davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

The number Of lambs received py
the large markets greatly exceeds the
number of sheep Before the Yves.
turned to mutton production the re-
verse was true, but now 1t Is est1-
mated that lambs constitute eighty per
cent of the total receipts OF the chi
cago market, and doubtless the same
Is true Of the other large markets
Not only has there been 3 change
In the relative numbers OF sheep ana
lambs marketed, but there has also
been a change in the distribution OF
the lambs through the different sea-
sons. Formerly, when the supply was
drawn almost exclusively from native
1ocks, they were on the market IN
appreciable numbers during the sum
mer and early autumn months only,
but now they are received every week In
the year. AS the large numbers received
would indicate, lambs are preferred
by tho consumer, and this even dis
tribution Of them throughout the year
has doubtless greatly stimulated con-
sumption.
A great deal Of interest attaches to
the relative merits of western and
native sheep and lambs for slaughter
ing purposes. Buyers for the packers
or meat trade state that the best ma
tive lamb Is better than the best west
ern, and the particulars in which 1t
excels are the flavor. color and jufciness
Of its meat. The same is true OF
sheep although in lesser degree. The
best native lamb Is better than the
best western lamb because 1t is better
in breeding and 1t Is usually better
fed. The western lamb is forced to
take a great deal of exercise over the
range in its search for food, and this
is perhaps one Of the reasons why its
flesh Is darker in color and less juicy
than that of the native lamb of prime
finish that has usually been confined
to small pastures.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
MARKET SHEEP AND THE WAY TO SHIP THEM

statement that the best native out
classes the best western, IT suggests
that the producers Of natives are
either handicapped by difficulties
which they cannot control or are open
to criticism in their methods.
In shipping sheep or lambs to mar
them 50 they will appear to best ad-
vantage at the time of sale. The car
in which they a5e shipped should be
we'll bedded with. dry STRAW or some
other material which is its equivalent
for keeping the animals clean. 1t Is
not necessary to give each sheep or
lamb in the car more space than
enough to stand comfortably. but
overcrowding should be avoided. In
hot weather especially, overcrowding
results in losses. At this time losses
are likely to result from mixing lambs
in with older sheep, because the
lambs often SURROGATE from being
crowded in between animals larger
than themselves.
At the time Of shipment the fieeces
Of sheep or lambs should be dry. If
they are wet it Is difficult to keep them
car be well bedded. If they are very
wet when they reach the market
buyers do not like to bid on them.
and If they do they attempt to allow
for the moisture in the wool by Offer
ing less for them than II they were
dry.
II, at the time Of shipment, some
Of the sheep or lambs are foul behind
from dung being lodged In the wool,
it's is we'll to clip this soiled wool off
before they are loaded. This should
be done because the close crowding IN
the car causes the sheep that are
foul to soil the sides Of those that
are clean. There are also other rea-
sons for clipping away this soiled wool.
It detracts from the appearance OF
the animals and from their value when
considerable in amount.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

should not be less than IA inches
square in size, particularly for the
larger breeds Of birds.
No attempt is made here to go into
the scientific considerations Of poultry
houses used by fanciers or very large
poultry breeders, but the information
given is intended for the benefit OF
the small flock raiser, the farmer or
suburban dweller.
The ground plan Of the poultry
house shown here Is IL feet by 80
feet, and is divided into parts each IL
feet by 10 feet.
The compartment on the right Is
used as winter roosting and laying
place.
The center as a scratching shed IN
winter and q shelter from rain and
sun during the summer.
The room at the left Is used during
the winter as place Of exercise and
', in which to feed mashes and to water
the fowls. This room also contains
dust boxes and where the feed Is
stored.
A. A, A, in the dotted squares rep
resent the windows or their location
in the front of the house. B. B. Is
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
Water Used by Crops

Drouth resistance In crops does not
seem to be 20 much matter of using
q small amount Of water as Of ability
to go after water in the soil or to wait
until moisture comes. This conclusion
may be drawn from Investigations be-
ing made by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture In Colorado, to de-
termine the water requirements OF
different kinds of plants.
Alfalfa Is generally considered
very drouth- resistant crop: when once
started it can Withstand almost any
degree Of drouth for long periods. But
to produce the same quantity of dry
matter alfalfa requires more than
twice as much water as does corn.
for each pound Of dry matter it pro-
duces. On the other hand. corn,
which Is not considered very drouth-
resistant, requires only 38s pounds OF
water to produce pound Of dry mat
ter.
All of the leguminous crops, 1nclud-
Ing peas. beans, vetches. alfalfa, sweet
clover and other clovers, require large
amounts Of water in proportion to the
dry matter they produce. Some of the
most common weeds, such as tumble
weeds, purslane and Russian thistles.
require very small amount Of water
In proportion to dry matter. The cereal
-rops come between the legumes and
the weeds named. Wheat uses 513
pounds Of water for each pound Of dry
matter, and oats uses 597 pounds. Buff
falo grass is one of the most economi-
cal Of all plants in it's use Of water; 1t
requires only 308 pounds Of water to
produce pound of dry matter.
In the Colorado experiments it was
necessary to protect the plants from
birds, winds and hail storms by means
OF wire covered enclosures. The
screen reduced solar radiation to about
eighty per cent Of the normal. Under
the conditions Of the experiment the
average amount of water required to
produce one pound Of dry matter with
each kind of plants was as follows:
Millet, SO pounds; sorghum, 1922
pounds; corn, 36S pounds; wheat, 513
pounds; barley. 534 pounds; buck
wheat, 57S pounds; oats, SGT pounds;
rye. 6S5 pounds; flax sos pounds; soy
beans, 744 pounds; sweet clover, ITO
pounds; vetches, 1914 pounds; clovers,
707 pounds, and alfalfa 831 pounds.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
GRAN ARles
ri 20

sired and the scale makes It possible
to know the exact amount of grain
handled.
This is also help to the farmer
selling stock, for by using 4 gates
hooked together he readily has stock
scales.
The floor OF the granary should be
concrete with thin coat of cement,
also a low wall Of the same and then
plank frame above.
Anyone desiring to make 1t handler
about loading a wagon can do SO by
raising the floor up to about feet
and this provides good feeding pens
for hogs or sheep or even small calves.
The cost of construction is about
$2OO.OO.-J. G. Shaver.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

branch Of the tree to another, habit
Of this insect, 1t is exposed to the at
tacks of birds
Many girdled branches in full leaf
are broken of by storms. Nearly all
Of these contain the caterpillar which
has done the girdling. and the branch
soon willis and dies. Though most OF
the larvae desert the branch within
two or three days after it falls, insects
in shrunken and dying condition have
been found in the branches, showing
that they cannot sustain life on the
dead wood. It Is also evident that
very few of those which leave the
branch are able to again find and
climb q large tree.
The newly Matched larvae are great
climbers. A number were placed at
the base Of fresh lilac bush and soon
commenced to climb. On reaching
the twigs, they were at once taken off.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
A GOOD TURKEY DIET.

Give q little raw meat every day:
also finely chopped onions or other
tender green food.
Keep plenty Of grit within their
reach. 49,
Mashed potatoes, cooked turnips,
and cold rice will always be in or
der.
Too much hard-boiled eggs will
cause bowel disease.
Remove the coop to fresh ground
often in order to avoid filth.
Fine gravel, ground shells and q
dust bath must be provided.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
CLEAN Eggs.

The poultry man finds at times thai
he can not wash every stain from hi
basket Of eggs with water but by rublI
bling the stains with homemade cid,k
vinegar every trace Of the blemish " FL
be removed and leave the eggD 3,
and shining. He should alwayA h
careful that his eggs are clean Mhen
he takes them to market. If he does
not receive a higher price for clean
eggs than for dirty ones, he certain
ought to.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

row.
moisture. Dead branches may be seen
In numbers, standing above the leafy
masses in the tree tops. Each storm
brings down many branches, and II
the broken ends are examined, one
will notice that just underneath the
bark tho branch has been girdled.
THIS Il the work Of an insect that has
only recently reached this country.
bat which has already proved itself
very serious insect enemy OF shade
tress-the leopard moth.
Since the larvae bores largely In the
papwood and cambrium. the damage
Zone BY It Is unusually severe, the work
Of one insect often being sufficient to
KIN q small tree. Remaining in the
wood during the greater part Of its
ME, Il - rarely seen by the casual OBJ
server. and for the same reason no
general and convenient methods Of
controlling It arc available. as in the
case Of insects which eat the foliage.
1t doDe not confine itself to elms. but
y very general feeder, being found
% some extent on nearly all decidu-
Gus troes and larger shrubs. It also
attacks tho cherry, apple, pear and
plum trees IN England, and has been
known to kill young walnut trees.
The adult moths appear during a
period extending from May to Sep
1ambeF. The male 10 much the small
Or, and dies with ease, being attract.
"a by tho electric Lights. The female
dies very little. prefering IL possible
to lay eggs on the same tree where
she emerged from the pupa. For Thu
reason, high trees, isolated, and on
hundred feet or more away from 9th
err injured by the leopard moth. ma!
remain uninfested for years. whil'
continuous rows Of trees with branch
- touching are soon infested through
out.
The eggs are inserted in crevices 1,
the bark, or beneath plates Of bark
ono to several in place, usually II
the higher branches Of the tree. The!
may also be laid on the trunks O.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
wEEvILs IN BEANS.

H. F. McManus. Iowa, says that
where the beans are kept at a tenn
perature Of SO degrees the eggs will
not hatch. or where they are kept at
80 degrees they will be killed. Kept
at a temperature Of about rs degrees,
he says, his beans are buggy, but
not where they are kept at SO degrees
or at above 80 degrees.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

Many Of tho magnificent elms that
nave stood as landmarks on the
streets in New England cities for over
n century are dying with little out
ward apparent cause. And not only
ara the veterans being destroyed, but
trees of all ages suffer where appar-
entity receiving sufficient food and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

The opening for the sheep raiser
is very wide. Sheep are very scarce.
They are good property on the farm
and pay well year In and year out.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
NEVER BREED FROM DISEASED
BIRDS.

No fowl should ever be used In the
breeding pen that at one time In its
life had a contagious disease. But no
harm can come from using birds that
had been afflicted with slight colds or
frozen combs.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
Convenient Barrel
!, ;. Handles

Use two old shovel handles. cutting
them to proper length. Fasten these
on opposite sides, fastening each very
securely with screws. This is a handy
way to- move a barrel. If a top to
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
HOUSING THE FOWLS IN ALL SEASONS
Poultry Buildings and Stone lin Fact They Seldom Are
Be Utilized For Fowls But
Thev tBeWe They Must Be Kept Clean

X, the dust box.
L, the drinking fountain.
M, M. M. the floor which should bs
of sand and gravel.
N. the dropping board in winter
roosting department
A house OF these Dimensions should
be nine feet in front and seven feee
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

II grasshoppers attack garden and
orchard plants use bordeaux when IN
scots appear. They do not like 1t.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

To fruit growing, bees are practically
essential, because of the aid they give
in pollination. This Is the case par
ticularly with the apple.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
MOSQUITO REPELLANT.

OIL OF citronella, ounce, spirits
of camphor, 1 ounce; oil OF cedar, Il
ounce. Apply early and often.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

IelBM poo ulIM sIesseA NIIu esuId
before scalding with boiling water, as
the milk will not adhere so closely to
the vessels.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26
Granary and Scale
House

A convenient granary Is 32x32x14
feet to the caves. BY using a sling
carrier it is very easy to raise a wagon
bed of loose grain and turn it around
and dump it in any bin or crib de-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

The Leghorns. Minorcas, Black
Spanish, Anconas and Houdans are
white egg layers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

the barrel Is desired. fasten a large
thread spool in the center with
SCI ew. Any barrel containing water
or other liquid should be kept COW
cred, as mosquitoes breed in water.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

A hen house without a. south win
dow is mistake, and will not give
results.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

Salt is cheap. Give the cows all thew
care for.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-08-26

Never breed from immature stock.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-05-07
ITALIANS UNVEIL
SHAFT TO GARIBALDI
fatriotic Speeches at Genoa Arouse
Vast Crowds to Wild Pitch of
Enthusiasm.

Genoa, litaly, via Paris, May S.
The departure of Garibaldi and his
thousand of Red Shirts" in Nav,
1850 on the expedition which result
ed in Italy's acquisition Of Sicily.
was celebrated at Quarto SAINT Elena
near here, with a great patriotic
demonstration today. The political
feature of the celebration was the
dedication of a monument to Carl
baldi.
vast crowds gathered in the little
town They greeted with wild en-
thusiasm detachment of veterans
OF the Garibaldi expedition.
Every province of Italy was repre-
sented although King Victor En-
manuel and his cabinet who had ey-
pected to attend were prevented froul
coming by the seriousness of the no.
tical situation.
The Garibaldi veterans headed n
'ong parade through the town. AS
re veterans reached the Esplande
m the Plea Umberto, massed choirs
sang the hymn of Garibaldi.
After an address by the mayor of
Genoa the monument was unveiled
amid the crashing of bands. the thun-
der of cannon and the clamors of the
vast assembiage. Then Gabrielle
Annunzio stepped to the foot of
the monument. He previously had
declared: Il will not gaze on Italv
again until she awakens from her
slumber," and his presence at the
ceremonies was considered as of
grave portent, and his speech was
eagerly awaited
dAnnunpio glorified the new
union of Italy and the deeds of Carl
baldi, referring touchingly to Carl
b2ldfs two grandsons killed in the
Argonne. The spirit of sacrifice, he
said, had entered tine soul OF the ma
tion; it was born again. In the cere-
inony, in which they were taking
part, he saw the supreme sign; he
saw Garibaldi who would cry tomor.
row: Give all you possess; give il
to radiant Italy,"
Blessed are those pure of heart
who shall bring back victory they
shall witness the triumphant beauty
of Italy," he said in his peroration.
which was frequently and enthusias-
tically applauded by the multitude,
and the conclusion at which brought
all to their feet waving handker-
chiefs and tossing hats in the air,
while the Garibaldian survivors en-
braced each other
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-05-07
NEGOTIATIONS AGAIN
!. TAKE CRITICAL TURN
Rome, Vienna and Berlin Ad-
vices Indicate Another Crisis.
WAR is NOT UNLIKELY.
Austria Realizes the Necessity of
Making Substantial Territorial
Concessions.

An Associated Press dispatch last
night says Rome, Vienna and Berlin
advices indicate another crisis in the
negotiations between Italy and Aus
tria. In Rome there has been n
sudden revival of hope for a peace
ful settlement. Austria is said in
Rome dispatches to have realized the
necessity of making substantial terri
torial concessions.
Vienna regards as significant a
visit of the italian ambassador to the
Austro-Hungarian foreign minister,
although the outcome was not dis
closed Berlin newspapers say
ttaly's participation in the war must
be regarded as not likely.
Reports of consistent progress by
the allies at the Dardanelles were
contradicted in an official Turkish
statement today. 1t was said the
troops landed on Gallipoli peninsula
were in precarious position, being
encircled by Turkish forces and un-
able to advance. The statement said
only two points on the peninsula
Seddul Bahr and Avl Burnu-were
held by the allies.
French and British dispatches say
Turkish attack on the encampment
at Krithia failed and the Turks left
1900 dead behind after their re-
pulse. One British correspondent
says the tip Of the peninsula and the
entire western side are under con-
troll Of the allies.
Petrograd declares the Russian
victory over the Turks in the Cauca-
sus, announced yesterday, was i'm
portant and decisive.
A force of 10000 Turks which at
tackled in the Dilman-Khorl region
is said to have been repulsed with
heavy losses and in disorder.
Another neutral steamer and two
more British vessels have been sunk
The Danish vessel Cathay was blown
up in the North Sea, but her passen-
gers and crew, numbering 43, es-
capped. The British victims were a
schooner and a trawler.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-05-07
Peking Remains Quiet.

Peking, May 5.-The Chinese can
ital is remarkably quiet in the face
of what the Peking Gazette calls "the
gravest peril in China's modern his
tory Most of the people of the city
are going about their business as
usual apparently with no knowledge
of the problem which confronts their
country.
A Japanese cruiser and four tor
pedo boat destroyers have arrived at
Chin Wing Tao, on the gulf of Lao
Tung, about $50 miles east of Pek-
ing, evidently for the purpose of re-
moving from China the members of
the Japanese legation.
Consular representatives from all
parts of the country announce the
departure of Japanese, or the con-
centretion at Japanese consulates.
There is a substantial opinion in
Peking that Japan may take action
in regard to the non-acceptance of
her demands by China without wait
ing upon the issuance of an ultima
tum.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-05-07
FIERCE FIGHTING
IN DARDANELLES
Two Villages Practically DESTROYED
by Bombardment and Even Gal
lipoli Set on Fire.

Constantinople, May 4, via Lon
don, May 5.-Despite the Turkish
governments decision to refuse all
correspondents access to the Dar-
danelles region, exception was made
in the case of two Germans and the
Associated Press correspondent. The
party arrived on the night of May | >,
while the town of Dardanelles, after
30 hours, was still ablaze. Crumpled
walls and houses met their view.
Maidos also was burned, and yes
terday the town of Gaillipolis was set
ablaze-all by indirect fire from the
Gulf of Saros with ignition shells di-
rected by captive balloons and aero
planes.
lncessant and heavy fighting on
the Gaillipoli peninsula has continu-
ed from the first landing of the allied
forces, but details of the new cam
paign can not be told for military
reasons. The straits themselves, so
far as known, have not been serious
ly attacked since the reopening of
the operations, but yesterday seven
ships were seen and heard off Seddul
Bahr, firing intermittently.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-05-07
BattleShipS Take on SuppIies.


Toxic, May deliberations over
the situation Japan and China con-
tinue. The Emperor will preside to-
morrow at cabinet council.
No official announcement WAS
Forthcoming today concerning the
situation. big fleet of warships is
taking on supplies at Sasebo; Janan-
ese in the province of Shantung are
concentrating at Using Tao and those
in Manchuria ere preparing to take
refuge in the railway zone.
The Kokumin today says it learns
from an authoritative source that
the United States is endeavoring to
mediate between Japan and China.
and that this is one reason why the
cabinet deliberations have been pro-
tracted.
The official Gazette today publish
ed an imperial ordinance sanctioning
the application of martial law and
military requisition law on the
kwang-Tung peninsula and the
South Manchuria railroad.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-05-07
RAILROAD DEMANDS
THE "OPEN SHOP"
Pennsylvania Opposed to Unions with
Affiliations Which Might Cause
sympathetic Strikes.

Washington, May 5.-The Penn
sylvania Railroad Company, answer
ing charges of -unfairness to organ
lied labor before the federal indus
trial relations commission, today de-
clared through it's vice president, w.
w. Atterbury, that it did not oppose
organization Of it's employees, but did
insist on the "open shop" principle
and opposed unions with Affiliations
which might bring on sympathetic
strikes.
1--WE would welcome closer rela-
tions with our employees" said Mr..
Atterbury, 'if it could be brought
about under proper auspices. We
would more than welcome an organ
ization of all Pennsylvania Railroad
employees among themselves without
entangling outside alliances"
The objection of the Pennsylvania
to the Order of Railroad Telegra-
pliers, which complained to the com
mission against the company, the
witness said, was that it would make
the men responsible to the president
of the union and not to the proper
railroad officials.
Mr.. Atterbury championed media
ton as the best means Of settling
labor disputes. He asserted he
would be very much surprised ever
again to see big railroad strike in
this country.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1915-05-07
SLAVS TRY IN VAIN
TO CHECK RETREAT
Russian Prisoners Declare Battle
Has Been More Terrible Than
Previous Ones.

Berlin, via London, May 5.-The
correspondent of the Zeitung Am
Mittag telegraphs that the situation
of the Russians in Galicia is growing
worse hourly, as line after line OF
German and Austrian troops push
forward. He says that the Russians
are endeavoring vainly to bring up
reinforcements and halt the panicky
retreat of their columns.
The heavy artillery has made the
huge battlefield horrible sight, tear
ing up the ground, demolishing posi-
tions of the Russians and scattering
their supplies.
The list of Russian dead, accord
ng to this correspondent, is very
large, while German losses are insig-
nificant. Long lines of prisoners are
leaving constantly on trains for the
interior, as also are the German
wounded. Russian prisoners are
credited with the unanimous state
ment that the battle was more terri
ole than any they had experienced
previously.