davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
DAIRY
MISTAKE TO CHANGE BREEDS
start With the Kind Liked Best and
stick to It-cuII Poor Specimens
and Buy Better Ones.

To change breeds every now and
then Is poor practice. One should be
very careful before the particular
breed is chosen. To use a Holstein
sire one year in order to obtain q
large flow of milk. q Guernsey sire an
other year to secure richness Of milk.
and a Shorthorn sire the next time.
is the wrong principle to employ in
the breeding and raising Of good cows
Undoubtedly some good cows will
be obtained In the herd from such
methods Of procedure. but there will
be no uniformity OF size. form, appear.
ance and production, and the owner
has no assurance OF what he is going
to get in the future. II is q case of
too many in the mixture. and II is
guesswork as to which one will come
to the top.
First. select the breed with great
care, then stick to II. II q mistake is
made the first time in obtaining poor
specimens and poor producers. then
rectify the mistake as soon as possible
by selecting the right kind Of a sire
belonging to the same breed to head
the herd. or by selling the animals
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04

Conducted Spence Special
Investigator

He gave some very good and sound
advice on the subject such that
should encourage the stock men 90
greater things.
Friday morning was occupied by
Mr.. Slade who gave a very good lee
ture on the Diseases Of Poultry"
Then followed Mr.. Bryant who con-
tinued his talk Of the day before
and leading up 10 his subject OF
How TO Improve on Livestock"
which was ably handled. Mr.. @. n.
Collins then tried TO discuss the
subject OF Farm Management" from
the point OF managing an eighty
acre mountain farm in order that IL
may be q paying proposition. Mr.
Collins had the sympathy OF those
who never lived on a mountain farm
but fell short in the estimation Of
the mountain farmer. The after
noon was taken up by w. r. Rey-
noIds, DIR. Simmons and Mr.. Spence.
The first gentleman gave a wonder
fully practical exposition on the
Cropping System OF Eastern Ken
lucky" He knows his territory
and gave very valuable information
in that line. DR.. Simmons in speak
ing on the Diseases Of Farm Ami
mails" gave some valuable hints Of
how TO care for. and avoid many OF
the prevailing diseases that animals
are heir to. Our County Agent,
Spence, then talked 10 the point on
practical Farming in the Noun
tains." This closed the program
for the day.
Saturday in conjunction with the
Corn Show and Fair was well filled.
Doctor Mueller became enthused
over the fine display at the Taber-
nacle and when he came before a
vast crowd in the chapel for his
morning lecture. forgot about him
self and the hour and gave one Of
the greatest speeches OF his life.
We regret much that we are not
able To give verbatim report Of
this lecture. His subject was Go
operation" His audience certainly
cooperated with him for nearly two
hours.
AT 4 30 the other side OF the house
was heard from through the mouth
piece. Miss Mary F.. Sweeney, OF IT,.
State University. Home Making"
was her theme and she presented
her arguments for better home max
ing in such way as 10 be convinc-
ing as well as practical. Every one
in the audience enjoyed the address
and we hope that many will take to
heart the things she said and do
better in making the home a place
of attractivcness and pleasure. and
learn better how to prepare the food
for the family. DIR, Mueller then
ended the program Of the three days
Chautauqua by giving his lecture
on Education Of the Farm Boy"
which was filled with common sense
and Justice To the boys.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
INFLUENCE COLOR OF BUTTER
Markets Demand Yellow Tint Which
10 Supplied by Use Of Dyes or
Character Of Cows Feed.

Although II is fact that some dairy
breeds give yellower milk than others.
even though II may be no richer in
fat. the thing OF greatest influence in
color is the kind OF feed the cows
are getting. Market demands call for
a yellow butter, which is supplied in
the creamery by the use Of certain
harmless vegetable dyes. the use of
which dairy laws rightly permit.
The color also can be fed into the
milk and make the use of dyes un-
necessary. Carrots, for example, color
milk and cream quickly. One Of the
natural coloring materials in milk and
butter is called carotin, from carrots.
and this material is found in many
food materials. II is plentiful in fresh
green grass. hence the milk colors
up well in early spring. Alfalfa hay,
cured to have q bright green color.
contains good SUPPLIES of carotin. which
Hay which has lost this green color,
dry corn fodder. silage. straw. yell
low corn and white. wheat. wheat
bran. cottonseed meal and other milled
feeds contain practically none. and
cream from cows so fed will produce
a light colored butter unless artificial
coloring Is supplied. The color adds
nothing to the value or digestibility
OF butter. save In ones mind. but the
market demands a yellow butter all
the year round and the color must
either be supplied in the feed or In
the creamery.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04

hog cholera virus. Scatter fresh air.
slaked lime abundantly about the hog
lots or disinfect with per cent solu-
ton of cresol compound and white
wash the hog houses and fences.
Sick hogs should not be sold; neith-
er should they be driven along public
highways or transported in cars from
place to place, or placed in public
stock yards or pens. In other words,
the only way to properly control this
disease is to isolate It. and though 1t
may work a temporary hardship on the
individual owner to do this. It Is GER
tainly. ultimately. to his interest and
to the interest Of the great body Of
hog raisers. to do all in his power to
establish and maintain a rigid and ef-
fective quarantine with respect to thia
disease.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
cincinnati! MARKETS

Wheat-No. 2 red sll5hm116h,
No 3 $1.OSml.14. No. 4 sl.0lG1.05.
Corn-No. white 67iac, No. 2 white
67m67hc. No. l yellow 67hc. No. 2
yellow 67d67hc. No. mixed 67hc,
No mixed 67d67hc
Oats-No. 2 white 42d42iac. stand.
ard white 40m4lc. No. 3 white 39d 40c.
No. 4 white 36d37c. No. mixed $50
ace. No. mixed 36a37c. No. mixed
34G35c.
Mil Feed-Bran s2Id2l5O. mixed
feed s23, middlings, coarse $24.50dR5,
middlings, fine, s25.50d26.
Rye-No. 2 $1.01g Los, No. 3 CSC %
$l.0l, No. 4 96G9sc,
Hay-No. l timothy $3.50, No. Q
timothy $l6Gle.50. No. . si4G14.50,
No. I clover mixed $l5.25d 1880. No. 2
sl3.25d13.5o. No. l clover SlS.25. No.
2 s1l25.
Butter-whole milk creamery extras
31hc, centralized creamery extras
CSC, frsts s5ho. seconds 2,hc. dairy
fancy 21hc. No. l packing stock lsc.
No 2 tic.
Eggs-Prime hrsts soc. hrsts 27hc.
ordinary frsts 24c. seconds zoe.
Poaltry-Broilers. 2 lbs and under.
lie; flyers, over Q lbs. lac; roasting
chickens, 4 lbs and over. lac: fowls,
lbs and over. l3c: under lbs. IL NC:
under az lbs. SIC; ROSTERS. &c;
ducks, white. 8 lbs and over. l5c; un'
der lbs. 14c; colored. 13q14c: young
turkeys. 8 lbs and over. Ice; hen tur
keys, 8 lbs and over, Ice: old tom turS
keys. 10 lbs and over. Ice.
Cattle-shippers $6.25Qs. extra
eS.10QS.26; butcher steers, extra
37.3507.75, good to choice $6Q7.l5;
common to fair S4.75Q6.90: heifers.
extra 3e.S5d7. good to choice $3.50
s.6b. common to fair S4.6096: cows.
extra $6.75Q6. good to choice $500
SIS, common to fair SS0+.25; Gamers
S3.7593.sb. stockers and feeders
S07
Bulls-Bologna s595.76, extra s6.sS
G6, fat bulls s6Q6.50.
Calves-Extra ss.75Q11, fair to
good t7.6o0l0.76. common and large
t50l0.50.
Hogs-selected heavy shippers
~ 60Q7.s5, good to choice packers
and butchers S7.so07.s6. mixed pack
srs S7s0Q7.6o. stays &tboQ6.b0. CON-
mon 10 choice heavy fat sows $S0s7o,
light shippers 36.s6QT10. pigs (l10
lbs and lsss) S40676.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
PREVENT HOG CHOLERA
Disease Is Greatest Menace to
Successful Swine Raising.
BY Far Most Contagious and Fatal Of
Any Of Ailments Of AnimaIs-in-
lection Carried to Healthy
Herds In Many Ways.

(By J. KAsTLB and r. GRAHAM.)
Hog cholera is the greatest menace
to successful hog raising. II is by far
the most contagious and fatal Of any
OF the diseases Of swine. The disease
IL due to an ultra-microscopic virus
which Is present In the blood, the ex-
creta and In the carcasses OF all infect
ed animals. The infection may be car
ried from infected to healthy herds BY
a number Of agencies, such as run
ming water. birds. dogs. new stock
from infected sources. and also on the
shoes OF persons who have walked
over infected areas. We can only hope
to control. and ultimately eradicate
hog cholera by honest. conscientious
and painstaking efforts on the part Of
all farmers and hog rsisers looking TO
the effective isolation Of all animals
having the disease. scrupulous cleanli-
ness In the handling and care Of hogs.
disinfection OF infected premises. the
burning Of all carcassss Of hogs that
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
FARMERS cHAUTAUQUA AT BE.
REA

II was unique arrangement on
the part OF the managers OF the
Chautauqua TO hold this important
gathering NJ the same time that the
Corn Show aud Fair was on. The
eyes OF the visitors were not only
feasted but the minds were fed
equally. Balanced rations." IL
you please, was the slogan OF the
three days at Berea. A number came
10 Berea for the three days and
Sunday added. Talk about the
farmers not being interested. il is
a mistake. They know a good thing
when II comes their way or they
would not turn out in mass for In
struction in their interests.
On account OF bad luck on the
road the speakers from Lexington
did not arrive in time for the morn
ing session on Thursday. The first
session was held at 200 p. m. Presi-
dent Frost extended 10 the visitors
the same warm welcome that char
acterizes Berea on such occasions.
ID. ID. slade opened the discussion
on the subject Of poultry on the
Farm" which could have been made
mere practical for this section had
the speaker been better acquainted
with the conditions OF this section.
His answers 10 queries were very
satisfactory. T. n. Bryant gave q
very interesting and instructive
talk on Feeding Farm Animals.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
SEPARATION OF SOUR MILK
Pour From One Pan to Another,
Breaking UP curd a. Fine ~ Pos
sIble-Prevents ciooolno.

MIX that has curdled will separate
with difficulty. Such milk should be
thoroughly mixed previous to separat-
ing. by pouring from one can into an
other. In this way the curd is broken
up as finely as possible. so that II will
not clog the machine. The separation
OF curdled milk finally clogs the skim
milk tubes, with the result that more
skim milk passes through the cream
outlet. making thinner cream.
On the other hand. when sour milk
which has not curdled 10 separated.
the cream produced will be thicker.
This Is due to the fact that cream
from sour milk has . high viscosity.
or is less fluid. and . smaller proper
ton of cream 10 delivered. contain
ing . higher per cent Of fat.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04

| taking care Of increased horizontal or
surface acreage are all right In their
way. but to 90 deeper into the farm,
to Increase Its fertility and productive.
ness BY increasing It's depth. Is q mat
ter that the practice Of vertical farm.
Ing accomplishes quickly and econom.
ically. and very often q single car.
fridge Of explosive will convert several
yards Of otherwise useless subsoil into
half an acre Of new root feeding sur.
face. Thus. instead Of spreading out
and embracing more territory, vertical
farming enables the farmer to really
concentrate and BY intensive methods
conserves In both labor and expense.
At the same time the resulting In
crease In crops emphasizes the profit.
able features Of the process.
And there = q practical reason for
this. By breaking up the subsoil oxy.
gen b admitted into the ground. and
the pent up natural fertilizing elements
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
SOME ECONOMIES IN HARVEST
Considerable Portion Of Grain Crop
Lost In Field by Help NesIectina
to Pick UP scatterinos.
(By A. d. WILSON.l

(By a. d. WILSON.)
Il Is possible for careless help to
leave q considerable portion Of the
grain crop in the field by neglectins
to gather up scatterings. loose bun
dies. etc. and by hauling grain on
open-bottom racks.
From few pounds to few bushels
Of grain may be saved every day. dur
ing stacking. by using q tight bottom
rack. or a canvas over the rack that
will catch all Of the grain that IL
shattered out OF the heads.
In seasons when the grain skaters
badly. a surprisingly large amount Of
grain can be saved in this way.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
Deepening the Farm For Bigger Crops
The Third Dimension Of the Farm Important Factor Greater
Crops and Bigger Dividends

OF the lower soils are released and
utilized. A reservoir for the storage Of
water II created, and q good home for
the roots n produced. Good roots
are essential to good plants. Men
who look below the surface realize
these facts. They know also that Q
plant produces only in proportion to
the extent Of air. writer and nourish-
ment given Its roots. Thus Is the new.
er method Of vertical farming both
logical and profitable.
This method Of farming vertically y
In itself easy. simple and labor saving.
A half cartridge charge Of farm pow
der placed well down into the tight
subsoil at intervals OF about q ROD,
tamped properly and fred carefully
will do the work quickly and econom-
icaIly. Subsoil blasting. however, can
be done successfully only when The
subsoil b dry.
Few tools are required for the work.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
Value Of Coal Ashes.

Coal ashes. II Is believed by many
because Of their favorable effect
on many soils. possess considerable
fertilizing value. As q matter of fact
coal ashes contain only traces of fer
tilizins constituents The good results
from their use 10 due TO their loosen
ing or tightening effect ON heavy or
clay soils.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
BEREA CORN SHOW AND FAIR

BEREA CORN SHOW AND FAIR
The third annual Berea Corn
Show and Fair was the greatest Of
any yet held. The Farmers Chau-
taudua which was going on at the
same time attracted the crowd from
the display for a time but did not
interfere with the success OF the
show and fair.
An immense crowd gathered on
the campus around the Tabernacle;
some coming from distances Of
twenty miles or more bringing with
them their farm produce for dis
play. The corn was not as good as
former years on account Of the I'M
favorable season. Everything else
on display was doubled and trebled
over former years, not only in guam
tity but in quality as well. Where
there were five plates OF apples last
year there we're forty or more and
the incest that may be seen any
where. The vegetable display was
increased wonderfully in quality.
The canned fruit display was i'm
mense and would he hard 10 beat for
quality and beauty. The home ex-
hibition exceeded that Of former
years by several hundred per cent
and was great credit 10 those
making the display. The library
exhibit conducted by Berea College
Library consisting Of hundreds Of
books suitable for the farm home
was certainly an inspiration for all
Interested in country life and its
problems. The popcorn exhibit
was marked feature Of the dis
play showing what can be done
with this good Of goodies" Talk
about butter and corn bread: they
were there in quantities and with
all the quality any appetite dare
crave. The poultry show was one
long 10 he remembered: because IL
represented the efforts put forth by
the boys and girls who have taken
much interest in this line. Iurrah
for the boys and girls who are tax
ing the lead in these new lines OF
farming. poultry, hogs. live stock Of
all kinds. vegetables and the canning
of the same. The pig display. and
the houses for them made by the
boys, was n remarkable showing for
them. II looks like the old heads
will have % take back seat and let
the chaps" instruct them on live
stock keeping. The farm imple-
ment display was commendable
feature and should be n prominent
one at every farmers meeting OF
fair These are the things that ap-
peal Ia the farmer and open the
way TO placing such on their farms,
In spite of Democratic speaking
going on nj the other end of town
the crowd remained at the fair and
speaking at the Chautauqua that
appealed % the immediate interests
Of the farmer.
The winners Of the prizes will be
announced in these columns at a
later date.
The award cards were given TO all
the winners; including the contest
ants for better and more beautiful
Berea under the able management
Of Mrs. Marsh and Prof. Smith who
have worked untiringly this sum-
mer in the interests Of the boys and
girls who have been so diligent and
really successful in making their
town more attractive and beautiful.
7, was lesson and valuable one
for them throughout the whole
campaign.
Let us remember this years fair
and corn show and improve upon il
next year. II pays TO get together
with our years work and compare
the same even il we DO not get the
prizes.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
Ordinary Cow Stalls.

The ordinary COW stalls should be
ave feet long from the stanchion back
TO the gutter. This 10 the standard dis
lance and does for all except sbnor-
mally large or small stock. The width
OF the stall varies somewhat with the
breed and sise Of the cows. from three
feet four inches 10 four feet. Three
feet eight inches h . good average.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04

TATIsE farmers are beginning to
wv realize that q farm goes
" farther than length and
breadth. Depth Is vital
factor. and incidentally this third d.
mension has q clearly Identified infiu.
ence upon the producing value Of the
earth's surface
Thus vertical farming" newer
method Of agriculture. ID rapidly de
veloping. Merely to scrape the bris.
ties from q hogs hide IL not enough.
Deeper cutting d essential In order to
reach the bacon. And experience has
shown that 10 simply pillow or turn the
1sp soil ID very often only the scratch
hs Of the surface when u comes to
bumper crops.
Often the productivity Of Q farm =
limited By the tight clay Or hard pan
underlying the top soil. Costly nipple
1snts for ullins this upper col and
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04

already bought. and purchasing bet
ter individuals belonging to the same
breed.
II is usually safer to try 20 improve
within the same breed than 1t is to
improve by changing to a different
breed. There are good individuals and
good strains within any OF the breeds
intended for a particular purpose.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
Measure Of Happiness.

A woman 10 happy when she thinks
she IL better looking than the lady
cashier at the downtown cafe where
bar husband gets his lunches.-Port.
land Telegram.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-11-04
studlss Feed and Land.

The dairy farmer not only studies
how to feed his COW but how to feed
his land. He 10 not q soil robber, a.
he realizes that the farmer VINO re-
duces the fertility OF his land robs
without reason. since he steals from
himself.
In oostensss.
Intimate the distance carefully ere
you try to negotiate it.-Boston REQ
era
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1915-11-11

Miss Kate Hodges, of Barton Hall,
Is visiting Miss Gaynell While, of
Capitol Hill.
Cadets Hamilton and Palmer, of
Charlotte Hall, spent the weekend
with the later's parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
$. z. F. Palmer, of Cherry Grove.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. T. While, Mrs. s.
w. Herbert and Mr.. Harold Herbert
spent Sunday With Mr.. and Mrs.
Webster b. Herbert, Of st. Thomas.
Mr.. Marion Gibson, of Sussex, has
t.een spending the week with Mr.. T. @.
Hodges, of Barton Hall. Mr.. Gibson
was driving his noted runner, ''wm.
Fl. Taft, {" who was stabbed alongside
of Mr.. Hodges Happy Bob. 4"
Happy Bob" Is noted for his driving
qualities, while TAFT" Is noted for
his appetite, eating all of Mr.. Hodges
collars except one steel collar. This
one had several teeth prints on IL,
showing that TAFT" has tackled
everything in reach.
Mr.. Webster Goode lost fine brood
mare last Saturday. Bennie Owens
lost valuable ox-found 10 dead In
the field last week. Miss Jeanette
While lost her last pet Maltese kitten.
Mr.. Geo. Lawrence Is again on the
job selling fine, juicy beefsteak.
Mrs. Josie Burch Is dangerously
Ill at her sons home, Milestown.
Mrs. Samuel Brookbank is slowly
recovering from her recent illness.
Mr.. Carroll Ellis has contracted to
build a church hall for Father Hogan,
near Bowie, Prince Georges county.
Mr.. John Russell will assist him.
There's speed limit which IL Is not
well 10 exceed, either on the road TO
success or the road to ruin. It's as
hard 10 drown your troubles with
drink as to quench fire with gasoline.
GABRIEL.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1915-11-11
Cooling Moth on Apple.

from destruction by insects-an &C
complishment quite within our power.
Among the many insects damaging
the apple crop there are two which
stand out prominently as the most
destructive. These are the curculi0,
the old offender commonly known a.
the plum curculio. and the well
known cooling moth. The damage
done to apples alone in the state OF
Missouri by these two insects In q
year when an average crop 10 borne
runs into millions OF dollars.
In controlling these and other In
sects. apple growers should apply
their arsenical sprays at times when
they will be OF the greatest possible
service. There Ii a limit to the num-
Der OF sprays which can be profitably
applied, especially since In many cases
IL is also necessary to give separate
spraying fungicides at times when
an insecticide is required, or vice
versa
Spraying Is the chief method of
control Of curculiO and codling moth
number Of other natural or artificial
checks against both insects which de-
serve mention.
banding of the trees to capture the
descending worms Of codling moths
as they search for place for pupa-
ton was a practice even before
spraying for codling moth was begun.
1t has been shown that they will
sometimes capture as high as 40 per
cent OF the worms upon the tree, but
II cannot be considered q practical OBJ
Grafton when such far better results
can be accomplished by spraying.
When bands are used they must be
looked after every ten days and the
worms destroyed, to prevent the
moth from maturing and making It's
escape. II this Is not done they win
only offer safer hiding places and do
more harm than good. They are
sometimes useful in trapping the first
emerging worms In the summer In or
der to forecast the date OF appear
ance Of second generation worms.
Cultivation of orchards Is one OF the
best of procedures for curculio de-
struction- IL keeps the orchard free
from many OF the desirable hiberna-
tion places for the adult. and 1t un-
questionably destroys a high per cent
Of the insects In the ground.
There are many useful natural I'm
sect parasites and other enemies Of
both curculio and codling moth which
attack them in practically all their
stages and assist very materially In
preventing the damage from them be.
ing far greater than IL Is.