The Elbert County tribune., 1915-08-13

tween nfteen and nineteen outrAnkeo
both the other races. This latter fact
is the result In part OF the more or
less compulsory attendance upon
many reservations OF the youth up to
eighteen years OF age"
IiIiteracy and Inability to speak Eng
iish.
The percentage of illiteracy tinabii-
Indians ten years OF age and over de-
creased from 56.2 in 1900 to 45.3 IN
1910. The corresponding percentages
for other elements of the population
in the latter year were: Native whites.
3: foreign-born whites. 12.7: Japa-
nese. 90; Chinese. 1s.S; negroes. 30.4-
The statistics show illiteracy to be
somewhat less frequent among male
than female Indians. the percentages
for the two sexes In 1910 being Alb
and 1872. respectively.
When a comparison is made of the
proportions for the % states each of
which had an Indian population OF
1000 or over in 1910. 1t appears that
illiteracy among this race is greatest
in Utah and least in Kansas, the per
centages for these two states being
S3 and 1871. respectively The pro
portions of illiterates are also large
in New Mexico, Mississippi, Arizona.
and Nevada-s17. 70. 1913, and Ut.
respectively
When the various linguistic stocks.
or tribal groups. are compared with
respect to illiteracy. the highest per
centage, 81, is found among the zunis,
who live chiefly in New Mexico; while
the lowest. 217, is shown by the Iro-
quoian stock. which comprises the
Cherokee. Mohawk. Oneida. Onondaga.
st. Regis. Seneca. Tuscarora. Wyan-
dot, and other tribes. living chiefly in
Kansas. New York, North Carolina.
Oklahoma. Pennsylvania. South Caro-
lima and Wisconsin.
OF the Indians ten years of age and
over in the United States, the per
centage who were unable to speak
English fell from 42.3 IN 1900 to 31.3
in 1910. Among the linguistic stocks,
the highest percentage unable to
speak English SIG, was reported for
the Zunis of New Mexico, and the
lowest, per cent, for the Maidus of
California.
Occupations.
IT 1910 there were In the United
States 1876 Indians ten years of age
and over engaged in gainful occupa-
tions, this number constituting 27S
per cent of the total Indian popula-
tion and 1872 per cent OF the Indian
population ten years OF age and over.
Among males, the gainful workers
numbered 59.206, or 61.3 per cent OF
all males ten years of age and over;
and among females, 14.710, or 16 per
cent of all females ten years of age
and over. were gainfully employed
All these percentages show increases
as compared with 1900.
The largest proportion of gainfully
employed males ten years of age and
over, 901 per cent. was shown by the
Croatans of North CaroliIpa. For the
females, however, the highest percen-
tage among the larger tribes was 619
for the Navajos, who are found prin-
cipally in Arizona and New Mexico
The occupations In which Indians
are engaged are diversified in char
acter, ranging all the way from un-
proprietary, official. professional. and
skilled pursuits. Among the Indian
population are found manufacturers.
bankers, United States officials, me
chanical engineers, locomotive engi-
neers, telegraph operators, actors, ar
lists, clergymen. college professors,
physicians, surgeons. and lawyers.
The great mass of the Indian workers
in the United States, however. are en-
gagged In comparatively small num-
ber of occupations. In fact, 85.4 per
cent of the total number of gainfully
employed Indians were found in seven
occupation groups; Agricultural la
borers. 35.5 per cent: farmers and
stock rafsers, 29.2 per cent: lumber
men, raftsmen and woodchoppers, "a
per cent; laborers In manufacturing
and transportation, 6.3 per cent: bas-
ket makers and weavers. IA per cent
launderers and laundresses, 19 per
cent; and servants and walters. 2.6
per cent
The apportionment of congressional
representation under the constitution
is made proportional to the popula.
ton of each state, excluding Indians
not taxed" The census bureau, there.
fore, makes a classification OF Indians
on this basis The term Indians not
taxed" denotes Indians not subject to
taxation by reason of specific treaties
or laws controlling their relations to
the national government. The great
majority Of them are on Indian reser
vations.
The number of Indians not taxed
has been decreasing from decade to
decade. In 1890 It was 1s0,44i, or 76
per cent of the total Indian popula-
ton: in 1900 1t was 129.51S. or 54.6