed
BY everybody with sluggish bowels
and torD64 1ivor. You can try these
HhreD fnm2lv Eano6lAg &eg Dn1g 81
2AEnou = DHoaH.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23

SEeci Fenk
The great objection to the steel De,
when il first came into general use
was its stiffness There was not that
give" and spring in the metal pen
which characterized the old fashioned
goose quill pen
This was remedied, however. by the
side splits which we see in pens today,
and for many years the method of slit
ting the pens by means of press was
kept secret by those famous penmak
ers. elliott and Mason
Briefly. the method OF manufacture
Of steel pen today may be described
as follows: The blanks are pierced
and the Sits cut after which the pen
requires to be softened by annealins
Then they are raised and hardened
secured with acid. colored. vanished
pnd dried girls afterward looking over
The pens. throwing aside the faulty
ones and packing the good ones into
boxes ready for sale
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Tiny German Staten.

While il Is we'll known that some OF
the German states are of iiIliputian
size, few persons are aware that 1t Is
quite possible to visit seven of them.
including two kingdoms, two iuchies
and three principalities In an easy
walk OF four and u half hours
A good walker. starting from Stein
bach. In Bavaria. will arrive In half an
hour at Lichtentanne. which is site
ated In SAY Meiningen Thence tbs
road .5rVeet-ds In one and one-hai.
hours to Rausf'h >ngesces (Reuss, Elder
Branch, after which ia few minutes
Gletma IN Sehwarzhnrg Rndolstadt Is
reached
Half an hours walk brings the pedes
TRAN to AltenCesees tRenss. Younger
Branch, An hour farther On lies
Drognitz on rruSStan soil and the ,asr
stage Is another hour stroll. finishing
mp at Sassha SAKE Altenburr
ner's WeekIy
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23

lausp.ssass VI anivtsos -useu cypress.
ieaved cedar, which served, when light.
ed, as Iure and the Chinese fish In
the night with white-painted boards
placed In a manner to reflect the rays
of the moon upon the water These
attract the fish to the boat, when the
men cast large net and seldom fail to
draw out considerable quantities. An.
chovies are fished for IN similar man
ner.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
The Dear Girls.

Il don't like MY new gown very
we'll. said the young lady recently
The material is awfully pretty and
the style is all right. but it needs solne.
thing to improve the shape OF it.
Why. suggested her dearest friend.
''uont you let some other girl wear
tT'-St. Louis Post Dispatch.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Rrnft In Mis4akea

Because one has made q mistake In
he business world is no cause for dis
enlargement. for II one Is keen enough
% see and correct 1t. 1t may lead to fu
lure success.
Setting the goal high and permit
ing no discouragements or mistakes
o change the course will do away with
many Of the disappoiutments found In
the path OF most people ct 5000 dine
4 49, A9pog1aeooeC 49, 49,
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
THE WEEDS AND FLOWERS OF
LlTERATURE."

There is a constant demand for In
telligent discussion of the live person
al issues of the day, the things that
are tangible and that leave an impress
sion on our lives, and the management
Of Chautauqua state that 1t is in re-
Spouse to just this sort Of demand that
they are sending to our program Fa-
Their D. J. Cronin, who will deliver his
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
REUNION HAMBURG
CORNET BAND,

A L PAINTERS GROVE, NEAR Bow
MANS, VA, SATURDAY. July 3Ist
Account above Reunion Southe
r .ilway will sell red dced ia q tickle
from iarrisonburg, Fro1t Roy al an,
intermediate Sstations to Bowman>
Va, and return, July 80 and Bis
with return limit August 2ud.
For further information ,consu
Agents.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
IRE You Feeling Fit 2

Do you envy the man or woman oil
untirlng energy, strong body and
haopy disposition? All these depend
upon good health, and good eslth is
impossible when the kidneys Are d. .
eased. Fo'ey Kidney Pills help tt e
kidneys cast out poisons that eau e
backsche, rheumatism. and 9th 7
symptoms OF dargerors Kidney and
bladder troubles Walton g. Snoot.
adv.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Odd Fishes.

It is said that at one time the Ice
landers taught tame bears to jump into
the sea and catch seals. In China
birds do equally well, for at a signal
they dive into the lakes and bring up
large fish grasped in their bills In
Greece the fishermen use branches If
r;ae steeped Il bitch aud ,issfAf the
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
A HerctIleao T.eL

The bridegroom was intensely seri
Gus.
MY dear he said to his little wife
they are always little,, You have q
hard tasx before you. Now that we are
wed. you will have to prove TO my four
sisters that you are worthy Of me-
Philadelphia Ledger.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23

famous lecture. weeds and Flowers
of Literature"
He is man of large heart and new
the baccalaureate address for the high
school several times, although more
than 30 per cent of the population of
his home town are members Of Prot
estant churches.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
1.-THE CHILD BRIDE
OF THE CONFEDERACY."

General George E. Pickett and Miss
LaSalle Corbell We're married In old
st Paul's Church in Petersburg, Va,
Sept 10. 1863, while the bells rang out
the chimes that still make music from
that old belfry and are yet known as
"Pickett's Chimes" In the throng
which crowded the church and extend
ed to the sidewalk were hundreds
whose mourning garb attested to the
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23
Not an Admirer

"Your h'lslmnd loves horses, doesn't
he?''
No.. replied young Mrs. Torkins.
But he is always going to the races. :
"Yes. But the way he talks about
the horses after he gets home il some
eAIae AMa6fnl. - ashinktnn afsr-
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1915-07-23

Japan. The scenery and costuming will
be correct in every particular
AS faithful pictures of the poetic side
of japanese life these programs can.
not be surpassed. Imagine yourself
transported to the land of the cherry
blossoms, with the sun smiling down
on you. You are on the road to Tokyo,
and along the way you meet with a
picturesque people, happy as butter.
flies. singing as they pass. Every
where is the gay. free life of Japan,
pOetical in the extreme. This, in brief
Is what is pictured by Mr.. and Mrs,
Ongawa.