davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
February Is and After
CFrom the New York SUM.

pected TO wage pitiless war upon nom
combatant ships. Also unwarrantable
is the inference that neutral ships
are not unlikely to be sunk by mis-
take because of the misuse of neu-
tral flags ordered by the British gov
crnment and the contingencies of
naval warfare" Such a thing may
happen. and It might have happened
at any time since war was declared
While the construction placed by neu-
trails upon the words used either de-
liberately or in hysterical haste was
quite natural the statement of Ad-
miral Behncke to the American naval
attache at Berlin on Tuesday should
reassure neutrals who feared that the
German naval officers would take no
great pains to distinguish between an
enemy and a neutral ship before
launching their torpedoes. Com
manding officers of submarine boats. "
said Admiral Behncke. have re-
Ceived orders 10 make every effort to
safeguard neutrals." That was TO be
expected. There was never any oc-
casion for panic.
We do not believe that the Germans
in their new campaign against She
onemy's shipping. which no doubt will
be as vigorous as it can he made by
the limited number OF submarines of
large radius available. have any in
tCntion of destroying the lives Of non
Combatant crews as well as ships.
Merchant vessels that show fight can
OF course be sunk instanter. That is
international law Admiral Behncke's
I fr.f frf 1uff ion nrsfNf foL Itaf, ~
vessels have been armed to attack
submarines probably had no more
basis than a report that guns had
been put on steam trawlers so that
they could fire on submarines. Such
craft would be cOmbatants and as
sumo the risks of war But private
merchant ships are not sailed to fight
and unless such vessels have great
/ speed the German submarine will
have no difficulty, and run no risk. in
I sending them to the bottom.
The seas around Great Britain am
/ Ireland have been a "war zone" as
between Germany and her enemies
ever since the war began. German
submarines have sunk as many pri
yate ships as could be torpedoed Tn,
warfare" will go on relentlessly. per
haps with more success. possibly will
less. Conditions. of course. do no
permit of sending ships to the priz'
court. It is quite likely that the Brit
ish navy, having made special prep
arations TO hunt down the enemy
submarines in the war zone" will b
found more formidable than in tn
past. But while neutral ships ma,
elect TO avoid the channel and th
; Irish Sea. we believe that those goini
on their way as usual will be saf
under their own flags from German
torpedoes.
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
coNyIcrs AND ROAD WORN.

DAVID j. SHORER VINO in the Summer of 1914
H was in charge OF the convict road work in
Green county. New York. advocates cooperation be-
tween the state Highway Department and the State
Prison Department for the promotion OF the good
roads movement What he says with respect to the
use Of such convict labor while referring specifically
to New York State also has general bearing the
same question in other States.
"Tho state Highway Department should hire
victs from the State Prison Department in exactly the
same way as IL would hire free aborers. and at tho
same price per day he says. During the hours of
work the men should not be thought OF convcts but
simply as employees OF the Highway Department No
payment should be made for single hour not worked
and man discharged should be removed at once
and permanently, while the Highway Department
should have no responsibility for nor authority over
the conycts at any time nor in manner except to
conduct their work or TO discharge them"
shorors recommendation as to cooperation is not
original. The National Committee Prisons and
Prison Labor advocated such for several
years In fact, II has succeeded in having the prin-
ciplc incorporated in the laws of West Virginia.
Speaking of the road work done by the sixty con
vcts employed in Green county Shoror says it aver
aged better that of civilians also working in the
camp and that regarded a whole "the convict gang
was as good any ordinary contract gang" lie
holds firmly to tho opinion. based upon practical ex
perience that under proper conditions there will be
no difficulty in using convics for road work with good
results from The money expended The National Com
mittee on Prisons and Prison Labor in calling at
tention to shorers declarations, adds that in its opn-
ion in the employment of convicts responsibility Tor
administration must be placed in the hands of those
competent to meet it, and the convcts encouraged
by a system of rewards so they will feel that they
have something to gain through good work
We have here in Delaware many persons who think
that many of our convcts should be used in building
good roads Thus far little Of practical value has
been done in that direction 1t may be that such
persons will find encouraging note in the statement
made by such practical New Yorker the above
quoted.
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
The Need of a Reserve
Iron the Washlngton Postl.

When Secretary OF War Garrison
described the mobile army Of The
United States as about twice the size
of the police force of New York city.
he epitomized strikingly the weakness
of the national defense. Even though
the police force of New York we're
doubled or quadrupled, no one would
contend that it would be sufficient to
ward off a foreign foe who might at
tempt a landing on the American
shore.
Probably the worst enemies TO pre-
paredness are those who cling 10 the
old idea that if any foreign nation at
tempted landing a million Amerl-
cans would Immediately spring to
arms. The civil war is cited in proof
of this, but no worse argument could
be used. because constant appeals
wero needed. and many months passed
before anything like a million men
were in the field on both sides.
But il million men would spring
to the colors in a day what good
would il do? Even though they
could be furnished with guns and am
munition. they would only be in the
way of the trained troops II is mere
" a delusion that the great popula-
tion of New York could ward off for
oign troops which might be landed at
New York harbOr AS a matter Of
fact. civilians who did not take to
their heels Immediately would be or
dered off the streets by those in
charge Of the United States army.
The only real force on which the
government could draw TO ropel an in.
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
ROSE HILL GRANGE.

There was a large attendance at the
regular meeting of Rose Hill Grange
in Rose Hill school house on Wednes-
day evening A number of applica-
tions for membership were received
and approved. A representative of the
Wilmington Gas Company gave an es-
innate on lighting the building with
gas. Several firms submitted prices
on seed potatoes. clover seed and fer
tilizers. The grange will buy at home
where possible. IL is desired by the
officers of the grange that every mem-
Der be in attendance on next Wednes-
day evening when a class of fourteen
candidates will be initiated in the
mysteries of the first and second de-
grees.
Evening journal., 1915-02-20

vasion would be the organized mill
tia Of the various states, which
totals 1898 officers and 119.OS7 men.
All Of these officers and men. how
ever could not be expected to re-
spond. They are under no compul-
sion 10 do SO, and there is doubt as
10 the percentage that would answer
tho call.
% Few persons in the United States
believe that the United States should
have a standing army of the size that
IS characteristic of European coun-
tries. But Il is doubtful whether there
is a single American who does no,
deplore the fact that the United States
army is not adequate even to the or
binary purposes of defense.
No one would have thought tha.
submarines would be able TO break
through the big English feet and
lombard Scarborough and other Eng
lish towns The United States has n
larger coast TO defend. and il is inn
possible for the American fleet to pa
troll every mile of it. II would not be
at all lmpossible-no would it. in
case Of war. be any more improba-
BILE than the German adventure-for
an enemy to push his transports
through and effect a landing on the
American shore. Common sense die
tates precautionary measures. Tho
very least that the country can do rs
to provide a plan that will bring the
national militia closer to the regular
army, and provide for a real reserve
force that could be counted upon i'm
time OF war.
Evening journal., 1915-02-20

There seems to be a general ex-
pectation that beginning today. Feb
iuary Is. German submarines will
wage persistent and ruthless war
upon Great Britain's merchant ships
(and incidentally French), sinking
them on sight with their crews and
passengers, and that neutral ships
under their own flags will be in dan
ger of destruction too. Twelve days
Lave now passed since the German
Admiralty issued its war zone' no.
tice In that extraordinary docu-
ment 1t sought TO justify an lnten-
tion to discard the Declaration OF
London because Great Britain had
not observed IT, The proof Of this
charge offered by Germany is too gem
cral in its character 10 receive serious
consideration Her real complaint Is
that Great Britain now treats food
stuffs as conditional cOntraband to be
stopped absolutely in view Of the de-
cree of the German Federal Council
communicating existing food stocks.
Until that decree issued Great Britain
was bound by Sir Edward Grey's
admission that "loOdstuffs should not
be debarrcd and put into prize court
without presumption that they are IN
tended for the armed forces of the
enemy government"
with such declaration in her
favor Germany's order of cOnfsca-
tion tending to confuse the distinction
between food to be used by civilians
and rations for the army and navy
was incomprehensible. BY the Dec
laratiOn of London foOdstuffs can be
conditional contraband, and some
time ago they were so made by King
Georges proclamation. Germany
herself is responsible for the right
Great Britain now asserts TO make no
distinction between food intended for
the government and military forces
and food intended for consumption by
civilians. The Declaration of Lon
don it should be understood, was
never ratified by Great Britain, but
in this war she considers herself
bound by its articles. subject to modi-
ficatiOns when unavoidable, because
the articles reflect sound interna-
tional law.
Great Britain has certainly COM
mitted no violation of the principles
of international law that would justi-
fy Germany in suspending the rules
providing for the safety of the crews
and passengers of enemy merchant
ships overhauled or hailed by her wal
vessels. 1t is yet to be seen whether
the German Admiralty has any inten
tion of disregarding those rules. The
memorandum of February does say
that It may not be possible to aver
"the peril that thus threatens persons
and cargoes" OF enemy merchan
ships marked for destruction. but tn,
language does not warrant the view
that thp German submarines are OK
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
With The ParagrapherS

Announcement is made that there will be award
of the Nobel Peace Prize this year Those in charge
Of the fund will probably let 1t accumulate into jack
pot. St. Louis Globe
If wheat goes higher meal is the advice of
expert Why not? II is healthy; ii sustained our
forofathers il is good all the way from cakes to
And being the American thing eat IL
ought to fed the common patrotism.-Phladelphi
Ledger.
No possible legislation effect restoration Of the
merchant flag of America TO the high that does
begin with repeal of the archaic features OF the
present navigation laws The reesablishment OF our
merchant marine only be brought about by remov
ing the causes which led TO its decne.-Norfok Vir-
ginan-Pilot (Dem0
A man is not TO be blamed for the name his parents
bestow upon him. nevertheless he may suffer cer-
tain odium because OF It, Hector of liliputan build,
Gladstone with the intellect of oyster ttilate our
vsbe because Of the incongruty between the person.
ality the associations connected with the name
The Agy boy has TO make emphatic hstic impress
sion upon his mates before he discourage their
rdicule and convince them he is a good fellow i'm
spite Of his name.-Detroit Free Press.
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
BY the United Press.

BY the United Press.
WASHINGTON. Feb. 2O.-This gov
ernment will stand firm in insisting
that Germany work no harm on Amer
lean commerce or lives in the death
zone" around she British Isles, accord
ing to official intimations today
Following receipt of the official
text of the German and English re-
plies in the war zone. flag, and VIII
Eelmina protest cases. the official
view was that this nation can pursue
no other course than to insist on its
right
Charges and counter-charges in
connection with the English-German
hunger war. one of the highest gov
ernment officials maintained, ought
not to swerve America from this po-
sition. Real danger, he admitted, lies
in the fact that the United States may
become involved in the argument now
being hurled back and forth between
the two countries, or again. particu-
larly serious trouble might result
from American insistance on MAIN
tanning its national dignity and rights.
Yet. it was contended, America will
find herself embarrassed unless she
now takes a firm, calm position.
Both nations admit in their notes
that they are violating the interna-
tional laws, but they attribute these
infringements, in each instance. TO
their opponents overt acts.
This, however, the official argued,
does not affect American rights, and
if this government permits such con
/ tentions to alter our stands, it was
suggested that we will ultimately fad
ourselves ruled off the seas.
For this reason, he felt the United
States ought not TO answer either the
German or the English note The
FIRST, he held. is unanswerable, be-
under international law, in flying the
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
By The United Press.

By The United Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, Feb 20.-The
greatest of all world fairs. tho Pan
ama-Pacific Exposition, opened today,
without formal ceremonies other than
a vast pageant Of San Franciscans TO
the grounds this morning. Thousands
of visitors saw the pageant.
The Panama-Pacic international
Exposition represents an expenditure
OF S50000.000 The critical judgment
of experts pronounced its eleven main
exhibit buildings. its five courts. $50
pieces of statuary. mural paintings
and lighting effects one of the most
magnificent ensembles of buildings
and grounds ever achieved.
An enormous part of the outlay is
represented in the zone" the amuse-
mont street Of the fair
The exhibit palaces include total
area of 2663.1S3 square feet Sixty
thousand spectators VIII MI this space
the promoters Of the fair declaring
that the exhibits will cover the arts.
industries and resources OF the entire
world and summarize the achieve
ments OF human history.
Not only will the exposition be re-
markable in its exhibits showing but
in its special events. congresses and
conventions. spectacles and pageants.
The Department of Congresses has
listed between 400 and 500 national
and International organizations which
will hold their meetings or conven-
tions here. It is estimated that an
average Of six conventions will be
held every day during the life of the
exposition which will last unit De-
cember T.
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
PAGEANT Opens THE WHIPPING SENTENCES
Great worlds FAIRFOR SOME prisoners

This was plead guilty day" in the
Court of General Sessions, six colored
and two white men appearing for SEN
tence. Judge Rice presiding.
John Manlove. colored. pleaded
guilty to the larceny of two stoves
valued at SO from Henry Johnson and
drew eighteen months and ten lashes.
Theodore Duker, cOlored. pleaded
guilty to highway robbery on Lizzie
Bradley was sentenced to forty lashcs
and to be imprisoned for three years.
Duker will be whipped with twenty
lashes next Saturday and with twen-
ty lashes on the following Saturday.
John Rawlins colorod. pleaded gull
ty. to breaking and entering a dwell
ing house and got three years. Be
cause of his youth the lashcs were
remittcd.
Daniel Stout. colorcd. pleaded guilty
TO stealing four chickens from Lydia
PaNon. in ST. Georges hundred, and wenp
up for two years and twenty lashes..
Charles Braden. culond. Is years old,
next pleaded guilty To stealing furniture
from Iuhnson's Hats. and drew a SEN
tcncc of sis months.
William Miller. colored, GS wears old,
who pleaded guilty to the larceny ot a
chicken, went mp for two months. lie
lashcs were rcmittcd Miller said he was
born slave.
Charles r. West neat-appearing
youth, who said he was 10 years old,
pleaded guilty to breaking and enter
Ing the home of Joseph Franz. He
said that when he was twelve years
old he was committed 10 the Ferris
Industrial School, and has been out
for four years. He was fined $500
and sent up for two years. The
lashes were RENTED.
Following . conference between
Judge Rice. Deputy Attorney General
Chaytor and West. Judge Rice re-
called the sentence and informed
West that the court would parole him
for two years if he could get some
one to take him. West gave the
names of several persons to Deputy
Attorney General Chaytor in the hope
o. getting one of them TO save him
from Jail.
About this time a farmer who was
in court informed the court that he
would arrange to take West,
Albert Barnes. white. pleaded guilty
TO carrying a razor and was fined S25
and costs.
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
MAlL.ORnER MARRIAGES.

xAJILMINGTON wants no mail order marriage mill
w run by sears-Roebuck preachers who to
have higher regard for the almighty dollar than they
have for the holy estate of matrimony.
The people opposed unalterably TO any return
to the disgraooul Grena Green conditions that exist
cd here prior the passage OF the Gormloy Marriage
law two years ago
Tho Gormley Marriage law may not be perfect in
all its details. Few laws The fact remains how
that is has accomplished the thing it framed
accomplish That is that il has put the so-caned
marrying parsons in community out business
and has relieved city and State of the stigma that
ad attached TO them result Of such ministerial
seity
II is because tho Gormley law is effective; it is be-
-Huse il has dismantled and wrecked the old Whining
Ton marriage MILL and il is because the ministerial
millors who have thrown out of employment know
that il never be re-established in its old form,
that certain Delaware preachers inaugurate move
mont to set up a matrimonial mail order system as
substitute for something that paid the ministerial mill
ers such rich tolls on the matrimonial grst they
sround.
Let assume for instant that these
preachers who have worked out this matrimonial
mail order plan for community do not know
what they doing II is much safer 10 as
that they have figured to a nicely what their
profits will be under the scheme proposed and how
ieeply and how quickly they will into the business
f those somber-garbed brethren who are running the
naladorous marriage mill in Elkton with day-and-
hight shifts
Our community sympathizc with the legsla-
tive activities Of these mai-order preachers II
cannot become their partners in their mail mar
Rage scheme. II cannot fail admit however thai
of the cloth who would extend the mai
order business TO cover matrimony, deserving o.
admiration of a certain undesired variety In thei
effort to deny the existence Of colored ndivid
ual in their woodpe; in their work TO senti
ment in favor OF their matrimonial mail order plan
in their effort il that they clerical vote
on hand when and where such votes are most need
ed and in their effort to keep perfectly straight
while seeking affirmative legislation in Dover. the,
have made magnificent display of that Nigh
be devoted ofier purposes than poorly concealed
plan TO cmasculate the Gormley Marriage law
II the legislators wish to know why certain preach
Evening journal., 1915-02-20

Maritime nations. including the
United States. will turn their eyes
with extreme solicitude today to The
waters surrounding the British Isles;
Vessels of many neutral nations are
within the newly created war zone"
bound to and from British ports Ger
manys threat to destroy British mer-
chant shipping by means Of subma-
rines and mines is regarded with dis
quietudo by neutrals for several rea-
sons Not only are neutral vessels
liable to destruction by submarines,
through confusion of identity because
of the British habit of flying neutral
flags, but the danger from submarine
mines is likely to increase
The destruction of neutral vessel
by a German submarine would in
stantly involve Germany in new trOu-
bles. The hope is INDUCED that Ger
many's warnings to neutrala are in
tended 10 frighton ship owners, and
arc not the forerunner of actual as
saults upon innocent commerce If
Germany can scare away vessels
which are now supplying foodstuffs
To Great Britain. we'll and good but
il is uncomfortable that Germany will
deliberately commit acts of war
against friendly nations. BY so doing
she would not only be driving neu-
trails into the camp of the allies, but
she would be deprlving herself of
foodstuffs which the neutrals are anX-
ious TO supply. She would be aiding
England, in short. in the effort to
stave the civil population of Germany.
The prospect is that the neutral
vessels will suffer more from mines
than from submarines. In their dashes
around the British Isle it is certain
that German submarines will strcw
mines. against which. of course. there
Evening journal., 1915-02-20
GEMS OF THOUGHT

o Death in life. the days that arc no more!-Ten-
nyson.
Too busy with the crowded hour to fear to live or
die.-Emerson.
.-.-.-.
For general improvement man should read what
his immediate inclination prompts him to; though
to be If man has science TO learn he regu
larly and resoutely advance. What read with in
clination makes stronger impression. II we read
without inclination, half the mind Is employed i'm fix
ing the attention. there is half to be employed
what read. IL a begins TO read in the mid
die of book. and feels inclination to go on let him
not quit it to go to the beginning He may perhaps
not feel again the nclination.-JOhnson.
.-.-.-
The fact in the American spirit is the pioneer
If could drop everything that by the term
american" and still retain the pioneer" we
should have lost nothing. The pioneer brought
sense to bear the securing of spiritual ends
That is the simple paradox Of his nature that has given
him his power. and has made him enigma TO those
who. explaining too wisely. have failed value his
true wisdom. practical Transcondentasm was in all
he did. He applied the spirit 10 material things; he
used material expedents find the way Of the spirit
Thomas H. Dickinson.