davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
AN ANCIENT CITY.

The National Geographic Society,
in statement concerning the geog-
raphy of the European war says:
"Archangel the oldest port of the
Russian Empire, in a few weeks more
will awaken to vitar war Importance;
for, when the arctic ice clears from
the White Sea, Russia will be able to
communicate with her allies through
a free western port and to receive
much needed war supplies and other
manufactures over a route thousands
of miles shorter than that via Vladi.
vostock. Arcnangel is situated at
the head of the Dvina delta, as far
north as the northernmost shores of
Hudson Bay. 1t is the largest and
most important city in the world
placed so near the Arctic Circle.
The harbor of ArChangel is OPP
timistically said to be open from May
to October. However. it is only en-
tirely free from ice during the months
of July and August, although, in the
average year, it is free for navigating
purposes for a period some weeks
longer. The city lies on the Dvina
River, 26 miles from the White Sea.
1t is 740 miles northeast of st. Peters.
burg, and is connected with the dis
tributing centerS of the interior by
railway and canal.
Not only is Archangel interesting
as a city in the extreme Far North,
but it is still more interesting as one
of the most ancient cities built upon
the fringe of eternal arctic whiteness.
Before the year 900, the N0rsemen
came here and traded. They laid
the foundations of the present city,
a city that has grown slowly but al
most without halt, preserved in peace
by its isolated position in the North.
The city has achieved, its present-day
Importance as an outlet for the pro-
ducts of the far northern and western
parts of the Russian Empire.
During it's short season for navi-
cation, Archangel is the busiest point
in all the North. Between 500 and
900 vessels call here through the
brief season. The total value of i'm
ports and exports OF Archangel
amounts to about S5OOO,O0O, and, this
year under war conditions, should
amount to much more. The chief
articles of traffic in peace times arc
fish, skins, furs, timber wax, iron,
tallOw, bristles and caviar"
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22

dimes, ami Strassburg rate de foie
sras are articles standing alone am
ong their several kinds-special lux
iuries that Fate dispenses only to her
faVoritos. The butter of Denmark has
been famous around the world, and
heretofore 1t sold everywhere that PEG
| pie We're TO be found with wealth
enough to develop special tastes. The
war has largely interlcred with this
Irfch industry.
"benmaTk's butter brought the high
Test price in fancy markets, and it was
considered superior to that of any
other nation. Il was used by the ep-
Iicures in North and South America,
South Africa, in the East and West
Indies, in Egypt, India and through
out Europe. Good Danish butted sold
at $l.00 pound, in tins of one, two
and three pounds. Cows in other lands
seem just as sleek and the grass
grows elsewhere just as .succulent.
! but despite these general advantages,
no other country has been able to
make butter that will stand the
changes of climate so we'll, or that
tastes so crisp and sweet.
'Dairymen in Holland, Sweden and
Siberia have done their utmost to
produce butter that could vie with
the make of the Danes without sue
cess. The best buffers of these Coup-
| tries are worth less than half as
much. Scientific dairy operators in
| Germany also failed to duplicate it,.
| Even from the milk of the COWS of the
| United States, animals favored be-
yond most others, 1t has been found
impossible to produce a grade OF but
ter that can compete with the Danish
article
Danish butter is proof against all
climate. Butter when shipped through
the hot zones, melts and remains in a
! liquid state as long as, it is exposed to
! the tropic heat. Danish butter goes
! through this test, melts with the heat
and haTdens with the cold, and still re
tains the wholesome sweetness of its
favor. while other butter loses its
sweetness and flavor under these
changes. e -
The Danes do not explain the SUI
Iperiority of their product. They assert
that there is no secret in their process
of butter manufacture, but, ,neverthe-
less, they are .reticent about taking
strangers through their great pack
ing establishments. The Danish COM
mission houses buy the butter which
they pack from small fairies all over
the country, some of their material
coming from as far away as Finland.
This raw butter, SO they speak, is TAX
en- and mixed carefully at their cen
trail packing stations and is worked
over to fren it from every particle of
milk. The packers insist that The raw
butter which they buy must be pre-
pared only from sterilized milk and
cream, and that it must be prepared
in scientifically, clean surroundings.
After these packers have re-work-
cd the butter, they color it uniformly
with the juice OF the ordinary garden
beet. AMI pack it in Theoretically seal
ell tins. They maintain that they use
no preservatives or chemicals What3o-
ever. Nevertheless, their butter has
consistently held the advantage, and,
until the wars outbreak, it formed the
basis of one of Denmark most thrNA
ing and widest known articles cs CX-
port" a.a ar.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22

Il n 4
fore, the remaining ~ per cent
shipped from the Lehigh and Wyom-
ing regions must represent over 5000
more miles Of these underground
ways.
The greater part of this large un.
derground mileage is now useless All
the coal that can be recovered has
been taken from il long ago, but the
constantly growing tunnels remain an
increasing expense. The water that
accumulates in them must be pumped
out to protect adjacent workings and
air must be supplied to many miles
of Improbable gangway to prevent
the formation of gases. In addition
to this hundreds of thousands of
dollars have been spent in hydraulick-
ing refuses back into the mines in
order to protect the surface and make
the recovery of little more coal pos
sible. One of the most serious prob
lens of the anthracite coal operators
has been the timbering of the mines.
The Pennsylvania hills have been de-
nuded of trees, and most of the tim
Der now used is yellow pine from the
South. Over $4,000 900 a year is now
spent by the operators for mine tim
bers and lumber It is impossible to
estimate how many miles of gangway
are added annually to this total, but
the great initial expense of opening
a colliery is shown by the investment
of over 100000 by one of the large
companies and the digging of eight
miles of tunnel before, a pound of
coal has been taken out.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
SOME DEALS IN DIRT
Record in Recent Real Estate Deals
in Mahaska County.

II. A. Brubaker, sgl, to Thomas and
Gertrude e. Richie. lot B of S Of
u S so acres NV fri u sec 1S-74-14
cons. $4,000.
Francelia Hopes and husband to
John Kramer, E15 lot 80 Houtz sec,
ond add Oskaloosa-$1,325.
Art Flanders and wife to Charles
ID. Mattix and wife, lot 5 of S. ID. OF
Gov. Lot 7 and 10 acres off entire
west side of said Gov. Lot and
equal u of Gov. Lot 6 off entire south
end, all in 6-74-16+-$3,540. '
Geo. S. Haiben and wife to Peter
Hasseiman ct al, Lot 3, Blk 4, Marks
Second Ad. Oskaloosa- $50.
C. d. Williamson and wife to j.. E.
Fleener, NJ Lot 2 and PIT Lot / Blk
4 Streets Add Oskaloosa-S1.O0
J. c. Hoffman sole referee to Ora
ham Andre, VIZ NE and NV Sc and
Sc NV Fec. 2.77-16-$24,000.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
THE MINING OF ANTHRACITE.

There are said TO be 1000 miles OF
underground tunnels In the anthracite
mines of Pennsylvania. In a recent
report of the department Of mines it
was stated that the Philadelphia Il
Reading Coal and Iron Company has
more than 500 miles of timbered
gangways and drifts, and there is a
total OF 1000 miles OF these under
ground ways In tho Schuylkill region
alone.
Anthracite Statistics show that the
proportion OF coal shipped from the
Schuylkill region since production has
reached anything like its present pro.
portions has been about % per cent
Of the whole amount shipped. There
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
THE DECLINE OF THE STILL.

Kentucky, Pennsylvania and Mary
land, three of the oldest and largest
producers of whiskey, report an ex'
ceeding decline in the product of the
still. Opinions differ as to the reas.
on. Some say the American appetite
for whiskey is growing less, and that
agitation and education are making its
distribution more difficult every day,
Producers admit no such reasons, but
blame the war in Europe and indus
trial conditions at home. The fact
remains that the decline is marked
and is still going on.
In Kentucky, the amount of whis-
key made in the last three fiscal years
ending June 80, was. 1912, 1882. 09S
gallons; 1913, 43,1S9.1S5 gallons; in
1914, 37,645,152 gallons. In January,
1915, the production was 1885,, 200 gal
Ions. as against 6,102,452 gallons in
January, 1914.
In Pennsylvania, the production
was: 1917, 1O.579,l26 gallons; 1913
11,4S2,359 gallons; 1914, 11.153,227
gallons; January, 1915, 1.Ol5.SOS gal.
Ions; January, 1914, 1,552,445 gallons.
In Maryland, 1912. 5,95O,S27 gal
Ions: 1913. 6,3G4,6S3 gallons: 1914,
5.4S4.603 gallons; January, 1915,
506,9l9 gallons; January, 1914, 9lS,-
$50 gallons.
In January, 1915, 691. 5O8 gallons of
whiskey were bottled in bond, as
compared with 92S,187 gallons in
January, 1914. Nebraska and Mis-
souri, were the only states showing
an increase this January over last.
In Massachusetts none was bottled in
bond, as against 1868 gallons in
January, 1914.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
YEAR ROUND SCHOOLS

Mason City will try the experiment
of the year round" school. providing
four terms OF twelve weeks each In
the year. This decision was reached
upon recommendation of the superin-
tendent of the high school, who point.
ed out that there are a number OF ad-
vantages In the year round, plan,
and that among the most important
are that students can complete the
that the expense to the school dis.
trict and the student is decreased. He
stated that the plan had met with
success In the east where II had been
adopted 10 q number OF the schools.
The test at Mason City viii depend
upon securing $50 students for the
summer term. 50 fI
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
MONEY GOES TO CANADA.

If one IS looking for the reason why
so many thousands of steel workers
are out of employment, and why the
big steel concerns are unable to pay
dividends on common stock, a recent
transaction, showing the practical
results of free trade will throw some
light OH the subject. Steel rails are
now on the free list. Under the pro-
teCtjve tarir of 1909 they bore a duty
of 1892 per ton. Not long ago the
Illinois Central Railroad Company
purchased from a Canadian mill 35,-
900 tons of ninety-pounu, open-hearth
rails. The price paid was a little
more than a dollar per ton less than
the same grade of rails could he
ought in the United States. Under
Il protective tariff the Canadians
would have had to shade their price
at least 81 per ton TO make the sale.
AS the case stands they had to cut
their price only a little more than a
dollar. So the money for $1,000
tons, amounting to about $1,00O,O 900,
goes to Canada instead of staying in
our own country, and American work
ers are robbed OF work and wages.
hat is free trade. This fact should
be borne in mind and needed, partiCu.
laIly by wage-earners, when we go
to the polls in November, 1916
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
ID !-+|-+ ||++i 81
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.
. i. 81 .1-.s++ .s+%-f -
Learn How To Vote.

| Editors Herald The best educa-
tiCn of all is to learn how to vote;
J to be stable in all things. No fam
lily or nation can long endure with
out constant activity and stability to
! its laws. The hrst repuDnc was
China which lasted the longest,-for
almost a thousand years. The lack
of stability Oyerthrows republics. We
live in the greatest age since time be-
gan, in material improvements and
inventions. In another direction we
live in a dangerous age. In every
country at the present time with the
exception of the rural districts, the
people have miserable dwellings. On
an average % per cent in many cities
have no homes of their own because
too much is owned by the public, and
no political influence whatever. They
are led like sheep because they lack
the knowledge. This makes him
bear the largest share of the states
burdens at the, present time. Thous-
ands of small farms are being sold for
taxes in many countries of Europe to
keep up the vast military and state
Ownership of railroads and public
utilities Every laborer o. the old
world has to carry another man on his
back. We are rapidly going in the
same direction. The government tax
of more than ten per cent of the in
come of the farmer is tyranny. Crops
fail and stock die and other losses,
but no reduction in taxes. AS the
country grows older the land and
taxes become higher; the farmer will
grow poorer. II is better that we
should have things little cruder than
to lose our liberty by surrer3ering
our hard earned money to the state
The widows pension is a step to-
ward tyranny 1t takes the money
OF the township and gives 1t to the
state. We have votes but what do
votes amount to If the majority do
not know where tyranny comes from?
This government is for the good of
the majority. There SHOULD be true
balance between the individual and
public property which would never be
passed over. The people OF the old
world are swamped in poverty and 1t
will soon come to lis If we are not
educated that ten per cent is all the
state should spend of the peoples
money. ! have little confidence in
the voter OF the present time. III II
were put to a test vote he would let
the government take over all. the rail.
roads and every public utility with
debt that would impoverish him to
pay the interest alone. So many
voters think AL the government has
to do Is to stamp money. They don't
that all must come from
their own pockets. No state should b
be permitted to make any laws. All
the laws should be made at Washing
ton. They should only do the bust
ness of the state. While we are
busy lighting the moneyed men more
burdens are being put on our shout
lers. There will be no end to this.
There must be a limit to this or the
,eop,e win be as poor as in any coun-
ry in the world.--John Armed, Ce-
lar, Iowa.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
z CENTURY AGu.

While the boundaries of Europe
today are trembling in the balance of
war" says a statement issued by the
/ National Geographic Society, 1T is
| interesting to contrast the Europe OF
April l, 1915, with the Europe OF April
! l, 1915. then EGTOpc was at war
just as it is now. Then one great ma
ton was standing off a host of Allies
/ just as today the bnunt OF the present
war falls on one great power against
a field OF Allies. The same five
greet European nations that are at
war now were fighting then. Only,
the lineup was different
Then, it was Europe-Great Brit
ain, Prussia, Austria and Russia
against France and Napoleon. Then,
as now, the vast armies of the Allies
| were making ready for a spring cam
Ipaign of invasion and, much Us is
! the case today, the fields within pres
! ent Belgium were first choice for a
war theatre. Moreover, a century OF
! politics and diplomacy have made nit
tie change in the questions about
(which wars are waged in Europe
One Important difference was that the
progressed, through a score of years
of trouble TO. state of dissatisfied,
peaceful exhaustion.
Napoleon made his Waterloo
campaign in the spring of 1915, and,
by July Is 1t had been decided in the
favor of the Allies. During the great
Emperor's Punishment to Elba, the
rowers that had brought about his
abdication and in whose. hands the
settlement of Europe's troubles lay,
placed the work of reorganizing boun-
daries, the remaking OF the map, be-
fore a congress, which was called at
Vienna in September, 1914. The ef-
forts of this congress became an in.
definite series of moves for impossi,
BILE bargains, and its' deliberations
Rad almost resulted in war among
the bargaiBers, when Napoleon re-
turned from Elba, and began his
march on Paris, March ] 1915. Thus
stimulated, the congress FASTENED
with its task, and. bv June 3, the
Final Act, embodying the treaties of
Vienna, was signed.
The map of Europe on April /,
1915. then, was as indetcrminate a
thing as Is that map today. France
had been crowded back within the
borders OF Roman Gaul. Her bound
aries were the Pyrenees in the south.
Piedmont, Savoy, Switzerland and
Baden, on the west, and the Neither
lands and Prussia on the northeast.
II was the France of Louis xI. the
France OF before the Revolution; and
II had lost the Netherlands, great 1
section of Central Germany, and
strip of coastal Germany, which Ma
poleon had Included In the Empire.
But. on April |, the Little Corporal
was planning TO dcfeat the armies OF
England. Prussia. Russia and Austria
in detail. and to re-establish his I'M |,
perlal France
While the congress- In Vienna had
not reached final action in It's work, I
the boundaries OF the new German
had practically been
decided. The new confederation in1,
cluded all OF German Europe. win
The exclusion Of the Netherlands and
Denmark. Austria was given the
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
eILLILAN,s auRpErIE STORY.

Here is a gentle little story which
Strickland Gillian told the other day
at the Cleveland Advertising Clubs
rooms, says the Plain Dealer. 1t
concerns the late Robert j. Burdette
and James Whitcomb Riley. and hap
pened during Burdette's lat summer
on earth.
Somebody said 10 Riley;
There is one thing about Bob Bur-
dette that particularly impresses me.
When he says God bless you he
means IT,"
Yes" replied Riley. and God does
it when Bob asks it."
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
The MloReToRY elRo LAW.

The act of congress protecting birds
and wild fowl in their passage through
and over the different states on their
way to and from their breeding
grounds, is, in the opinion of the st.
Joseph News-Press. Iona, step in the
direction of preserving feathercd life.
The law was most heartily approved
b. the great mass of real Sportsmen,
and its passage was the outcome Of
the strenuous efforts of the Audubon
Society of America. Judge Pollock in
the United States district court at To-
peka has declared this law unconsti-
tutional, holding that congress has no
jurisdiction over game in any state,
and the separate states only have the
right to enact laws for regulation or
protection of game. This will be dis
appointing to all lovers of the bird
creation and will be regretted by all
sportsmen worthy of thu name, and
will benefit only pot-hunters.
The Audubon Society will, as a mat
ter of course, take measures to have
the decision brought before the Unit
ed States supreme court for review.
The wanten destruction OF bird life
has cost the farmers Of this country
untold millions OF dollars. With the
disappearance of insectivurous birds,
destructive insects nave wrought
damage which is beyond estimate. II
is now known that birds which were
regarded as agricultural pests were
the best friends of the farmer and the
fruit grower
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
HARDING ON GOVERNMENT,

Lieutenant Governor Harding told
the Des Moines Commercial club re.
Gently that the best government Is
the least government" He went fur,
Their and stated that "a real reform
would be to have the legislature meet
less often and TO repeal a whole lot
of foolish useless. unenforced, unen.
forcible criminal statutes that are now
on the books. The passage of a new
criminal law should be such an import
ant thing that almost the last citizen
would know about II. When passed
II should be SO much demanded that
its enforcement would be matter OF
pride In every community"
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
WHERE the SHAME SHOULD LIE I

WHERE THE SHAME SHOULD LIE
Those who are ashamed OF the
profession OF teaching should get out
Iof it and work for corrupt railroad,
or for crooked politicians, or for a
newspaper that has sold its soul, !"
declared DR.. William T. Foster, presi-
dent OF Reed College of Portland,
Ore, addressing the general meeting
of the California Teachers Associa
tion convention.
Such rot i'll becomes a man whose
duty in life should be the mo,ding OF
the thoughts and characters of the
boys and girls entrusted To- his care.
The profession, rather chan be cowed
by any such expressions, ought to be
ashamed that DR.. Foster must be
Classed as a teacher,
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
Plan Big Shoot.

Mahaska Gun Club has made plans
for a fine shoot next Wednesday,
April %, when big program wIll be
given at the club grounds southwest
of town 1t will be an Invitation af-
fair to other than club members and
shooters from a distance are to be in
attendance. Attractive prizes will be
hung up and big list of events is
being scheduled. All members of the
club are herewith notified to be on
hand and join in the fun.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
nAsons 20 uRee PEACE.

One of the most important Incl
dents OF the day is the proposed for
mai attempt of the Masonic lodge r.
use its mighty force in behalf OF
peace. The Grand Lodge Of New
York has already endorsed the ap
peal issued by Charles w. Jennings
editor OF the Fourth Light. which
runs as follows:
Masonic Brethren: The great
est opportunity In history has now
come to Freemasonry to demon
strate It's faithfulness to its fund.
amentai principles OF brother
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
Lett by Chauffeur.

When Dr. James, well known ply
stefan of Centerville got out OF his
car to give II left out of mudhole
the chauffeur drove several miles into
Bloomfield before discovering he had
lost his passenger. The. physician lat
err arrived in hired car The driver
was cranking the car when the doctor
got out and did not notice he had left
his seat
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
Must Be Quiet.

Mayor A. j. Sourwine of Red Oak
has ordered that all the ice cream
parlors and candy Kitchens In the city
refrain from dispensing music from
pianos, yictrolas or other musical in
struments in their places OF business
during the Sabbath day. This IL the
first move i'm the history of the city
to make Sunday a quiet rest day.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
Butter Trade Suffers.

How the great Danish butter trade
has suffered fro m.he present war
and why little Denmark is the worlds
biggest butter exporter in normal tim.
les Ii shown in the statement, prepar-
ed by the National Geographic socie-
ty:
One of the many strands in the
wonderfully complex web OF world
commerce that has felt the severe
strain OF war Is the Danish butter
trade, Danish butter, Russian caviar.
French champagne, Norwegian sar-
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
IMPROVEMENT SUGGESTED.

IF Iowa would send men of cour
age and ability TO the legislature and
quit sending tinkerers and fellows
who are anxious to bore gimlet holes
in every law that doesn't exactly suit
them, IT could greatly improve on the
present legislature" asserts the Britt
Tribune
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22

The segregation of tuberculosis
patients in Iowa as provided in the
measure just passed by the legisla-
ture Is long step in advance. II
the BLACK plague" were handled in
like manner, Iowa would be a model
for other states to pattern after
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22
ISN'T 1T MARVELLOUS?

When you come to think of it,
exclaims the Burlington Hawk-Eye,
is it not marvellous that the gener-
alton whose money we are spending.
in their school days drank unfiItered
water OUt of a dipper, ate 'syrupti-
ciously' and slept in unsanitary feath-
er beds and that some of them still
remain healthy, wealthy and whole
some
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22

"A little girl who had been having
suspicious symptoms, had been told
that it would not be definitely known
that she had the measles until they
came out. Shortly afterwards she
became suddenly i'll and vomited
freely. After the excitement was
over, she demurely asked: Mamma,
was that the measles coming OUT"
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22

For the first time in the history
on Chicago a negro, Oscar De Priest,
has been elected to serve in the city
council He was chosen from the
second ward, and no doubt will make
a spleudid member.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-22

lin order to be better prepared for
war Italy may issue a decree limit
ing the per capita consumption of
spaghetti to 40 feet day. and there
must be no knots tied in it.