davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-03-27
LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL
PICKS ORATERS
Contests in Oratory were held
Friday.

The first annual defamation and
oratorical contest of the high school
was held yesterday afternoon at the
high school building. Six students
were entered for the defamation con-
test which was open to the members OF
the Freshman and Sophomore classes
and six entered the oratorical contest
which was for the Juniors and Seniors.
These contests were held to give
students practice in public speaking
iand to select representatives to be sent
to- the sub-dstrict contest.
In defamation first place was given
to Oscar Bennett with the subject, Gre
gulus to the Carthaginians, second to
Walter Hockstad on 1.-THE Southern
Negro" and third to Charles Danto who
gave "Tousaint l. Overture.
In the oratorical contest the produc-
tons were original and showed much
preparation on the part of all contest
ants. First place Was won by Grace
Howard with the Grafton, women and
War;" second place by Grace Malpass
on the subject, "The Miner" and third
by Helen billiard on Florence Night
ingale."
The judges of the contests were Mrs
d. II. Fitch, w. l.. Peck and ID. l.. vii
son.
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-03-27

The more polite two women are when
they meet the more they hate each
other.
II is easy for shiftless man to tell
what wonderful things he. would do If
he only had million plunks.
w. T. Azbell, ex-postmaster of Ed
wardsport, Ind, writes: 81 suffered
from severe trouble with my kidneys
and back. First bottle of Foley Kidney
Pills gave me relief" Thousands testi-
fy that backache, rheumatism, sore
muscles, aching joints and bladder
weakness vanished when Foley Kidney
Pill were taken.-Iiite's Drug Store.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

Captain from labor men who believe in it,
force and just that with an out and out decla-
ration?
"Oh, look here" he says; cts very few
coins you'd get il you got no money from any
one who didn't believe in force ! don't 90
around asking anybody to back up dynamite
That's no way to talk But the point labors
come to is that all that is beside the point.
It's just another way of lodging the issue
that the employers put over. The race is to
the strong, and if you're right you haven't got
any right not being strong
81 can sit down and tell you the story Of
what lies behind that dynamiting campaign
that shocks you so, and you can draw your
own conclusions. Don't ask me whether
think it paid. Don't ask me whether it was
right or wrong. Don't ask me to talk about
whether force is this or that.
But what I know is this: that the Steel
Trust in 1901 started things. They made the
move, for what they decided to do was elm.
mate trade unionism from their industry.
"And they did it, too, to all the unions there
but one, and that one was the Structural Iron
Workers under J. J. McNamara's administra.
ton.
When they made that ruling there were
100000 steel men working twelve hours day,
Sunday and ALL for 365 days in the year and
in leap year 800, at an average wage of S4ee a
year. The statistics aren't labor's. They are
from the Stanley committee of Congress.
1T was four years afterwsrd, in zoos, that
the iron workers convention in Philadelphia
declared boycott on the National Erectors'
Company and the National Bridge Associa-
ton, and the war was on from coast to coast.
During J. j. McNamara's time the iron
workers grew strong. The inion grew from
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

100000 they are in fact) on the present OASIS
C1e14 experienced s556,OOO or $50 per cent, would
have been raised by taxes; S24oO0O or "a per cent
would have been raised by loans; s2O4,OOO, or
204 per cent, would have been received in mis-
cellaneous revenues.
In the spending $4,000, or 59.6 per cent, would
have gone for all purposes of the city and county
government except debt service and education;
Sl67 900, or 1877 per cent, for educaton s297OOO,
or 28.7 per cent, for debt service.
When taxpayers cry out anxiously against
raising tax rate they making a belated pro-
test against earlier authorizations to incur in
debtedness.
The debt charge is the largest single Item in the
budget It's growth is chiefly responsible for the
discomfort of taxpayers. These figures tell the
story: From 1904 to 1914 the funded debt grew
from 54l3162 TO $1O65,411 ,24384, or 90 per
cent. The population of the city grew from 81
gOl O23 to 5,5S3,S71, 43 per cent. The assessed
-aluation of taxable real estate grew from S5,-
Ol5463 ,779 to 5000 ,s59,912, or 60 per cent
Corresponding with the growth Of the debt, the
annual debt service charges for long term bonds
have increased from s2l,7So,oo0 in 1904 to $780,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20
This Is What We, as Tdx-Payers Que

thorized during 1915 to be financed three
quarters by ffteen-year corporate stock and one
quarter by one-year bonds payable from the 1916
tax budget; those authorized during 1916 are to
be financed one-half by ffteen-year corporate
stock and one-half by one-year bonds payable
1917 are to be financed one-quarter by fteen-year
corporate stock and three-quarters by one-year
bonds payable from the 1918 tax budget; those
authorized during 1918 and subsequent years are
to be paid for wholly from the annual tax budget.
As a result of this policy two things will happen
for the ultimate relief of taxpayers. The amount
of improvements authorized will be notably re-
duced. A saving Of significance will be made in
interest charges funds paid out of pocket in
stead of borrowed as heretofore. But for the
present the new policy will force tax bills hgi r.
If the authorizations Of new improvements were
10 continue in the same amount as heretofore
Productions for the time being are certain) the
annual budget would be increased in 1915 by one
quarter of the amount of these authorizations and
by the full amount when the plan is in COM
the reduction in interest charges saved by paying
outright for improvements instead of borrowing
for them. In the first year this saving would
be only the amount of interest on the sum in
cluded in the budget for that year. But that first
years saving continues during each Of the follow
saving in interest is made on a presumably like
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

Average annual amount Of new debt authorized
in the second Mcclellan administration, 19O6-lsOs
inclusive, s102 All, 320.37.
Average annual amount Of new debt authorized
in the Gaynor administration, 191019l3, inclusive
ss795l ,s9s4s.
Amount of new debt authorized in the Mitchel
administration, 1914, $l4,594,6 704S
The city debt will not Immediately stop grow
ing in the degree suggested by the 1914 figures
because previous authorizations to incur debt have
still to mature in bonds actually issued. These
unfulflled authorizations relate chilly to the new
rapid transit development
In order to lay down a policy for financing pub
lie improvements which would not keep New York
City constantly in the market for long term loans
and through successive large issues continually
deprecate holdings of earlier issues, the city, at
the suggestion Of its bankers, adopted in the fall
Of 1914 a new plan Of paying for its equipment
Under this plan only revenue producing improve
ments (rapid transit docks, railways and water
terminals and water supply will be paid for with
the proceeds of 60-year bonds.
All non-revenue producing improvements au-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

$4,000 in 1914 This is an increase of ia per
cent. In this time the next largest item In the
budget, the educational appropriation, has grown
from S2O913, 900 to S9s 100000, or SO per cent
The richest opportunity for economy lies in the
item for debt charges.
Here it is, as plain as any financial fact can be
made. The constantly, almost torrentially ad-
vancing item in the city's annual expenditure is
the debt service item. The items above stated are
moreover merely for interest on and redemption
of long term borrowings and do not include the
redemption of temporary borrowings anticipating
taxes or making up DEFICIENCIES in current appro-
priations.
In the figures above given showing the growth
of the funded debt did not set out separately
the debt incurred for non-revenue producing pur-
poses This aggregated on December 81, 1914
$685., 6Ss, 63195 with annual interest and sinking
fund charges Of over 100000.
To keep the budget within endurable proper
tions the immediate problem of the city govern
ment is to check the debt service charges There
is only one way to check them, and that is by
stopping the incurrence Of added debt. On this
course the present administration has determined.
If the course is followed for several years the
situation will have been relieved and the pressure
on taxpayers for the repayment of borrowed funds
considerably lessened. In proof Of the actual
adoption of the practice by the government
in regard to the assumption of further indebted
ness are the following figures:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

won't say force is what did it. And yet
From every line of the face, from the
straightforward chest voice, if you listen, you
draw your own conclusions.
Anton Johaanson, Joe Johaanson, as he's
called the country over, secs big" He is the
spirit of labor as Hutchins Hapgood saw it
when he wrote Johaanson's life few years
ago under that very title, THE Spirit of La
bor"
Certain chapters of his history are worth
recalling. No one put up harder fight against
Skinny Madden in the old Chicago Federation
of Labor fight to get itself out from Madden's
crooked political tolls. Nobody cursed Mad
den harder nor with more telling sarcasm from
the floor Of the federation elections, and no.
body ever came around with fairer bit about
Madden on the side.
He was talking to Hapgood on the old new
subject: Where does the fight begn'
~ don't see that Skinny is such bad one"
he said Arrangements for violence are never
made in the committees or in the meetings,
but only when two or three gather together,
and the rank and file and the lily whites know
nothing about it. have sometimes persuaded
sluggers not to slug, for am philosophical
anarchist and do not believe in violence on
principle.
But people in general believe in force. II
the laborers controlled the government they
would not employ slugging, which is now the
only force they have. They don't call the Boston
Tea Party a strike, but il violence and against
the law. There only two thngs-genuinc
humanity and virtue. on the hand, and force
on the other. All the rest s hypocrisy and
graft"
To repeat, it isn't so much what Johaanson
says as the way he says it, with a vitality that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

meet the city's growth. IN such eases tsvo, q.
provision Of funds by the issue Of serial bcsa
the span Of the series corresponding roughly h
the probable life Of the improvement As ra,
ter Of interest saving an arbitrary maximum 4
twenty-five or thirty years might be set
Bear in mind that am heartily in t,v
Of applying the brakes vigorously at this lin,
of economic stress and until the habit 0; IN.
gal use Of credit is acquired and the wsctis
becomes second nature Of giving the ,en
meticulous attention to proposed new impov.
ment authorizations that is now inersaszss
giUen to current expenditure appropriation
For several years to come the city will ~
suffer from combining its new improvement
within the limits Of its ability and willingness b
pay for them out of hand. On the contrsrJ. /
will find ways Of using its present equipmen, r,a
advantageously. as Superintendent Writ is ir.
onstrating so convincingly in the more ntsrsu
use of school buildings. But am discussing q,
the moment, a permanent policy to be folr..
when the city is wholly recovered from Il.
seeming mania for mourning indebtedness tu-
which it has suffered since consolidation
Then, finally, for the purpose Of this By 70
means complete and necessarily hurried dseus
sion, come improvements Of the so-casd f.h
sustaining variety, including water supply, dosn
and subways. Where the outlays for faeilita
of this character result in revenues suhss;
to Day the interest and sinking fund charges q
bonds issued to provide them, it Is good polio
TO utilize the city's credit in order to spread L.
burden of the expenditure over the longest perO
justified by the nature of the undertaking. III
enterprise and not the taxpayer Except . b
contributes TO the revenues Of the enterprise nl
beneficiary provides the means Of repsymsr. 81
carrying charges.
The propriety Of using the credit Of the eaI
for these undertakings Is recognized In the nr
financial policy adopted by the city in the sutur'
Of 1914.
With the present conservative policy Of suis''
izing only the most urgent necessities in the va
OF additional public improvements. the city %
definitely turned toward a steady contraction o
its permanent indebtedness. In this period o
transition from a credit TO a cash basis hns
will be afforded for the development OF perrs
nent financial policy looking to proper es
growth, and an intelligent limitation on TIE &c"
burden of the city.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

reaches and seizes, that has its roots in soil
of tropical sincerity. He is so tremendously
open at all pores, whether he is talking about
the straight narrative of labor organizing or
thrilling to some philosophical theory. He
has power of dramatzing that great major
ity, "the rank and file" The pitfall of the
labor leader scorn for the slow wits and bound
imagination of deadened labor and the tenacity
with which your working man so often clings
to prejudice have never been 10 Johaanson.
Not because it hasn't been his to deal with
men who saw no further than their noses, the
particular extra dollar week of their own
union in their own strike. Not that he hasn't
found labor as dull to the cleaning gold Of
social vision as many a capitalist His life
has been full enough of all that. But the man
is dramatic. He can't see things any other
way. The tame, unseasoned point of view,
a little good on one side, faults on both sides,
labor not altogether right and reasonable-all
the stodgy quality of age or compromising
nature have found no lodgment with him.
With every strike, with every fight where
men come together and pull for better stand
ard all around, some of that social vision comes
to one or two who go through with it, and if it
were only the one or two who come into
bigger sense of things one can say the fight
was worth it,"
Johaanson never feels that things are not
worth while. Always the great, unwieldy mass
of people, the grimy, tired ones of the world
loom up before him as the kindly fighting
giant of the future whose brawny arm shall
His way of looking at the war is typical.
"All right" he says. ITS a good enough
thing. To be sure, they die by the hundreds
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

of thousands, but what has working man y
live for anyhow They might as well dis ns.'
ing for what they are fighting for, and nay"
they'll learn to exert their force tor thins: '"
themselves and for the working men o. =
nations.
Perhaps they'll learn to wrench them's,s
free1 Oh, yes" he says, education ans :.
Church and all that What DO any o. =
agencies that capital has at its call 70 va
men to be meek and peaceful unos''y
amount top don't put any faith tne'e !.
men were different, maybe. But the 0n' =
thing Is the labor movement, where tue
Is to stick to one side and never give w ~
ing"
7, doesn't matter that this militant o.
couldn't hurt a child. 1t doesn't pe''e 4,
hanpen 10 be the sort OF thing that nc Can "
but the way he can charge an arganel' :,
pound backbone into broken strike y -
whole spiritual content Of good so.'s \,
He thinks it craven to give in. 70, - .sss.
right. He doesn't merely believe. ~
iutely knows. II is an obsession.
Tell you what" said Lincoln Ss' ,sa
him once out on the Pacific Coast W. X.
should be indicted for murder looming -'lt,.
hind these men. And you should pis1s A.
And emotional insanity should Do - N.
fence. What evidence, Johaanson, - d
dence we could bring in: The 0i's' .,xv.
strikes unfairly won. the long story ,,o,S
ing honest labor, the agony OF ne is
millions through years, the whole Of .. y.
most of the people unuttefs0v -, nsa
There's enough around to prove % ..'se iss
that Il you're insane there was COCA . sss~
il all. What a trial. J0haans0n' WIZ"
paper storyp
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20


IL nearly here Labor feels strong.
There is a new and luster note in
the labor side of the class war.
Anton Johaanson, of San Francisco, gen
eral organizer Of the United Brotherhood OF
Carpenters and Joners Of America, who is
here collecting money from unonzed New
York for the defence in September of Matt A.
Schmidt and David Caplan on charges OF muir
der growing out OF the Mcnamara dynamite
cases, spells it clearly.
There is no hesitation in him. He is the
Billy Sunday of the labor movement. His
vocabulary is as forid his enthusiasm the big,
one-sided sweep of the evangelist and his
smile the red smile of the labor world" as
broad and as sure as a captains OF Irish Horse.
He feels right He feels big. He likes the
smashing proving up OF the labor side, ana
when he says that the McNamaras are bound
TO have their sentence commuted before two
years are up you know what he means
He means that the day of labor squirming,
apologize for force, unwilling to recognize
good soldiers" whose methods were not the
methods Of the weak and uncourageous, has
a new cue. Labor is ready to stand by and
back to the bottom dollar, irrespective OF
method, the labor men who stay on the right
side" who keep the point Of view" to the
end and never lose sight of the social trust
when personal advantage might take them
across TO capitals side.
Night after night he is telling the story of
Caplan and Schmidt with his Billy Sunday
feryor. But it isn't always what ne says
The hinterland of his implications is where
the land OF battle lies
OF force-where does he stand on III Is
he asking the fund that shall free Schmidt and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

membership of 1000 to $4,000, and the eight
hour day went all through the trade and
wages went from $3.50 for nine hours to
$500 for eight. And that same union to-day
is in better condition than it has ever been.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20

"OR the labor movement der tag" is
~ nearly here. Labor feels strong.
There is new and lustier note in
the labor side of the class war.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-06-20
ore New Work. Staneas What We Have, What We Spend
Rv HENRY BRUERE.

Chamberlain. City Of New York, and some',,"e
Director Of the New York Bureau OF "u'
nicipal Research.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-06-24
MEREDITH MAKES
PLEA FOR FARMER
IOWAN TELLS ADVERTISING MEN
At CHICAGO THAT THEY DO
NOT KNOW OF CHANGE.

Chicago, June 2S.-Farmers are diff
ferent than they were twenty years
ago. They are wearing garters now
E. T. Meredith of Des Moines, Iowa,
publisher Of farm journal, told dele
gates attending the convention of the
Associated Advertising Clubs of the
World today.
Some of you advertisers act as you
thought farmers did not wear coats or
Shoes Mr.. Meredith said. why. do
you know that fifty per cent of all
farmers wear garters? It's the truth.
It has been proven by investigation.
You men haven't realized what the
farmer can buy, that he pays from @15
to $45 for suit OF clothes and that he
purchases motor cars ranging In price
from $500 to $4,000.
''The advertising agencies should
study the rural towns, should know
the farmer Of today. You're not pre-
pared. You think the farmers nova
days are the same as they were twen-
ty years ago.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-06-24
GREAT DAMAGE|S
. DONE BY QUAkES.
Imperial Valley in Southern
California Is Rocked
From End to End
LOSS ESTIMATED TO
BE OVER $1,OOO,OOO
Martial Law Has Been Put
in Force Following a
Reign Of Terror

4 Ell Cantro, Cal, June %. - Late re
ports indicate that Imperial valley was
rocked from end to end last night by
a series of earthquake shocks. Five
persons are reported dead in Mexicali
No dead are reported form the other
j valley points. Buildings in every city
in the valley have been damaged. Ca.
lexico suffered severely from fire. Dam.
age in the earthquake district Is csti.
mated at more than $1,00O,000.
Many buildings in Calexico were
shaken down by three distinct shocks
which occurred at 1920 p. m. $40 p.
m. and 800 p. m. These were felt in
the district surrounding 81 Centro and
Calexico. Two shocks were reported
from Yuma at the Same time Two
slight shocks were felt at San Bernar-
dino. several miles north of the Mexi-
can line at o'clock. San Diego also
was visited by two slight shakes.
Heber, railroad town Ave miles
west of El Centre, was reported entire
ly destroyed by fire. At Imperial sew
eral buildings were cracked and the
wall OF one fell in, but no injuries re-
suited. The telephone operators there
also fed from their building.
repair crew of the Pacific Tele-
phone Co., was sent at midnight TO Ell
Centre.
Declare Martial Law.
Calexico, Cal, June % Martial law
has been declared here and In Mexi-
cali, Mexico, just across the border
line following reign of terror In both
towns, resulting from three earth.
quake shocks. Reports of at least
twelve dead and many injured were
brought here by refugees from the
Mexican city. Most of the buildings
there are in ruins and hundreds slept
in the open. American cavalry regu-
lars are patrolling the streets here.
Villa soldiers are on duty in Mexicali.
The roar of the quake below the
border was the first warning the peo-
pie of the valley had. The f1rst shock
was the most severe. Two others
followed
Electric lights went out all over the
valley and the greatest confusion
reigned everywhere. Ranchers and
city residents woke up today in open
fields, beside roadways or irrigation
bitches
The shocks were severest below the
border, so that Calipatria and INLAND
appear to have been injured slightly.
The earth quake extended to Yuma,
Ariz. The duration of the first shock
was about thirty seconds.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-06-24
QUIET PREVAILS
IN YAQU| VALLEY
OFFICIALS FEEL GREATLY RE-
LlEvED AFTER REPORT FROM
HOWARD ARRIVES.

Washington, D. c., June 23.-Oh
cial anxiety over the situation in the
Yaqui valley, Mexico, where Indians
had threatened the American colony
was considerably relieved today fol-
lowing reassuring advices concerning
the situation from Admiral Howard
He reported by wireless that he had
been assured by General Leyva, Mex
lean military commandant at Quay
mas, that all was quiet in the valley.
In view of the latest advices from
Admiral Howard, officials were con-
fident today that it would not now be
necessary to land marines and blue
Jackets, who are held in readiness
for that purpose unless adequate pro-
lection is not given Americans by the
Mexican forces. 4.,%-.--s....a Il
photographs Show MutIlated Bodies.
On Board U. S. s. Colorado, of
Guaymas, Mexico, (by radio to San
Diego CALI June 23.-Photographs
which show mutilated bodies Of sew
eral Americans reported killed by
Yaqui Indians were received here to-
day from the Yaqui valley, whore the
Indians have been making raids for
several weeks.
Advices received today stated that
military train with 200 Villa soldiers
was sent yesterday from mpalme to
attempt rescue of a construction
party of two Americans and sixteen
Mexicans reported to be at work re-
pairing a railroad bridge over the
Yaqui river near Corral. about twenty
five miles fom here.
From Vera Cruz, Consul Canada re-
ported train on the south line had
been fired on Monday and nineteen
persons were reported killed. He also
reported that the railway from Vera
Cruz to Mexico City had been cut.
Moe destitute refugees are IN Tam
pico awaiting transportation