Evening star., 1915-04-25

been imported knockdown from Europe
The place is the site of a fish hatchery
modelled after those of the United
States. the fish being sent from there
to other parts of the republic
Gallegos is the capital of Santa Cruz
territory. 1t was named after the
pilot on one of MaGellan's ships, winch
called there at the time the straits
were discovered. about A. D. 1920. The
town has a population of 1900. 1t is
the chief port of the territory
The island of TERRA del Fuego was
once supposed to be barren and worth
less. but it now has some Of the great
sheep farms of the world. The western
part of it belongs to Chile. and the
eastern part to the Argentina Repnb-
lie. If you will draw a line directly
south from Cape Virgens. at the eastern
end of the strait of Magellan. it will
go along the boundary between the
two countries. The Argentine section
is known as the territory of TERRA
del Fuego. 1t is just about the size Of
Massachusetts, its area being $500
square miles, and it's shape is tri-
angle, bounded on the north and south
by the Atlantic ocean and on the west
by Chile.
There are regular steamers from
Bahia Blanca to the Strait of Magellan.
and once a month there is vessel to
TERRA del Fuego. The ship skirts the
eastern side of the island and goes
about it's southern boundary through
Beagle channel to Ushiaia, the capital
on the southern coast. The voyage
lasts about forty-ive days. and the
fare is just about 500. The ships call
at all of the ports along the coast of
Patagonia, and terminate the voyage
at UShiaia.
Cshiaia is the southernmost town of
the world. 1t is 1870 miles south of
Buenos Aires, one hundred miles or so
south of the Straits of Magellan. and
more than 1000 miles south of
the Cape of Good Hope The town
is a convict settlement and it has
large prison for habitual criminals
The penitentiary has a sawmill and
also workshops for locksmiths, carpen-
ters and shoemakers. 1t has foun-
dry, printing office and a bakery and
there is a quarry nearby where build
ing stone is gotten out for shipment
to the north The prisoners do the
work of the community. They make
the streets and build the houses. They
furnish electric lights by means of a
motor and dynamo worked by them
selves.
There are a few Indians living at
Ushiaia and others are scattered here
and there over Argentine TERRA del
Fuego. Altogether there are now less
than one thousand, and in time they
will pass away. When the white men
first came to this part of the world
10000 red men. These belonged to two
principal tribes. known as the Onas and
Yaghans They were savages. living
by hunting and fishing. They went al
most naked. but they were compare
lively healthy. Then came the mis-
sionaries. and with them came clothes.
and with clothes consumption. And so
some of the scoffers say that consump-
tion directly and the missionaries in
directly have killed off the Indians.
The Indians of Patagonia are also
fast disappearing. There are but few
of them between Punta Arenas and the
Gallegos river and you may travel for
miles through northern Santa Cruz and
in Chubut without finding one. There
are some in the mountains, and in the
wilder parts of the country occa-
sional family may be found. The Pat
agonian Indians are known as the Te-
huelches. They are said to be the larg-
est of the red race and have often
been written of as the giants of Pata-
gonia. Not long ago Prof. ]. b. Hatcher
of Princeton College made n expedl-
tion to study the geography and geol-
ogy of southern Patagonia. He esti-
mated that there were about 300 In
dians living between the Santa Cruz
river and the Strait of Magellan. He
measured many of them, and found
the average height of the men to be
five feet eleven inches and their av-
erage weight about It's pounds. The
women weighed about as much as the
men, and they were as well developed
physically. He said that race suicide
was common among them. He found