davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
AFTER THE WAR

In the current issue of Farm and
Fireside, the national farm paper
published at Springfield, o., Judson
C.. Welliver, Washington correspond
ent Of that publication, tells as fol-
lows why he thinks that immigra-
ton may decline rather than in
crease after the war:
while the war is going on, immi-
grafton to this country will be very
small After il ends, immigration
according TO the commonest theory.
will be greater than ever.
will il? am not so certain, and
| find a number Of students Of the
subject who agree with me. There
will be a pitifully large population
Of widows and orphans in Europe.
viii the men desert them? Will not
the Government, finding that great
share Of the most efficient young
manhood has already been sacrifice
ed. adopt rigorous measures TO dis
courage emigration?
when the Great War is over, the
men who remain will be needed,
more than ever, TO rebuild. II will
not do TO let them hurry away to
new and more promising lands
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
TEACHING CHICKS TO R00ST
Difficult Matter to Keep Little Fellows
Clean II They Are Permitted to
Remain on Floor.

II Is often advisable to teach the
chicks to roost when eight to twelve
weeks old When they are allowed
to remain on the floor It is difficult
to keep them clean and to keep them
from crowding. II wide roosts, three
to four inches. are used there is but
little. II any. more danger OF crooked
breasts than IL the chicks are allowed
to remain on the floor
The chicks can generally be taught
to roost by putting the perches near
the floor and placing with them one or
two old hens or older chicks that are
In the habit OF roosting.
II this plan is inconvenient or does
not prove effective. the chicks may be
placed on the perches after dark for
a few nights until they have learned to
60 there on their own accord.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
SAVING NEW Y0RK'S TREES,
Planting Association OF the Great
Metropolis Finds Itself Facing,
Hard Problem.

Manhattan presents a hard problem,
for those who want to beautify the
metropolis with shade trees. II seems
that certain streets are not altogether
hopeless, according to the report Of
the Tree Planting association Of New
York. just out.
Such are Seventh avenue and Lenox
from One Hundred and Tenth street
up; Broadway north from Fifty.ninth
street. also West End avenue, West
One Hundred and Thirty-eighth, West
Seventy.ninth street, etc.
On all of these there are plantations
at present In spite of the fact that
some people have the idea that New
York has few shade trees there are
dozens OF varieties OF all shades and
styles and patterns. from aristocratte
shade trees to scraggy Stun dwarfs.
Tree doctors and surgeons are very
necessary, and tree surgery has be-
como quite a definite science Many a
fine old tree IL saved by "fifling its
TOOTH" as It were-that is, ffling its
hollow cavity with cement 10 prevent
further decay.
The committee of the association
has divided up New York into dis
tricts for special examination, and the
report on the different geographical
locations Is exhaustive.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
HOMENs0
nTOWRt
80 Helps
NATURE DELIGHTS IN CURVES
builders Of Human Habitstlons Do
Well TO Avoid Too Many
Straight Lines.

Nature makes no straight lines, for
whether II be the canopy above, the
horizon about US, the shore of ocean
or pond, the course Of streams. the
lines Of horse. bird. or even OF the
human figure. beautiful curves and
variety and multiplicity of curves
everywhere abound. Without guild
ance such as q taut cord, a straight
edge, or ruler, man cannot make a
straight line. Even with the assist
ance OF crack or continuous joint
in a sidewalk the homeward.bound R
the "wee sma' hours anent the twal'
cannot maintain their physical dig
nifty and equilibrium, however assidu-
ously their feet WOO "the straight
and narrow path Of rectitude" 1t
must then be apparent that nature
never intended man to make straight
lines, and the present writer loves
them not, even in a clearinghouse
The clay cottage with matched roof
is the very acme of beauty In shell
tiers for mankind, and often the sim
pie, old-fashioned garden round about
holds more of natural charm than the
most favored part of the grandest es-
tate.
Those who have tramped over fresh
ly.fallen snow. though intent upon GO
ing in a straight line from one specific
point to another. looking back upon
their course. may easily descry what
beautiful and smoothly-fowinE curves
they have traced upon earth's win
try shroud Even the paths OF do
nestle animals through their pastures
are Of most artistic and gentle de-
parture from the monotonous straight
line. Still, we would not advise fol-
lowing these in the economic disposi-
ton of traffic, as did the Bostonians
with Sam Foss' calf trail. Likewise,
we should avoid violation of the die
tates OF common sense by trying TO
institute curves In front walk from
street to door when the distance is
but few PAGES. Curves must not be
made to appear ridiculous. Sometimes
restricted scope precludes their use
and straight lines must prevail. Still,
the straight line is not, as Ruskin is
reputed to have said. the line Of
beauty"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22

II he can, and before he starts out for
himself. he should take a course at
some recognized poultry school. After
he has learned the ways OF the flock
he may have some assurance OF sue
cess. But many mistakes and failures
are sure to beset the path OF the mex.
perienced
Many poultry men fail to market
correctly. They either get too far
away from the market or try to force
themselves upon an overcrowded mar
ket And they often fail 10 put their
goods up in attractive packages and
do not advertise efficiently. A good
understanding Of the market condi-
tons of a given locality is essential
In building up trade there.
II is absolutely essential to have
good stock TO start with. No poultry
man need expect to have any success
II he starts out with flock OF board
ers. The stock need not be pure bred,
but 1t must be good enough to more
than pay for it's keep.
The flock must be improved by care.
full selection and by the Introduction
OF new strains when necessary. Each
brood of chicks must be better than
the last II the poultry business Is TO
be a success. The boarders and the
stragglers must be culled out Con.
slant improvement is the surest road
to success.
A very common cause OF failure is
just plain neglect-neglect in cleaning
up the house; neglect In spraying and
In fighting lice and mites. There is no
excuse for this kind OF failure. The
poultry man should be continually on
guard against insects and diseases.
And above ALL he must always keep
his house and his birds clean.
All OF these causes OF failure may be
summed up in one word. And that
word is "Mismanagement" The three
great laws Of success in poultry may
be summed up as follows: Get some
experience before going into business.
Improve your stock. And keep clean
all the time. The only cure for mis-
management is common sense, and the
farmer who expects to make a sue
cess out Of poultry should keep a good
! stock Of 1t with him.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
A NOTED pLow AND REAP HOOK

4 pillow owned now by VIM. Hurst
ut Clover Bottom, Jackson County,
Kentucky. was brought from Viz
ginia on n pack mule and sold to a
man by the name Of Estill, who liv-
ed near the present site Of Rich
mond
Henry Abrams bought the pillow
from Estill: paying him two pairs
~ vcnison hams and one hushel ot
salt for the pillow. Henry Abrams
used the pillow through his life time,
then passing il on to Solomon
Abrams. his son. Solomon Abrams
passed IL on 10 John II. Abrams. his
son. John II. Abrams gave the pillow
lo VIM. Hurst, who owns il to day.
This pillow will he in my Office IN
the Industrial Building facing Main
street. Berca. Ky, on exhibit, in a
few weeks. stocked as il was when
used by Henry Abrams in 1900. Also
n reap hook owned by VIM. Hurst,
given to him by James NJ. Hurst his
grandfather. His grandfather inner
tied the pap hook from his father.
This reap hook come from Tye's
Branch, Claiborne County, Tennessee.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
city-Piannina Association.

For a number of years the city OF
New York has contemplated the crea-
ton Of a city-planning commission for
regulating the various civic improve
ment undertakings of the municipal
sty. as well as those of private individ-
uals. The work which would come
under the supervision Of such city
planning commission would include,
among other things, housing, indus
trial structures, the conveyances OF
supplies and materials OF manufacture
and manufactured products, the dis.
posal of waste material, the arrange
ment OF the various sections Of the
city in accessible manner, rapid and
convenient means of transportation,
the provision Of facilities for educa-
ton and public recreation.
These are the fundamental objects
Of city planning, but many other city
activities would come under the super
vision of the city-planning commits
sion, such as regulating the height OF
buildings, dividing the city into dis
tricts and zones, traffic regulations,
etc. :
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
INTERESTING ITINERARY OF
COUNTY AGENT

The past week was busy one as
well as interesting and helpful to
the many farmers, young people and
all Interested in better farming and
better living.
At Glover Bottom on the 18th very
interesting meeting was held. Ap-
pie trees were pruned for the bene-
III of those observing, two farms
were visited. two new local demon
strators were lined UP for the work.
Kirby Knob was the next point
on the 18th where an excellent crowd
gathered, made UP largely Of young
farmers. the hope Of our country.
One hundred bulletins were handed
out which were in demand. Two
local demonstrators were secured,
one Of whom Is 20 try out cowpea
rotation.
Big Hill meeting was an interest
ing one on the 18th. Miss Oglesby
spoke To the women and girls on
the canning proposition while Mr..
Spence lectured TO the men. Many
questions were put and discussed,
and the greatest OF interest shown.
Two demonstrators were appointed
one for cowpea and the other for
corn culture.
At Dreyfus on the 10th very in.
formal meeting was held at 2:30
p. m. where Mr.. Spence addressed
the men in front OF the store while
they sat on goods boxes and barrels.
Miss Oglesby lectured to the women
on the inside OF the store. Fifty
bulletins were distributed TO the
Amany interested attendants.
, At 1880 the first farmers meeting
was held at Bobtown where a
large crowd greeted the speakers.
After a most interesting evening
was spent together, the lecturers
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
USE ONLY GOOD INcUBAToRS
Many Little Details Require Skill and
intelligence In Operating Ma
chine Successfully.

Homemade incubators are not gen.
orally desirable. since they are sell
dom scientifically adjusted, nor made
of best material. nor properly fitted up.
The lamp. its burner. its wick. its
chimney, its location for heating, all
require skill and intelligence. So does
the body OF the incubator. as regula-
tor. ventilation, the moisture supplies
and the tray.
Do not buy from any old firm or
buy any discarded machine. Get the
best by test and give II the best that
is In you. Then keep a record of
matches from both hens and incubator
and compare results. not forgetting
that your hen is free to lay again
while her first eggs are Matching.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
COMFORT FOR SETTING HEN
Should Be Guarded Against Pussy
Work Of Laying FowIs-PIan for
Arranging the Nest.

In setting a hen well one must see
that every surrounding is the best pos
sible. That the nest is not too deep
and rounding in the bottom, but near
ly fat, with rounded sides so that the
eggs will lie In a single layer and not
pile upon each other in a manner that
is more than likely to cause them to
get broken.
In cold weather II is a good plan to
line the nest box first with paper, then
the nesting straw or chan. This pre-
vents the cold from getting to the eggs
so easily from below.
II is essential that the setter be
guarded against the fussy work Of the
laying hens. A laying hen using the
same nest will soon break up all posi-
bility Of a good hatch.
On the other hand. the setter must
not be confined so closely that she
cannot come on at will to feed and
dust herself
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
CORN PLANTING

There are many methods concern
ing implements, methods, distance
between rows, thickness Of planting
etc. that should be definitely settled
before planting time. The ques-
tions are governed TO large degree
by local conditions.
A distance Of three feet and six
inches between corn rows is sug-
gestcd for the majority of cases
Some two-row planters are more
easily adjusted TO three feet four
inches. which is very satisfactory.
More space is required for tall
growing than for smaller varieties.
II is never advisable to use seed
that terminates poorly, and with
nrst-class seed IL is well to drop
twice as many kernels as the num-
Der " stalks desired.
In planting. this familiar saying
should be- followed: Zone for the
hlackbrd. one for the crow, one for
the cut worm and three for to
grow" This is saying Of old, but
vet quite truth. It's better to get
a stand at first planting than to
rcplant.
ON poor land and also in my dry
sections. larger grain yields can be
secured with thin stand Of stalks.
Under such conditions however,
\ some other crop can usually he
grown more proiltably than corn,
for corn requires much moisture
and fertility.
Where soil moisture is plentiful
during the silking period, a stalk
for each twenty inches of row (the
rows being 3 feet, 6 inches apart
will make possible n yield Of over
iOO bushels per acre II the stalks
average a pound of grain each. More
than this has been raised per acre
but 100 bushels satisfies us here
in Kentucky. Every farmer ought
to set his yield to 100 bushels per
acre. then when the 100 bushels
have been reached place the yield
higher.
Drillcl corn. IL kept equally cul-
tiyatol and free from weeds. VII
usually produce better than NH
planted corn. The stalks deVeiop'
better and yield better when sepa-
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
FERTILIZER AND LIME

Remember. farmer friends, that
lime and fertilizer will not make the
soil rich. Lime and fertilizer is es-
scntial to soil fertility. but keep in
mind one great important factor
Rotation. Rotation Of crops helps
solve the problem Of soil fertility.
While you are using lime and acid
phosphate this year for crop OF
worn. won't you remember to put
something else on this land next
year? Start up a crop rotation in
connection with lime. phosphate,
clbow-grcasc. and brains, and see
the difference.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22

Every failure IN the poultry bust
ness can be traced, according to James
G. IIalpin. poultry man at the Wiscon-
sin College OF Agriculture, to one or
more OF the following reasons:
l. Too expensive and too impractical
buildings. Flocks do not require cost
ly equipment. and OF course the poul.
try man must pay interest on his in
vestment.
2. Lack OF experience and failure TO
raise chicks properly Many a man has
Jumped into the poultry business with
little or no experience, and naturally
has lost money in his plunging.
3. Failure to market right To pro-
duce a superior product is not enough.
II must be advantageously marketed.
4. Starting with poor stock. II costs
little or no more TO start with profit
producing stock than II does with In.
ferlor fowls
s. Neglect in improving breeding
stock. by carefully selecting the hens
and mating them with well chosen
males more improvement will be Sc
cured
G. Neglect in cleaning. Filth is q
certain cause OF loss to the poultry
man.
7. Neglect In fighting lice and mites
These pests are a source OF heavy loss
10 all who do not fight them.
s. Poor management Like every
other business. poultry raising re-
Quires close attention to details.
Should Go Slow.
The more common cause OF failure
is too heavy investment. Many farm
ers start with expensive buildings as
soon as they get the hen fever" They
run into debt. become discouraged
after a few mistakes, and quit the
business. II is wiser TO patch up the
old poultry house and make improve
ments gradually as your profits war
rant the expenditure. All amateur poul-
try man should go slow and build up
HIS flock from humble beginnings.
The next most common cause OF fail
ure is lack OF experience. No one
should enter the poultry business or
hand without any experience in rails
ing chicks. He should serve an ap-
premiership on some poultry farm. or
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
FOWLS DEMAND PROPER FOOD
Green Feed, Meat Scraps, Grain and
Lime Are Requlred-Fresh Water
10 Also Necessary.

Laying hens, like the milch COW. de-
mand proper food. A mixed ration
comprising green feed. meat scrap and
grain, will. with the addition Of lime
in some form, supply all that is re-
quired. Fresh water is also a neces-
sity. Chan from alfalfa or clover af-
fords green food. The former. ground
ready for use may now be bought by
the pound Hens eat 1t readily. Being
rich in protein IT is better for laying
fowls than most forms OF green food,
and makes necessary less meat in the
ration.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
Collar Affects Price.

The color OF eggs has something to
do with their sale in most markets.
Some prefer the brown tints and some
the white. In preparing baskets for
sale II is we'll to cater to these tastes.
Put all browns in one basket, all
whites In another Paper cartons for
transportation. holding one dozen
eggs, can be had at paper dealers
Brown shelled eggs are apt to be large.
since most Of the larger breeds Of
fowls lay colored eggs. Color really
has nothing to do with contents.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE
Conducted by Spence speeis
Investigator

rated from each other by several
inches than when crowded closely
together in hills.
n the corn is planted in hills by
hand The kernels should be separa-
ted in each hill by few inches.
This tends to increase the yield and
makes il easier TO thin without
loosing or injuring the remaining
stalks.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22

were insisted upon to return in the
near future.
At all these meetings noted above
much enthusiasm was shown in
farming the better way. Farms are
being cleaned up. houses are being
painted. fences and gates are being
repaired. new farming utensils are
being purchased and general ad-
vanccmcnt made in this territory.
IT'LL
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
HUNGARY'S WAR SONG.

Lord of heaven, bless our land,
Joy and plenty here bestow;
In our need lift thine hand,
Strong to shield us from the
foe.
Hungary In days of old,
Proud and fearless, stanch and
free
Calrd her SONS from field and
fold
To die for liberty;
Calld her sons from field and
fold
To die for liberty.
Hail. all hail, holy land!
Crown'd with lonely mothers
tears;
Onward lead. hero band.
Onward ever through the
years.
Peace shall follow after pain,
Love shall garner in her store,
Freedom rises once again,
Shall live for evermore;
Freedom rises once again,
Shall live for evermore.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
leas Of Birds for Show.

II show birds have rough legs. band
age them in cloths spread with vase
line. for a week before the show
washing them first, OF course. The
vaseline leaves a stain on the feath-
ers which is hard TO get out in the
wash. so be careful to push the feath-
ers back and bandage under them.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
WeII-Fed Hen Pays.

Are you going to allow the price OF
grain to cause you TO underfeed your
chickensY Better sell them now. II
does not take half-staryed hen long
TO eat her head OF The well-fed hen
will lay enough eggs to more than
pay her leep.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
Good JUDGMENT Needed.

Good judgment-not a matter OF
opinion, but a matter Of principle,
training and experiments necessary
to the selection of proper location
for a civic center in order to. avoid
the criticism and condemnation of fu-
ture generations to which we lay our
selves open if we do not exercise
proper judgment at the crucial mo-
ment
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22

Mabel - don't believe you really
meant II when you said you were anx-
ious to hear me sing. Sam-Oh. l as
sure you did. You see, had never
heard you sing before-London Tele-
graph.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
Onions for Poultry.

Onions make an excellent feed and.
chopped fine and fed to the poultry oc-
casionally during the winter, will ma.
terially help to keep them In good con-
dition.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
Essence Of VIII.

You cannot admire will In general.
because the essence Of will is that It
IL particularly. X. Chesterton.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
A DEFINITION.

A smile: the lighting system OF
the face and the heating system OF
the heart.-April Woman's Home
Companion,
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-04-22
WORDS OF WISDOM.


In adversely it is easy to de-
spise life: he is truly brave who
can endure "a wretched life
Martial.
Nothing is well ordered that is
hasty and precipitate.-Seneca.
Without your knowledge the
eyes and ears Of many will see
and watch you as they have
done already.-Cicero.
The belly is the teacher of art
and the bestower Of genius
Persius.
The uncertain multitude is d.
vided by opposite opinions
Vergil.
The Washington times., 1915-02-06
DEMOCRATS MUST
DROP SHIP BILL OR
HOLOEXTRASESS|ON
With Only Twenty-Five LegisIa.
tive Days Left, Leaders
Have to Make Choice.

Senate Democratic leaders. with but
twenty-five legislative days left before
the session ends, are face 10 face with
the question OF whether to drop the
ship purchase bill or to continue to
press II and thus force an extra session.
This question cannot remain unan-
swered much longer. II the ship pur-
chase bill is held before the Senate for
the next week or ten days, It will prob
ably be found impossible to pass the ap-
preparation bills and get through by
March 4.
Senator Simons, who called at the
White House today, declared he was
strongly in favor Of holding the ship
bill before the Senate until March 4, II
need be. and then calling an extra ses-
sion. He would have an extra session
to pass ship purchase II necessary. or
he would have It to pass the oppropria-
ton bills If in order to pass ship pr
chase 1t is found needful to hold back
the supply measures.
While Senate leaders aren OF unani-
nous IN this. the indications are strons
they will decide to do this, and that the
President will take the same position.
Senator Simmons thinks the bill Will not
be dropped. :,
The Senate held no session tssay: I
recesyed over from Friday nisht st
oMnday. Then. 1t IL expected. thc neh
over ship purchase will be renewed
The Democratic plan is to allow tn,
c:s,Se motion to recommit to be vops
on. 1t will pass. Then will come tn
Gore motion to discharge the Committe'
on Commerce from consideration o
the Gore bill. This will carry u vot'
can be had. Senator Kenyon Will sup
port II, though he 10 pledged to stan'
by tho motion to recommit. More
over. iSenatoR Newlands will be oacl
Monday. Senator Smith of South caro-
, Tina has wired he cannot Se here.
| Republicans have two chances 70 M
| buster now where before they had bu
one. They can delay the Gore nOtio
| to discharge the committee and discus
It at length. Then. II the committee l
| DISCHARGED. they can make the figh
over ship purchase all over again