davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-07-25

world. One feels that all ese in this
discussion is ordinate in the writer's
mind, as 1t is in our own, to this primal
need OF the church.
CHILD TRAINING. BY " NJ Hillyer.
head master of Calvert School. New
York: The Century Company.
This book is for fathers and mothers.
1t is planned to help in the training
of children from their babyhood to the
time when they enter school. 1t is
founded upon the theory that the first
six or seven years of life is the period
when traits of character. habits of ac-
tion and even modes of thought take
on roughly the outlines of their ulti-
mate design. The assumption is that
this is vitality important period,
despite the general Indifference in
which it is held by the average parent.
The book rounds to a system of train
ing in which a flexible program acts as
specific guide to the parent or teacher.
and takes it's place also as a center of
suggestion to meet special needs and
requirements. 1t is, moreover, so clear
and simple that its lessons and drills
can easily be given to children by
parents unframed in the art of teach
ing. 1t is specially calculated to open
out the powers of children. It is hap
PLY free from the mass of conscious
Evening star., 1915-07-25
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY
SELECTED LIST OF BOOKS RE-
GENTLY ADDED.

The following list arranged by sub.
jects. includes some Of the latest addi-
tions to the Public Library.
The lists which appear in this column
each Saturday are reprinted. at the end
of the month. in the Library's Monthly
Bulletin. Copies of this may be OBJ
tanned free at the library or will he
sent by mail for Is cents a year.
Labor.
American Academy Of Political and Social Sci.
ence. Philadelphia. The Cost of Living. 1918.
American Labor Legislation Review. sv. 1911
C Chapman. s. J. Work and Wages. VS.. HF-
Dearie. \. b. Industrial Training HAS Ds44.
Fobllouse L. T. The Labour Movement 1912.
n Keller. ihS.' +. i; A. Out of Work Hrw- Ksseo:
King: c. L. Lower Living Costs in cities.
NettlefoId. ]. s. Practical Town Planning.
HFZ-N3S1pt.
Social Problems.
Berle. A. A. Christianity and the Social Rage.
Eiiwo,d. C. A. The Social Problem H-El 57sn.
Flower. b. O. Progressive Men. Women ana
Movements of the Past Twenty five Years. Hs''-
Keller. A. G. societaI Evolution. H-K2s2s.
Kidd. Benjamin Social Evolution. H-ko3so.
Transportation.
Bakenhus; R: E.. and others. The Panama
Bureau Of Railway Economics. Washington.
D. c. Selected Special Studies. ls1olsli. HJH-
Bs93s.
Butte G. C. Great Britain and the Panama
Canal. 1913. HJC- -B9ssg.
Dunbar. seymour; 4 History of Travel in
Keegar. George. and Wood. E. T. Transpo"'a-
tion Facilities Of London and Paris Of October.
Pepperman. W. L. Who Built the Panama
Canal: HJC- -P396w.
Ripley, W q. Railroads Finance and Organ
ization HJR-Ris5rf.
Corporations.
American Academy Of Political and Social SCI
ence. Philadelphia. State Regulation Of Public
Utilities. HL-An,:itis.
bination. Rev. ed. LT-Il133b.
Hayes, II. V. Public Utilities. 1913. HL-
Iowa University. Intercollegiate Debates. 1912
1:. Federal Charter for Interstate Corporations.
HL-Io9. Reference.
Bullock f. u. Agricultural Credit. HN BS75.
Reference.
Conant: G; 4, A History of Modern Banks Of
Desjardns. Alplionse, The Cooperative Peoples
Bank HNX-D4G5.
Taxation and Tariff.
American Academy or POLITICAL ana Social Sii-
enct philadelphia. Realjustmen,s in Taxation
HTSS- AMIR.
Pu.Iack +. u. Selected Articles Single Tax.
HTE-BS7j. Reference.
Holland B. III. The Fail of Protection. 1913.
HV45H717.
State Conference Taxation in the State Of
New York. Addresses and Proceedings. v. 1917
l3. HTS51-St1S.
Taussig. r. W. Some Aspects Of the Tariff
Question. HUeT19s.
Economic Questions.
Watkins G. +. Welfare an Economic Guam
tlfy. HZ- W32w.
Withers. Hartley. Poverty and Waste. Hz-
W.T..
Wood. II. G. Personal Economy and Social Re-
form. 1872. HZ-HS5Ip.
Evening star., 1915-07-25

and unconscious inhibitions with which
education as a whole commonly shuts
children In upon themselves. 1t is
marked by a common-sense attitude
that discounts the sentimental nom
sense SO often imposed upon the state
of childhood. 1t recognizes the fact
that a child is many-sded expression
of life-buoyant, inventive, flexible. in
tuitive, open and impressionable-and
it builds securely upon this fact. The
book tells the parent any number of
things that he ought to know. 1t puts
meaning into toys and aids in their
selection. 1t shows what stories are
suitable for him. 1t points the classes
of facts that should be taught him at
this age. And in numberless ways 1t
gives the parent a good guide to the
training of children. 1t meets the full
purpose of its plan in direct and IL
Eliminating manner.
THE ORTHOCR ATTIC STATE. BY John
Sherwfn Crosby. New York: Sturgis
d Walton Company. Washington:
Woodward Il Lothrop.
This discussion of the orthocratic, or
rightly governing state, deals, in the
main, with government in action, point
ing out in simple and concrete fashion
what the state can do, what it does do,
and what 1t ought to do. The discus
sion of these topics results in an or
Evening star., 1915-07-25

derly exposition of what the author be-
lieves to be the fundamental principles
Of government. 1t produces also an
outline of the functions and limitations
of the state. And in addition 1t makes
a summary of those abuses of it's power
from which many of the common prob
lens of the country have sprung. The
writer has the modern outlook that
permits him to stand at the point of
view of such as are inclined to call the
state to a strict accounting and to
question its use of power.
THE ART AND ETHICS OF DRESS. BY
Eva Olney Farnsworth. illustrations
by Audley b. Wells. San Francisco:
Paul Elder Compny.
Mrs. Farnsworth offers this little
study to meet the manifest need of edu-
cation on the perplexing subject of
dress Economy in its all-around sense,
and efficiency as this is either promoted
by dress or interfered with hy it, give
the starting point of this discussion.
Upon this foundation the writer defines
the principles that underlie the artistry,
the ethics and the hygiene of dress.
From these she gives certain general
rules to be followed and points the way
besides. for making various adaptations
to meet special needs and requirements.
The book is the product of experience
Evening star., 1915-07-25
HOW LONG DOES 1T TAKE TO
MAKE SOLDIERS OF CIVILIANS

shot in considerable quantity, 1t VIII be
seen that the alarmsts and militarists OF
a year ago were probably right when they
said that the United States, or large
part of the United States. might be over
whelmed by powerful foe before it could
get ready to fight
While the country is now getting into
a position where it could arm and supply
troops. it is making small preparation
toward getting the troops or making it
be improvised. 1t takes long and exact
ing training to make competent officers
out of otherwise capable men, and 1t takes
considerable time to transform ordinary
men into reasonably efficient soldiers
Turning civilians into soldiers is a matter
upon which there is no agreement A
popular and dangerous notion is that the
transformation can be effected by giving
a man a gun, uniform, drum and flag and
pumping him full of patriotic enthusiasm
by means of Fourth of July oratory and
brass band.
The other extreme view, which is dis
approved by a fair reading of history and
present events, and which is impracticable
or impractical is that civilian cannot be
turned into soldier until he has been
denatured as civilian and impregnated
with the traditions and customs OF the
service"
The truth lies between these extremes,
and it would seem agreeable to common
sense that armies fighting a defensive war
on the home grounds against invaders
would not require SO much of that quality
called discipline" which means one thing
to one man and another thing to another
man, as expeditionary armies. Barring
Intervention in Mexico, defensive war
is the only kind of war that within the
realm of possibility the United States will
ever be called on to fight. The military
officer most impatient with the idea that
civilians can be transformed into effective
troops is the text book officer and may
strategist who believes that all knowledge
and all wisdom are bound up between the
covers of his drill regulations, field serv-
ice regulations and a few books on tac>
tics. However much the officer of this
type shines in garrison, the type has been
discredited by the events of the greatest
war.
Men who have a true touch of the situa
tion know that if the supply departments
work efficiently instead Of breaking down.
civilians of the character in which
America abounds can be turned into good
troops in much shorter time than is be-
lieved by those military men who class
refined drill. picturesque guard mounts
and wooden obedience as virtues compare
BILE to good shooting and good. marching.
Evening star., 1915-07-25

Members of the assembly, per diem,
three raccoon skins:
Justices fees for signing warrant,
one muskrat skin:
ITO the constable for serving a war
rant. one mink skin"
Evening star., 1915-07-25

a DEQUATE national defense plans
IN are engaging the thoughts of a
@ 4 constantly and rapidly widening
circle of Americans. change that Is
markedly noticeable is taking place IN
the attitude of the American masses
toward the question of national pre-
paredness against war and prepared
ness for war. The reasons for TINS
awakening are obvious.
Before the outbreak of. the war in
terest in national preparedness was
limited to a small number of persons,
wks for the most part were professional
military men, amateur military men
who had gained an insight into the ma
tional military deficiencies and de-
linquencies and men who were interest
ed in the manufacture of arms, armor'
ammunition and war engines Inese
men could not get the public ear. When
they would make reports or denver
speeches or write articles for the news
papers and magazines or publish DOCKS
setting forth conditions of which tney
complained or setting forth what they
believed to be the needs of the coun-
try they were dismissed as mill
tarists," "jingoes." "alarmists." hunters
for military contracts. seekers after
pelf and all that. Today there is very
perceptible broadening of recognition
for contingencies or emergencies that
may suddenly arise and that this un-
preparedness invites calamity.
The war between the other great ma
tions is rectifying one element of dan
ger to the United States. 1t is de-
veloping American capacity for the
manufactl -e of cannon, rifles. machine
guns, smokeless powder, shell, shrap-
mel, fuses and cartridges The arms and
ammunition plants which have been ex-
tended, the new plants that have been
and are being created, the peaceful in
dustrial plants that have been and are
being adapted to the manufacture of
arms and ammunition and the thou
sands of men who have learned the
trade of making war goods is an asset
in the scheme of national defense
which might prove of incalculable value
to the United States.
In production of armament the United
States has transformed itself from a con-
dition of impotency to condition Of tre-
mendous power. In view of the enormous
expenditure Of ammunition required in
modern battle, and in view of the fact it
has required year. for the United States
to make ready for producing powder and
Evening star., 1915-07-25
Special Correspondence Of The Star.

BETHUNE. France, July 13, 1915.
skirts of this ancient capital Of
French Flanders several thousand
q new British troops were drilling.
group Of us army service corps men
leaned against the fence and watched
the maneuvers with the satisfaction of
those whose days work is done. We
were congratulating ourselves that it
was unnecessary for us to march and
double for hours in the hot spring sun
shine with believing sergeant-majors
and sergeants at our heels.
One Of the nearest Of the drilling
squads came to halt and stood at ease
for a brief rest. Suddenly we noticed
q stir in their ranks and several hands
pointing upward toward the eastern
sky. Sergeants and corporals Joined
In the study of the heavens and we
found ourselves also gazing into pale
blue depths. The word passed swiftly
AN aeroplane, probably a German,
coming from the east.
Coddling Of our party. little Cock
ney hostler, was the first to pick out
the narrow little black line floating
in the upper regions of the air.
u,
pointing high into the blue vault with
a stubby foreflnger. One by one. fol-
lowing the direction Of his aim, we sue
ceeded in focusing our straining vision
on the distant speck. So far away and
so high was the fiier that its motion
was barely perceptible. nor was it pos
sible to determine whether it was a
monoplane or biplane. friend or foe
As slowly and steadily as an eagle
scars. the approaching machine passed
over our field toward the spires and
roofs Of old Bethune. The momentary
interest in the spectacle manifested by
the resting troops vanished with the
sharp orders of the sergeants and in
moment the plain was resounding with
the tramp Of marching men, all eyes
straight ahead, each group swapping
precision.
Back of the drill ground stood the
tents of a British aeroplane station.
From that direction came the sudden
roar of flying machines propeller.
"It must be a German and they're
going after him. shouted some one in
our party, and instantly we all went
on the double run around the field to
watch the Royal Flying Corps get
busy. We reached the edge of the avia-
loose one of the fiiers. With a savage
snarl it sped past US. The pilot was
guiding with one hand, while with the
other he adjusted his helmet. The OBJ
server besides him also seemed to be
making something more shipshape about
his apparel. for all the world like fire.
men just leaving the engine house on
a sudden alarm. AS the biplane Swirled
by US its tall planes tilted and up she
scared, on and on in long straight
incline, climbing foot by foot until it
appeared high above the roofs of the
town. Then it circled, climbing on in
steady spirals, while we turned to
watch them getting another machine
under way.
A swarm OF mechanics. each wearing
blouse-shaped khaki tunics with the
red insignia of the Royal Flying Corps.
surrounded the machine, into which
climbed the pilot and his companion.
Neither the driver nor the observer ap-
peared to take the slightest interest in
the preparations for their fight. They
were both smoking cigarettes. glancing
now and then into the sky as though
keeping an eye on the tiny black hy-
Evening star., 1915-07-25

all British Omcers, they LETT the dfrec-
tion Of all the mere sordid details of
the work of their on-commissioned
officers. In times of peace no aviator
would think of taking a flight with
out going over his machine himself,
examining every bolt and stay. But in
the English army 1t is considered a dis
tinct breach Of the code for an officer
to take personal interest in mere me-
chanical details.
When everything was ready an n c.
o. saluted and the pilot tossed away
his cigarette and gripped his levers
The propeller was spun over, the en-
gine caught, and the crew clung to the
strairing machine until, with a glance
at his companion. the pilot casually
raised his left hand and they let the
thing go.
Before the roaring sputter of this
second machines fight had died away
to that droning. sawmill note so
familiar to those who have attended
aviation meets there came a dull ex-
followed by a dense cloud of black
smoke over some of the housetops
Almost Immediately there came a sec
ond shock. and another column Of
smoke and debris darkened the sky
line.
IT'S German all right and he's
bombarding the town. some one shout
ed: There they go after him.
Sure enough. the frst and second
British f1iers. joined by two others, ap-
parently French, from the other side of
i the town, were circling steadily sky
ward. while far. far overhead that al
most invisible visitor from the heavens
slowly swung in great arc over the
succession of heavy explosions in the
town. They came only a few seconds
apart, and yet the distance between
the spots from which leaped the col
umns of smoke was enough to indicate
the enemys tremendous speed
Between the bomb explosions there
sounded the sharper boom of some sort
of small cannon. Looking upward at
the tiny speck causing all this disturb
ance, we saw a cluster of little white
by one the little balls of cotton wool
would burst out against the blue sky,
above and below and on each side of
the aerial raider. They were the burst
ing shells of, the antiair-craft guns.
We had seen several of them posted on
the housetops of Bethune and other
border towns, their long, slim muzzles
slanting hungrily upward toward the
sky.
But a mark like that German taube
Hdue was almost Impossible 10 Hil'
save by chance. BY this time the Wis
itor had climbed to a height of at least
two miles, from which he appeared so
infinitesimal an object as to be ex-
tremely difficult to keep in sight. One
glance in another direction. and it was
minutes before the eyes could pick that
black speck up again.
Higher and higher climbed the pur-
suers. swinging in graceful spirals.
until they, too, were but black dashes
against the sky. Then the enemy ma :
chine began to draw toward us, once
more. AS it drew nearer the zenith II
changed from a speck to black line
Hes planning down, he's falling,
some one shouted.
/ There was no doubt about it. The
German was shooting straight toward
our field in one tremendous volplane.
With each second he appeared larger
| and larger until, when almost overhead.
1t was easy to distinguish the double
line of his planes.
His dive brought him straight -down
Evening star., 1915-07-25

The the HES

through the spirals of his pursuers,
who, caught on the upward incline.
were helpless to close in on the foe as
he dashed almost headlong toward the
earth. From the sky there came the
sharp crack of rifles. unanswered by
the foe.
We were just wondering If the Ger
man was going to land In our field
when. with beautiful .ilt of his wings,
bringing him almost end up. he made
an abrupt turn and Strengthened out
for the town again, this time flying less
than a thousand feet high.
The pursuing planes had meanwhile
swung about in our direction. diving
straight after their quarry. Caught a
second time unaware by the Germans
maneuver, they passed almost directly
over him in the opposite direction as
he sped back toward the town. There
the invading fiier responded. We could
see the burst of gaseous smoke from
the taube, and almost instantly one OF
the British machines tilted sideways.
crumpled up in one wing and plunged
headlong to the earth. 1t struck In
From the aviation headquarters an
automobile leaped down the road. fly
ing the white flag and Red Cross. None
of US felt like going over to that WOOD
A little later the auto came back and
two limp khaki figures were carried
into one of the tents.
~
Meanwhile. the taube had dashed
back over the town. This time it pre-
sented fair and square mark for the
anti-air-craft gunners. The white, cot
ton-wool shell-puffs bloomed all about
the intrepid airman. It seemed as
though he could not escape being hit
But he bore charmed life, apparently,
for not only did he pass over half of
Evening star., 1915-07-25

Richard Schayer Describes Raid on
Bethune, France, by German Taube
Aeroplane and Its Battle With Pursuing
English Fliers- Diving Straight After the
Quary-The Fall of the Raiding Machine.
The Last Stroke at the Lone Enemy-TWo
Aviators Killed.
Evening star., 1915-07-25
BOOK REVIEWS

SANITATION IN PANAMA. BY William
Crawford Gorgas, chief sanitary OF
hcer, Panama canal. surgeon gen
eral, T.. s. A. Illustrated. New
York: d. Appleton & Co.
Evening star., 1915-07-25
Economic Questions.

Watkins. G. T.. Welfare US an Economic Guam
tlfy. HZ- VIEW.
Withers Hartley. Poverty and Waste. Hz-
W.T..
Wood. II. e. Personal Economy and Social Re-
form. 1872. HZ-iIS57p.
Evening star., 1915-07-25

At THE FRONT WITH THREE
ARMIES. BY Granville Fortescue.
special correspondent OF the Daily
Telegraph. New York: Brentanos.
Determined In purpose and inventive
in plan. Granville Fortescue. special
correspondent Of the Daily Telegraph.
appears to have succeeded better than
most of his craft in covering the
ground of the great war. This is the
story of his adventures in the war zone.
In Belgium at its invasion by the Ger
man army he was an eyewitness Of the
opening of the mOnstrous drama. From
Belgium to France, and from France
to Germany, he moved, gathering In
Vulnerable Impressions and . host of
facts concerning the different armies in
field and camp. These are all first hand
pictures. sketched by the writer with
the subject to all intents and purposes
before him These are also independ-
ent Impressions, drawn OF by the
writer himself from this or. that part
of the conduct and effect of war. Mr..
Fortescue writes with dash, in a con-
crete, vigorous, vivid fashion. He ap-
pears, besides, to be fair-minded in his
appraisals and estimates. So one gets
here not only a striking war picture.
but he has one. also. that is toned to
substantial value by the discrimination
and good Judgment of the writer. The
present flood Of war books, among
which the one In hand stands rather
The weekly soliphone., 1915-07-30
| HIS CI6dFlnV !

You will appreciate tt
e till the desired stock
The weekly soliphone., 1915-07-30

One lot of madras good 25 cent
I value, during this y
Evening capital and Maryland gazette., 1915-09-25
Navy's New Battleship
Plans Authorized by Congress

Contract plans for two new battle
ships for the United States Navy au-
thorized by act of Congress approved
March 5, 1915, were signed by the Sec
retary of the Navy recently. Pending
their completion they viii be design
atd as Nos 43 and A. Exclusive of
armor and armament the limit of cost
fixed for each ship is S7,S0O,000. Fully
equipped each viii probably cost about
SIS. 10000.
The facts concerning the new ships
which Secretary Daniels was able to
make public give the following dimen-
sions: Length over all, 624 feet; the
length between perpendiculars, 600
breadth extreme, 81 feet inches;
draught. 80 feet; speed, 20 1-2 knots;
displacement, about $4,000 tons. In
the main battery each vessel will have
twelve 14-inch guns and four submerg-
ed torpedo tubes and in the torpedo
defense battery twenty-five five-ipch
rapid-fire guns. In addition ther will
be four 3-inch guns ard anti-aircraft
weapons, together with the usual num-
Der of auxiliary weapons of small cal
iber. Turbine engines will be used with
oil burning boilers of the water tube
type.
Secretary Daniels announced that
the plans and specifications were ready
for bidders, and that the bids on the
contracts will be opened November H.
915. Illustrating the extent to which
the new vessels will exceed in dimen-
sions and fighting powers anything
ever before constructed for the United
States Navy, the figures for the Nevada
which is now nearing completion. are
as follows: Length over ell, 5S3 feet;
length between perpendiculars, 575
fete; breadth, extreme, 95 feet ? IL
inches; draught, % feet 6 inches speed
20 IL knots; displacement, $500 tons
The main battery of the Nevada will
have ten 14-inch guns and four sub
merged torpedo tubes ,whie the secon-
Diary battery will be composed of 21
5-inch rapid fire guns.