davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27
(From the New York Tribune)

In the first century Of its existence
from 1902 TO 19O2-the West Point
Military Academy graduated 4,121 ca
dets-an average of forty-one a year.
The average for recent decades has
been. Of course, much higher, the
membership Of the cadet corps in
creasing with the admission of new
States and the creation of new Con-
gress districts.
The authorized strength Of the
corps is now SIS But the attendance
al West Point seldom reaches the au-
thorized total, and in order to over
come a persistent shortage IN gradu-
ating classes Congress provided in
1910 that in the six years ending on
July l, 1916, a new appointment
might be made when a student ac-
credited to any given State or district
had finished three years of his four
years course. In spite of that arti-
fetal stimulus attendance still re-
NAMED short On July 1, 1911, there
were 57S cadets in the institution. But
on July I, 1912, there we're only Sal.
The graduating class OF this year
numbered 1914 Yet this Is a mere
driblet added every year to our pres
ent resources in trained officers. In
our skeletonized army tHere are now
4,951 commissioned officers. If it
we're to be converted into real army
we should need within a short time
at least 10000 officers, and West
Point would be absolutely swamped
as a training school for candidates
for the enlarged officers corps.
In case of war we should have to
60 back on a grand scale to partially
trained officers, Just as we did in the
Civil War We have a regular army
all told. of about 100000 officers and
men, most of them tied down to gar
rison duty. But II by any possibility
we should be able to put an army OF
100000 in the field against a FIRST
class opponent. how long would oul
supply of officers last?
The British government has had
about $4,000 troops at the Dardan-
Giles In the two weeks from April
% to May S covered by General Sill
Ian Hamilton's recent report the loss
in officers was COZ.
For the total British forces in Eu-
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

testimony has been given to the effect
that the water ballast had been part
ly discharged TO enable the East
land TO enter shallow water. After the
big crowd had boarded the vessel IL
was noticed that she listed badly, and
the engineer was in the act of trim
ming the boat when she sank.
A strict inquiry is in progress in
Chicago to determine the measure of
culpability of the owners and officers
of the vessel A similar inquiry should
be made as to the manner in which
the steamboat inspection service per-
formed its duties. This inquiry should
not be left to the officers themselves.
as appears to be the case, but should
be conducted by superior officers. who
are. noa concerned in the local situa-
ton.
The Eastland case is a reminder
that steamship owners cannot be de-
pended upon 10 safeguard human life
without the rigid supervision OF the
government. Adequate laws must be
provided, and they must be carefully
and impsrtially enforced If the pres
ent system Of inspection cannot be
depended upon 20 prevent such disas-
ters the whole system should be
overhauled by Convress.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

rope the loss in officers for the two
weeks ending July was 776. The to-
tai loss of British army officers from
the beginning of the war up to July
6 was 12,742.
Great Britain has had in the field
a total force of from 440. 900 10 AGO.
900, according to figures given in
Lord Lansdowne's recent speech. A
large percentage of these have not
been in action. We are planning to
have a first line army Of about 500,-
600. Yet we have Of trained officers
in the regular service only a little
more than a third of the number lost
in leading British forces. of whom
less than 100000 have seen real
fighting.
II is obvious that II we are going
10 have a real army, organized on a
modern basis, we must have more
West Pointers and also more West
Points. We ought to turn out 1000
to 1900 military academy graduates
a year instead of 164 For we need
a reserve officers CORPS as well as m
active officers corps We should not
be in a position 10 handle a first line
army and to prepare second line
forces with which to supplement it
II we did not have 10000 or 10000
officers with first class training to
depend upon
Speaker Champ Clark said the other
day IN San Francisco that he favored
doubling the number of cadets at
West Point. That would be good rs
far as II goes But it would be still
better to lay the foundation Of other
West Points-to give a military acad-
envy TO the South and one to the West
besides charging the scope Of mill
tary instruction offered in private
academies and colleges.
The effects on us ofdhe war in Eu-
rope have shattered our illusions OF
isolation and Immunity We shall
have to be more Of a military nation
than we have been, whether we want
to OF not. We shall have to create
real system of national defence, and
in that system we shall need more
institutions TO do the work which
West Point has so far been doina
very admirably but on much toe
limited scale.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

cedents established by the United
States.
The British seizure and detention OF
American ships carrying contraband
on conditional contraband cargoes to
ports in open commercial communi-
cation with Germany is an application
of the doctrine laid down by the
United States government during the
Civil War and acquiesced in by Great
Britain and other foreign powers. I'M
der which the right was claimed to
seize and to confiscate. no matter
what flag flying. ships and their car
goes ostensibly bound for neutral
ports in the West Indies but really
carrying on the business Of supplying
the Confederacy with articles declar-
ed TO be contraband by the Federal
authorities The doctrine is known as
that of continuous voyage and ulti-
mate destination" and by its terms
when a cargo of contraband is intend
ed by the shippers to ultimately
reach a belligerent il is subject to
the same rules of conhscation as if il
we're shipped directly: the fact that
during the course of its journey from
shipper 10 ultimate consumer IL
touches at some neutral port do not
protect IL. The British cabine, accept
ed that theory and practice as well
founded in principle and turned a deaf
ear to the English manufacturers and
shipowners who asked that an issue
should be made with Washington on
the very grounds which the Register
now considers to furnish just basis
for insistent complaint against Great
Britain. The British cabinet now en-
forces a rule which the American
government originated and acted I'M
der when situated toward the Con-
federacy as Great Britain now is to-
wards Germany. Obviously we can
not enter serious protest in this par
ticular matter. especially as the Brit
J ish are far more lenient in carrying
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

only few years ago Edward NJ Grout held the
~ highly important office of Comptroller OF the city
Of New York. He also recognized as one Of the
most prominent lawyers and Democratic leaders in the
great American metropolis Today he stands convicted
OF perjury the verdict Of guilt having been
led by recommendation that the court exercise its
mercy when passing sentence upon him. The crime
OF which he has been acquitted is that of having signed
and 10 the accuracy Of false report relative to
The condition Of the Union Bank in Brooklyn.
Until the Union Bank trouble arose, Mr. Grout
looked upon personally politically professionally and
ofncially as a high-ciass man In fact even at this
time there thousands Of persons who know him well
who incline 10 the opinion that while technically he
may guilty OF perjury morally he is innocent Of that
crime
BE the condition what It may, there is widespread
regret that of his standing has suffered such
reverse trial that carried with It charge OF Grim
nelity The fact that the jury hftyhree hours in
reaching verdict and that AZ the outset only four OF
the twelve jurors believed him to be guilty should
count for something Mr.. CIRCUITS favor in whatever
steps may be taken TO upset the finding
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27
TUESDAY JULY 27. 1915
SINKING on TIM LEELANAW.


~ERMANY has given her answer TO the last Wilson
" note She has Summarized and sunk the Ameri-
steamship Leeanaw AT the time she was at
tackled she flying the American flag and
her way from Russia to England with cargo of fax
In fairness TO the Germans it should be said that oppor
tunity given to the American captain and
leave the Leeianaw before she sunk
The commander of the submarine knew full well
that she American ship manned by Americans
and that she loaded with fax. That cargo the
German commander declared to be contraband To
destroy it, he also destroyed the shin. No doubt he
acted under orders from the German admiralty.
The destruction Of the Leelanaw viii complicate the
vexed diplomatic controversy in progress between
Washington and Berlin. Coming, It does on top OF
the last American note it savors Of defiance and
deliberate attempt 10 provoke the people Of the United
States and TO alront their government
We think that President Wilson and Secretary OF
State Lansing will know how to deal properly with
his latest development In German submarine warfare
against America and Americans comforting phase
OF the destruction Of this American ship is that there
was no loss Of life That serves TO soften the blow
TO American feeling already outraged by German
excesses
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27
HOWELL JOINs THE ARMY.

TSORMER MAYOR HARRISON w. HOWELL has join
ed the army Governor Miller has offered TO him
and he has accepted the post general the
Governors staff Il carries with It the rank of colonel
This newest and perhaps genial contribution to-
ward preparedness for war will appear in uniform for
the first time on Thursday.
We congratulate Governor Miller upon having made
such happy selection. We felicitae Colonel Howell
upon having accepted the post If he acquit himself
well surgeon general he did recently Mayor
of this city, his military record will be pleasing
TO contemplate.
May no one throw gas bombs in his Entertainments;
may his wire entanglements withstand all assaults;
may turn either his right his left flank; may
his labyrinth confuse and confound the enemy and
may he quickly consolidate all the ground he wins in
the esteem and affection Of his oomrades-n-arms.
We trust that personal experience in camp the
march in action viii constrain him say that
General Sherman right when he declared that
is h--li"
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27
CHINESE VS.. AMERICAN EGGS.

THAT the Pacific Coast continues TO be flooded with
all sorts and conditions Chinese eggs is shown
by the report of vceconsu Barrett Of Shanghai the
Department Of Commerce. recently The total egg ship
ments from Shanghai alone during the fiscal year 1914
was 100000 dozen, which landed on western
seaboard and yet the exports from China hen-rut
considerably curtailed by the withdrawal Of many
merchant vessels from service due to the Europe
The majority Of the shipments made via the north
route to Seattle, this obviates the necessity Of
refrigeration during the colder months
Mr.. Barrett says the so-called egg chicken farm
does not exist in China extensive scale Egg
raising is an incidental matter Just The chickens
fed principally rice, and the daily wage of
Chinese farmland is 10 cents. The Chinese farmer
sells his eggs at $3.50 thousand and the Of GRAFT
ing, packing, insurance and freight borne by the
exporter.
Mr.. Barrett makes this significant statement in his
report 1T is only since the tariff of 1913 became
effective that the shipments to the United States have
reached noticeable proportions"
American owners Of hens should find in the above
ample food for sober thought.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

sounds like the death knell Of the
American merchant marine"
Wiped Out All Profits.
The effect OF the seamen's law upon
American shipping is exemplified by
the prospective elimination Of the
Pacific Mail steamship lines. accord
ing to Lewis ]. Spence, director Of
traffic of the Southern Pacific Com
pany. These are among the finest
vessels on the Pacific.
Certified public accountants have
recorded their finding that the re-
quirements Of the seamens law will
increase the cost of operation Of the
Pacific Mail service, in wages and
Feeding of crews alone, more than
5000 900 per annum, which is consid-
erably more than the company has
earned in excess Of its fixed charges
and cost of operation in any recent
year." Mr.. Spence goes on. 1T does
not require any stretch of the imag-
nation 10 realize that the service
cannot be profitably operated after
this statute becomes effective. No
vember 4, 1915"
In accord with each OF the authori-
ties quoted above, F. c. Munson. vice
president of the Munson steamship
line. concludes that the seamen's act
will undoubtedly have a preiudicial eff
feet on American shipping.
May Have to Change Flag.
I'VE placed under the American
flag two of our British steamers short
ly after the bill allowing the placing
of foreign tonnage under the Ameri-
can flag was passed" says Mr.. Nun
son. but we fear that II the seamen's
law in its present form is allowed to
go into force November A. We shall
be under the necessity of changing
the flag Of those steamers. much as
We dislike to dc so, or else be forced
to allow our competitors to take
away some of our business"
Work is now progressing fayorably
with a referendum which is to b.
taken by the Chamber Of Commerct
of the United States upon the question
whather or not the seamen's act
should be repealed Before the sub
iect is placed before the members Of
the chamber throughout the country
a committee will make a report upor
the principles and facts which are
Involved.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27
GEMS OF THOUGHT

When thou prayest rather let thy heart be without
words than thy words without heart-John Bunyan.
.--.-.-.
The best rules to form young are. to talk
little to hear much TO reflect alone what has passed
in company, to distrust ones opinions and value
others that deserve it.-Temple
Faith is the heroism and enterprise of intellect II
is not a passvity but faculty. II is power the ma
teria Of effect Faith is winged intellect The great
workmen OF history have been who believed like
giants-Charles Parkhurst
When Athens gave every fourth block to her chill
dren and youth for the gymnasium and the playground
she built bodies Of silk and steel and walked
up and down her streets in regiments and her health
bioomed in the orations Of Demosthenes. and the
says Of Plato and the marbles OF Phdias Just as
the and the body began to deteriorate
Athens went 70 pieces This has been the story also
Of Ephesus and corinth, and vence.-Newen Dwight
Hills
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27
With The Photographers

Christianity is said to be spreading in China They'll
be taking up barbed wire and gas bombs nextDetroit
Free Press.
When you receive postal card from a summer re-
sort saying I'VE sleep under blankets every night"
don't envy anyone They probably do IL TO keep on
the mosquitoes Reading News
Another step in womans progress was taken wednes-
day when the first woman Justices in the British En-
pire nominated in South Australia. One Of them
is Mrs Price, widow Of the States first labor Premier
Springfield Republican.
The law makes II dficult 10 purchase habit forming
drugs and illegal 10 carry weapon, but apparently
any irresponsible easily obtain all the explosives
and ingredients Of explosives he has money to pay for
Rochester Post-Dispatch.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

out a doctrine of American orlgina-
ton than were its authors when the
positions of the two countries were
reversed. For the British confscate
no cargoes except such as consist OF
war material and pay the owners a
fair valuation for shipments not ad-
mittedly contraband when appropri-
ated TO their own use and only detain
ships while ascertaining the characs
ter of their cargoes and the ultimate
destination. No American vessel has
so far been destroyed or confscated
by the British government These
facts must be borne in mind when
estimating the difference between our
grievances against Great Britain as
compared with those against Ger
many: and il must De remembered
that President Wilson is stopped from
setting up a case against the former
when the British are only following
an example set them by the United
States. II our own invention has re-
turned to plague the inventor, we
have no other consistent recourse
than to grin and bear 1t.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27
Own BanfIing
lion he Noriolk vIrginian Pllot)

Great Britain has seized and de-
tanned many American cargo ships
destined for other countries and has
possessed herself OF such cargoes. To
our protest against such a procedure
she has interposed the defense that
these cargoes were destined for neu-
trail countries friendly to Germany
and were really and in effect ulti-
mately destined for Germany. Its
opinion or belief on that point in no
way affects the question of maritime
rights Of this country. We are in
clined 10 think that it is high time
the United States were assuming a
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

Enormous collections Of corporation and income
taxes the last day of the fiscal year enabled the
Treasury Department to show a balance Of SS2,025,-
1868 hand June 80 Three days later at the close
of the week. Saturday July the balance had dropped
TO S757345447s Two years with Republican laws
and policies in force. and when special effort
made to make showing, the balance made up of the
assets amounted to s14i1726ss1e In three days
OF the new fiscal year the ordinary expenditures
amounted to s1OS9s2746s while the receipts only
81 725 75OO5 leaving deficit of ss670524 g. The new
fiscal YER began with deficit growing at the rate Of
more han $2s00oOO per day.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

firm and insistent attitude toward
Great Britain, vet without relaxing its
demands upon the Germans. Dan
vile Register.
To such much of this we give cor
dial agreement as points to insistent
requirement of Great Britain that she
shall accord full respect to the mar
thine rights of this country" But be-
fore making positive demands we
should be very sure in what those
rights consist and very careful not to
make a cause Of controversy Eng
lands pursuit of blockade methods
which have abundant sanction in pre-
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

It is boast in the British army and navy that
officer will send his where he fears to go him
self That fair Of truth in that
dictated by the latest casualty figures bearing upon
British losses in the present They show that
the beginning Of the Ss65 officers have been
killed, 1852 wounded and LIS reported
ing total of 1852. While such figures are deplor-
able. indicating destructiveness they certainly
ample testimony relative to the bravery Of the
who lead the British forces.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

The Russian line OF retreat is broad and vide If the
Germans attempt to follow 1t to the farther side
OF Russian territory It will be long, long back
to the Fatherland There may be method in the mas
terly that Grand Duke Nicholas is conducting at
the present time Let It not be forgotten that the
great Napoleon got far Moscow. and that 1t
the military he performed Present-day
German commanders may discover that it is much
easier to get large army into Russia than to get it
out of It when conditions call for immediate and
precipitate retreat
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27
BETTER babies CONTEST
AT CAMDEN This YEAR

The Round Table Club Of Camden and
Wyoming win hold country fair at
the club house, Camden, on August 80
20. p. The afternoon of the goth will
be given over 70 the better babies" con
test. This contest is open to babies up
80 three years of age Every mother is
invited to enter her baby. On Saturday
afternoon, August q, the industrial pa
rade will he held Decorated floats and
automobiles will ho in line in addition to
a band. Prizes will be given for the best
float and prettiest automobile.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27
orR MrRcnANr MARINE And srnsnIrs.

THE sole accomplishment Of this administration for
the American merchant marine has been the pas
Of the seamens Bill which has resulted driv-
ing practically every American merchant ship engaged
In foreign trade from the seas. to seek registry
der other flag
The Chamber Of Commerce of the United States has
completed its poll on the Shipping bill Of the last
sion and IS per cent Of the 2s2 member organizations
oppose that BILL while SO favor postal sub
venton bill such was passed by the Republican Con
eress and defeated in the eleventh hour by Democratic
dlibuster
II the President really wants to restore the American
merchant marine the way clearly pointed by this poll
Of 2S2 the leading and most experienced business
CARNATIONS in the country The feeling stronger
that sooner or later the United States must come to
subsidies to enable il to compete with the great
time Powers which have enormous merchant facts
built up by the subsidy process
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

n the worst to the worst, President Wilson
might prevail on William Of Nebraska "The Peerless
Leaver' to talk the German army death the sub
iect of arbitration and universal peace
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

What has be- Of that cheap beef that was prom
sed merican consumers by the Wilson adminisira-
rons en- be that Beef Trust submarines have been
working the fleet OF refrigerator ships operating be-
tween This country and Argentina?
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1915-07-27

Af80cnFon OF
American A9vortis.
ers composed Of
64A The Association Of Amer al the great ndyor.
fstist lean Advertisers has sra Of this com
WaR amincd and certified 20 Z Wy me Assoela.
~ the circulation Of this pub ,sh ns'crs ~ snE
Hcatiou- Tho figures Of circulation init 20 its examna
contained in the Associations ton any moment.
port only guaranteed. and positive proof
Association of American Advertisers TSs asss%p"ny!as
a, 80. ssnt,..u ps. a y r,. certificate, No 4lBi.
NO. 4lol h"M"ah uuH T. y LIT has been issued 70
IL
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-02-28
COUNTRY LOOKS coon.

NORFOLK, VA. February Ell A.
Pride, general Industrial agent OF the
Seaboard Air Line Railway, In an in
terview with Il newspaper man here
to-day said:
The Southern people are better off
than some assume. I have been ont
in the country back from the railroad
and visited many farms, and u great
many Of them had plenty Of food sup
plies and good stock and were in no
Immediate necc ssity for difficult living
My conviction is that If we can emerge
from this situation with two things
strongly instillcd in our minds that
great benefits will result To the South
First. that greater d;versification, cat
tie raising. etc, must make for the
future prosperity OF tn. section Sec
ond. that our cotton manufacturing
industry must be enlarged. Greater
markets for cotton goods can be reach
ed than we are now serving, and IL is
my conviction that strong and con-
Sistcnt efrors should he made to install
our cotton goods In the States south OF
the Panama Canal If we had - fair
proportion Of that trade, and ! believe
we can get it, it would mean new cot
ton spindlcs, greater employment and
greater diversified cultivated area in
the South. The stand which YOU have
taken in these matters is Of great
value to the South, and. believe
deeply appreciated"