davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29
LAWS OF THE INcAS.
A Code That Was Remarkable For lite
Benefieent Simplicity.

A Code That Was Remarkable For lite
6enefieent Simplicity.
Among the most remarkable laws of
the Incas were those concerning taxa
ton. The principal feature of those
laws was that taxes were not paid in
money. but in work and in produce,
whether manufactured OF grown. The
Inca emperors thought 1t unjust to de
mand that taxes should be paid in any
kind Of commodity that the people could
not produce by their own personal la
Dor.
The people also paid another sort of
tribute. They made clothes, shoes and
arms for the soldiers and for the poor
who could not work themselves owing
to age or lnfrmity. The cloth was
made of wool from the fiocks Of llamas
that abounded in the mountains. On
the plains Of the seacoast, where the
climate is warm and they do not dress
In woolens, the people made cotton
cloths, the cotton being supplied from
the crops Of the emperor. The shoes
were made in the provinces where
aloes were most abundant, for they
were made of the leaves Of a tree
called maguey. Each province furnish
ed its own produce. and no province
had to supply anything that did not be-
long to it
There was mandate that forbade
beggary and destitution; that. of course,
followed upon due provision Of their
laws. Every citizen was provided for
theoretically and practically. No man
need be idle; no man need lack land or
seed or implements for cultivation;
therefore no one was permitted to beg.
If any were found doing so it was
clear proof Of idleness. for the incapa-
BILE were provided for. and contempt
and punishment were meted out on all
tramps, vagabonds and idlers.-"The
Secret Of the Pacific"
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29
FERrILIzlNe OLD MEADOWS.


. On an old meadow which has
. not been properly fertilized a top
: dressing of nitrate Of soda is al
. most certain to show very mark
ed results. The farmer is likely
. to be so enthusiastic over the
showing made that he at once
concludes that nitrogen is the
one factor needed to make his
hay crop a profitable one. Right
here lies the danger. While the
first application of nitrate of soda
may show these marked results.
it is not by any means safe to
conclude that nitrogen is the
only element of fertility needed.
Repeated applications Of nitrate
of soda may soon result in no
apparent benefit and even result
in a final condition worse than
the original condition. The first
application of nitrate of soda
shows such marked results be-
cause there is a marked def
cheney of nitrogen in the soil. .
but there is sufficient of the
other fertilizing elements. par :
ticularly phosphorus and pOtas-
sium, to balance the nitrogen :
used. The increased crop yields
from the use of nitrate Of soda :
make an increased drain upon
the available phosphorus and pO- I
tassium of the soil. No effort .
being made to replace these ele- I
ments thus removed. the time
very soon comes when no re- I
sponse is received from the ap- !
plication of nitrate of soda be- Z
cause the phosphoric acid and :.
potash have been depleted or. in 1
other words, are the limiting !
factors. As a rule. where nitrate 4
of soda is used as a fertilizer it !
is a safe principle to use in con- Z
nection with it some form of :.
phosphorus and potassium. hav- Z
ing in mind permanent results !
rather than a temporary increase Z
due to the nitrate Of soda. From !
Bulletin of United States De- Z
partment of Agriculture. I
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29
WINTERS CROP.

In these chilly days one is like
ly to think little of the discOm-
forts Of next summers drought.
All out of doors is a cooler that
checks interest in field work, but
there is one crop that must be
) harvested now or never. 1t is
the only crop that removes alb
! solutely nothing from the soil
and can he had in most cases
free for the harvesting. 1t grows
. nearly everywhere in unlimited
quantities. The satisfaction de-
rived from a store Of 1t is almost
Immeasurable. for 1t adds to the
health and pleasure Of the en-
tire family. Harvesting is so
ridiculously simple that we may
well wonder why stores Of the
crop are not TO be found on
every farm. Millions Of dollars
are spent to produce It in the
cities; farmers can have all they
need for a few days work at
odd times in winter.
The nearest approach to some
thing for nothing in farming is
the Ice crOp.-Country Gentle
man.
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29
An Old story.

Subbubs ARRIVING HONEYWELL. dear
anything new happened today? Mrs.
Subbubs-The cooks gone Subbuhs-
asked you if there was anything new
happened = Boston Transcript.
The world is 3 beautiful book. but Of
little use to hir1 who cannot read it,
GOldOni
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29
An UnsoIved Problem.

How, sir. is it possible" demanded
counsel Of bankrupt who was under
going his public examination. ito live
in the luxurious style you have affect
ed on f40 a year?'
THAT" replied the bankrupt. ''is g
problem to which l have devoted con
siderable time in the interests Of so
cial economy, and the results Of my
humble efforts are now before the
court. ."--London Mail.
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29
Anti.ahook noublstres.

The doubletree A is very easy on
horses. for it reduces jerking. It is three
feet long. with a clevis at each end
The spring is bolted on the center with
two bolts. Each end of the spring is
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29
The Farmers Payroll and How He
Meets Il.

The annual payroll of agriculture
approximates s12,000,00O,O0O A por-
ton of the amount is shifted to for.
eign countries in exports, but the
total payroll of industries working for
the farmer divides substantially as
follows: Railroads, $1,252,00O,00
manufacturers, $4,S65, 100000; mining,
$655,000,000; banks, $200,00O,000;
mercantile $S,5O0,OOO, 900, and heavy
miscellaneous payroll constitutes the
remainder.
It takes the corn crop, the most
valuable in agriculture, which sold
last year for 1882 100000, to pay off
the employees of the railroads; the
money derived from our annual sales
Of livestock Of approximately s2,0OO,-
100000, the yearly cotton crop, valued
at $920,000,000; the wheat crop,
which is worth $61O, and the
oat crop, that is worth $4,000, 900,
are required to meet the annual pay.
roll Of the manufacturers. The
money derived from the remaining
staple crops is used in meeting the
payroll Of the bankers, merchants,
etc. After these obligations are paid,
the farmer has only few punches Of
vegetables, some fruit and poultry
which he can sell and call the pro-
ceeds his own.
When the farmer pays OF his help
he has very little left and to meet
these tremendous payrolls he has
been forced to mortgage homes, work
women in the field and increase the
hours of his labor. We are, there
fore. compelled to call upon all in
dustries dependent upon the farmers
for subsistence to retrench in their
expenditures and to cut of all un-
necessary expenses. This course is
absolutely necessary in order to avoid
a reduction in wages, and we want,
II possible, to retain the present wage
scale paid railroad and all other in
dustrial employees.
We will devote this article to a
discussion Of unnecessary expenses
and whether required by law or per-
mitted by the arrangements OF the |
concerns. is wholly immaterial. We
want all waste labor and extrava-
gance, Of whatever character, cut out.
We viii mention the full crew bill as J
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29

bolted to one end of the arm B. The
singletrees are attached to the oppo-
site end Of these pieces in the usual
manner This device adds also to the
comfort of the driver.
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29
Wonderful Case of Mrs. Crusen,
of Bushnell, iii.
A GratefuI Atlantic COast woman.

HopepoN ME-aI feel duty owe to all suffering women to
tell what lydia Pnhams Vegetable Compound did for me- One
wear ago found myself terrible sufferer had pains IN both sides
and such could scarcely sTaghten up at Tunes my
then would be so mornings that could scarcely get around
II seemed almost impossible to OF DO bit OF WORK ana
thought never would any better until submitted to an opera
ton commenced taking Lydia PnkhamS vegetable TGoun G d
and had no Pa slep We nau OOu
appete and was and could do almost all my own WORK or lam
y of four shall always feel that owe my good hean 10 your
medicine"-Mrs HAYWARD Sewers, Hodgdons Mane'
!. q
For 80 years Lydia E. Pinkhams Vegetable GS2>(&SIG
standard remedyfOrfe- A&&ANM
mall No sick with WOmanS ailments tV M E#O
if she does W7l
mOu made from roots and herbs IL II IA y II
has restored sOmany suffering wOmentO health W
sWrite to LYDIA EPINKHAM MEDICINECO (A $STT%E I'M
FS LYNN, MASS, for advice
opened read and answered (5eS MgSS)
hv a in strict confidence.
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29

For Delaware and Maryland Klondike.
Candy, Parsons Beauty and Chesapeake
are the best varieties to plant. Fiftv-fve
other varieties to select from. Will 1uote
special prices from Catalog price on Straw
berry plants; 8 200 900 for sale this sprino.
All stock guaranteed frst-class and true
to name. Our new 1915 Catalog is now
ready. les Free. Write for copv.
Milford chronicle., 1915-01-29
BY Peter Radford
Lecturer National Farmers Union

The farmer is the paymaster of
industry and as such he must meet
the nations payroll. When industry
pays its bill it must make a sight
draft upon agriculture for the amount,
which the farmer is compelled to
honor without protest. This check
drawn upon agriculture may travel to
and fro over the highways Of COM
merce; may build cities; girdle the
globe with bands of steel; may search
hidden treasures in the earth or
traverse the skies, but in the end it
will rest upon the soil. No dollar
will remain suspended in midair; it is
as certain to seek the earth's surface
as an apple that falls from tree.
When a farmer buys a plow he pays
the man who mined the metal, the
woodman who felled the tree, the
manufacturer who assembled the raw
material and shaped it into an ar
ticle Of usefulness, the railroad that
transported it and the dealer who
sold him the goods. He pays the
wages Of labor and capital employed
in the transaction as well as pays
for the tools, machinery buildings,
etc, used in the construction of the
commodity and the same applies to
all articles of use and diet of him
self and those engaged in the sub
sidiary lines of industry.
There is no payroll In. civilization
that does not rest upon the back
Of the farmer. He must pay the bills
all of them.
The total value of the nations
annual agricultural products is around
$12,OOO,OOO,OOO, and it is safe to esti-
mate that 95 cents on every dollar
goes to meeting the expenses of sub
sidiary industries. The farmer does
not work more than thirty minutes
per day for himself; the remaining
thirteen hours Of the days toll he
devotes to meeting the payroll of the
hired hands of agriculture, such as
the manufacturer, railroad, CONNER
cial and other servants.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-03

A MAN OF MYSTERY
Everybody knows his face, but few know
his name. 1t is his habit to slip softly up
to the Chestnut. street pedestrian and, in a
stage whisper, ask: SCOT any old cloes you
wanner seIl?"
The Washington times., 1915-06-24
Answers to Health
Questions

Bertha-Q. My scalp itches continu-
ally. What can / do for It?
A. Take a 5-grain lithia tablet in A
glass OF water three times a day
after meals. Massage into the scalp
twice a day the following: Balm
peru. drains; cocoa butter, 5 drains;
sulphur grains: resorcin. grains;
transparent vaseline, l ounce.
c. F. B.-Q. What can I do for cor
rugated ridges on my finger nails?
A. Massage the finger nails each night
with white vascline.
L. B. CO. What can do for night
sweats?
A. Night sweats mean that some
slight infection is still present which
good food, fresh air, sunlight, and
sleeping in a well ventilated room will
cure. You need twelve hours sleep in
the twenty-four. Night sweats do occur
In tuberculosis, but II Is a complication
from other microbes of infection.
DR.. Hirshber1 tctll dnstoer questions
for readers OF The Times on medical,
hyDferic and sanitation subjects that are
Of general interest. He UtH not under
take TO prescribe or offer advice for in
diUidudi cases. Where the subject Is not
OF general interest letters trtll be an
stCered personally, II a stamped aud dd-
dressed envelope Is enclosed. Address all
inquiries TO DR.. l.. X. HirshberJ. care
this office.
The Washington times., 1915-06-24
TO GIRLS

Dear Annie Laurie: l am
young girl of nineteen and have
been keeping company with
young man OF twenty-four for
seven months. He seems to think
an awful lot of me and in fact
! think he loves me. Anyway,
l love him but would not tell
him SO.
lie has a position which calls
for night work and only see him
once in about two weeks and |
have no desire to go out with
anyone else. DO you think ] am
too young to devote all my time
to this one man? While he
hasn't asked me to marry him
am anticipating it. Do you ap-
prove of early marriages? Do
you think that when. they mary
so early they often regret It in
after years? UNDECIDED.
l don't see any reason why you
should devote yourself entirely to
the young man. II you are not en-
gagged. Even though you have no
desire to go out with anyone else,
try to make some new friends and
get more out of life. You are still
young and youth is the time when
life Is sweetest, anyway. The girl
who mopes at home may regret 1t
later.
II Is difficult to lay down a rule
about marriages. because some
people are still too young at thirty
to know anything about the re-
sponsihility of marriage. It's Just
about six of one to half a dozen OF
the other. There's this much about
II. though, When people are Young
they may marry from romantic rsar
The Washington times., 1915-06-24
What They Say About Us
Women in the Public Eye As Viewei by
Editorial Writers of the Newspapers.

whatever exactly that last resound-
ing phrase may mean. But this
New York competition is the first re-
sponse we have seen to Mr.. Georges
suggestion. Is it possible that
group of level-headed women any
where believe that there are women
who Will want gown which every
other woman can wear? Vast manu-
factories have been built upon the
belief that what women wanted were
gowns which no other woman could
get. and those properties are still
paying handsome returns on the in
vestment, in spite of the war.
Now are women in any considerable
numbers ready to turn their backs
upon the customs OF ages, and the in
stinct of competition upon which
those customs are founded? If they
are, the new woman has arrived, is
In command, and there Is nothing but
to obey her mandates, whether they
relate to clothes or the ballot.
The answer to that question will
probably depend in good part on the
sort of a gown which this girl of
twenty has invented. The nature of
in mystery, "a few slight modifica-
tions" being required before the COM
mittee Is ready to submit it to the
photographers and the critical eyes
of Its own sex. We are told, how
ever, that the new dress does not in
clude pants" nor yet trousers, but
that 1t is "a bifurcated garment"
the imagination is stimulated, II
somewhat appalled,, by this dscrim-
ination. but after the show windows
anything is possible. That is. any
thing is possible in a show window.
But If women are really going to
wear the same rig" morning noon
and night. what becomes of that IA
miliar claim. ''it rests me to change
my clothes |'-Brooklyn Daily Eagle.
The Washington times., 1915-06-24
Binet Tests Will Refine
Teaching Methods and
Prevent Waste, Asserts
George Washington Uni
versity Psychologist.
BY FLORENCE E. YODER.

DUCATION by measure.
- This is the ideal system
which educators hope to en-
ploy in the future and which
expresses in a sentence the meaning
and the purpose of the Binet-Simon
measuring scale for intelligence
which Is the latest educational de-
velopment Of the day.
THE use Of the Binet tests in the
future" says Miss Underwood, as
sistant psychologist of the George
Washington University. and expert
at the use of the system, will refine
the teaching methods OF the present
day. and eliminate waste. by pro-
viding adequate instruction for both
deficient. normal. and supernormal
child, and by adapting such educa-
ton to the mental capabilities of the
pupil as well for his individual char
acter as for his grade and intelli-
gence.
The Binet tests are not new, but
they are new to the world OF peda-
gogy and are yet to be Incorporated
into the public schools.
Parents better than teachers know
how much their children know,
as they often fondly express 1t,
backward"
Certain manifestations at the diff
ferent ages are watched carefully,
and the first recognition, the first
smiles, the first attempts at speech
are carefully noticed in the hope Of
determining just how knowing the
young person is. and what his
chances are Of becoming a success
In the world.
But the measuring Of the intelli-
gence of the human being should not
af hn
school: in fact, 1t should begin then,
on even a more scientific scale than
before.
Certain Drawbacks.
One of the drawbacks Of the
public schools Is due to the fact that
they are regulated according to the
average abilities OF the average child
at certain ages.
If child Is normal. they are a
benefit to him. but if he is. for some
The Washington times., 1915-06-24

reason or other, not Intellectually
as old ns his body. IL his brail has
not grown with the rest OF MS body'
or II 1t has grown disproportionately,
the work Is not only the wrong
work for him, but he seriously deters
the work of others In his grade,
In other words. the child of eight
who is not eight mentally. fhould
have especial provision made for
his instruction.
by means OF the atyptical or un-
graded schools. where the children
uf marked abnormalities are given
individual instruction. This is. how
ever, but very rough dtscernment,
the trst step as II were, in the elm
inatiun of tho fit and the unfit.
Many finer grades Of mental abili-
ty and inability exist.
Just as the one room, all-graded,
country school gave way to the
graded school of today, will the graded
school of today IN the future be sub
divided into classes, separated not
by guess work. or examination In
subjects included in the curriculum.
but by Binet tests for intelligence.
or something very like them.
OF the Binet tests Miss Underwood
''W hen Biner fret became director
of an experimental laboratory of
psychology in 1889. he did not in
tend to tear down any OF the old
il. but rather to build up a new
science. He held that the teacher
should be a psychologist. since as
such he will be interested in his
calling, and win be able to intel
ligently determine the means of the
development of the mind and char
actcr of his pupils.
Lesson of Experience.
Experience with the tests-I have
had eight years-assures me contin-
ually OF their astounding accuracy.
The simple questions prepared for
the child from the age of three to
the age of thirteen years. If pro-
FOUNDED correctly. and according to
the rules, never fail.
Their usefulness as means of
understanding the mental develop
ment Of children is beyond question.
and 1 confidently believe that the
time will speedily come when every
child in school will occasionally be
examined by some such method as
this with a view of determining his
actual development. and consequent
ly what to be expected of him.
This. not only for the purpose
OF segregating and giving especial
treatment to those who are backward
or feeble-minded, but that we may
know lnOSe VINO are especially wen
endowed and those who have ave-
rage intelligence so that each may
receive the instruction that his
condition requires.
I'm the use Of the Binet tests ex-
perience has emphasized two i'm
portant dangers or liabilities to
error. The one comes from the ten
dency of the optimistic affectionate
teacher examining the child from her
own room to help the child with
too much and therefore credit him
with more than he himself can
really do. The other Is the opposite
tendency of the teacher who is either
temperamentally or because of mo-
mentary conditions not encouraging
but rather discouraging to the child.
so that he does not do his best and.
consequently. does not give up to the
standard of which he is really
capable.
Zone should never begin the ex-
animation of the child with any
preconscieved notions as to what
The Washington times., 1915-06-24

the warm season. Our summer field
Will be large-the study of current top
les. Groups Of women are to have
versnda parties where the discussions
will take place. Our principal subject
Is to be womans work In the present
and her place in the future. There is
no doubt as to her position today as
a potent factor in civilization, when
thousands Of men in Europe are
tghting and our men are centering on
the thought of keeping out of war
by promoting the objects of peace.
Arrange Ten Groups.
at least ten groups Of women will
meet to discuss local questions of the
day. In addition, there is to be close
analysis of the relative political prob
lens presented by our Government.
The personality OF the rulers of Eu-
rope and their effect upon the present
situation is another topic, together
with their relative value as eXecu-
I'VE shall also treat of the great
moral issues that control the policy
Of tho people. Nothing in present
decades has had such an overwhelm-
ing influence as temperance in Rus
sia and It's favorable discussion in
France. England, and Germany. for
example.
I'm studying as we expect to do, we
women will gain added vision in carry
ing forward the interests our own coun-
try. While the ballot Is not woman S.
rs yet. the balance Of power in right
thinking Is here by virtue Of her su-
perior numbers. This being true, each
time we are helped 1t means help to
the men of the country. too. Each time
we give help 1t means help to them,
and we are becoming true helpmates.
Make Child's Garment.
There are at least two organizations
whose activities will not cease during
the summer months. The directors Of
the Florence Crittenton Mission are
planning n summer full of service. A
number OF new circles are being Crgan-
known as IN Memory Of" Every
woman who belongs is asked to make
any childs garment she may wish in
memory Of some child she had
loved. The wish to become enrolled,
and the contribution of the garment are
the only requirements for ndmittance.
THE circles will hold three large meet
ings during the summer and early fall
and all members will be invited to at
tend. / believe that the Florence Crit
spread when people realize how many
hundreds of girls are helped into lives
Of usefulness by the work Of the mis-.
sion. ... 80
Women of Bible. d.
Last of all, any woman who wishes Is
asked to toin the Logan class at Calvary
Baptist Church for the study of famous
women in the Bible. The regular meet
! ings will be held on Sunday mornings al
$50. and once a month we will meet In.
, formally at the homes Of the officers
At these times, women are to bring sew
| ing. and We have decided to donate ouI
work OF this summer to the Bruer
| Home and the Florence Crittenton Mis-.
! sion. We have founded this class fol
| the special benefit of young women who
are strangers to the city and who wish
to make friends.
These summer activities are by nc
means limited by the examples I have
given. No doubt other groups Of womer
mer in the wav OF bridging over tho
gap between the formal club season tina
will be esumed on October l."