Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-19

army He rode into Rome at the side
of Garibaldi to become the king of
united Italy, but 1t was Garibaldfs
sword which prepared the throne for
him.
Victor Emmanuel III, as the head Of
a constitutional monarchy. is the su-
preme commander of the italian army
and navy in the present war. He has
had military training in accordance
with the traditions Of the house of
Savoy. He is frequently at the front
and picturesque accounts are given OF
his automobile and the supplies which
his views have been considered by
the Italian general staff in planning
the campaigns, but there are no init
nations that he seeks to interfere or
and the other field commanders. His
effectiveness seems to lie in possession
Of some Of the rough and ready quail
tiles of Victor Emmanuel II as a mixer
among the troops.
Crown Prince Humbert, who is in his
eleventh year, continues the military
traditions of Savoy He Is the chief of
the Italian Boy Scouts and with his
tutor and an officer of the army is fire.
quently found engaged in hospital
work.
Should the italian naval operations
become Of moment it is likely that an
other member of the house of Savoy
will be heard from. This is the kings
cousin. the Duke of Abruzzi, who has
made his reputation as a daring ex-
plorer. The Duke of Abruzzi's failure
face of the unwillingness of the royal
family to accord her royal rank Is
the only failure in his record.
A monarch who preserves all the
middle age traditions that king must
he the real war chief of his people is
Nicholas of Montenegro. He leads his
hardy mountaineers in person. They
are few in number. but they are con-
scious of their place in the Balkan sun,
if not in the sun of the whole world.
the great powers, solemnly told the
Balkan states that they must not go
to war with Turkey and that If they
did the great powers would not allow
spoils. it was Nicholas of Montenegro
who scorned the warning and prec1pi-
tated hostilit 'es.
queen Elena of italy is a daughter of
the Montenegrin king.
Belgian's martyrdom has enabled one
crowned head to show that he is worthy
of ruling over a brave people. King
Albert. from the day of the German
inva sion, has been with his troops His
record is one Of the redeeming chap
France once maintained the tradition
that the head of the state must be
military chieftain who could rule by
right of his own might, if not by in
herited title. but the French war ad
ministration has not encouraged the
tradition.
Napoleon III sought to fortify his
power through military prestige. He
was the head of the expedition which
landed at Genoa to aid the Italians in
the war of 1859 with Austria. The
accounts of that period contain de-
scriptions of his charging at the head
of his men and of other exhibitions of
military prowess. but he gave no evil
dence of talent as a commander-fn-
chief.
1t was Marshal MacMahon who saved
the day for him at Magenta. Napoleon
made Marshal MacMahon Duke of Ma
genta as reward. When Napoleon was
made prisoner by the Germans at Sedan.
and the assumed prestige of a Bona
parte as military genius disappeared,
it was the same Marshal MacMahon
who was maintaining the honor of the
French arms
Marshal MacMah hon. royalist that he
was, became president of the French
republic that emerged from the chaos
of the war with Prussia. He was sus-
pected of desire to establish dy-