davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1915-10-28

toists far outin the country, over
took the party, and his compan-
ions were not able to watch with
him while he crawled beneath the
machine, but they slumbered and
slept, and sometimes he ham,
mered loud, but only snores were
the responses from those whom
he was hauling.
Mr.. Oliver has established a
record for long and sleepless
driving. He and his brother were
coming home to spend Sunday
with their families. They are
now engaged in road construction
in Middle Tennessee.
Mr.. and Mrs. Brown came here
for a visit with Mrs. Browns sis
ter, Mrs. T. B. Howard and fam
lily.
Mr.. divers car has funny
habits. The engine would not
pull the car up some of the steep
hills which they climbed when it
run front end first. When it
baked, he turned it around, re-
versed the mechanism and back
ed up.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1915-10-28
BinfeH
School Very
Progressive
Parent-Teachers Associa-
tiOn Formed to Improv e
School.

The Binfield school is one OF
the most progressive schools of
the county. A parent-teachers'
association has been organized,
and extensive Improvements in
the school are planned. Miss Ada
Henry is principal of the school,
and it is largely due to her efforts
that so much interest has been
manifested by the patrons of the
institution. The officers of the
association are:
President, Mrs. Ruth Hale.
Vice-President, Mrs. w. E.
Brown.
Secretary Treasurer, Mis- 5
Ada Henry.
Meeting are held semi-monthly.
Efforts are now being made to
raise money for a school library,
and also to improve the school
grounds. It is hoped to clear off
the grounds and put them in such
shape that the children can play
on them.
Another ambition of the asso-
citation is to secure a new school
building. The present building
is a one room structure, and one,
teacher has charge of 70 pupils,
who are enrolled in all grades
from the kindergarten through
the eighth, ready for the High
school. No teacher can do her
self or her pupils justice when
she has so many pupils and so
many grades, and the patrons
realize this. The consolidated
schools is one of the solutions of
the one-room one-teacher insti.
tions.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1915-10-28

More than $4,000 loss and
damage was suffered by G. J..
Callahan, Herman Reuter-, Hines
Brothers, and other Main street
merchants by fire Tuesday
morning. Four buildings were
completely destroyed. These
were the bakery, the residence
adjoining, the store house OF
C. J. Callahan, and a pool room
to the rear of the bakery building.
It is thought the fire had its
origin the oven room.
The blaze was discovered
by Adlai Striplin, Milt Harper,
Ed Long and others who had
been 'possum hunting. Pistol
shots, whistles, and other dis
turbances awakened the citizens
of the town, and in a little while
several hundred men and women
had gathered at the fire, fighting
to confine the blazes to the bakery
building. However, the flames
leaped to the residence, which
was frame, and the heat from
the burning bakery building
ignited the store house of Mr..
Callahan, and soon one solid mass
of flames was doing it's destructive
work, and it looked as if the fire
had gotten beyond the control of
fire fighters.
Heroic work by a bucket brig
ade saved the home of E. L.
Webb, adjoining the residence
that was destroyed. Mr.. Webb's
home caught fire three times. q
hole was chopped through the
roof, and by keeping the roof
and walls wet with water, and
blanketing the building with wet
quilts, it was not damaged to any
great extent.
The wooden frames, porches,
etc., in the rear of the stores of
Timmons, McCammon & Co., Joe
Reagan, and Clark & Teffeteller,
were torn away, thus preventing
the fire spreading to these build
ings, which are brick, and per-
haps cutting them. The stock
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1915-10-28
Knoxville Market 5ad,
Cooke Ccuntian Brings
Apples To MaryOile
And Sells Them Quickly
Noah Webb Drives About 14O Miles To Dispose OF
40 Bushels of Appes-They Bring 80 Cents And
$1.OO Per Bushel, According To Kind

After having driven from
Cosby, in Cooke county, right
over next to the boundary line of
the state, Noah Webb arrived in
Knoxville, 81 miles from home,
and found the market so flooded
with apples, and prospects for
selling his fruit, so poor, that he
hied away to Maryville to dispose
of his apples. He arrived here
Saturday at l o'clock. In his old
fashioned wagon were 40 bushels
of apples, some of the finest seen
on the local market this season.
Buyers jumped at the opportunity
of getting this fruit, and at 5
o'clock, his wagon was empty.
He sold a bushel every six minutes
Mr.. Webb travelled 70 miles
from his home to Maryville, and
the return trip was seventy,
making a total distance of lao
miles Travelled to sell 40 bushels
of apples. One variety of his
fruit was sold at 80 cents per
bushel, and another at 81 per
bushel.
This is the second time, within
our knowledge, that mountain
men have taken apples to Knox
vile this season, and not finding
a market there have come to
Maryville and disposed of them.
There are a good many ways by
which folks are finding out
Maryville is a better town than
Knoxville, anyway.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1915-10-28

of Mr.. Reagan and much of that
of Timmons & McCammon were
removed. Their largest damage
comes from water and the re-
moval of their goods.
A large part of Mr.. Callahan's S
stock was saved. 1t has been re-
moved to the basement of the
new Bank of Blount County
building.
The frame buildings occupied
by R. A. Sullinger's garage and
Walker George & Co. were threat
ened, and it was through the eff
forts of a bucket brigade that
these were saved. The paint on
the fronts was burned off, wind
ows were broken by the intense
heat, and water damage resulted.
The Gem theater building, which
is also a frame structure, appear
ed as if it might be licked up by
the flames, but it was saved.
The windows and front of Henry's
5 and 10 store were damaged.
The Park City fire engine was
hurried to Maryville, but it ar
rived after the fire had been got
ten under control, but threw
streams of water upon the
smouldering debris.
Had a stiff wind been blowing,
the frame structures on the west
side of Main street occupied by
Sullinger, Walker-George Co., the
Gem theatre, DR.. A. B. McTeer,
Pressley's store and Kidd's bar
bar shep would have been cleim-
ed by the flames. Had these
Continued to page 4
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1915-10-28
HALLOWEEN
ENTERTAINMENT

A Halloween entertainment
will be given at Binfeld school
Friday night, October 20, for the
benefit of the school library fund.
An admission of 5 cents for chill
dren and 10 cents for adults will
be charged. A very interesting
and entertaining program has
been prepared, and the public is
invited. Miss Ada Henry is teach
er of this school.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1915-10-28
Box Supper At
Mentor November A

There will be a Box Supper
given by the Mentor school at
the school house at Mentor Thurs
day night November 4th 1915.
Everybody is invited to come and
bring a box. Proceeds for the
benefit of a library.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1915-10-28

strong conservative bank that considers the
needs and meets all reasonable requirements of it's
customers.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1915-10-28
More Than $25, 900 Loss and Damage by Fire

Three Main Street Buildings Destroyed Early Tues
day Morning Bakery Residence, and Store of
c. J. Callahan Other Buildings Damaged
Fire Fighters Did Heroic WOrk--LOss Would Have
Been Small Had MaryviIIe Had Chemical Engine.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
FOUND DEAD IN CANAL.
POCKETS INSIDE OUT
Robert Nrlli>. Nephew of II. II.
Benedict. Either Slain
or Suicide.

FoHr IN.AIN. y Y. July ls.-The
body - Robert Nells. - was found
IN IN" Err" Canal TINS morning. He
was ct nephew Of Iicury Harucr Bene-
dict, a director Of the bennington Type
writer Company. The authorities don't
know whether Nclis. committed suicide
or WAS murdered.
Nclils WIS last seen alive about II
o'clock last night. When his body was
taken from the canal this morning Il,
was bruised. his clothing was torn and
the pockets OF his trousers turned inside
out. Later his money aud valuables
were found at his home, but this didn't
clear mp the mystery of how Ncll,S met
his death To- the substitution OF the
police.
II was known that Nollis had broodcd
Toy several years over the accidental
killing Of An unidentified man. which
occurred while Ncllls was living ON (,
farm a few miles from here. About
midnight one night he discovered the
mar trying to get into his house. He
shot and killed hu instantly, The
mans body WAS never identified. al.
though Nrllis was completely exon
Grated.
Immediately after THIS he left the
farm and came here, but he never
seemed to free his mind Of Respondent
thoughts over the killing. |, is thought
this may have caused HIM to commit
suicide.
lie IL survived by his widow, daugh-
ter II a brother, George II. Nellis,
manager IN New York city for the MINI
ueSota Cooperative Diaries Association
Of 3iS Greenwich avouUe.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
COAST GUARDSMEN
REAL SOLDIERS NOW
Eighth Command. Back From
Fort Wright, Had Two
Weeks Hard Work.
USED SuB-CALIBRE GUNS

The Eighth Coast Defence Command,
n. G. y. Y. had a hard lime getting
back yesterday from two weeks excr-
else at Fort H q Wright. on Fishers
Island, off New London. Conn
The Fall River Line steamship Mo-
ha wk took ten hours to make the seven
hour trip because of new engines. and
three-quar,ers of an hour more to dock
Mt Ninety-sixth street and the East River.
Then a company of the command had to
force back off the pier Il crowd OF 5000,
mostly small boys. before the remainder
could disembark and form.
Once ashore, however. the sunburned
men made quick work Of the march TO
their armory at Ninety-fourth street and
Park avenue. The 733 officers and men
swung along briskly as the band played
When johnny Comes Marching Home
and the myriad small boys skipped along
beside the khaki clad ranks crying
"Lemme carry yer u mister"
Once in the armory. however. the
citizen cannoneers were swallowed up In
a wave Of admiring friends and rela-
ttveS, ANXIOUS to near All ABOUT tncir
two weeks under canvas. AZ col FL
more +. Austin told II, he exercises were
a great success. except that u fog arose
OH Wednesday and stayed long enough
to prevent full calibre artillery practice
with Fort Wrights IL inch disappear
ing guns and mortars.
w had plenty of subcalibr" prac-
tice." he said. W. used "A pyramid
target on a tug. judging accuracy by the
splash when the shell hit the water. The
results were satisfactory. but we couldn't
get as good loading practice az with a
fun charge. of cours 1t was good
farming for gun pointers and range
finders. though.
THE subcalihre shells carried only
$500 yards instead OF the eight TO twelve
thousand of a full charge. the kind we
would use in defending New York from
attack. Then we had infantry drill
every afternoon, besides signal drill.
first aid drill and powder blending praC-
tice. II was hard work all the time. but
the men did splendidly, Reveillc was at
6 In the morning and taps at II AT night.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
TWO FIREMEN FIGURE
IN ROBBERY CHARGES
One Accused of Holdup-Silk
Taken From Building
While 1t Is Afirc.

Two hremen figured in police court
cases yesterday. ON" or them was
charged with highway robbery COM
mitted while In uniform. and the other
was charged with having been an acces-
sorry to the theft Of l.5io yards Of silk
from a building in which he as n mem
her OF the department was fighting a
fire.
John d. Cooney. % years old, OF l2ts
ST. Marks avenue. Brooklyn. WAS held
in $1,000 bail for examination by Mag
ietrate Ten Eyck IN Inrkville court on
the complaint OF Richard Trinkle OF
kenvil. y. j., who accused Cooney OF
having held him up and robbed him Of
n watch and $40 In the hallway OF "A
saloon at . Fourth avenue carly yester-
day morning, tooncy was wearing his
Uniform at the time and there were
three other men with him. Trinkle said.
The other case was that OF George
Drakos, a fruit stand own + N West
Houston and Mercer streets. who was
held In $1,000 bail by Magistrate Cobb
In jefferson Market court on a charge
Of acting in concert with JOIN :. Fer
rick, a fireman of Hook and Ladder 20.
and stealing $3.50 worth OF silk from the
Siop VI MAN N'lIh'lE at . ''IN'I
street on June %. The police say that
Drakos with Frrrick's help brought the
silk down In an elevator from an upper
story while the building was ON fire and
that afterward Drakos helped Ferrick to
dispose of the loot.
Police Commissioner Adamson last
night said he knew of the FerrlCk ease
and had been investigating il for several
days, but wac surprised to hear Of
Cooney's arrest. lie explained hat Fer
rick has not been suspended from the
force yet because the Commissioner has
not got all the evidence in the case to-
gether, and 1t Is believed that when
this has been done other persons may
b. lncriminated, Both CoOney and Fer
rick will come up for hearing next
Thursday, which is trial day. and IL
convicted will be punished by the de-
partment.
We don't get a case like these on an
average Of once "A year. declared Com
missioner Adamson. "and when we do
We get after them as hard as WI can for
the good OF the department discipline.
But where there are 1000 men employed
you are bound To find some black sheep.
Both OF these men will he attended to
Immediately"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
CELLIST'S PLEA FOR
DIVORCE in LETTER
Wife Of Raymond II. Hamilton
Uses Document in Her
AlimOny Suit.
CLASH ON ABANDONMENT

A husbands letter, pleading for 4,
divorce to end his marital uuhtpprss,
and save his wifc's health. was .uh.
mltted to supreme Cour, Justice ph.,,,,
when Mrs. Grace +. Hamilton asked 70.
allmony pending a separation fton
Raymond II. Hamilton, who WIS frs,
ccilist at the Little Theatre and q, no,
playing IN a New London. Conn. hotel
Mrs. Hamilton was graduated rom
Bates College. and Nds living with hsr
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. Parsons. at Ban.
COR. Me. when she married Hamilton on
June &c, 1912 She was then teaching
In the Rents I'M Preparatory school
She alleges that her husband aharaoned
her last fail and induced her to sign 4
separation agreement for 81 Nest
She had obtained a license TO teach and
was engaged at the Trinity : hool for
Boys AMI in the Erasmus Hail H.gh
School, brooklyn. She say shc accented
small alimony to avuid motor ETY. and
because she believed she could suplor,
herself by teaching. she Is low withol,
funds, she says. and las been compelled
to pawn her diamonds to buy foot
\ letter written by Hamilton uu NO.
vember lG last 10 - frt,u. of h> W...
family follows:
From what Grace has tod me no..
licve YOU know that our scfrJh for
happiness has not been very successful
Things are going rom a TO worse. In
the pas, few weeks ] have noticed that
her health Isn't what L should ha Her
nerves are giving aWaN under the STRAIN
aud d, igp't MONT Elt. z,.fH. to .,
nothing but agony out Of all our tim.
together. She Is absolutely ont Of ~,
control and | can't seem to gct anything
but dissatisfaction,
at Is really hcdrtbrcak'ng 20 see her
and live with her. | don't blame her io-
all this ! am uu angel hv amy means.
but | have been true tu h'i tHl don't
think | have fallen short OF beng a
gentleman To- her and for her She il,
one Of he best and t.ue,t girls ,tl,
ever lived | wish YOU would help Ter
make w her mind 10 divorce u, o. nl
be the only way our lives VII 20 m
without Disgrace. ! am afraid for re-
health and can't stand the strain ml'a
LONGER.
at will he better for hcr go get '.
divorce for hcY mothers sab, Nor.
stand in her way. ANA hope for a g4s,
and sensible parting ] am sorry O. s1.
init a failure, but am convinced 10 is ,h.
only way"
Mrs. Norah Bcr;houd OF iS3 Riyersd.
Drive, who H. a mutual friend ot tie
flhmiltons. said the defendant told he-
that lie became tired OF his VIE 't
second week of their marriage tul MAT
he thought she woud get 4 cousi1e-at'.
sum Of money from 4 relative When -.
married her. She said thai, ON - o.
] s4gt,tt .h.. sp, Nj tI-..H... Ga.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
TO COVER
AN ACRE OF GROUND


roav r,n,u,o, -..o only ma, ,,o
~ VIZ
ever '~' Il" '''h''l III Ni'h'l'N'h '''
would not be OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES u
Tody Hamilton ,wbo once los, two lions
nd H.. - ,
va 81 'S'' "'' '"' '"" '''' anu
~broadWhy) says a thing Is true, then
us true whether It's true o. not-Tody
Hamilton saws ,b,, lima PARK l. .b.u.
:" ''Ne an uilnrt''f ""'l no l'N'nE
NAV V'l - =" Ie, '''h" ''ea' .
''e uh,"re'f VIII cover an acre oi
,-uI' = ',N t,u',i'' -" IL vas 49," YES
.'-udE ny ROY milton" Tor
se'IS saw I" II 'u"' Il oanE slr'H' WIS
nor. H'untI.y IN Ne 'IS"h square ''rd'h
q" 'he hlsh' bdl''in " StlitN came 10
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
BYsTANDER SPOT IN CHASE.
Police tsr Revolver on alleged
Burglar and M innocent Wan.

In an attempt 10 catch an alleged
burglar yesterday i'atrulman George W
Meyer Of the Thirty-fifth precinct acct
dental'y shot Ienatz S%ellinCer OF 22i
East Eighty-ffth street in the leg. Tn,
man was taken to the Reception Hos
p!tal. but IL not In a serious condition
The policeman had pursued Harry
Wentz ~ ~ East Nineticth street from
the premises at l592 second avenue. AL
most a block When Vent turned M
corner nj Eighty-siXth street Never
'ired and II OF the bullets struck Sci
l'nger.
Detective Burr caught the fugitive.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
STOLEN AUTO ABANDONED.
Recover Car Owned by
David ROscn 81 BROOKLYN.

When David Rosen, 762 Ocean Park
way. Brooklyn, went to the country re-
Gently he left his seven passenger tour
ing car locked safely In the garage In
the rear of his home, Yesterday after
noon Policeman Lamb saw the machine
standing at Nirety-eighth street and
Second avenue. lie watched IT for more
than an hour and, when no one came
for 1t. decided 1t had been abandoned.
IT was taken to the East 10ith street
station, where it's owner was iden,ihed
through the automobile register. The
Parkville police were notified and found
that ltosen's garage had been broken
Into and the car stolen. The thieves.
after taking II ride, removed the car
bureter and left the machine in the
street.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
LYNCHINGS ON THE INCREASE.
81 So Far This Year. IL More Than
for Same Period Last Year.

Prof Monroe y. Work. head of the
department OF records and research Of
the Tuskeree Institute OF Alabama. has
compiled the records OF the number of
~lynchings committed in the United states
during the first six morrhs of this
year. In "A statement given yesterday
Booker 7. Washington, the head of the
institute. shows that thirty-four men
were put TO death by mob violence since
January !. 1915. the number being thir-
teen more than the figures for the same
period last year.
Twenty-four of the men lynched were
negroes and ten were whites Eight, or
o~ne-fourth of the total number. occurred
IN Georgia. Six of the negroes and
one white man We're charged with as
sault on women and the rest OF the
Evenings were on accusations of hay
Ing stolen cotton. hogs. meat and cows.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19

ON Thursday the camp routine vii be
relieved 10y the arrival Of Gov Whitman
aud HS staff In honor o. the Governor
a rgyio" VIII De- held probably. and II
wIs planned Yesterday to take ;he Gov
er.or .tn,ll ana eve him q chance 20
zee 'he rct! value O! outdoor work under
service conditions The Governor will
rtma!n at division headquarters over
n.sh' 49, the quest of ,ieN O'Ryau. ac-
gurGIug 10 tn, present plans.
Among the visitors az Camp Whit
man THIS Iite noon were L,eut.-Col.
Mori"r + Smith. o-mmaudtnt OF cadet.
az Nc>' Point. and Cipt. Rh.upfandei
waldo, formerly Ho'..c Cumm> - ouer OF
N"w Work city who rived 49, i regular
officer 100 the Philippines.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19

morrow when ~reveil,e sounds. aud from
then on until taps at 10 80 y VI lie at
am Whitman will Ice just one dril or
hike after another However. 4 won't
all be grinding work. Gen. D'Ryau io-
licve> thu; - certain amour. OF play
makes BIZ. a good soldier. There was A
band concert tins evening. or Tuesday
evening there vii, be sparr.ug and
"reSt!iug matches and on Thursday an
amateur entertainment has been planned
ir which volunteers VIII sing or give
mouoiogucs. Resides & moving picture
APPARATUS has been Installed on ,te hill
sd, M 'ruu' q: division ~hrttqIar'crs
and MOVIES not too duly educational VIII
90 screened FOR the amusrmeu, of the
EuagdSmtn.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
Banker Give. to AeropIanc Fund

Emerson McAIillin. the Wall street
banker. has contributed $1,000 to the
National Aeroplane Fund, The fund
now amounts to Sl0,o39. Tho Aero Club
or America has sent Aviator George A,
Gray to Camp Whitman with u Wright
biplane for service at the National Guard
manruvrcs Gray will take the place
OF w. =. luckcN, who was unable by
reason OF southern engagements to keep
his promise to fly until next week.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
Boys Neck Broken In Fall.

Gilbert Friedman, II. was killed early
yesterday by falling into "A courtyard
from n rear window Of his home at Gs
West llsih street. liis neck was broken.
The accident was accounted for on til.
sheort that he walked in his sleep.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19

mi .xner,enca of ys,rs T.. :, r,oda, Sor
sanitation and cleanliness Refuse ia
quickly and ,horouehly DESTROYED In the
cam incinera,ors and not a scrap Of
paper or bit of waste which might
harbor disease breeding germs is per-
mit,ed TO lie about. Gen. O'Ryar and
his staff are as f,,ssy as old IA fashioned
~housekeepers about keeping the camp
prim and speckless.
Lieut.. col. Cornelius Vanderbilt the
Inspector-General rode overy every foo,
OF the camp to-day and reported Mt
up to the mark. col. Vanderbilt all
WAYS keenly interested I'm his National
Guard work. has been one OF tho mos,
| active and efficient officers OF the d,yi-
sion stan.
over in the soutbwes, CORNER ~ Cam,
Whitman arc ouartersd tha rscu,ar
troops who are acting this wssk M
models ~ military Illness 7, vii, he
,b.ir du,v "a co, IN. n.c. In tho mo-
nos,,yrcs and 4, VIII no m n n,arsmo
,n eoual II thev can rho rtnoss and
f%ociIi,v q, tbo rscuI,rs ~
p'sdos ,hn enc ,xo,
~, ,ha $500 ~ ,o,r" nn a,uor
', % NJ. $50 N%,s"s wv " Da.''o
" we inirtie.n nIan'r. a hummer o
Icsu.ar arnns onleers are set,lns as "
spector-instruclors' among them being
,H"u.,", 6umins.om'
m'yo, imam "eIse', APP, ",''nn ~
Welsh' APT. Joseph l.. 'ilpreth' capt
,'eorse ~ White ana flrst lieuts. Johh
\. Brockman, Dawson, Olmstead, Harry
Pfeill, Carroll II. Hodges. Albert 7. Rich
and Russell James. They will act as
umpires for the m~anpuvres. deliver lee
lures to the suardsmen officers and gem
orally serve as military schoolmasters
under the direction OF Major-Gen.
Organ,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-19
to rght-Chplhn w. E McCod Capt De Witt Clinton Falls. Col Daniel Appleton
Brg-Gen George r Dyer Major H X Bird NJ Col Oliver B Bidgran

stan and the regular army observers.
1t was boiling hot and the auardsmcr
were drenched with sweat long before
the review was over. but II WIS a good
preliminary workout for the weeks
grind to come. At the close OF the re-
view the Adjutant-GeHtrai. together
with Gen. Oliyau and the regular army
officers. expressed satisfaction with the
appearance and spirit OF tile commands.