davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
The John Street Improvement Ass n
Passes Resolutions Against Safety Director Holiness
of VIM Cooper Proctor E. w. Eduuard
Safety Director They Haue No Dealing
Endorsement tof The Position

Gloom, dark and somber, overspread
the meeting of the John Street I'm
provement, Welfare and General-Do-
Your r-NeighborGood Association when
the members were called to order Fri
day evening by Reverand Mr.. Johnsing
and the regular weekly meeting of this
got down to business. Not only was the
atmosphere impregnated with individual
depression, which appeared to envelope
the members, but this feeling OF sadness
appeared to have spread and to have en-
President Johnsing being in a most
Peevish mood Evidently things had not
been breaking right with the colored
folks, and none were surprised when the
president announced there was no busi-
ness before the meeting, 'tother den jes
er few marks from de cher" Mr.
Johnsing spoke as follows
"When de time comes dat it am de
duty OBJ de presidin officer OBJ dis socia-
ton to dulge in rale plane talk, All am
shore glad dat you members showed
soun Judgment when yo chose de pres
ent incumbint. 1t has grived me power
full to see de way de great questions
what am now confrontin' de people ov
dis city, am shapin dey selbs and All
mus raise de voice OBJ de colored people
OBJ de town again dis danger what am
confrontin us. Yo has noticed dat dis
here Cunol Proctor en- Mister Edwards,
one OF dem bein de biggest maker oh
soap in de worl, and de oder de maker
OBJ fre-pruf stuff, togedder wild some
udder big bizness men, has done gone
and went up Ell axed Mister Holmes to
hol on to de job OBJ Salty Director.
Now All jes wants to say dis am not
rite, en- All doan bleve des big bizness
men hes got no right to nose eroun en-
meddle wild dis here kin OBJ biznes. 1t
am jes dis kin OBJ meddlin dat de colored
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
CONGRESS CONVENES DEC. 6

Washington, d. C.-The first session
OF the Sixty-fourth Congress convenes
Monday, December 6. Among the list
of legislative enactments the American
Federation OF Labor will urge is the
following:
immigration restriction.
Empowering States to regulate the
admission OF goods manufactured by
convicts in other States.
Prohibiting importation OF goods
manufactured in whole or in part by
convicts of foreign countries.
Preventing interstate transportation
of goods in which the labor of children
under certain ages is employed
Compensation act for District OF
Columbia workers.
Compensation act for Federal en-
ployes extended and liberalized.
Compensation for railroad employees
engaged in interstate commerce.
Amend the hours OF service (railroad
mems 16-hour) law, with a minimum
penalty provision incorporated.
Eight hours for interstate railroad
telegraphers.
A liberal and comprehensive indus
trial education bill.
Additional safety laws, and placing
the enforcement of same under the jur-
sdiction OF the United States Depart
ment of Labor
Old-age pensions and retirements.
The above list OF ma jor demands
does not include declarations by the A.
+. of L. San Francisco convention.
Legislative representatives of the
railroad brotherhoods have arrived in
the city and opened headquarters.
These officials, together with officials
OF the American Federation OF Labor
will, as usual, act in unison on all ques-
tions of interest to the toilers.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
UNORGANIZED OBJECT
TO INCESSANT TOLL

Washington, d. C.-Street car men
in the nations capital are unorganized,
and conditions OF these workers are such
that they are writing anonymous COM
plants to the public utilities commission,
which has given the letters no considera-
ton on the ground that they were not
signed. Probably the commission over
looks the fact that the nonunionists
have no protection and do not dare sign
their names. One writer, to emphasize
the need for action declared that Sam
uel Gompers will be appealed to if condi-
tions are not bettered." Later it was
announced that the commission may de-
part from its usual custom OF ignoring
unsigned letters and undertake an inves-
tigation OF the matter-if inferior service
results from long hours
In one of the complaints this insight
into nonunion conditions is given:
Substitutes are often required to re-
port at 1 80 or ) 80 a. m, only to learn
that there is no ruin for them at that
time. They then are compelled to re-
turn at noon, when they may or may not
get anything to do. Or perchance they
may get late run, gong OFT duty at
2 a. m, and being compelled to report
for duty again in a couple of hours thus
not allowing sufficient time to go home
| for rest. Some of the men, on account
OF the shortness OF the periods off duty,
are actually compelled to snatch two or
three hours OF disturbed sleep on the
benches in the car barn and then start
on another run.
"This condition is not temporary, but
permanent, and it is submitted that no
human being. working under such cir
cumstances, can possibly perform his
duties in an efficient manner. Because of
the extraordinary care demanded of a
motorman on street railways in subserv-
ing the public safety and avoiding acci-
dents, they should not be compelled to
work from twelve to sixteen hours a day
and make runs with intermissions of two
or three hours sleep and rest
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
SIX-HOUR DAY IS PROPOSED
Under Discussion at Federation of
Labor Meeting.

San Francisco.-The proposal to elimi
nate certain trades from the building
trades department OF the American Fed
Grafton of Labor was one of the princi-
pal matters before the ninth annual ses-
sion of the department here last week
The delegates also had before them for
discussion resolution providing for an
investigation to determine when a siX-
hour day can be established in place of
an eight-hour day. Advocates of the res
olution contend that shortened hours of
labor is the only remedy for conditions
caused by the invention of machinery
making it increasingly harder for work.
ing people to continue in steady employ
ment as shown by the large number OF
unemployed at all times OF the year"
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
L. $. MAY VIOLATE PATENT
LAWS.

New York-Federal Judge Hough
has ruled that the government has a
right to make temporary use OF any de
vice on which it has granted patent,
and that the patentee can not secure an
Injunction. The decision was given in
the case of wireless telegraph COM
pany against Emil ]. Simon, a radio
engineer Judge Hough said:
The Navy Department has employ
ed Simon to construct radio apparatus,
without which certain war vessels now
approaching completion can not go into
commission, II Simon does not COM
plete his work an injury to the naval
arm of he government will result
Therefore no injunction will issue"
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
BLACKLISTED MINER WINS.

Bonneville, Ark.-Michael Broshears,
a miner, has won his case against the
Deimcl Coal Company, OF Dewar,
Okla, which is ordered to pay the
miner full compensation for every day
the mine worked from November 27,
1914, to April l, 1915, Broshears al
legged he was blacklisted by the COM
pany. The case has been before num-
erous arbitration boards and commits
sions, and was finally settled when Judge
Evans, of this place, acting as third
member OF the latest board, declared in
favor of the miner.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
FAVOR A MERCHANT MARINE.

San Francisco, Cal.-The A. +. OF
L. Convention has declared for mer-
chant marine that will not be maintain
ed by private parties, subsidized by the
government, but through the creation
OF shipping board empowered to build
or purchase vessels for the government,
for service in the foreign trade in times
of peace and for effective naval auXil-
aries in times OF war, 1t is further de-
clared that on these ships safety for
travellers and freedom for seamen
should be guaranteed.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
PROMISED FREE BOARD.

Wilmington, Del.-Employer OF ma
chinists in this city refuse better work
ing conditions to their union worknen,
but they can give free board and lodging
to strike breakers. This was shown by
striking machinists, who have made pub
lie a blank form strike-breakers sign,
and which states that Il understand l
am to receive free board and lodging
for as long a time as the company deems
it necessary"
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
MINIMUM WAGE.

Aberdeen, Wash.-The city council
has passed an ordinance which fixes the
minimum wage OF all city employees at
$3.50 for an eight-hour day. Municipal
contractors and sub-contractors must
pay this rate. also.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
BREWERS TO ASK INCREASES.

Cincinnati, O.-Unions of brewery
workers in this city are preparing scale
of higher wages, which will be presented
to employers. 1t is proposed that the
scale run for period of four years.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
PICTURE OPERATORS GAIN.

Indianapolis - The Moving Picture
Operators Union has signed contract
with the Motion Picture Exhibitors As
sociation. Wages are increased 81 for
night work and from $1.5O to So for day
work Operators working from 10 a. m,
till II p. m. shall receive $23 a week, and
those working from noon till IL p. m.
shall receive $23 week An arbitration
clause is included, as are strong pro-
visions governing fire prevention.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04

Officials of the Moving
Picture Operators Union report that
there are less than half dozen motion
picture theatres in this city that have re-
fused to sign their new scale, which is
agreed to by IS houses These signatures
mean an additional $1,000 year to the
movie" operators.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04

USE JOHNSTON'S DULL KOTE
PAINT. 1t dries perfectly fiat without
lustre, washed and cleaned like tile
Color folder free Buy it from your
dealer, or
THE II. +. JOHNSTON PAINT CO.,
Pearl and Main Sts., Cincinnati, o.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1915-12-04
EIGHT-HOUR LAW UPHELD.

Austin, Tex.-The Court OF Criminal
Appeals has declared that the Texas
eight-hour law is constitutional. A con-
tractor was convicted in the BeXar
County courts for violating this law, on
complaint of the State Labor Depart
ment, and the decision was made on this
appeal, which the Supreme Court re-
jects. 1t holds that the Texas law is
similar to legislation declared valid by
the United States Supreme Court.
Everett, Wash-L. B. Willard, a
night watchman, sued a Tacoma paving
company for overtime, under the State
eight-hour law. He testified he worked
fourteen hours day instead OF eight,
as the law requires. The company as
sured the court that this was the first
time this question has been raised dur
ing all its years in the paving business,
and that it was customary to work
watchmen from daylight to daylight
Superior Court Judge Ralph was not
impressed with this defense, and after
quoting the law, ordered the company
to pay Willard $12375
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-08-06
FIRST YEAR OF WAR
IN THE EAST

The first twelvemonth of fighting
between the Russians on one side and
the Austrians and Germans on
the other is story of great changes
of fortune, both combatants being re-
peatedly driven back only to show
the greatest rcsiliency in defeat and
soon to resume the offensive in a most
surprising manner.
The end of the year, however, finds
the pendulum swinging strongly
against the czar He may recover
and take again the roads to Cracow,
Vienna and Berlin, but just at pres
ent he is on the whole In worse plight
than in any hour since the war
started.
Russia's losses in the first year OF
the war are not approached by those
of any nation in any war of history.
According to reliable estimates, she
has had between $500, 600 and 4,00O,-
600 men killed, injured and captured.
Despite these horrible gaps made in
her ranks, she still has millions in
the field, and her great reservoir of
personnel does not show signs of ex-
haustion. 1t is not men she lacks, but
guns, shells and brains.
Slow to Mobilize.
On August /, 1914, Germany de-
ciared war on Russia Almost imme-
diately the Germans crossed the from
tier at Thorn and the Austrians south
of Lublin. They were practically un-
opposed because of the sIowness of
mobilization ia Russia. Tho Grand
Duke Nicholas Nicholaievitch was
forced to gather his main armies we'll
to the rear of the line of great fort
resses running through Kovno, Grod-
no. Ossowetz. Novo Georgievsk, War
saw and Ivangorod
On account of his desire 60 do all
he could to relieve the French. who
were being driven from northern
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-08-06

Flanders. Whether these should be
accounted successes for the allies is
doubtful. The British suffered enor-
nous losses and at Neuve Chapelle
bungled affairs to the extent of she'll
ing their own men who had taken Ger
man trenches. In other cases they
left gallant little parties lodged in
enemy's trenches without supports to
be annihilated.
The next development was the un-
expected use of poisonous gas fumes
by the Germans in attacks Just north
of Ypres. With this novel weapon
they succeeded in taking several small
villages and more than compensating
for the British gains south of Ypres.
The losses of the French, Canadians
and British were severe, bat they sue
ceeded in stemming the German on.
slaught effectively a few miles back
from their former position.
Begin Series of Attacks.
The German line makes a salient at
scissors, though not such pro-
nounced one as at St. Mihiel The
French now began a series of at.
tacks on the upper side of this salient.
to the north of Arras Expending hun
dreds of thousands of shells, they time
and again blasted away the barbed
wire entanglements and concrete
trenches, held by Grown Prince Rup-
precht of Bavaria's men, and then
charged across the desolate ground for
slight gains.
The fighting centered about the SUI
gar refinery of Souchez and the great
German work called the Labyrinth
Fighting went on in cellars and tun-
nels below the earth and the casual
ties were heavy, The French bent the
German line and captured the LADY
rinth, but whether the gains justified
their sacrifice in human life is CUES
tionable
| In July, Crown Prince Frederick
Williams army attacked in the Ar.
| gonne forest, west of Verdun, and
succeeded in gaining several hundred
yards of shattered woodland and cap
turing several thousand Frenchmen.
There were rumors that the Ger
mans were reinforcing for another
great drive toward Calais or Paris,
but the Teutonic campaign in the
West continued to wait upon the
crushing Of the much weaker enemy
in Poland.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-08-06

French were obliged to fall back rap
idly to the line of the River Marine.
On the left the French had with
drawn to below Paris and the western
most German army. under Won KlucB,
followed.
The garrison of Paris was put in
thousands of motor cars and hurled on
Won Kluck's flank. The latter was not
taken entirely unawares and met the
attack strongly, but at the same time
the army of General Foch attacked the
German army on Won Kluck's left and
drove it back.
Driven Back From Paris.
The Germans had begun the battle
with FIVE armies in line The with
drawal of the two farthest west now
caused the retreat OF the third, fourth
and fifth in that order, each in turn
finding its flank exposed by the with.
drawal Of the troops on its right. At
the same time the movement on the
east end of the German line was ac-
CELEBRATED by strong attack from the
French fortified zone of Verdun.
The German retreat was as orderly
rs that of the French and English had
been The invaders took up an ad-
mirable defensive position. 1t ran
Just north of the Aisne river, on a
series of bluffs, then just north of
Chalons and through the wooded,
rough regions of the Argonne and the
Woevre, joining hands here with the
troops besieging Verdun. The allies
have tried this line in vain ever since.
Both combatants now tried to turn
the west flank. Enormous bodies of
cavalry On the part of the French
Flanders. On the part of the French
there was largely the desire to link up
with the Belgians. now being attacked
in Antwerp. The mighty siege guns
OF the Germans made short work of
the Belgian seaport, however. and it
fell on October 8. The remnants of
the Belgian army retreated along the
sea coast and the Germans in a final
rush reached ostend October 15).
Line Extended to the Sea.
The battle line of the Aisne was now
extended to the sea, the Germans hold
ing the important French city of Lille
while the allies kept Ypres in Belgium
and, partly by flooding the lowlands
held the position of the User river an6
canal
From October 16 to November II
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-08-06

the hortir thinking to take H.
ing Russians in flank with ~ p1'sa'
ern section. But the Austrians sun
TOO SLOW to carry out the field rn e's
shais plans and the Russians I 10
ping into a gap in the lines ho.u sup
the Germans and their allies s,a.s
tered the latter. The resul. was 81
nign tide of Russian invasion ~ e
Austrians withdrew over the co ue
thians again, leaving Przemvs, - 70
Desieged a second time. Tba W
mans withdrew to Silesia and the ppa
slams. following closely. were aS Ss
for brief moment to raid mis- -,"t
province at Pleschen. At the Gov" Su
time they entered East Pruosie
again. 0''A
But again the German stratou,.
railways proved their undoing ne"
denburg concentrated at Thorn ans
drove into the right flank of the Dr.
sian main forces, throwing them bonL
on Lodz. OA
He advanced too far. however ma
when he had the Russian forces noar
ly surrounded, he suddenly found Rms
slams in his own rear. In this Az
tremity, the Russians say. he telo
graphed for re-enforcements
But before the Reinforcement.
sent from Flanders arrived the Ger
mans had managed at frightful cos
to hack their way to safety. This Wa,
the bloody battle of LODI.
Wins Second Victory.
With stronger German forces opno,
ing them the Russians withdrew
the line of Bzura, Rawa and MD,
rivers. At the same time the Ans
trians, attempting to debouch from
the Carpathian passes, were drive,
back everywhere. leaving $4,000 pris
oners.
With January Hindenburg made
third desperate attack on Warsaw
For ten days, both night and day III,
Germans came on. Then. having Inst
probably $4,000 men and the Russian,
nearly as many, they gave it up.
Unable to reach Warsaw, Hindenbur,
concentrated twice Sievers force IN
East Prussia, and won his second
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-08-06

was fought the desperate first battle
of Ypres, when the Germans suffered
enormous losses in attempts to break
through the line in Flanders and reach
Calais. They succeeded in pushing
back the allies only a little and the
invasion Of Silesia by the Cossacks
finally induced them to desist and
send re-enforcements to Russia.
The Germans in September had per-
formed the feat of pushing a salient
into the French line south of verdun,
which terminated on the west bank of
the Mouse river at st. Mihiel; while
the French had taken the offensive
with some success in Champagne at
about the same time.
For the most part throughout the
winter the fighting consisted of regu-
lar siege warfare, with heavy artillery
combats and mine and counter-mine
The flooding of the River Aisne
from winter SHOWS gave the Germans
chance to entrap the French troops
on the north side of that river in the
vicinity Of Scissors for considerable
distance and kill or capture most of
them January 14).
Take Offensive In Spring.
With the spring, the French and
English attempted to take the offensive
at several points. Always preparing
the way with tens or hundreds of thou
Stands OF shells, they tried Joint after
joint of the German armor.
In the Vosges the dominating height
of Hartmannsweilerkopf was taken
and retaken several times in sanguin-
airy charges and finally remained In the
hands of the French.
The salient of St. Mihiel was also
subjected to tremendous French pres
sure on both legs" The French sue
ceeded in gaining a little ground, but
the Germans, despite the apparent
weakness of the sharp wedge they had
driven into the French line, could not
be dislodged and later succeeded in re-
gaining some of the territory they had
lost.
The British also reported victories
at Neuve Chapeile and Hin No. 60, in
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-08-06
FIGHTING ON THE SEA

At the end of the first year
of war not a German fighting
craft, except submarines, is
known to be at large outside
the Baltic sea. The Austrian
warships are confined to the up
per Adriatic and the Turkish
fleet to the Sea of Marmora
and adjacent STREETS. The mer-
chant marine of the central
European powers has disap-
peared utterly from the ocean
highways. Sixty million dol
lars worth of German shipping
lies idle in the docks of New
York, while several times as
much is bottled up elsewhere.
At the same time the German
submarines have inflicted enor-
nous losses of allied shipping.
While both sides have prob
ably concealed many losses,
the following is a fairly accu-
date summary Of the number
of craft which have been de-
stroyed:
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-08-06

May Sherman submarine sinks the
Lusitania, more than I,I50 lost. Rus
slams In full retreat from Carpa-
thfans.
May s-Germans capture Libau Baltic
May I2-French capture Ceremony,
north of Arras, mt great cost.
May I4-Amertean first submarine mote
May. 24-ItaIy declares war ON Aus
trfa.
May 2e-ItaIians Invade Austria.
May z9-Italians take Grodno. Russians
check Germans Mt Sienawn.
May S1--First GeI.nan note ON subma-
rine reaches Washington. ZeppeIins
drop bombs in London.
june S-Prxemysl falls to AustrO-Ger-
mans.
June 10-Germans capture stanisIau.
June 11-SecOnd U. 5. submarine note
to Germany made public. Italians
take MOnfalcone.
June 12-Italians take Gradisca.
June 19--Austro-Germans occupy Tor
june 22-French take MetxeraI.
June I3-FPench announce occupation
o. tne "Labyrinth,r north of Arras.
June z4--Aussro-Germans capture Lem
at HaIicx.
June 29-HalIcz falls.
July 2-Russfans defeat German at
tempt to land at Wfndau.
July 3-Russo-Germnn nav.s battle of
Cortland.
July 4--ItaIians take TOsminO.
July 5--Berlin announces gains I'm the
Arg0nne forest.
July 16-Germans take Przasnysx, so
miles north of Warsaw.
July le-Germans advance at many
points In Russia. taking Windau, Tu-
kun: Blonde and Grobec.
July 2O-Russians report sinking of 50
turkish sailing vessels. German
guns reach outer forts of Warsaw
and damage the Lubltn-ChOlm rail-
way.
July 2l-Third u. $. submarine note
goes to Germany.
July 22-Turkfsh-Germ expedItfOu
landed in Tripoli.
July 24-German take two forts near
Warsaw.
July 26--Russfans repuIse Austrians i'm
GaIfcia.