davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

the north, thinking TO take the pursu-
ing Russians in flank with the south
ern section. But the Austrians were
too slow to carry out ths field mar
shals plans and the Russians. slip
ping into a gap in the lines between
the Germans and their allies, slaugh-
tered the latter. The result was the
high tide of Russian invasion. The
Austrians withdrew over the Carpa.
thians again, leaving Przemysl to be
besieged a second time. The Ger
mans withdrew to Silesia and the Rus
slams. following closely. were able
for brief moment to raid this rich
province at Pleschen. At the same
time they entered East Prussia
akSin.
But again the German strategic
railways proved their undoing. Hin
denburg concentrated at Thorn and
drove into the right flank OF the Rus
sian main forces. throwing them back
on Lodz.
He advanced too far, however, and
when he had the Russian forces near
ly surrounded. he suddenly found Rus.
SLAMS In his own rear. In this ex
tremity, the Russians say. he tele-
graphed for re-enforcements.
But before the re-enforcements
sent from Flanders arrived the Ger
mans had managed at frtghtful cost
to hack their way to safety. This was
the bloody battle OF Lodz.
Wins Second Victory.
With stronger German forces oppos.
ing them the Russians withdrew to
the line of Bzura, Rawa and Nida
rivers. At the same time the Aus
TRANS, attempting to debouch from
the Carpathian passes, were driven
back everywhere. leaving $4,000 pris
oners.
With January Hindenburg made a
third desperate attack on Warsaw
For ten days, both night and day. the
Germans came on. Then, having lost
probably $4,000 men and the Russians
nearly as many, they gave 1t up.
Unable to reach Warsaw, Hindenburs
concentrated twice Siever's force II
East Prussia, and won his seconc
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05
FIRST YEAR OF WAR
IN THE WEST

The first month and a half of the
western campaign was made up Of
startling, swift moves. On September
IL, after the defeat on the Marine, the
Germans took up defensive positions
along the Aisne river. The ten and a
half months since then have seen q
long deadlock.
The battle line of the Aisne and the
Disc quickly extended northeast to the
eea. Fighting has been continuous,
with tremendous losses. The general
situation has remained unchanged,
gains of few miles for one side at
enc point Offset by minor gains for
the enemy In other sectors.
At the beginning OF August the
kaiser took possession OF the little
state Of Luxembourg and demanded
passage through Belgium to the Fran
so-Belgian frontier.
Permission to pass denied, Won
Einem attacked Liege august A.,
while other German armies passed
around the city and swept over the
aCNcl D6l6l az = tOliihS ioeo.
The little Belgian army yielded Brus-
sells and fell back to Antwerp and
Client.
First Big Engagement.
Not until the Germans had almost
reached the French border did the
FIRST important engagement take place
This is generally known as the battle
of Mons-Charleroi (about August 20
2S), but at the same time there was
severe fighting along the whole line
through Thionville in Lorraine and
along the Vosges in upper Alsace,
which the French had invaded with
temporary success.
This battle resulted in defeat for the
French and English.
While obtaining some successes in
counter attacks on the advancing Ger
mans at Peronne and at Guise, the
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

was fought the desperate first battle
Of Ypres, when the Germans suffered
enormous losses in attempts to break
through the line in Flanders and reach
Calais. They succeeded in pushing
back the allies only little and the
invasion of Silesia by the Cossacks
finally induced them to desist and
send re-enforcements to Russia.
The Germans in September had per-
formed the feat of pushing a salient
into the French line south Of Verdun,
which terminated on the west bank Of
the Mouse river at st. Mihjel; while
the French had taken the offensive
with some success In Champagne at
about the same time.
For the most part throughout the
winter the fighting consisted of regu-
lar siege warfare. with heavy artillery
combats and mine and counter-miue.
The flooding of the River Aisne
from winter SHOWS gave the Germans
a chance to entrap the French troops
on the north side Of that river In the
vicinity of Scissors for a considerable
distance and kill or capture most Of
them January ~.
Take Offensive In Spring.
With the spring. the French and
English attempted to take the offensive
at several points. Always preparing
the way with tens or hundreds OF thou
Stands OF shells, they tried Joint after
Joint of the German armor.
In the Vosges the dominating height
OF Recommendation was taken
and retaken several times In sanguin-
airy charges and finally remained in the
hands Of the French.
The salient of st. Mihiel was also
subjected to tremendous French pres
sure on both legs" The French sue
ceeded In gaining little ground, but
the Germans, despite the apparent
weakness of the sharp wedge they had
driven into the French line, could not
be dislodged and later succeeded In re-
gaining some of the territory they had
lost.
The British also reported victories
at Neuve Chapelle and Hill No. 60. in
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

Flanders. Whether these should be
accounted successes for the allies Is
doubtful. The British suffered enor-
nous losses and at Neuve Chapelle
bungled affairs to the extent Of she'll
ing their own men who had taken Ger
man trenches. In other cases they
left gallant little parties lodged In
enemy's trenches without supports to
be annihilated.
The next development was the I'M
expected use of poisonous gas fumes
by the Germans in attacks Just north
Of Ypres. With this novel weapon
they succeeded in taking several small
villages and more than compensating
for the British gains south of Ypres.
The losses Of the French, Canadians
and British were severe, but they sue
ceeded In stemming the German on.
slaught effectively few miles back
from their former position
Begin Series Of Attacks.
The German line makes salient at
scissors, though not such a pro-
nounced one as at st. Mihiel The
French now began a series of at.
tacks on the upper side of this salient,
to the north Of Arras. Expanding hun
dreds Of thousands Of shells, they time
and again blasted away the barbed
wire entanglements and concrete
trenches, held by Crown Prince Rup.
precht Of Bavaria's men, and then
charged across the desolate ground for
slight gains.
The fighting centered about the SUI.
gar refinery Of Souchez and the great
German work called the Labyrinth.
Fighting went on in cellars and tun-
nels below the earth and the casual.
ties were heavy. The French bent the
German line and captured the LADY
rinth, but whether the gains justified
their sacrifice In human life is ques-
tionable.
In July, Crown Prince Frederick
Williams army attacked in the Ar.
come forest, west OF Verdun, and
succeeded In gaining several hundred
yards Of shattered woodland and cap.
turing several thousand Frenchnen.
There were rumors that the Ger
mans were reinforcing for another
great drive toward Calais or Paris,
but the Teutonic campaign in the
West continued to wait upon the
crushing of the much weaks ar enemy
In Poland.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

France by the amazing German rush
through Belgium. Nicholas attacked
sooner than he otherwise would have
done. AS result, he met two disas-
ters.
He sent General Samsonoff into
East Prussia from the south and
General Rennenkampf into East Prus-
STA from the east, the latter winning
the first large engagement Of the war
in the East at Gumbinen.
At this moment the Germans, be-
lieving that the French were well In
hand and about to be surrounded on
their eastern frontier, quickly with
drew 100000 men from France and
hurled them by rail into East Prus-
STA, where they fell upon Samsonoff
with crushing force in the great Ger
man victory Of Tannenberg aug. 2S)
Meanwhile. the Austrians, leaving
only a few troops in Galicia to hold
back the Russians advancing from
Tarnopol on the line OF the Gnila-Lir0,
struck the Russians en- masse at Kra-.
nix and routed them to Lublin.
Most Bloody Drive Of War.
With two armies In difficulty, the
grand duke decided to abandon one
to its fate and save the other. He
threw re-enforcements into Lublin
and ordered the line of the Gnila-
Lipa river be forced at any cost. In
one OF the most bloody drives OF the
war the Russians advanced into east.
ern Galicia and occupied Lemberg.
The Russians then advanced to
Rawa Ruska and took the Austrian
armies in Poland In the rear. cutting
them up frightfully.
Meanwhile Won Hindenburg had
completed his victory over Samsonoff
by turning on Rennenkampf and clear.
ing East Prussia of Muscovites. But
though Rennenkampf had been de
feated and Samsonoff almost ami.
hilated the Germans.
The Russians were now as far west
as Tarnow IN Gallcia, while their
Cossacks were able to make raids into
Hungary farther south. ilindcnburg
concentrated great force suddenly
in Silesla and began a drive from the
west against Warsaw and Ivan.
gorod. The Siberian corps arrived
In the nick OF time to save Warsaw
from the enemy.
High Tide Of Russian Invasion.
Hindenburg then drew OF the north.
arn SeCtlon of his army In Poland to
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

May Sherman submarine sinks the
Lusitanba, more than I,I50 lost. Rus
SLAMS In full retreat from Cnrpn-
thians.
May 12-French capture Ceremony.
north OF Arras, mt great cost.
May 14-American FIRST submarine note
May 24-ItaIy declares war ON Aus
tria.
May 28-Itnlinns invade Austria.
May 24-Italians take GrodnO. Russians
check Germans Mt Stenawa.
May 31-First German note on subma =
rtne reaches Washington. Zeppeli.s
drop bombs in London.
June 3-Przemysl falls to Austro-Ger-
mans.
June 10-Germans capture Stnnfslau.
June 11-secOnd U. 5. submarine note
TO Germany made public. Italians
take MOnfalcone.
June 12-Italians take Gradisca.
June 10-Austro-Germans occupy Tor
nOgrOd.
June 22-French take MetxeraI.
June 23-French announce occupation
of the "Lsbyrinth," north of Arrns.
June 24-AustrO-Germans capture Lem
berg.
June 2s-Austrians cross the Dniester
at Halicx.
June 29-Halicx falls.
July 2-Russians defeat German at
tempt to land at Windnu.
July t@tusso-German naval battle OF
Cortland
July 4-Italians take ToIminO.
July 5-Berlin announces gains in the
Argonne forest.
July 18-Germans take PrzasnysE, 80
miles north Of Warsaw.
July 10-Germans advance Mt many
points In Russia, taking Windau. Tu-
KUN, Blonde and Grobec.
July 2O-Russians report sinking of 80
Turkish sailing vessels. German
guns reach outer forts of warsaw
and damage the Lublin-ChoIm rail-
way.
July 21-Third U. 8. submarine note
goes to Germany.
July 22-Turkish-German expedition
landed In TripOli.
July 2-Germnn tnke two forts ncnr
Warsaw.
July 2G-Russinns rcpuIse Austrinns in
Gnlicia.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05
FIGHTING IN SCORE OF
OTHER REGIONS

In q score OF regions there has
been fighting which would have held
worldwide attention were 1t not for
the mighty battle lines In France and
Poland.
Servia's own war was a greater trial
to her than either of the two proceed
ing Balkan struggles. Assisted by
Montenegro, the little Slavic nation
twice threw the hosts of Franz Josef
beyond her borders and inflicted
losses of about 100000 men, but she
suffered severely herself.
The AUstrians invaded Serbia In
great force about August Is and pene-
trated to the Jadar river, where a
great five.day battle ,nded In the
rout of the Teutons.
The Austrians returned soon in
stronger force than ever. They
reached Valjevo, where on November
II the SerbIans met a defeat.
With their supply of artillery am.
munition exhausted. the Serbians now
had to retreat. The Austrians, be-
lieving them crushed. withdrew six
army corps for re-enforcements
against the victorious Russians in Ga.
licia.
Shells and English tars with naval
guns reached the Serbians. and on
December they turned on the Aus.
TRANS and cut them to pieces
The entry of Turkey into the war
was marked by brave, but foolhardy
attempt to invade Egypt Great Brit.
aims Indian and colonial troops threw
the invaders back with heavy losses.
British and Japanese troops invest.
ed the fortified German port of Using.
tau, China, and after a siege of few
weeks the defenders gave up the hope
less struggle.
A section Of the Boer population OF
South Africa revolted The revolt
was put down by Boer, Premier
Botha. He then invaded German
Southwest Africa, and after a long
campaign in the waterless deserts
captured the greatly outnumbered
Germans July 81.
After taking three-quarters of year
to arm herself to the teeth, Italy at
tackled Austria this spring. The effect
OF the entry OF Italy upon the arena
has not yet been marked.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

French were obliged to fall back rap
idly to the line of the River Marne.
On the left the French had with
drawn to below Paris and the western
most German army, under Won Kluck,
followed.
The garrison Of Paris was put in
thousands of motor cars and hurled on
Won Kluck's flank. The latter was not
taken entirely unawares and met the
attack strongly, but at the same time
the army of General Foch attacked the
German army on Won Kluck's left and
drove it back.
Driven Back From Paris.
The Germans had begun the battle
with five armies in line. The with.
drawal Of the two farthest west now
caused the retreat of the third, fourth
and fifth in that order, each in turn
finding its flank exposed by the with
drawal Of the troops on Its right. At
the same time the movement on the
east end of the German line was &C.
CELEBRATED by a strong attack from the
French fortified zone of Verdun.
The German retreat was as orderly
as that Of the French and English had
been. The invaders took up an ad-
mirable defensive position. 1t ran
Just north of the Aisne river, on a
series Of bluffs, then just north of
Chalons and through the wooded,
rough regions of the Argonne and the
Woevre, joining hands here with the
troops besieging Verdun. The allies
have tried this line in vain ever since.
Both combatants now tried to turn
the west flank. Enormous bodies of
cavalry. On the part Of the French
Flanders. On the part of the French
there was largely the desire to link up
with the Belgians, now being attacked
In Antwerp The mighty siege guns
of the Germans made short work of
the Belgian seaport. however, and it
fell on October 8. tt remnants OF
the Belgian army retres ted along the
sea coast and the Germans in final
rush reached Ostend October 15).
Line Extended to the Sea.
The battle line of the Aisne was now
extended to the sea, the Germans hold
ing the important French city OF Lille,
while the allies kept Ypres in Belgium
and. partly by flooding the lowlands,
held the position Of the User river and
canal.
From October 16 to November 10
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

overwhelming victory there. Enor
nous captures of Russians were made
and the fortress OF Gradno was at
tackled farther west, from Ossowetz
to Pultusk. The Germans retreated
to Mlawa and then tried to flank the
Russians at Przasnysz. which city
they took But the Russians again
fanked the flanking party. as they had
done at LODI and won an important
success February 22.2S).
In March and April, the Russians
pressed through the western Carpa-
THAN passes and entered Hungary.
Just when their future seemed bright
est, the Germans broke the Russian
line in West GaIicia and let through
enormous forces.
Pressing westward irresistibly, they
took the Russian Carpathian armies In
the rear. The latter tried to retreat,
but vast numbers were captured.
Przemysl, which had succumbed to
the Russian besiegers March 90, fell
again into the hands OF the Austro-
Germans.
Great German ManeuVer
From Przenlysl Won Mackensen
drove east through Mosciska and
Grodek and captured Lemberg, the
Galician capital. Then he turned
north and marched upon the Warsaw.
Iyangorod -Brest Litovsk triangle
from the south.
At the same time the Russians in
southern Galicia putting up desper-
ate resistance, were driven by Won
Linsingen first to the line OF the
Dniester and then across the emilia
Llpa to the line OF the ota-Lipa.
Reaching the vicinity OF krasnik
In their drive to Warsaw from the
south, the Austrians sustained Sc.
we're check In the scene of their tri.
umph of the previous summer. Held
on this line the Germans attacked hot.
ly from the north and took the town
OF Przasnysz July IA.
The Germans now began the grand,
est maneuver ever seen in the history
OF human warfare
From the Windau river In the Bal
tic provinces all the way along the
border OF East Prussia and in a gigan.
tic sweep through the vicinity OF Ra.
dom, west OF the Vistula, and a line
south OF the Lublin-Cholm railway
they delivered smashing blows and
have reached the very gates OF War
saw.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

that they must be wary OF airshlp
guns. Since then they have not ven
tured to fly so low.
London Reached at Last,
The first raid on the English coast
was made January 10 on Yarmouth
and other Norfolk towns, with less
than a score OF deaths.
With the spring came what prom
Used to be the beginning OF the great
raids on London. The night OF April
Is Zeppelins flew within about twenty
miles OF that city and dropped bombs
In the region of some war supply man.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

much destruction, OF which the pub
lie has never been informed Ger.
man raiders have gone over Paris,
have attacked the headquarters OF
General Joffre, have tried to reach the
king of Belgium and President Poin-
care when they were together, and
have frequently bombarded Dunkirk
and other British concentration points.
They have also dropped missiles on
ships at sea.
Allied flyers in the west. however.
have performed the most spectacu-
lar feats, so far as the public has been
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

Informed. They have sent out squad.
rons OF aeroplanes. as many as 20 at
time. against various points in.
side the German lines, and assert that
great damage was done.
The Zeppelin raids have been few,
and the destruction wrought far less
than that done by the aeroplane.
Their first exploit was the lombard.
ment of Antwerp. October 3. when
two or three dropped many bombs and
fired guns at various buildings. This
was probably the most destructive Of
their raids, for 1t was then learned
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

Ing the strategy of surprise In war.
Only on the Russian front, where
the German air corps has been supe-
rior, has 1t been possible to carry out
great surprise tactics.
The aeroplane has also been invalu.
able in the trench warfare in hunting
out the positions OF men and guns
Destructive raids have been made
also. Points OF concentration behind
the lines OF the enemy, railroad sta
tons, trains. supply and ammunition
depots, and airship hangers have been
the target OF bombs that have wrought
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05
FIGHTING on THE SEA

At the end OF the first year
of war not a German fighting
craft, except submarines, is
known to be at large outside
the Baltic sea. The Austrian
warships are confined to the up
per Adriatic and the Turkish
feet to the Sea of Marmora
and adjacent straits. The mer-
chant marine OF the central
European powers has disap-
peared utterly from the ocean
highways. Sixty million dol
lars worth of German shipping
lies idle in the docks of New
York, while several times as
much is bottled up elsewhere.
At the same time the German
submarines have inflicted enor-
nous losses of allied shipping.
While both sides have prob
ably concealed many losses,
the following Is a fairly accu-
date summary OF the number
Of craft which have been de.
stroyed:
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05
AERCPLANES A REVELATION;
DlRIGIBlES DO LITTLE

In the air the dirigible has been
great disappointment, the aeroplane q
revelation.
When the days of secrecy are past
and interested ones are permitted to
dig into the records OF the aeroplanes,
many tales OF surprising interest will
be found and much information, too,
for those who study the art Of war.
Most notable has been the achieve
ment OF the aeroplane Ia overthrow.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05

ufactories. causing slight damage.
After two other scares the big craft
did reach London on the night OF
May 81. 1t Is known they were near
the Woolwich arsenal and unofficial
reports have 1t that they set great
docks afire.
After this raid the British censors
determined that no news OF the locali-
ties and details OF this or subsequent
air expeditions would be given GU.
on the ground that they did not wish
to give information to the Germans
that might aid in future ventures.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05
Observation-Disclosures,
Y MARKET REPORTS
Observation-Disclosures
Milwaukee. August 8. 1915

Butter-Creamery, extras, 24hoi
prints. 251ac; firsts, 23@24c; secondsa
2O@21c; renovated, 22023c; dairy,
fancy, 231ac.
Cheese-American full cream, new
made twns, 13013hc; Young Amer.
icas, 14@14hc; daisies, 1914 @14c:
longhorns, 14914kc; limburger, fancy,
15c.
Eggs-Current receipts fresh as to
quality, 15h9l6hc; recandled. ex.
tras. 2092lc; seconds. 12@14c.
Live Poultry-Fowls. 12c; ROSTERS,
&c; broilers, 2 lbs. and over, 21@24c.
Wheat-No. 1 northern, 1.45@1.47;
No. northern, 1.42@1.44; No. north
ern, l.3091.3S; No. l velvet, 1880
las
Corn-No 3 yellow, S0kc.
Oats-No white, 5O652hc; stand.
ard, SEA 521ac; No white, 49h q SIC.
Barley. No. 8, 76@77hc; No. 4, $50
76c; Wisconsin, 76G77hc.
Rye-No. /, 105@1.0S.
Hay-No. 1 timothy, 1900919 so;
No. 2 timothy, 16.ONh1900; clover and
clover mixed, 1500@16 1900; red top
mixed, 13OO9l5.O0; rye straw, 5000
$50.
Hogs-Good heavy butchers, $500
715; fair to best light. 6.306770; pigs,
65O6700.
Cattle-Butchers' steers, 69068.40;
feeders, 465m6.+0; cows, 315@6.65:
heifers, 515@715; calves, ESQ 1915.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05
Entente Allies

Entente Allies
Brit Rus
ish French sian
Battleships 10 2 :.
Cruisers ......12 2
Submarines :. 3 :.
Auxil. cruisers 5 :. !
Gunboats, de-
stroyers. and
torpedo boats 4 6 2
Tota! japanese and Italian
losses, seven vessels OF all
classes.
Teutonlc Allies.
Ger. Aus.
many tria
Battleships ........... :.
Cruisers 49,. is 2
Submarines .......... 8
Auxiliary cruisers -. 10 :.
Cunboats, destroyers.
and torpedo boats :. 20 /,
Total Turkish losses OF yes.
sells OF all classes. four.
Total tonnage en-
tente allies .376,77O
Total tonnage.
Teutonic allies ...... .224,746
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1915-08-05
WHAT THE WAR COST

I Only approximately accurate
/ tables of the killed, wounded
! and missing In the first year Of
I the war are possible, because
! France and Russia and Austria
I Hungary do not give out their
! figures, while Germany has
: changed her policy recently to
: one of secrecy. Great Britain
I still tells her losses from
: month to month.
The following estimates are
Z believed to give a fairly cor
: rect idea of the casualties:
; Teutonie ALLIES.
Germany .............2 100000
2 Austria Hungary ...1.900,000
: Turkey .............. 100000
Total 900
Entente Allies.
france /, iOU,UOU
Russia (including pris-
Z oners, 1.175,000) ....3,500,000
: Great Britain ......... 100000
Z Belgium .............. 100000
: Servia ............... 100000
I Japan ................ 1910
I Italy (no reports Of
{ losses .............. $4,000
: Portugal (fighting in
Z colonies) ..........( minor)
) Montenegro .......... 10000
San Marine .......... ~
: Total ..............6 6, 1862
!: The first year Of the war has
: cost the belligerent govern
: ments about $500, 100000 in
: direct expenditures for mill
! tary purposes. The war is now
T costing about $45, 100000 day,
+ 100000 an hour and $4,000
& minute.