davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
WINDBREAK IN AN ORCHARD
One Great Drawback Is That Unless
Watched Closely Breeding Place
Is Afforded insects.
By L. Army. Cornell University

(By L. Army, Cornell University
The important point is to place the
tree in such a place that it will have
the advantage of high altitude, which
means good air drainage, but at the
same time that it will not be exposed
to high winds. which means quick
evaporation. The best means of ac-
complishing this is to provide the
orchard with windbreak.
Windbreaks should be planted with
care and judgment, since they often
become hindrance instead of a help
in places where they are wrongly
planted. The one great drawback to
them is the fact that unless watched
very closely they may become breed
ing place for dangerous insects; but
If care is exercised in this direction
the good effects of them will over
balance this point. That is, If the
orchard is regularly and intelligently
sprayed, the insect problem is not an
economically serious one
Windbreaks should contain both
evergreen ant deciduous trees. The
object is not to stop the wind, since
that would be almost as harmful as
having too much, but 1t is simply to
check 1t so that the force will be
broken by the time 1t reaches the
trees. To this end the evergreens will
check the wind during the winter and
the deciduous ones will help during
the summer. Aside from this point,
the break made from the mixed types
OF tree will be more efficient than the
one composed of all evergreens, al
though the latter will check the winds
both during winter and summer.
The spruces are probably the most
common evergreen trees that are used
for this purpose, because they are com
paratively quick growers and make
good growth on a wide range of soils.
Among the deciduous trees the naples
and the birches lead, and both do we'll
under varying conditions The trees
are planted closer at first than they
are wanted, so that an immediate eff
feet can be gotten, and as soon as they
begin to grow or so make the break
too dense, enough are taken out SO
that the break will not be barrier.
When properly placed, the wind.
break can befone of the greatest Gs.
sets the fruit grower can have. This
fact is just being realized, and has
been brought to light by the large
amount of injury incident 10 exposed
and unprotected orchard sites.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26

feathers for market fowls, but those
who do not look with this Partially
on the white varieties will find an ex-
cellent choice in the Cayuga duck
Cayugas are splendid birds for a
restricted range and breed we'll in
confinement They are quiet, docile,
and form a strong attachment for
their home, evincing no inclination or
desire to stray far away from the
place where they were bred. They
are hardy and profitable, producing
from eighty to ninety eggs in the
spring, and sometimes they also lay
again in the autumn. They are easily
kept in good condition, but If fed too
literally they will fatten too quickly
and will become too heavy behind.
The ducklings are hardy and easy to
raise, and attain good size and weight
at an early age.
A duck run should be disinfected at
least once year. This is best done
by growing a green crop in 1t while
the ducks are occupying an alternate
run. There is very little danger Of
overwhelming the laying duck STEPPED
or cooked cut clover hay is a good
substitute for green food in the win
ter.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26

seen In the middle of the field are q
nuisance and they are very unsightly.
The ground there is improbable, and
the rocks are doing no one any good,
If some unsightly hollow or mud hole
is filled with them, then there are two
places bettered and two pieces of
ground that are capable of becoming
profitable.
A scraggy apple tree is in sense a
waste place, for of what profit are
those dead limbs and suckers? How
much better a well-trimmed tree
looks, The fruit is much better, there
fore, more profitable. Who is there
that likes a small, hard, wormy APP
pie? With a little cutting away Of
the useless wood and the proper care
good, large and profitable fruits can
be had.
A clean yard will create a disgust
for a dirty or cluttered-up one. A we'll.
kept lawn or garden shows energy and
thrift, while weeds or anything that in
any way diflgures the garden. field
or even the small corner shows lack
of thought and good deal of shift
lessness.
How slovenly 1t looks to see bushes
on the side of the road, a bunch Of
bushes here and there In the field.
There is no profit in them Such
farms can be improved, so that from
being able to produce little else but
weeds, they win raise the largest and
best of crops, The idle months of the
winter season are an ideal time to look
after such things, and | am sure that
the time spent In cleaning up such
places will be time spent very profit
ably.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26

There is enjoyment in working a
waste into thing of beauty and prof
II Still more, there is enjoyment in
doing something that will be a pleas
We to others. The cleaning up of
such places along the roadside and in
the fields, and perhaps, around the
house, will surely be doing that which
Will please the sight of others who
pass by.
A swamp is an unsightly place as
well as a disease breeder. Then there
are the returns, which are quite large,
says an Illinois writer In Farm Prog
ress. | have In mind a man In my
neighborhood who only few years ago
mad swamp near his house, and with
Just little work In draining and clean
ing up he has made 1t into one OF the
best garden spots that | have ever
seen.
1t is simply astonishing to see the
amount Of garden stun now produced
on that spot, which only a few years
ago was nothing but a nasty pond Of
water. or course, it is not consistent
to think that all waste places can be
cleaned up at once; but the sooner this
is begun the sooner 1t will be over.
Nor can we expect to get the largest
profit out of the waste places the first
year. 1t will depend somewhat on the
kind Of waste 1t is-whetler swamp
In the middle of the held or a heap of
rocks. 1t will depend on the kind of
after treatment 1t receives.
Some places will bring more profit
when put in one thing and some in
another. This is matter that must
be studied out by the individual farm.
or Rock heaps such as | have often
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
JAPAN CLOVER FOR PASTURE
Annual Leuume Grows Well and Pro
duces Fair Amount Of Hay In
Many of Southern States.

japan clover Is an annual legume
which grows well and produces a fair
amount Of hay In Louisiana, Arkansas
and other lower Mississippi valley
states. Conditions very similar to
these exist in the extreme southeast.
ern portion of Oklahoma. However, II
you go farther to the north and west
where conditions are dry 1t grows but
four to six inches high and is suitable
only for pasture.
Seed can be secured from any seed
company in the southeastern states
1t may be seeded either in the fall or
early spring. The rate of seeding
should depend upon the purpose for
which It is planted; that is, whether
seeded by itself or q mixture of some
other pasture crop. Fifteen to twenty
pounds Of seed is usually used per
acre.
The seed is sowed both in the hull
and hulled conditions. In the un'
threshed condition a bushel will weigh
from fifteen to forty-five pounds. When
threshed II has about the same weight
az alfalfa or clover seed.
In this state Japan clover is suitable
only for pasture and is probably bet.
ter In a mixture. II does fairly well
in bermuda or in native grass. II
volunteers each year so that II is
necessary to SOW but once. unless the
pasture is kept very close. II Is easily
killed out by cultivation, hence cannot
be considered a weed Those contem-
plating trying this crop should do so
first on a very small area in order to
Judge its value.-Department Of
Agronomy. Oklahoma A. and M. Col
lege. saltwater
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
Feed Rack Saves Waste.

equal chance at the feed. The width
should be 6 to feet and it may be as
long az the size Of the herd demands.
I used 2 by 6-inch plank, and inch
boards in building mine. The top and
bottom rails are 2 by SIS 16 feet long.
The uprights are 5 feet 4 inches long
and are cut from 2 by 6 planking is
feet long The posts are strong and
firmly set in the ground feet apart.
The uprights are nailed to the rails
IL inches apart. On the inside Of tho
rack inch boards are nailed to the up
rights above the lower rail to height
OF 16 or 20 inches. The rack should
be cross braced at both ends and there
should be crosspiece through the
center for each two posts.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
USE FOR cOTT0NSEED HULLS
May Be Fed With Meal, Thereby Less
enlne Corn Requirement Of AMI
mais-Don't Waste Feed.

II hay is scarce a part OF the rough
age-probably one-half Of it-may be
cottonseed hulls, with which may be
few two pounds Of eottonseed meal
a day. thereby lessening the corn re-
uuired by four pounds day; but this
Is probably as much cottonseed prod.
ucts as should be fed to horse or
mule. There will be no economy In
allowing the horses and mules to be-
come poor during the winter. beccu-s
of the scarcity and high price Of feeds.
No feed should be wasted. but there
are other ways of saving feed The
animal that has q good, clean. dry
place to lie down. where he is pro
tected from wind and rain. and is fed
regularly. viii keep in good condt
ton on less feed than the one not
given such attention and protection
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
BEST TIME TO CUT ALFALFA
To Preserve Plant In Good Vigor II
Must Be Cut az Shoots for Sec
ond Crop Are Starting.

It is very easy, in giving advice, to
see only one or two things and not
see how the advice might run counter
to some other important things. For
instance, we notice in some of our
exchanges the advice to let alfalfa
that is intended for hay for horses
stand till 1t is well along in bloom,
says Hoard's Dairyman. Now that
may do very we'll for the physiology Of
the horse but not so well for the phys
iology of the alfalfa plant.
If you are to preserve the alfalfa in
good vigor, you must cut It just as the
shoots for the second crop are start,
ing from the crown. The reason for
this is that at that time the mower
will not clip the heads off the com.
ing growth. II they are clipped they
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26

fARM5N0TES

Proper feed and care viii insure q
lusty lot Of lambs in the spring.
Prompt attention to slightly ailins
eve may save many dollars In q flock.
Roots are nearly indispensable for
the profitable feeding of sheep in win
ter.
The more bedding the more ma
nure; the more manure the more
crops.
The real stock man never permits
the young things to stop growing fol
q moment
n a sheep has snufies II il q sure
sign OF exposure or mismanagemeni
somewhere.
Sheep viii not stand exposure but
they do want good air and proper ven
tilation in the pens
Feed grain 10 the young. growing
things on the farm during the whites
Nothing win pay better.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
GOOD START WITH CHICKENS
Amateur Should Begin With Few
Fowls, Using Best Breeds and
Carefully Note Mistakes

The beginner who has had no en-.
perience with poultry Is usually an
enthusiast, and aims to do too much
In a short time.
No one should expend q sum OF
money without at least fully under.
standing the objects In view and how
TO accomplish them The beginner
should begin with q few fowls. using
pure breeds. carefully noting all mis-
takes made.
At the end Of the year he may find
that he has failed to make . profit.
but he win have acquired knowledge
hat win prove valuable In the future.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
WATERING COWS IN WINTER
Best Results Cannot Be Expected
When Animal ls Compelled to
Drink From Hole Cut In Ice.

Cows should never be turned out in
very cold weather and forced to go to
pond or creek for water. The prac-
tice is costly one. The extra feed re-
quired to counterfeit the effect Of the
chill would soon pay for getting sup
ply of water in the barn. When cows
are turned out on cold days, often hav-
Ing to drink from hole cut through
the ice, they will not drink all they
need, but only enough to satisfy the
immediate thirst The exceptionally
cold water and even the colder atmos-
phere chills them to the bone and they
will hurry back to the barn. Often
they will not go near the water with
out being driven.
The practice not only is cruel, but 1t
is expensive. II production record
was kept 1t would be found that every
time the cows we're turned out in the
cold the yield of the milk would be re-
duced materially. II would be on ac-
count of two reasons First, because
best results could not be obtained
when the animal did not get a suffi-
cient quantity of water, and second.
because Of the shock and chill to the
system. Diminish the allowance of
food and the production Of milk is, Of
course, decreased.
A sufficient amount of water is just
as necessary as enough food 1t re-
quires certain amount of food to
maintain the heat OF the body. Natur-
ally the colder the barn or the colder
the animal is kept. he more food win
be required to keep her warm.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
MISTAKES IN RAISING cAPoNs
One Great Error, Says an Expert, is
That Of Marketing Fowls Before
They Are Fat

An expert says that one great mis-
take In raising capons is In marketing
them too soon, and not having enough
fat on them. After eaponiEing. keep
them growing until they reach full
size, which viii take from ten to
twelve months. then fatten them. This
can be done in two weeks by shutting
In q small, dark coop and feeding
three times . day all they win eat OF
corn meal and middlings. mixed with
milk.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26

often make out poor. sickly growth
There is always great danger of injury
in cutting alfalfa too late. for the next
growth has gotten such a start that
1t is badly clipped. There is a right
time to cut alfalfa TO avoid the dam
age OF cutting too early before the
shoots of the next crop have formed
and cutting too late after they are
well along in growth.
We must handle our alfalfa wisely
in order to maintain good stand. as
blue grass and other enemies win be
all we need to contend against.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26

A great lesson for most farmers to
learn is that quality counts and is paid
for in the markets final analysis. The
local market may disregard quality
more or less. but farmers themselves
are a. fault for this. The consumer
pays for quality every time and some
caller gets the quality profit
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
FEEDING RACK SAVES WASTE
Device Affords All Stock, Whether
Young or Old, Equal Chance at
Feed-How II 10 Made.

have tried many kinds of racks
for rough feed but here is the best Of
then all. writes @. M. Brooks Of Park,
Kan, in Farmers Mail and Breeze. No
feed is wasted and all stock, whether
young or old, weak or strong. has an
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
Farm Machinery Inx.stn.n.

The investment In farm machinery
Is increasing from year to year. The
demand Of farming makes this inn
perative. There is further reason why
care should be taken OF the r1achin-
cry and it should be made to last a.
long as possible.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
Benefits Of sII.oe.

Silage increases the efficiency OF
the other feed because It keeps the
animals digestive apparatus in con
dition TO get the most out Of evsry
thing that IL fed
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-02-26
Intrudue. Nav alood.

Don't neglect 10 introduce new
blood into your poultry flock this
spring BY 9 change Of cock
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1915-06-11
Park Items

Green Sawyer of Occur d'Alene,
is visiting j. Blair Thompson.
Irl and Huldah Thompson gradual
ed from the eight grade this spring.
Ed. Parker was seen over in this
part of country Wednesday.
Miss Enger and her little sister.
Mae, spent Sunday with the Misses
Thompsons. The day was spent in
playing music and taking pictures.
All reported a good time.
Joseph Perry of Park made a
business trip to Deary last Monday.
T. J. Thompson and daughter Miss
Rebecca, made a trip to Elk River
Saturday.
Elmer Torgerson who has been
visiting his parents at Park returned
to his home in Elk River Friday.
Irl Thompson who has been work.
ing in St. Maries returned to his
home in Park.
After our long rain the weather is
clearing up and the road work in
this country will begin next Monday.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1915-06-11
Scientific
Farming
SUCCESS FROM FERTiLIZlNG

Vegetable Matter and Nutrient Quail
ties Found In Stable Product.
The success from fertilizing is due to
two facts, the readiness with which
the fertilizer gives up it's nutrient parts
and the ability of the land to hold these
nutrient parts and keep them from
being washed away before taken up.
Loamy or so called rich soils hold
their nutrient part in readiness because
there Is sufficient vegetable matter to
make 1t light. This gives a chance for
the air to aid the germs of fertilization
to increase and multiply, to prepare the
substances to be taken up by the
plants.
Heavy clay soil produces slowly until
the vegetable matter increases. Sandy
soils unless we'll supplied with vegeta-
BILE matter permit the fertilizer to filter
away beyond reach Of plant roots be-
fore the plants get all out of it.
For general purposes stable manures
give best results all around. They have
the vegetable matter as well as the nu-
TRENT qualities. In some kinds, such
as cow, sheep manures. etc.. the nu-
TRENT qualities are more quickly avail
able than in horse manure Horse ma
nures, as usually procurable. have a
tendency to be either all straw, which
is more of a mulch than a nutrient. OF
dry burned out. due to lack of proper
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1915-06-11

care or mixed with green wood shay
ings or sawdust. which will sour the
ground unless for just surface dressing.
All those who have stables and want
to get the best out Of their stable ma
nures when they clean their stables
every day should make a layer about
six inches deep, cover this with about
two inches of dirt and continue this
until the pile reaches four or five feet
high. Have this pile turned over into
a new pile every three months. Be
sure the water can get to 1t once or
twice q week to prevent heating.
When ready for use none of the valua-
BILE ammonia has escaped and the en-
tire mass is unsurpassed by any fer
tilizer.
Do not follow the idea that when
planting trees you should put fertilizer
at the bottom Of the hole. Plant your
tree, and when within about two inches
of the top place your fertilizer and COW
er over with soil The rain will wash
the essence down to the roots.
The same practice can be followed
with established trees. Care should
| U6 L1k6u Iudl LIZ 1CALuLACl ooCS "
touch the bark or roots. Remember,
trees take up food with their fbrous
roots, and ibrous roots usually are
near the ends Of big supporting roots.
and tree roots usually go as far out
ward as the branches extend.
This tells where to apply fertilizer.
It does no more harm to feed your
trees, ETC.. one a year than it does to
treat yourself right. The old, foolish
argument that forest trees are not
fortified will seem more foolish If you
give it a second thought
There Is no reason for b~roadcast1ng
manures in the vegetable garden. 1t Is
wasted energy. Apply manure to each
hill or row, with dirt between 1t and
the seed. This gives the greatest re-
suits for the least expenditure of time
and money. No need to feed weeds.
Zinc Arsenic as an inseoticide.
Zinc ~arsenite has been used both In
the paste and powder forms with much
success for the belted cucumber beetle
as we'll as for some other insects OF
this class. It has proved to be n OF
the most effective sprays for use IL
humid climates. as it appears to las
longer. No other arsenical has giveI
better results, and in the majority Of
cases the mortality has been higher
than with any other arsenical spray
The powder. when used with cactus t,
make It adhere, is to be preferred fo
general use owe any arsenical nov OF
the market. This spray SURPRISES II
lasting qualities any of the ~arsenical
and at the same time gives a highe
mortality. In action 1t is somewha
slower than paris green. but it give
better results In the end. Zinc arsenite
however. should not be used o n plant
that are nearly ready for market. 70
the poison does not wash off easily.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1915-06-11
Jewel Theater
LYLE PUTNAM, Mgr.
Juliaetta Idaho

Four reels of Moving Pictures will be
shown each Friday evening.
Doors open at 1880, show starts at g..
Admission-1O and 15c.
Auto parties especially invited.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1915-06-11
Horseshoeing
BlaCksmithing
Wagon Work
VIM. Meyers
w. A. ROTHWELL, MD.
PHYSICIAN AND
SURGEON
Office Next to kendrick State Bank
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATIC N.

(O3413)
Department OF the Interior,
u. S. Land Office at lewiston, Idaho,
May 20, 1915.
Notice is hereby given that John Lisa, OF
Southwick, IDAHO, who, on April Is, 1910,
made homestead entry No. O3413, for SEA
Section 25. Township 80 N, Range, 1 w.
Boise meridian, has filed notice Of Intention
to make final five year proof, to establish
claim to the lane above described, before
Register and Receiver, U. s. Lam Office at
Lewiston, idaho, o n the End day OF July,
1915.
Claimant names as witnesses: Andrew
Dorendorf. William Zimmerman Bert Kem-
ley, all of Crescent, Idaho; Roy Southwick OF
SOuthwick, Idaho.
HENRY HEITFELD, Register.
Kendrick Gazette.
lst-5-2S-21-5t
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1915-12-11
POTATO SCAB.
Prevention and Control of Disease
Discussed in Bulletin.

Circular No. s Of the extension di-
vision of the Louisiana State Univer-
sity, by C. w. Edgerton, plant pathol-
ogist of the University experiment
stations, which has just been publish
ed, treats of the disease commonly
known as the potato scab. This dis
ease of potatoes annually causes a
considerable loss to the state and
everything possible should be done
to@keep it under control, Ahe appear
aMe of the disease and ve methods
of prevention are fully discussed in
the circular.
The methods commonly used in con-
trolling the disease consist of crop
rotation and the treatment of the
seed potatoes with formaldehyde solu-
ton.
This is made by mixing one pint of
commercial formaldehyde with thirty
gallons of water. The seed Sfptatoes
are soaked in this solution< 5r one
and one-half to two hours jUst pre-
vious to planting.
The circular also discusses s"certi-
fed potato seed" This is seed that
has been inspected by agricultural Of
ficers in the states in which it is
grown and is guaranteed to come up
to certain standards in regard to
yield, size of tubers and freedom
from disease.
Any one who expects to plant po-
tatoes this coming season should have
a copy of this circular. One may be
obtained by writing the experiment
station at Baton Rouge. q