The state herald., 1915-12-31

uDls TeuulreS eltneT EOOu ueilanu
In the local market or exceptionally
good transportation to and demand
in a more distant market Much the
same is true of odd or uncommon vari-
cites.
Some the the characteristics which
make variety poor are unattractiye-
ness In shape, size or color; inferior
quality; lack OF hardness in tree or
fruit, making them subject to disease;
small production; and being compare
lively unknown in the markets and
therefore not In good demand. To
make variety worth renovating, then.
1t should be fair to good quality: at
tractive: fair or. better. prolific pro
ducer: a good keeper and shipper:
and In good demand at good prices
in the market. All these factors should
be considered before renovation is at
tempted.
Unfavorable Conditions.
An apple orchard set on a wet soil
which cannot be readily drained In
worthless. Trees set on poor soils
require too much fertilization to get
them in shape to allow OF much profit
Trees growing on soils that are too
dry or leachy are less amenable to
renovation. In like manner orchards
located in frost pockets, at elevations
too low or too high, or sites too much
exposed. or on slopes too warm or
too cold will not pay returns on the
money spent in rcnovating them equal
to the returns from those better situ-
ated The renovation OF orchards at
n considerable distance from the rail.
road. with poor highways and poor
shipping facilities. and In isolated and
inaccessible places will not prove as
profitable ms the renovation Of or
chnrds In better locations. In short.
orchards In sites or locations which
are naturally unfavorable to apple
growing will be more expensive TO
rcnovatc and less profitable in the
end. and. In fact. may not give any
profitable returnr because OF these ad.
verse conditions.
Four important steps must be taken
In the Improvement of the general
farm orchard. These steps are practi.
cally the same as those which would
be employed In the average orchard
under normal conditions. With but
little modification. the methods to be
outlined may be continued after reno
walton. These are: "a Pruning, t2l
fertilization. t3) cultivation. and ~
spraying.
A general outline of work or a plan
OF campaign may be briefly summa-
rizcd m follows:
n1 II the orchard is and has been
In sod for a number OF years. plow In
the fall about four inches deep. If
not. pillow either In late fall or enrly
spring.
t2) During the winter put on from
~ TO 10 loads OF barnyard manure
per acre. or one load TO from three
to Ave trees, Another plan Ia 10 np.
ply In the spring 100 to 2ti pounds OF
nitrate OF soda, 800 to 800 pounds OF
acid phosphate. and 100 To 800 pounds
OF sulphato or muriatc of potash.
t3) In tho winter or In early spring
before growth starts. cut out ail dead
and diseased wood from tho trce, head
back the highest limba. and thon
tho branches TO admit sunlight.
90 Apply 1900 to 1000 pounds OF
lime per acre and work II and tn.
manure or fertilizer into the soil thor.
oughiy with n disk harrow or rprinr
tooth harrow. Keep up this cultiys.
tion until midsummer.
ts) After cultivation ceases for the
season. SOW a cover or grcen.manure
crop 10 plow under the following
spring Clover IL on. of the best 4.
ruminoua crops In tho North. Will.
oowpcaa are widely used In middle
lati,udoa and In tho South For
nonlosuminous crop ryo In the mos,
extensively used, though huckwheat
IL commonly used In some sections of
tho North
tsl Spray the trees In accordance
with the directions given In govern.
mont and state publications on this
subigfi