Evening star., 1915-03-14
CONFLICT
CALLED TWO WARS
Albert Bushnell Hart Says
Racial Differences Are
Not Cause.
DECLARES AGREEMENTS
DO NOT PROTECT U. S.
Should Not Depend on Isolation,
Either, to Maintain Neutrality,
Speaker Declares.

The contest in Europe is not a war.
1t Is two wars. declared Prof. Albert
Bushnell Hart Of Harvard, in the course
Of a lecture on What Americans Have
Learned From the European War;" de-
livered before an audience that crowd
ed the chapel of Howard University
last night. Prof. Kelly Miller of the
department of sociology presided
One of the two basic conflicts, in the
opinion of Prof. Hart. is between Eng
land and Germany for sea power. and
the other Is between Russia and Ger
many for the possession of Constanti-
nople. Racial differences are not the
causes Of these two wars, Prof. Hart
declared.
Called Kind Of Joke.
I'VE read about Teuton against Slav
and Slav against Teuton." commented
Prof. Hart. That is a kind of joke.
Half the people in northern Germany
are of Slav descent. It is an absolute
piece Of assumption to claim that the
Teutons and the Slavs cannot live side
by side We may as we'll dismiss as a
prime cause of the conflict the neces-
sity of protecting Europe from Eu-
ropeans."
The question of large bodies of a
different race being absolutely in
closed in another country, the speaker
characterized as a real cause of the
war and likened the situation to that
which would prevail if all the Germans
in the United States were gathered into
one state and all the Irish into an
other, and SO on with the various peo-
pies of various deScents that go to
make up the population Of the United
States.
Value Of Treaties.
mo small power. nor large power.
can defend itself behind a paper
treaty." was one of the things which
Prof. Hart declared Americans should
learn from the conflict to date. IF
there ever was a treaty that looked
binding, the speaker declared, 1t was
the treaty or series of treaties on
which Belgium relied.
The United States. the speaker as
serted. Is a neighbor to every country
that has a seaport, and should not rely
on Its apparent isolation to maintain its
neutrality.
I'VE. as a nation. of all nations on
earth, are not protected by previous
agreements. There is no authority or
weight In treaty that will protect us.
SELF
Modern Methods Of War.
The speaker dwelt at length on the
modern methods Of warfare, reviewing
the use Of strenches, submarines and
airships.
ut is an amazing fact that men
should have been at war for thousands
Of years without discovering the mill
tary value Of hole in the ground!"
said Prof. Hart. speaking Of trenches,
which he declared largely responsible
for the deadlock that exists in martial
operations in Europe. Afrships, nre-
venting the surprising of any large
army by a hostile force. and the use
of range finders. Prof. Hart also gave
a share in the credit for the deadlock
The submarines have not decided the
issue, in his opinion, nor are they like
ly to.
"As means OF making a populace
wrathful. however" he said, ''the Yep
pelins have been a great success
Defends Course Of d. 8.
Prof. Hart strongly defended the
course Of the United States in its prin-
ciple of neutrality. and declared that
a country has as much right to be
peaceful as 1t has to go to war. For
England to call the North sea a war
area, and for German submarines to