davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

American goods. The conclusion reach
ed is that other lines of American yes
sells would have no difficulty in get
ting full cargoes.
Another point in the shipping situa-
ton is that the British lines-some of
them, at any rate-are unquestionably
granting rebates to South American
shippers. From my talks with various
men in Buenos Aires l became con-
WINGED that certain American firms in
the Argentine are benef1ciaries of this
rebating. These rebates are granted on
but sometimes the rebate is given on
shipment there to Europe.
While this system works no particu-
lar injury to American trade in South
America, yet it is reasonable to assume
that if these vessel companies grant
rebates at one end of their routes they
may, in all likelihood, be rebating at
the other end also. If this be true-if
the British competitors of American
manufacturers are receiving rebates on
their shipments in the South Ameri-
can trade-it would explain why Brit
ish ships leave New York with slim
cargoes, although the published ocean
rates might be the same as those from
England to South American ports.
These are some of the indications
why the American trader should not
attempt to break into the Argentine
market without adequate study of con-
ditions and without adequate financial
backing. The new interest in foreign
trade has caused American agencies
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

that British houses expect to assume
the trade that German competitors
have been forced to drop. To para
phrase: Great Britain has the ships
and she has the statesmen and she has
the money, too, and this combination
will attempt to secure the former Ger
man and Belgian trade. 1t is hard
combination for Americans to over
come.
Especially is this true with respect
to the ships. At no place in South
America Is the need for an American
merchant marine so evident as in the
Argentine. During the debate on the
shipping bill in the last session of
Congress tables were frequently offer
ed to show that the British ships car
rying cargoes between the United
States and South America frequently
leave New York with their holds only
half filled. Therefore, it was argued,
there Is now no compelling need for
American ships.
Americans in Argentina studying the
trade problem admit that British ves-
sells from the United States often come
untitled, but from this they argue that
the British ship lines discriminate in
freight rates against American COM
petitors of British firms. On the other
hand, the vessels of the United States
Steel Corporation, which are common
carriers, invariably reach South Amer
lea with their holds crammed full of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

in Buenos Aires to be bombarded with
letters of inquiry from American
houses who have never explored the
field.
One American business man, who had
resided in Buenos Aires for ten years.
finally grew so weary of replying in
dividually to these letters that he pre-
pared form letter answering his
questioners. In this form letter he
embodied the general advice that any
manufacturer who is unwilling to
spend $4,000 in his Argentine propa-
ganda would better keep out of the
market.
Argentina presents market that 10
already highly exploited by European
traders. The difficulties confronting
American business there particularly
emphasize the importance of devising
permitted" American combinations for
foreign trade. Argentina's develop
ment in the future will some day make
the present appear as the pioneer
period of that nations history.
there, and the future holds great
promise. The time is past when the
American exporter needs to be con-
WINGED of that. The war has greatly
stimulated the demand for American
goods, and has emphasized the ship
ping, banking and other deficiencies
of our trade organization
The thing now which should concern
our business interests is the study
which will develop the proper methods
for getting the business.
Copyright. 1915, by Robert +. WILSON,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

Argentine business. But the Argentine
ihterprets this to mean. cash RENTED
within thirty days after the receipt of
the goods, and not cash within thirty
days after the goods leave the factory.
In the case of American trade this
usually means >ash within ninety days
after the shipment. for it ordinarily
takes sixty days to send goods to the
Argentine. The vanguard of Ameri-
can trade in the Argentine does not see
any obstacle in such an arrangement,
since reputable firms in the United
States are frequently given ninety days
in which to make their payments.
Although the Argentine merchants
have carefully pared their orders to the
minimum within the past few months.
yet the volume of cash business has
been greater than ever before. Where
men were overstocked they have grad
ually reduced the supplies upon their
floors and shelves. The result is that
in Argentina the merchants are be-
coming interested in new stocks. as
prosperity gradually returns to the
country. The situation is ripe f0e the
American salesman.
But Argentina Is no place to begin
foreign business on a shoestring. The
American will have to meet the COM
petition Of European houses Of great
wealth and long establishment. Great
Britain Is the chief competitor, there
being every indication in Argentina
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24
DoPED HORSES.
Whats the matter with him ?"
Hes doped, that's ALL"

w hdl Tic iiidlteT Win MIN
Hes doped, that's ALL"
That's all! But first he is kicked and
beaten and cuffed and dubbed and
cursed and starved. He has stood for
hours under blazing, scorching sun.
or driving, binding sleet. He has
logged YEARLY along in a drenchine
rain. He has faithfully hauled a load
too heavy for him in the face of a raw,
piercing wind-and has gone without
many a meal. But when he has out
grown his usefulness or has sickened
from neglect. though he may have
given years of loyal service, he is not
cared for or decently shot, but he is
doped for sale.
His master gives him dose of gin
ger and whisky mixed with an opiate
This livens him up bit and so in
creases the chance of making an extra
dollar.
This practice is being closely watch
ed by the only friend in uthority dumb
beasts have, the Humane Society. 1t
Is practice resorted to by people of
profound ignorance and poverty, and
others with natures deliberately cruel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

listens to the voice of the sender, who.
sitting in his comfortable chair, gives
the latest news to his partner at sea
IF the wireless equipment of the YES
sci is sufficiently powerful to reach the
shore station, or if it can do so by
means of relays through other vessels
the parties may carry on their. con-
versation as comfortably as though
they were near together on shore
Every one interested in the navy
will want to know the effect of this
new wireless in controlling our war
vessels: for any one can see the pos
sibility of being able to have a talk
from Washington with the commander
OF fleet or Of ship, and it seems
quite possible to equip the vessels to
meet the new conditions.
Another natural inquiry is whether
II A in New York is talking to X in
London any one else can listen in on
the wireless, as is now frequently done
on party wire. The answer is that
this stands just as wireless teIegraphy
does now When radiogram is sent it
is pitched in a certain key, not distin-
guishable by the human ear. but per-
ceptibie only to a receiver pitched in
thf same key to receive the message
Just as the vibration of a tuning fork
will set to vibrating another of the
Same pitch while not affecting others.
although nearer.
very few instruments are tuned to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

In the future, when they speculate, they
will use their net profits and not their
gross receipts. 1t might have been
otherwise except for the war.
In that case the European banks
would probably have found some way
to carry off the business situation, and
the Argentines would have found them
selves deeper than ever in the tolls of
European trade. The task of Ameri-
can trade pioneers would have been
doubly difficult.
We need only to look back over our
own history to realize that the tend
ency of business is in the direction Of
stricter terms Of sale. In our own ex-
perience. before the days Of speedy
transportation. long credits were the
rule in the United States. In modern
times the sellers terms have frightened
Even within the past year there has
been added still further tension. Firms
that year ago gave per cent off for
payment within thirty days have now
ceased to give such discounts. I'm
ques*ionably, similar movement is
being experienced by business in South
America. but the war in Europe gave
it mighty impetus
Cash thirty days" is now an attrac-
tive proposition to the best class OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24
ARMLESS OFFICERS.
,ecial Correspondence of The Star.

special Correspondence oI Inc SUIT
LONDON, October IA, 1915.
THE superhorror of this war is not
the killing. but the manning The
men who have gone out perfect physi-
cal specimens and returned mere hu.
man wreckage, armless. blinded and
legless and deafened. sometimes even
faceless.
In one hospital near EPSON the writer
was told the other day there are more
than 200 officers without arms, Els in
formant is society woman, one OF
many, who goes regularly to read to
these poor souls, as well as to help feed
them. a task that taxes the nursing
staff to the utmost.
A soldier, laid up with a leg wound in
another military hospital, said that he
had attended one concert that was Or
ganiZed there, but that he never would
attend another. The sights he saw
when all the men were collected to-
gether were, he said. too terrible. And
yet he declared, as have many others,
that the most cruelty MANNED were the
cheeriest of all.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

was received at it's destination. In the
long-distance transconttnental tele-
phone now in operation five of these
relay stations are required to provide
sufficient energy to carry the MESSAGE
from New York to San Francisco. II
this could be visualized we would see
the current leaping with great volume
from the first transmftter and growing
less and less until it reached relay
station; thence. with renewed force. 1t
would. although again steadily dimin-
fshins, leap to the next re-energHins
station, and so on. From the last relay
we would see the current. again re-
energized to a suitable volume, leap
into the receiver held by the nearer to
his. ear. through which 1t would dis
charge it's message into the mind of
the individual
This method led to the conception Of
the device for the long-distance wire
less The initial current, with varying
frequency. thrown. with enormous mi
mitter, reaches San Francisco SO d.
minished that 1t cannot be taken by the
ordinary receiver. But with the new.
especially devised apparatus 1t i'm
rent, and thus is transmitted another
long-distanee relay-to Honolulu. for
instance. When thus renewed 1t Is cas-
ily heard over an ordinary telephone
receiver.
ALTHOUGH the naval radio service has
been cooperating with the telegraph
and telephone companies for the past
six months or more and has made many
tests of long-distance sending. 1t was
not until the experiments of Septem-
Der % that the department felt justi-
fed in publishing that long-distance
wireless telegraphy is an accomplished
fact and that it may be used generally
in connection with the ordinary tele-
phone which we all know.
Nevertheless, it must be remembered
that this method Of communication Is
a newly born infant which has not
come by any means to its growth. and
no one can tell into how important a
member of the family he may develop.
He may be very useful and he may
prove unruly. AS seen at present, he
Is very promising, but only known in
spots.
wireless telegraphy is always some
what dependent upon weather and eli
matte conditions and upon static cur
rents-little atmospheric spirits of evil
which so far 1t has been impossible
to drive away.
These states. called by the French,
parasites. are troublesome lot. They
are the particles of electricity sustain
ed In the atmosphere. which eventually
which, discharging itself upon the
earth. produces the bolt of lightning.
These particles. gathering about the
aerials. break their way to the earth.
producing In the receiver an intermit-
tent roaring sound. like water falling.
OF course this interferes with the ra-
diogram to considerable extent. but
obviously the effect of the noise upon
the varying frequency of the wireless
telephone message Is much more Sc
verely felt.
The attention of EXPERTS and in
ventors has for years been directed to
nnding preventive. but none. SO far
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24
BY ROBERT F. WILSON.
Special Correspondence.

Special Correspondence.
6NHE war in Europe cleared the
trade situation in Argentina
Ill for American exporters as
nothing else has ever done, or
perhaps as nothing else could do. I'm
til the outbreak of the war there was
no open door in Argentina for Ameri-
can traders in many of the most i'm
portant lines.
The American could and did sell the
products of his inventive genius al
most without European competition at
ALL but he could not break into the
Argentina market with his great sup
plies of goods which had to compete
with similar articles produced in Eu-
The trade customs of a generation,
developed by the British traders. fore
closed Americans from the market
Americans were unwilling and unable
to comply with these customs, and the
Argentina buyer was not in the market
unless he could receive the concessions
granted to him by the traders of Eu-
rope.
the matter of credit. Even today the
campaign of education being conduct
ed for American foreign trade has not
entirely been able to induce American
exporters to grant the sixty and ninety
days of credit that must be given to
South American merchants.
lima CINE, then, New York exporter
confronted with the demand from an
Argentina buyer for a credit extension
of one, two or even Ave years! It
was an impossible concession for an
American business man to make, and
as a result the rich competitive trade
market of South America was virtually
closed to him.
The war has wiped the slate clean
in this respect. 1t has put an end
among merchants of the better class to
a credit system that any American
business man would call lax. as the
mi1dest Characteristic he could apply
to it The war has ended. long credits
in Argentina, and from this command
ing nation the new business attitude
will undoubtedly spread to the con-
sentative. reliable houses of the other
republics
The progress of this development is
one of the most interesting phases OF
the present trade situation. The ex-
porters of Europe had nothing to do
with the change; in fact. they are still
willing to continue the easy credit ar
rangements. The Argentina merchants
themselves are responsible for the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

cash in hand and no due bills to meet
for several months. took the gross pro-
ceeds from his merchandising and in
vested in real estate or stocks.
La Crisis" today is one Of the most
familiar terms heard in Latin Amer
lea. 1t Is our hard times. but the
Latins have given it sort of per-
sonality. as though it were a monster.
always mentioned in the discussion of
business. La Crisis has most of the
South American countries in its blight
Ing grip today, frequently because of
by the war. But la Crisis" descend
ed upon Argentina several months be-
fore the outbreak of the war, and the
changed business conditions are the
result.
Stock valuations dropped, and the
bottom Nstraightway fell out of the real
estate market. In the spring of 1914
the merchants of Buenos Aires found
themselves holding large quantities of
depreciated. unstable real estate in
lieu of funds to meet their bills COM
ing due in September. Many Of them,
also. relying on the con tirfuation Of the
BOOM had overstocked and were un-
able to move the residue of their goods
1t is nothing short of the truth to
say that Argentina was facing gen.
eral bankruptcy. The banks them
selves were in shaky, condition. except
the few that had not been tempted
from conservative ways. One great
foreign bank in Buenos Aires failed,
and the examination of it's books dis
closed scandalous condition which
still casts its cloud upon the trade Of
the European nation which placed the
bank in Argentina. Other foreign
banks found themselves with bad loans
on their hands.
The outbreak of war in Europe alb
solutely saved the situation for the
merchants of Argentina. At first 1t APP
peared that the war would give the
final impetus to national disaster. but
the very opposite became true. Ar
gentina followed the example of many
other nations in declaring a mora
forum, which. with its extensions,
continued for several months, The
merchants caught by the collapse of
the boom were thus given a new lease
of life.
Europe began calling heavily upon
Argentina for war EMBELLISHMENTS
grain and horses. Gold began pouring
into Buenos Aires. The funds were on
merchants. When the moratorium A.
naHy expired the merchants were able
TO meet their obligations. y
They have had their lesson, and they
have prof1ted by 1t. In the future, long
credits will have no attractions for
conservative Argentine business men.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24
Her Fourth.

r. LIHU ROOT. at a luncheon in Albany.
u talked about the veracity of wit
nesses
1T is so remarkable after ALL" he said,
that a good many witnesses will lie?
Once, in an Albany court, lady wit
ness veracity was seriously impugned.
She took the thing very hard. She shout
ed at the cross-eXamining lawyer:
u want you to know, sir, that I've
never told but three lies in my life'
And this one makes the fourth? said
the lawyer"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

nn7s this Capt. Billiard of the radio
OSU station? This is the Western
Union Telegraph Company.
q New York Office, and we want
IN sneak to the Emperor of Japan. Con-
meet US, please.
radio station. What is the mikado,s
wireless telephone number? cannot
make the connection until you give me
his number"
This is the substance Of joking con-
yersation which actually occurred on
the morning of September 80. the day
after it was announced that the presi-
dent of the American Telegraph and
Telephone Company. speaking in New
York city over wire and by wireless.
had been heard in San Francisco and
in Honolulu: and had been answered by
long di stance telephone from the ex-
treme west of our continent by J. j.
Carly, chief expert electrical engineer
of the telephone line.
This jocular call for the Emperor.
OF Japan seems. rather visionary" said
Capt W. H. q. Billiard. but II is by
no means improbable that in the next
few years such a call may be taken as
a matter Of course. -
For long time the telephone conr-
pany in conjunction with the Western
Electric has been conducting expert
ments in long distance telephony; and
during the past year they have 30 ex-
tended the range of the voice over the
wires that 1t has become easy for New
York and San Francisco to talk back
and forth to each other on the trans
continental line. During the past six
months experiments in wireless teleg-
raphy have been conducted in conJurG-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24
All Ready.

NENRY FORD hailed at dinner in
+" his native Dearborn the advent of
wave of prosperity.
"A wave of prosperity" he said, "a
vast tidal wave of prosperity is sweeping
down upon us
The great captain of industry laughed
gayly.
Let 1t come" he said I'VE can all
SWIM"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

I'm the plain, everyday telephone a
diaphragm in the transmitter vibrating
In correspondence with the speakers
voice is designed to and does vibrate a
corresponding diaphragm contained in
the receiver in exact unison with the
nrst. and this in turn reproduces the
SOUND OF the speakers voice upon the
listeners organs of hearing.
To effect a transfer of the human
voice by means of the wireless tele-
phone the current must be made to
change Its frequency to exactly corre-
spond with the number Of vibrations
by the voice, and this. by ingenious de-
vices. was accomplished several years
ago. although the results have not
lance.
The essential features of the present
achlevement are the sending of these
Vibrations over a wire to the radio
lwlreiess) station, whence the current
Is automatically taken and transmitted
over the intervening space Of $500
miles over land and sea to the San
francisco station. There it is taken
up ny the apparatus and transferred to
the telephone receiver
The difficulty of sending a MESA pe
long distance by wireless will be
more evident IL we consider that the
Hiertzian waves travel In every direc-
In space. SO that by the time the wave
sent from Arlington reaches San Fran
cisco the current has less than a mil
Month of its initial power
To understand just how the messag e
Is sent over this great radius, making
really a long distance wireless tele.
phone. we will have to go back to the
transcontinental message over the tele
phone wire
The initial current does not carry
the vibrations all the way to San Fran
cisco unaided. 1t has been found pos
sible to re-energize the failing current
from intervening electric power sta
tions, the idea being that the current,
weakening with distance on the wire,
Is led through a fitting device to inn
press itself upon the fresh current,
which carries 1t with renewed energy
on its destination.
X F-..
This process led to the extension of
the current through a series of recon-,
ergizing stations until the message
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

spoken message heard in the ordinary
way.
In the recent experiment the words
were automatically converted into
wireless messages and heard by both
San Francisco and Honolulu; the lat
ter. not being equipped to telephone an
answer. sent word by cable that they
bad been received. AS the distance to
San Francisco is $500 miles. and about
as much more to Honolulu. 1t is certain
tons the telephone message can be