davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1915-01-27
WHY ELECTRIC LIGHT
BILLS ARE HIGHER
Shortest Days Make Largest Bills
Increase Of Dark Hours Necessi-
fafnc NfS.r1 ErI...n% ,.:.,5s II -. 4 s@s


Increase Of Dark Hours Necessi-
tates More Electric Light.
This is the season of the year
when the irate householder rushes
down to the electric light office and
complains about his bill.
just take a look at that!' shouted
one complainant as he slammed the
bill down on the cashiers window.
Its twice as much as it was in Sep
TENDER when ] had a house full Of
company and just the three of us all
alone last month, eh?n
The cashier took look as he
smiled.
''of course he nodded, 1Quite
naturally
Quite naturally, chi" snorted Mr..
Householder, Il suppose if I burned
candles Your bill would be just,
IF you burned candles your bill
would be exactly the same proper
ton interrupted the cashier. 1That
is you would burn about twice as
many candles in December as YOU did
in September
Then the cashier took down a little
chart, handed it to the customer and
began to explain.
Just suppose you went to bed at.
nine o'clock every night in the year.
In September the sun sets at 600 D.
N. and it is dusky at 6:2O p. M, so
YOU have to turn on the electric lights
at that hour. This means you would
have to burn the lamps two hours
and forty minutes before retiring. At
the end Of the month you would burn
the lamps a total Of eighty-two hours.
Now December is the darkest month
Of the year, the sun sets at 4 :49 p. m.
and it begins to get dark or dusky at
1922 p. M, so you have to light the
lamps. This makes total of nearly
six hours a day or It's hours for the
month. So, you see, the hours for
December lamplight are twice as
many as in September
Here, stamp that bill paid and
give me tn change" interrupted the
man. Z guess I see your point
"Take the chart with you," an
sWered the clerk.
The chart shows that June is the
lightest month Of the year. If one
went to bed at nine o'clock the lamps
would be necessary for only 40 min
utes day or 20 hours a month. On
this same nightly schedule of going
to bed at nine the hours Of darkness
per month would be as follows: Jan
uary, 157 hours; February, lis hours;
March, SO hours; April, IS hours;
May, 81 hours; June, 20 hours; July,
26 hours; August, so hours; Septem-
ber, 50 hours; October, 1T hours;
November, 152 hours; December, IT'S
hours.
During the summer months dusk
follows 45 minutes after sunset, ow-
ing to the sloping path Of the sun be-
meath the horizon: On the other
hand, during the winter months
clouds and mists often obstruct the
suns disk so that even long before
the sun has sunk below the horizon
the illumination in the sky has fallen
to a value comparable to that of the
summer twilight above referred to.
1t is this effect, often overlooked,
which contributes to the purely as
Economical effect of the shortening
days.
p
Everybody has something to adver-
tise. The Sheaf Want Ads are the
best and the cheapest way.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1915-01-27
Spruce Valley, linn, 915.

Editor Sheaf: I see in an editorial
in the Sheaf of Jan 6, that Congress
man STEVENSON had taken fall out
of President Wilson, as he, Wilson,
had charged that a war tax was nee
lessary because imports had decreased
owing to the war. And you say that
a war tax without a war does not
sound well. Now, Mr.. Editor, il
there is no war now the newspapers
have been very big liars for the last
four or five months. And most Of the
people in the United States think that
Mr.. Wilson knows what he is talking
about.
I am aware that Mr.. Stevenson
and most Of his political party feel
very sore because Mr. Wilson was
elected president but they will have
to grin and bear it for one and per-
haps two terms; but right here want
it understood that I am not a demo-
crat or a republican, but vote for the
candidate / think is best fitted for the
office he is after.
As Mr.. Steenerson's party lost in
the last presidential election, why
cant he give it up like the rest of us
have to when we can't get our man
elected, and not be kicking like a
mule forever about it. "A lot Of peo-
pie did not like it when Taft was
elected but had to grin and bear it
until another election came around
and then, we'll you know the rest, and
so does Mr.. Stevenson.
w. H. Ingalls,.
Ed: We think our worthy CORE
spondent will admit that the United
States is Eat peace with all the world
and on good terms with the rest Of
mankind" as one president wrote in
his message. That being the case,
why should there be a war tax unless
for the reason that the governm ent's
income is not sufficient to meet the
expenditures. And the lack Of rev
enue is not altogether on account Of
reduced imports on account Of the
war, but rather because the imports
do not produce the revenue owing to
tariff reduction. The governments
income would have been short, war
or no war in Europe, but that war
came in very handy to shoulder the
blame onto for this condition of af-
fairs.
We think President Wilson and the
democratic party can stand being
called to time once in while by Mr..
STEVENSON and other republicans. It
will not hurt them to be shown the
weak points in their program and in
their arguments. That's why we
have two great parties for, so that
the one may point out the mistakes
of the other. The president himself
is not slow to lambast the republic
cans. Have you read his late Indi-
annapolis speech where he stated that
the republicans have not had one new
idea in the last thirty years Don't
you think that Mr.. Wilson claimed
just little bit too much, even if he
spoke as historian and not a
politician, as he claimed he did ? It
seems to US that he spoke as a rank
partisan, although perhaps, it was in
tended mostly for democratic con-.
sumption. The Sheaf for one is will
ing to give President Wilson all the
credit he is justly entitled to, but we
do not consider either him or his par
ty infallible.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1915-01-27
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR.
Owing to the high price Of flour,
bakers find it necessary to make the
loaf Of bread smaller and the hole in
the doughnut bigger.

Severe fighting on land, sea and in
the air are the latest developments in
the great European war. Honors are
about even as far as reports go, the
advantage if any, being with the
Germans.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1915-01-27

Q. I. G. gifts bred for April and
May farrow. They are the big,
groWthy kind that make great pro-
ducers. Guaranteed safe in pig.
Prices reasonable.
Come and look them over.
MUNGER & SON.
Breeders and Shippers of
The Famous Q. !. C. Swine,
Warren, MINI.
Jan: &c. J. Smith purchased aHs
O. I. G. boar.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1915-01-27
AGRICJJI i UJR "A L NOTES
BY 9. N'e ], 4.

The manager Of the Warren Farm
ers operative Shippers Associa-
ton, Elmer Johnson, reports that this
association has been doing a business
to the amount of $4,000. This is a.
very good beginning and in a couple
of years this amount will treble. 1t
beats the old way. Buyers can now
be shippers. The manager studies
the markets and gives the farmers
the advantage. Expenses are cut
down and the results are better all
around. All who have been doing
business with this organization are
we'll pleased and are not willing to go
hack to the old way Of marketing
their stock.
The Minnesota Farmers Institute
Annual No. ~ is out and may be had
by applying to the Extension Division
of the University It discusses the
farm home ina very able way. The
farmers clubs would do we'll in send
ing for enough of these to furnish
one for each member.
The boys Of McCrea met and or
gained a corn club on Wednesday of
last week with a membership Of over
80. The following were elected offic..
ers:
Harry Morkassel, Pres; Milton
Warner, Vice Pres; and Anton John
son, Sec.-Treas.
These boys are planning to do
things next summer and they have
for their object to improve them
selves, their farm homes and their
farm communities, and to promote an
Intelligent growing Of corn in Nc
Crea township. Will you, fathers and
mothers, encourage these boys in
their noble efforts in any way you
possibly can?
How | Made My Crop of Corn.
By Donald CRANE GIG yrs. old).
I planted Minnesota No. % which
was furnished me by the Warren
High School. After I received the
corn I tested it by the rag doll meth
cd. I took four kernels from each
ear and the kernels were taken in a
spiral shape, from bottom to top. It
tested 100 per cent.
The acre that / selected for my
corn plot was hear grove, the grove
sheltering it on the west. Barley
had been grown on this land the pre-
vious year. The ground was fall
plowed. AS soon as the snow was
gone. in the spring I fortified the
land lightly with five loads of barn
yard manure. Then disced the land
so as to mix in the fertilizer. The
corn was planted May 10Th. I checked
it in, planting from 8 to 4 kernels in
the hill, and before planting rolled
the land with four horse roller SO as
to make a firm seed bed. In few
days the corn came up and ] had a
good even stand. cultivated It for
the first time on June first. fused
a shovel cultivator until the corn was
about two feet high and then used
"a Tower surface cultivator. After
the first cultivation the Canada this
ties came up SO thick that I had a
hard time to keep. them down. When
the corn was too tall to cultivate any
more, I dragged between the rows
with a section Of a harrow which did
excellent work in keeping down the
thistles.
On account Of the warm weather
the corn ripened early and was way
ahead of the frost. On September
10Th, with the help Of Mr.. Neral Of
the Warren High School / checked up
the yield of 81 bushels. took ten
Of my best ears to the Marshall coun-
ty fair and took first prize in a CON
test Of fifty-eight boys who made en-
tries.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19
PREPARATORY WORK FOR WIN
" TER

What about the winter window gar.
den?
Now is the time for much work that
cannot be delayed.
Many old plants should be now dts
carded and new ones started.
Do not let the geraniums get leggy.
Pinch into shape.
Pinch out all buds from plants IN
tended for the window garden.
Clean, scour, sun and put in place
the pots for winter. Have every yes
sci clean.
Use charcoal in your drainage.
Dead Goals from wood ashes are %
good as any.
Repot all plants needing it, cutting
back severely. Don't try to keep ev.
erything.
Drops Of water must net stand on
the gloxinia, a. water will rot 1t.
For winter blooming get dormant
tuberous-rooted begonias; give each
tuber pot by itself. 4.
The Zanzibar balsam - Impatiens
Sultana-is always in bloom, always
beautiful. easily cared for. A fine win
dow plant. 4, + @r-i%
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19
Stewed Shoulder Of Mutton.

S@S"0O ouVVS00U q "0SSVIs
Choose q small shoulder Of mutton,
as lean as possible, have all the bones
removed and broken up, and roll up
the shoulder very tightly; put In .
saucepan one or two sliced carrots.
two medium-sized onions with two
cloves in one of them, ~ pints OF
stock made from the bones, bunch
Of herbs and q rind Of bacon; put In
the shoulder, cover down, and place
the pan over a good fire, bring it to
the boil, then draw the pan to ono
side and let the contents simmer very
gently for three to four hours; when
half cooked turn the shoulder, when
cooked lift 1t out and keep it hot.
Skim the gravy, strain It, put 1t back
in the pan with the shoulder and let
them simmer for another ten minutes.
or. If there is too much liquid, let the
simmering continue for q; short time
longer. The vegetables should be care
fully, saveds fors. II they are .passed
through q sieve they make an excel
lent soup, with the addition Of a little
stock. so that nothing need be Wasted.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19
TO MAKE WITH cHEsTNuTs
Variety Of Good Things That VIII %
Appreciated by Those Fond %
the Edible.

Chestnuts are liked by almost every
body, although they are sometimes
found tndigestible. II they are boiled,
they are easily digested. This 10 .
good way to boil them: Cut each
chestnut with cross on the stem end.
and tie them in piece Of cheesecloth
or put them in q cheesecloth bag. Boil
them until tender In sailed water.
Then serve them with butter and salt.
as they are. or prepare them more
deliberately.
Chestnut custard is q delicious des-
sert,. and can be made either from
roast or boiled chestnuts. Remove
the shells and skins, from the cooked
chestnuts--a pound and q half Of
them. Rub them through sieve and
mix with cupful Of butter. to .
paste. Add the yolks of six eggs beat
en- creamy. three-quarters Of cup
full Of powdered sugar and half cup
full of cream, whipped stiff. Then fold
IN lightly the whites Of the eggs, beat
en- stiff, and heat in . double boiler
N1AsA - SAAShOAo. Nv uOt O0AA' SAAAs
thoroughly before serving.
For chestnut salad, boil 20 chest
nuts. as directed above, and drop into
cold water to harden. Then peel and
cut into pieces the size of the chest
nut quarters. Serve with French
dressing on crisp leaves of lettuce.
Chestnut souf1e calls for a pint II
cooked chestnuts rubbed through .
sieve. Thicker six tablespoonfuls Of
hot milk with four level tablespoon
fuls of -four rubbed smooth with two
Of butter. Add the yolks of three
eggs beaten. two tablespoonfuls OF
sugar. and stir in lightly the stin
whites OF four eggs. Bake 20 miu-
utes. ~ -g0t.
Sor chestnut pudding boil q. pound
and half of chestnuts and work them
to paste. Cream half cupful Of
butter with half a cupful Of sugar
and add the beaten yolks of six eggs
stiff and fold them in lightly. Pour
in . buttered mold and steam for
an hour and serve with q sweet pud-
ding sauce. 81
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19

often enough to keep II clean and san,
itary. ss1f t,ra ar''. @"
1t is better to run the bedding
through the cutting box, especially for
sows with small pigs; but it pays to
cut the bedding for other hogs. be.
cause the short lengths Of straw get
scattered around the floor and absorb
liquid manure much better than long
straw. 81,
We are learning the value of liquid
manure from numerous experiments
at the various agricultural experiment
stations, and we are often surprised
at the splendid results.
Winter hog houses for breeding
stock are rooted somewhat differently
from other farm buildings. 1t Is de-
sirable to have the sun shine into the
nests at narrowing time. This perspec-
tive shows that the roof Of this hog
house is pitched to catch the rays OF
the sun at the proper angle during the
fall and spring narrowing seasons, at
about AZ degrees Of latitude.
The size Of this winter hog house Is
80 by "a feet. The pens are nearly
6 by 9 feet. which is considered about
right for SOW and her litter.
Such pens also are large enough to
hold four or five shoats tor fattening
in early winter. Four or five growing
hogs will live together in pen with.
out injury to each other. but larger
number are likely to pile up to keep
warm and the smaller ones are in dan
ger of being smothered. Such losses
rarely occur when the number 10 linn
tied to five. especially when they are
practically the same in size. There Is
no criticism against making small pens
in a winter hog house.
Ventilation Is another necessity In a
close-built hog house. This plan pro-
vides ten windows and seven doors. all
or any Of which may be opened to let
the fresh air in and the foul air out.
While ventilation is necessary in hog
house 4 draft Is a bad thing. To pre-
vent drafts the sill is imbedded on the
top of the wall in fresh cement NOR
tar; the mortar is troweled against tho
stills both inside and outside. A draft
coming through under the sill 10 just
the right height to do the most dam
age.
The wooden walls above the stills
are made carefully by using building
paper on the studding and the paper
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19
ORCHIDS CURIOUS PLANTS
BY e. VAN sENrHuYsEN.

Orchids are curious plants, even the
simplest orchids Of the indigenous
type, which belong to the same group
as TILES. palms and grasses but differ-
ing in their SNOWY. highly-colored dow
ers of diverse shapes. Possibly there
Is no flower admired more and under
stood less.
The known species of orchids num-
Der 5000, which are included In 400
genera. The diligent search that has
been made for these plants in every
country in the world for cultivation
purposes and on account of their great
beauty 10 undoubtedly responsible for
the great number of known varieties.
Some Of the orchids are terrestrial
that is, they grow with their roots
In the ground-but the greater number
are epiphytes-"air plants
on trees and shrubs, but receiving no
nourishment from them.
1t, is strange fact that orchids
while supposed to grow in tropical
climates only are grown-beautiful
specimens of them-tn the neighbor-
hood of snow. Rational methods of
cultivation have developed leading to
the separation Of orchids in three
kinds Of greenhouses, according to-
temperatures maintained in them-hot
houses, temperate houses and cold
houses.
There are some artificially produced
hybrids,s wonderful creations In shape,
which differ greatly from both parents.
On account of the difficulty of their
production these beautiful plants com.
mand fabulous prices. Thousands Of
dollars have been paid for beautiful
specimens. Once created, however,
these hybrids may be propagated in
definitely by dividing the root.stock
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19
Dutch Stew.

Use two pounds OF stew beet, cut
up raw Into small pieces. one-haif can
tomatoes. one can of peas. one onion
cut up fine. one small carrot cut
fine, four whole cloves. one-fourth cup
full taptoca, one-fourth cupful Of bread
crumbs, salt and pepper to taste. Put
ali in q bean pot or deep casserole.
cover with water and bake (covered)
for four hours. A delicious and con.
venient dish when one IL to be busy
or away from home till meal time.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19

soncrete by first digging q trench, for
the outside walls. deep enough to 60
below frost: @.-. T.
There are also four concrete piers
on each side of the center alley.
These piers are the foundations for.
the posts that support the roof; the
same posts answer for divisions be-
tween the individual pens.
The outside concrete wall reaches
all the way round the building and
extends up to the low caves at the
back. This is to make solid concrete
wall protection against the cold north
winds. >y:t ; j. gr,....' -, ID.
At the front and at the ends Of the
building the concrete reaches only
about eighteen inches above grade.
The entire hog house floor area is GOV:
cred with concrete surfaced with &C.
ment mortar to make 1t water.tight.
There is q slope to the alley floor
and depression through the center.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19
.OUTFIDE Pms

not deep enough to form a gutter but
sufficient to collect the water after
cleaning. and to lead 1t out through
the back or farther door. e..
Y The floors Of the pens are sloped 30
they drain into the Center alley and
the manure is taken out this way by
means Of manure carrier. The In.
tention is to use some kind Of stable
absorbent to take care, Of the liquid
manure and the slop water that col.
lects around the troughs. The drain
through the center alley IL for ;remoy'
ing wash water when the pens are
washed out with the hose. Some damp
ness accumulates around the feeding
troughs with the most careful manage
ment. The easiest outlet 10 In front.
In practice this plan works the best
because It keeps the dampness away
from the nests 1t is ii plain sight
where tho men are likely to be remind.
ed Of the necessity Of keeping the
house clean. This arrangement keeps
the bedding dry with little labor.
All concrete hog house floors should
have raised wooden platforms for the
nests. These platforms should be made
Of matched boarding nailed to 2x4's
turned on edge. Each nest should
have d rail off2x4's to keep the, bed:
ding in place and this rail should be
set In from the edge Of the door about
three inches, to form g step for little
pigs. The nests should be movable
for easy cleaning.
n II is common practice to raise the
nests above the floor q cleaning time
81 placing them on top Of the division
fences. They are then entirely out O.
the way 81 cleaning. 80 4 thorough
lob may ~ done Sometimes perma.
nent cleats afe nailed 70 the walls 70
hold ths nests when liftsd. The bed
ans. of coufse should t. FsneWsd
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19
Green Peppers In oil. r

Sweet green peppers. breadcrumbs.
good olive oil. Cut the peppers down
one side and remove the seeds, pith
and stem. Fill them with stale bread
crumbs, slightly sailed and peppered
II the green peppers are not hot. Tie
up each pepper with a bit Of clean
cord or coarse thread and fry them
in the oil when it is boiling hot, keep
ing the lid on the chatting dish all the
while. 81 -s
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19


naments which our household has out.
grown. which will be appreciated in
some other home and will lessen the
burden of things to care for in our
own homes.
The modern home of the efficient
! housekeeper today is simple, because
she cares more for the things worth
while than to spend her time in dust.
ing useless ornaments and compli-
Gated furniture. Woodwork in the
home should be plain, so that there is
no place for dust to lodge. This need
not sacrifice beauty, for the lines
may be just as beautiful If simple.
When making new comforters the
wool batting Is much warmer and
lighter and makes an altogether more
satisfactory comforter than the cot.
ton batting. The cost is an item to
be considered, of course, as an ordi.
nary comforter takes two pounds Of
the wool and. costs IS or 80 cents a
pound. The wool batting should be
covered with thin cheesecloth which
keeps the wool from pushing through
the cover and also protects 1t as the
outside may then be removed and
washed or new cover put on.
Light, washable draperies for bed
rooms, small rugs and floors so
finished that an oil mop will keep
them clean and dustless, are the SEN
sible and practical as we'll as the
most economical furnishings.
' Furs and underwear should be
brought out, well brushed and aired
before wearing; even If moth balls are
not Objectionable to you, there are
Others" The odor of moth balls in
a crowded car or heated room, is
something too sickening to mention;
no wonder any self-respecting moth
would refuse to occupy the same
quarters. Clothing that Is aired often
and worn occasionally is not apt to
become q harbor for moths. Furs
wrapped in ordinary newspaper, using
care to cover securely, Is one Of the
best ways of keeping f,lrs from moths.
If
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19
kentuekv ScaiIoped Potatoes.

Kentucky ScaIIopeo Fotatoes.
Slice potatoes. and lay in the water
half an hour. Place layer of pota.
toes in a well. buttered baking dish,
sprinkle with pepper, salt and pieces
of butter: repeat the process until
there lie sufficient Quantity. Pour over
this enough milk to cover and bake
an hou. and a half or until the pota-
toes are thoroughly cooked. If onions
are liked with the potatoes. alternate
layers may be used.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-11-19

and sides in masses, and Towering
plants. such as the smaller ANIMALS
and perennials, should be set in bOr-
ders at the outer edge Of the lawn or
along the base OF the house.
: Some shrubs and vines may 20
placed in angles around the house or
porch to simplify and soften the az.
.rtcultural lines and make the dwelling
harmonic with its natural surround
ings. ..@ u q
4 Above all do not place a flowerbed
or q rosebush right in the center Of
the lawn to destroy its unity, or USE
fulness as a pleasure ground for walk
ing or playing.
Let the lawn be free, open, and
sweeping In extent, place where
wholesome flooding sunlight pours the
whole day long, and where million
,dewdrops glitter with iridescence un-
der the morning sun. 53