davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1915-05-22

Mn WO streaks OF rust and the right
A OF way was the expression used
III in describing the Panama Rail-
F road when the United States
took over the road from the French
Canal Company. Seven million was
allowed for the railroad IN the Canal
deal II had cost the French Com
pany $4,000. 100000 twenty three
years before but this was due TO the
fact that the French were compelled
TO have the railroad IN order 10 build
the canal. for when the Columbian
Government granted the Panama
Railroad franchise in 1S49 they
agreed that there should be no other
interoceanic communication across
the Isthmus without the consent OF
the Panama Company. so the railroad
named its own price. But when the
United States wanted TO buy the
French thought best TO sell at whai
was offered. believing that with 8
canal the railroad would lose in value
Good Investment.
Aside from It's great part in build
ing the Canal the railroad has proved
one OF the best paying Investment
the United States has ever had, 70
IN ten years It's profits have been SOM
SIS, 900. 900. .00-more than twice tn
amount paid for It. The right o
way has been entirely relocated. 70
Evening journal., 1915-05-22
1|5IYT 3012e SL22esT h9pDSA'
70HDzIof ZTSRzS2 m 6f2S
N/eT 3SR0O2

ers. drivers. etc, they began their ca
reer Of thieving.
As most of the victims were from
the United States our Government be-
gan 70 look about for some way OF
providing the American with a safer
mode of travel across the Isthmus.
The matter of railroad building was
taken up by Congress at the session
of 1s4S-9, and a survey was author
lied for the purpose of constructing
a road across the Isthmus. In De-
cember of that year three Americans.
william Henry Aspinwall. John Lloyd
stephens and Henry Chauncey, OBJ
tained a grant from New Granada un-
der the name Of the Panama Railway
Company. II was merely modihed
form of the Klein concession and the
road was TO be completed in six years.
A few months later the Legislature
Of the State of New York passed an
act Incorporating the Panama Rail-
road Company with a capital stock OF
one million dollars, with the privi-
lege of increasing II to five million
dollars. 1t also gave the company
the right TO begin operations when
| $500. 100000 had been subscribed and
a certain per cent paid in. The COM
pany at once sent Colonel G. W
Hughes and a party of expert en-
gineers to the Isthmus to make q
survey for the road. In the mean.
time they also made a contract with
Colonel George NJ. Totten and Johr
c. Trautuine for the construction OF
the road. These men were later re
leased from their contract and mad'
associate engineers with Aspinwal
and stephens IN the construction o
the road built by the company.
II cost Mr.. stephens his life ant
the other engineers their health. Tw'
= Of them resigned ~ The sna sf tn
Evening journal., 1915-05-22

bottles by squeezing them and pre-
venting It from flowing back by fast
ening the necks. Crude as this method
was. 1t is the principle which highly
developed, is used in the submarine
of today.
Attack on the British.
Very few histories Of the War OF the
American Revolution mention subma-
rines. yet one OF these craft was used
In an attack on British ships in New
York harbor.
David Bushnell. an American, made
several successful underwater trips
in a copper vessel which, because OF
its shape, he called "The Turtle" A
number OF old diagrams Of this craft
have been preserved.
The Turtle was propelled by oars
The paddle with which she was
steered and the other three oars OF
paddles were OF course fitted into air
tight holes. The boat was caused tc
sink or rise by pumping water into ol
out OF the tanks. II had a conninl
tower just about large enough for {
mans head. The port holes were o
glass. Bushnell employed a safet!
weight. This was large lump o
lead which was to be unscrewed
anything went wrong and the vesse
would not rise when the water wa
pumped out or II the pumps shoul
not work.
She boasted a bomb. or detachabl
charge of powder. which was to b
used to blow in the bottom Of yes
sci.
Tried TO BLOW Up a Frigate.
So successful were the trials Of tn
Turtle that the inventor obtained per
mission from General Parsons
blow up the British frigate Eagle, 6
. guns. which was living with the fee
Evening journal., 1915-05-22
Early History of the
MostDeadly ofMod-
ern Sea Fighters.
lRY y. p. PEYTON.l

~HE submarine is a power TO be
reckoned with In modern war
fare Everyone knows OF the
- almost Herculean feats these
under-sea fighters have accomplished
N the present conflict.
They have proved beyond all man
ner of doubt their practcability in
actual warfare and they have been
haNed as the newest engine Of death
and destruction. In anything approx
inaating their present degree Of per-
fection they are new, but submarine
navigation Is centuries old and at
fenpts at It were made before the
birth OF Christ Certain old records
mentioned an under-sea galley which
the Phoenicians invented, but no de-
tails are given as 10 construction, and
the date of the invention is unknown.
First Used Diving Bells.
Aristotle is authority for tho story
that when Alexander tho Great laid
siage TO the Phoenician city OF Tyre
he used diving bells 10 get men into
the city TO start fires While the ap-
paratus used by Alexander we're not
submarine boats. they al least showed
that the ancients realized the war value
Of operating under water, and had
knowledge Of the principles on which
the science Is founded today.
Another early attempt at submarine
work is mentioned by an Arabian his
torian. Bohaddin. who says that a
diver entered the harbor of Ptolemais
in 1850 while the city was under siege
Although this man successfully eluded
the hostile vessels no details OF his
apparatus are given by Bohaddin.
The next important step In subma'
rine navigation was made by Corne
iius Van Drebel. Dutch physician
who, IN 1920. constructed the frs
actual boat for use under water o
which we have any authentic descrip
lion. This craft was constructed o
wood and was made water tight b.
creased leather which was stretches
tightly over the entire hull.
"she carried twelve rowers beside
.passen gers. and made journey o
several hours at a depth OF from
10 Is feet The holes OF the oars wer
made TO hold the water by leathe
Joints" Is the description given 4
New Experiments. Physico, Mechani
cal" by Robert Boyle. oxford, 1850.
Evening journal., 1915-05-22

failed. This was many years ago, for
the two oceans have been linked by
rail since 1855.
The war between the United States
and Mexico resulted in a treaty signed
on February ?, 1s4s, which made Cali
fornia a part OF the Union. Almost
simultaneously with the signing OF the
treaty gold was discovered in that
state and thousands OF gold seekers
from the east started for the new
land. The journey across the country
was long and hazardous as the wagon
trains were frequently attacked by In
dians. The trip TO California around
Cape Horn was long, expensive and
equally dangerous for many OF the
vessels were unseaworthy and wreck,
with great loss OF life were com.
mon occurrence.
Evening journal., 1915-05-22
practical depth.
The Sea Devil.


The Sea Devil.
lie Diable Marin" (The Sea DeviD
was one Of the most famous Of the
nineteenth century submarines. II
was the invention of Wilhelm Bauer.
who launched It in 1855. This vessel
was built of iron. She was So feet
long, - feet wide and IL feet deep
and shaped somewhat like a dolphin.
Her sides were six-tenths of an inch
thick and could resist the pressure of
15O-foot column of water.
The motive power was provided by
screw which was operated by a
treadmill and the up or down motion
was achieved by shifting water in
llongitudinal tanks by means of pis-
tons At the bow was a bomb or tor
pedo containing 500 pounds of pow
der and near It were two heavy India
rubber gloves by means of which a
man inside the vessel could reach out
and fasten the bomb to the bottom
or side Of a ship.
To purify the air, Bauer arranged
Hong pipes which sprayed water con-
t!nually and which were quite effect
i've in revivifying the stale air for a
short time.
Remained Long Under Water.
The Russian government supplied
him with a crew of thirteen men who
were TO make a trial trip with him
hut on his first descent they were sc
ALARMED as to be useless and when
the Diable Marin rose again to the
surface they cried. "Staba Bochu,'
which means. praise be to Cod
When his men were more accustomed
to the work Bauer executed man,
wonderful maneuvers. and on one oc
lcasion stayed under water while h'
wrote letters to his mother, Kini
Macmillan of Bavaria and the Crane
Duke Constantine.
! The David.
The American Civil War great,
stimulated schemes for submarin
Z navigation, although few practica
vessels resulted. The Federal govern
2 ment tested several craft in the Hud
r son river, but none were of any use
= The Confederates did. however, de
o velop a type known from the name G
the first of their class as "Davids,
r which did some effective work. Thes
> were technically submersibles rathe
q than submarines. The hull was com
G pletely under water though a low cor
n ming tower which protruded a fe'
inches above the surface enabled tn
n navigator to see where he was steel
IS ing.
g The David, the original OF its clas
v was first tried in Charleston harbo
Evening journal., 1915-05-22
Trying Days.


A large number of persons went by
way of the Isthmus of Panama, ship
ping from New York on steam
ers TO the Atlantic side of the
Isthmus and crossing by trail with
pack animals to the Pacific side,
where they reshipped to san Fran
cisco. The trail across the Isthmus
was only fifty miles in length, but
after a time it became even more
perilous than the long trip across the
States or the sail around the Horn
The sudden development OF the pack
mule-train business on the Isthmu'
brought a large number Of adven'
turers from South America-Chileans
Peruvians. Indians and mixed breeds
They came solely 70 plunder and rob
and after obtaining positions as pack
Evening journal., 1915-05-22

~HE submarine is a power TO be
receoned with In modern war
fare. Everyone knows OF the
- almost Herculean feats these
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1915-11-26
A NEW JEWISH LODGE.

The Jewish community Of Minneapolis
has been enriched by the organization of
a new Jewish lodge, which plans to make
itself felt in the Jewish life of the city.
Sunday evening, November 81, at the
SHAREHOLDER Synagogue the organization
meeting was held. The lodge is chapter
of the Progressive Order Of the West and
was named the Leo. M. Frank lodge, (No
279), in honor Of recent Jewish martyr.
The following slate of officers was
elected: President, Samuel Morris; vice
pres, Meyer Kaplan; secretary, Abraham
Shedlov; treasurer, Martin Ginsburg;
trustees, Jacob Bezner, Simon Shartan and
Jacob j. Shedlov; outside guardian, Sam
Miller; chaplain, Henry Morris; expresi-
dent, Louis Blumberg.
The lodge was installed by the Grand
Master, Mr.. Frank, from st. Louis, Mo-
Charter membership including free doc
tors examination has been left open I'M
til the next meeting, Sunday evening, Dec.
5th Further information can be obtained
from the secretary, 812 Bryant ave. No.,
or from the president, S02 Bryant ave. No.
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1915-11-26
November 70, 1915.
SOCIAL NEWS
Entertaining.

Entertaining.
DR.. and Mrs. Harry Rothschild, 9S6 Lin
coin ave, celebrated their third wedding
anniversary, receiving informally, at their
home, Saturday evening, Nov goth.
Mrs l. E. Rose, 705 Summit ave., enter
tanned at dinner in honor of her cousin,
Mrs. Kline, of Cleveland, Monday, Nov.
90
Mrs Bennett Buchanan, ~ Kent street,
entertained at bridge, on Friday afternoon,
Nov. 18th.
Mrs. Murray Marx Of the Aberdeen, en-
tertained at luncheon and bridge, Tues
day, Nov. %. Cards were played at two
tables.
Mrs. Wm Weiskopf, 766 Linwood Pl.,
will entertain at bridge, Friday afternoon,
Nov. Goth, in honor of the visitors.
Mrs. Louis R. Frankel, 81 N. Oxford,
will be informally at home in honor Of her
sister, Mrs. Sam Plechner Of Seattle,
WASH, Saturday afternoon, Nov. q.
Club Noes.
The Temple Alumni Association gave a
beautifully appointed dance, Wed. evening,
Nov 23rd, in the dance hall Of the Church
Club, corner Dale and Portland aves.
Novel programs consisted of the associa-
tion colors, maroon and champagne
The Jewish Home for the aged of St.
Paul, IS Wilkin ST., held it's Annual Pound
Party, Sunday afternoon, Nov. Fl. mu-
steal and literary program was rendered
in connection with the event. The mu-
steal numbers consisted of vocal selections
by Mrs. Fanny Podlasky and Miss Hedwig
Schein, and violin solos by Sam Jacobs
and M. Lazarus. Miss Ruth Edelstein
rendered some very pleasing recitations.
Rabbi Kahn delivered stirring appeal for
fidelity to the ideals Of orthodoxy in the
management Of the home and warned his
audience against being weaned away from
these ideals. Mr.. Loevinger presided over
the program and spoke on the value and
need of an institution of that kind in the
community. The meeting was largely at
tended, and the audience was very much
pleased with the program.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1915-04-08
STOP BUYING EXPENSIVE
COUGH REMEDIES
Make the Best at Home

Money spent for the old style, ready.
made, cough syrups in bottles holding
only2 to 21a ounces is very largely
wasted because most of them are com
posed principally OF sugar and water
Yet you have to pay the same price as
though it was all medicine. Stop vast
ing this money. You can make bet
ter cough medicine at home at one
fifth the cost. Merely go 10 Matthews
Il Nights Drug Store and ask for 9
ounces (50c WORTH of Schiifman's Con-
centrated Expectorant. Mix this with
one pint of graduated sugar and one
half pint of boiling water, which makes
a full pint Q6 ounces) This new, sim
pie, pleasant remedy is guaranteed to
relieve the worst cough or cold. Also
excellent for Bronchial Asthma, Bron-
chitis, Group, hoarseness and whOoping
cough. One bottle will make enough
homemade cough medicine to probab-
ly last the whole family the entire win
ter. Children like it, it is so pleasant
to take and it positively contains no
chloroform, opium, morphine or other
narcotics as do most cough mixtures.
Keep it on hand in case of emergency
and stop eachNcough before it gets a
firm hold. The above druggists have
been authorized to return the money in
every single case where it does not give
perfect satisfaction or is not found the
best remedy ever used. Absolutely no
risk is run in buying this remedy under
this positive guarantee.-Adv.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1915-04-08
The Goraons.

The Gorgons were creatures Of Greek
mythology, mentioned by Homer and
Euripides as being Of peculiarly nbhor-
rent aspect. Their hair was composed
of serpents, their bodies covered with
scales and girdled with reptiles with
heads erect, vibrating their tongues
threateningly, while the hands of the
Gorgons, adorned with sharp talons,
were OF brass. The gaze of the mon
sters was deadly, all upon whom they
fixed their eyes being turned to stone.
One Of the three terrible sisters was
conquered and beheaded by Perseus,
and as he took fight I'm the air Ell route
for Ethiopia, holding the severed head
in his hands, the drops of blood which
fell from it became serpents, which
ever after infested the sands of Lydia
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1915-04-08
FEATS OF DIVERS.
Remarkable Endurance of the Pearl
Fishers Of Torres.

Remarkable Endurance of the Pearl
Fishers of Torres.
The greatest depth recorded of work
done by Il diver in suit is 1S2 feet.
This depth was reached by the Spanish
diver, Angel Erostarbe, who recovered
$4,000 in silver ingots from the wreck
of the steamship Skyro off Cape FINS
terre. The sponge divers Of the Medl-
terranean work at maximum of $50
feet and the Australian pearlers at
100 feet
Tue greatest depths reached by div
ers without apparatus are used by the
pearl fishers OF Torres, mostly Malay
ans from the smaller islands. They go
down with the aid Of stone and 2
loop in the rope thereto attached W.T..
they clutch with their toes, these or
gans being far more prehensile than
in races normally shod. They seldom
venture to descend below fifty feet, n
depth at which they can remain for
two minutes. The stone enables them
to remain at the bottom while they are
sweeping the pearl oysters into a bas-
ket attached to the stone. When the
diver feels that he must come up to
breathe he releases his toes from the
beckett in the rope and at once floats
to the surface.
Young and healthy Malayan divers
working oyster beds below six fathoms
make four .descents an hour dGr.ng
four hours in the morning and the
same during four hours in the after
noon following four hour rest \
civilized man at depth Of forty-two
feet finds such a dive lntolerable after
q single minute.-New York Sun.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1915-04-08
Doors In China.

In China doors are often round, leaf
shaped or semicircular. In placing
them the builder usually avoids having
one opposite another lest evil spirits
find their way from the street into the
recesses of the building. The door
ways separating the courts of gar
den are usually of an elaborate kind,
and the Octagonal form Is one Of the
most popular Religious superstition
asserts itself in Chinese architecture,
and the universal sacredness of the
numerals 3 and o IS shown in the ar
rangement of temple doors. There is
a triple gateway to each of the halls
of the imperial palace, and the same
order prevails at the Ming tombs. The
Temple of Heaven has Il triple roof, a
triple marble staircase, and all its mys-
tic symbolism points either to 3 or its
multiples.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1915-04-08
DAUGHTER OF EVE FINDS
JOY IN SPRING FASHIONS
Visit to Establishment of B. Sege Co.. Detroit Shows
Dainty Feminine Wear of Models Wholly
New This Season
New This Season.

ed to the more elaborate models-and
to motor coats, too.
The new dresses are just delight
full, simple, but not plain. Little party
and evening frocks for debutantes-
frocks OF shimmering taffeta, made in
high-waisted, full-shrted fashions,
loveliest afternoon and street jumper
dresses, and simple plated frocks.
Here found quaint Cld-fashioned GRIN
oline pompadour taffeta. And such
pretty colorings! Hundreds Of women
might choc from them and all be
colors are beautifully blended, the
laces are soft and fine and the silks,
| thought, of beautiful quality.
BIouses In New Models.
Il fairly aroused my patriotism to
find how American manufacturers have
achieved new triumphs this season In
blouses of georgette crepe, soft crepe
de chimes, laces and nets and in cot
ton blouses- in which the tendency was
toward simple effects. Whatever the
color of the new spring suit, found
that II could be accompanied by a
blouse matching II to the fashionable
shade Silk and lingerie blouses are
found in many new models, including
the militaire, the Elton and the peasant,
/ was shown some hand-embroidered
voiles in the most delicate shades of
sand, putty, flesh and maize ,Eery beau
tiful-high or low necks. There are
also some new things in striped hand
kerchief linens and number of new
ideas in collar and neck arrangements.
Just a word about the skirts, be-
cause 80 much interest is conferred
in their circular hare styles; the new
scalloped yoke and the very much APP
preciated pockets seen in many. The
four or 1ve-yard skirt seems to be
the fashionable model, but a little
saleswoman told me, confidentially,
that some skirts have even attained
superfullness Of 10 to IL yards.
Shadow of the crinoline of anti-bellum
daysl
Last, and in some ways more in
teresting than all, was my visit to the
fourth floor, which is given over to
smart apparel for misses, girls and
children.
For Winsome Maidens.
Youthful indeed are the misses
suits and wraps, with every smart
touch seen in garments for the grown
ups, and yet with chicness all their
own. For the winsome maiden there
are nainsooks. lawns. dimitles, voiles
and crepes, white or delicate of hue,
trimmed with tho daintiest of laces
and embroidery--not elaborate, of
course, but bewitchingly simple and
sweet.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1915-04-08
Mortgage Sale.

Default having been made ina the conditions oi
"a certain mortgage maze and executed by 0ucr-
wood Hopkins, and Lillian Hopkins, MS vic, OF
st. Clair City, County Oh ST. CAR, MiCh-.u,
parties OF the first part, 10 The Connie cai
Bank. Port Huron. Michigan, party Oh ,ue
second part, bearing date the 18th ddy Oh
June, One thousand Right hundred AnG
Nlnety-hVe Wui mortgage Was recorded
In the once of the register Of Deeds for 80.
Clair County, state of Michigan, ON the lst day
OF July, 1898, In LiDer "a OF Mortgages ON Page
325, on which mortgage there Is claimed TO be-
due and remaining unpaid at thl Date of tIIr
notice the sum OF one Thousand, Two uuddrgu
Six Dollars (Si,2O6 UJj together NllI au att
tOrneys fee Oi lnrty-hYe Dollars provided Tor
IN the said mortgage aud no SUIT, nor proceeding
AT law, nor equity, having been Instituted 10 Tee
cover the moneys secured 10y said mortgage. now
therefore notice hereby is gwen, That % Yr-
tue OF the power OF sale cOuUued iu said mort
gage and the Statute applicable luCfelO, SAID
mortgage VIII be GorecOsed By the sale col tue
premise 5 described therein at pubic auction, 70
the highest bidder, at the front door Oh tne
court mouse and city hail, that being me place
where the Circuit Court Tor 81. Ciar county Is
held IN the city OF Port Huron, tQunty OF 81
lair, aforesaid on the 9TH day Of June, 1919, az
ten O'Clock in the forenoon OF SAID Gay, IIGuu-
SEES described In said mortgage and TO be sid
are as follows: The north half OF alter Lot
seventeen III, North OF Pine River I'm the ity
of ST. Clair, county VI st. ,ls4r, ana o,ate VI
Michigan.
Dated March lst 1910
THE COMMERCIAL BANK,
MOORE & WILSON, MOrtgagee
Attorneys for Mortgagee is-i3
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1915-04-08
TESTING CONCRETE.
Experiments to Show the Action Of
Sea Water and Frost.

Experiments TO Show the Action Of
Sea Water and Frost.
zone Of the largest construction com
Danies In this country is making ex-
periments to determine what IS the ac-
ton of sea water and frost upon CON
crete. According TO Science C0nspec-
tus. the company made twenty-four
concrete columns. each sixteen feet
long and sixteen inches square, re-en-
forced with iron bars near their cor
ners, and in January, 1909. immersed
them in the water ut the Boston navy
yard
At high tide the water almost entire
ly covers them. but at low tide they are
completely exposed Thus I'm cold
weather the columns are alternately
thawed and frozen as the tide rises
and falls. The columns are made with
various qualities of concrete-mixcd
dry plastic and very wet-and also
with different qualities of cement. FIX
perts are studying the effects of the
addition of waterproofing materials.
Clay and other substances are added
from time to time and the effect is OBJ
served
Many years must elapse before it
will be possible to tell with certainty
what kind of concrete is most perma-
nent When last examined many Of
the columns were virtually unaffected.
but others were badly eroded. The
columns that contain the largest pro-
portion of cement. mixed wet, have so
far shown the least wear OF two COLI
umns made with one part of cement to
one of sand and two of stone the one
mixed dry was badly eroded over its
entire length. whereas the other,
which was mixed very wet was only
slightly pitted.
The experiment, it is expected. will
throw much light upon problem that
has long perplexed construction en-
gineers.