davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-11-07

as we'll on the quarter deck as in an
executive Office for Capt Bullard is a
sailor man first and an electrical en-
gineer and director OF vast, world
wide system of communication second.
Born in Pennsylvania in Decembel
1866. he is not quite forty-nine years
old In 1882 he was appointed to the
Naval Academy, from which 1nstltu-
ton he was graduated four years later,
but to which he has returned for four
different tours of duty member
of the faculty. Physics, chemistry and
electrical engineering have been the
branches he has taught. and a text
book he has written on electrical en-
gineering is standard there and else
where.
He originated and for period of
four years was at the head of the new
department of electrical engineering at
the Naval Academy, serving in that
capacity from 1907 to 1911. Through
the navy are scores of young officers
who owe their knowledge Of electrical
engineering and fondness for the sci
ence to the Bullarl inspiration.
But in the navy. no matter what
NAV be the scientific attainments of
an officer he has to perform the rou-
tine duties of the service Hence Capt.
Buliard has more than sixteen years
of sea duty to his credit. his last COM
mand before coming ashore to be su-
perintendent of the radio service being
captain of the mine layer San Fran
CISCO for he is sharp on ordnance
and explosives as well as being a
sharp" on electricity.
During the Spanish-American war ne
was a Junior officer on the commerce
destroyer Columbia. which at first
patrolied the north Atlantic coast.
hunting for Spanish commerce TO
DESTROY but to her disgust, finding
none and also hunting for the phantom
Spanish fleets that never materlallZed.
Later in the war the Columbia took
part in the Porto Rico expedition, con-
yoying the expedition of Gen. Miles.
and there saw a bit of the war.
Rather more productive of action
were the three years Capt. Bullard
spent in the Philippine and Chinese
waters. and an education in Latin
American relations came through a
three-year cruise in South America. All
this however, was but by the way. The
radiating spark was what occupied
Capt Billiards. thoughts chiefly.
In 1899. the year following the Span
ish-American war, Mr.. Marconi brought
to this country from Italy three sets
of his wonderful new wireless appara-
tus. the immediate purpose being to
use them in reporting the international
yacht races of that year The Navy
Department. long interested in the sub
Ject. appointed a board of four officers
to observe and report on the working
of the system.
Following the report OF this board
the department placed the battleship
Massachusetts,. the armored cruiser
New York and the torpedo boat Porter
at the disposal of Mr.. Marconi for fur
ther experiments with shore station
established on the grounds Of the
Evening star., 1915-11-07

April and May. The pickers have great
baskets strapped to their shoulders,
and they pick the berries into the bas-
kets. Men, women and children en-
gage in the picking, and they are paid
at so much per basket. In one day
man should gather enough coffee ber-
ries to make fifty pounds of dried
Evening star., 1915-11-07

coffee. The baskets hold about three
fourths of a bushel, and the price paid
ranges from IL cents to IS cents per
basket, according to the season. The
pickers earn from $1.25. to $3.50 per
day.
ried on the train to the drying floors
Evening star., 1915-11-07
1HE story Of the development of
wireless communication in the
United States covers a span of

VI HjbE story OF the development or
III wireless communication in the
United States covers a span of
u only sixteen years. When that
story comes to be written the historian
viii find that the major portion of his
material and notes accumulated for the
task relates to the activities of the
navy. and that, in this portion of them.
the figure of Capt. William Fl. G. Bull
lard. L. S N. is prominent.
For just as the navy pioneered in
wireless. so. within the navy, Capt.
Bullard was a leader of the pioneers
1t really was seventeen years ago that
Capt Buliard, then a young naval lieu
tenant, fresh from Spanish American
war service, was attracted by the new
subject. During his student days at
Annapolis electricity and electrical en-
gineering had attracted him. These
studies he carried on further following
graduation. He became known as one
OF the electrical sharps" of the navy.
Wireless appealed 10 him. both as an
electrical engineer and as a military Of
fcer. With his knowledge of electricity
the military possibilities that lay in
wireless were readily apparent. So he
threw himself into the subject.
He is now-and has been ever since
the position was established three
years ago-superintendent of the navy
radio service. In that capacity he is
charged with the direction of the most
extensive wireless service in the world
today. More than fifty shore stations.
approximately $50 ship stations and
about $50 navy radio operators are un-
der his direction.
ESiSencIes Of the European war COM
PEELED the government to take over the
Sayville and Tuckerton privately own
ed wireless plants, the only private
plants in the country communicating
directly With continental Europe. Of
ncers md men of the navy under The
direction OF Capt Bullard are operat-
ing these plants.
Necessity rather than premeditation
caused the navy radio service to 90 into
genera! commercial! radio telegra ply
throughout its system. Some Of this is
Gratuitous service; much of it paid for
About $4,000 year represents the
revenues from the commercial opera
tions.
No privately owned radio company In
the world is operating so great an
equipment or doing SO much business
as the navy radio service: no European
government radio service compares
with it in magnitude.
Under the slender shadows of ths
trinity of towers on Arlington heights
overlooking Washington from the yir.
ginia side of the Potomac Is a brick
building, dwarfed by the great struc.
lures that rise above it. In one corner
Of this building. on the second floor, is
the Office of Capt. Bullard. On tn.
walls hang portraits of Kelvin, Morse
Bell and other great figures in tho
electrical world
At a desk, piled with current report,
and correspondence, sits Capt. Bu1lard
stocky, gray, clean-shaven. grave 0!
facs-a figure that manifestly belong,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-12-09
MOBILIZE INDUSTRIES
OF THIS COUNTRY.
Many Conditions Are Being Altered
From Decade to Decade.

Many Conditions Are Being Altered
From Decade to Decade.
What Is more important Is that the
industries and resources of the country
should be available and ready for
mobilization. 1t is the more impera-
lively necessary. therefore. that We
should promptly devise means for do
ing what we have not yet done-that
We should give intelligent federal aid
and stimulation to industrial and vOca-
tonal education, as We have long done
in the large field of our agricultural
industry; that 1T the same time that
we safeguard and conserve the natural
resources OF the country We should
put them at the disposal OF those who
will use them promptly and intelli-
gently, as was sought to be done in
the admirable bills submitted to the
last congress from its committees on
the public lands, bills which earnest
~ recommend in principle to your con-
slderation; that We should put into
early operation some provision for
rural credits which will add to the ex-
tensive borrowing facilities already
afforded the farmer by the reserve
bank act adequate instrumentalities
by which long credits may be obtained
on land mortgages and that we should
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-12-09

study more carefully than they have
hitherto been studied the right adapta-
ton of our economic arrangements to
changing conditions.
Many conditions about which we
have repeatedly legislated are being
altered from decade to decade, It IL
evident, under our very eyes and are
likely to change even more rapidly
and more radically in the days imme-
diately ahead of US when peace has
returned to the world and the nations
Of Europe once more take up their
tasks of commerce and industry with
the energy Of those who must bestir
themselves to build anew. Just what
these changes will be no one can Ger.
talnly foresee or confidently predict.
There are no calculable. because no
stable. elements in the problem. The
most We can do is to make certain
that We have the necessary instrumen.
talities Of information constantly at
our service 80 that we may b sure
that we know exactly what we are
dealing with when we come to act, X
It should be necessary to act at all.
We must first certainly know what It
is that we are seeking to adapt our
selves to. I may ask the privilege of
addressing you more at length on this
important matter a little later In your
session.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-12-09
ACTIVITIES Of
OUR LAW MAKERS
At WASHINGTON
Pet Measures Appear in Plenty
Come Back Republicans
misunderstanding Laws
Will BE Revised-Prepared.
ness Organizations to Be In.
neutrality-suspicious. Will
Not Let Democrats Forget
the Tariff for a Minute.

Washington, Dec. New and old men,
pet measures covering about every
legislative topic, Representative Dale Of
New York has introduced measures for
charging the New York navy yard so
that it may build battleships. and pro-
posing the construction of an armor
plate factory at that yard after the in
vestigation of the availability Of the site
by a board. a bill prohibiting railroads
from owning or leasing coal lands was in
troduced by Representative Cullop, an
Indiana democrat.
Representative Mondell of Wyoming,
republican, offered resolution to re-
peal the free sugar clause of the Under
wood-Simmons bill and Representatives
Longworth of Ohio. republican. and
SABBATH Of Illinois, democrat. introduced
bills for a tariff commission.
Jim Grow" law applying to the
street cars OF the District Of Columbia
was offered by Representative Harrison
of Mississippi
a two per cent revenue tax on the
sales Of mail order houses is proposed
In bill by Representative Roberts OF
Nevada. the father-n-law OF Washing
tons star pitcher, Walter Johnson.
With all the opening session activities
however, the prodigal sons are mainly
IN the spotlight. Among the more con-
spcuous come backs" are former Speak
er Cannon, Representatives Hollinsworth
OF Ohio, Mckinley, Foss, Sterling and
Fuller of Illinois, Longworth OF Ohio
Sulloway Of New Hampshire. Hin OF
Connecticut. Focht OF Pennsylvania and
Dyer of Missouri
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-12-09
TO REVISE NEUTRALITY LAWS.

TO REVISE NEUTRALITY LAWS
There will be suggested revsons of
our neutrality laws, and doubtless
strong efforts for an investigation Of
the influences behind the campaign for
greater ornaments Whether such an
investigation will be sanctioned is too
early to say with certainty. but such
straws as are visible show that in ad-
ministration quarters the wind does not
blow that way. Secretary Garrison be-
lieves the advocates of an investigation
desire only to befudde the issue in
order to defeat the defence program II
they can. Investigations, however. are
not hard to set on foot, and II it be-
comes politically wise to go through the
motions of perfunctory inquiry aside
from the hearing on the army and navy
bills administration leaders will no doubt
approve ii. though. to be sure, there is
at this time little evidence that the
Presidents friends in Congress are wor-
ried over the prospect.
TO INVESTIGATE PREPAREDNESS.
Expressing Impotence with inslnua-
lions that those interested in national
defence have IAN axe to grind" Repre-
PRODUCED in the House resolution to
investigate not only certain preparedness
organizations. but also labor's national
peace council.
His resolution proposed that a select
House committee OF FIVE members shall
inquire into the organization. member
ship. expenditures. receipts and sources
thereof Of the Navy League. the Ma
tional Security League, the American
Defence society and l.abors National
Peace Council
Mr.. Gardner said he was taking the
pacifh and propagandlst bulls by the
horns. lie added:
Il am getting little tired of insinua
tons and even allegations that my mo-
tives are corrupt. If we national de-
fence advocates are a parcel OF crooks,
the sooner the country knows it the
better. II we are honest men. the time
has come to call our caluminators to
account"
NO CHANCE TO FORGET TARIFF.
The republicans will not let the demo
Gratis forget for a minute about the
tariff and the hrst oratorical fireworks
may be expected in this connection when
the democrats attempt to raise revenues
to meet The new expenditures The
calamity howlers' Will not necessa rily
be brought into the fray by the repub-
llcan leaders-the argument will touch
only dellcately on the thought that pres
ent prosperity may be ephemeral and
might cease when war orders end.
This line is recognized, however. as
perhaps unconvincing in the face Of the
steady and solid improvement in business
| shown on every side, SO the republican,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-12-09
REGULATIONS TO MEET
RAILROAD PROBLEM.

Needed 70 Mako Lines More Useful
Servants Of Country.
In the meantime may / make this
suggestion? The transportation prob
lem is an exceedingly serious and
pressing one In this country. There
has from time to time of late been rea-
son to fear that our railroads would
not much longer be able to cope with
It successfully, as at present equipped
and co-ordinated. suggest that 1t
would be wise to provide for q COM
mission of inquiry to ascertain by a
thorough canvass Of the whole ques-
ton whether our laws as at present
framed and administered are as serv.
iceable as they might be in tho solu-
ton Of the problem. 1t Is obviously
problem that lies at the very foun-
dalton Of our efficiency as a people.
Such an inquiry ought to draw out
every circumstance and opinion worth
considering. and we need to know
oil sides of the matter if we mean to
do anything in the field Of federal leg.
islation.
No one, / am sure, would wish to
take any backward step. The regula-
ton of the railways Of the country by
federal commission has had admirable
results and has fully justified the
hopes and expectations of those by
whom the policy Of regulation was
originally proposed. The question is
not, What should we undo? 1t is
whether there Is anything else we can
do that would supply us with effective
means. in the very process Of regu-
lation, for lettering the conditions un.
der which the railroads are operated
and for making them more useful serv-
ants of the country as a whole. 1t
seems to me that it might be the part
Of wisdom. therefore, before further
legislation in this field is attempted.
to look at the whole problem Of co.or.
dination and efficiency In the full light
Of fresh assessment of circumstance
and opinion. as guide to dealing with
the several parts Of 1t.
For what we are seeking now. what
in my mind is the single thought of
this message. is national efficiency and
security. We serve great nation.
We should serve It in the spirit OF its
peculiar genius. 1t is the genius of
common men for self government, in.
dustry. justice, liberty and peace. We
should see to it that it lacks no in.
strument. no facility or vigor Of law,
to make it sufficient to play its part
with energy. safety and assured sue
cess. In this we are no partisans but
heralds and prophets Of new age.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-12-09
NATURAL RESOURCES
SHOULD BE CONSERVED.
Further Rural Credits Advisable.
Transportation . Problem.

While we speak Of the preparation Of
the nation to make sure Of her securi-
ty and her effective power We must
not fall into the patent error Of sup.
posing that her real strength comes
from ornaments and mere safeguards
Of written law. 1t comes, Of course,
from her people, their energy, their
success in their undertakings, their
free opportunity to use the natural
resources Of our great home land and
of the lands outside our continental
borders which look to us for protec-
ton, for encouragement and for assist
ance in their development; from the
organization and freedom and vitality
of our economic life. The domestic
questions which engaged the attention
of the last congress are more vital to
the nation in this its time Of test than
at any other time. We cannot ade-
quately make ready for any trial Of
our strength unless We wisely and
promptly direct the force of our laws
into these all important fields of domes-
tic action. A matter which it seems
to me we should have very much at
heart is the creation Of the right in.
strumentalities by which to mobilize
our economic resources in any time Of
national necessity. take it for grant
ed that / do not need your authority
to call into systematic consultation
with the directing officers Of the army
and navy men of recognized leadership
and ability from among our citizens
who are thoroughly familiar. for cx.
ample. with the transportation facili.
ties of the country and therefore COM
petent to advise how they may be CO.
Ordinated when tue need arises, those
who can suggest the best way in which
to bring about prompt cooperation
among the manufacturers Of the coun-
try, should it be necessary. and those
who could assist to bring the technical
skill of the country to the aid Of the
government In tbs solution Of particu'
lar problems Of defense, only hope
that If should find 1t feasible to con-
stitute such an advisory body the con.
gress would be willing to vote the
small sum of money that would be
needed to defray the expenses that
would probably be necessary to give II
the clerical and administrative ma.
chinery with which to do serviceabls
work.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-12-09

fire will be directed chiefly on the al
legged failure of the tariff to provide suf-
hcient revenue for national expenditures
and the real need for a revision Of the
tariff to meet the economic changes IN
duced by the European war
In this the democrats will play a cau-
tious game-meeting the tariff issue only
If the republicans succeed in stirring up
naton-w wide interest in it. An then
there is no doubt of it in authoritative
quarters-President Wilson will pronounce
himself in favor OF such changes as the
upheaval in costs OF labor and production
abroad will be found to require
1t is going to be an interesting Con-
gress, to say the least. Not alone is there
attraction enough in the wide range of
views that members of Congress hold on
the question Of preparedness. hut 1t must
not be forgotten that the friends of the
embargo on arms have not yet been 81
fenced,
Senator Hitchcock Of Nebraka-who has
no German name. but believes in the en-
barge because he is up for reelection in
1916, and would not object to little vote
getting on that score-will press the
measure he introduced at the last session
Somebody is getting ready to introduce
bills to prohibit Americans from travelling
on ships of belligerents,
PLENTY OF EXCITEMENT.
But there will be plenty of excitement
| in the national capital and hustle enough
| to suit the most mastid!ous And withal
there is to be social season With the
Presidents remarrlage on December IS,
mourning Will be Officially ended, and the
usual round Of receptions and dinners
will follow. There are 10 be two dinners
for the diplomatic corps-one for the
entente countries and another for the
Germanic powers, with some OF the neu-
| trails at one and some at the other, with
somebody in our state department al
| ready losing sleep trying TO figure out
what neutrals to select for each group.
In all the activities OF the winter. there
will be also Il few side shows of no small
| Importance enough TO worry the con-
gresham and perhaps tax his patience.
| The advocates OF prohibition and anti
prohibition, the sufrragettes and the ants,
are here in fun force to push their pet
projects before the faces OF the legisla-
tors to the exclusion of all else,
| For neutral capital, there Is going to
be more war-domestic and foresn-more
| issues pertinent and extraneous, and
| more politics irrelevant and superfiuous.
| than the average member OF Congress
and maybe the country too--will be able
| to digest, And with the growing interest
round the globe in things that are hap
pening i'm Americas national capital, the
gallery will be large and diversified, One
| feels almost tempted to hang out the
come early and-avoid-th e-rush sign.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-12-09

ard here--that men Of such origins and
such free choices Of allegiance would
ever turn in malign reaction against
the government and people who had
welcomed and nurtured them and seek
10 make this proud country once more
n hotbed Of European passion. A lit.
tie while ago such thing would have
seemed incredible. Because 1t was IN
credible we made no preparation for
It We would have been almost
ashamed to prepare for 1t, rs II We
were suspicious of ourselves, our own
comrades and neighbours! But the ugly
and incredible thing has actually come
about, and we are without adequate
federal laws to deal with It. I urge
you to enact such laws at the earliest
possible moment and feel that in doing
10 am urging you to do nothing less
than save the honor and self respect
Of the nation. Such creatures Of pas
sion, disloyalty and anarchy must be
crushed ont. They are not many, but
they are infinitely malignant, and the
hand Of our power should close over
them ut once. They have formed plots
to destroy property. they have entered
into conspiracies against the neutrality
Of the government, they have sought
to pry into every confidential trans
action Of the government In order to
serve interests alien to our own. It Ia
possible to deal with these things very
effectually. l need not suggest the
terms in which they may be dealt with.
wish that 1t could be said that only
a few men, misled by mistaken senti-
ments of allegiance to the governments
under which they were born, had been
guilty Of disturbing the self possession
and incorporating the temper and
principles Of the country during these
days of terrible war. when 1t would
seem that every man who was truly an
American would instinctively make 1t
his duty and his pride to keep the
scales of judgment even and prove him.
self Il partisan Of no nation but his
own But 1t cannot. There are some
men among us and many resident
abroad who, though born and bred in
the United States and calling them.
selves Americans. have so forgotten
themselves and their honor az citizens
as to put their passionate sympathy
with one or the other side in the great
European conflict above their regard
for the peace and dignity Of the United
States. They also preach and practice
disloyalty. No laws. suppose. can
reach corruptions of the mind and
-. = q.
without also speaking Of these and ex.
pressing the even deeper humiliation
and scorn which every self possessed
and thoughtfully patriotic American
must feel when he thinks Of them and
of the discredit they are daily bringing
upon us.