davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06

prizes are offered in the sums of
$50, $15, $3.50, S., and So so, total
of $50.
The competition is open to amateurs
only. One subject only may be en-
tered by each competitor. Two prints
OF the subject must be sent. No
writing of any kind shall appear on
any of the prints submitted. Names
and addresses of competitors must
accompany prints but on separate
sheets OF PAPER. Judgment will be
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06

willing to pay handsomely for pic
lures illustrative of the Southwest for
reproduction in the newspapers of Eli
Paso and of the country at large.
To get such pictures as can be used
for the purpose indicated the Chamber
of Commerce has inaugurated an anna
teur Photographic contest which is
open to any photographer in Arizona,
New Mexico, West Texas, as far east
AS Abilene or Del Rio, and Old Next
co, as far south as Torreon. Cash
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06
pRILLINel FOR OIL IN. PLAYAs

Griggs brothers and Company are
drilling for oil in the Playas Valley
in southern Grant County,N. M.The
well is located in what is known as
Playas Lake, and is down $50 feet
at the present time. Reports from the
field are to the effect that the rig has
developed a large quantity of water
which is at times unmanageable. The
outfit is protected by high embank-
ments built at the lake. Two shifts are
engaged in the drilling and every eff
fort is being made to get the well
down to a good depth. The operators
seem to be in earnest and are going
after their aim to prove the existence
of OIL
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06
TROUBLE AT TWIN PEAKS.

Deputy Sheriffs Oscar Allen and Robt.
McCarty went to the Twin Peaks
camp In Grant county "A few miles fr'n
tie A.;A "a stars line. Wednesday
li,nv ~ calle1 there wing 10 brew
4. rble amons the employees al the
e.ril vi ether rne t-lul lC was i'll the
nature of a strike has not been learned
-Lordsburg Liberal.
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06

rendered on subject, excellence of
work and suitability of the photo
graph for use by the Chamber of Com
merce in the prosecution of it's publ
city campaign. Mayr Tom Lee, and
Burt Orndorff, president of the Ell
PaSo Chamber of Commerce, and a
professions lphOtogra pher, with no in
terest in the competition, will act as
judges.
The Ell Paso Chamber of Commerce
has adopted the motto that anything
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06
TO VOTE AGAIN
ON. TIE. HANeINes

PHOENIX, Ariz., July 31.-More
than enough names have been fled
in the secretary of states office to
place the question of the abolish
ment Of capital punishment before
the voters at the next general cleo
ton A total of $3.50 names has
been obtained, the required number
being SOL.
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06
Hos0 to Find 'tyours'',

To avoid blindly trying too many different cigarettes
ask yourself, first of all, this question:
"Jlst zOhat do lake in cigarette?"
If you smoke only few every day. you may prefer
cigarette which is rather rich heavy and oily Or
you may like which has rather strong "oriental'
taste with pungency almost like perfume. Or you NAV
want cigarette with that notceaby 'sweetish Egyptian
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06

which advertises any part OF the
southwest advertises or rebounds to
the advantage of FL Paso and has en-
tered upon a Southweswide campo On
of advertising of which this amat eur
photo contest is but one step. The
contest will close at midnight, August
Is.
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06

flavor But if you smoke quite often-f you would like
to smoke whenever feel like and without any effect
on the tongue throat fear of heavy 'heady
feeling aerwards-then you should choose cigarette
such as Fatma cigarette composed of apure tobaccos
OF considerable meowed by being aged and
fully blended to produce fragrant and whoesomely mild
yet uN6oded, smoke. And the smoke must be notice
ably COOL For otherwise your tongue your throat
will soon signal you to stop smoking often.
If you will ask any Fatima smoker he will tell you
that Fatmas make him ''fee mean''-no matter
how many he smokes.
That is why Fatimas considered the most sensible
cigarette by such large majority of smokers. Ind
RAT IS probably the main reason schy hardly any
FGtsmd smokers eoer ccM They like sensible cigarette
and one with good, pure taste to it.
But the Taste Is Up to You
All cigarettes pure but when comes to the TASTE
nobody can help you choose. You simply have decide
for yourself Tdfe-f ,, rf-s
VI course, Eatima,s taste agay not appeal to
they seek Fatimas could never have
~on and heId their enormous and growing leadership
amounting to over one and half BILLION cigarettes
year. '~+''aef eft - . <.'.F-
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06

The Solomon Commercial company's
store at Stafford was robbed of $500 90
worth of merchandise recently.
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06

Ell PASO, August 1.-The Ell Paso
Chamber Of Commerce Is anxious to
get supply of photographs for adver-
Using purposes and not only wants
something out Of the usual order but
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06
CHANCE FOR AMATEUR
PHOTOGRAPHER

Chamber of Commerce of FL ?aso Is
Offering Prizes for Southwestern
Scenes.
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06

SOmerhere-anong all the brands on the markets. the
enc just-vight cigarette for YOUI "' 49, :
Maybe it's the very you have now in your
pocket-6ut goa SUlRE?. Maybe it's some entirely
different cigarette-itm may may not be Fatna-
But find itl'' Until you do you're cheating your
self out of whole lot of pleasure. Also you're
wasting some money.
The copper era and Morenci leader. [volume] (Clifton, Ariz.) 1911-1929, 1915-08-06

Tastes difer-in fashions foods and pretty girls
Also in cigarettes.
cigarette that started out to please every mans
taste would end up by pleasing none.
Most of like our cigarette smoke deciously cool
and refreshing The Mexican likes his hot and dry with
nice little peppery sting in it.
Some men like cigarette wholesomely, fragrantly
maid. Others of hunt for cigarette almost as heavy
as black cigar.
Most of us want "easy cigarette SENSIBLE
one, so that no matter how steadily how many we
smoke, well feel fit & fiddle Other men, though.
don't about that. They smoke only few-so they
want kick like mules in each puff
All ofus want smoke full bodied must sat;stv
that hunger But the cigarette that just fills the
bill for not do ct all for your neighbor
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
BEPRETTY!T TURN
GRAY HAIR DARK
TRY GRANDMOTHER'S OLD FA-
VORITE RECIPE OF SAGE TEA
AND SULPHUR.

Almost everyone knows that Sage
Tea and Sulphur, properly compound
ed, brings back the natural color and
lustre to the hair when faded, streak
ed or gray; also ends dandruff, itch
ingscalp and stops falling hair. Years
ago the only way to get this mixture
was to make it at home, which is mus
sy and troublesome Nowadays, by ask
ing at any drug store for "Wyeths
Sage and Sulphur Compound" you
will get a large bottle of this famous
old recipe for about so cents.
Don't say graz! Try it! No one
can possibly tel. that you darkened
your hair, as it does it so naturally
and evenly. You dampen a sponge or
soft brush with it and draw this
through your hair, taking one small
strand at a time: by morning the gray
hair disappears, and after another ap-
plication or two, your hair becomes
beautifully dark, thick and glossy.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
FRENCH REMEDY FOR
STOMACH TROUBLES

The leading doctors of France
shave for years used a prescription OF
vegetable oils for chronic stomach
trouble and constipation that works
like a charm. One dose will convince.
Severe cases of years standing are
often greatly benefited within "a
hours. So many people are getting
surprising results that we feel all
persons suffering from constipation,
lower bowel, liver and stomach trou-
bles should try Mayr's Wonderful
Remedy. 1t is sold by leading drug
gists everywhere with the positive
understanding that your money will
be refunded without question or
bubble if ONE bottle fails to give
you absolute satisfaction.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
OUCH! ACHING JOINTS,
RUB RHEUMAT Tic PAIN
Rub Soreness and stiffness away
with a small trial bottle Of old
"St. Jacobs OIL"
rheumatism is pain" only.

rheumatism is pain" only.
Not one case in fifty requires in
ternal treatment. Stop drugging,
Rub soothing, penetrating "St. ia
cob's or right into your sore, stiff,
aching joints, and relief comes in
stantly. est. Jacobs Oil' is a harm
less rheumatism liniment which new
er disapopints and can not burn
the skin.
Timber up, Quit complaining! Get
small trial bottle of old, honest
"St. Jacobs Oir' at any drug store,
and in Just a moment you'll be free
from rheumatic pain, soreness and
stiffness. Don't suffer, Relief awaits
you. "St Jacobs OH is just as
good for sciatica neuralgia, lumbago,
backache, sprains.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
Former Senator Dies.

Hugo, Okla, Feb. 9.--W i. Stewart,
died Tuesday at his home here Mr..
Stewart was aged 40 years and was
born in Kinds county, Miss. He moved
to Antlers, Okla, in 1898, and was
a member of the senate in the first,
second and third Oklahoma legisla-
ture following statehood. Since locat-
ing in Hugo, he has been a member
of the law firm of Stewart and Nc
donald. His wife and mother survive.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10

of animal husbandry, in the Agri-
cultural Outlook, published today.
I'VE could sell two or three times
the number already exported with"
out there being an appreciable short
age of work horses" the statement
adds. The kind purchased are for
the most part very mediocre animals,
which would ordinarily sell for less
than 500 head, and are class OF
which We can well afford to be rid.
"The big demand for horses will
probably occur after peace has been
declared At that time the countries
now at war. with the exception Of
Russia, will no doubt be very short
of horses for their agricultural and
other work. European Russia had,
prior to the war, about 25,O00,00O
horses. This country and Russia to-
gether have so per cent of all the
horses in the world. A very large
number of horses in Russia will be
destroyed in the war and the re-
mainder will, no doubt, be needed
by Russia for her own agricultural
and other work
The demands on the United States
which has a fourth of the worlds
horses, will, therefore be large and
will probably continue for number
of years, for the rehabilitation of the
depleted horse stock of any country
is slow process. This country, how
ever, will be in position to meet this
demand"
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
OKLAHOMA INDIAN GIRLS
DAZZLE WASHINGTON

Washington, Feb. with all the
absorbing interest in the European
struggle, diplomatic Washington has
found time to stop and surrender it
self completely to three young Indian
women. Such a strange thing! But
then these young women are totally
different from the American idea
of Indian girls.
The three young women in question
aside from their natural beauty and
their modish styles. possess still
another attribute which has endeared
itself to the hearts of Washington
men-towit, they have money-and
much of it. In fact, they are about
the richest young women who have
shone here for some time. Through
their Uncle Sam they have been Civ
en-, in round numbers, close to S3.-
100000 each in payment for oil lands
belonging originally to the richest
nation, per capita, in the world.
Descendants of Indian Chiefs.
Mrs. Ada Shaw York, Miss Jose
phine Mathews and Miss Louise
Bruce are all natives of Pawhuska,
Okla. They have started out on a
tour of their native land. The girls
are descendants of famous Indian
chiefs. Instead of the conventional
customs of the Indian girls, these
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
INDIGESTION ENDED,
STOMACH FEELS FINE
Time "Pape's Diapepsin!" In Five
Minutes all Sourness, Gas,
Heartburn and Dyspepsia
is Gone

Sour, gassy, upset stomach, indi-
gestion. heartburn, dyspepsia; when
the food you eat ferments into gases
and stubborn Jumps; your head aches
and you feel sick and miserable,
that's when you realize the magic
in Pape's Diapepsin. 1t makes all
stomach misery vanish in five min
utes.
If your stomach is in a contin-
uous revolt-if you can't get it reg
ulated, please, for your sake, try
Pape's Diapepsin. It's so needless to
have a bad stomach-make your
next meal favorite food meal, then
take a little Diapepsin. There will
not be any distress-eat without
fear. IT'S because Pape's Diapepsin
really does" regulate weak, out-of-
order stomachs that gives it its mill
ions OF sales annually.
Get large fifty cent case Of Papes
Dapepsin from any drug store. 1t
is the quickest, surest stomach re-
lief and cure known. 1t acts almost
like magic-it is a scientific, harm =
less and pleasant stomach prepara-
tion which truly belongs in every
home.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
Pool Halls to Go.

Ada, Okla, Feb. 9.-The board of
commissioners Tuesday afternoon
passed an ordinance prohibiting the
running of public pool and billiard
halls in the city of Ada. The ordinance
goes into effect thirty days after pas
sage. Three large pool halls are af-
fected by the new law. The vote on
the ordinance was two to one, e. S.
Ratliff, mayor, and H. c. Evans, com
of public works, favoring
the ordinance, and w. E. Conger, com
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
FEBRUARY 10TH IN HISTORY

1S99-President Mckinley signed the
peace treaty with Spain.
19O4--The Car of Russia proclaimed
war with Spain.
190S-Sir Henry Mclean was liberated
by Raisuli.
Electoral votes were counted
by congress, and Taft and Sher-
man declared elected.
1913-News received that Capt Scott
and four members of his party had
perished while on their return
from the South Pole.
1914-King George, in a speech open
ing the fourth session of the jres-
ent British parliament urged mu-
tual concessionsi the Irish Home
Rule controversy.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
A HAPPY CHILD IN
JUST A FEW HOURS
When cross, constpated or if feverish
give "Calfornia Syrup of Figs"
then don't worry.

Mothers can rest easy after giving
California Syrup of Figs" because
in a few hours all the clogged-up
waste, sour bile and fermenting food
gently moves out of the bowels, and
you have a well, playful child again.
Children simply will not take the
time from play to empty their bow
els, and they become tightly packed,
liver gets sluggish and stomach dis
ordered
When cross, feverish, restless, see
if tongue is coated then give this
delicious fruit laxative" Children
love it, and it can not cause injury,
No difference what ails your little
one-if full of cold, or a sore throat,
diarrhoea, stomach-ache, bad breath,
remember, a gentle "inside cleansing
should always be the first treatment
given. Full directions for babies,
children of all ages and grown ups
are printed on each bottle.
Beware of counterfeit fig syrups.
Ask your druggist for a 50-cent bot
tie of California Syrup of Figs"
then look carefully and see that it
is made by the California Fig Syrup
company" We make no smaller size.
Hand back with contempt any other
fig syrup.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
PUBLIC AUCTION
INDIAN LAND SALE.
Under Government Supervision

The following allotted Indian land
will be offered for sale at public auc-
ton, at the office of:
S. A. MILLS, FIELD CLERK,
ARDMORE, OKLAHOMA
AT TWO O'CLOCK p. NJ.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1915.
CASE NO. 11363-Abel Wilson, Choc-
taw Roll No 1OS05. 1880 acres.
NW4 of NW4 less $50 acres, re-
served for townsite of Graham, and
W. of SW4 of NW4; SEA OF SW4
of NW4 NE4 of NW4 of SW4 of
Section go; NE4 of NE4; NJ of
SEA of NE4; SEA of SEA of NE4;
SEA of SW4 of NE4 of Section 81,
Township 2 south, range 2 west,
in Carter county. 140 acres tillable,
130 acres in cultivation; 20 acres
rolling timber land; dark sandy soil,
80 miles from Ardmore, Oklahoma,
and adjoins the town of Graham.
Oklahoma. Appraisement $2975.50.
Terms: One-fourth cash, balance in
l, 2 and years.
Title to be taken subject to any eX-
listing valid leases on the premises.
Ten per cent of the highest bid must
be deposited in the hands of the Field
Clerk on the day of the sale in the
form of bank draft payable to w. NJ.
Baker, Cashier and Special Disbursing
Agent, Five Civilized Tribes, the re-
mainder of the purchase price to be
paid within ten days of call therefor
Written bids, accompanied by ten
per cent of the amount thereof, if re-
ceived by the Field Clerk prior to the
hour of sale given above, will be
opened and considered at the time of
sale the same is if the bidder made
such offer orally. Such written bids
may be presented to the Field Clerk
or mailed to him at the above address,
No bldg for less than the appraised
value vii. be Considered.
The right is reserved to reject any
and all bids. GABE E. PARKER,
Superintendent for the Five Civilized
Tribes, Muskogee, Oklahoma, Janu,
airy 9, 1915. 2O-d&w
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
EAT LESS MEAT
# BACK HURTS
TAKE A GLASS OF SALTS TOI
FLUSH KIDNEYS IF BLADDER
BOTHERS YOU.

Eating meat regularly eventually
produces kidney trouble in some form
or other, says a well-known authority
because the uric acid in meat excites
the kidneys, they become overworked; (;
get sluggish; clog up and cause all
sorts of distress, particularly back.
ache and misery in the kidney region;
rheumatic twinges, severe headaches,
acid stomach, constipation, torpid liv-
er, sleeplessness, bladder and urinary
irritation.
The moment your back hurts or kid
neys aren't acting right, or if bladder
bothers you, get about four ounces
of Jad Salts from any good pharmaoy;
take tablespoonful in glass Of wa
ter before breakfast for a few days
and your kidneys will then act fine.
This famous salts is made from the
acid of grapes and lemon juice, COM
bired with lithia, and has been used
for generations to flush clogged kid
neys and stimulate them to norma
activity; also to neutralize the acids
in the urine so it no longer irritates
thus ending bladder disorders.
Jad Salts cannot injure anyone; II
makes a delightful effervescent lithia'
water drink, which millions of men
and women take now and then tC
keep the kidneys and urinary organs
clean, thus avoiding serious kidney dis
ease.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
Smallpox in Legislature.

Phoenix, Arizona, Feb. 9.-SmallpoX
contracted by Samuel Briscoe, rep
resentative, whose ailment was dag
nosed yesterday after many fellow leg
islators had visited him, claimed an
other victim Tuesday in the legisla-
tive assembly. w. b. Lanier reading
clerk of the lower house, is i'll with the
disease. Lanier was present yesterday
at sessions where plans for wholesale
vaccinations, carried out Tuesday,
were being discussed.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
PUBLIC AUCTION
INDIAN LAND SALE
Under Government Supervision.

Under Government supervision.
The following allotted Indian land
will be offered for sale at public
auction at the office of
S. A. MILLS, FIELD CLERK,
ARDMORE, OKLAHOMA.
AT TWO O'CLOCK, P. NJ.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1915
CASE NO. 1O791-Wash James, Mis-
sissippi Choctaw, Roll No. 651. 80
acres. So of SW4 of NE4; SW4 of
SEA of NE4 of section 20, township
south, range east, in Carter
county. Rolling pasture land, free
from rock; II acres scrub timber;
about 10 acres tillable; red clay
soil; 8 miles from Ardmore, Okla
homa. Appraisement $175. Terms
Cash. Title to be taken in it's pres
ent condition.
Ten per cent of the highest bid
must be deposited in the hands Of the
field clerk on the day of the sale in
lub lOIlll VI d Dduh vi dlJ pay W
w. NJ Baker, cashier and special dis
bursting agent, Five Civilized Tribes,
the remainder of the purchase price
to be paid within ten days of call
therefor.
Written bids, accompanied by ten
per cent of the amount thereof, if re-
celved by the field clerk prior to the
hour of sale given above, will be open
ed and considered at the time of sale
the same as if the bidder made such
offer orally. Such written bids may
be presented to the field clerk or mail
ed to him at the above address.
No bids for less than the appraised
value will be considered.
The right is reserved to reject any
and all bids.
Office of the superintendent, Five Civ
ilized Tribes, Muskogee, Oklahoma.
January s, 1915
GABE e. PARKER,
3-d&w Superintendent.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
The Skin and Not the Blood.

Until recently it has been a gener-
ally accepted theory that eczema was
a disease of the blood. Scientific in
vestigations have taught us that &C.
zema is positively a skin disease and
durable through the skin alone. Mer-
itol Eczema Remedy is applied directly
to the diseased skin. DO not delay
trying Meritol Eczema Remedy. Prices
soc and $100. f. J. Ramsey, Local
Agency.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
STOP THE CHILD'S COLDS
HEY OFTEN RESULT SERIOUSLY

Colds. Group and Whooping Cough
e children's ailments which need
mediate attention. The after-effects
e often most serious. Don't take
risk-you don't have to. Dr. Kings
ew Discovery checks the Cold
,othes the Cough, allays the In
lmmation, kills the Germs and al
ws Nature to do her healing work.
C at your Druggist. Buy bottle
day.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
How to Prevent Bilious Attacks.

Coming events cast their shadows
before" This is especially true of bill
ious attacks. Your appetite will fail,
you will feel dull and languid. If you
are subject to bilious attacks take
three of Chamberlain Tablets as soon
as these symptoms appear and the
attacks may be warded off. For sale
by all dealers.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
NO HORSE FAMINE YET;
EXPORTED 5000 HEAD

Washington, Feb. S.-Warring Eu-
ropean nations have bought and ex-
ported more than $4,000 horses from
the United States, but there is no
immediate danger apparent that con-
tinued export will cause an acute
shortage of horses in this country,
according to G. A. Bell of the bureau
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10

One if the largest and most val
liable timber trees of the country is
the tulip tree, known to lumbermen
as yellow poplar. 1t is related to the
magnolia but it is the only tree of
its kind in the world
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10
Whenever You Need a General Tonic
Take Groves

The Old Standard Groves Tasteless
chill Tonic is equally valuable as 8
General Tonic because it contains the
we'll known tonic properties of QUfNINE
and IRON. 1t acts on the Liver, Drives
out Malaria, Enriches the Blood ant
Builds up the Whole System. so cents
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10

Salt Lake has been selected as
the operating center for all lines of
the American Express company west
of the Missouri and the headquarters
of the Pacific department, embracing
all states, having been removed to
that point from Denver.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1915-02-10

Plans are being considered to Sc
cure the concentrated action by
stockholders of the Chicago, Rock
Island and Pacific Railway company
at the annual meeting in March to
company and thus save it from pos
sible receivership.