Norwich bulletin., 1915-05-04
THE WAR PRIMER By National Geographic Society

Serajevo, always one of the most fruitful breeding places in Europe of
 consp!racies and revolts, first against | the Turks and then against the Aus trlans, and which, as the tiny, un- known Bosnian town where the spark ignited that famed forth into the greatest war of the ages, will hence forth be known to every school child | Of every land, is the subject of to- days National Geographic Society war | zone sketch. Serajevo, the scene of
 the assassination of the Archduke
 Francis Ferdinand, heir-apparent to
 and his wife, the Duchess of Hohen-
 berg, which event provided the oc-
 casion for the division of all the na- | tions of Europe against one another, afs | described as follows:
 One of the beauty spots of the | Balkans is that occupied by the Bos-
 nian capital. Serajevo. It is built up-
 on the River Miljacka, a small tribu-
 tary of the Bosna, and spreads over both slopes of the narrow valley to l the rugged hills. Partly oriental, and | wholly set in the green and emerald
 of its gardens and neighboring we'll | wooded hills, Serajevo is frequently
 called, The Damascus of the North | The city lies in the southeastern cor
 ner of Bosnia, 122 miles southwest l
 tion of 50,O00 and thriving commerce
 and industry, Serajevo has been fast
 losing its Eastern character, recon l structing the old Turkish city to con-
 form to the purposes of Western pro- gress.
 ''Serajevo is an important commer- cial entreport, a distributing center
 for Bosnia, Herzegovina, Dalmatia
 and Montenegro. Its large bazar is a
 favorite market place for the peasants l0f Ia ,z11 IL. | mission houses conduct the exchange | or Bosnian agricultural and mineral | products with the manufactories of | other parts of the empire. It has pot | teries, silk mills, a tobacco factory,
 and large individual, or house indus | try, which produces fine embroiders,
 rugs, embossed and filigree- work l "Serajevo was founded in 1262 by
 the Hungarian General Cotroman, and
 was enlarged by the Turks and se-
 lected for their administrative Bos- | nian headquarters. Following the largely rebuilt and has been steadily l increasing in prosperity. Its inhab-
 itants are mostly Serbo Greats, who
 hate the Austrians, yet many of whom
 declare that their newfound prosper
 ity is entirely owing to the neF
 regime. Serajevo has been a contin- ual seat of antil-Austrian agitation
 and propaganda for generations, ! which eliminated in the assassination | of last summer"
 l Fiume-As the price of peace, Italy
 is reported to be expecting from Aus 1 trla-Hungary the surrender of the | Dual Monarchy's entire seacoast. 1 These expectations are said to amount | to demands as regarding Trent, Triest, | Istria and Plume. In connection with | showing the true significance of such 1 demands, how great is the payment l demanded by Italy for her continued neutrality, the National Geographic Society, following it's description of | Triest, issued today a statement deal
 ing with Plume, the sole seaport of | the Kingdom of Hungary. The state
 nent reads:
 l Austria Hungary carries on it's bus mess with the outside world through | it's great ports, Triest and Plume.
 The future of it's overseas commerce
 is largely bound up with the develop ment of these cities; for Triest and
 Plume are the New York and Boston
 of Austria-Hungary, or, better, they
 are the Dual Monarchy's Hamburg
 and Bremen. Plume is the only out
 let of the Hungarian kingdom to free | water, and the Hungarians have spent
 millions of dollars in their endeavor | to make it a model port. The great
 Austrian port and the Bulgarian port are keen rivals, and, during the last few years, Plume has grown some
 what at the cost of its northern neigh | bor.
 Owing to the deep interest which | the Hungarians take in their coast city, the bushes of Plume has grown
 rapidly. There are several harbors | one for coasting vessels one for tim Der, and a. general harbor, begun in | 1872, and capable of accommodating
 about 200 large vessels. It is pro- 1 tected by a brealxwater more than half
 @ mile in length, and is hanked by a l great, modern quay more than two miles long. The wharves and eleva- | tors are equipped in the most up-to-
 date fashion for the handling of a
 huge inflow and outflow of trade. The
 waterfront, as the rest of the city, is | lighted by electricity.
 l "In 1910, Plume was entered by
 17,sS0 vessels of 3,O31,3S tons. In
 approximate figures, its business to-
 tailed s55,000. 900, divided into an ex-
 port bushes of $35,000, 900 and an inn port trade of $2O,O00,OO Its trade is | thus about one-half that of the port of SanFrancisco. Its exports consist chiefly of the agricultural products of
 Hungary, grain, flour, sugar, timber, l horses, and some manufactured wares. | The principal imports are coal, wine, | rice, various minerals, fruit, jute, | chemicals, oils and tobacco. There | are several industrial establishments | in the city, among them Whitehead's S
 royal tobacco factory, flour mills,
 tanneries and rope factories. The
 fisheries of the city are important, 1 Quarnero Gulf being filled with food | fishes.
 | -sFiume is picturesquely situated at | the head of the Gulf of Quarnero, at | the southern base of the Istrian tri- angle, 40 miles southeast of Triest, or | about 70 miles away by the railroad | through the mountainous coastland. The cifY has mora than hn nnn nnnl1la .