davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
One Regiment Makes 1872.
Miles in Five Jays and
Fights without Rest.

BERLIN. "a pr. L o The prodig-
ious marches accom- lished by some
OF the German troops, especially be-
fore the battle Of Tannesberg and in
the last battle of the Masurian Lakes,
have moved a local historian 10 make
comparisons with famous
marches of other days. He concludes
thatno troops have ever before made
such a record h in this respect as the
soldiers now in the armies in the
East.
An average march, he says,His 20
to- q miles. but three days, a
day OF rest is observed 81 this pace
has been kept On the lam GUS re-
treatFor tho 10000 Greeks under
after the battle of Kun
AKA in 4O1 b. G., from near Ba by
lon to Trapezuntf on the Black Sea-
the average days march was 4 s 81; I'd,
miles, but this averaged sWasFsecur
ed by several forced marches Of 2.
IL miles. and the u normal days
march about Is Ia miles.
A striking accomplishment was
that of Napoleo n's guards, who coy
cred Ito miles in six days on their
march to take part in the battle OF
Jena, and that over bad roads
through the Thuring ian forest. The
Ninth 6 erman army corps with ex-
haustinEtmarcIersb behind lit. covered
As miles from the vicinity OF Blois to
Orleans in 36 hours on December 6
and II !. $40 : over a muddy road.
and was ready to fight the next day.
One East Prussian regiment has
marched 122 miles in five days to
Join Hindenburg's army. and took
part in the battle Of anneberg IN
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
A|.V||N||||U.|.|A|......R||.L|'.,A|D|
ASSUIB}SSII|
FOR 9IIR|JRBE|Y'
Departn of sAgriic ulture Tells
How to Max Grounds
Seem Less Bare.

WASHINGTON. April j few
well-choEen annual plants placed on
newly graded grounds will d oSmuch
to taketth e4pIacet of trees and shrubs
until the 1atter#have time to grow
according to the "A United States de-
parment Of agriculture specialist.
1T is often "a question IN new COM
nlunity where s1oW+groWing vegeta-
ton has not had an opportunity. as
to what may doneFto make grounds
seem less bare. IA lawn can be made
in few weeks and I its appearance
may be greatly increased by the ad-
adition of few well-chosen ANIMALS.
The specialist suggests as particu-.
larly suited for this purpose the fol-
lowing plants. which may be grown
in most parts OF the Omitted States:
Tall foliage plants Castor bean.
caladium. Gamma ~.
Tall Towering plants Cosmos,
scarlet sage, sunflowers.
Border plants .7 lternanthera.
alyssum. ageratum, coleus.
Medium-tall annual Towering
plants. G Uranium, California poppy
tEschsch oltzia1 n Zfnnia. manifold,
nasturtiun. vi &.
dens, moonflower. japanese morning
glory. II ifiitt5 rs,
Varieties4in color and contract, in
height and general effect should be
studied in piacingkthe plant.es
The general appearance OF the
plants on the home grounds or in
the garden is m oresor less dependent
supOntft1e condition OF nearby lawns.
Lawns are the foundation of all dec
.orative planting. a good well-kept
lawn contributes more to the beauty
of grounds than any other single fac
tor. For this reason special atten-
rtion should be given to the grading,
cultivation and enriching OF the area
to be devoted to the lawn. After
good preparati on come good seed and
care.
The variety OF soils which will be
encountered and the special treat
ments which they need render it
possible to make only the broadcast
generalizations here. For localities
north OF st. Louis, NJ o. and Richmo nd
Va, always can be formed chiefly OF
bluegrass, red top and white clover
South OF this point Bermuda grass
and st. Augustine grass will have
to be relied upon chiefly, although it
is said that in some places alfalfa
has been employed with good results.
The United States department OF
agriculture has bulletin on lawn
Soils and Lawns Mo- 4941. and a
bulletin on @Beautifying the Home
Grounds. No. IS i, (which wi IL be
sent to applicants astlongsas the sup
ply lasts.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
dies L.EGI.A|.L..l'Y
TO GET RID
Of HIS |: WIFE.
BY Hiding3So That He Can M ar.
ny Another Woman is the
Charge Made. 4.

N.Y. SAN DIEGO, Cal, Apr. 10
Charges that Anselmo Sosa, who re-
appeared month ago. after an alb
sence Of twenty years, was aware
that proceedings were Instituted in
j 91O to declare him legally dead, but
that he remained in hiding for the
purpose OF getting rid of his wife SO
that he might marry another W oman,
are contained in a document filed in
the superior court by Attorneys Ans
drews and Lee. The attorneys also
charged that Sosa had remarked. His
former. wife, thinking her husband
dead, remarked several years ago,
and is now living happily with her
family at Berkeley.
Sosa's petition to be legally resur-.
rected has been argued before Judge
Guy, and will go to trial April 81. 1T
developed that Sosa has no desire to
see his former wife, now Mrs. Mary
Bruce, or Berkeley, and she has no
desire to see him AS she Is outside
the Jurisdiction or the court. she cam
not be brought to San DiegoEto iden-
tify Sosa as the man to whom she
was married, and who disappeared
twenty years ago. AS her ident ifica-
ton, Is vital to the application for
Sosa's restoration#tol legal life. an eff
fort will be made to get her identiti-
cation by sending her photograph
of Sosa.s
The petition Of Sosa to be declared
alive is being cornbatted by John
8zWeck. administrator OF his estate,
who has an interest in property on
Logan avenue, which Sosa claims to
have purchased more than quarter
OF a century ago. Zweck purchased
tile property from Mrs. Sosa after
the. disappearance Of her husband.
Should sSosa be restored he will claim
10 be the owner Of the lots. \. ".
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
In Germany, Number Of Uner1i
ployed Being Less Thanf,a
Few Months Ago.

.BF1RLIN, April 4 0 The latest gov
eminent: summary of conditions in
the labor market shows that further
improvement was registered In AIN
uary. IN a total OF 7 .240 900 workmen
organized in F35 branch associations
The number Or persons without en-
pioyMent was only 60 per cent, as
compared with Z q per cent in Deem
per. n The percentage fof unemployed
for January varies little from previous.
years and is regarded as quite salts
factory for the nlid-Kinter mon th.
TSin1il lar reports were sent in by the
public emp loyment bureaus. Near the
end tss1ast August these had 15Os6e2s
more applicants for work than they
could ssa4isfy but on FebruaryE13 the
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11

all men8proclaimedsas brethren. Thus.
the doctrine Of broth erhopd or fra
ternity Is based upon atherhnpd OF
the divine paternity of GOD, the.
Fatherhood of God and the 9th
serhoOd OF man. N s3 IA ~ u y;
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11

Johns Ho land serving a. six months IS
term {. n: at hard labor after conviction
OF OF violation OF the Johnson pistol TOT
ING M law ran away from the Sofncar I'll
cha sof5 gang Of prisoners who
We're We're York on the county roads
TINS. week. He has not been appra-
hended. 1SsS. l1ls- ssssS
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
Marching Records Are
Smashed bv Germans

Z 9p ! y -
said of continued e fort $ on the part
OF two Americans to blackmail him.
The efforts to commit suicide were
not successful. however, and Soon
is now on! the road to- recovery u
the meantime the uthorittes ard
prosecuting the case towards sdndinRs
out who the blackmai lcrs are and linz
portant Developments in the case are
expected 5i25ss
The board OF education of Grafton
independent district open 81 bids Mon
day on $1lO, 600 in 5 per cent school
bonds, Which were antho zed by vote
or this district last July IA fter cam
vassing the bids, the name Of the suc5
icessflll bid der was held up far aSweek
pending the settlement Of some. Min
Old tails in regard to the bonds Sew
.eral Ohio firms were the princiDa15
bidders for the bonds. ss r.
Charges have been 3E preferred nv
SlaYish miners against an 4unknoWn
Russian miner in the Ii employso Of the
Maryland Coal Company at FLEMING d
Ton, who isG said to have assaulted as
say. Fhe4 man was bad ly jurcdss
/ having lnl several lbs broken and d
An NJ 1 er.. ofS$cuts about the head %andi1
\ o . The Russian ESCAPED from the
him The injured ma II was taken MI
ia Elarksburg hospital and is exnecfasis
to recover. s sSSSss
John land serving a six nionths3s.
Term term "a hard a,bor after convict Ion
q 81 VOCATION OF the Johnson pistol TOT;
slns laR. an g from the officer IN
charge q Ss 81 gang OF prisoners who
We're sat8 work on the county roads
this week. He has not been apnra-
hended. l1lstSa Az
Now that the state statutes ma la u
it mandatory for each county To- have
q sealerSof Weig hts and measures tIlass
various counties are CON ronte With
the dltf1culty OF getting 81 Off cial meas
5ures and weights for testing purpos.
ses: An investi alton recently fby au-
thoritie OF this count will heads o.
the state University disclosed the fact
that such measures would cost $1,000
$Consid ering this too much for each
county to spend, g movement is On
foot for the state to secure such
weights and measures and then per
NIT them to be circulated between ttas
EtAhAOAos 20 =l0E USE
| MIR. C::sI4 kimmel !, a prominent bus
mess man, was badly injured II ti1fs
week blythe fall OF a stab On which
he was sitting while superlntendIng
the work OF tearing the BUILDING
down. Vithout warning, the Sbnild
ing collapsed and Mr. KimmeI and
two Worlunen were thrown To lie@
ground, but cdF. Kimme vast he mos
seriously hurt. though no; ibonesz are
thought to have been broken.
as the Tygarts Valley Tennis Asso
citation, IS being formed among
tennis players OF Graf 6n. Kin
sphilippi. EIkins a5alttn Etons Weston
and Buckhannon Clubs have been
formed In each town and TcE
playing schedule has been arfanE 81
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
ORCHARDS o.
TAYLOR AR':
PEST RIDDEN
Vigorous Methods Adopted to
Root Outsthe D estructiVe
San Jose Scale.

GRAFTON, IA pr. II %. An inspection
OF all OF the orchards In Taylor coun-.
ty has disclosed the fact that there
are many cases of the San Jose scale
among the fruit trees in this county.
The OF the inspe hasEarou
ed the orchardis lists sto the Importance.
OF fighting the scale and vigorous
methods have been ado ted to root out
this tree disease.
Lee Soon. a wealth Chinese laun-
dryman OF A this city, attempted to-
take his life by cut Ing his throat with
II razor this week, as the result II ~
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
EXPORT OF 20 lU.LTRiY
y Prohibited IN Russian in Order to
Consume Food Supply.

LONDON. April 1o.=---1 n. order to
conserve her supplies of food Russia
has prohibited the export Of poultry,
dead or alive. The PouIt World
states that all available supp les Of
poultry IN Risaia are being collect
ed and shiDped to inland for preser-
times, England imports MOI thly near-
NV ~ nd \ ion dol lars WORTH OF Russian
hens and chickens.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-24
SERBIA REJECTS BID
FOR AUSTRIAN PEACE
Nation Acccdes to Italy's De-
mand Regarding Albania,
Says Premier.
ARMY TO ACT AGAIN SOON

Milan. Aug. 23.-Premier Pachitch Of
Serbia in an interview published to-day
In the Corriere Della Sera says hat
austria has tried repeatedly since the
beginning of the war to make a separate
peace with Serbia. but each time has
met with a fiat refusal from the Serbian
Government. Premier Pachitch Is opti-
mistic with regard to the proposed
formation Of a new Balkan League,
promulgated by the Allies.
hat Serbia has given in to Italy re-
sarding Albania and Is willing 10 Dow
IN the decision of Europe" Ia one OF
the assertions made by the Serbian
statesman in the newspaper article. His
Government. he emphasizes. is eager for
a friendly solution of the Auriatic
question with Italy. recognizing Italy's
predominant position In tina field.
continued efforts have been and are
being made by Serbia to come to n
mutual understanding with Bulgaria
with . view to conserving the vital in
terests of both nations, NJ. Pachitch
asserts.
Sanitary conditions and the temporary
lack OF supplies, the Premier asserts,
hre responsible for the recent inaction OF
the Serbian army, but he promises that
when the moment comes the serbia n
troops will fight steadfastly and In ac-
cord with the armies OF Serbia's allies,
true TO the principle OF the Balkans for
the Balkan peoples"
In conclusion VI. Pachitch tells of
an agreement for the exchange between
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-24
SINKING OF ARABIC CHEERED.
German Meeting at Elisa beth
Adopts ANTI merican resolution.

ELIZABETH, y. j., Aug. 23.-Cheers
from the 200 delegates greeted the adop-
tion OF "A resolution here to-day by the
Germnn-American Alliance asserting
that the sinking OF the steamship Arabic
was justified and that neu,rais shouii
take warning and keen on warning ma
lions SHIPS which sail In the war zone"
The text of the resolution follows
Whereas the continued sale BY
AErerica Of arms and munitions OF wal
to the enemies Of Germany is directly
responsible Tor thousands OF deaths and
the ~wounding ~ thousands more and
Whereas protests against such sales
by a neutral country have been un-
needed,
u 1t resolved. that the German
American Alliance OF Elisabeth declare
the sinking Of the Arabic as justifable
and deserved.
"Be II resolved, that the Alliance in
dorse Germany's submarine policy and
extend to her marine commanders the
unstinted praise TO which they are en-
titled.
"Be II resolved, that travelling Ameri-
cans, to escape the dangers OF the war
Zones. be- urged to make use of the ships
OF neutral countries.
BE 1t further resolved, that the SYM
pathy OF the Alliance be extended to
Germany in her hour OF trouble"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-24
BRYAN GLAD 7. R. CAN'T
PLUNGE US INTO WAR
Says Colonel Would Have
Country Fighting If He Were
in Wilson's Place.

M~lNNEAPoLIs, Aug 23,-Winiam Jen-
nings Bryan, ex-Secretary OF State, re-
peated his expressions of admiration for
President Wilson In Minneapolis to-day
and his contrary opinion OF Theodore
Roosevelt. He declared that II Col.
Roosevelt had been President he would
have plunged the country into war Both
expressions were emphatic.
diplomacy has not Yet concluded it's
work said Mr.. Bryan, discussing the
sinking ~ the Arabic, AM even II diplu.
matte efforts fail we have recourse to the
treaty plan, which must he escorted to
before going 10 war with such belligerent
nations ar Italy, France, Great Britain
and Russia"
This statement was elaborated by Mr.
Bryan by the explanation that the
thirty cooling of" treaties had been
signed up with these countries.
From this phase of the international
discussion MIR, Bryan suddenly switched
to u discussion OF the recent interview
accredited to col, Roose welt, Mr.. Bryan
said
Yves, | have read Mr.. Roosevelt's
interview lie insists that the breaking
off OF diplomatic relations would not be
harsh enough, He wants deeds, by
which. ! presume, no means war.
We'll, fortunately he does not now
act for the American people. II he
were President we would have been
In this war long ago, The country has
reason to be grateful that we have a.
President II man who loves peace and
who is trying to hnd a peaceful way
out of our dispute with both Germany
and Great Britain"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-24
THINK u. 5. CAN GET
$%5OO,OOO,OOO QUICK
Bankers Here Believe Biz Bond
Issue Would Have Ready
Sale.
BRITISH LOAN DELAYED

p,,,o. ,r .,,,,
" ~
alu Shou'u inc SAFE 81 e F''"'''".' Is.
sue or United states bonds '.r r.| ...
defence be decided ON sail. ..-,..r.
,,a,, 1, tho o,.,,
10 o.
diplomatic relations WIN '''. H.. ''r
amount would readily 10, ...,. .. d.
cou,,rv The n,tri,,g. r..,
- -
ii o'ea" "ou'u "'"""' "'".. '
opinion, insure the surCusr'u. 49,, .r
bonds. A loan of his ,,. ..y.,
,ha, hold ,,o,,id 10
part vi 'he 'oNe'"'''"' 'fN.'' -
II a break with GcrmaI. .Hp3.I ,u.e
The Government las .,, ..,
inundated forr,lty
-, 80 j"
III. Lt,5 4, 5000
haIIoy.d hau.a,a. 81.
Traasnr, "a. "' %
~, " 80 '' '.. N' '
navisana - '' Do
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-24
ARABIC ISSUE SENDS
STOCK PRICES DOWN
Vigorous Recovery After
Heavy Selling Movement
Market Ready for Crisis.
BROKERS EXPECT CLASH

The most depressing effect OF the sink
ing OF the Arabic on the stock market
was felt yesterday morning when~a sell
ing movement OF continued but orderly
character sent prices down 3 to 9 points
from Saturdays closing. The afternoon
saw a vigorous recovery. The market
closed with a number Of stocks at or
near the previous closing.
The action OF the market, In the opin-
ion OF some close observers. has already
discounted In large part a breaking of
OF diplomatic relations with Germany.
Since Wednesday. the day before the
sinking OF the Arabic. the war stocks
have fallen from ! to q points, taken at
the low point OF yesterday.
II was felt thai the orderly and grad
ual nature OF the drop. scattered over y
| period OF several days, as II has been,
has removed the fear OF panic and placed
the market In a strong position to with
stand a severance OF diplomatic rela-
lions.
Wall Street men said yesterday that,
though such "A severance mig ut cause a
| further temporary break. 1t Is believed
nat li'lN NOtlh NC a SAAh 'oNNAcAf w
ward almost Immediately after.
The financial district displayed no
signs OF panic or extreme
yesterday. At the opening OF the market
prices were steady and an upward move
ment almost Immediately set In. This
was accompanied by a rumor h IA news
had been received I'm Washington that
the German Government had offered an
apology for the sinking OF the Arabic.
on "A denial OF this report from the State
Department selling began. Stock Ex-
change houses reported that while this
was heavy the sales were not in large
blocks. as when stocks are being thrown
overheard wholesale. The selling was
largely from the commission and wire
houses.
Steel declined from 7l% to 67a.
Westinghouse lost 3L points from the
high price of the day S~tudebaker. 9L
Baldwin Locomotive, 6la Crucible Steel.
s.. Bethlehem Steel. 1912.
The turn was sharp when II came.
Steel led the upward move with "A rush
of strength hat was convincing to the
followers OF the market who believe in
a continued bull market. war with Ger
many or not. In a long list of trans
actions printed on the tape at the heavl-
est point Of the market Steel went
from bbL 10 81 "a, the low Of the DAY,
In a sharp dip, and in the same run of
printed quotations came back even more
quickly thar IL had declined. the string
OF figures closing with the stock at
6S7s
Banking opinion regarding war with
Germany IL divided Some of the bank
ers plainly look for "A break diplomatic
ally, and probably war, but others think
that while the situation IL serious peace
will be preserved.
The stock market community expects
a break with Germany, but feels that
Ii good part OF the effect has been pro-
vided for in the decline OF the market
Of the last three business days.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-24
FRENCH CAPTURE
TRENCHES IN VOSGES
Take Defence Lines Near
Muenster After Spirited
Fighting.
ARRAS BOMBARDED AGAIN
Special cable Despatch 10 THE srS.

SpeCiut tnDfe DeSDutCN 10 I'VE ~"
PARIS, Aug. 23.-French batteries
were turned on the German trenches on
the crests OF lie Linge and the Barren
kopf. In the vosges. last evening. and
after the German forces there had been
pretty completely disorganized the
French troops charged onward and
captured a considerable line OF defences
There has been comparative calm else
where on the French front during tht
last t~wenty-four hours. Some effective
work has been done at various points
the War ONCE says, by the French ar
tillery. Hand grenade fighting has en-
livened the trench life In Artois. where
there has been the customary cannon
aiding as well.
Thu afternoon statement said
In the Artois district. in the sectors
Of Souchez and Melville. there was
rifle firing last night. together with
fighting with hand %grenades. but no
infantry engagements. the
Somme and the Disc and on the
p~lateaus between the Oise n the
A!sne the ~cannonading was fairly
spirited on both sides yesterday.
In the Argonne there were short
engagements with bombs and hand
grenades on the western outskirts OF
Funtaine Madame and in the Forest
Of Bolante.
In the Vosges. on the crests of the
L.inge and the Barrenkopf. following
a spirited fight which took place after
a preparatory Are OF particular
severity. we were successful in gain
ing possession of some OF the eneiny's
trenches. On the remainder OF the
front last night passed without In
cident.
During the day OF August % French
aviators ~bonbarded the railroad sta
tons at Lens. Henin-Lietard and Loos.
all in the Department OF Pas de
Calais. as well as the railroad line
between Lille and nouai.
Tho night communicate was as fol
lows
In Artois. to the north Of Souchez,
and In the sector 81 Melville and Roc
incourt there was the usual artillery
activity by both sides. The enemy
threw n number OF bombs on Arras.
Montdidier and Rheims. Effective re-
suits from our return fire on the
trenches and batteries OF the enemy
have been observed al several points,
In Champagne, m the front between
Perthes and Beausejour there was "A
lively combat with grenades and
bombs. Before Ville-sur-Toube one of
the enemy's advance trenches was
completely destroyed by the explosion
Of one OF our mines.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-24

That engine room force was wonderful.
The third engineer. who took the orders,
responded with never a culver In his
voice. Not one man left his post, and.
mind you. they all knew what sticking
at their posts meant. for when the tor
pedo hit us the poor old Arabic staggered
like n drunken man. The great mass Of
almost 10000 tons was actually slowed
around by the force of the impact.
"As soon as way was of the ship |
ordered the engines stopped and again
my order was repeated in absolutely
level tones. At the same moment I
shouted to the men at the falls in the
boats to lower away. Every boat landed
In the water on a level keel. perfectly.
Unfortunately three OF them did not get
away quickly enough and capsized as The
Arabic began to settle rapidly by the
stern.
ut was a dreadful sixty seconds: at
the last the ship was %standing up nearly
straight on her stern. | was standing on
the lower side of the bridge rail and
could see the water rushing up at me.
II was not at all as II we were going
down II actually seemed as II a mighty
flood were engulhIng the ship.
1T looked like a case OF Goodbye
Wnltsg1' because In the last Ave Sec
-" Hi"u'S sI'u "oWn"aru. onc
sIopPeu nNe u sho'' boWh went down.
uo"H, uVWh' never expected To come
up alive. but the e thing I knew my
neau cahe up against the bottom OF a
.Si' WIN iNiui iorce' Inc shock served
" '"eer me enough 10 make my way
i'oun ucheatn u.
81 think that one lesson that might
ne learned from this war - the adj
70 oIh'y vi ehhlhs TOT All time the
u't'oh OF ols ships'
ms poSl.Ion u " Impossible Tor
~, "'"N. 'olnp"r!sohs' ou' 'he iacts
uaas .u"i'.hS'He ny uInerehce pc
,n,na.s 80 wv en'ps VI sfea.er
1ho h,,ht, 49, - su"M az sea'
anv cr,,, ,ha, So w. ,"an
H. wa, honan " wv" 'p"'e" '"'e
"Rn,o,,s ha,n ,.. -
af,cep mt,utos hn, ,La ,n',h ~ -
the ship disnnneo rod en- i,s, civ rai,u,as
after she was struck
"of cours. tho ,ao, ,na, mn loo,
only thirty-nInc out ~ tho s,ur h,n-
dred I'd twen,v.nine nm hoard na.
largely due IN tho nrenoro,tans NC
had made orci,s, ,,,s, uho, hann.,ad
Also there was IN. fac, ,hot ,ho arahI,
STAYED ON an evon loo, ,t, H., lac, 80
ute whom sh, aet,led M, ,ha &C. ara
pointed her nose In tho a,r ,,a, snah,ad
us 10 Iaunch hoats fron ho,h s,Sa.