davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1915-08-23
The Commissioners

The personnel Of tbs commission fol-
n Frank F. Walsh. Missouri Chair
b.. John Z. Commons, Wisconsin,
\ Mrs J. Borden Hartman, repre-
||rng the public r II. Ashton, Illi-
b. Harris Weinstock, California and
!. Emston Ballard, Kentucky. r6pre-
ntw the employers. and John 3.
II Illinois, James O'Connen, Dis
Il Columbia. and A. 3. Garrett
IN, representing the employed.
kmport of the representatives Of
employees, known as the staff"
u drawn UP by Basil NJ. Manly,
sstr Of Research and Investigation
ss commission, was signed by
nigoners Walsh, Lennon, O'Con-
Ind Garretson. In connection with
main reports these commissioners
ID three Supplemental Opinions
Suggestions" as follows: One by
Walsh, one by Mr.. Garretson. and
by Mr. Lennon and Mr.. OConnell
FtE.
Pc report Of the commissioners rep
1t,ng the public, and the summary
- were written by Commissioner
n,ns. He and Mrs Hartman
4 without reservation. Com
NJ Ashton, Ballard and Vein
improved il in large part and
kthey dissent to portions of it.
hf Manly report are expressed
sp-called Weinstock report
- Weinstock, Ashton and Bal
Reports Identified
scports are identified as the
or Staff report; the Com
- OF report Of the commissioners
Il We public, and the Weinstock re-
~ which among other things ex-
$50 dissent from the findings of
Y other two reports.
Inc Manly summary finds that the
Auses Of industrial unrest groun
almost without exception
-.aef -FOUR main sources which include
u Inc others. They are:
-. !; unjust distribution of wealth
nc income. "eS-i '1'
NM. : Unemployment and denial of
10 earn a living.
, - Denial Of justice in the creation
s,. ..s adjudication and in the admin
S'fa'ion Of the law. '- aa'iiiN
~, : Denial of the right ana onno-+r
Rens y i0rm effective ORGANIZATIONS"
'0ies are suggested.
report SAYS Tue commons
pn- ans greatest cause 0. irs,s+r,s,
iav ss' n. Is the breakdown Of the lab aar
E,a,s an ana distrust Of our nun;cinsI
ba-r ar "a sao national governments IN +bs
k5s , :, large portion of our ne az, Ls :
hr c ,sp0rf outlines plan for reneav.
II q , buttons through the ipstiturion
''''aaen' Industrial Commis-
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1915-08-23

gone to the river today hoping il would
recede and permit them to rescue rel
atives, friends and their water-soaked
possessions. Appeals for help were
sent to St Louis tonight and hundreds
Of volunteers Immediately responded.
Boats are being rushed TO the Mera-
mec by train.
Unconfrmed reports said that every
building on either side Of the river
from Clinton Pacific, a distance of 35
miles had been carried away In VAL
ley Park alone 1000 families have been
made homeless The water was 10 to
20 feet high in the streets The river
now is two and a half miles wide at
Valley Park and Meramec Highlands
and four miles wide at Crescent. No
The flooded area is estimated at 100
square miles.
Thousands Of refugees from the food
ed districts are being housed in church
&c to+o1- ,-s z4ha. r,,hJ;, l,,;Ia;~-.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1915-08-23
TTALY'S DEC LARING WAR ON
TURKEY WILL INFLUENCE BALKANS

Quadruple Entente Expects Aid of Rumania
Bulgaria Seeks Mac edonia from Serbia :
Hopes of Allies in Ne ar East Hang upon Re-
suit of Dardanelles operations French Claim
Repulse of German A ttacks in Artois and
Vosges Regions
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1915-08-23
Sudden Rush Of Water Following Storm Sweeps Away Buildings
at Pleasure Resorts, Club Houses and CottagesHundreds
Of Persons Save Lives by Climbing Tree Tops and Are Ma
rooned There Despite Efforts Of Rescuers in Motor Boats
RIVER SEVERAL FEET HIGHER THAN
BEFORE IN H ISTORY OF ST. LOUIS

Reports State Every Building on Both Sides for
Forty Miles Has Been Carried Away-Two
Thousand Homeless in Valley Park with Wa
ter Ten to Twenty Feet High in Streets The
Flooded Area Hundre Square Miles
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1915-08-23
Hundreds in Danger

Hundreds in Danger
Several hundreds Of persons had
been marooned in cluhhouses and cot
taees along the river by the first rise
several days ago following 4e-hour
rainfall. and hundreds of others had
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1915-08-23
Boston Forecast

Boston, Aug. 22.-Forecast for Bos-
ton and vicinity: Showers. followed
hy clearing Monday: Tuesday fair;
moderate southwest winds,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1915-08-23
SHOWERS

Weather forecast for northern New
England: Showers Monday; Tuesday
fair.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1915-08-23
BATTLESHIPS LOST
BY THE GERMANS
IN RIGA BATTLE

The Battle Cruiser Mott Ike, Three Cruisers and
Seven Torpedo Boats Reported Destroyed by
Russians Soldiers in Four Barges Are Re-
pulsed and Barges Captured
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1915-08-23

Thousands Of refugees from the food
ed districts are being housed in church
es, hotels and other public buildings
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07

that the reports were exaggerated.
They found abandoned in the two
trains many passengers mostly wom-
en-. half asphyxiated by smoke. OH
ers had collapsed on the floor of the
tube. Some were brought mp by lad
derr through mauholes, some through
Vcntllatiug aperturcs in the street Or
dinarily covered with steel grating
Nearby theaters. stores and auto
mobile garages were Communicated
by the police as temporary hospitals
for me less seriously injured while
dozens Of ambumnces carried away'
to hospitals those needing skilled at-
tcntion Some Of those were reported
In serious condition tonlfht Miss
ELLA BRADY the only person TO lose
her NE, dicd in an ambulance The
lives of several were undoubtedly
saved by the use OF pulmutors. physi-
cians said
investigations TO fiX the hlmc for
the accident were at once started by
District Attorney Pcrkins and the
public service commission and word
came from Albany that the accident
had started legislative activity look
Ing to an investigation Of the states
supervision of public utilities.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
DELEGATES TELL OF
SPLIT IN CONVENTION

III Paso, Tex, Jan. "Details of
the split of the Zapata conven
lion members reached here today in
reliable reports from the interior.
Five members Of the origina! Aguas
Caientes convention who left Mexico
City recently arrived at Saltillo, which
is In Carranza territory. They were
headed by Martin Espinosa, who UNI
til his departure from the national
capital was acting as president of the
permanent committee of twenty-one
members Of the convention His de-
nunciatiJn of the Villa element is
hailed by the Carranza faction as a Sc
rious political blow to the enemy.
The cons ention has held no formal
sessions which were set to begin ON
the first day of the year
The trip north Of General villa to
confer acre with General Scott re-
garding further border fighting Will
delay, it is believed, the convention
of the Vi1a-Zapata military chiefs.
out of the confusion Of eontending
Mexican governments there came to-
day from southern Mexico a peculiar
statement. According TO announce
ment from the convention consulate
mere. Governor Avila of Yucatan has
denounced the Carranza government
and without acknowledging the con-
vention party declared himself "neu-
trail"
The Carranza agents claim de-
cisiye victory at Puebla, captured by
Obregon's army. and also in fighting
east of Torreon. The latter is deemed
of more importance since it is pre-
liminary to an attempt to cut Villa
communications by taking the rail-
road center. Carranza troops under
Gen. Antonio Nillareal defeated yes
terday the convention troops at Marie,
near Torreon said a message today
from Gen. Pablo Gonzales, at Tam
pico Heavy renforeements sent
from Mexico City by Villa toward Pu-
ebla, were reported as checked by
General Obregon twenty miles north
west of Puebla. Obregon's Yaqui
Indian cavalry was said to be pur-
suing the routed enemy. These Car
rama victories lacked definite denial
from villa officials here.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
SHIP PURCHASE
BILL HAS HARD
TIME IN SENATE
Opponents Resort TO 0bStruC-
tive Tactics 10 Keep Admin
istration Measure From
Coming Up for Debate,


Washington. Jan. determined
efforts will be made tomorrow by
administration leaders OF the senate
to get the government ship purchase
bin actually before tho senate for
general debate That every parlia-
mentary expedient TO delay consid-
GRAFTON of the measure will be used,
was demonstrated today by republic
can opponents OF the measure.
Senator Fletcher, In charge OF the
bill, proposed as a substitute the or
ignal measure as amended ycster-
day by the commerce committee I'm
mcdlately Senator Lodge called for
the reading Of the majority report, a
lengthy document the reading OF
which would have required an hour
or more, democratic leaders protest
ed, and after considerable conference
the republican leaders permitted the
amendment bin to be offered for the
purpose of having 1t printed.
with the passage of the urgent de-
flclency bill, the ship purchase bin
became the unfinished business, but
an effort win be made 60 have it sup
planted by the District of Columbia
appropriation bill Democratic lead
ers insist however that they have
enough votes TO keep the ship bin
before the senate,
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
ARMED SOLDIERS
ENTER GALLERY
OF CONVENTION
Zapata Men Apparently Out
number All Others When
Conference ReopenS in City
of Mexico,


Mexico city, Jan. (via FL Paso,
Tex. Jan. 6l-The national conven-
tion called for the purpose of naming
a provisional president and adopting
a reform program met today at noon
in the chamber Of deputies. Most Of
the dav was consumed in examining
credentials and debating the question
Of admitting certain delegates.
During the debate number Of
armed soldiers entered the gallery
aud after somewhat exciting scenes
were compelled to leave the chamber
1t was decided that in the future
neither delegates nor spectators
might bear arms at the meetings. A
majority of the delegates present to-
day belonged to the Zapata army
Colonel Mailman who attempted to
address the delegates, was arrested on
a charge of being the murderer Of
Captain Colocain in the state of Chi
huahua.
Seven military trains will leave to-
morrow bearing artillery of the bri-
gade of General Angeles Their des-
tinatIon was said to be Saltillo or
Tampico. The force viii divide ac-
cordlng 20 strategic plans made by the
war office here. A battle near the
City of Pachuea was reported today
IN which the forces of Carranza were
said to have been repuIsed with
heavy losses.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
SAITILLO ABANDONED
BY CAREANXA GARRISON

Laredo, Tex. Jan. 6-Saltillo, Mex
leo, virtually has been abandoned ac-
cording to several hundred refugees
who arrived today at Nuevo Laredo,
the Mexican town across the border
from here. The Carranza garrison at
Saltllo has left for Hipolite. where
CaTranza troops are said to be con-
centrating against an expected at
tack from Villa forces.
The refugees arriving at Nuevo
Laredo were of the Weather class,
among them being the family of Gem
eral Luis Gutierrez, Saltillo garrison
commander They said the poorer
classes left on foot and in vehicles.
Tales of food shortage and Of des-
titution among the majority of inhab-
itants OF both Monterey and salttllo
were brought 10y today's refugees who
filed a train of eight ears.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
SAGE TEA KEEPS
YOUR HAIR DARK
--t-..
When Mixed With Sulphur It
Brings Back Its LuStre
and Abundance,

cray hair. however handsome. de-
notes advancing age We an Know
the ADVANTAGES Uf q Auuthtnl appear
anec Your hair Is your charm 1t
makos or mars tho face. When Il fades,
turns gfHt~ Hnd looks dry, Wispy and
aoraEglY iHat few Applications 81
Fagl rea 9hd sulphur enhances its np-
poHfnHCf hundred fold
Don't stay gray Lpuk AnhnE
Either pIepafe lhf tonlt n hume oF
Ret from anV dlug store lercNnl bot-
ue hi Nhrihs $3.50 aua Sulphur
emp0HnN fh0uHanda ~ fplka ffe'
Commend ihis reHat fa.Hee preparation.
maU HfkfHH iiH N#Il iHauH
IMtN HN ffHn daHHtuN siQff
40 4lh'nH Hnl WUNH bon go .Nfs
Na aNH va fNH As a#fheH
~ HAiHfalH a HfHlE ANp WN's
iaH peHAe n brush $500 4
MiAs ii iAlN4H lfN haN NHlHf
N a uH Nf #el
IH Hf m NN iIa4
$50 ~
Az A fF
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
VILLA OFFERS AMNESTY
TO FORMER EEDlIiAiS

Washington. Jan. American
Consul SilHman at Mexico city adNis-
ed the state department today that
the Gutierrez villa .Zapata convention
in Mexico city had decided 10 admit
civilians as representatives Of milf
tary chiefs or governors Of states.
Mr. Siliman also reported that
General villa had made an offer of
amnesty 10 am former federals with
the exception af those directly impii-
Gated IN the overthrow Of Madcro
villa invited chose who would re-
oeNo the hcneflts III the amnesty to
Join the present goyernmeni ia an
enAeaKnr 90 establish peacf and of-
Der throughout ihe country
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
VILLA BEATEN
BY FORCE LESS
THAN HIS. OWN
News From Carranza Sources
Tells of Alleged Defeat Of
Peon General First in His
Meteoric Career.

icy MORNING JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASED wIRGl
Eagle Pass. Tex, Jan. 6.-Cien.
Francisco Villa was in command Of
the force which Gen. Antonio l. Villa
real and Maclovio Herrera defeated
yesterday at Marie, between Saltiilo
and Torreon. it was reported tonight
and it was the first severe defeat Of
Villas meteoric career
Dispatches received tonight at
Piedras Negras, the Mexican town
across o. border from here. an
nouncing Villas defeat, said his 90
goo troops We're in full retreat toward
Torreon with heavy losses. 1t was de-
elared the Carranza troops numbered
only 1000.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
AMERICAN NOTE is
APPROVED BY SWISS

!sf MORNING JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASED wiREl
Berne, Switzerland (via Paris, Jan
6, 11:55 p. m)-President Wilson's
note to Great Britain concerning de-
lays to American commerce has been
welcomed by the Swiss newspapers.
which In editorial comments. express
the opinion that he is acting in the
interests of all neutrals and especial
~ Switzerland. Hope is expressed that
the American executives action will
meet with the fullest success. 1t is as
serted that it is most important to
Switzerland that the American eX-
port trade be not restricted for Swift.
zerland depends on the United States
for the greater part Of her supplies
of wheat, corn, cotton, copper and
petroleum.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
PRESS MEN
WITH AUSTRIAN ARMY

Washington Ian, 1.-THE Austr0-
Hungarian embassy today gave out
the following statement.
"Tho minister for foreign affairs Of
Austria Hungary has notified the en-
bassY that the following Americans
are AZ the front with the Austro- Hun
parian armies,
George SchreIncr Thomos Hink-
ley. Ernest Wcstnydam, Miss Nellie
Bly, Thomas Dunn William shep-
pcrd and James Archibald.
ut was stated that the embassy
wished 10 dispol any impression that
"a single correspondent had been give
en- exclusive privileges
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
REGULATIONS To
GOVERN PLACING
Of WAR STAMPS

lHY HosHiAo JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASED WtFEl
Washington Jan Regulations
TO govern the placing OF stamps on
conveyances of real property in pay
ment of the war tax, were issued to-
night by Commissioner of Internal
Revenue Osborn The tax is so cents
on deeds that amount to over 500,
ana less than $500, with so cents ad-
ditional for each 5000 or fraction over
$500.
The regulations make it plain that
where the consideration Is nominal
the tax must be computed upon the
actual value of the property convey
ed. liens deducted and the executor
becomes liable for the penalties il the
proper amount Of stamps is not af-
fixed.
The commissioner announced that
while a register of deeds is not eX-
pected to investigate where he sus-
poets violation OF the law, he should
in such case notify the proper reve-
nue. collector \ valid claim deed is
not subject to the tax. nor are oil
leases and mining leases which con-
vey no title. Deeds to cover gifts in
a family or from an individual to a
are not taxable.
The internal revenue bureau also
issued further regulations affecting
the payment OF the war revenue
stamp tax on bills of ladiue. II an
nounced that although it is the duty
OF the shipper 10 pay the tax, the
carrier may pay and is Jointly re-
sponsible in case any such bin is not
stamped.
The law It was explained, does not
apply TO shipments by parcels post
street railways are subject TO the re-
when they accept goods
for transportation as a part of their
regular business.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
Ii,cslocL nnlcs r.lnhlI.hed.

Washington Jan G Freight rates
one livestock shipped from Arizona
points 10 California destinations We're
established by the Interstate Com
merec commission today 20 he effect
I've February 49, ON beef cattle the
rates ranged from sac ear for giO
miles To- S1a5 car Cor Loco miles.
Rates ON sheep ANA goats are approx
imately s3 per cent lower 10 these
rates may be- added not TO exceed
$500 a ear for branch line haul and
81 q ear for haul over two OF moro
tircs
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07

cleveland GAN iAWfs apNnRI
nf TOMBSTONE OHIO eho sept John
3 Mafhef lHHpa slHfe8 fel eMiee
aNlHitr hHfa.s HIute hlpfk haHa
iei0l ~ Hrpfm WILSON aemapoHF
#HH H WNUHh M flaoHad 81
HHi Ha NHas4 ~ t aVNH iai
lrHu lhf Ht tie
HeHH siWaH p tA AWaaaiaeN
Isu.E
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
CROWD HAS
MIRACULOUS ESCAPE

san Francisco, Jan q with one ex-
csplion every passenger IN crowded
elevator eleven in an. was injured
here today when the car plunsed from
lhe fourth floar into tho basement ~
The California paelnn ulding la the
d0Mn-ioeH business District
~ laf 49, could be learned meme
vas klllad fhoueh seferal " iho ~
lufnd afa likely 81 dIe There pefs
a9 A4men Ia lhe far
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07
DEMONSTRATION
At GAR|BALD|' s
FUNERAL SERVICE
Italians Shout Against Ger
many and Austria and Cry
Long Live. FranceI' Long
Live BeIgiuml'

ICY MORNING JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASED WlfEl
Rome, jan $3.50 p. m.)-News Of
the death of Chief Adjutant Constan-
tine Garibaldi, a grandson of the Ia
nous Italian soldier, during charge
against the Germans in the Argonne,
was received here today at the same
time that the body of Lieut.. Bruno
Garibaldi, his brother, who was killed
In the Argonne, December 80, was
brought here today by two of the five
brothers who enlisted in the French
army The news deeply stirred the
crowd which had gathered.
In the assemblage were the sur
vivors of the Garibaldian campaigns,
clad in red shirts, as well as many
veterans OF other Italian wars and
large representations of the English,
French and Greek colonies in Rome.
Demonstration at Funeral.
The body of Bruno Garibaldi was
laid in the hall of the railroad station
and later was removed to cemetery,
accompanied by a large procession in
which were the French ambassador,
the Greek minister and the members
of the municipal government.
The ceremonies were made the oc-
casion of a demonstration in favor of
England and France by the Garibaldi
partisans.
The throng at the railway station
was deeply moved when Roma CAL
baldi a sister. arrived and embraced
her brothers. who wore French uni
forms. She then threw herself upon
the coffin of her dead brother, which
was wrapped in Italian, French and
Greek flags.
Flowers Thrown on Casket.
II is estimated that at least three
hundred thousand persons took part
in the funeral, among them the
French British and Russian ambassa-
doris and the Servian. Belgian and
Montenegrin ministers. From win
dows flowers were showered down
upon the casket as it was taken
through the streets with cries of
Long live Garibaldi!" Long live
France" and Long live Belgium
These shouts were intermingied
with cries of Down with Germany"
and Down with Austria!" The po-
lice endeavored to repress the fore
most of the demonstrators and
scuffle ensued. The demonstrators
sang the Garibaldi hymn and the Mar
seillaise while Garibaldian veterans
waved their flag, The police seized
the flag. but the demonstrators later
succeeded in recapturing it. Several
arrests were made.
Father TO Go to France.
Rieciotti Garibaldi. his wife and his
two sons. the latter still wearing
French uniforms, received the body
at the cemetery where a few appre-
clative speeches were delivered at the
gravesde before the body was in
tered.
The elder Garibaldi said that two
of his sons already had fallen in
France and that he, in a few days,
would be the third to fall on that land
which before dying he desired to kiss.
He said he would keep his sons. Sante
and Ezoio. in Italy for a few days to
comfort their mother and even per-
haps afterward. as their place no
longer was in Argonne or under the
French flag. lie added that his sons
could hardly resign themselves to a
war in the trenches for 1.-THE Carl
haldians like to handle the bayonet'
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1915-01-07

borough whitby and the Hartle-
pools during the recent German ma
val raid on the east coast, and said
that no military advantage can he
gained by these wanton attacks"
Tho householders' canvass thus far
resulted IN the registration of 2lS,000
men who are willing to serve if called
upon. tho war secretary said lie con-
tinued.
German Advantage Diminishes.
The great advantages with Ger
many enjoyed by reason of her SUI
lperiority Of numbers and extensive
war preparations have certainly di-
mInishcd, while the allies daily are
increasing their resources in such a
way as 10 enable them to prosecute
the war to a Triumphant end. The
anticipated decrease In the number
Of recruits during Christmas week
has given place to an increase which
has almost restored the weekly re-
turns to their former satisfactory lev
el / am glad to say that we have M
ed up the officers grades Of the eX-
peditionary force and that there is Il
considerable surplus Of training Of
ncers to draw from Since the war
began 29,100 officers have been APP
pointed TO the army Sir John
Frenchs forces have been increased
by territorial units and new divi-
sion, attached to these, is fine Ca
madam regiment
In the early stages of the war con
siderable difficulties were experience
ed ana anxiety was felt owing TO the
dearth Of officers. I am glad to say
that we have now been able to I'll up
the places.
"Vigilant attention on the part of
the war office staff has served to
cope with and gradually overcome
difficulty Of securing supplies ana
equipment for those neW forces to
whose future activities we look for
ward to with all confidence.
Training OF Canadians.
"The training of the Canadian con-
tingent of the new armies has been
carried on under the worst weather
conditions. but in spite of this a great
deal Of extremely good work has been
done during the last months. Discom-
forts and hardships due to the storm
and mud have been cheerfuly met,
and both officers and men are inn
bucd with one common thought-pre-
pairing themselves as thoroughly and
rapidly as possible 20 take part in
the field where ! am sure, they will
support their comrades in
arms.
"Our troops in the field have been
subjected to hardshps inseparable
from a winter campaign, but by a
system Of relief the severe strain
which the men have undergone in
the trenches has been minimized. Our
soldiers, needless to say. have ex-
hibited constant cheerfulness and re-
sourcefulness which has redounded
to their credit.