davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-04-15
CITY CHAT


(AGTrrffsErFuts-
Bay a hone % HsidY Bros
For express. can Wfiiiam Trsfz
IrtCisy Towei Supply company.
Irdepsaa as Exgssss & storage
81 ssh
wszr s. fsrfas uadel hat Meas
FssAl5n s<op. Harper house block
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-04-15
TunrrsI ID charIe. Iehn.en.

Fsr~rai services for Charirs John
500 wer- held ~ q o'eiock Wednesday
sf5~ruocn Co the Dsnieison a FurEie
chapel. Moline. The Rev. a =. Berg
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-04-15

The funeral Of Frank Burger was
held last night az : O'Clock at EnoN's
chapel. Rev. r. J. Rolf officiating. This
morning the remains were sent 70
Bcardstown where burial was made in
Bcardgtown cemetery.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-04-15

Efrom OBLIGATED Bearers were Oscar
Lindquist. Hugo Anderson. George
King. Bert Peal. Oscar r. johnson and
Albert johnson. Burial Vas "a River
side cemetery.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-04-15

Funeral services for Airs Esther
Barton were held az $3.50 Tuesday aft
.ruouu in the Euoy Chapel Moline.
The Rev. o. S. Nancy oMrIated Bur
GAG was iu Riverside cemetery.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-04-15
The Opportunily Of q Lifetime 10 Yisf California

The great Panama Expeditions at San Francisco and
San Diego. California. and the attendance
has any exposition for the length Of
tmc
Rock Island Lines have established remarkably low
daily Nov so. only s5s25 for round trip
from Gand-providiug the best opportunity that can
Afforded the American pgbhc view thc wonders
Of the Golden West
You al a Rock Island Scenic Circle Tour; the
Colorado Rockies Pike Peak. Rocky Mountain Ma
Park salt Lake beautiful California. che Pacific
Coast. both sxpOstions the Historic and cnehant-
Southwest.
Choice % "Gotaeu Safe Ltrited' Rocky NJ ouHtain
Ltm4teds C1agoErfau' Colorado California Express
ard Automatic Block Signals FiHess
basdsru Steel Equipr sat-SupeFb Dining Car Ser
wee.
plan wonderful and economical outing you
cstisarsia sad her WOaasr
UilllkM %
AHEIIlIA tsk h;srsfsrs Caller
- rspesHisas-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-04-15
ONE ARREST FOR
HAMPTON MURDER
Oliver Waited Taken In Moline After
ne Had Attempted e. Pawn
shot Gun.
CHARGE DISoKDEELT CoNDrCT
Authorities Hun Down Many Clues and
Are Prepared 90 Be<in
Inquest Tomorrow.


The Noiinc police yesterday after
noon arrested oliver Whitfield tn a
house 81 IL Railroad avenue. Moline.
. in connection with the Edward Zcrbe
murder ease Whitfield tried 90 pawn
o f--zauEc shotgun wifh one az tho
second hand dealers. who reported tho
case fo the police. Whiftcd was taken
on disoFdcriy charge and will be
held pendius tne hearing tomorrow.
Aira. Ada Aurard. who was arrested
iu connection with the Mendoza shop
itfuuE caser- operates the rnomiuE
house where Wnitfei was arrested A.
thr time the gang was working she
assisted Nieuduza Ca escaping from the
Weirr1it store iu Moline.
Tire police have q number 81 other
suspects undcr observation. and have
extended their activities beyond the
i-ciucs. tt vas learned that the gun
did not belong 90 Whitfield and. az far
ss can b~ learned. the owner o. the
weapon has not been located
rhe Shot found in Zcrbc's head are
large. probably BIS. showing that the
murder vas prrmcditatef such
heavy shot are uuiy used iu parts Of
The country where biz game o. found.
and seldom iu this vicinity. \ careful
search OF the Auraud home revealed
90 shells. and none vas found Dol the
gun.
q rarfrr uf amateur a'egthr work
.rs .r and around East Hoilas have
started many rlm1rs. some ~ 1u alb
alrt nature one lH that frrhF may
have been sent hero tr q private de-
saerft~ agency '1 Investigate ftr PEE
fr1TF murder ease
saw Wan with Cuu.
uar.as IrvestiFaflou in tHr case veE-
rer.aH afternoon. the autHur.f.rF learn
rf fErt man vac seen iesslus crT-
fslr EaeFH.re E1.sr .u EaFf Moline.
rHr night .1F murder vss committed.
alfs o. rHHF sun. carrying tHr stick .n
ore hand arE fEr barrel .r tEr other.
L-ee vas saus sltl q shot sun near
Waf-rfnsr urrIav night. Trr police
refined fH state whether tEr Hrsrrip-
'Her af WHffri or rrf.
The police secured Hr accurate lr- .
rraHr OF r.r man seen leaving iar
Hasrl.rz hHrre ellh tf~ sun ard .t o. .
believed chat Hr taa been taken into
"a tH.H a..ar. N COZ ".". p ."."
1rees ore being .thh~ii. drove gfouE .
poo same rpat rrsFererI by che Errbe .
machine tait Erur before ttr deed .
raa r~Hesrf fu have been committed. .
.rr tme being about $3.50. They rav .
H-r mao hiding behind tree aut ar- .
lrf-r vaisIrz slowly up che road. The .
latter stepped back Co Dec fFs HlEEs
saes. No eae 60 dark chat flFT were
unable r1 Esr deception o. fhr tEa
neH and voai1 o. unable i1 identify
rfm-
HAD ssn when Killed
when Lert- frsf came tu East $40
Doe ESQ rerer asa from Milwaukee
boz .s sruasu for sate 1856. 5000 uf sh.eh
BEL 1orr1seI .r Milwaukee fLe balance
constitutions Bits saving lie evidently
lad cash Cor fb~ auto when hr bought
1 fr operate .f as lIfhus Monday be-
81 known tn have raI SEQ iu his peck I
.ss tut wheu fhe h1IF sas discovered
mis- cents remained 90 o.. believed
DO auttur.firs have run down aii
AVAILABLE clues and tho inquest viii 4
81 opened az 10 o'clock tomorrow az
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-27
ALASKAN REINDEER MEAT
COMING To- L. = MARKETS.
introduced on Dining Cars of Rail
roads. IL Meets With Instant
Favor
W aShington Star.

w NdSHlHS ton star.
Active efforts 10 establish Il new and
proflta bic industry among the Eskimo
natives of Alaska through the expor-
tation of reindeer meat are being made
by the bureau Of education. with the
cordial support of Secretary Lane OF
the Interior Department.
Until within the last few months no
special endeavor had been made 70 in
duce the expectation from Alaska of
reindeer meat. because substantially
the entire available supply was needed
for local consumption. Rapid increase
ia the reindeer herds, particularly
| during the last two years. now war
| rants the supervisory officials lu
sanctloninS the expectation To contin-
| entail United States of a considerah bic
surplus Of both meat and hides. 70 the
distinct profit of the natives.
| The meat Of the reindeer. which or-
dinariIy has been regarded as a draft
animal. is Of excellent quality and pos
sesses a flavor as fine almost as that
of vension, it is said. In the market II
is sold a meat delicacy. Last
autumn. just before the close IF navi-
Igation at Nome, Alaska a steamer car
ried twenty-five carcasses Of reindeer
to Seattle, where retail prices ranging
from 20 cents to 50 cents 4 pound
readily were obtained for them
The chief of the Alaska division 0f
| me bureau OF eUuC9IlOn DFDuSnI 10 the
United States three reindeer carcasScS,
which We're distributed among the
dining car departments Of i've trans
contir entail railways, III order that the
, meat might be given a trial by rail
road passengers. 1t met with instant
favor. This modest introduction is ex-
> pected TO result this year in the max
6 ing by railroads Of contracts with the
= Alaskan natives for the delivery OF
: reindeer meat in sea son.
q Soon after the inception of the rein
deer sldustry Laplanders expert in the
9 handling of the animals were pro
n cured by the Interior Department tc
instruct the Alaskan ESkimOs in the
q | care and management Of the rein.
= deer. each of the Lapps receiving
9 | specified number of the animals ii
= payment for his services. The resul
n has been a marvellous increase ii
c numbers. Now there are siXty-fiv'
y known herds of reindeer in Alaska
6 aggregating 57,S72, an increase Of 2
q per cent in the last year. The native
+ own 37,82S; the government, Ais
~ various missions, 1924. and tn
J., Lapps, 10, ,0O7. From the sale Of mea
= and hides the $50 natives owners las
year received an income of S77,q34
~ It is expected that that income will b
~ increased materially this year
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-27

erican navy has shown the world how
10 dive Under instructions from The
supervisor. DreIlfShak fioatsd up
from the so-foot rnng 10 the -o-foot
stop and rested 4 minutes. at the So
foot rung minutes. so fee. min
utes, 10 feet minutes 50 feet
when he got u theT>sos 6 8
minutes. - feet 10 minutes and
when he got to the ie-foot rnrg
where We could SEC him like 4 green
hob goblin. swaying almost under the
keel OF the ship, StillSon made him
stay there for 3 minutes ii seemed
10 Us like an eternity. Aitor~t her n
spent / hour and - minutes u come
up a distance he had only taken
minutes To 60 down.
The result was that diver
Drefllshak came on deck a. ri ss he
had left IL Not a pain nor an ache.
not symptom nor a sign II the
dreaded bends He was a. normal
as II he had been down in the engine
| room Surgeon French lth. same
naval doctor who is with the boys At
| Honoiufu) anxloasly felt Drelhshak' =
| pulse. Then he Srlnned II was no
| case for doctor And that's how
| the United States navy nailed the
| peanant for deep-sea diving to the
| mast.
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-27
NOT MERE HAUSFRAUS.
German Women As Progressive As
Those of England.
=. Evening Sun.


A recent American visitor 10 the
Fatherland found herself compelled
to relinquish the traditional idea Of
the German hausfrau as one whose
territory is bounded on the north by
the kitchen sink on the south BY the
oven door, on the east by the lard
pail and on the west by the chimney
sweep.
She found that a German woman's
skill as a cook is merely a result OF
the thoroughness she applies to
everything she undertakes, and that
although she can make noodle soup,
she is better posted on America than
the Average American >s about Ger
many She found. in fact. that as a
hostess, discussing books and music
and current events, the German wo
many is a distinct contrast to many
an American house wife who. presid-
ing over fricasSed chicken. keeps the
table talk lowering about the fowl
from its death to the present
Mrs. F,mmeline PankhGrst' s state
ment that a Germany victory would
| be disastrous for ferniniSm has
| aroused much comment
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-27
Fore

Guff-What does Simpson do for
recreation9 | never see MIN sporting
anywhere.
Tuff-Why, | guess he goes in for a
little Chatauqua golf.
Guff-Never heard Of it.
Tuf-He plays croquet.-Judge.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01
CURIOSITY BARS PANIC
Ferryboat Passengers Forget
Danger to See Tug Sink.

When the ferryboat Pierrepont Of
the Union Ferry Company crawled out
of her slip at the foot Of Hamilton
Avenue, Brooklyn, yesterday afternoon
at | O'Clock with seventy-fve pssscn-
gers on board, she ran into the tug
boat Edwin J. Murray Of the Murray
transportation Company, II South
Street. Manhattan The impact threw
many women and children TO the decks
OF the ferryboat and there was excite
ment until the passengers learned the
tugboat was sinking. They forgot
their own danger then and fiocked to
the rails TO see Captain George Della
mater and his crew Of four men leap
from the tug onto a barge they had
in tow.
The tug then drifted into the ferry
slip, foulcd a group Of piles and
sank in fifteen minutes. The accident
was caused by the tide, which caught
the tug OF her way upstream and car
ried her directly into the course o.,
the feIryboat.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01
BILLINGS DIPL0MACYFAllS
All Workers Quit When He
Tries to Reconcile Rivals.

Everybody quit This was the re-
suit of the attempts by c. X. G. Bill
lings, of New York. to settle a SQUAD
BILE between two sets of members IN
rival labor organizations working on
his new country place at Glen Cove,
Long Island. Mr.. Billings wanted to
occupy his house, which will be one Of
the finest on the North Shore, carly
this summer, and work was being
rushed. but now
Well. the trouble started over some
tile workers. American Federation
men wouldn't work with Amalgamated
men, after the walking delegates had
buzzed about. To keep things going,
Billings agreed to fire the objection
able tile workers. They appealed from
this. and he threw up the sponge and
told the rivals to fight it out between
themselves. Then everybody quit.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01
UNDER KNIFE 18TH TIME
Fractured Skull Now Brings
Woman to Hospital.

Mrs. Caroline Smith. wife Of FREQ
crick Smith, florist of Bell Avenue.
Baysido, underwent her twelfth opera
ton yesterday at st. Lukc's Hospital.
this city. The other eleven opera
lions. which were for various ailments,
proved successful. Yesterdays opef-
atior was for fractured skull.
Mrs. Smith sustained the fracture on
Monday While walking 10 the side
walk from her store she was struck by
n bicycle ridden by Hazel Anderson.
twelve years old, daughter of Herman
Anderson. builder Of Bayside, and
chief Of the local volunteer fire de
partment. Mrs. Smiths head struck
the wheel of truck.
Surgeons NJ St. Luke's Hospital hold
out hopes for her recovery.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01

lier that a new committee Of the board
was needed, and suggested also an ad-
visory committee, TO be made up OF q
representative from each community
centre.
DR.. Henry N. Leipziger, director OF
public lectures, urged that principals
Of public schools should be the most
active workers for civic and social de-
yelopment in their communities.
Charles Bernheimer, or the Hebrew
Educational Alliance in Brooklyn, re-
piled TO DR.. Leipzigcr that personality
a an important factor in working with
communities.
"SchooI men," nc said. "are often IN
fitted for such work by habits OF OFF,
cal domination
The New York social centre commit
tee will hold a public conference on
the problem of community centre work
in school buildings at the Washington
Irving High School, Irving Place ana
Sivt.enth Street, on Tuesday after
noon. April s, at 4:30 o'clock. Commis-
sioner Louis II. PINK presiding. Among
tho sneakers will De Mayor Mitchell:
President Churchill Of the Board OF
Education, DR.. William II. Maxweii
end John Collier, Of the Peoples IN
stitute. ,, h.. ,bese
prominent speakers, there VIII De De
stereopticon and motion. pictures o.
community centre WORK IN view CO ,o-
CITY and music by the Beethoven 9yh,
phony Orchestra, ar organization "hich
has developed remarkably through COM
munity centre work.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01
RECREATION PLANS
CALLED INADEQUATE
Deficiencies Pointed Out
by Peoples Institute.
Leader.
BY HENRIETTA RODMAN.

The special committee of the Board
OF Education on recreation and com
munity centres held public hearing
yesterday afternoon in the board room,
at 800 Park Avenue. Louis Heaton
Pink, chairman of the committee, pre-
sided.
John Collier. OF the Peoples Insti-
tute, was the first speaker and showed
tho inadequacy OF the present system.
"All the recreation and community
centres together" he said, "do not
reach $4,000 people day the year
around. New York is a city Of $780,
600 people.
"If. as has been stated. the recrea-
ton centres are the only means for
saving people from prison, fear the
youth of New York is doomed.
ave must face also the fact that il
tho recreation centres. Offered
throughout by paid employees of the
board, were increased in number until
they reached, say, 100000 children, they
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01

Mr.. W. V. Trevoy, of the Brooklyn
Peoples Institute, agreed with Mr.. Col.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01

gold mesh bag, she was sure, was under
her mattress at the time. She did not
count the money after she left the stu
do, she said, although it had never
left her.
With the girl she visited the Alps
restaurant and Hickson's. Here Mrs.
Nolker mad d fitting. and left her mesh
bag near her in the room. Later the
two went TO Dreicer's, where the com
plainant looked at some earrings for
half an hour, keeping the purse in her
hand all the time.
Money Disappears.
Then they walked up Fifth Avenue
and to the hairdressing parlor at 9O1
Seventh Avenue. where she discovered
later that her purse was gone. She
could not remember whether she had
stopped az her apartment first or not.
81 had ten 200 bills, all of them
new" she said; "a $40 check drawn by
Mr.. Burke, another check for $25, some
small bills, a mirror and other Access
series. We went into the hairdresser's
and each entered booth.
"She was finished first, and she came
over and said, Give me some money
and I'll pay | took a S. bill out of
my bag. She brought me back 1925. |
said. Where is the other quarter" and
she replied that she had given it as q
tip. told her that 10 cents was
enough.
Then / had my bag just before me
and the girl sat on the arm of my chair
and kissed me. Later, after ] had put
IL on a manicure table. discovered the
money was gone. Where is IL? |
asked her, but she just said. OH She
went to the front OF the store and
handed me the bag. | opened il, went
over my things and saw that the $1,000
was gone. asked here where it was,
and she became nervous and cried, and
wanted to phone to her mother. Then
the girls hunted all over for the purse.
All of them were searched, and so was
|, but Baby Miss Marlowej wasn't.
Then the detectives came"
Mrs. Nolker said the girl asked, IF
that moneys gone. will have to go TO
jail" and she told the girl: 81 feel
this loss, but the matter is out of my
hands love you. and if you have the
money give il 10 me and I'll say found
it in my pocket"
The trial will be resumed this after
noon, when some of the many witnesses
who were present yesterday viii tell
their stories.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01
Reds Counsel JuggleS
Explosive to Prove 1t
Wasn't Dangerous.
DETECTIVE STAGES
CATHEDRAL OUTRAGE
AbarnO Wanted TO Blow Up Big
Banks, Too. Police Cap
tain TeStifieS.

There were a few exciting minutes at
he trial of Frank Abarno and Carmine
Carbone, the anarchist bomb throwers,
yesterday afternoon, when William G..
Keir, one Of their lawyers, fourisl--d q
bottle OF high explosive. 1t was a
ample OF the mixture which Inspector
owen Eagsn had found in the bomb
which Abarno placed in st. Patrick's
Cathedral on March ,.
David +. Rolkey, city chemist, had
just testified that he found the powder
in the bomb to have as high an ex-
,losive force as black eunpOwdcr.
MIR. Chemist said Mr.. Kerr, grab
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01

would cos, rot less than s1,OOo,Ooo a
year. -.
Ear from securing an increase OF
funds. the recreation centre budget
has been cut 80 per cent by the board
Of Estimate
"The aue1tion, then. is whether we
wish TO reach very few people by the
old method Of the city paying all
the costs or whether we shall accept
the community centre idea. OF the pup
lie schools as neighborhood clubhouses,
under the control Of the Board OF Ed
ucAtion. but largely self-goyerning ana
seif-supporting. -.
.If we wish TO afford opportunities
for wholesome and educational recre-
alton TO the great mass Of the people
we must accept the necessity tor AZ
least partial self-support. Our PROB
leTa, therefore, is how We shall Drln8
about the change from the costly au-
tocracy Of the present method, IN whlcn
each group of people is controlled Dy
paid employe Of the beard, TO demo-
cratic system of self-governing groups,
subject only TO supervision.
ave recommend the establishment OF
a new standing committee of the Board
of Education. The present control By
three committee hampers all activity.
as has been reported by workers Of
both groups.
1--WE believe that a director Of COM
munity centres should be appointed
who, with a staff of social workers,
would stimulate, develop and organize
social and civic activities in each COM
munity, providing for their expression
in the school as the community centre"
Mr.. W. V. Trevoy, of the Brooklyn
Peoples Institute, agreed with Mr.. Col
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01

Court Yesterday afternoon. Manicure
girls. curiosity seekers, and just plain
witnesses-a host of the latter all
crowded into the little court room,
where fifteen-year-o Albertine Mar
lowe, of 204 West Fifty-ffth Street,
whom Mrs. Nolker accuses Of steal
ing the 81 900, was being tried before
Judge Mayo.
What happened to the gold mesh bag
last week, as told by Mrs. Nolker who
lives at 81 West Fifty-seventh Street,
took I'D most of the session. She said
the girl took the bills when the two
were in a hair dressing parlor.
Even for the few minutes that Burfe
was on tho stand, Mrs. Nolker felt
called upon to prompt him every now
and then. More than once her sttor-
ney. Isidor j. Kresel. had to remon-
strate with his "impetuous client as
he called her. And more than once the
court had to request her to keep
quiet"
Scream Back at Him
Burke's brief testimony, however,
brought out the fact that when the
bills were counted Friday evening
there were eleven of them. The COM
plainant had previously said there were
only ten.
Mrs. Nolker wore long plush coat,
with skunk collar and cuffs. Ere
quently she rested her head upon
white gloved hand. At times she ap-
peared bored by the proceedings, but
at other periods she would burst forth
at James A. Turley, who was conduct
ing the REORGANIZATION.
ale feels he's in the right, and so
do l." she almost shouted, land If he
screams at me, Pm going TO scream
back at him"
The young defendant. on the other
hand, was extremely quiet. Occasion
ally she smiled at the answers Mrs.
Nolker gave to questions she had
urged her lawyers to ask.
Mrs. Nolker said she met the girl in
Paris, in 1918. She looked upon AL
berthe as a protege, although she said
she doubted the iifteen-year-old girls
chiefly because "she had
too much wisdom for her age" Despite
that, she continued to love her. Alder
tine even shared her wardrobe.
After telling how her money had
been counted while she and some
friends called at Edmund Burke's stu
do i'm the Wellington, Mrs. Nolker said
that Albertine came TO her apartment
at $3.50 last Saturday morning. The
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01
How $1,000 Flew from Mesh Bag
Is Question Put to Marlowe Girl

We're there ten or eleven bank notes
in Mrs. Robert Nolkers gold mesh bag
last Friday and Saturday? And what
was their denomination Were there
ten SlOOs. as she said, or nine sl00's
and two S5O's, as Edmund Burke, an
operate singer, testified?
These three questions puzzled the
many spectators at the Children's
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-01
Captain Tunney Tells of Arrest.

Captain Thomas J. Tunney. of the I'd
Detective Bureau. in charge of the
anarchist and /. ". ". squadron, was
called to give his story Of the events
leading up to Abarno and CarbOne's
dramatic arrest. He told of leaving
headquarters in an automobile at $3.50
O'Clock and being present in the Cathe-
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1915-10-27
SERVIANS DEFEAT THE
ARMIES o.: BULGARIA

London, Oct. 25.-While the Aus
tro-German and Bulgarian campaign
in northern and eastern Serbia are
being carried out according to the
plan, despite fierce Serbian resist
ance and the Bulgars who crossed
the Timok and hold the town Of Pra-
hovo are separated from the Germans
who crossed the Danube near Orsova
by only a few miles in the south,
things are not going well for the in
vaders in the latter region. The
French troops have Joined with the
Serbs and, according to French ac-
counts, have inflicted a severe de-
feat on the Bulgarians at Krivolak,
forty miles north Of the point where
the Saloniki-Nish railway crosses the
Serbo-Greek frontier.
This success places the Bulgari-
ans who reached Istip, Veles and
Uskup in rather an awkward posi-
ton, for further advance of the AL
lied army would seriously threaten
their flank. In fact, unofficial reports
state that the advance of the French,
who are being closely followed by the
British, has already caused the re-
tirement of the Bulgars toward Stru-
mitsa.