davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

condition that practically all the water
which fell on 1t was absorbed. AS
result the land increased In value so
that the owner declined 500 an acre
for it. The cost of reclamation was
approximately $40 an acre. 1t is sim
pier, however. to prevent excessive
erosion than to reclaim land after 1t
has occurred.
Locations for creamerIes.
In developing the dairy industry
throughout the South very important
matter is the selection of the loca.
tions in which to erect creameries.
No one would build sawmill where
there is little or no timber suitable
to be made into lumber, and 1t would
be equally unwise to start creamery
where the supply of milk and cream
is insufficient for economical opera
ton Of the plant. In many dairy re-
gions creameries have been operated
successfully and have brought pros.
perity to the community. On the 9TH
err hand, there are many closed cream
cries In the United States and many
farmers who have lost money by I'M
wise investments in them.
The first essential for the success
of creamery is a sufficient supply of
milk and cream. An insufficient sup
ply means a loss for all concerned.
The number of available cows in a
community is frequently overestimat-
ed About six hundred southern COWS
should provide raw material enough,
and II this is sent to the creamery
In the form of whole milk the cows
should all be within five miles of the
creamery.
In order to keep expenses reasona-
bly, low, an average of at least 1900
pounds of butter must be made each
week, which will require about one
thousand pounds of butter fat The
smaller the output the greater the cost
per pound OF butter. for some of the
expenses will remain approximately
the same whether the daily output is
one hundred or two hundred pounds.
II careful canvass reveals the fact
that, excluding those required to meet
the demands of home consumption,
the necessary cows are available, the
information should be sent to either
the state agricultural college or the
Dairy Division, Department Of Agri-
culture, Washington, d. G., with re-
quest for plans and advice for the
organization, building and equipment
of a plant that will be likely to sue
coed under existing local conditions.
Next to an insufficient supply OF
milk, one of the most frequent causes
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
KEEP SWINE HEALTHY
SCours in Pigs Often Caused BY
Improper Feeding.
To Correct Trouble Give Sow Dose Of
Sulphate Of Iron in Her sloP-
Keep Young Animals In Dry,
Sunny Quarters.
(Ry A s. ALEXANDERl

When young nursing pigs begin to
scour 1t is evident that the milk OF
the SOW is disagreeing with them and
immediate attention, therefore, should
be directed toward improving her ra.
tons. Most often the trouble comes
from overlooking on corn, or other
rich food, just after narrowing, and
pigs of fat, flabby, cross, nervous, con.
stipated sows are most apt to suffer.
Sudden changes Of food. or feeding
sour swill or food from dirty troughs
also tend to cause diarrhea either in
nursing pigs or those that have been
weaned, and all such cases should be
prevented or removed.
To correct securing in nursing pigs,
give the SOW Is to 20 grains of sui
plate Of iron (copperas) in her slop
night and morning and, If necessary,
slightly increase the doses until ef-
fective, Lime water may, with ad-
vantage, be freely mixed with the slop
as preventive when there is a ten
dency to arrangement, or after the
trouble has been checked, and also
Is an excellent corrective for weaned
pigs showing tendency to scour on
slop or skinned milk. When little
pigs are securing severely, each may
be given raw egg and five to ten
grains of subnitrate of bismuth twice
daily in addition to changing the food
of the SOW and mixing copperas in her
slop. In cases which do not respond
promptly to treatment, success may
follow the administration of dose Of
castor oil shaken up in milk.
In all cases it is important to set
right all errors in diet and sanitation
and to provide the pigs with dry,
sunny, well-ventilated quarters. The
arrangement Is most apt to occur
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
IMPROVE THE RURAL HOMES
Kentucky Club Formed to Stimulate
Farmers Interest In Crops and
Beauty Their Premises.
CIV l. p BROWNING1

By L. P. PRoWNING.)
A commercial club In Kentucky has
appropriated a sum of money to be
given as prizes among the residents Of
a certain section of the country for
the best-kept lawns and the best dis.
plays of farm and garden products.
The idea of the club is to induce the
people living in that section to i'm.
prove their surroundings and beautify
their premises It believes in the
value of keeping up appearances and
that there is a profit in Identification
which rural communities are not apt
to appreciate. This organization
thinks there are many rural homes
that could be greatly improved in ap-
pearance by neatly kept lawns, at.
tractive shrubs and well-cultivated gar.
dens, and has come TO the conclusion
that timely attention given to details
Of this character by the farmer would
not only vastly improve the appear
ance of his place, but stimulate his
interest in the success Of all his crops.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
BURN CHOLERA CARCASSES
Burial of Dead Animals Not Approved
by Nebraska Station--Excellent
Plan Is Described.

The burial of hogs dying of cholera
is not advised by the department OF
animal pathology at the Nebraska ex-
pertinent station. The germs of the
disease will last a long time In the
earth under favorable conditions and
are liable to cause a new outbreak.
The safest way to dispose Of a carcass
is to burn It,
Burning may be easily accomplished
in the following manner: Dig tv(
trenches few inches deep intersectl
ing each other at right angles. At tn
intersection of these, cornstalks, cobs,
or other fuel may be laid. Over the
trenches may next be laid strips of
metal to support the carcass. Before
being placed over the supports, the
abdominal and thoracic cavities should
be opened and be literally sprinkled
with kerosene. Then the hog should
be placed belly downward over the
fuel. AS soon as the material in the
trenches is ignited, it will rapidly
spread to the kerosene and fat and
the body will be quickly consumed.
II large iron wheel is handy, It
may be substituted with good results
for the trench and iron bars.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
IMPROVE YOUR POTATO SEED
Wisconsin Experiment Station Gives
Six Excellent Rules for Farm
ere to Follow.

The Wisconsin experiment station
tells the farmers of that state to i'm,
prove their potato seed.
1. By cooperating with their neigh.
bors in securing pure seed.
2. By planting this foundation
stock by itself where it will not be
mixed with other varieties.
8. BY learning the vine and tuber
characteristics Of the variety one
plants.
4. By discarding as seed all hills
which do not have these Characters
tics.
s. By selecting seed for next year
on the field at digging time.
6. By organizing the growers, deal
ers and others in your community who
are interested in the development and
improvement of its potato industry.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
MORE LIVE STOCK IS NEEDED
Unless More Attention Is Given to
Farm Animals Fertility Of Soil
VIII Be Depleted.
.cBy WALTER B. LEUTz)


Unless American farmers grow
more live stock in the future the fer.
tility of the soil win be wasted at
such a rate that farming will prove
generally Improbable. Such is the
conclusion which has been reached by
students of the problem. as well as
practical farmers in every eommu-
unity of the United States.
The farm animal is absolutely nee
essary. There are many reasons for
this. Live stock enables much Of
the waste about the farm to be con-
verted into meat, milk and work.
Much Of the crops on the farm can
be marketed IN smaller packages.
when converted into butter, milk and
meat The boys and girls on the farm
are far more liable to become inter,
ested in farming IL an interest in live
stock can be awakened.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
GIVE SHEEP SOME ATTENTION
Animals Should Not Be Allowed to
Stand on Wet or Muddy Dirt
FIoors--Avold Raney Breeds.

No man who understands his bust.
ness will ever allow his sheep to stand
on wet or muddy dirt floors.
When selecting sheep for breeding
beware of the long-legged, rangy
breeds Get those that are close to
the ground There is no money m
raising sheep legs.
II the pastures are short this fall
the sheep must have some grain or
they will fall back to point where
all profit will be lost in bringing them
up again.
When pastures get short the sheep
will eat the roots Of the grass right
out of the ground II too many are
kept in one lot. Better feed some
grain and save the grass.
Ever notice that the pastures where
sheep are kept grow better grass than
those used for horses or cows?
A South Dakota man has kept coy
otes and even dogs away from his
flock by setting up scarecrows in the
shape Of a man. These he changes
from one part Of the pasture to an
other every day or two.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

OF creamery failures is the erection Of
poorly planned and cheaply construct
ed creameries equipped with expensive
but more or less useless machinery.
Many creameries have been organized
by promoters who derived their profit
from the sale of the plant and its
equipment, not from its successful OPP
Grafton after they had severed their
connection with 1t. In consequence,
It was to their interest to unload as
expensive and as poor plant upon
the farmers as they could.
Cases are on record in which promo
tiers have secured the signatures Of
farmers to documents which purport-
ed to be nothing more than a general
expression Of opinion that a creamery
in that place would be good thing.
Later II developed that the document
was an iron-clad agreement to take
stock in the, company. Creameries or
ganiEed in such q way prove profitable
only to the organizers. Moreover the
failure OF one or two such companies
serves to discourage dairying IN that
region for many years thereafter.
Before II is decided 10 build a cream
cry. therefore, its prospective share
holders should convince themselves
Of three things: ID That there will
be milk and cream enough for it to be
operated economically; 90 that the
marketing facilities are adequate; and
81 that the plant to be built is well
designed and equipped and the eesi
reasonable
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
REASONS FOR "P0OR FEEDER"
Foreign Bodies Often Found Embedded
In Tongue Of AnlmaI-Wire and
Nails Lodge In Stomach.
CBy Fl. s. EAKINs)

Every year 1t has been noticed
among cattle in feed lots, that q few
individuals would not make the gains
expected. Various causes have been
attributed to this condition as poor"
teeth, Indigestion, infectious diseases,
etc.
Upon post-mortem inspection OF
several thousand beef cattle in some
Of the packing houses Of the West,
the author has frequently found for
eign bodies, as barley boards. or fox
tail, embedded In the tongue, in some
instances resulting in sbscess forma-
ton, or even actinomycosis wooden
tongue); or penetrating through the
wall Of the second stomach (honey-
comb) a short piece OF baling wiro
or q nail Sometimes this piece OF
wire or other foreign body has pene-
trated q lung. pneumonia ensuing; or
into the heart or its coverings, re-
sulting Outlines in gsngrenous innsn
nation
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
TREATMENT OF COVER CROPS
Thoroughly Cut Up Glover or Other
Crops With Disk Harrow Before
Turning Over.

Never turn the clover or other crop
under without first thoroughly cutting
up with disk harrow. as the material
plowed under in a layer seriously in
terferes with the capillary action OF
the moisture in the soil. The effects
of turning under in a layer are what
is sometimes called souring the soil
with green manuring crops.
Double disk the cover crop two or
three times with a sharp disk harrow
before blowing; pillow well by taking
q narrow furrow and edging rather
than inyerting the furrow; then
double disk the land again rather
deeply, and no injurious effect viii re-
suit however large the growth mag
be.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
BAD HABITS OF COLTS
Trick Once Learned Becomes
Harder to Break Each Day.
Example Cited Of City Man Who At
tempted to Approach Head of Young
Animal Of Extremely Nerv-
Gus Disposition.
(By ]. M. BELLY

The secret of breaking colt prop
erly is to keep him from learning bad
habits, not curing him of them after
they have been acquired, although the
latter must be done If he has acquired
them, providing you want a we'll
broken horse.
A bad trick once learned soon be-
comes a set habit, becoming harder
to cure each day If not stopped In the
earliest stages.
Let me cite an example; A neigh
Dor of mine has a very fine colt that
he put in the hands of trainer to
break to light harness, double and
single, and also the saddle.
The trainer knew his business and
in months time the colt was fairly
steady in harness and under the
saddle, but, being of nervous dispo-
sition and rather suspicious Of human
beings, had to be handled very care
fully.
He was especially nervous when
anyone approached his head, whether
he was tied In his stall or to a hitch
ing post, and inclined to run back
against the halter or bride If APP
preached too hurriedly.
The trainer-a real horseman-who
noticed all pecHliarities of the many
different horses he handled from time
to time, was extremely careful not to
excite this particular colt and GER
tainly not when he was tied.
Consequently, the colt, although
showing signs of nervousness at times,
never attempted to really pull back
and break away
The trainer left, after his work was
done, andsoon afterward a city cousin,
a good fellow, but no horseman, paid
my neighbor visit and he was given
the colt to ride.
Now, although the city man was no
horseman in the strict acceptance OF
the word, yet he was devoted to horse
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

back riding and in his riding toys cut
quite respectable figure.
He called on the writer one after
noon, tying his mount, the above-men-
toned colt, to a tree.
Later, as he was about to leave, he
walked straight to the colts head; the
latter edged away, backing the full
length of the reins; the rider then
extended a gloved hand straight in
the colts face with the idea of pat
ting him on the nose, but the now
trembling young animal mistook the
abrupt motion, and, swinging back,
broke the bride at the headstall and
galloped of.
The city man was somewhat sur
prised when / suggested that he
should have quietly united the colt
and then patted him, holding on to the
reins. the while.
He enticed the colt into my stable,
fixed the bride, and my friend mount
ed and rode of.
Since then this horse has broken
loose several times. and 1t will require
something stronger than an ordinary
halter and bride to prove to him that
he must stand hitched," as the say
ing Is.
A heavy rope halter tied around his
neck and then passed through ring
of the bit so as to draw equally on the
neck and head will probably stop the
bad habit.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

among pigs kept in insanitary condi-
lions.
Inactivity of the bowels most often
gives trouble in pregnant sows and
other adult hogs when given too little
exercise and too much rich food. In
such animals the liver is torpid, the
system feverish and the muscles and
other organs overloaded with fat
Constipation seldom troubles where
hogs are fed laxative foods, such as
bran, flaxseed meal, roots or alfalfa
during the winter season, and In addi-
ton are made to take abundant out.
door exercise.
In, the common diseases of young
pigs known as ricketts,, there is en-.
largement, bending and distortion of
the bones of the joints and limbs, and
fractures OF leg bones are not uncom-
mon. The bones of the body in az
fected pigs lack their normal proper
ton of mineral material and have an
excess of vegetable matter The ten
dency to the disease is hereditary and
most likely to be seen in closely in
bred hogs or those of herds kept
under insanitary conditions and long
imperfectly nourished upon unbal-
anced rations. The excessive feeding
Of corn to generation after generation
doubtless induces a weakness of con-
stitution conducive to ricketts, and the
disease may appear as result of any
aggravating circumstance productive
of malnutrition.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
Nearly four million acres In the
United States, It is estimated, have
been devastated by soil erosion, and a
vastly larger area has lost much Of its
fertility. Nowhere is soil erosion
more serious than in the South. The
: climate. the character OF the soil, the
economic conditions, and the type
Of agriculture, which has hitherto pre-
vailed. have all contributed to the
damage, yet with the exception OF the
amount of rainfall every factor in ero-
sion can be controlled by man.
VI Soil erosion is the carrying away of
@ithe soil by the action of wind or wa
zter. In the South the action of water
|is much the more important. If all
the water that falls upon given area
were to be absorbed by the soil, it
would cause no erosion. This, how
ever, scarcely ever happens. Where
the slope of the ground or the char
acter of the soil is such that the wa
ter runs off rapidly, it carries with 1t
a very appreciable quantity of soil
particles, the quantity increasing as
the speed of the running water in
creases. Where this erosion is exces-
sive the soil is left bare and quilted.
The land is hard to cultivate and so
much organic matter is taken from 1t
that 1t is frequently abandoned as too
poor for profitable agriculture.
To check this process, terracing,
deep blowing and the use of cover
crops are advantageous Vegetation
not only binders the flow of water
over the surface, thus lessening the
amount of erosion, but the roots strik-
ing through the soil loosen 1t and en-
able 1t to absorb the water more read
fly. In the South the use of cover
crops for this purpose is particularly
important because so much of the
rainfall in this section is in the win
ter when the land is frequently bare
of crops. Winter rye is particularly
advantageous in holding the soil. The
value of deep blowing lies in the fact
that this loosens the soil for consid-
cradle distance below the surface and
thus enables the water to be absorbed
quickly. Terracing obviously is de-
signed to provide level areas for the
water to fall on instead of steep hill
sides down which 1t can rush.
The importance Of measures that
will check erosion is indicated by the
fact that in some southern states vast
areas amounting sometimes to so per
cent of the arabic land in these Sec
tons have been abandoned because
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
GOOD EGG GAMBLING OUTFIT
Simple and Practical Device May Be
Made Out Of an Ordinary Paste
board Box and a Lamp.

In spite of the greatest care, it will
sometimes happen under ordinary
farm conditions that an occasional
bad egg will appear among those sent
to market. 1t would be wise to candle
every egg shipped. Gambling is the
process of testing eggs by passing
light through them 50 as to reveal the
condition of the contents" A simple
Gambling outfit may be made of an
ordinary pasteboard box, sufficiently
large to be placed over a small hand
lamp after the ends have been re-
moved. The box should have a hole
cut in 1t on a level with the flame of
the lamp. Several notches should be
cut in the edges on which the box
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
HANDY AS POTATO MARKER
Wheelbarrow Arranged With Pine
striPs"Fiinsed TO Bottom Center
Board Proves Satisfactory.

Last spring we had occasion to fit
a very stumpy piece OF sandy new
ground for early potatoes. The one
and two horse corn markers would not
work because of so many stumps. The
wheelbarrow being near with seed up
on it happy thought struck me-this
would roll over the rough ground,
roots, ETC., and leave a distinct mark
in the soil, besides running easily,
writes G. A. Randall in Farm and
Home.
A halfinch hole was bored through
the bottom center board and two
pieces, c, of inch pine strips SO inches
long were hinged, as shown, to GEN.
ter section, e. fastened with a wire
through the holes, (, to the bottom
board. On the outer ends OF these
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

rests, to supply air to the lamp. The
box ought to be sufficiently large to
prevent danger from catching fire. The
box should be made of corrugated
pasteboard, but ordinary pasteboard
will serve the purpose. Gambling is
done in the dark, or at least away
from strong light, and the egg is held
against the hole in the side of the
box when its condition may be seen.
An egg that shows any defect should
not be marketed.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

the water has carried of much Of the
best soil and impaired the value Of
what has been left. On moderate
slopes In the Piedmont region OF
North Carolina erosion has been esti-
mated to cause yearly loss in crop
values alone OF three dollars an acre,
making the total loss in this region
over two million dollars each year.
On the other hand, there are many
billy farms in which excessive ero-
sion is effectually prevented. Farm
ers who wish detailed information Of
the best methods of terracirg and 9th
er means of control, should write to
the United States department Of agri-
culture for Farmers Bulletin No. 20,
Circular No "a OF the Bureau OF Plant
Industry or U. s. Department Of Ag-
riculture Bulletin No. $50.
When land has once been badly
eroded the task Of retaining 1t is apt
to be difficult and long 1t can be
done. however, and at times may be
made very profitable. An instance Of
this is a tract Of IS acres near John
son City, Tenn, which was purchased
four years ago for t5s an acre. Al
that time the land was badly eroded
and there was one gully eight or ten
feet deep. This the new owner filled
with debris and soil. zoo loads OF ma
nure were applied. and the soil was
ploved to = depth Of ten inches, plant
ed to rye and the rye turned under.
The deep blowing and the organic
matter IN the rye left the soil In such
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

strips a light runner, a, extends to the
ground and slants back. These run
ners with the wheel in the center
make three distinct marks when
pushed across the field. In coming to
a stump either or both sections are
easily folded back until the obstruc.
ton is passed, then dropped to posi-
ton again to mark.
Being light and mounted on center
wheel it pushed as easily as a wheel
barrow seeder and was extremely easy
to guide; marks clear across the field
being straight as those made with a
line and very distinct. When not in
use for a marker the sections are
quickly removed.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

II dehorned. bulls OF the same or
different ages may be safely kept in
the same enclosure. When two bulls
are kept In adjoining enclosures they
should be separated by q strong. high
board fence. 50 they are unable to see
each other,
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
sIln Paxa Well

No building on the farm win pay
better returns than q good silo, II
properly built and filed on time. and
In the right way.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04

The modern equipment in the way
OF litter carriers and feed carts re-
duces the drudgery Of the barns to
minimum.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-06-04
Poultry pIeeasea

The most common causes Of poultry
diseases are constitutional weaknesses
sue to wrong breeding.