davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

provement 10 intended to evoke from
public authority the response that ad.
ditions and betterments cannot be
made out Of earnings but must come
out Of capital which must be procured
from investors.
What the Thornes refuse to concede
Is that under proper supervision rail.
road appropriations from earnings
adequate to permit expenditure for
additions and betterments enable the
carriers to keep down the accumula-
ton Of capital charges. which Is the
whole crux Of the problem Of railroad
finance. II all the dollars which the
railroads must spend for increase OF
facilities have to come from the capt.
tai ma rket, the only consequence will
be to drive railroad finance along the
road Of eventual bankruptcy.
In the second place, the Thorne
opposition to freight rate advances
profoundly ignores the investor, who
has been steadily alienated from rail-
road enterprise in the last few years
by the evidence that public regulation
and control were depriving railroad
investment Of sufficient protection.
Where money has been obtainable
outside for railroad betterment and
expansion II has, for the most part,
had to be raised through the issuance
Of fixed charge securities and the
multiplication of these has been
throwing one railroad system after an
other into ~receivership. Thought that
railroads could be financed through
the sale of stock to sha reholders has
been almost abandoned because of the
excessive restriction which public reg
ulation Of rates put on earnings and
because Of the excessive toll which
State and national legislation and
comm ssion ruling. as well rs the wage
awards of arbitration tribunals. we're
taking Of railroad revenue.
II reliance for the growth Of rail.
road facilities which the public needs
Is to be placed on outside capital
rates must be such as to assure arm
ings which will yield a margin Of
safety for security holders. and. fur.
thermore, to hold out a hope Of profit
which will induce the purchase Of
railroad stocks and allow the rail-
roads TO avoid an intolerable heaping
up Of fixed charge Indebtedness.
Nor Is the answer to the question
as stated by Mr.. THoRNE to be given
by the Thornes. The investor who 10
asked to pay for additions and bet
terments to railroad property" will
do all the answering on the basis Of
the public policy which governs the
rate factor in the earnings to which
he must look for the safety Of his
dividends, or, as may be, for the Sc
curity Of his principal and interest.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
"a Frightful Example,"

All the courts and most people Of
this United States have heard at some
time on another Of st. Clair county,
Missouri, For forty years 1t has had
TN its hands a lawsuit vital to its ex-
istence, and It has been held up either
as "the most swind!cd community" or
as "a frightful example,"
In the era Of wild speculation that
swept over the middle West in 1870
two gentlemen Of the Rufus W. Wal.
lingford type appeared In st. Clair
county with a project for building a
railroad from Neosho To Tebo Greek.
The State stood Sponsor for such
projects to the extent Of passing q
legislative act empowering counties to
invest money In railways through
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
This Is No Time for Naval Officers 10
Quit the Service,

President WILSON and Secretary
DANIELS have properly refused to
grant the requests of twenty officers
OF the navy who lately asked permits
sion to resign from the service.
We can conceive Of no time more
inappropriate than the present for
the voluntary withdrawal from the
United States naval establishment of
men trained to command its ships.
The officers who have sought to re.
tire to private life in the clrcum-
stances now existing cannot have
given to their impulse the serious
thought 1t deserves. Had they done
this, their applications for relief from
their obligations, we are sure, would
never have been filed.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
Paying for Railroad Improvement.

In the Western rate case, involving
,%forty-one railroad systems between
Denver and the Mississippi River, not
so much interest attaches to the argu.
ment OF the carriers as to the conten-
tons Of the opposing side. The rail.
roads have presented prosaic but tell.
ing figures and facts to support their
petition for a higher level of various
rates, but what they have applied for
and why is best indicated by the situa.
ton which they are appealing from.
This in turn is most forcibly shown
by the opposition which the railroads
encountered before the Interstats
Commerce Commission. All the an.
tagonisms to the railroads are ex-
pressed in the arguments Of that per-
petual opponent Of an intelligent pol.
icy Of railroad regulation Mr.. CLIFF
FORD THoRNE OF Iowa. who appear red
in behalf Of several State railroad
commissions and his own peculiar
views of railroading.
What THoRNE had to say, and he
~,
had n great deal to say, can be boiled
down to the following extract from
his statement:
1.-THE issues In this case centre around
Shs ono question, Who shall pay for ad-
ditions n betterments to railroad prop.
erty? Tho public interest demands bet
ter service. safer transportation and i'm
proved facilities; but 1t also demands
chat tho railroads themselves shall build
these improvements. and the public will
ehsn a a reasonable return on values.
There II no issue outside OF possible
International complication confronting
the American public so momentous and
far reaching in character az tho subject
OF freight rates and their general up.
ward tendency"
Tho last paragraph quoted from the
Thorne argument eliminates the first.
phs question which Is therein raised
- - who shall pay for railroad I'm.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
KLOPSTOCK OF OTTENSEN.
The Poet Of the Quiet Town Near the
Month Of the Elbe River.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir: Upon
tho high embankmcnt OF the E,be,
where 1t leaves behind the port OF AL
tona with its many ocean sailing yes
sells, lies Ottensen. a town so small
that IL had to be Incorporated with
Altoona In 1889. From the edge Of the
embankment It stretches probably
two miles inland; railroad tracks al
vide II to the asst from Altoona, and
a number of villages surround II TO
h north and to the west.
But for the noise of the steel and
iron works and of the glass factories,
Ottensen would not know II exists. II
Is so quiet, so quaint and so old fash
toned that even the workmen Of these
factories prefer to live in Hamburg or
Altoona n to travel to and fro instead
of dwelling near their working places.
There are no theatres or concert halls
to enliven the evenings. A yearly
fair, lasting two days. and n pig mar
ket. held every six months, are the
most exciting events ever chronicled
by the Ottensen news. Once n month
the trumpeter OF the voluntary fire
brigade the Inhabitants from
their slumber by summoning them TO
the accustomed exercises; this means
parade day, and none is prouder than
father tailor and uncle shoemaker in
their brass buttoned glaring uniforms,
topped off by glazed leather helmets.
Two school houses, the fire engine
house and the town hall are the most
remarkable buildings. These are shown
NNlfn nrtla ~ 49, &aa,1 ,Gl.-- -
comes for h day from Hamburg or
Altoona. for Ottensen has neither hotels
nor inns to longer stays.
These edifices OF course do not attract
the visitor, neither do tho factories:
but within the churchyard surround
ing the old weather beaten church lie,
beneath n very old lime, the remains
OF Germany's great poet. Friedrich
Gottlieb K~lopstock. surrounded by the
remains of those who were dear to
him. The spirit Of his great poem.
the messiah" seems yet to hover over
the c~hurchyard. the church, the In
habitants and over the whole town OF
Ottcnsen.
The staid b%urghers Of the town stu
live in the glory Of Klops.ock's fame:
hut for him the world would probably
never hear Of Ottensen.
AUGUST STENpnR.
NEW York, July 8,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
CARDINAL GIBBONS'S WORD.
The Reafirmation of q Strong Mans
Belief In Equal Suffrage.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SrN-Sr: II
Is most refreshing to sec the we'll known
verities reattirmed by Cardinal Gibbons
In his letter, and statement accompany
ing it, addressed 10 Mr.. James r. Nugent
OF New Jersey.
The Cardinals attitude toward tho
woman suffrage has not been in doubt,
although nan ingenious efforts nave
been made to twist a statement OF his
that the Catholic Church had not off,
c'ally taken an attitude upon the subject
into a q,rasi-indor-encrt Of the move
mout-,n fact, these attempts called out
this latest letter from the Cardinal. The
statement is an amplihcation OF the
letter.
His words Of sobriety and truth, from
the experience and conscience OF a wise
and good man. who IL famous for his
l!berality of thought, need no ampliAca-
tion. What .s needed Is calm reflection
upon their vital meaning. and their bear
Ing upon the welfare of women them
selves and the state OF which they are
citizens.
MARIE COLLINS ROONEY,
The Gu,don Club.
NEW York. June 30.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
The American FlaR.


Unfurl the nag of freedomi Lo behold!
The ensign of a people young and bold:
Repeat our banners story.
Sslute the nag OF glory
Which reveals tho stars Of freedom on
each fold.
The stars and stripes shah never KISS the
duet,
Tho sword of Justice never slsep IN rust:
oh. our hearts are loyal. true
To our old Red. White and Blue,
Love for God ana homo and country 10 our
trust!
Every true heart Of tns nation deep must
feel
Tho thrilling. patriotic vim and real
Which has shaped our glorious fate,
Making each new grateful State
In Old Glory's ssur~ neid . Iiviag ssai.
AErRAIK.
God has bis,sd sur hand. . uattou rich
He inspired our fathers with . nations
fate:
Their principles were fsw,
Immortal. simple, true,
Eternal are His laws for man and sts<s.
RErRAIN.
Americans We are ana brave at heart,
Every man and woman pledged to do a
part.
Let our declaration stand,
Soul ahame and flag in hand.
We Will serve In peace and war with WILL
ans heArti
Father HENRY b TlEnsnY.
TRENTON. No. Juns ~
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
Ii Becker Now . Pawn Of Politics?

No man car blame CHARLEJ BECKER
for lighting for his life with every
weapon he a command. He is not Il
king, and Is under no obligation b
apologize for the long time he takes
a-dying.
But II the death sentence under
which BECKER now lies has been trans
lated from the mandate Of justice
to I'm instrument for the e~Xtortlon of
p!tiful secrets Of graft in an under.
world whose foulness needs no fur
Their exposition; II ambitious polit!-
clans are treating with him for con-
LESSONS Of his misdemeanors as the
price Of escape from the penalty of his
capital crime. an offence against the
self'respect and intelligence of the
community Is contemplated that no
exlgency Of p~artisanshlp nor indiffer-
nee to the manifestations Of greed
tor preferment can condone.
Twice BECKER has been convicted
by intelligent Juries Of an atrocious
murder, in which his evil mind d.
rected the bodies Of puny lei over
whom his official place gave him Pc
culiar power. He betrayed the State
in assassination to hide his betrayals
Of oppression and extortion. He de-
serves neither sympathy nor c%lemency,
and the manipulation Of his fate to
suit the designs Of politicians will
turn the stomach Of even the most
sophisticated and cynical.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

The harvest season has brought
some unusual items out OF Kansas.
One Is to tho effect that the farmers
have reverted to tho pre-prohibition
longing for beer kegs. II should be
said. however. in Justice TO the
States reputation for sobricty, that
the kegs r not sought apparently
for their contents but for the aid they
furnish In buoying up the reapers in
h muddy wheat fields. Another
piece of news Is n story of extreme
modesty. The Lieutenant-Governo
OF the State, w. Y. MORGAN, remon-
strates with the Agricultural Depart
ment for estimating the crop at sew
eral million more bushels than It by
right should be. Tho reversion to the
beer kegs seems more believable than
the story OF this excess Of modesty.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
N. Y. q. ENROLMENT BEGUN
More Than 1000 Pupils Espcctrl

Registration for the annual SUM
school Of Now Nurh University las t
gun, n there !s every reason 2 as
pect an enrolment of between 1000 .r.
Loco.
Such subjects ns art. music am ear
training, domestic art, Including 'r.-'
making and designing dan l.rt-
Semitic languages, stCr,TrgpIr avs
~typcwr.tiuG are to hc glysr .u a''.
20 tho regular courses. \ l,yrl r 81.
Will be the study Of the Gary s,..,w p
education. which viii be conducted f.
Joseph :. Taylor, the District ssr.-
ten."nt 81 Public schools IN Tho Hr Pc
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

The Aldermen who visited the
city's charity wards last week were
probably informing themselves OF the
manner In which the present tax
payers will be cared for II municipal
expenses continue to increase.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

II men will eat alfalfa. says DR..
ALEXANDER BLAcKwoop. they will be
cured Of the blues, relieved of indi-
gestion. made mentally happy and
alert; and NEBUCHADNEzzAR proved
long y that It was not harmful to
the human animal.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

Under n statute that became effective
in Iowa to-day. thirty days in Jail OF
a fine Of S25 Is the penalty for giving
or receiving a tip. be It only q nickel
Ne,cs despatch from Dss Motnes.
A considerable number Of free and
Independent citizens Of New York
think that n man who gives a tip of
only a nickel deserves a more severe
penalty.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

It Is the opinion Of Sir WILLIAM
CRooKEs that the Germans must be
destroyed "by inches" and II his
theory Is sound the spring offensive of
the Allies in the west must be- &C.
counted a tremendous success.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

Ex-Mayor Low has a plan under
which the city would adopt laws and
the Legislature nuilify them. IL II
chose. which no urges to replace the
present system, under which the
Legislature enacts the laws and the
city refuses to enforce them.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

II Warden OsBoRNp's young friends
continue to play %truant. steal his live
stock and quarrel among themselves,
he may be forced to the belief that
some among them are bad boys.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

To THE EpIroR OF THE uS-s am
reliably informed by my inner conscious
ness. via surface lines. that mosquitoes
are less plentiful this year In this part OF
The lovely Jerseys than ever before, Have
these water fowl become Aafe and sane?
NEWARK, y. j., July O. c. A. q.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

Nothing could he more gratifying
than the knowledge that the United
States is exporting great quantities
of foodstuffs. This overseas trade
assures W that We shall not soon be
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
AT COLUMBIA
+, SUMMER SESSION
Record Enrolment for the $50
Courses Covering Six
Weeks.
A FEATURE

COLUMBIA Univcrslty's summer session
opens mex Tuesday with a registration
which promises TO exceed 5000 EN-
dents. te figures already show
a large i%crcase over last ycu-'s
enrolment. More than $50 courses re
offered In Ire school.
With tie rapid growth in the mime
session at Columbia during the last f-y
wears, Moningslde Heights has bec1m.
almost asactive a centre OF university
affairs durng the ummer as during the
regular witer academic session FRO.
lessor Jane G. EEbcrt, director Of the
summer eesson, Is bending every Effort
to give tho SIMMER students the hons-
nj or the man opportunities offered by
such a large metropolitan university
and many Of he social and ath;,tI,
events which sually mark only the
regular academt session Will he IN.
in this ummer's programme.
Even the COLUMBIA Spectator, the cole
lege daily. will be published during ti.e
six weeks of the 'ession and athlete
games have been arranged on South
Field. Social events Of all kinds WI
occupy many Of the r,culrgs g.I Al.
elaborate series OF eNcrsious ha. been
planned.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
Many New Courses This Year.

Each summer now steps are inado p
the academic work in the .,irIm,r pei,
sion. and there Is no ~cNceEiou a., Ia,
rule this year. Many new rarcie, 2
learning will he open for IN. Ar, tine
this summer.
The Crocker Cancer Reseach Lab
oratory will DO available for he sum
mer students and thu eNtsnsre uni
versity property at Litchneld. Conn .
known az Camp Columbia. VIII l., anon
with courses In agriculture II yttp,
in addition TO the regular work e tue
camp In civil and mining ]cuElnoclug
For the first time In tn. history otfu.
camp. students other than those stu5
Ing at Columbia University during a.,
winter Will lie permitted to enter De
civil engineering and mining courses. 4.
IS AT Camp Columbia hat the stuien,
learn tho field work In their profess,o
at first hand.
Much emphasis viii he laid on III,
work in such practical studies as com.
merce, accounts, finances, secretaria
studies. bookkeerins and shorthand. IL
addition, as an outside undertaking.
conference on religion VIII be held a
the university from July s to July !,
Inclusive. This conference and III,
course in missionary training will b
given in conjunction with the Uni,
versity Theological Seminary.
one OF the novel features OF the sum
mel session is a geographical trip under
the supervision of Prof. d. W. johnson
of the graduate engineering school, TIL.
excursion Will take the students throuEA
the Western United States. They WI.
leave New York the first week In July
and be gone about eight weeks. The
trip will include a weeks stage trip IN
~. NAfIA-.-A IA-. g..
to the Glacier National Park, a lu-g
automobile trip across the Cascade
Mountains, a trip TO the Panama-Pl-
cihr Exposition, a week in the Yoseml;.
Valley and a trip across tho Rock,
Mountains.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

O'Don0van R0asa,
In skibbereen
Is heard tho keen
For ono no more,
And Bantry Bay
Is sad the day
Along each shore.
His fortitude
And ancient feud
Made manifest.
Let wrath abate,
Let hope STAY hate.
80 may he rest.
NAuRIos MoasIs.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

A q book on diet discloses its
author as entirely orthodox. mas
much a. he tells his readers not to
eat any Of the foods they like.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
II. ". Patterson on Trip To IrcInui

II. V. Patterson Of Harper N
and j. II Tusti2e. cNlg.I..
Board OF Estimate, s,i..l y
the Philadelphia for L~lycru.,.
Q trip through Ireland.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

American ships show increase in num-
berthe Euentno Post.
The seaman's law will soon put a
stop to that.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

Little F~ish--Aren't you afraid of the
submarine1
Big Fish-No, a bent pin ana . worm
is much moro dangerous.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

Another new field in which the sum
mer session IL entering this year Ia Il
training of the leaders to assist IN g..
Boy Scout movement. Dean janice IS
Russell OF Teachers College is much {
terested IN this work and believes H..
while the Boy Scout training Is not N
,ury. nevertheless the United S-.'
will be glad TO have these boys '-l...
as loyal citizens TO call on TO take NJ
military training II conditions cy,. d.
mand such measures. Prot. t1.c
Claude Elsom Of the University 90" "
consln has been called East t. youi.
this special course.
In making the eImmer session n9 o.
tractive as possible 20 the students as
ing the hours outside Of the class. ...
lies the secret of much Of tie s..ss
which Prot Egbert has hr1u-H'
This year a nove! experiment NN
tried In work In community music Pro-
Peter w. Dykema of the University .,
Wisconsin. who has had mdrkrI yat.c
in developing community must, "
lead the students IN singing old '
songs AT their gatherings on t.r cas-
pus. This movement has met With ~,
popularity In the West, and Prof E-.r
confidently expects tAat II W..I DE >
Enthusiastically received uele.
Professors from all Iorts OF no 90
try have been called for tho san. d,
session. They Nil como from Ur.
Porto Rico, Europe md ulv" ..
state universities and institutions Z to-
West and South. ! ) Audrey.,.r ..
struotor In extension l.. ea.t- o. g.,
lumb!a University. and Ms, E..rI|c.
Reynolds Of the University II Is,..4
give courses IN Russian h.sto,v a,.
vonlc Languages under the d. '... =
Prot. J. Dyneley Prince Of GO. frN'
University.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
Municipal Research ChicLens.

Farmer--These are the chickens
City Quest presume one breed lays
scrambled eggs and the other fried
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

What's the use OF sorrow
Come to me and your
Clouds may hide the planets:
Sunshine does II too.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

London once. Emngham House. 1 Arun
del street. Strand.
Paris office. 6 Rue de Ia Michodiere. on
Rue du ouatre Septernbro.
Washington ONCE. Hibbs Building.
Brooklyn ONCE, 100 Livingston street
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

reduced to the offensive conditions in
which cheap living plays so large a
factor,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04
A STATISTICAL 4TH OF JULY.

To THE EDITOR OF The sUN-SiY: Re-
cent publication Of the Statistical Alb
stract Of the United States for 1914"
enables this preparation Of a statsti-
cal Fourth Of july. evidencing the
marvellous financial and economic
strength Of our great country as on
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

Al checks, money OBJECTS. nc, 70 Dc
made payable TO Tna sun.
Published daily. including Sunday, by the
Sun Printing and Publishing Association al
40 Nassau street. In the Borough Of Man
haitian. New York. President and Treas
urer. william C. Reick. 40 Nassau street
vioe-Presiden Edward p. Mitcheli. 10
Nassau street: Secretary. C. z. Lux,on. 10
Nassau street.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-04

uc''Il ptlSul IMAM 4 lie
does not refrain from robbing a neigh
Dor, or seducing his friends wife, be-
cause he fears punishment in this world
or the next. but FOR the reason that a
normal instinct and decent habit OF mind
render him d!slnClined TO such actions.
what, one may inquire, has MAJ done
10 deserve the gift OF Immortality, de-
MED, as we are told. to all other crea-
lures? Surely the greatest misfortune
that ever happened to the world was
the advent of the human race upon IL.
Man Is to-day. Just AS he auciPntly was,
the most ruthless Of all beasts OF prev.
BEFORE he came the hills and valleys,
the forests and grassy plains were filed
with multitudcs OF beautiful animals,
enjoying a happiness of their own. In
Vulnerable birds of bright pluinage and
tuneful song filled the air. What has
become OF these animals and birds
Man mas destroyed nearly all Of them.
Even OF the air he has made a desert.
Death was no novelty when man ar
rived on the scene. Living creatures
preyed upon other living creatures. that
being a law Of nature. But there was
no such thing as cruelty, In our sense az
the word. Man originated cruelty he
was the inventor OF unhapplness.
And what are we to think OF man In
his relation to other men? How thin
Is the veneer Of hts su-Callcd civilization ,
Tit killing of his " species Is one of
his most important occupations. For
the settlement of his greater quarrels,
between nation n nation, he resorts
customarily to murder and other forms
OF crime, such as arson and theft, on a
wholesale scale.
II might be asked, by way OF paren-
ihcs!s. at what period in his develop
T"Gt Il was that man acquired the ~.
culiar and exclusive privilege of surviv-
ing his own death. There Is no longer
any question OF the fact that he Is de-
scended in direct line from apelike ances-
tors, which must remotely have dwslt