davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1915-07-28
president WILSON'S REPLY TO
THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT. 1
THE SECRETARY OF STATE To
4. 7. AMBASSADORS GERARD. &@
..3E !. W. y. papartrnanft Of state. -

Washington July 81, 1916.
YOU ARE INSTRUCTED to deliv-
er textually the following note to
the minister for foreign AFFAIRS !.
The NOTE OF the imperial Ger
man government dated the 9Th Of
July, 1916. has. received the careful
consideration of the government OF
the United States, and it regrets
to be obliged to say. that 4. It
has found It very unsatisfactory.
because 1t fails to meet the real
differences between the two gov
ernments and indicates no way in
which the accepted principles OF Law,
and humanity may. be applied In the
grave matter In controversy, but pro:
poses, on the contrary, arrangements
Tor q partial suspension Of those
principles which virtually set them
aside. II /. t5 5.a< !. z. 1, q: Z. I, i.55 .
THE GOVERNMENT, OF THE
UNITED STATES notes with salts.
faction that the imperial German
government recognizes without reser.
walton the validity of the principles
insisted upon In the several commu:
nications which this government has
addressed to the Imp erial German
government with regard to its IN.
nolncement OF q war zone and the
use Of submarines against merchant,
men on the high seas-the principle
that the high seas are free, that the
character and cargo Of q merchant
man must first be ascertained before
sne can lawfully be seized or destroy
ed, and that the lives Of noncom'
batants may in no case be, put IN
jeopardy unless the yessei reslsts or
seeks to escape after being sum
noned to submit to examination; 1oI
q belngerent act Of retaliation IS per
Sc an act beyond the law, ana tne
defense OF an act as reta!latory =. -
an admission that It is illegal. !
THE & GOVERNMENT +. OF THE
UNITED STATES is, however. Keen
" disappointed to find that the NM
perial German government regaras ~
self as In large degree exempt lro.A run
the obligation to observe these prllh-
ciples, even. where neutral vessels
are concerned. by what 1t believes
the policy; and practice Of the GOV,
ernment OF: Great Britain to be in
THE present war with regard to neu7
trail commerce. lf i W i, s..
N THE IMPERIAL GERMAN GOV.
,ERNAlENT viii readily understand
that the government OF the United
States cannot discuss the policy OF
the government of Great Britain
with regard to neutral trade except
with that government itself, and that
Il must regard the conduct OF other
Indifferent governments as irrelevant
to any discussion with the Imperial
German government Of y what this his
government regards as grave and
violations OF the rights
az A. American citizens by German
naval ders. W s,,s - =, z. !,
S1E' ~ - 5ANDSINHUMAN>&3 ACTS,
Evening star., 1915-07-11
A Famous Thumb.

M OF long ago a famous physician in
an Saxony. DIR. Metzger. celebrated
his seventieth birthday. He had been
retired from active practice for some
years. owing to the fact that he had
become immensely wealthy through
the use of the wonderful thumb of his
right hand. This thumb stands out at
right angle from his hand and, 1t is
said. cannot be bent back automatic
ally. He soon found it of great serv-
ice in massage, and when he became a
specialist in intestinal disorders he
was called as assistant to the greatest
surgeons of Europe, bringing relief to
many illustrious patients.
The Queen of Rumania sent for this
doctor with the curious thumb when
she suffered from facial neuralgia.
while the late King of Sweden once
drove a beautiful span of horses over
the border of his kingdom to consult
the doctor and on returning left the
horses as a token of gratitude to his
preserver.
There was a time, early in his ca
reer. when the use of this curious
thumb was looked upon as a form Of
charlatanism, but SO well did DR.. Metz
ger establish his reputation that the
medical profession accepted his thumb
for what it was worth without trying
to explain the phenomenon.
Evening star., 1915-07-11

child study in the University Of
Kansas. author of Training the
Boy" etc. New York: The MacMil-
Ian Company.
An enormous amount of fine enthu-
siasm on the subject of Child welfare"
is running to comparative waste now
adays for want of some comprehensive
and practical scheme by which the va
rious movements along this line may
work out to efficient and broadly bene-
fetal issues. Mr.. Mckeever's book fits
perfectly into this common need for
definite direction and general out
look on the subject. A we'll defined
and clearly stated purpose underlies
the study. Themes of broadly edu-
cative character and pointed bearing
are selected and arranged for investi-
cation and discussion. Upon this wide
and useful field of instruction the
author shapes a practical and logi-
cally progressive program for the con-
duct of one and another of the clubs
and associations that are springing UP
in every city and town for the benefit
of the children of the community. The
book is the product of soholarliness
focused in Special experience. 1t is
comfortingly free from academic dis
cussions and laboratory deductions. 1t
is on the contrary, a very human study
Evening star., 1915-07-11

application i'm its present relation. In
addition, he stresses the full color
scheme that has been adopted to bring
out and blend, with their setting the
various architectural units of the gen.
eral plan. There is. besides. an inter-
esting chapter on the mural decora-
tions in their artistic significance and
in their relation to the color scheme.
The study closes with description of
the exposition grounds at night in
the splendor of their illumination ef-
fects. The book is abundantly and
beautifully illustrated with reproduc
tions of important examples of the best
art of the exposition. An appendix
furnishes an excellent guide to this
part of the fair, as it gives, also. bio
graphic sketches of the artists who
have contributed to it. The substance
of this study was given originally by.
Prof. Neuhaus to his students in the
University of California in talks and
lectures on the art of the exposition.
AS chairman of the western advisory
committee and member of the San
Francisco jury in the department of
fine arts of the exposition the writer
has had abundant facilities for the pro-
duction of this competent and useful
study.
OUTLINES OF CHILD STUDY. BY
William A. McKeever. professor of
Evening star., 1915-07-11

item. He describes the food of the
various pets and gives rules for its
preparation at different stages of the
animals life and in~its different con-
ditions of health. He explains the
common diseases to which the animals
are subject and prescribes for these.
In word, the book rounds to a full
treatment of this fascinating subject,
while it maintains its character as a
practical and easy guide to the care
of boys animal friends.
THE ART OF THE EXPOSITION. By
Eugene Neuhaus. San Francisco:
Paul Elder & Co. .
This timely book embodies the art,
and some of the art lessons, of the
world fair now going on in California.
Since architecture is so manifestly the
outstanding art feature of the exposi-
tion, it is with this that the study in
hand opens. At this point one is given
a broad survey of the architectural
scheme of the entire field. This in
cludes not only the general style of the
buildings employed here. but it covers
also the natural setting that sur
rounds and accents the whole. Using
architecture as the keynote of his
study. the author from this point of
view discusses the character of the
sculpture used and the fitness of it's
Evening star., 1915-07-11
TmWom Volume, the Work Member French Tells the
Capital Days When City Was Youg-Orgn
Potomac in
Ministers bra-Ea George
town. College.

and manufacturers who took the oath of
citizenship were freed from taxation for
five years, one can readily comprehend
why it was such mecca for the op-
pressed from the Emerald Isle.
The inland trade was carried on at
Georgetown. Thirteen hundred boats
were engaged in transporting down the
Shenandoah and Potomac rivers. which
had lately been rendered navigable by
the Potomac or George Washington
canal. sugar. -four, whisky. wheat,
maize, bar and pig iron. castings and
ship timber. War vessels were con-
structed of live oak and white pine. The
lead used at the navy yard. which then
employed from so to $50 men. was
brought in wagons from Illinois and
Pennsylvania. and cost $3.50 per hun
dredweight. The pay of a shipwright
was So a day.
Flour was $3.50 per barrel. ice so cents
bushel, and wood. which was used ex-
clusively for fuel. brought 81 a cord.
Bricks were from s5.75 to $3.50 per
thousand. a good bricklayer was paid
SO for laying each thousand bricks.
The coachman who drove the chariot.
post chaise or coach, was paid SO per
month laborer so to 70 cents day,
Evening star., 1915-07-11

significant. The loading and fusing of
the shell and shrapnel will be done by
ammunition workers in Europe, who
are being marshaled and organized in
Great Britain and Russia. according to
reports from those countries. The or
ganization of a munition board in Eng
land has been followed in Russia by
the organization of a board of military
supplies. Speaking in the French sen
ate recently. Premier Viviani and M
Millerand, the minister of war, said
that since the beginning Of the war
France has increased her military pro-
duction skiold and that the curve for
munitions has never ceased to mount.
significant thing in connection with
the tremendous and increasing pressure
for ammunition is that steel mills in
the Pittsburgh district have recently
received orders for projectile steel
which aggregate $4,000 tons. This
shows that the United States is fur
nishing steel for the ammunition max
ers in Europe as well as empty shells
and explosives. in addition to shell and
shrapnel loaded and fused.
Evening star., 1915-07-11

have had previous publication. It Is
refreshing to be able, through these
pages, to obtain a comprehensive con-
cept of the meaning OF movements tnat'
in the making as described in the cause
OF censored press dispatches or laconic
official bulletins. have been difficult OF
understanding. Mr.. Simonds has diVld-
ed the war to date into two phases
more will. unfortunately. develop later
the srst being that of Germany's in
itial effort to crush France and to con-
quer Europe in detail: the second. Ger
many's defensive operations, broken
with an occasional offensive. The Sec
ond phase. however, was marked by an
important addition to the battle line,
Turkey having joined the Teutonic al
lance. while Italy was trembling on
the balance at the close of the period
covered by Mr. Simond's book. In gen.
eral. the author views the second
phase as unfavorable to Germany. in
asmuch as it put her on the defensive
and developed the numerical superior
ity of her enemies and the American
munitions making resources available
to the allies but closed to Germany.
To one who wishes to view the war
broadly, with a comprehension of gen.
eral causes and effects, this publication,
written in most attractive style. and
illustrated with maps, is of exceptional
value.
Evening star., 1915-07-11
Reprisals.
m EPRESENTATIvE ANTHONY was
GN talking about the war.

ID REPRESENTATIVE ANTHONY was
IN talking about the war.
"The English and French" he said,
"are very bitter. The submarine mur-
ders and the poison gas and the vitriol
squirting have made them very bitter.
indeed They are going in for reprisals.
Their scientists especially the
French scientists-have turned atten-
ton to gas and burning fluids. and,
mark my words. they'll soon be in the
position of the druggist.
"a druggist. one summer afternoon,
darted into the back room of his estab-
lishment and began to dance and leap
for joy.
What on earth's the matter with
you, boss? said the assistant.
"'Glory" sang the druggist. Glory.
Hallelujah! You know that Internal
plumber who mended our frozen water
pipes last winter? Well, he's Just
brought me this prescription to be
made up. My turn now""
Evening star., 1915-07-11

squirrels and crows. Two hundred
pounds of tobacco was the reward for
VOLTS head, while the master or mis-
tress of a family or single taxable per-
son was obliged to bring to the justice
of the county three squirrel scalps or
three crows heads. the penalty for
failing to fulfill the latter requirement
being three pounds of tobacco.
Such a parsonage as a poundmaster
was unheard of, and the destruction Of
stray CANNES was sort of community
affair. All dogs were taxed 81 a year
and required to wear collar marked
CITY of Washington" Any one who
found a dog without a collar of this
description was rewarded for killing
and burying it.
Churches were few in number. The
annual salary of clergyman was about
$1,000, with small mansion and lot,
which even at this early date; was con-
sidered inadequate for a minister with
family.
Although there were eleven reputable
physicians. two of whom were also
druggists, there was no medical society
nor any regulations for practice; any
one could exercise this profession, and
Evening star., 1915-07-11


g x is now kept securely wrap
ped and tied in order to protect it's
time-worn binding and yellowed pages
from the further ravages of age. This
little volume. which will celebrate it's
centenary of publication next year. is
indeed worthy of attention. as in the
small compass of 212 pages it gives
one an insight into the mode of life,
customs and institutions of the Capital
city when it was in its infancy.
The author of this book, David Bail
lie Warden, who was in the French
consular service, must have been quite
an authority on things American, as
he collected two libraries of Ameri-
cana. one of which is at Harvard Uni
versity and the other in the New York
state library.
Unlike the poet Moore and Charles
Dickens, both of whom made Wash
ington the butt of their literary gibes,
this author has kept his pages free
from all obnoxious criticism.
The title of the work is "A Choro-
graphical and Statistical Description of
the District of Columbia" 1t is dedi-
Gated to Mrs. Custis. who is addressed
as the favored daughter of the illus
trious Washington"
In tracing the origin of the city the
story goes that a farmer who settled
On Goose creek renamed 1t the Tiber,
and the place where he lived, Rome,
thus making a brilliant guess at the
ultimate destiny of the spot he had
Evening star., 1915-07-11

addressed straight across. in practical
everyday. phrase, to those who are so
obviously in need of help to rescue
a fine impulse from the inutility of
undirected and fumbling experiment.
"Parent-teacher' associations, mothers
clubs and their allied organizations
will find in this little book just the
support and guidance for which they
are SO manifestly looking.
WAR AND THE IDEAL OF PEACE.
BY Henry Rutgers Marshall, L. H.
D., D.S.. author of Instinct and
Reason" etc. New York: Duff1eld
& Co.
In order to get down to the real
causes of war this writer makes a
psychological analysis of those traits
of human nature in which these causes
are rooted. The book is. therefore. a
study of such fundamental character
istics of man as, in themselves. hold
the seeds of war. Upon this basis of
investigation the writer sets forth the
means by which these traits may be
controlled and trained ultimately into
the ideals of peace. The discussion falls
into two parts. The first. general in
it's nature, deals with the basic prob
lens of the question as these relate to
the meaning of the universe in its spir-
Evening star., 1915-07-11

itual as well as in its natural signifi-
canoe. The second part concerns it
self with problems of special import.
These cover an exposition of the law
of strife set off point by point against
the ideal of peace. 1t elaborates, also,
the moral issues involved and defines
the personal obligations created. The
whole is a scholarly and penetrating
study by psychologist of high stand
ing and acknowledged authority.
THE GREAT WAR; the Second Phase
From the Fall of Antwerp to the
Second Battle of Ypres. BY Frank
H. Simonds. associate editor. the
New York Tribune. With maps. New
York: Mitchell Kennerley.
From the outset of the war Mr.. Sim
onds has been writing highly illumi-
mating and instructive articles in an
alysis of the campaigns, Interpreting
the various military movements and
political developments from the stand
point of student of history and one
who is acquainted with the rules and
practices of warfare. In a preceding
volume he collected some of these ar
ticles. revised for permanent publica-
ton, and now he presents another work,
consisting of practically new text,
though drawing upon materials that
Evening star., 1915-07-11
FORTY KINDS OF SNAKES
FOUND I'm THE DISTRICT

campers and picnickers in the country
along both sides of the upper Potomac
A good many are killed every year. but
mishaps because of them have been ex-
ceedingly rare. In a pamphlet repre-
senting the work and observations OF
Frederick c. Test. one-time curator OF
reptiles in the National Museum, and
W. p. Hay it is written of the copper
head in the vicinity of Washington:
This serpent is still not uncommon
Notwithstanding the efforts to extermi-
nate it. 1t is frequenter of cool
damp woods and generally chooses a
ready refuge in time of danger AL
though it's bite is extremely dangerous
1t is not often inflicted. the reptile
seeming to prefer to run away rather
than fight
Mr.. Hay said that he had taken two
or three large specimens alive which
showed no disposition to bite until after
their capture. Prof. Wells w. Cooke of
the biological survey of the Depart
ment of Agriculture, who spends much
of his leisure in the Potomac woods
above Washington, killed three copper
heads last season.
Not every snake one sees in the woods
is a copperhead, any more than every
snake seen in the river or along the
river shore is water moccasin, and as
the copperhead is easily and quickly
to be identified everybody should know
what this snake looks like. The top of
MS Hedu Is coppeTy-FeO ana the sides
of his head and the end of his snout
are cream colored. His belly is yellow
ish. with numerous dark spots on each
side. He is thick snake with a rather
slender neck. His head is large, fiat
and triangular. with the sides in front
of the eyes perpendicular. He is hazel
brown and on his sides are chestnut
brown blotches extending to and across
the vertebral line. He is a big copper
head If he is three feet long. and some
are found that are only half that
length.
The common rattlesnake is not found
around Washington, though a man does
not have to travel far to the west of
the District, either in Maryland or Vir-
ginia, to find him. and the line separat-
ing the country where he is not found
and the country where he is to be
found cannot be drawn. He must once
have been very common in the terri
tory on which Washington has grown
up, but, being very bad neighbor.
he was driven out. How close to the
city some members of the dangerous
tribe remain cannot be told. In Hays
List of Batrachians and Reptiles of
the District of Columbia and Vicinity"
it is said: 1.-The evidence as to the oc-
currence Of the rattlesnake within our
Evening star., 1915-07-11
The Stacker.

~ APT. w. T. TURNER of the ILL
" fated Lusitania said in London to
an American correspondent, apropos O,
a German argument:
These arguments are based on fall
lacies. They are based on errors They
are like the Stacker.
"A Stacker halted before a sign that
said: Sale of Work. Benefit Of Chill
dren's Charity And SO on.
But the Stacker only read the first
three words: Sale of Work Then he
turned away with look Of positive
disgust.
"Well" he said. Well. Tn jiggered!
And so they actually expect US now to
buy their blarsted jobs""
Evening star., 1915-07-11
A
PUBLISHED WARDEs

boys and girls. The headmaster of
each was paid an annual salary of $500
and privileged to take in as many pay
ing scholars for his own profit as he
could manage. The education Of the
poor pupil was restricted to the three
Rs. unless he or she showed extraor-
binary intelligence. in which case they
were allowed to continue their studies
beyond the two-year limit. These two
schools were intended to be the foun-
dation of a national university in ac-
cord with the plan laid down by Wash
ington in his last will.
In 1912 the first free school in George
Evening star., 1915-07-11

as a consequence the poor and ignorant
of the population were often the dupes
of medical ouacks. who made use of
amulets. charms and other superstitious
practices. The. fee of doctor was 81
a visit: when called into the country
he received l shilling per mile, but was
enabled to make additional profit from
the sale of the drugs. which he carried
in his saddle bag.
In those days, the author states,
teaching was looked upon with some
degree of contempt. as persons who
eere unfit for any other business usu-
ally adopted that calling. All that a
Evening star., 1915-07-11

teacher was required to know was
arithmetic. which was considered the
most desirable qualification to possess.
The children of the poor were edu-
Gated from the proceeds of taxes on
slaves. dogs. taverns. hack drivers.
hucksters and peddlers. wines and Ii
Quors, theaters and billiard tables.
In 1906 the inhabitants contributed a
sum of money and the corporation ap-
propriated $500 from the tax receipts
on shops and hackney coaches to found
two schools which were known as the
Eastern and Western academies for the
education of certain number of poor
Evening star., 1915-07-11

| The form Of the head and body OF
| the common rattlesnake resembles the
copperhead, but of course the end OF
the tail is provided with jointed rat
tie. He is ground color above, cream
/, color to yellowish or very dark brown
below, with three rows of confluent ir-
regular brown spots forming zigzag
| cross blotches bordered with sulphur
yellow. His tail is black, his upper
lip is sulphur yellow, his lower lip is
lighter and his belly is yellow with
| some mottlings and sprinklings of
black. Where he is found ne may be
five feet long.
A not uncommon snake in the Dis
trict and adjacent territory is the
hog-nose snake, or spreading adder.
He is also called the black adder and
the blowing viper. He is a bad
acting" snake, but perfectly harmless.
If disturbed and cornered he will seek
% terrify you by contortions and hiss
ing, but that is all. Some specimens
are brownish or reddish, gray or black.
In the lighter colored specimens there
are dark blotches on the sides.
The Allegheny black snake, a slender,
quick and active fellow. who some
times grows to the length of eight
feet, is a common snake around WASH
ington. The black snake, or the blue
racer" is common in underground near
streams and the edges of woods. He is
very quick in getting away. but will
fight if cornered. though his bite is not
venomous. Sometimes these blue
racers" are six feet long.
The fancy marked house snake, milk
snake and chicken snake are some
times seen: tie brown snake is quite
common. and SO also are the chain
snake or king snake, the smooth green
snake or the grass snake. the keeled
green snake. the short ground snake, the
ring-neck snake, the riband snake, the
common garter snake, the short red
bellied snake and Valeria's snake, which
freuuents thi ck woods.
Evening star., 1915-07-11
chosen as the capital of a mighty ma

chosen as the capital of a mighty ma
tion.
According to the author. the population
of the city proper in 1870, nine years
after it had become the permanent seat
of government. was S.20s. exclusive Of
Georgetown. which numbered 4,94S. OF
this number one-half were of Irish
birth. most of whom spoke no English.
He describes d signboard on one of the
streets of the city with the following in
scription: Peter Rodgers. sadler. from
the green fields of Ireland and tyranny
to the green streets of Washington and
liberty AS foreign tradesmen. artificers
Evening star., 1915-07-11
If Beer Were Banished.

From the Sydney Bulletin.
81 ear some blokes sayin' the pubs
orter be shut up till the wars over ter
make 'em eagerer ter defend the coun-
try"
ivy. the country wouldn't be worth
defendin'!'