davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09
MEXICAN FORTRESS
NO LONGER A PRISON
Carranza Decree Changes Use of
Federal Structure Once Held by
United States at Vera Cruz.

The ancient Mexican fortress of San
Juan de Uloa in Vera Cruz harbor is
declared to be no longer military
prison in a decree published by Gen.
Carranza which has reached the State
Department.
During the long years" the decree
says this fortress has been used to
ronfine in dark, damp and unhealthy
cells. political prisoners and often those
merely accused of sedition and rebel
lion, subjectine them to serious sick
ness of body. incurable maiadies of
mind and often to many of them. death.
The constltutionalist government in
terpreting the aspirations of people
and a national sentiment, is DESTROYS to
blot out this stain placed upon the
name of Mexico by despots and die
tators. 1t will change the use of this
federal structure and devote it to other
service of public administration which
will make it more worthy while pre-
serving ii as historical monument"
The fortress was built by the Spanish
of Mexico. and has no value
Carranza occupied it as his official
residence For years it had been used
by Mexican authorities to imprison
military and other prisoners, and there
We're several hundred such within its
walls at the American occupation of
Vera Cruz. Most of them were merely
recruits for the Huerta army. although
some political prisoners had been there
for nearly a half century. The COM
manuer of the fortress did not resist
the American forces and no shots were
fired from it. A few days later the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09
FEDERAL OFFICERS SEEK
NEUTRALITY VIOLATORS
Recruiting for British Army and
Delivering Cargo to Germans at
Sea Charged in San Francisco.

SAN FRANCISCO. July s.-Federal
officers are conducting a search today
for fourteen men accused In indict-
ments returned yesterday by the fed
eral grand jury for alleged violations
of American neutrality. Ralph K. Blair,
formerly a lieutenant IN the British
army. who IL alleged to have aided
in recruiting soldiers here for Eng
land. was the only one of sixteen In
dicted who surrendered voluntarily.
Harry g. Lane. a former British SOL
der. was arrested last night. Three
other individuals and one corporation
are to be tried on charges OF recruit
ing soldiers.
Chief interest in the alleged neutral
ity violations centered in the case Of
eleven individuals and three corpora
lions. indicted in connection with the
steamer Sacramento, which is said to
have delivered q cargo from this port
to German warships in the south
Pacific.
The Sacramento is owned by the
Northern and Southern Steamship
Company, whose president is Philip
Thayer. According to United States
District Attorney Preston. Mr.. Thayer's
name has been prominently mentioned
in the grand jury investigation His
present whereabouts Is unknown to the
federal authorities. Preston said to-
day he considered the Sacramento case
far more important than that of the
alleged recruiting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09
SENATOR CUMMINS SAYS
HE is NOT TO BLAME
Holds Senator Reed Responsible
for Law Requiring Bag
gage Valuation.

Senator Albert ]. Cummins Of Iowa. a
'favorte SON and possible republican
candidate for the Presidency. is kept
busy these days explaining that he is
not responsible for the provision in the
so-'al!.Ad rumnins amendment TO the
interstate commerce act which compelS
travellers to place Il valuation upon their
baggage. This provision has called forth
a storm OF protest. and the Iowa sena =
tor has been made 10 hear The hi'unt
OF mis- criticism. il is said.
As "A matter al fact. Senator tUuniins
explains, he is not only not responsive
for this provision of the law. bur lie
opposed its adoption on the
floor of the Senate. Senator Reed al
Missouri, he says. is the real originator
of the provision
Il stood on the floor of the Senate and
opposed this provision. said Senator
Cummins. recently. Il pointed out that
it would be particularly unfair TO the
express compa MES. burden to the rail-
roads and an annoyance to millions OF
people in this country. Today am
blamed by all sorts of persons for this
provision of the law
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09
MARYLAND MAY BE FORCED
ELECT TWO SENATORS
One to Fill Out Rayner Term and
Another for Full Term if Senator
Lee Becomes Governor.

Should Senator Blair Lee of Mary
land be successful in his efforts to he
elected governor of his state it will be
necessary for Maryland to elect two
senators next year, though both would
be chosen for the same seat in the
Senate. but for different terms. Sen
ator Lee at present is serving out the
uneXpired term of the late Sena tor
Rayner, which ends March 3. 1917. In
the fall of 1916 it will be necessary to
elect a senator for this seat for the
full term of six years. Under the di-
rect elections law for the selection of
senators, if Senator Lee becomes gov
ernor at the election this fall another
senator will he elected to fill out the
remainder of the Rayner term.
If Senator Lee should not be success
full in his race for the governors chair
he probably will be a candidate to
succeed himself as senator. But his
chances for becoming governor are re-
sarued as excellent by Maryland poll
tictanS. Others who will he candidates
Tor the SenatorShip, it is said, are w.
taben Bruce, chief counsel for the
public service commission of the state;
Gov. Goldsborough and former Senator
William =. Jackson, who. by the way
occupied the Rayner seat under APP
pointnent by Gov. Goldsborough until
senator Lee was elected in November
1913.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09

Rev Francis Dooley, president of
the University of Detroit and active
in the Jesuit order, died in a New York
hospital from cancer, of which he had
been victim for many months.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09

their arms behind. and the American
authorities liberated all prisoners not
held under court sentence
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09

Edward Hackiey Of Harpers Ferry
fell over a nifty foot cliff near the club
house on Loudoun mountain Sunday
and fractured three ribs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09
ATTACK GERMAN SHIP
IN NORWEGIAN WATERS
British Trawler and Cruiser Victoria
Accused by Berlin of Violat-
ing Neutrality.

BERLIN. July 9, by wireless to Say
vile. y. Y.-Among the items given
out for distribution abroad today by
the Overseas News Agency was the fol-
lowing:
According to latest reports the Ger
man steamship Pallas of Flensburg was
attacked in Norwegian territorial wa
tiers by an armed English trawler
which fred twice at the steamer. The
English auxiliary cruiser Victoria as
sisted in the violation of neutral rights,
until Norwegian guard ship arrived
The guard ship secured the release OF
the steamer and eleven men from the
who had been arrested by the British
in violation of international law.
The Norwegian government has pro-
tested to Great Britain against this vio-
lation of neutral rights"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09
FISH PRICES REMAIN LOW.
Plentiful Supply Cuts Prices and
Dealers Expect Large Sales.

Receipts Of fresh fish from all sources
have been heavy enough at the 18th
street wharf market in the past week.
the wholesale dealers in sea food re-
port, to meet all demands, and as a
consequence fish are as low in price
this week as they were last. Butter
fish and trout are particularly p1enti-
full and are selling somewhat cheaper
than a week ago. and 1t is their ample
supply that is keeping prices down. It
is stated that the coming of plentiful
supplies of summer fruits. vegetables
and berries has caused a very decided
falling Off in the demand for fish, but
the dealers are looking for better busi-
ness this week. This morning buyers
were on hand at the wharf market in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09

the early hours of the day in fairly
good numbers and fish sold about as
follows: White perch, to 121e cents
a pound: yellow perch. 10 to Is cents a
bunch: catfish, IS to 30 cents bunch;
rock. S to 10 cents a pound: haltbut,
l2l. to 10 cents pound: b1uefish, 10
cents a pound: carp. to 5 cents a
pound; gray trout. large. 50 to $40 a
barrel: gray trout. small. 81 to 81 a
barrel: founders, SIS to S. a barrel:
croakers. $3.50 to 81 a barrel butter
fish. $3.50 to 81 a barrel: sea bass, 50
n barrel.
Crabs. both hard and soft, are some
what more plentiful than last week,
but the supply is still short This
morning hard crabs sold at $3.50 to 81
a barrel and soft crabs at so to IS cents
a dozen. CLAIMS are in fair demand at
S5 to - cents a hundred.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09
TO HELP COAL TAR INDUSTRY
U. s. Plans to Protect New Dyestuhl
Trade From Foreign Competition.

Protection Of American manufa ctur-
ers against ruinous price cutting and
other TRADE evils of foreign competi-
tors may result from efforts Of the De-
partment of Commerce to build up an
American coal tar industry
officials of the bureau of foreign and
domestic commerce and the federal
trade commission are working on plans
to protect the new dyestuff trade from
an onslaught of German competition at
the end of the war. and a general pol
icy probably will be the outcome
Federal legislation to prevent foreign
manufacturers from using against
American competitors in the home mar
kets trade practices forbidden as be-
tween American competitors will be
necessary. according to trade commits
sion members With the protection of
the new dyestuff trade in mind, the
commission already has begun an ex-
haustive survey of the field, and a re-
port recommending legislation probabl
will be made to the President or Con-
gress. or both, by the time Congress
meets in December.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09
ADVANCE PRICE FOR COAL.
Ships Using Panama Canal to Pay
More After September /.

Due to scarcity OF GOLFERS and the
generally high prices. of charters of
vessels suitable for the carriage of
coal, the price of coal supplied to YES
sells using the Panama canal will be
Increased September l, according to
notice issued by the canal authorities
After that date the rate of coaling a
vessel at Cristobal or Colon will be Sc
ton and at Balboa on the Pacific
side 81 a ton.
More vessels used the canal in May
than in any preceding month. the
number being 141, though tonnage
which was 57S,7Os, was less than in
March. Cargoes handled since the
canal opened passed the 1000, 900 ton
mark in May.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-09
Fraud Order Issued Against Firm.

A scheme by which women are So
licited to invest small sums to secure
home work paying s12 a week is de-
clared to be "a scheme for obtaining
money through the mails by means of
false and fraudulent pretenses" in a
fraud order issued by the Postmaster
General. The order is directed against
company in Kansas City, Mo.
The Mobridge news. [volume] (Mobridge, Walworth Co., S.D.) 190?-1917, 1915-06-05
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
during period beginning with
Motridge March,
he of August 81, 1914
STATEMENT RECEIVED.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09

course Of the river. under the VIII.
.amsburg Bridge, through treacherous
II Il Gate and on into the wide waters
~ the Sound. After some three hours
or so We landed at Harris Island. II
was a cherries, rainy day, and the
long. low lying island looked bleak
and DESERVED Down at the dock four
convicts, with slickers over their
striped suits, We're waiting for us.
We steamed slowly up and made fast,
the sangp,ank was run out and the
convicts tossed a long rope down the
plank, with a pair Of ice hooks at
tached TO the end OF II.
After moment some one on the
boat gave the word. the convicts put
their shoulders under the rope and a
second later long, red painted box,
rudely shaped like coffin went slid
Ing up the gangplank and jolted down
onto the wet dock. Another followed,
and another. Some of the smaller cof-
fins, containing the babies, were
tossed from the deck of the boat up
To the men on the dock For half
hour this unloading went on until the
boat was empty and its cargo was
piled on the landing in a clumsy monu-
ment.
The crew washed down the decks
with hose. A big, black GOV red
wagon had come down to the dock and
the collins We're placed in It, to he
taken out into the fields and buried
three or four deep in a long trench,
each labelled for future reference.
capt. Hayes reached up and gave n
yank at the whistle. the lines were cast
on the door on the black wagon
banged shut, a bundle Of cd newspa-
pers hurled through the air and was
caught by one OF the convicts Just as
We began TO get under way. Two Of
the convicts stood on the dock in the
drizzllng rain and stolidly watched us
swing out into the river and head for
nome They were hard, grizzled men,
seemingly void of emotion. Can't.
Hayes waved his hand out of the Win
dow and few moments later they
were lost to view.
1T looks dreary enough now" re.
marked the captain, as he east a look
back at the island. "hut in the summer
It's not so bad. The grass grows all
over the island in soft. green carpet
and makes pretty sight"
] gazed back at the dark strip of
land dotted with its tiny white tomb
stones
How many are buried there now,
Captain?" | asked.
"hh about $50, 900 or 260 600" he re-
piled. "You know he went on. some
times I think I wouldn't mind being
buried there myself After all, what
difference does it make, once you're
dead. you're dead. Have some coffee?"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09

projectiles, it is almost impossible for
an observer near the target to see
them as they approach: but trained
eye can discern the slower moving
mortar projectilerS as they drop out
of the sky, shrieking as they come,
curvlng downward from a height of
four or five miles half ton falling
with tremendous velocity.
1t is difficult to realize what an
enormous force is released when one
Of these 12-inCh guns is discharged.
The pressure inside of the gun behind
the projectile is between $4,000 and
10000 pounds to the square inch.
No engine or machine made by man
produces anything like this pressure in
steam engines. In big turbines driven
by superhcated steam the pressure
does not exceed 200 or 800 pounds to
the square inch. The huge hydraulic
presses that would crumple up steel
girdor do not exert "A pressure of more
than 1000 pounds to the square inch,
The only reason gun barrel can re-
sist this pressure 100000 pounds to the
square inch is that II is built up in
series of concentric steel hoops or
tubes shrunk one over the other I'M
Ill there is resistance capacity Of
from 10000 To 10000 pounds to the
square inch.
Even at rest, the barrels of these
great guns are under such enormous
compr, ssion, from being thus squeezed
within these outer steel COVERINGS
that If the retaining steel jackets were
suddenly cut the tubes would blow
themselves into pieces from the vio-
1t reaction OF release.
Not only does this smokeless pow
der burning inside these guns pro-
duce enormous pressure but il gene
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09
smoke cone.

First here Is fash and puff OF
smoke; then nothing for a period OF
seconds While the proiect!le is on its
way; then suddenly a great splash as
the mass II iron strikes the water
Up 10 this moment there has been
10 sound OF the discharge. TO sound
Of the projeCt.le. since il raves faster
than the sound waves; but now. after
it has buried itself in the ocean, is
heard its own unmistakable voice. n
low, buzzng "um-m-m-m.''
The projecti!e itself has arrived be-
fore the sound that 1t makes in tran
si:, ard the sound arrives afterward.
Last of all is heard the boom OF the
discharge.
owing 10 the great velocity Of gun
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09

cepted that the silence" was not
without cause.
The origin of the Silence" has
been subject Of much speculation
from time to time 1t was once at
tributcd to conflict OF orders. the
cadets having been directed To pre-
serve silence just before the arrival
or an unpopular officer in the mess
hall at supper. The officer was SO
surprised by the silence of the cadets,
talking being permitted at mess. that
he took 1t as a rebuke aimed at him by
the corps. So much anger did he dis
pay that the cadets thought il a very
effective way of getting even with
unpopular superiors.
Another version had it that the
silence" was discovered in an old
novel Of school life in England and
was appropriated by the cadets. 1t
was really group of Brooklyn school
teachers who gave the cadets the idea
for the silence. The incident hap
pened about twenty years ago.
1t has been and is now the policy
or the authorities at West Point to
extend to schools the fullest courtesy
OF the reservation, one July morn
Ing "A group of about twenty teachers
came over the side of an excursion
boat. The superintendent made it his
business 10 see that they were well
taken care of. Places barred to the
general public We're open to them.
Everything about the academy was
explained To them and in the museum
the history of every battle SCARED flag
was told to them.
one of the sights at West Point is
the mess hall, The schoolma ans
guide knew that white linen, glitter
ing silver and glassware would appea
to women folks and he suggested tina,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09

r TIE is a modern Charon. Pilot Of
- the little ship Fidelity. ne fer
L i res more than five thousand
bodies a year over the River
Styx to their last resting place. The
River Styx in this instance happens to
be the East River, New York.
Who is he? Capt. Michael ]. Hayes,
master pilot.
For more than seventeen years now,
In the employ Of the Charities Depart
ment OF, the city OF New York. Capt.
Hayes has been at the wheel of the
little municipal ferryboat Fidelity.
plying between East Twenty-siXth
street and Harris Island. He is a tall,
angular Yankee, with one of those
'''dont know you but glad to meet
you" smiles and quiet, unostentatious
manner. Twice a week every year OF
the seventeen Capt. Hayes has carried
the unclaimed dead of the great city
up the winding stream to that bare
stretch OF island known as potter's
field.
IT'S kind OF unpleasant business"
remarked Capt. Hayes, "but you get
used 20 it the same as you get used
20 everything else"
Every morning. rain or shine, winter
nor summer, the boat starts out on its
huaIr OF the various institutions along
the East River, Backwelrs Island.
with the workhouse; the Metropolitan
Hospital, the City Hospital and the
spenitentiary. Wards Island and the in
sane asylum; Riker's Island, the work.
house, Brothers Island with the home
Ssp incura,bles, Randalrs Island and
the Home for Feeble Minded Children,
the Harlem Hospital and a number OF
others. And each day the little white
boat receives it's cargo OF red rudely
made boxes with their inert burdens,
which it carries down the river again,
at dusk, to deposit in the Morg,,e at
Twenty-ninth street.
The bodies are left in the Morgue
for week or ten days, waiting for
some one to claim them, and at the
end Of that time, IL no one has done
so, they are again put aboard the FL
deity and taken to potter's field.
Twice n week Capt. Hayes makes the
long trip up to Harris Island, carrying
an average Of sixty bodies each trip.
This means that there are about 1870
persons a week. $50 a month. or $3.50
year, who die in city institutions,
unclaimed, fri"ndless.
"Of course. We have more in the
summer months" said Capt. Hayes as
he leaned out Of the window Of the
p.othouse and watched the deck
hands trundling on the cargo. There
are more babies then. on account Of
the heat and bad nourishment, and 80
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09
STUDYING HEAVY ARTILLERY FIRE BY PHOTOGRAPHY
Pictures Obtained of Steel Projectiles
Leaving Gun Muzzle at the Rate
of Is Miles a Minute

rates inconceivably great heat. Water
boils at 100 degrees centigrade; iron
melts at 1,400 degrees; platinum and
the most resistant metals at 1900 de-
grees while the hottest thing on earth
Is the temperature OF the electric arc,
In which carbon boils.
This temperature is between 1000
degrees and 1000 degrees centigrade
and Is believed to be the same as that
Of these great powder chambers when
the gun is fired. Thus a diamond. the
hardest substance known. would melt
in the barrel OF a 12-inch gun at
the moment Of discharge.
The consequence is that at each dis
charge Of a big gun a thin skin OF
metal inside the barrel is literally
fused and this leads to rapid erosion
Of the softened surfaces under the
tearing pressure OF gases generated.
The rfllng is worn away. the band
over the projectile becomes loose fit
ting and soon the huge gun, that has
cost such Il great sum. is rendered
unfit for service.
The life of 12-nch gun Us only
$50 rounds: that Is, the gun would
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09

be worn out If fired every tire. min.
utes for single day. After "a,
new life may be Given it by |. RIA. M,
the inner tube and putting IN ID nev
steel lining.
A few words may he added a5ou,
the formidable smokeless powder 1sed
in these great guns. This powder IN
spite OF its terrible power. is ~ in.
nocent appearance and a small stick
OF 1t may be held safely in 3D.. b,,d
while it burns W tn a vivid ,,.,wisb
flame.
There Is no danger Of its r\...J.,,
or decorating like gun cotton ami vet
1t is made from gun cotton tt.,. i bv
a colloiding process that is uu. Il our
jealousy guarded military secrets
There are foreign Governments. ,h,,
would give millions to know ,xic,lv
how tbs powder is made and l.y f. !,
preserved for years without d,.,rora.
ticn. The destruction last year q,
two ships of the French navy Was du.
it Is believed. to deteriorit. % Il thor
smokeless powder.
(Copyright. 1915, LV ne H,C1urc
Newspaper Syndicate,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09

In one or two rare instances a tow
ing vessel has been struck when a pro-
jectile has fallen short and then nc
ocheted to the right, as il invariably
does owing to It's rotation in that d.
rection. The rifiing of the gun barrel
causes this rotation.
Sometimes these great projectiles
r!cochet several times, and go bound
ing over the waters as "A pebble skips
along the surface of mill pond only
there may be a distance Of a mile
or more between these g.an; leaps.
A strange phenomenon is Witnessed
by the observer on a towing vessel az
he looks. rather ureasily perhaps. to-
ward the distant shore battery, that
seems To be firing straight at him.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09

TT was a woman who gave to West
Point cadets the silence" prob
ably the most tantalizing yet
dlgnified rebuke a student body can
give a faculty officer. In no other
college except Annapolis, which
adopted the silence" from the army
boys, will anything approaching 1t In
effect be found.
No one outside military life can
estimate the crushing effect OF this
punishment. Without the least dis
play the cadets show their displeasure
in a manner that cannot be mistaken.
A silence" is the dread of every off,
Ger who serves at West Point The
memory Of ii silence" clings to an
officer through his career in the SER
vice. II Is one Of those something's
by which other officers appraise a new
arrival at a post. The army never
forgets the officer to whom the re-
buke is administered, it being ac-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-05-09

on. We pick up bodies along the river
too. They come up in the spring. one
time we got three Of them on three
successive days, and all came up in
exactly the same spot" The captain
smiled a trife ruefully. They seem
to know what the Fidelity is for"
All the putting tugs and the stately
steamers on the river recognize and
respect the Fidelity, and various sa-
lutes were given across the waters as
we steamed slowly along on our funeral
mission.