davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
100000, 900 Worth of Drugs.

Drugs for the army have cost $780,
100000 since the war began, according
to the estimate of the Pharmacie Cen
trale, from which all pharmaceutical
supplies are sent to the twenty sub
stations. This central supply house is
a very busy factory. So far as possible
all the supplies are manufactured or
bottled or made into capsules here, in
order to save expense.
as the plague of vermin abatlng: 1
asked.
1--WE are fighting it all the time" was
the non-committal reply. In order to
fight yermin $4,000 pounds of insecti-
for use in Kidding clothing or
blankets of these abominable pests In
addition almost every soldier gets
packet of some anti" powder from
home. Other packets are furnished by
the state, to be sewn into the clothing
under the arms.
Forty tons of drugs are sent out from
this establishment each day for army
use Half a dozen wagons could be
loaded with the morphine piled in
boxes in one cellar. A grim hint at the
reality of war is offered by the state
ment that $4,000 pounds of the tincture
of iodine are always kept in stock
This is used for washing wounds. The
end wall of one room was completely
covered by tubes Of red rubber, as
sorted as to size and tied in punches.
drainage tubes" said the man in
charge. For wounds"
Some Visions Of Horror.
Look at the next man you meet on
the street and try to think what he
would look like if his lower jaw were
completely cut way. Your imagination
will fail you. There are some features
that only reality can supply. But DR..
Morestin and his aids at Val de Grace
hospital are attending $50 men who
have received wounds in the face. Many
of them will escape with only such
disbursement as will induce the passer-
by hastily to look in another direction
when they are met on the street. Some
are visions of horror that could hardly
be matched in the pit.
Take them away, their own mates
in the same ward protested recently.
Put them in a room by themselves.
We cannot look at them any more.
They sicken u.s."
Their own mates, mind you.
Dr. Morestin is accomplishing daily
miracles here and at the Rothschild
Hospital, where $50 of the more pitiful
cases are hidden from the world. But
even he cannot always offer substi-
tute for a bone that has been torn
away. II you could see the eyes of
some of these men-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

that only three stellar distances were
known in 1888. twenty in 1880. sixty in
1900, two hundred or more now. Stellar
parallaxes, or the distances of the fixed
stars. are obtained through celestial
photography.
Prof Eberth, formerly professor Of
pathologic anatomy in Halle. discoverer
Of typhoid bacillus has just celebrated
his eightieth birthday.
DR.. Max Plomck, professor of physics
at Berlin, and Prof. Hugo Won Seeliger.
director Of the Munich observatory, have
been made knights Of the Prussian Order
of Merit: DIR. Ramon Y. Cajal. professor
of histology at Madrid. and DIR. c. ].
Kapteyp, professor of astronomy at
Groningen. have been appointed foreign
knights of the same order.
DR.. Theodore Mogtensen, curator of the
National Museum at Copenhagen, is in
Los Angeles conducting scientific re-
search as a guest o. the biology depart
ment Of the University of California
Prof, o. Lohse whose death has just
been announced, had been identified with
the famous Potsdam astrophysical OBJ
seryatory from its foundation. Dr. Lohse
was long an assistant of Vogel in the
latters epoch making work in spectral
analysis and celestial photography.
Prof Lohse will be remembered through
| all the coming years for his researches
| at Potsdam on the physical conditions of
Mars and Jupiter.
The geological department of Yale Uni
versity has Ave graduates on the United
States geological survey. five are state
biologists ard thrae are curators OF
geological collections in public museums.
E. w. Swanton has been elected presi-
dent of the British Theological Society
Prof. Frederick E. Clements of the
Clements spent the past summer in the
west, carrying on further investigations
into the relationship of climate and vege-
tation for the Carnegie Institution of
Washington, D. C.
| The department of pharmacy Of the
| Oregon Agricultural College has been
of the American Conference of Pharma-
ceutical Faculties.
| Prof Herbert c. Wilson of Carlton Col.
llege has been appointed visiting lecturer
lin astronomy at Harvard University
Marshal Fabyam has been promoted to be
assistant professor of comparative path
ology.
| The Royal Geographical Society will
open its new sessions November H.
| Among the papers to be read at evening
meetings are the following: The Work
OF the Peru Bolivia Boundary Commits
| Position OF the Slavs Between the Adria tic
and the Drave." THE Troad and the
Command of the Dardanelles" The VAL
Hey Of Mexico and The Gold Coast"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
Objection Is to Volume.

Furthermore, the imperial and royal
government has in no way pleaded in
favor of the principle Of Equalization"
AS matter of fact. it did not base it's
suggestion concerning the expectation
of war materials on the fact that 1t
was not in a position itself to import
war materials from the United States
of America. even il both groups Of bel
hgerents were to share in the supply
of war materials from the United
States of America. the imperial and
royal government would, nevertheless
maintain that the excessive exporta.
tton of war materials would be objec-
tionable.
The imperial and royal government
never thought of suggesting that be-
cause Austria Hungary cannot procure
war materials from the territories of
one neutral power. this disadvantage
should be balanced by prohibiting the
citizens OF that neutral power to carry
on normal trade in contraband with
the enemies OF the dual monarchy It
however, did protest against the crea-
uon OF new and the extension of ex-
listing plants for the purpose of manu-
featuring and exporting war materials
70 sucn an extent that the economic
life OF the United States has practi-
raily. so TO say. become militarized-
~ one can use word that has been
often wrongly applied.
The concentration Of a large part OF
the American working power toward
Drs goal namely. the supply OF mu-
nitlonn OF War-couStltuteE "fai,
nonNoau" which invalldates any refer
ssiss 20 allsgsdly similar cases In other
vars Nhsthsr intended or not. this
rrntratioh of the national working
poNer constitutes one-aidsd and ef.
fssttss seaport Of ons group OF bsliir
sFenis. ali the moro conspicuous since
act even non thtfRband goods are
supplied FROM the i'nited states to thu
ofhsf yfnnp - hsliiHsrenta
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
SCIENCE NOTES.

The Astronomer Royal (English) states
that only three stellar distances were
known in 1888. twenty in 1880. sixty in
1900, two hundred or more now. Stellar
parallaxes. or the distances of the fixed
stars, are obtained through celestial
photography
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
sole Source Of Supplies.

eempafissA Slth the former wars
y 81 the mafs oat ~ place sine. thos.
wars sefs Sausd between two slnsls
po~sF- ~ ~ least istveea Htoupa Of
b fss pawsfs snif when mUnitions
% ~sf ffem sHs hsgifsi country we're
ssppiisi ~ gns hsiiiHsFsHi oHiy n vas
Thea peaslhls fut the tAttsTa snslniss
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

Prof. Eberth, formerly professor OF
pathologic anatomy in Halle. discoverer
Of typhoid bacillus. has just celebrated
his eightieth birthday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
Nurses Here, All Pretty.

II there is lighter side to this grim
picture it is furnished by the Hospital
Button. which was nigh school be-
fore the war. Here 1t seemed that all
the volunteer nurses were young and
pretty. Eye never beheld before such a
galaxy of beauty. At ones elbow Mile.
Geniat, beautiful star of the Coincide
Franchise. Here was the Duchess de
This and the Baronne de That. The
Scene might have been transferred
bodily to the operate stage. even to
the trellised Chateau des Poux-Castle
OF the Fieas-in the center Of the gar
den. where the disinfecting of clothing
is carried on. More figures:
The patients in this hospital have
received $4,000 gifts since it was
opened" said Prof. Lutelle. the medi-
cine chief. 1T costs the nurses twenty
francs day each upon an average.
Each keeps her charges supplied with
the little things they long for"
1t gave one an odd sensation to watch
a woman of title doing mental tasks
about the hospital wards. They take
their work very seriously.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

tered and the percentage Of hits be-
low the waist decreased. Now that
both sides are locked up in the
trenches the man who is hit by a rine
ball is very apt to get his wound as b
The body wounSs are mostly from
shrapnel or high explosive shells.
why do not you let that man die?"
a shuddering spectator asked. refer
ring to one whose face had been cleft
away from the upper lip to the angle
Of the jaw.
He will not" said the surgeon. He
is rich and of good family. He is de-
termined to live"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
Formal Right Recognized.

The imperial and royal government
naturally never sought to prevail upon
the Washington cabinet to depart from
An existing treaty; it only pointed out
that, in it's opinion. an Interpretation
of said clause should be avoided that
would be contrary to the Fundamental
idea and the highest principles OF the
laws of neutrality. A certain danger
attaches to the gradual codihcation OF
International law, inasmuch as the
wording of the conventions governing
the laws of the nations might pc con-
sidered as more important than the eie-
snentary principles underlying these
laws when they have not been specin-
caIly formulated in international trea-
ties Such limited Interpretation
should be avoided. particularly with
respect to the laws of neutrality: for
this very reason the preamble OF the
thirteenth convention of The Hague
(second and third paragraphs), EN-
phasizes that the stipulations or this
agreement represent merely fragments
that do not apply to all the circum-
stances which may arise in practlce,
and that therefore these stipulatlons
will have to be amended or completed
according to the general principles OF
International law.
The imperial and royal government
has accordingly confined its arguments
to the question whether the interpreta-
tion of the already quoted clause would
not be limited by these principles;
when, in support of its assertion that
this would be so. it referred to the opin-
ion expressed in international law. 1t
naturally had in mind the authorities
on the subject who have specially ex-
amined whether the expectation Of war
materials, against which no objection
can be raised under normal circum-
stances, would not at times imply
Nhreach of neutrality. The assertion to
the effect that the authors unanimous
ly agree that the expectation of con-
traband is contrary to neutrality is not
to be found in any paragraph of the
note of June 20.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
Protest by Herr Einicke.

The federal government undoubtedly
will have learned that Herr Einicke
has publicly protested against the In
depreciation OF one sentence taken
from his treatise on neutrality In naval
warfare for the purpose Of Justifying
the duty Of the Washington govern
msnt! this invalidAteH the reference
made by the Washington cabinet TO
9sfmAn iufistH and the conclusions de-
duc,ed thefeffom. Furthermore, the
imperial and royal government nstur-
ally holds that neutral government
cannot isnus an embargo with the la
tsntion Of isophfdiHins tho interests Of
one Of the bsiiisufents jus, ~ hatuf.
ally. an sahefHo issusd ny the soe.
lie neutrality could never be described
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
Unable to Subscribe to Wash
ington's Interpretation of
Neutral Obligations.
RIGHT OF SALE admitted;
OBJECTS TO VOLUME ONLY
Contention Advanced That Present
War Has Created an Gun
foreseen Case"

NEW YORK, November 6.-The full
text of Austria Hungary's second note
to the United States on the subject OF
shipments of munitions by American
firms to Great Britain and her allies Is
contained in AustroHungarian news
papers which have been received mere.
The note was received by the State De-
partment at Washington october ~,
when it was announced that the state
Department would not make public the
full text. 1t conformed to the cabled
summaries, it was explained, and 1t was
said that a reply probably would not be
sent to Austria by the United States
government, as the officials at wash
ington did not believe from the tenor OF
the communication that Austria ex-
pected a reply.
While the text of the note does not
disclose any new phase of the situation.
it has value as part of the documentary
history of the relations between the
United States and the European Del
lfgerents The note, as translated from
the Austro Hungarian papers, is as fol-
lows:
Text of Vienna Note.
From the Imperial and Royal Austro-
Hungarian Minister for Foreign Al
fairs to the Ambassador of the Unit
ed States of America in Vienna.
VIENNA, September "a. 1915.
The undersigned has had the honor 10
receive the note of August ioth mum
Der PISS, in which his exceilency the
ambassador of the United States OF
America. Mr. Frederic CORTLAND Pen
field, was pleased to define the stana
taken by the government Of the Un1teo
States of America toward the Imperial
and royal government concerning the
supply of war materials 10 1Fedl oAi
ain and her allies.
The arguments set forth by the
Washington cabinet disclose the varl,
Gus viewpoints that actuate the IedeFai
government in this connection ana, III
its opinion, prevent it from taking into
account the views expressed by the i'm
perial and royal government although
the imperial and royal government mas
laid stress upon investigating most
infinitely the contentious of the WASH
inston cabinet, their most careful ex-
animation cannot move 1t to depart
from the point of view which 1t has
made clear in it's note number $3.50 OF
June 20.
The remarks of the federal govern
ment are mostly based upon the err
roneous premises that the imperial and
royal government had essentially de-
MED the right conceded by Article OF
the fifth and thirteenth conventions OF
The Hague to nationals of neutral
powers to supply contraband to bellig-
erents, whereas the imperial and royal
government had expressly stated In the
aforesaid note that the wording-and
the wording only-of the clause refer
red to formally warranted the suffer-
ance by the federal government of the
trade in war materials as at present
pursued by citizens OF the United states
of America.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07

DR.. Theodore Mortensen, curator of the
National Museum at Copenhagen, is in
Los Angeles conducting scientific re-
search as a guest o. the biology depart
ment Of the University of California
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-11-07
Slow to Call Reservists.

The Russian government was slow to
call out reservists in Siberia. Men are
few and much needed in this new coun-
try. The government has expended
great sums in encouraging emigration
to Siberia and hesitates to take the
cream Of the colony's manhood back
to the battle line. But the need evident
ly became SO great 1t was necessary
to claim Siberia's men. The railroad
guard, numbering over 10000. was
called Immediately after the regular
Then three calls were made and 1t 10
reported another Ia soon to come which
claims all men in Siberia up to forty
iye.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1915-08-20
FREE TUITION TO STUDENTS

There has been request made for |
the publication of the new school law |
giving free tuition to- students at
tending high school in other district, |
when no high shool course is taught |
in the district in which pupil lives.
This is saving OF money to parents |
and means largely-increased at |
tendance at the Meridian rural high |
school.
Extracts from the new law (article |
%, idaho school laws are as follows:
Section 1886. All school districts
within the state of Idaho which do
not maintain a 4-year high school
shall pay tuition for pupils of such
district who have completed the
course offered therein, and who de-
sire to attend high school in another
district. ii the two districts are in
the same county. the amount of tut
tion as hereinafter set forth, shall be
transferred by the county superin-
tendent from the district wherein
the pupil resides to the district wher
Elm he attends high school from the
county school fund. If the two dis
tries are in different counties the
county superintendent of one county
shall remit TO the county superin-
tendent of the other county and the
amount remitted shall be charged to
the account of the district in the
county wherein the pupil lives and
credited to the high school, Payment
/ of such high school tuition shall be
! judged a part of the necessary min
imum expense of any district in APP
plying special aid under section 81,
| chapter 159, laws 1911 as amended
i hU CO pf a 1lfo or 1 2 10 OF 9
Section 1871 The maximum rate
of tuition shall be SO per pupil per
school month with the exception that
lhighschools maintaining departments
of agriculture, home economics, man
ual training or other vocational work
may receive 81 per school month
when at least two such departments
lare approved by the county superin-
tendent of public instruction and the
Estate board of education. Tuition
shall be charged monthly and a frac-
tion of month shall be deemed a
month. No district which receives
aid under section 81 of chapter 159,
laws 1911, as amended by section 2
of chapter 13 of the laws 1912, shall
Icharge more than SO per month tut
tion.
Section 1913. Bills of tuition of
nonresident pupils shall be rendered
be the superintendent of the high
school district in which the pupils
. are attending school, and when ap-
proved by the county superintendent
such superintendent is empowered to
make the proper transfer of funds
The state board of education shall
prepare and have printed and dis
tributed a sucient number of hlanl
Z forms for this purposes
Section 199. Every high schoc
! within the state of Idaho subject t
2 the general school laws of the stat
: shall receive nonresident pupils upo
= the high school district: Provided
! that the county superintendent shal
= be the judge of such cases subject t
: review by the state board of educa
ton, and Provided. further. that higl
schools shall not be required to admi
Pupils who have not passed tn
e eighth grade state examination, or il
e some other n1anner established thei
: fitness 10 enter said school.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1915-08-20
The Expense of Operating an Automobile

but contend that the popularity Of
the auto is largely due to the fact
that so little is known at present as
to the actual cost of running a mac
hine. 1t must be evident that the
ratio of Improvement and price-cut-
ting cannot continue indefinitely--it's IS
burning the candle at both ends.
Recent inquiries as to the cost of
operating an automobile have pro-
duced some remarkable and wholly
irreconcilable figures. In fact there
are but few people who have even an
approximate idea of the cost. Below
is given the record of several cars
teach of different type) used by
the United States government in its
Reclamation Service. The figgres
can be regarded as fairly represent
atiye of the average cost Of operating
cars of similar type and capacity.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1915-08-20

The popularity of the auto at pres
ent cannot be questioned. Whether
IL will continue to grow in favor un-
til it practically supersedes every 9TH
er method OF conveyance is a ques-
tion in the minds of many. 1t used
to be regarded as luxury some
thing only the rich man could afford.
At present it does seem to be out of
the reach of anybody
During recent years the automobile
has been wonderfully improved, and
at the same time the price thereof
has been almost cut in two. Some
think that there is lots of room left
for improvements and great reduct-
ions in the cost of manufacture, and
that soon the auto will be the princi-
pal method of conveyance. Others
admit that there is still some room,
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1915-08-20
VISIT TO AGUINALDo.

James G. Scott, recently of Boise,
writes to relatives here of visit he
and Mrs. Scott made to the home of
the famous Philippine leader, Aguin-
aldo. Mr. Scott is son of Nathan
Scott, of Boise. With Mrs. Scott he
left for the Philippines in March last.
He writes: In company with the
commandant of the United States ma
val station at Cavite, Captain Moses,
we crossed in naval launch to Ka-
wit and called at the Generals home,
where he made us welcome with true
Philippine hospitality. We talked
for an hour with very interesting
man. His home in Kawit, surrounded
by waving bamboo, palms and fir
trees, is the most beautiful in the
province. The attitude of this Fill
pino, supporting the work of the gov
ernment, is of inestimable influence,
and differs from that of most Fili-
pino leaders.
Before we left he showed us where
shell from one of Dewey's guns had
entered one side of his house.
Mr.. ana Mrs Scott are pleasantly
located at Cavite,the capital of Cavite
province Mr.. Scott is superintend-
ent of schools for the division which
includes Cavite province and Correg-
idor Island, on which are located US.
fortificationc rivaling those of Glib
ralter. Mrs. Scott teaches the Cavite
high school in which $40 pupils are
enrolled. They state they have pleas
ant associations. there being many
american civilians and navy officials
living in Cavite. Mrs. Scott was for
merly Miss vena Caldwell, and taught
In the Maple Grove school near Mer-
idian.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1915-08-20
Record of 10 Passenger Can

5 passenger. 40 horsepower car purchased March Il
a D
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1915-08-20

commercially, an additional charge of
&c per mile should be added to the
above figures to cover the expense of
a driver, which at the same time re-
duces the available seats for passen-
gers and thereby raises the rate per
passenger
1t is practically certain, therefore,
that the successful operation of the
automobile in competition with the
steam and electric cars is an impos-
sibility. The convenience afforded
and pleasure obtained from a mach
inc is its greatest recommendation,
but just as soon as the actual cost of
owning and operating an auto is fully
understood more and more people viii
come to the conclusion that they can
not afford such a luxury.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1915-08-20

1t is generally conceded that, in
their respective classes, the Buick
and the Ford cars are the cheapest,
both in point of original cost and ex-
pense to run, There is absolutely no
question but that the larger and more
expensive cars cost more per mile to
operate. s.
That even the cheapest cars cannot
be operated successfully at present in
competition with steam and electric
cars is very evident when the above
costs per passenger mile are compar-
ed with the prevailing railroad pas
senger rates throughout the western
states, e., &c per mile.
For any automobile that is operated