davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09
Mrs. S. seflonberg vs..
Henry Eskfne.


Henry Hskine
II X VIRTUE oFgtlnd in obedience
- to an order otissale issued IN
the above entitled cs-a on the docket
Of the second rdlluastice court for
the parish Of Asce. Sion, Louis Mol
lere, justice of the peace. and 70
me directed for execution, will rroe
coed to sell at public auction, at.
the office Of the second ward JUS
@tice court IN Port Barrow, Ascension
parish, on
y SATURDAY, JANUARY %, 1916,
at II o'clock a. m, the following de-
-scribed property, to-Wit.
One white horse.
One four-Wheel bakers cart.
Terms and conditions Cash In
United States currency.
JOHN RAMIREZ,
Constable Fourth Ward.
Donaldsonyille, La, Jan. 1915.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

Miss Freda Singer was the guest
Of friends in New Orleans for the
New Year festivities.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

]. G. Dabadie and Paul Gisclaro
went to New Orleans last Saturday
afternoon, returning Sunday night.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

Mr.. and Mrs. Ulysses l.. Rodriguez
and children, of Faubourg la Pipe,
returned Sunday night from an en-
joyable two weeks visit to relatives
in New Orleans. g.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

Misses Lou an May Dalferes, of
Belle Alliance, " e the guests TINS
week of Miss Althea Fortler.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

Chief of Police Robert Dill offers
a reward of SIS for any information
leading to the identification of the
person Or persons who destroyed
several of the evergreen trees re-
Gently planted in City Park and 9TH
erwise despoiled property in that
playground. Depredations of this
character cannot be too severely
condemned, and Chief Dill is deter
mined to break up the practice by
making an example of the first
wrongdoer he can convict of the of
Tense.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09
4 OST-REWARrs

4 AUEING CHRISTMAS WEEK, sterling silver
~ combination card md vanity case. Own
er's name and addresgBvritten inside. Mono
gram II. S. b. engraved on outside. A suitable
reward will be paid for the return Of the article
to Ct. y. BENTLEY, DonaldsonYilIe.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09
SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 1915

Miss Amelie Gre spent Sunday in
New Orleans. ..
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

The Great International Shows, fea
turing sixteen high-class attractions,
will open a weeks engagement In
Donaldsonville next Saturday eve
ming. under the auspices of the To-
cal tribe of Red Men. Sensational
free acts will be presented daily,
and assurance is given that the en-
tertainment throughout will be clean
and refined, and altogether worthy
of patronage The attractions VIII
be located on the show grounds OPP
posite the Catholic church.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

E. A. Thibodeaux went to New Or
leans this morning to view the
ceremonies in connection with the
peace centenary celebration, and will
return tomorrow night.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

MISS Hilda Park, one of the ca
papie teachers of the Edgard high
schooi, was in town the past week
end as the guest of her relatives,
the Misses Won Lotten.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

Miss Lillia Comeaux left Sunday
LOT New Orleans, where she will
spend a while as the guest of her
sister and brother-in-law. Mr.. and
Mrs. Walter A. Landry.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09
. CONsTABLEss SALE.

State Of Louisiana Parish Of Ascen-
sion Second Ward Justice Court.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

Leo sehoeny, of Smoke Bend, one
OF the bright students of St. Jos
ephs Commercial Institute, spent
the fuletide holidays at his home in
Acadia parish, returning last Tues
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09
BANK OFFICERS ELECTED.
Two Changes in Board Of Directors
of Local Institution.
Tho ctopkhn1derc r

The stockholders of the Bank of
Ascension metp annual session at
the bank Tues Az forenoon for the
purpose of elect directors for the
current year. new members Of
the board were hosen in the per.
sons of Messr Henry Meter and
Clarke Lebermhfh, who were named
to succeed Messrs. Clerville Himel
and Theodule Schexnaydre. All the
other directors were reelected, as
follows. Jacob Lebermuth, John S.
Thibaut, v. Maurin, William Blumen-
thai, F. B. Lemann, j. E. Blum, Oes
tave Roussel and DR.. John D. Han
son.
At the conclusion OF the stock
holders meeting, the directors as
sembled and by a unanimous vote re-
elected the present capable corps of
officers Of the institution, as fol-
lows J. Lebermuth, president; John
s. Thibbaut, vice president and
cashier; Paul Braud and Aramis J.
Melancon, assistant cashier; Richard
Melancon, note teller.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09
POSITION WANTED

HpY 4 PRACTICAL rice cu1tiyator Gilt-edge
~ references. Address HENRY M. DUGAs,
Welcome. La.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09
NOTICE 70 MEMBER rs
CHAMBER or coMMERcE

DonaIdsonyille La. Jan. 9,ag15.
4 N ACCORDANCE WITH Article 8 Oh the con-
stitution OF the Chamber OF Commerce. notice
is hereby given that the annual election of d-
rectors, including president vice president. sec
rotary and treasurer, will be held WEDNEs-
DAY JAN. u, at o. clock d, M. in the office OF
the Chamber of Commerce.
r.. S. VIGKERS, Secre tary
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-01-09

An ad in The Chief win pay.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16
CAPE SEES VENUS KID
LITTLE JUPITER WHEN
HE TRIES TO GET FRESH

Venus and Jupiter the two stars
that have been trying for twelve
years to get close enough together
to spoon succeeded shortly after 4
o'clock this morning.
Many residents of Cape Girar-
deau watched these two orbits
make love, as they hung just over
the river. Just as a big fat lady
likes a tiny man, Venus beamed
down upon little Jupiter as he look
ed into her eyes with tears of con-
fession.
Jupiter shown like an imitation
diamond compared to the brilliancy
of his lady love. Miss Venus, as
proud as young lady clad in Eas-
ter garb, made goo-goo eyes at lit
tie Jupiter as he tried to get close
enough to make a fuss over her.
More than two dozen men, who
were dining at the Crescent Lunch
Room, deserted steaks and "ham
an" to witness the two stars keep
their date.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16
FRISCO TO RAISE
RATE ON LUMBER
And COAL HERE
F. w. Morrison Abandons
Plan to Build COaling Post
for Steamboats,.
NEW SCHEDULE GOES
INTO EFFECT SOON
Railroads, in Need of Greater
Revenue, to Increase Rates
Over State.

Frank W. Morrison, president of the
Morrison Ice & Fuel Company, was
informed yesterday that the Frisco
Railroad would increase the rate of
coal shipments into this city. This
change will go into effect within the
next few weeks, and it is also an
nounced that an increase will be made
on lumber shipments coming into Cape
Cirardeau.
Mr.. Morrison has been planning to
build a switch east OF the Frisco
tracks at his plant, beside which he
expected to construct a coaling station
for government craft and steamboats,.
For several years coal has been
shipped into this city over the Frisco
for go cents a ton, or seven cents less
per ton than St. Louis pays. Because
OF this advantage in the shipping
rate, Mr.. Morrison made arrange
ments to build the coaling station.
His plans for the fuel depot had
been drawn and he was preparing to
begin work, when he was notified by
st. Louis wholesale coal dealer that
the Frisco had ordered a new ship
ping rate, effecting coal and lumber.
Mr.. Morrison announced yesterday
that he had postponed mis- plans to in
stall a switch and build the coaling
station, and that they probably would
be abandoned. He stated that he had
received positive information that an
increase would be aaaOunced Wiyhin L
short time.
1t is understood that this is the
first step of the Frisco to increase its
revenue. According to those who are
familiar with shipping rates, the rail
roads could increase the schedules on
coal and lumber and probably other
articles that are shipped in large
quantities without infringing upon
any rules Of the State.
Missouri railroads are operating at
an actual loss, according to persons
in a position to know, and it is said
that a general agreement has been
reached by the officials of the various
roads to increase the revenue.
The increase in coal and lumber
rates will be ordered on every rail
road in the State. New schedules are
now being printed and will BE- formal
ly announced within a few days.
While the rate into Cape Girardeau
will be increased over the present
schedule. dealers do not expect it to
equal the rate now charged in st.
Louis.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16
Cape Train Is Wrecked At
Pocahontas, Ark; Crew Jumps
Engineer Williams and Fireman Ische Save Selves When
Locomotive and Coach OvertWn-Engine Rolls Down
Embankment But Passengers Escape.

Frisco passenger train No. 875, was
derailed at Pocahontas, Ark, yester-
day morning, overturning the engine
and one of the coaches.
The accident occurred at about
1880 o'clock, just as the train was
pulling into the yards. 1t is the belief
that the trouble was caused by a de-
fective switch, which had worked par
tally open by the vibration and jar of
the approaching train.
Engineer Henry Williams reversed
his engine when he discovered that it
had left the rails, and it had come al
most to complete stop when he and
his fireman, Charles Isehe, realized
that the locomotive was about to 60
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16

West Side Park, Chicago, April Ia
An automobile parade that included
500 machines and probably $500 fans
opened the 1915 National League
baseball season here today. 1t was one
of the most gorgeous affairs in the
annals of the pastime in the Windy
City. Forming in Grant Park, the
cars followed the loop course down.
town and moved out Jackson boule-
ward to the home of the Cubs.
The baseball throng reached the
park shortly after 2 o'clock, and in
side the spacious arena the athletes,
fans and autos moved slowly around.
The procession was headed by a band
of 100 musicians, and in all Chicago
gained a prominent position honoring
the new ball season.
Fifteen thousand fans saw the
Cardinals defeated by the Cubs, by a
score of Z to 2.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16

down the embankment, and leaped to
safety.
Both fell when they jumped, but
they landed in places of safety and
neither was hurt. None of the train
crew or passengers were seriously
hurt.
The engine is reported to have roll
ed down a steep embankment, and the
baggage car turned on its side, but
the passenger coaches remained on
the track.
The track and road bed were torn
up and disarranged, and considerable
time was required to remove the
wreekage and make the necessary re-
pairs.
Fhe wreeker and crew were sent
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16
MORE SOLDIERS ARE WANTED
Uncle Sans Representatives Here
Today Looking for Recruits.

Sergt. NJ. O'Rourke, in charge of
the recruiting office for the U. S.
Army in st. Louis, yesterday notified
The Tribune that representative of
the Government would reach this city
today to remain a week for the pur-
pose of signing up applicants for the
army. He will be quartered at the
Riverview Hotel.
Sergt. O'Rourke informed The Irlb-
une that applicants who were consid-
cred available would be given free
transportation to st. Louis, where
thev are to be examined. All of those
who meet the physical requirements
will be enlisted.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16
CEMENT PLANT REOPENS
Fifty Men Will Return to Work To-
day and Tomorrow.

The Cape Girardeau Portland Ce-
ment Co., after having closed down
for several months during the winter
season, will begin operations with full
force today or tomorrow.
While the mill was idle the COM
pany seized the opportunity to make
extensive repairs and increase the
capacity of the plant by the installa-
ton of a large amount of new ma
chinery.
The plant employs more than fifty
men VIXEN runnig on regular schedule.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16

each sentenced to serve five years in
Leavenworth prison.
Proof was produced to show that
they were deserters from the United
States Army.
After adjournment of court yester-
day, the six convicted prisoners in
charge of Deputy Marshal George c.
Orchard, were removed from the jail
and started on their journey to Leav-
enworth where they will be delivered
to the prison authorities.
The Alsop damage suit in which the
plaintiff sought to recover a large
sum of money from number Of Jack
son men for the use of a flour-bleach-
ing process, was thrown out of court.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16

Sportsman's Park, April 14-Gus
Heanschen's musicians led off with
"Tipperary" countered with "Deutsch-
land Ueber Allies" to avoid riot, and
Mayor Kiel tangoed to the box to
make a wild pitch that inaugurated
the 1915 American League baseball
season. The attendance was 10000.
The Browns did the usual thing of
opening the season with a defeat, but
they showed well.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16
COTTON IS TAKEN
OFF CONTRABAND
LIST BY BRITAIN
Parliament Announces New
Policy of England-Dyes
Can Pass Now.
ZEPPELINS BOMBARD
MANY ENGLISH TOWNS
Six Cities Visited by Sky War
Ships and Bombs are
Dropped.

London, April 14-The British Gov
ernment decided today against placing
cotton on the contraband list.
A question was asked in the House
of Commons this afternoon on this
subject, and Neil Primrose, Undersec-
retary of Foreign Affairs, on behalf
of the Foreign Office, replied that, af-
ter careful consideration it had been
found that the military advantages to
be gained by declaring cotton contra
band were insufficient to render such
a step expedient.
Petrograd, April 15-An official
night statement says: "In Carpa-
thians in the region of Uszok Pass the
fighting has continued. On the night
of April 13 the Russians progressed
with their front and repulsed the enc
my's counter attacks on the heights
south of Vollossate, capturing 1000
prisoners and machine guns"
Canada and other self-governing
colonies have voice in the discussion
of peace terms when the time for dis
cussion arrives. These were the two
most important developments today in
the short session of the House of
Commons.
Petrograd, April 14-The battle
proceeding in Carpathians is the most
tremendous struggle the war has yet
produced. 1t is computed that the
forces Of the opposing army number
about four million. The result Of the
fighting is not yet known. The Ger
mans are pouring in troops to assist
the Austrians.
London, April IA Zeppelin pass
ed over Blythe, in North Umberland
at o'clock this evening and dropped
eight bombs. The Zeppelin also pass
ed over Tyne, Walls End, Seaton Burn
and Cramlington, dropping bombs at
each place.
London, April 14-The reports cur
rent for several days that someone
blundered" at Neuve Chappelle was
confirmed tonight by a press bureau
dispatch from Field Marshal French,
who in reviewing the battle said:
Considerable delay occurred after
the capture of Neuve Chappelle. The
infantry was disorganized by violent
nature attack"
French added: Cali are of the opin-
ion this delay would not have occurred
had the clearly expressed order of the
commander of the first army been
more carefully observed"
Amsterdam, April 14-It is report
ed here that a Zeppelin flying over
Ypres was disabled by gunfire and
was forced to descend. The Zeppelin
came to earth at Thielt.
Bruges, April IA submarine
passed through Bruges today enroute
from Client to Zeebrugge. This is the
fifth German submarine sent to Zee
brugge in the last few days.
Newport News, April 14-Permis-
sion to enter dry dock was given the
Commander of the German Cruiser
Kronprinz Wilhelm by the United
States officials here tonight. A sur
vey of the repairs necessary will be
made.
Detroit, Mich, April 15-Fifteer
are estimated dead and thirteen injur-
ed as a result of a Detroit, Toledo and
lronton train crashing into a street
car this evening. The street car was
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16

from this city to the scene of the dis
aster, leaving here at about 1 o'clock
yesterday afternoon. Later a special
train with coaches was sent down to
bring the passengers into the Cape.
The wrecked train is known as the
"Hoxe" run, and leaves this city daily
at 6 o'clock in the morning, returning
at 10 o'clock at night.
Engineer Williams and Fireman
Ische are both residents of this city.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16
Browns, Cardinals and Feds
Open Season With Defeats
Hedges Boys Play White Sox Thirteen Innings But
Lose Close Game-Cubs Make BoObs Out of Cards
and Terriers Play Kansas City Hard Game

Kansash City, Mo-, April 14-The
attendance at the second game of the
series between the Terriers and Pack
ers was small, although the clubs were
favored by ideal baseball weather.
There were hardly enough present
to start row, but the Kaw Town
boys trimmed the st. Louis Boobs.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16

Total. l.........50 Z 15 80 "a 8
Daily batted for Quinlan in Sth.
Fournier batted for Breton in 18th.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-04-16

The Tribune's Circulation Is The
Largest In Cape Girardeau.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1915-05-12
MAKING TIE Most OF LAMB
Housekeeper Will Find This Arrange
ment a Help to the Cutting OF
Her Bills.

Every housekeeper is on the look
out to save in these days OF high
cost of living, especially in meats.
Here is one way to save mutton or
lamb. If, on Saturday. a forequarter
of mutton or lamb is purchased,
weighing from seven to ten pounds,
it should be divided as follows:
Shoulder, neck, breast, French chops,
bones and trimmings. The shoulder is
boned, pocket cut for filling, that
makes the roast; stuffed shoulder of
lamb or mutton for Sunday dinner
and cut cold for Monday luncheon or
supper.
Then the neck is boiled with the
shoulder bone and trimmings, max
ing two quarts of lamb broth, to be
used for soup for Mondays dinner.
The meat is trimmed from the neck
bones for lamb croQuettes, meat salad
Of loaf. The breast is stewed, OF
curried with rice. The choicest part
is left, that is, one dozen frenched
lamb chops.
OF course, you must be able to tell
your butcher just how you want 1t
cut and trimmed. The chops are
frenched, chine removed, but the
chops are not cut apart. That is left
for the housekesper to do, cutting just
as needed. The trimmings from the
chops are boiled with the neck and
bones, strained, and when cold all
fat is removed and clarified for drip
pings.
From this forequarter you have the
following dishes, always for four per
sons:
Roast stuffed shoulder, hot for Sun
day dinner.
Roast stuffed shoulder. cold for
Monday, with soup (two quarts for
soup stock.
Lamb croquettes or meat loaf for
Tuesday.
Stewed or curried lamb for Wednes'
day.
Lamb chops which can be kept fol-
Thursday.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1915-05-12
SCHEDULE CHANGES
SOUTHERN RAILWAY
Effective Sunday, April 1S

Train No. 23l will leave Edge
field 1910 A. NJ, leave Trenton
lo:35 A. M, arrive Augusta 1850
A. NJ.
Train No. 229 will leave Edge
field 1920 A. NJ, arrive at Aiken
1885 P. NJ.
Train 9O7 will leave Edgefeld
1920 P. NJ, arrive Augusta s:25
P. M.
Corresponding changes in sched-
ules of trains at intermediate points.
For additional information COM
municate with
J. A. TOWNSEND,
Ticket Agent.
Edgefeld, S. G.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1915-05-12
POLISH FOR COFFEE BOILER
by the Use of oxaic Acid the UtensiI
May Be Kept in the Best Of
Condition,

A shining copper hot.water boiler
adds much to the appearance of a
kitchen, as all housekeepers know.
The boiler may be kept in state OF
brilliancy by the use of a solution
of oxalic acid and water. Five cents
worth of the acid dissolved in a
quart Of warm water will last
through many cleaning days.
Best results are obtained by apply
ing the solution to a warm boiler.
After one application of the solution
the boiler should be gone over with
a cloth wrung out in warm water
and then polished with dry cloth.
The best part Of the process is that
no elbow grease" is required. In a
few minutes a dull, dingy boiler be-
comes bright and shining with but
little effort.
All copper articles not having a
lacquered surface may be cleaned
with this solution, and it also serves
as brass polish.
Keep in safe place, as oxalic acid
is poison.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1915-05-12
Cocoanut Candy.

Remove the, shell from half a CO.
coanut and shred eor shave it with a
silver knife. Spread it on dishes in
the open door of an oven until it is
soft and elastic. Dessicated cocoanut
can be used instead, but the fresh sort
is better. Then boil cupful of mo-
lasses and cupful of sugar, brown or
white, a teaspoonful Of vinegar and a
tablespoonful of butter When this is
cooked enough so that it is brittle
when dropped in cold water add the
warmed cocoanut and pour into but
tered dishes. Mark into squares when
it is thick out before it is cold.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1915-05-12
Mans CONQUEST of Nature.

More than half a century ago
Buckle, in his History Of Civiliza.
tion," wrote: Formerly the richest
countries were those in which ma
ture. was most bountiful; now the
richest countries are those In which
man is most active. For in our age
of the world If nature is parsimonious
we know how to compensate her de-
ficiencies. If a river is difficult to
navigate, or a country difficult to
traverse, an engineer can correct the
error and remedy the evil. If we have
no rivers we make canals; if we have
no natural harbors we make artiti
cial ones"
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1915-05-12
Soft Ginaer Cookies.

Cheap and good. One cupsul Of mo-
lasses, two-thirds cupful of lard, two
thirds cupful sugar, two-thirds cupful
hot water, one teaspoonful ginger, two
dessert spoonfuls of soda and one des-
sert spoonful cream of tartar. Put
the molasses in mixing bowl first, then
add cream of tartar and soda Add
also a pinch of salt and -four to roll.
Cut out and bake. DO not roll too
thin.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1915-05-12

'son this'imaohine atetallsconsrdHeds
odsis- famous In theft day aj7e ja7evHsF,ys vHsFy
Snj &c gcit!uSI sct 3GSj JGEA3i; sd bib
2 and characters III tthei Bib little II eagbao 7o
onlM2st ksys5tbe; least toi ieperslttea, efrasslta,s >
immediately run theaOliuer1 Numa q
.g7cssii ;s 81 tsl(s1aq
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1915-05-12
Crust for Chicken PIE.

The ingredients are three cupfuls Of
sifted bread flour, three teaspoonfuls
Of baking powder, one-half teaspoonful
of salt, one-half cupful of lard and
butter, one cupful of milk.
Sift all dry ingredients together.
Rub in the shortening with finger tips,
then stir In the milk, using fork and
handling it lightly. AS soon as COM
bined place on Toured board and with
a rolling pin pat into the required size.