davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
U. S. MERCHANT MARINE
SHOWS Big INCREASE
1877 Vessels Of $500 Gross
Tons Are Added Since
July /.

wAsHiNGroN. Dec. 1s.-The utr-ecs-
Industry In tho United states IN the
past five months Is striklngly reflected
in the statistics covering this Heli made
public by the Secretary OF Commerce
to-day.
The ships building or under contra,
on July 1. 1915. and contracted To-
from that time up 20 December az
sregate 1851 gross tons, snc. Jup
1 the United States merchan, marin,
has bee Increased BY ~ vessels o.
53,so9 gross tons. bringing the agpr-
gate 10 26.sSS vessels of s.4iS.@5S tprs
OF ships building or under c|o'traU,
OIL July 1 n ordered between tina:
time and December ] thirteen Hr. 4
10000 tons or moro 90 from 1000 10
10000 tons, &c from 5000 To- 1000 ton,
and 10 from 1000 10 1000 tom ~
these 9s vessels 81 have been contracted
for since July /. some for fore gu ov
crs.
The Newport News Shlpbu!lding and
Drydock Company has contracted fr
the construction OF ~ vessels OF ia@. osl
tons. the New York S~hipbuild.ng CON
pany for % vessels OF 1.0.773 tors. -'i
the Union Iron Works (San Fri,c.s.yI
for IL vessels OF S1.l7i tons. and Cram,
d Sons for 10 vessels OF $500 Tors
Other shinTards are working fun bias,
The statistics show that white t,.r.
has been a decided falling on IN nun.
Der OF vessels being transferred from
Foreign to American registry tho s7!ps
for by domestic yarcs have
increased in number.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
NOW SELL
ON BUSINESS BASIS
Cooperative Marketing AssO.
Citations to Handle $780,
100000, Says U. s. Report.

WASHINGTON. Dec. Ie.-The advan-
tages OF cooperation in the sale OF farm
products are emphasized In tho annual
report Of the office OF markets and rural
organization of the Department Of AEri-
culture, Just published.
The conclusion seems warranted
says the report. that In communities
where cooperation is practically applied
to the farmers business. the results OBJ
tained are far more satisfactory than
those secured by individual Methods
II h that farmers coopera-
tive marketing and purchasing organi-
zatons Will transact this year Il total
business amounting to more than ST.
100000 900. Agricultural cooperation In
the United States is therefore far more
prevalent than Is generally believed. but
II is not yet on a sufficiently strons
business basis.
Fol this reason the office OF markets
has studied the various methods en-
ployed by these associations and has
worked to devise means by which these
methods can be perfected. The studies
also have included the prevailing
methods OF marketing ~perishable prod
ucts, cotton, grain. cottonsced. live stock
ANU animal pTOuuctS.
Studies have been also made OF city
markets in order To secure information
which may open up outlets for farm
products. In this connection the re-
port calls attention TO the experimental
work In distributing timely. market In
formation concerning perishable prod
ucts.
An effort has been made 20 keep pro-
ducers Informed of arrivals and condi-
tons IN the large markets and on the
other hand to keep dealers informed OF
shipments from the important production
sections. Strawberries. peaches, toma-
toes and ca~ntaloupes were the crops COW
cred in this way during the past season.
Diluted markets have been prevented
to some extent. total shipments have
been greater and large bodies of growers
have received accurate Information on
corning conditions in competing produce
ing areas and distant markets.
The work of encouraging the proper
preparation OF products for market has
been continued. Investigation into prob
lens OF transportation and storage has
been continued to determine the cause
OF the great loss of foodstuffs betwe.n
producer and consumer.
Experimental shipments by parcel
post and express were made during the
year with many kinds OF fruits and her-
ries. lettuce. milk. butter, eggs. syrup
and vegetables. In nearly every case II
was found that the success of the ship
ment depended on the Judgment used In
selecting the quality OF the product and
the type Of %container.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
LITTLE RELIEF IN TIEUP.
some shippers Now Begin to
Blame Railroads.

In spite Of a more or less complete
embargo on export freight by most Of
the trunk lines entering New York. tho
congestion OF goods which has choked
the railroad yards and the lighterage
facilities OF the port for the past two
months shows few signs OF relief. The
Pennsylvania Railroad announced on
Saturday It's embargo on all goods for
the New York district except fuel and
foodstuffs for necessary purposes" A
similar announcement from the Erie il
expected soon. It was said yesterday.
Additional complications have risen
from the storm conditions of last week.
Traffic men. lighterage concerns, and
export shippers. although they expect no
tieup OF necessities. see little progress
In solving the problem Of moving the
mass OF freight awaiting transshipment.
There are. in the first place, too few
ocean carriers to meet the demand
Then the lighterage concerns. which have
Increased their equipment In every pos
sible way. complain that their lighters
must be used inefecuvely because OF
lack Of system between the railroad and
the steamship companies. which some.
times holds a lighter with one consign-
ment Of goods two or three weeks be-
fore n transfer can be completed. The
railroad companies say they are greatly
handicapped by the lack OF lighterage
facilities. The exporters assert that
there Is general lack Of attention to de-
tail, which has at times forced ships
to leave the harbor without their full
capacity of freight because Of the In
ability Of some one. usually the rail.
roads, to get II there on time.
A committee appointed two weeks ago
by the Merchants Association. OF which
]. l.. Lincoln. traffic manager Of tho
association. Is chairman. Is inquiring
into this charge. This committee has
already filed an objection with the In.
terstate Commerce Commission against
the ruling Of the railroads to cut the
free storage period allowed on exports
in New York terminals from thirty to
fifteen days, Complaints Of the rail-
roads. said Mr.. Lincoln OF the commit
tee last night. that goods were shipped
here from the West when no provisions
for their expectation had been made
were exaggerated. Frank j.. Oliver. of
the Oliver Purchasing Company. also q
member = the committee. told Of In
, stances when goods we're held up q full
month In the railroad yards after ar
rangements for ships had been COM
pleted,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
MOTHER OF EXPLORER DIES.
DR.. Hovey, IcsbOund In Arctic,
Won't Know l'utiI Spring,

NEwBrRYroRT. Mass. Dec. ls.-M rs
Helena IAvinia HoNey, widow OF pr
Horace Carter Hovey and mother u
DR.. Edmund Otis Hovey, curator ~ re
American Museum Of Natural H.-tpr,
died IN Friday at her home here. l-s
Hovey was Sc years old.
Her son is at present in commaad o'
the Crocker land relief expedition. wa.,H
Is icebound In North Star Bay, OFF Green
Mnd. The expedition Went out n SCARF
OF Donald b. Macmillan and his band Of,
explorers.
DR.. Hovey will not get word ~ ns
mothers death until sprlrs.
The sad news will be sent by tie u'.
Gals of the American Museum Of Nt'u-t
History in care OF knud Rasmusse.. ta.
Danish explorer, who has Forwarded
nearly all OF the news received thus Sr
by the museum from Macmillan All %
Croker land expedition.
Rasmussen will forward ~, rows So
ship from Denmark TO Gree ',rI VIE
navigation opens and from there relay
IL by native cour!ers.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
STRICTER AUTO LAWS URGED.
Business Men Propose special city
Department to Have CHARGE.

A special automobile license system
Cor the city by means OF "A department
which small have power to revoke where
the license privilege has been grossly
abused is advocated by "A committee
appointed by the West End Association
lu a letter 10 THE sun. THE existing
state .iCeu.c liws as TO cars and drivers
are practically revenue measures and
the prov siyus for the revocation %
license ar" Inadequate to put "A stop TO
CA; "loss driving" tho letter says.
The tt"e urges that II city de-
l%rt'in"ni '" given power over the grant
ing Of operating licenses to owners aud
cl.auN"H's uiun personal application
and tItt tho power Of the Commissioner
&C l'llc" "v'r licenses aud r"vocatIous
he increased.
TIL" vourulttoo, which Is composed
of Warren g. tranr. \. Walker OTIS
an" Hi"""'i r Greene. asks for add.
uoi"' suggestions as to the best and
most comprehensive means Of handling
ne S.iuniI"u aud protecting life and
limb oa the city streets.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
HIT BY TRAIN; FOUR DEAD.
Two Others MORALLY Hurt In Pitts.
burg Accident.

PITTsBUR0, Dec l9.-|Struck by a
Pennsylvania Railroad freight train AZ a
grade crossing In West Apollo to-day
while riding In a jitney bus. George
Horne. a steel roller; Clifford McCon-
nell. a farmer: Robert Milliron. a mill
worker. and W. II. George. driver and
owner OF the bus, were killed.
Robert X. Trautman and Herbert
Horne. a son OF George Horne. received
injuries from which they will die, ac-
cordinG to physicians at the Allegheny
General Hospital
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
GREAT BRITAIN AGAIN DENIES SEIZURE
OF AMERICAN TRADE BY BLOCKADE

OF labor for other than wal industries :
these countries have therefore Increased
their imports from the nearest avail
able source. which Ii the United King
dom.
.. Among tho reexports from the
United Kingdom Of foreign and colonial
merchandise the following show an In
crease:
Rice. c%ocoanut oil. ~cottonseed oil. GIN
namon. ginger. cocoa, coffee. cotton.
nuts ana kernels. lamp oil. motor spirit.
l~ubricating oil, gas oil, fuel oil. tobacco.
rDsin and rubber.
OF these cotton and cocoa have been
discussed above. Tho following figures
from the summary of foreign commerce
Of the United States Department Of
Commerce for July show the exports
Of these articles from the United States I:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
20.os5.s5s
ts4.226.96S
TO GER

tember 4. 1914. 2o.os5. SIS
Difference. SsL:2s.9es
EXPORTS FROM NEW YORK TO GER
August 4. 1913. TO September Z.
WV 800. Syv,'-v'lss
August 1. 1914. to September 4.
1910 s....s o'oVs'Vos
Difference .3S&.sls.0s1
Now II the customs returns Of Nor
way. Sweden and Denmark show that
imports from the United States have de-
creased since the war. while the official
returns of tho United States Department
OF Commerce show on the other hand
that they have enormously Increased. 1t
seems legitimate. In the absence OF n
other explanation. 10 assume that the
United States figures represent tho
amount OF goods shipped from the
United States to the Scandinavian coun-
tries and that the customs figures OF the
scandinavian countries represent that
proportion Of the goods exported from
the United States which paid duty and
countries, while the considerable differ
ence represents the amount of goods
exported from the United States which.
on arrival In the ia countries,
were reshipped largely to Germany.
Tho fact that the increase In ship
ments from New York to Norway. Sws-
den and Denmark during the first thir-
teen months Of the war exactly balances
the decrease In shipments to Germany
during the am period is extremely Gig.
nificant.
IA. The figures quoted above from the
official reports of the Department of
Commerce conclusively prove that the
export trade Of the United States has
not suffered from the Inevitable r~estric-
tons on neutral commerce deriving from
the state of war, and that there is no
vestlge of foundation for the !nsinuation
that Great Britain has taken advantage
Of war conditions and of. the measures
necessitated by military considerations
In order TO increase British exports to
neutral countries at the expense OF
American trade.
BRITISH EMBASSY. Washington.
December -, 1915.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
TAKES CHARGE AS RABBI.
DR.. Fischman Installed n Temple
Israel, Far Rockaway,

Dr. Stephen :. Wise yesterday after.
noon Installed DR.. David Frschman a.
rabbi OF Temple Israel on Roanoke ave-
nue.. Far Rockaway.
Every seat was occupied during the
ceremony, A choir Of $50 children fur
nished music. In his address DIR. Wise
appealed to tho congregation to support
the rabbi so that he may make a sue
cess OF his charge. DR., Fischman was
associated with DR.. Wise in religious
work for years.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20

g. After stating that many classes of
goods, tho expectation of which from
the United States Is attended with diffi-
culties and hazards. are going forward
freely from the United Kingdom. Mr..
Skinner's report continues:
Exports OF raw cocoa. for example,
are reported in the following guam
titles:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20

Special Cable Despatch 20 THF srs,
HAVANA. Dec. l9.-Thc Xayista In
erals In the National Assembly hay-
nominated Alfredo Zayas for the Pres
dency.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
Increases Over I.ast Yea

1t Is seem. therefore. that United States
exports OF all these articles. with the
exception OK ginger. nuts. crude oil, gaso-
lene. illuminating oil, raw tobacco and
rosin. show an Increase over last year
during the month of July. or these
nuts and ginger are of little Importance,
and while exports Of both in the month
OF July show a decrease. for the seven
months ending July they show an In
crease OF over one-third.
10. With regar to oil products, the
disparity between the quantities ex-
ported from the United States and the
United Kingdom is so great as To pre-
clude any possibility Of competition In
neutral markets between British re-
exports and United States exports.
ii. British reexports Of rosin In
creased from 1895 hundredwe!gh. in
July. 1914. to 6o.2ls hundredweight in
July. 1915 1.-THE amounts exported 10 d.f-
ferent countries are not given in Consul
General SINNERS report). while United
states exports Of rosin In the same
month fell from 22s.7l4 barrels in 1914
to 93.sSl barrels in 1915 equals from
o1l.Is5 TO 234.s1s hundredweight). Now
OF the total United States exports in
July. 1914. 1850 barrels equals 3D.
500 weight). or moro than halt,
went TO Belgium and Germany, to which
countries there were no direct exports
In July Of this year. rosln being absolute
contraband.
some Trade Lost. but Other Won.
On the other hand. United States en-
ports TO "Other Europe" 4. e., Europe
exclusive OF Austria-Iiungary, Belgium,
Germany. Italy. Holland. Russia and the
United Kingdom, rose from 1885 barrels
In 1nlV 1914 10 1n Art ,, Vn1..
1915 from 33S to 26,O3S hundred
weight. SO that II the United states
trade with Germany. Austria-Iiungary
Belgium has been lost this year, on
the other hand the trade with France.
Spain and the smaller neutral countries
OF Europe has increased. II can there
fore hardly be suggested that British
exports or rosin are ~supp'anting those of
the United States IA tAc neutral Euro
pean markets.
United States exports Of rosin to
"Other Europe alone il July were
nearly half the total British reexports
OF rosin TO all destinations in the same
month. Moreover. It must he remem-
bered that rosin is an element Of pri-
mary Importance In the manufacture Of
munitions Of war and consequent large
quantities WHICH were previously avail
able FOR export are now required In the
United States.
IL. British reexports of raw tobacco
increased in July from 35l.s0s pounds
In 1914 TO 6,064.sos pounds IN 1916 (;
United States exports of raw tobacco In
July decreased from 43.5S9.4i5 pounds
In 1914 to 39.577,367 pounds In 1915.
The increase In British is
largely due to the diversion from Con-
tinental TO British ports Of tobacco
grown In the British DomInions. United
states exports for the seven months end
ing July were 2l2, 900, 900 pounds this
year. a. opposed to $4,000. 900 last yesr
"A loss Of only 10000 900 pounds N
quantity and In value s39o. OoO-showing
that gains in other directions have made
up for the loss OF trade with Germany,
which In h month OF July. 1914, alone
can tobacco.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20

tfrom Great Britain) were 7,039,0 e7
pounds. against i.2s3.5s5 pounds in
July. 1914.
Figures published by the United
states Department Of Commerce show
that for July, 1915. the total exports
from the United States were l,7Sb,lS3
pounds. against 25l.5%s pounds in July.
1914.
That Ia. during tho month OF July,
1915. British exports were about six
times as great az las year. while United
States exports were about seven times
as great q last
Finally. for the fiscal years ending
juno 80, the total United States ex.
ports Of raw COCOA have increased from
%.577.s22 pounds In 1914 to 2~S.s7s,053
pounds In 1916.
So that In spite Of the great DIM
cultes and hazards" quoted On the re-
port, the United States trade in raw
cocoa has increased sevenfold In the
last year.
: 8. Leaving tho figures OF British ex.
ports OF raw. COCOA Mr.. Skirner, still
presumably developing the theory that
British trade has bepehted at the OK
pense OF American trade. continues as
follows:
Growth OF Cotton Exports.
Exports Of cotton. as reported under
the cotton statistics act Of 1855, were
as Follows up TO August 6:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20

10. Finally. the articles in the press
which quote the report I'm nearly all
cases contain h following sentence.
which, however. does not appear In the
report as reproduced In Commerce Re-
port No. 203:
The customs returns OF Sweden.
Norway. Denmark and the Netherlands
all show a smaller volume Of imports
from America since the war than be-
fore, Notwithstanding the British plea
that they have swollen their imports
to aid the Teutons.
On the other hand the figures OF the
United States Department of Commerce,
showing the exports from the United
States TO these countries during the
twelve months ended June 80, do sup
port tho British plea" In a remarkable
manner. They are as follows (see
Monthly Summary OF Foreign Commerce
OF the United States for June, 1915. page
l05o)
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
Totals .6?s.:sI s,s1l.siI s2i.525 sessions

1t is to be presumed that these figures
are quoted in support Of the theory that
British trade In certain articles Is In.
creasing at the expense OF American
trade and hat cocoa IL selected as an
especially favorable Illustration. But
figures procured from the United States
Department Of Commerce how that
while the total British exports Of raw
cocoa to Norway, Sweden. Denmark and
the Netherlands increased from b2S,26l
pounds in March. 1914. to ~3.9<4.91<
pounds In March, 1915. and from 321.-
525 pounds IN April. 1914. to 3.s97.s13
pounds In April. 1918. the United States
exported no raw cocoa to any of these
countries In March or April. 1914, while
In March. 1915. 2,55s,7S7 pounds were
exported TO Sweden, Denmark and the
Netherlands and In April. 1915. 1885,
$50 pounds were exported TO Sweden
and Denmark.
The following figures show thess ex-
ports in detail
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
Totals. None s.b5s,7s7 None s.ass.s so
U. 8. Exports of Raw Cocoa.

Totals. -. None s.b6s,7s7 None ..sss.sso
U. 8. Exports Of Raw Cocoa.
The total amount of raw cocoa ex-
ported from the United States to all
during these W months OF
1914 and 1915 was as follows:
March. April.
1914. 1917. 1914. 1918,
Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs.
sse,2S7 c.S6i.s $50 tsa.SSs I.oI5,Sss
and during tho nine months ended
March 81. for N two years:
NINE MONTHS ENDING MARCH.
1914. 1915.
s,563.oeb lbs. e:,77o,? 2s lbs.
After quoting tho British exports OF
cocoa to Scandinavia and the Neither.
lands in March and April, 1914 and 1915,
the report continues
For July. 1915. the total Exports
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20
lncre..e OF U. s. Wool E.ports.

The total exports OF wool and WOOL
len goods from the United States have
therefore increased to 4 considerable
extent. while total Britain exports have
declined. American exports to Norway,
Sweden. Denmark and the Netherlands
are not separately given by tho De-
partment Of Commences and cannot
therefore be compared with British ex.
ports to these countries.
Any Increase In British exports Of
cotton n woollen goods to these coun-
tries and to the Allies Of Great Britain
IN largely due to the fact that the
French INC Belgian textile industry dis
the output Of the German industry It,
sell - considerably custatlsd BY the lack
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20

. Exports Of cotton. as reported under
ne cotton statistics act Of 1866. were
as follows up to August 6:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-20

EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES
FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-11-25

lost upon the republican leaders, not
even upon such men as Senator Pen
rose, for first OF all every man of re-
publican antscedents is anxious for re-
publican return. partly from force OF
ha bit, the office holding habit. ana
partly from a growing feeling of an
tagonism TO the president. an antag-
onls-n not personal nor political but
horn primarily of distrust of his sta
oility and aims.
In this situation. with several avail
able men from the middle we-t to
choose from. what would seem more
sure that long before the convention
is met. the leaders will have adjusted
themselves to the available and gotten
their speeches ready for the motion TO
make IL unanimous?
And what in this situation would
seer, more probable than that Senator
Cumnlins. who is clearly in better po-
sition 10 bring men of all shades OF
republican opinion 10 enter the con-
yention with more concerted strengths
than any candidate who will be avail
able should be the man 20 be chosen
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-11-25
COST OF CHOCOLATE RISES.
Large Consumption Among Europss
Armies Cause.

Armies Cause.
Because Tommy Atkins has sweet
tooth, and Jean Francois sweeter, the
cost of chocolate to the more pacific
part of the civilized world has gone
Skying.
in Ivan Moujik's knapsack there Is
a chocolate bar. In the portable pantry
of Hans, the Teuton- there is its double
Every soldier. be he of the one set OF
allies or the other. eats products of the
cocoa tree. That is because his very
scientific superiors in the commissary
department have found that mucn food
value exists in the compact form of
chocolate.
Also, there is sonnet hing to be said in
favor OF giving an occasional luxury.
or that which seems to be a luxury. to
the gentleman in Khaki or field gray,
so tina. he may find the business of
sheathing his bayonet in the body of
gentleman in field gray or khaki the
less Sordid.
Sioux City chocolate buyers. mostly
makers of candy. say that orders given
now TO producers of the tropical bean
must be given at a price double that
" hich prevailed before the war began.
Up to the present the pubic has net
suffered in the United States. for the
reason that chocolate supplies still are
being obtained under contracts made
when the price was down.
1t is thought likely that this condi-