davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
Texas Legislature Besought To Act With
US. OnRiO Grande FlOOdW alter Measure

it, possibilities after having resided here
for thirty-two years, ! feel that ! express
the ideas III the people All along thi~ Valley
from III Pa~o 10 the gulf, aud before THE
tucsin shall sound the funeral dirge, ! hope
tn see the development of thi~ great Valley,
then | can lay me down to pleasant dreams
and sleep the sleep that knows no waking
and can feel III that last hour that ~ my
feeble efforts | have contributed something
~ leaves nv M inheritance ~ the people ~
this Eden III nv country. and po-terity
will III coming ages sing praises - the
legislatures Of our great state and nation
for the aid rendered in be>towIng upon
them the richest. most valuable and beau
tiful land the world has ever known.
j. X. MONROE.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
Washington Army Orders.

" Washington. ID. g.. March THE fol
lowing army orders have been issued:
Major W. G.. Penticld. ordnance depart
ment. has resigned his commission and
same has been accepted by the president,
to take effect March L.
Second Lieutenant~ u. NJ. Herman and
John III. Carruth. corps ~ engineers. are
transferred from the First battalion u the
Second battalion ~ engineers.
Captain Frank J. Miller. coast artillery
corps, is assigned Ia the Eighty fourth
company.
BY direction of the president. First Lieu
tenant George Il. Byrd. Se,rutccnth intan-
try, is relieved from duty ~ Virginia Mill
tary Institute. Lexington. Na.
Leaves Of absence: First Lieutenant
George Il. Byrd. Seventeenth infantry. TIA
months and ten day; Captain II. N. Lin
coin. coast artillery curp~. one month
Captain +. III. Pope. q~uarterma~ter corps.
noe month.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
80 CARS LETTUCE
is WEEKS RECORD

San Benito, Texas, March What j.
probably the climax Of the whole winter
truck shipping season from the Lower Rio
Grande Valley was reached last week. The
lettuce crop, which has succeeded cabbage
as the great ruck staple from this territory.
was at It's prime and thirty-two carloads
of this crisp vegetable were sent out from
here 10 the far northern markets a. com
pared with twenty nine for the preceding
week. Up to date the seasons shipments
of lettuce from here amount to nearly I25
carloads.
Practically all lettuce shipped from San
Benito goes by freight even 10 the most
distant markets, such aS Pittsburgh. Buffa-
10 and New York city. the preceding sys-
TEN making it possible to keep il in perfect
condition for six weeks or more.
Prices beng received thus far range well
above 4 thousand dollars per carload net
10 the growers with the general tendency
slightly upward. The best returns received
last week were a little more than $1,000 for
"A carload sold in New York. Ii i estimated
that the lettuce crop J. about three-iftls
harvested.
Cabbage ! proving p poor second ~ a
truck crop III the Valley This season. total
shipments for the week amounting a. only
fifteen carloads. The general tone ~ the
cabbage market i considered somewhat
better than ii has been. but the cash price
still stands at - per ton net.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

adopt the Sheppard resolution before il adj
iourn~ on March 4.
The Legislature should not only act upon
the Sheppard resolution, but il. too, should
appropriate nj least 81. 900 for the same
purpose. either by resolution or be incorpo-
rated IN the appropriation bill. and au-
thorlzlng the state waterway engineers to
expend II for the purpose If developing this
great. rich valley. n IL would h. but \ few
years until the whole amount expended IN
the state would ~ refunded ~ reason II
the millions If dollars Increase in taxable
values.
! admit hat there are. doubtless. many
members of our legislature who know
nothing of this great Valley except from
reading. They possibly do not fully realize
it, wonderful possibilities. and what il
means 10 Texas 10 develop this Valley from
III Paso 70 the gulf. They may not have
considered the fact that il would Ne noted
n the largest irrigation system in the
world. being over 1900 miles long and an
average of II to 35 miles wide. equal Ia
$1,000. 900 or 10000. 900 acres of land. and
possibly not over 1000. 900 Of that vast
acreage i under irrigation today. and with
irrigation il will remain a barren waste
and when turned 10 farms. gardens. orch
ards and vineyards. under irrigation. would
be the pride of Texas. and the wonder and
admiration Of the world. the great enter
of attraction of the entire nation.
] am opposed To the legislature leaving
its duties az Austin and spending the time
Of the people IN trumpetine excursions. hui
the time ~ the people could not b. spent
more valuable 10 the state M large than
for the legislature IN adjourn some Satur-
day IA noon. and come down here and ~rr
what j. being done and what can w. lone
in this great. rich valley from RAYMOND
willie Ia below Brownsville. and thence up
To Mission. and then | feel certain the leg
would not hesitate 70 appropriate
the small sum Of S25. 900 for the purpose
mentioned. and I would suggest that
amount ~ expended Oh condition that
the sheppard resolution J. adopted. ~ the
state can ~ nothing except IN conjunction
with the general government. and ~ pass
ING such q resolution il would be- a strong
Ia have congress pass the Shep-
pard resolution.
For the purpose Of the excursion men
TONED ! an certain every railroad would
grant 2 cheap rate and arrange for every
accommodation ~ the members. for I'M TIE
roads are deeply Interested III thi~ PROPOSE
tion.
A. n citizen Of Texas. n 4 resident of
this great Valley. knowing what il j. and
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
ALSBURY AND 0'KEEFE TO
GIVE EXHIBITION SOON

Tex Alsburv of the United STATES ma
w. who j. scheduled To meet Jimmy O.
keefe i'm a 10 round boxing exhibition al
the Brownsville Athletic Club ON Satur-
day. March 9th. i expected 10 arrive in
this city toady.
AlShury met Okcefc befort the Clubs
smoker last month and the two kept the
members interested throughout Bob
boys are very clever. and 4 scientific and
cl"an bout may be expected.
Okeefc has been in Brownsville since
the last show. and has made many
friends by his gentltmanly conduct. He
is a veteran in the boxing game. and
when he steps on the stage the fans are
snre of seeing some clever wo,k.
The Brownsville Athletic Club thru
Athletic Director, Guy Turpin. Announce
that from now on the club expects 10
Nstagc a wrestling bout between highclaSS
performers. every two weeks. Mr.. Tur-
pin il negotiating with Constantine Ro-
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
SAN BENITO DETERMINES
TO HAVE A BALL TEAM
Especial 10 The Herald.)

san Benito. Texas. March The ques-
ton a. 10 whether san Bcnito will main
a ball team IN the race FOR the Valley
championship this season was definitely
last week by liberal subscriptions
for stock NJ the proposed baseball park
association. Practically the whole capital
has been subscribed and 4 meeting
will ~ held tonight to pcrfccr organization
and elect officers and directors. Ii II the
plan to begin ut once the construction of 4
park and grand>tand.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
County Sues for Strip of Land.

Plalnview. Texas. March Trial was
10 begin today IN district court at Gail.
Borden county. Of a suit Of Lubbock conn
" against Hale county for 4 strip Of ter
rltory about one mile wide across the ,ontb
end M Hale county. including taxes col
lerted On the land involved for the past
twenty years. Lubbock county claims an
error was made in n survey over q quarter
OF a century 20. giving the .and To Hale
county. The town of Alternately is now
located on this land.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
VETERINARY INSPECTORS
TO CONFER AT SANT0NE

\ conference of the United States veter-
mary inspectors on the Mexican border.
Southwest District. ~ being held today at
san Antonio un the quarantine proclamu-
tion issued la~t week IN Governor y. VII.
Ferguson. Dr. n. y. Dutro. Inspector tar
the port ~ Brownsville. lett for San An
tonne. sunday afternoon, for the purpose 1T
being present 10 the conference.
Dr. +. ;. Mccain, state health officer.
who ha> iu~t returned 10 Brownsville after
an absence "a three months. stated TODAY
that amy orders respecting thc iout end
mouth disease quarantine would core iu
him. and nv said that ~ had received
nothing e. yet.
Not only on account ~ the quarantine IN
the governor. but also because 81 the a..
~cnce of Dr. Dutro, NO live stock j. beius
brought IN through thi~ port 81 SUPPORT
II D. expected that definite infur
concerning the proclamation will
~ available upon thc return NJ DR. Dutru
from >an Antonio.
al the custom house today " wa stated
that the customs officer are mot Stopping
the importation Of hide. and they may ~
brought over. However. They would De-
L. seizure by state oficer,.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

4 combined chair and ironing board
which folds into small space when Idle
H. the invention NJ N New Jersey woman.
"A STRIP ~ land six miles Nid. and
about ~ miles long w the Trin>,aal
supplies about unc third II the worlds
gold.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

NIIL PAY l. per cent interest to anyone
;. taking up tho last vendor lien note on my
highly improved farm and extending same
for one, two, or three years. win also keep
buildings insured for full amount in favor
of lender. Address Int. IIcrald-2'23 Gt
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

mano. Pet Brown. Lloyd Carter. and
several others. and a ml,ch viii he clos.
ed IN the near future. The WRESTLING
bouts will b staged between the regular
monthly smokers, and popular prices
will prevail.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

Clcburnc. Texas. March 1.-The Johnson
County Marketing and Dver-ification az
ISOLATION. scheduled ia meet here this aft
ernoon. wa expected to furnish an inter
eSting session. The committees ON mar
keting. crop methods. education and or
ganization have been active since their APP
pointmcnt al TIE last meeting and their r.
ports were Ia ~ submitted Id today meet
ing. President Turlton was ~ preside.
Religion j. n good thing that never cuts
a wide swath IN a horse trade.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

SPANISH LESSONS-Miss Francisco Bo-
lado, 521 Elizabeth street Sessions .
To 6 and Z to s p. m.-2Il5ltf.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
HELP WANTED.

$40 TO $50 PER MONTH extra money to
any person employed without interfering
with regular work. No selling. No can
vassing. Positively no investment. I'm
employed need not apply. Address The
Silver Mirror Co. Inc. l23 ". Madison
street. Chicago. Ill.-226 IT..
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

MEN AND WOMEN wanted 10 advertise
and sell our Bells Peroxide Beauty
Cream; beauties Immediately; S25 10 $50
weekly easily made. Write quick for ter
New York City.-2ll7'3Ot.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
EDUCATIONAL.

SPANISH LESSONS, by n competent,
graduate professor. Modern and simple
methods. Moderate prices. Call at Mo-
rales Studio. next to Herald, for informa-
tion.-11l loft.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

MALE HELP-Men our Illustrated rata-
log explains how " teach the barber
trade in n few weeks. Write Molcr.C College.
Dallas, Texas.-2276t.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

LOST-Amethyst rosary with gold CHAIN.
ON Washington street Sunday night. Has
name on back Of cross. Liberal reward for
return to ST. Herald.-3 hi.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
FOR SALE.

% SALE-One National cash register
and one iron safe; cheap. Kaplan Dry
Goods Co.-2l2iltf.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01
CLASSIFIED ADS
FOR RENT.
FOR RENT.

FOR RENT-Fnrnished rooms, all. con-
veniences. 1917 Madison street-2l26l5t
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

FOR RENT-Six room house. Apply Mrs.
Chapa, Eighth and st. Charles streets
2l27ltf.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

FOR RENT-Rooms $50 and 50 per
week at Southern hotel, corner Ninth
and st. Charles.-1l2ltf.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

FOR SALE CHEAP-Good work horses.
Apply 10 j. A. Dimick, II. +. ID. No. l.. on
Indiana canal.-2l27ltf.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1915-03-01

FOR RENT-Furnished bed rooms, five
blocks from post office. Apply 701 St.
Charles street. Phone 237.-19ltf.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1915-01-29
COOPERATION Chapter III-Are Civic
Organizations An Asset To Town?
By o. V. BADLEY

meeting by one of the merchants OF
the city. Others belong to, and sup
port the club, then advertise at large
that is only pink tea affair, sissy
club maintained as a lounging and
reading room for few favored loaf
ers. While gossips, both he and She
male, charge outright that it is a
gambling joint where hickeys are used
instead of money.
We believe many of these criticisms
are unjust, and they and all of them
detract from any efficiency the club
might have. The city cannot advance
with this condition. Any fool can
criticise and find fault but it takes
a wise guy" to find remedy and
help apply it.
am willing to acknowledge my
part in the failure OF the club to ac-
complish its desired ends. | was one
of the original organizers and the
first temporary secretary of the club
when we met in the bath house across
the track, and have belonged to it
ever since until a couple of years ago,
and would with many others delight
to assist the club now financially and
otherwise if it would work along more
practical lines and for the building up
and betterment Of the town.
We need more people, more indus
tries, more money. Until this is done
1--WE cannot expect better times and
conditions for either the business man
or the land owner To do this we
must advertise and do it now.
This is no boost for the real estate
man. They do not expect any advant-
age and with but one or two excep-
tons, are always ready and willing
to do more than their part in the work
and expense.
People are looking toward the west
as never before. Thousands will be
looking for homes and locations this
spring and summer. Other towns are
now getting ready to do extensive ad-
vertising and will reap the benefit
unless we get busy at once. Many
inquiries are coming in now and we
have nothing to send them as a city.
Our literature is years old and in
effective. President Lewis has taken
hold of the job with a vim and from
appearances wants to start something.
Let's get back of him, forget past mis-
takes, differences and indifferences
and make the Caldwell Club, in reality
as well as name, the best, biggest,
bunch of boni ide, banner, boosters
to be found in the whole northwest.
Let's go after'em and double the
Of Caldwell and contiguous
territory by 1920. To do this means
judicious, scientific, careful advertis-
ing, not the hot air exaggerated costly
kind, but a little money and lots Of
brains will do the trick. Caldwell
has both. We are ready with our
part of the first mentioned article, and
while we haven't any of the latter to
spare, we are willing to wear them
to point, telling folks of the wonder
lul advantages and possibilities and
the great opportunities of the Boise
Valley in general and in particular.
Nuff Sed, Let's get busy.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1915-01-29
MEMBERS OF PRESIDENT
WILSON'S CABINET

;. In compliance with request we pub
n Iisn below the members Of Presiden,
Wilson's cabinet: :
Secretary of State-William len.
ningS Bryan, of Nebraska.
secretary of the Treasury-Willian
"i0oS McAdoo, of New York.
Secretary Of War-Lindley NJ Car.
rison' OF New Jersey.
= Attornev-General : Thomas Wat,
Gregory, OF Texas. "S ""''
D Postmaster eneral-Albert Sidney
Burleson, of Texas. quincy
Daniels, of North Carolina 0oep""S
: Secretary of the Interior-FrankI;r
might Lane, of California.
secretary of Agriculture - David
FRANKLIN Houston, of Missouri "
Secretary OF Commerce@W;iIiiiam r
Redeid, of New York imam T.
Secretary of Labor-William RAN
ch9P Wilson, OF Pennsylvania 90"
. ! ! he salary of the cabinet officers e
$4,000 each. o'"oerS Is
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1915-01-29
4 4 4 4 4 4 ~ ~ 4 + =
x FAIRVIEW
< X X X X x x K X X X X X X X +

Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Vail are re-
Joicing over arrival of a bay girl at
their home.
c. F. Pennington and wife visit
ed couple of days the past week.
Arthur Cribfeld returned to her
home at Homedale after spending
several weeks with her father, VIM.
Dickson.
Dan Cashman's baby is quite sick.
Frank Wilson is visiting his sister,
Mrs. John Greer.
5. A Marsh marketed his hogs
Tuesday.
Mrs, l.. O. Donnel is visiting rela-
tlves i'll this vicinity.
Earnest Franks made a trip to
Homcdale and bought his sister Ber
meta home with him to keep house
Tor himself and MIR. Dickson.
Mrs. Conklin was up from Ten
dasus Saturday.
MISS Harris of Greanleaf visited the
FaIrview Sunday school Sunday.
Nira Conklin and Irene Bethel were
up from Tendavis visiting old school
mates Saturday and Sunday.
Mr.. Butlar and Mr.. Greer were
'lSllolS III Nreanleat Jew
days past
Claudio Price is quite sick at his
home near Greanleaf.
Cozo and Wallace Bethel and Hub
ert Conklin walked up from Tendayies
to the literary Thursday night.
MT. Chapman is on the sick list.
here will be preaching at the
school house Sunday night.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1915-01-29

living on the Griffith ranch during the
owners absence, have moved back to
their home in Caldwell
J. T. Smith and daughter, Meta,
spent Sunday at the f. f. Jones'
home.
Mrs. McAdams was a Caldwell visi-
tor Monday.
Mrs. S. NJ. HURT of Caldwell put in
last week visiting friends in this com
munity. Among those she visited
were the Greggs, McAdams, Hitler,
and Peters families.
Wesley Harling of Caldwell visited
Friday with his parents.
Dewey Walls who has been spend
ing the winter i'll Nampa, returned
to his home Sunday.
A number of boys were skating on
the lake Sunday. They report the
ice in good condition now, and thick
enough to be perfectly safe.
Dolly Sprang was home over Sun
day.
Agnes Harling is confined to her
home with an attack of pneumonia.
Miss Gregory spent Saturday and
Sunday with her aunt, Mrs. Claud
Frost, of Star.
Addie Harling of Nampa was with
her parents liver the week end.
Ben Altizer and family have moved
onto their place just vacated by the
Wildly family.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1915-01-29
X x x x X 4 X X X A&&k+ ~
Y MIDDLETON


Mr.. and Mrs. J. II. Moberlv worc
in Meridian Sunday, guests Of I
Birch,s mother who is visiting in her
T.. n; Langtree and wife were over
from Emmett to attend the Odd
Fellows Annual ball January 21st
Mrs. 5. ). Foote is still very i'll
MT. Garrett, gave the young REQ
pie OF Middleton and Central Park :,
real old time dance at his home neo+
Central Park, Saturday night, A.
Is always the case, those bachelors
are good entertainers and the vounf,
folks all agreed that they had The
best time of their lives.
Roy Brown OF Caldwell was v;s;t
ing his aunt and uncle, Mr.. and Nrs
N o6erly Saturday, he also attended
Odd Fellows Lodge Saturday nigbt
Garland Duncan and Miss Pollv
who reside near Boise came dow
LOT E2T the dance Thursday night about
hiteen came out from Caldwell Smith
ana Downey, conductor and motor
man on the last car. also attendnd
and seemingly enjoyed the fun TO the
fullest extent. ~ ''ie
Harry Long returned from SaIt
Lake today, where he has been en-
Ployed by a telephone companv
a. Bagley is enjoying a wish with
ms younger brother from Nilsson,
G Gno VIII probably visit friends in
Caliiornla before returning home
MI mag mas been hauling wheat
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1915-01-29

Rev D, D, Gillian has ably as
sisted Rev. Saward during the revival
meetings.
Mrs. J. NJ, Hartley is suffering
from an attack that may terminate
in pneumonia.
Mrs. 5. b. llorner has returned the
httle. girl to the children home after
keeping her for the period allowed
Tor trial before adoption.
Miss Caroline Baker came over
from Emmett for the Odd Fellows
ball and a visit with her father,
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1915-01-29
from his homestead near Box Springs

from his homestead near Box Springs
to the millers at Caldwell
H, S. Flint left Friday for Califor-
ma. Ills family will join him as soon
as ne iinds suitable location.
Inc Misses Anna and Lillian Alch-
enberger gave delightful kensinp-
ton Thursday afternoon. Those inyif.
ca were, Miss Eunice Murphy, Mes
danes p. Watkins, A. Bailey. /. II.
Mabee' Frans Crockett, J. i. Cum
mlngs, i. o. CLANCY, p. Meth and
5. p. Baker. N'' "'u
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1915-01-29
GLEASON REPORT AR
RAINGS LACK OF SYSTEM

Officials working under such sys-
tenn of accounting as that in use
in the state of Idaho at this time are
more to be pittied than censured, in
the opinion of w. II. Gleason, who
has been making an examination of
the various funds under which the
state government operates. Mr.. Glea-
son believes that the accounting me
thods of tn state need immediate re-
vision, and that immediate action in
this direction is of as much import
ance as the investigation of past per-
formanceS.
His examinations of the public
building maintenance fund, the re-
port OF which was read to the house
OF representatives Monday morning
advises that an investigation be made
into the purchases of fuel during the
past four years.
In the opinion of Mr.. Gleason.
there have been a number of expendi-
tunes, amounting to $4323.62, which
should not have been charged to that
tund. In previous report he assert
ed that there had been payments from
the public building endowment fund
which were rightly chargeable against
the maintenance fund. These amount
ed to $5s86.25.
What Gleason Says.
he report is as follows:
To His Excellency, NJ. Alexander,
governor of Idaho:
Slr-ln accordance with your in
structions we have the honor to sub
init our report on the expenditures of
the public building maintenance fund
1914. 20 anu
Inc appropriation for this fund for
the biennial period l9ll-lol2 was
IS? 600, being expended as follows:
~ NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. $l8,687. 90
i'I- NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. lo,3ll92 |
otai ''''..,.... .,........ $34,ooo.9l
Leaving. balance in the fund at
the end OF the period OF 9 cents. OF
this amount there was expended for
to property in the way Of
equipment the sum of $3073.78 We
take exception to this item, the same
not being proper charge to the
maintenance OF the capitol building.
-, Details Expenses.
The biennial Appropriation for the
years l9l3-l9l4 was fifty thousand
lollars, which sum was exhausted in
I,une, 1914. During the year 1918
here was expended the sum of $38-
l/O:l5' being about IS per cent of the
,ntire appropriation. From January
o June So 1914. there was expended
he sum of $ll,o29. 20, and for The
balance OF the year deficiency vouch-
RS were filed amounting to Sl3834o5
making a total for the year 1914 Of
'z9'/o4.lS. The maintenance expenses
heretore for the year 1914, Including
ne amounts actually expended to
une 50, together with the deficiency
'ouchers and payrDlls filed subse-
luently show reduction in the main
enance expenses under the year 1913
# $l2,308.98. 20
During the latter biennial period the