Norwich bulletin., 1915-07-05
THE WAR PRIMER By National Geographic Society

Tarnow, whence the Austro-German armies launched their great offensive across Galicia to Lemberg and beyond, forms the subject of a National Geo. graphic society description, issued to- day:
 'Tarnow marks one of the points of fartherest Russian advance, and, also, the point from which the Austro- Ger man drive began its sweep across. Galic!a This little town is situated upon the Cracow-Lemberg trunkline railway, and upon a branch toward the south It has here, 4S miles west of Cracow. that the Russian armies of invasion converged for their campaign against the ancient Polish capital.
 From Tarnow, the northern Aus trian railway runs east and south through Jaroslau to the fortress. Przemysl, and then east and north to Lemberg. The way from Tarnow to Lemberg, which the German armies covered during May and June, meas ures 164 miles, 1o4 miles to Przemysl to the Galician capital. The way lies through fairly open country, the slopes long, with only here and there hill broken stretches.
 The little city, with whose recap ture the last mighty military cam northern plain. near the confluence of the Biala with the Dunajec river. a tributary of the Vistula- The Vistula lies about 25 miles to the north, and forms the Galicia- Russian Poland bor- der. Nearly half of the towns popu- lation of 32.o0o are Jews. It had a growing industry before the war, xts chief manufacture being that of a.gi- cultural implements, for use upon the fertile fields of northern Galicia. There were also important flour, glass and lumber manufactures. The town pos NafhadraI in modified cnfhfp style. and some interesting baronial ruins, these latter connected with 800 years of Polish history"
 "Ferocious, treacherous, vindictive, cultured, forceful and progressive, the great family of the Malatesta, the Wrongheads, so genuinely a product of whimsical, beautiful contradictory 1talia- came into power in Rimini dur ing the twelfth century. Lords of the Castle of Verruchio, the wrongheads, race character so wildly odd as to make the story of his life Rimini's master romance. Brave, generous, cruel, diabolical in his cunning and cynical strategy. strong, learned. half devil and half angel and all the shades headed of all the Wrongheads, ex- pressed the threefold soul of Italy, the Borgfa, the Machiavelh, and the Dante
 Sigismonda was a leader in the early Renaissance. scholar and an artist. He built in 143s the Castle, of which part remains, which was once held to be the strongest in Italy. He was active in promoting Europe's re- awakening of spirit, in the re-estab- Hshment of a science and an art with out the constraining bounds of the church Yet he murdered three wives in succession, lived a life of unbridled lust, and was attacked by the church for long list of black, violent of fenses.- However, the tribute that he paid to scholarship was genuine, and between intrigues. military duties and his crimes he spent his time with philosophers, savants and artists. He built the Church of St. Francesca at Rimini, a strange work of classic art, built by plunder, and sanctifying its odd builder, and. in appearance, more of pagan temple than of a Christian Church"