davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20

~ AHA. Brazil, Nov. 2O.-For almo
800 years Bahia was the center OF
- the slave trade Of Brazil. The first
negro slave was brought here from
Africa in 1883. only 81 years after Co
lumbus started out to discover America
Two years later there were more than
1900 African slaves in the country
and the importations continued off and
on until 1860, when British gunboats
were stationed in the south Atlantic
ocean Tor the purpose Of suppressins
the traffic Nevertheless, ten years
later there were still 1850. 900 slaves in
Brazil, and in 1885 the number was still
more thar million The emancipation
proclamation Of Brazil was issued over
ten years before that time, but the abo-
not until 1883 that It was finally abOI-
ished.
More Negroes Than whites.
st the beginning Of the last century
Brazil had less than a half million
whites and something like 100000 ne
grOes- There were also 100000 indians
The whites exploited the negroes and
the indians, and they had so developed
the country that they had a foreign
trade Of about ten million dollars. At
that time 10000 slaves were being an
nually imported and 5000 were sold in
the market Of Rio de Janeiro-
OF the crown and others were attached
to the converts The negro population
was employed in every kind of labor
both civil and criminal It is said that
some of the masters played the part OF
the old Jew, Fagin. in oliver Twist"
They would send out from 20 to 10C
slaves IN the morning without their
breakfast and compel them to bring in
q certain amount Of money at night
What they got over that amount be-
lOnged to themselves The builders
made each slave bring back with him
g stone fit for construction and white
tools
Have All Rights Now.
Today the negroes Of Brazil have, II
anything, more rights than the negroes
OF the United States. They are proper
tiOnately far greater in number al
though the white race is said TO be in
creasing more rapidly. This is so in
the United States In 1850 the proper
ton Of negroes in our country was a
little over Is per cent In 1880 it had
fallen 20 about Is per cent, while in
1910 it was a little more than 10 per
cent We had then over 100000 people
with more or less African blood in
their veins. whereas Brazil. with less
than one-fifth OF our population, had
over 100000. Of these'mOre than one
third were pure negroes, and that is
probably the proportion among the ne
grOes Of Brazil today. The fewest are
now to be found right on the equator,
while the most live in the state of Rio
de JaneirO. forming a part of the cap-f
ital city There are ten times as many
negroes in the state OF Rio as in the
state Of AmazOnas.
Black spot of the Republic.
Going farther north between the
equator and Rio de Janeiro we find the
black spots Of the republic It is esti-
mated that Sc per cent of the people Of
these states Of Bahia and Pernambuco /
have sDrinGlinE or negro blood ir !
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20

w WASHINGTON, D. c., Nov. 90
| w An aboard for the turkey
speciaIrr
! It is the Thanksgiving train fast
train de luxe" carrying perhaps 1OO.-
+ 600 turkeys. but some OF the birds are
/ loaded with live birds in crates
There are many such turkey spe-
Gals" One Of them, starting from
I Glasgow. KY. Cthe center OF a great
! turkey growing district goes north
over the Southern railroad Several,
by the new York Central reach the
I metropolis from Chicago and other
points in the middle west In every
case the trains are timed TO arrive in
the big cities just before Thanksgiving,
/ when turkeys are In greatest demand
at highest prices
Always at the Thanksgiving season
there are plenty Of cold storage turkeys
70 be had Some Of them are a year or
more old But they command an in
ferlOr price The ultimate consumer"
has come 10 know the difference. the
housewife who wisely does her own
mar ketlng IS able TO recognfzS the cold
storage bird at glance, and she
passes on.
\ fresh-killed turkey has the clean
ana fresh look Of a well groomed baby.
1t cannot be mistaken II It's aspect
suggests the slightest doubt. IL is sure
y a cOld-storage bird-no matter what
The dealer may say.
To spend SI2 100000 For Turkeys
Six million turkeys viii be required
10 meet the Thanksgiving demand this
year Assuming that they bring at
retail an average price Of 81. this
means a total expenditure Of not less
Khan Sl2,O0O,0OO for the pieces de re-
sistance of the holiday table. II the
number or birds mentioned were to
march in single file. the line OF them
would extend all the way from New
York TO San Francisco.
Turkeys have to do a lot OF marching
on ther way 70 market They are raised
IN small IlOcks, in Widely-scattered
localities; and agents Of the packers
Ohaying contracted for them in adj
vance, buy them from the farmers as
sembling them in armies that often
over the country roads. frequently for
long distances, to the nearest con-
venient railroad station. They can
easily travel 10 miles day ION the
Sometimes they are driven aboard
the trains alive, and thus transported
IN other cases they are first delivered
at a packers factory in a town
where they are killed, scalded in tanks
OF hot water, plucked, and packed with /
crushed ice in barrels-tO be forwarded !
in this shape TO the big city where |
they are to find a market.
Again, in other cases. the farmers /
all over large section drive their own /
turkeys TO the town that is a turkey I
ouylng center. and there the flocks are !
converted into the 1resh-killed pro- \
duct 10 be forwarded to market BY j
rail Within recent years Kentucky :
has come to be a great turkey growing I
state, and the aforementioned town OF /
GLASGOW is an important place Of es-
semblage Tor the fowls Just before
one hears a great deal about the
turkeys Of Rhode Island: and those Of Z
Connecticut are likewise celebrated. .
But all the six states Of New England I
10 not together produce half as many
As does Pennsylvania
Is IL IN he understood. then. that ]
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20

3 posed as it has been through count
. less generations to dangers and
/ Vicissitudes, il represents the survival
I Of the fittest Even a small percent
I age OF wild blood increases the size
Z OF the domestic turkey, and alters
I strikingly its form and general ap-
! pearance-
This fact has been illustrated most
, strikingly by a large-scale expert
ment on an island Of 4000 acres, called
I Fishers Island, of the western tip OF
Rhode Island There. a few years ago,
[ a considerable flock OF ordinary tur-
3 pectation that most Of them would
perlSh-no provision whatever being
made for protecting them against the
fl5ors OF the winter climate They were
relocated in effect to wild conditions.
nothing being done for them except
TO furnish them with food.
A majority OF them did succumb: and
the same thing happened in the follow
( ins year But those that survived
were the fittest, and these became the
proSenltorS OF a stock that defies kill
lng- unless by a Ratchet. There are
now some thousands OF turkeys on
Fishers Island. which roost out OF
doors in cold weather. as well as in
summer Sometimes their heads actual
ly freeze under their wings; but they
snow no III effects; and so sturdy are
they that an experimental attempt to
lhoculale some OF them with the
dreaded turkey plague known as
The home OF these Fishers Island
turkeys is an artificial wilderness, in
which the birds roam unconscious OF
me 1act that they are even measur-
aolv domestlcated- Corn is supplied in
plenty, out Is so scattered about. and
sometimes even buried, that they are
obllged to scratch for it. The hens
make their nests in the open, and the
toms attain gigantic size Each
spring number Of wild gohblers.
trapped in Virginia. are brought 10
the island, 10 maintain the supply OF
forest blood.
Difficult Problem.
Farmers, generally speaking. regard
the turkey raising problem as difficult
The birds are delicate Of constitution
and hard 70 rear Most Of these
matched die one reason for the trou-
bic is too much in-breeding. Another
Is that the average turkey grower
sells his finest turkeys for market
and keeps the inferior ones for breed
ing This, OF course, is q fatal mis-
Wild blood should be introduced into
the flock from time 10 time This is
sometimes accomplished by Matching in
the farmyard the eggs OF wild turkeys
found in nests in the woods
Best Way TO Cook Them.
me Ideal way 20 cook a turkey is
before big wood fire This was the
method adopted in the old Colonial
days, the fireplace being eight feet
wide and four feet deep An oak log
slA 1eer Ions was placed at the back
and another log not much smaller was
laid across the iron dogs" The fire
place was then filled in with smaller
wood. When the wood was about one
third burned. the turkey was spitted
and hung before the fire. Beneath ir
was put a dripping-pan. and a boy
turned the spit. while the cook at
every other revolution basted the bird
", y ltn the drippnss from the pan. cur
| n2nksglVinS nowadays know no such
nrEeVS-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20

Pennsylvania is I hebanner state Of the
, Union for rurkeys2 BY no means. Texas
l STANDS first, with an output OF three
i quarters Of a million birds per annum.
I Missouri comes next, with half a mil
I lion Then follow Illinois and Iowa,
/ Pennsylvania is the banner state OF the
/ as key-producer.
! In early days the THANKSGIVING tur-
! key was raised on the home farm Il
I was eaten within "A hours after il was
killed But towns multiplied and grew
/ into cities; farms departed further and
further away from such centers OF
population, and turkeys for Thanks
| giving had to be packed in ice in order
that they might reach the consumer in
good condition, perhaps q week after
parting from life.
This was revolutionary. as a mode
Of marketing the birds. But today a
fortnight or even month may elapse
I before the turkey raised in Texas or
Oklahoma reaches its destined market
. on the Eastern seaboard. Even so. IL
IS properly 10 be regarded as a fresh
killed fowl. II has never known
cold-storage- Chilling in advance OF
packing, with crushed ice to keep il in
good condition en- route. renders prac-
ucable its delivery to the consumer IN
prime shape for the table.
Scientifically Killed
Much depends upon the manner II
which the birds are handled They are
kllied IN scientific way. and
thOroughly drained Of blood Care is
value FOR various commercial purpOses1
snail not be sOiled. II the feet are
dirty, they are scrubbed clean before
tranSTerriug the turkeys to the chilli
room A fowl thus treated preserves
Its freshness much longer. and. when
offered for sale on the retailers stall,
mas an appetizing appearance
Undoubtedly. the Rhode Island tur-
Key is the best 1t fetches the high
est price. having the finest quality and
flavor But only very well-to-do folks
can afford the luxury For Thanks
giving bird raised in that state one
must pay from s. to IS. the ordinary
cost per pound being So cents. And
even at that price one cannot be sure
the sO-called Rhode Island turkeys
come from Pennsylvania
Many OF the finest Rhode Island
turkeys are grown just across the
state line, in Connecticut But no great
number of these undeniabiy superior
turkeys find their way out Of New
England, or are p-ocurable e'scwhere, {
though some OF them are sold in New
Aork City. At least fOur-fifths Of them
are absorbed by the markets OF Bos- I
ton. Providence, and other cities in l
that section.
The fact is that the Rhode Island 4
turkey men have developed the turkey /
raising business on scientific lines. 1t /
has been said that they feed their birds /
On On proNender OF a superior kind. in
cluulng chesnutss sweet apples. and 4
even celery seed But there is not \
a word Of truth IN such statements.
The feed they use is cOrn-cOrnmeal
Tor the "poults." cracked corn for the
young turkeys. and whole corn for
the turkeys in process Of fattening for
market
Are Mixed With Wild Birds.
This, however is not the principal I
5ercet Of their success. The latter lies I
n the systematic introduction Of wild
turkey blood into their flocFs. The wild
turkey, as compared with the dOmesti-
'1ted breed. is a sUnerior animal Tx 8
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20

TONG Iarther north between the
equator and Rio de Janeiro we find the
black spots Of the republic. 1t is esti-
mated that So per cent of the people Of
these states Of Bahia and Pernambuco
have q sDrin=linE or negro blood IT.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20

The ordinary cost or a Want Ad IN
The Fl PasO Herald is % cents. Il
reaches an average OF about 100. 600
readers each fssre-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20

A dollar saveo Dy buying goods pro
duced elsewhere is a dollar thrown at
vour neiChhor'S birds
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20
Braz Where Slavery FOurished, Has No
Color Line Now; Negroes and Whites Mix

in Ahs an Isl Hmben
American Elevator
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20
Special Trains Garry Turkeys To Market;
Texas Leads Union In Turkey Production

b.
Rene Bache

and bu
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20

w WASHINGTON, D. C., Nov. 20
w All aboard for the turkey
speciaIrs
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20
Are MIXED Win wild Birds.

rms, however. Is not the principal
sercer or their success. The latter lies
In the systematic Introduction Of wild
turkey blood into their flOcFs. The wild
turkey, as compared with the dOmesti-
Gated breed. Is a SUPERIOR animal TX
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-11-20

Copyright. 1915. international News Service.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28
ALDRICH LEFT $50, 900, eco.
Former Senator's Will Filed for Pro
bate-An Goes to Family.

PROVIDENCE, May 2s.-The win
of Nelson w. Aldrich. former United
States Senator. was admitted to pro-
bate yesterday IN the probate court Of
Warwick, his home town While no
valuation was given, the estate is said
to be worth at least $30.000.000. with
an estimated annual income Of 81, SOC,
goo. The running expenses OF the es-
tate, together with the annual paw
ments provided by the viii, amount
to 1921 900 per annum.
The widow, Mrs. Abby Aldlich. ami
three children, Edward B. Aldrich Of
New York city, Lucy J.. Aldsich o.
Warwick, and Richard s Aldrich of
this city, were confirmed executors I'M
der the viii and become trustees of the
estate. they must file their acceptance
before June 81. The executors are re
quired to furnish bond of 100000.
While the widow and three children
become executors, the other four chill
dren become sureties on the bond. The
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28
T. r. HAS BROKEN RIB.
Slipped When Attempting to Mount
SaddIe Horse.

OYSTER Bay, /. T., May 2s.-Col.
Theodore Roosevelt IS nursing frae-
tured rib At Sycamore Hill, his home
here, broken on Monday when the Col
onel fell as he tried to mount horse.
According to friends, Colonel Roose-
welt is as well as he ever was, little
thing like fractured rib scarcely
bothering him at all, and Dr. George
Faller, his physician, said tonight that
the colonel was S.all right.
These who know him say that Col
onel Roosevelt feels more concern over
the way he acquired the INJURY than
over the damage done to himself. for
it is not usual for q former ranchuan
and hunter to he injured by we'll
broken saddle horse Nor in this case
was il apparently the fault Of tic
horse.
The Colonel had determined on a
ride last Monday afternoon and order
ed his favorite mount brought around
from the stables He walked down the
front steps and put his foot In til,
stirrup. He was about to throw rs
leg over the saddle when his foot sim
ped and he came down heavily on his
side.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28
DURANT AGAIN CAPTURED.
Crook Who Is Well Known Locally
Arrested at Barre, Mass.

Clifford Durant, who escaped from
Jail at Montpelier, on May {, was cap
tured Wednesday afternoon in Bare
Mass. and he will be taken back to
Montpelier. Durant had been sentenced
to serve two years at the house Of
correction at Rutland at the tinle d
his escape.
Durant has long criminal reeo.d
made mostly in New England, and
has served time at the house Of corree-
ton at Westmoreland, n. H., ard 3
number of other punitive institutions.
He escaped from Westmoreland before
his term expired. Several months ago
he was released from the Concord,
Mass, reformatory on parole. It is
said that he went to Keene and stole
a bicycle, which he sold to dealer.
He then left town and between Bel
lows Falls and Montpelier, it is said,
stole FIVE teams. He was arrested III
Montpelier and sentenced to two years
at the Rutland house of correction. II
was while he was waiting TO be taken
to Rutland that he made his escape IN
May T.
The first that was afterwards heard
of Dnrant was on May 10, when it
was reported that he had stolen q rig
in Sunapee which was later found in
Peterboro. May u he probably tool;
another rig in Harrisville, sold part
of it and left the horse in Gilsum. On
May Il, he is believed to have stole:
horse in Warwick, Mass, which was
later found in Warren, Conn, where il
is said he stole . pair of horses. tn.
rig was left near Athol, Mass. Since
his escape from Montpelier on May !
his pictures and description have beer
sent to officers in the East by the sher
if at Montpelier, and it was thsolg:
them that he was caught at Barre.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28
OFFICERS PREVENT
BIG DEMONSTRATION
Striking italians from Mortified Gave
UP Plan to Harass West
Berlin Workers.

MONTPELIER, May %. - Notwith
standing the fact that two striking
Italian granite workers have been held
in 81 900 bail to answer to charge of
intimidating fellow workmen about 80
men of that nationality came from
Mortified to West Berlin yesterday
evidently intending to make a demon
stration against Workmen in the Davis
Brothers granite plant when the en-.
ployes quit for the day.
Word was sent to the authorities
and squads Of police and deputy sher
ifs from Montpelier, Barre and North
field made a hurried trip to the scene
TO prevent trouble. The posse num-
bered about 50 men
Getting wind of the approach Of the
officers, the Italians started to march
back to Mortified but were overtaken
by the posse. The alleged leader Of
the strikers was given short lecture
as to what might happen if he
and his associates attempted TO inter
fere with the men employed at the Da-
Wis Brothers plant.
While conditions in Barre have
| quoted considerably the Italian, Span
!, ish, Austrian and Swiss element IN the
| Cutters union, which has refused to
| accept the wage bill of the manufac-
turers agreed upon by the union some
weeks ago, shows no inclination to
| return to work
| Over 800 deputy sheriffs and special
policemen have been sworn in since the
granite workers struck March ! and
Sheriff Frank II. Tracy of this city
has devoted large part Of his time
during the past two months to fol
lowing the situation III the granite
| belt
| The two men arrested TUESDAY o.
the charge Of intimidating workmeI
will be brought into court June s.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28
LAST sTUDEBAKER TO RETIRE.
At 50 Head of Big Corporation Will
Now Take & Vacation.

CHICAGO, May IS = John NJ
Studebaker, only survivor of the five
brothers who founded the Studebaker
Bros. Manufacturing company, now the
Studebaker corporation. will give up
active direction of the corporation 5
affairs in the immediate future. accord
ing to an announcement made yester-
day.
Mr. Studebaker is 50 years old.
Nearly every business day has found
him at his desk for many years Fred
eriek 5. Fish, president Of the com
pany, is scheduled to succeed Mr.,
Studebaker as chairman of the board
of the corporation AR Studebaker
viii retain practically his entire hold
ings in the corporation. lie is said to
be enjoying excellent health and anx-
ions to take q vacation.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28
BETHEL STRIKE SETTLED.
Employees Of woodbury. Granite Co.
Sign Agreement.

BETHEL, May '28. Differences ex-
listing nearly two monI.ls between tho
Woodbury. Granite company and its
employees were adjusted Wednesday af
ternoon by the signing Of a new wage
agreement for five years from April l.
An increase in wages Is quite gener-
al throughout the new agreement. OK
ing TO accumulation Of raw material
the sheds have been able to continue
operations, though with a reduced
number of workmen. Work has al
ready been resumed at The quarries
where contracts calling for Il 600 feet
of granite are held by the company
The bill of wages is said to be one
fourth Of a cent an hour under the new
Barre bill.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28
PICKING ON THE FoRDs AGAIN.
Plan to Raise s1,5oo,0oo From owners
for Lincoln Highway.

DENVER. May %. What is ex-
pected to develop into countrywide
campaign to raise $1,500,o00 for the
Lincoln highway improvements was
started here yesterday when G. E.
Newcomb, president of the Lincoln
Highway association in Colorado,
wrote to the headquarters in Detroit
urging that all Ford purchasers, who
will share III this year S factory re-
bate, pay s. of their $50 rebate into
the Lincoln highway fund.
Each one would get a full member
ship, but the funds raised would all 90
to the improving of the highway. An
effort will be made to interest Mr.
Ford in the scheme, and Ford
Auxiliary to the Lincoln Highway as.
ISOLATION - formed.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28
JAMAICA TIC SEND TROOPS.
Mother Country Accepts Islands Of
fer of Aid

KINGSTON, Jamaica, May IS. -
Jamaica 5 offer to send a contingent to
join the British forces has been ac-
cepted in a message received yesterday
from the war Office in London.
subscriptions have been received
from all parts of the island to pay
the cost Of the men S passage. Nc
limit is placed on the number Of men
acceptable to the war Office
There is great rejoicing throughout
the island that the offer has been ac
cepted.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28

LONDON, May est is announced
at Constantinople that the British bat
tleship Majestic was sunk early yes
terday morning off Seddul Bahr, which
lies at the southern point of the CALI
poll peninsula.
The Majestic, which was the Oldest
battleship on the active list of the
British navy is the sixth capital snip
lost by the allies since the beginning
of the operations against the Dardan-
elles, and the second which has fallen
a victim to German submarines which
recently arrived in those waters. The
torpedoing and sinking of the Males
tie is announced by the admiralty in
the following statement: " An enemy
submarine torpedoed and sank II. NJ.
S. Majestic, Capt. II. T. G. Talbot, this
morning while it was supporting the
army on the Gallipoh peninsula. Near
ly all the officers and men were
saved.
The battleship Majectic was yes
sci of $4,000 tons and Of 10000 horse
power capacity Her officers and
crew on peace footing aggregated
SIS. The Majestic, which was built in
1895, carried four 12-inch u six-inch
and Is three-inch guns and the II
three FOUNDER guns. In addition, the
vessel was armed with five IS inch
torpedo tubes.
The sinking of the Majestic makes
the fifth British battleship lost in the
Dardanelles campaign and the SECOND
bv hostile submarine, the Triumph
having been sent to the bottom in tht
gulf of Saros Wednesday. The Frenel
also have lost one battleship in the
Turkish eampaign-the Bouvet.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-05-28
POPE TO LEAVE ROME.
Madrid Hears Residence is Being Pre-
pared at Valencia.

MADRID, May notwithstanding
denials made by apparently responsi-
bic persons, the report persists that
Pope Benedict intends to leave the
Vatican and reside in Spain during the
war.
1t is stated that the Spanish eeclesi-
astics offered to the pontiff the sem
mary palace at Santiago de Compos-
tela, in Galicia, but the Vatican pre-
ferred Valencia, on the Mediterranean
coast, because of its proximity to Italy
The archbishop of Toledo is reported
to have gone to Valencia to make the
necessary preparations.