davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17
GIANT Plane to
Garry 20 MEN
for Uncle Sam

~ ESPITE the secrecy that was
thrown around the United States
governments experiments with
the huge biplane near Alexandria, Va,
last summer. details Of the construction
OF the craft have leaked out. While the
Curtiss plant has been turning out mill
tary biplanes for the British government
designed to carry a dozen to twenty
men. Uncle Sam has not been doing.
ing himself with plane equally as
large
The Alexandria machine, as it is now
known. was developed by a Massachu-
setts man and offered first to the Ameri-
can government. which conducted the
experiments. These, by the way. while
nothing Official was forthcoming during
the flights. are said to have been fairly
satisfactory, only details of construction
and design needing improvement.
The new craft. one of the largest
heavier-than-air machines ever built in
this country, rests on two long, sled
like pontoons, which are also used as
auxiliary oil carriers, having a capacity
of several barrels. Two horizontal, six
cylinder motors develop 1876 horsepower
each. Four gasoline tanks above the
engines carry fifty gallons of oil.
The machine Is driven by propellers
fore and aft. Carrying a load of twenty
men. 1t is expected the craft will be
able to develop a speed of sixty miles
an hour. Beside the fore and aft pro-
pellers, the novel feature of the Alex
andria machine is the shape of the
wings. which have the appearance Of
tandem biplanes faced head-on, but in
reality are four sets Of planes. Elevat-
ing planes and rudders are carried on
outriggers extending fore and aft of the
boat.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17

ratus for preventing damage to the plant
due to the above mentioned causes.
The condenser is the principal piece Of
apparatus for preventing such damage.
The main advantages of the condenser
are: Cd 1t is connected direct to the
hne, so there is no dielectric spark lag;
(2) it is the only arrester not containing
an air-gap. the setting of which may be-
come vitiated by reason of deposits OF
dust. changes in the atmospheric con-
ditions and variations in other factors;
90 it is the only arrester discriminating
adequately between the low frequency OF
the line and the high frequency of
surge; % it is the only arrester which
can be installed without series resist
ance: 90 it does not require any charging
or daily attention like the aluminium ar
roster: CO. the condenser is the only ar
roster which does not permit line current
to flow during the time it is dischargtng
the surge. beyond the charging current
which has a very low power factor and
flows continuously; CD the condenser Is
the only surge protective device which
modifes the wave form OF steep-fronted
waves
The condensers usually installed are
capable Of effecting a reduction In the
surge pressure Of 100.00O-cycle surge
10 OOOt Ol value duu vi a A'V0O'NN"
cycle per second surge to 0.o07 Of its
value.
Condenser protective gear for the pro-
lection of power systems. both large and
small. against surges Of all voltages and
frequencies has been in operation for
considerable number Of years with every
success Large numbers of instances are
on record where surges which have been
the cause Of repeated breakdowns and
Interruptions to the supply have been
rendered inocuous by condenser protec-
tive gear.
It must be borne in mind. however,
that no single device, be it a condenser.
aluminium arrester. multigap arrester.
Giles valve. or any other. will of itself
completely protect a system. One device
will protect against high voltage. another
will protect against high frequency, but
no single one will protect against all.
While the condenser is the only one
which protects against excess pressures
OF high frequency and against steep wave
front, with It must be installed q com.
Elementary device to protect against
surgss Of low frequency but high voltage.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17

THE conductivity Of metals has long
been attributed to electrons in the
interior. These electrons act in
a gas enclosed within a hollow body
having the same surface as the actual
conductor. According to Professor A.
Righi in a remarkable paper, read at the
Milan meeting Of the Associazione Elet
trocecnica Italiana, these electrons, there
fore, will obey the same laws as ions and
if a conductor be placed in a magnetic
field. the electronic bombardment will
produce a torque. That this is exactly
the torque actually observed when a cur
rent-conveying conductor is placed in
magnetic field. is the conclusion Of Pro-
fessor Righi.
Professor Righi has discovered that If
the residual gases in an exhausted glass
vessel is ionised, the ions will by their
bombardment set in rotation a delicately
mounted rotor, provided that magnetic
field be established along the axis Of this
rotor. This phenomenon has been named
by its discoverer "iono-magnetic rota-
ton"
The explanation given is that in a uni
form magnetic field ions trace a helical
path. the direction Of motion depending
ou Tue sisu VI tHe pdIllCieS l1euCc, ~uou
an aoinised gas is traversed by a mag
netic field, the ions, instead Of moving
in a straight line after each collision
with the molecules or with each other,
move along helical arcs.
The result is that when they ultimately
collide with the lightly-mounted rotor,
the negative ions produce torque in one
direction, and the positive ions in the
other. and the actual rotation observed
is due to the difference in the two op-
posite impulses. When the angular mo-
mentum of the positive ions is in excess,
the rotation Of the rotor is in the same
sense as that Of the current producing
the magnetic field. Similarly, II the con-
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17

attain a magnitude sufficient to make
themselves noticed by the operation Of
the overload relays or by the breakdown
of the plant.
Electrical voltage surges occurring in
alternating current systems are due to
four principal causes: (a) resonance, (b)
switching. (c) arcs and sparks, (d) light
ming effects.
Originally devised to cope with light
ming effects. protective devices against
voltage surges have been Influenced in
their development by the rapid increase
in size of electrical power systems which
has necessitated the installation of appa-
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17

The reason is that owing to the cheap
er methods of production. in which cheap
labor is a large factor, the dyes can be
made abroad cheaper than at home, even
when the basic material is imported
from America A high protective tariff
wall would have to be thrown around
the baby American industry. Otherwise,
foreign colors would sell In America for
less than the home product.
II present market prices for dyes we're
to hold good there is no doubt about
financial success which might be
achieved, but to establish a permanent
industry it is necessary to figure on nor
NAL prices and normal conditions. In
the first place some idea of the extent
to which our production OF dyes might
be extended can be obtained from the
import figures Of the country. These 1g-
ures show imports of dyes. colors, etc.
at a value Of about $12.o00,o00.
There are about one thousand differ
ent products included in this total and in
order to make home production complete
in supplying domestic consumers 1t
would be necessary to produce all OF
these various colors. This at once pre-
sents a difficulty which would make
thorough output Of dyes in this country
q matter I0QOtc llmc anu IL SSi NSo ="
check the ardor OF investors.
Considerable progress has been made
in recent months in the manufacture OF
dyes and intermediates in this country.
This expansion no doubt would be still
more pronounced had the explosives
trades been less insistent in their de-
mands for benzol. toluol and kindred
products The precedent thus established
is encouraging. and certain colors In
general use will be produced here IN
comparatively large amounts during the
year to come.
While It is premature to say that any
specific dye will be produced in the
future by domestic plants. yet it Is true
that constructive steps have been taken
to relieve the shortage of foreign-made
goods. and with the experience gained
1t may be possible for the branches thus
started to carry on indefinitely. To
narrow domestic production to the mate
rials in greatest demand and which are
most adaptable to home production
seems to offer the most practical way for
entering in earnest on the manufacture
of dyes in this country.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17
New X.RayTube
IS HAR MLESS
THE danger to the operator from

THE danger to the operator from
X-ray burns is almost entirely elimi-
mated in a tube invented by a Ger
man. Professor Zehmder. The ordinary
X-ray tube emits in all directions and
must be surrounded by screens Of metal,
except in the direction in which their
action is expected.
In the German professorS tube, the
cathode Of magnesia. covered by tungsten.
is insulated by a large block Of porcelain
from the metal wall of the tube. which
serves as anode and anticathode. The
pencil of X-ray escapes through Q small
window of glass aluminium.
Even at the highest vacua this tube
produces very strong X-rays Of any de-
sired hardness. The tube IL free from
the risk of breakage. and It is very safe
to operate. When 1t is connected to earth
It can be handled freely.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17
Twilight Sleep
lsNOW USED in
OPERATIONS
ofAIINATURES

HLD-TIME anesthetics do not pre-
vent pain. they merely render the
patient unconscious of it. The
pain is there and is just as destructive
of the sufferers strength as though he
felt 1t. Pain is injurious, whether felt
or not, SO the object of modern surgery
is to prevent or localize pain so that its
destructiveness will be as limited as
possible. So twilight sleep is coming into
general use for all kinds of surgical
operations. With the application of this
new and wonderful anesthetic, the nerves
that carry pain are blocked and the pain
is localized
Twilight sleep is condition of semi
consciousness caused by the deadenng Of
the nerves in the vicinity of the body to
be operated on. With the old anesthetics
the patient was put into such sound
slumber that the pain could not be felt.
but it was present nevertheless. burning
up the PATIENTS strength and lowering
his vitality. Pain acts something like
high tension electricity. which burns out
fuses
Surgeons now frd that recovery is
hastened through the application OF
twilight sleep in any kind OF serious
operation. The ratient'S strength is
conserved For this reason, twilight
slaep is coming to he used in general
practice.
Trin!!. hospital. New York, was one
OF IT,, first institutions to generalize with
tw;Iight sleeD. hut many other institu-
t!cns and eminent surgeons are now do
ing likewise. So successful have been the
Trinity surgeons with twilight sleep that
in tHe annual report recently issued sew
eral chapters are devoted to the successes
crowning the general application Of
twilight sleep in surgical cases.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17
Invisible Troops

lNVISIBILITY may become the sixth arm
Of the French land service II Major Ko-
penhagen's invention for making troops
invisible to the enemy observed before
and above them is adopted by the general
staff. The invention has been submitted.
after trials beginning in April. 1913. at
St. Cyr. Information states that on
trial the new method made twenty-five
French soldiers on an open field so in
visible that an aviator circling over the
field at a height Of 1000 feet had to re-
port, at the end of twenty-four minutes
search, that he could not locate them.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17
Breakdowns in ELECTRIC Plants Due to SURGE.

q URGES are responsible for many Of
the breakdowns in large electric
power systems generally attributed
to defects in generators and transformers.
1t has been impossible to trace the causes
of many breakdowns. and when formerly
the generator or transformer was blamed,
it is now realized that the little known
and less understood surges are really the
cause.
Electric systems are never at rest
Surges Of some dimension or other are
continually passing to and fro along the
mains. but it is only occasionally they
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17
Many OBSTACLES in Way of
DEVELOPMENT of American
Domestic DYE INDUSTRY


huminous
20
I'm domest an
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17
Waterproof VEIL to
Protect Woman's Hat

AlILADY now has the opportunity to
M protect her hat from damage by
rain or snow. New York man
has secured patent on a veil and water
proof base fabric head covering. This 1t
is proposed to slip on over the hat at
any desired time or to be taken off and
rolled up in a little wad to be carried
in the vanity bag.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17

A NEW method Of manufacturing sui
"a phuric acid, for which advantages
are claimed. is suggested in
United States department Of agriculture
bulletin. The essential difference Of the
method is that the gases employed are
drawn downward through a spiral fue in
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17
Metals in Alaska

The annual statement on gold, silver.
and copper in Alaska for 1914 has Just
been issued BY the United States geo.
logical survey. The value Of the total
output Of these three precious metals
for the year Aggregated $1SsS3k.S20.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17
Same Each Year

A STUDY OF the government weather
~ tables shows that in spite of early
or late spring just about the same
amount of rain and snow comes each
year and just about the same amount Of
summer sun baked days and nights.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17

A doctor points out that nearly all the
soldiers who suffer from battle shock are
young men Of twenty-one and twenty
two. We should not, he says, send out
men too young.
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17

A
he
American
battery
chlorine With
degrees while
safo
The Washington herald., 1915-10-17

The average farm family in Kansas
uses twelve loads Of corncobs a year for
heating and cooking.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-09-16

BEAUTIFUL
COMMUNITY CENTER
USE IN WISCONSIN.
Great Increase During Past Year In
Use of SchooIhouses.

Five hundred and nine schoolhouses
in Wisconsin We're used as community
centers in 1914-15 as against eighty-siX
so used in 1901, according to a report
compiled by Edward j.. Ward of the
social center bureau, University Of
Wisconsin extension division. Twelve
hundred and siXty-fve community
meetings were reported in the former
period, 9,O31 in the latter.
Five years ago only II principal had
undertaken the duties of the commu-
nifty secretaryship; last year 152 per-
formed such services. In 1910 Il dozen
SchOOlhouSeS were used as polling
places; in 1914-15 over 100 school build
ingS were so used. Not until 1854 is
any school principal reported as serving
i'll the capacity of voting clerk; last
year seventeen school principals did
this work.
Not q Schoolhouse in the state report
edgymnasium equipment in 1901; 100
are now thus equipped. Iifty-fve pub
lie school libraries We're in use in their
respective communities in 1910; now
40 such libraries are in use. Two doZ-
Ell young peoples organizations were
reported in the public schools in 1910;
over 200 such organizations are now
in existence.
No community secretaries were regu-
larly employed five years ago; last year
seven communities employed such Off
GERS.
These figures are taken from re-
sponscs received in answer to a Ques-
tionnaire sent out to 800 school princi-
pals throughout the state.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-09-16
Rubbish In City Parks.

A vigorous campaign has been in
stituted in New York city against the
throwing Of rubbish in city parks.
Mayor Mitchell, Police Commissioner
Woods and the park commissioners in
Stituted the crusade, and the city mag
lstrates have co-operatel, with good
results. Numbers of m~alefactors in
this respect have been admonished,
While others have been arrested and
lined. y great improvement has re-
suited, and the arrests now are few
and far between.
DR.. William Il. Hornaday, director of
Bronx Geological park, gives the fol
lowing testimony: .
For fifteen years we have been try
ing to educate the persons who come
to the geological park on Sundays into
the knowledge that the park was not
built for q big rubbish can. Now on
Monday the park employees can put
all the peanut shells into q silk hat
and the waste paper into a receptacle
just as small. The result is very sat
isfactory."
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-09-16
VACANT LOT IMPROVEMENT.
West PhiIadeIphians Made Playground
of Neglected Space.

How an unSightly vacant lot, StreWu
with tin cans and all manner Of refuse
and containing stagnant pools to breed
mosquitoes, quickly can be changed
into q playground to develop healthy
children and provide outdoor amuse-
ment for elders has been demonstrate,
ed by residents Of West Philadelphia.
The residents got together; they
formed the West Walnut Street Out
door association; they elected Off cers
then committees were named, and one
of these visited the owners of the va
cant lot. OF course the owners didn't
like the vacant ground to be an eye
sore. Would they permit the people to
turn it into 4 playground? Certainly!
Other committees solicited members
and funds and bought equipment. Now
there is q board fence around the lot,
the tin cans are gone, and SO are the
disease breeding pools. In their places
are to be seen tennis, croquet and
quoits courts, 22O yard running track,
swings, seeSaWs and other amusement
equipment. Sixty men Of the neigh
bOrhOod are subscribers to the up
keep, and 100 children are enrolled.
The members of the West Walnut
Street Outdoor association say they
haven't done anything wonderful. They
simply state that they cleaned up a
neighborhoOd disgrace and that people
in other sections can do the same If
they will only start in hustling. The
members wish 1t known that Director
Of Public Health Ziegler and Chief
Cornell helped them a lot in their
cleanup work.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-09-16
YOUNG FOLKS CORNER
Story Of G TiGress.

NaturulistS have frequently related
the suicide Of animals through grief.
Probably the oldest one of all is that
told by Dr.. Ezekiel Henderson, the
traveller, of Il tigrpSs whose cubs had
been taken from her by the agents of
one of the large circus menagcries of
the United States. The party came
upon the tigers den While hunting Asia
for exhibits. They took four cubs and
crossed q near by river with them, de-
Stroying the primitive tree trunk bridge
after they had reached the other side.
The tigress. returning and finding her
cubs gone, bounded by scent down to
stream. She knew Of the tree trunk,
having made use Of it herself before.
When she saw it was gone she uttered
the most piercing and lamentablc
bowls and cries. The party With her
cubs came back to the river bank, at
tracted by the noise. The tigress when
she saw her cubs gave vent to an un-
earthly shrek. Then. crouching. ris-
ing and recrouching again several
times, she deliberately sprang from
the river bank. The river was five
times wider than she could have been
expected to leap, and leaping animals
are close calculators. She fell twenty
five feet into the stream. She came
up once. turned toward the distant
shore. threw her head back and sank
for good. A clear case of suicide. the
doctor called it.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-09-16
Oriqin of Tea Drinkinu.

The Chinese claim to be the first
users Of tea as q drink. and how it orig
mated is told in Il legend that dates
from 1000 years before the coming of
Christ.
A daughter of the then reigning SOY
ereign fell in love with q young man
whose humble birth excluded him from
marrying her. They managed to ex-
change glances, and he occasionally
gathered Il few blossoms and had them
conveyed to her.
One day in the palace garden the
s~Weethearts met, and the young man
endcavored to give her Il few flowers,
but so keen was the watchfulness of
her attendants that all she could grasp
was Il little twig with green leaves.
On reaching the room she put the
tWig in water, and toward evening she
drank the water in which the twig had
been kept. So agreeable was the taste
that she even ate the leaves and stalks,
Every day afterward she had punches
Of the tea tree brought to her, which
she treated in the same way.
Imitation being the sinccrest form
of flattery, the ladies of the court tried
the experiment and with such pleasing
results that the custom spread through.
out the kingdom-and the great Chinese
tea industry became n of the great.
est businesses in the world.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-09-16
Cav CoIored Birds,

For gay coloring the pitta doncinna
of Borneo and Sumatra takes the lead.
it's feathers being every color of the
rainbow. The bird of paradise runs it
close and is in addition a dainty
dancer. One species of this digs Il
hole a foot in diameter, over which it
places crossed sticks, as for a Scottish
sword dance, and strews leaves and
rubbish over them, thus forming a
floor on which it dances a pas seul.
But the jacana and ypecaha. both spe-
cies Of the rail, a go one better. for
besides being splendid little dancers,
they provide their W music the
while.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-09-16
ORNAMENTAL WINDOW BOXES
Often Can Be Made to Atone For
Architectural lnconqruity.

SGI &c lndCG u Atone FOF
Architectural lncongruity.
a properly designed window box,
suitably planted With trailing vines
and 4 harmonious selection of colors,
can often be made to atone for Il vast
amount of architectural incongruity in
the house itself. Even in the most
Skillfully designed work the need for
some softenimy effects about the win,
doWs Il be felt. Aside from the
charming exterior effect of such an az
scent of the flowers add greatly to the
interior atmosphere of the house, while
the view from Il window is greatly en-
HANGED by being framed in by the
foliage of growing plants. Great care
should be taken to secure the boxes
from falling Oh passersby.
The window box may he made of
White pine, painted to withstand the
weather, or oak or chestnut stained,
strongly put together and braced, and
should be lined with copper or zinc
with suitable apertures for drainage.
IL SUI 10 lul tllcttlS lllo t!lc Ilctul
lined box so formed.
OF the planting it is enough to say
that there should be Il vine Of some
sort to hang over the edge. thus soften
ing the rigid lines Of the box, and
that the flowers selected should be
such as harmonic in color. Plants
which form constant masses of bloom
are best. 1t is we'll to provide several
flowers which blossom in rotation, thus
insuring a continuous effect. Pansies,
heliotrope, giant %mignonette, myrtle
and similar plants are suitable for
small boxes, while foXglove, SALIVA and
digitalis may be grown in the larger
ones. Geraniums are hardy and be-
cause Of their bright coloring and fra
GRANGE make an excellent combination
for the smaller window gardens.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-09-16
+
CITY
i.
CHILDREN'S GARDENS IN
A NEW YORK COUNTY,
Government Specialist Gives Some In
terestine Results of His Observations.

Or. G. ID. Jarvis, the government spe-
cialiSt in childrcn's quarters, recently
made Il our of inspection in West
chester county, \. y, under direction
of the federal bureau of education in
cooperation with the International
Child Welfare league.
"-Although some of the towns have
not vet been heard FROM said Dr.. Jar
Wis in commenting on his work, tho
present reports show that 3,GT1 school
children of the county have home gar
dcns and 1.0Ol other children have
plots either ut school or ON near by "a
cant land.
we now find that the boys and girls
are able to carry on much larger gar
den projects than we formerly believed.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-09-16

dropping OF the horn leaves Il small
circle of skull exposed. Within a week
this is covered with brown skin. Then
Il round knob appears. resembling Il
tomato except i'll color. 1t soon begins
to lengthen out into the horns which
are to ONE, the growth sometimes
amounting to nearly an inch in a day.
When soft and growing the horns are
full of blood. After they have reached
their full length they begin to harden.
BY October the velvet has been
off by rubbing against tree trunks, and
the horns are hard and smooth.