davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

mediate vicinity, are perhaps more
likely to be chosen by the parent
moth for the deposition of her eggs,
and such trees at least should be
searched if it is not practicable to
extend the work to the orchard as a
whole. This work may be combined
with pruning to good advantage, and a
lookout should be kept not only for
the eggs of this insect, but for the
eggs and cocoons of other injurious
species which pass the winter on the
trees.
When the two egg masses are de-
posted close together, the resulting
caterpillars may form common nest.
These nests are gradually enlarged
and soon furnish ample protection.
If the caterpillars are destroyed as
soon as the small nests are de-
tected, this will prevent further de-
foliation of the trees, and the rule
should be adopted to destroy them
promptly as soon as discovered. In
this. work either of two practices may
be adopted, namely, destruction by
hand or with torch.
When in convenient reach, the nests
may be torn out with a brush, with
gloved hand, or otherwise, and the lar
vac crushed on the ground, care be-
ing taken to destroy any caterpillars
which may have remained in the tree,
The use of torch to burn out the
nests will often be found convenient,
especially when these occur in the
higher parts of trees. An asbestos
torch, such as is advertised by seeds
men, will be satisfactory, or one may
be made simply by tying rags to the
end of a pole. The asbestos or rags
are saturated with kerosene and light
ed and the caterpillars as far as pos
sible cremated Some caterpillars,
however, are likely to escape, falling
from the nest upon the application of
the torch. In using the torch great
care is necessary that no important
injury be done the tree; it should not
be used in burning out nests except
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

sure of other work he would slight his
tests. AS a matter of fact the num-
Der of dairymen who actually do keep
a record of their work for the whole
year is insignificant; moreover it is
really cheaper to have it done by the
tester than to do it ones self. Expe-
rience has made the tester rapid and
accurate; he has at his fingers ends
the strength of the acid he uses, the
amount to charge for roughage and
concentrates, and the analyses of all
the common feeds. 1t would take the
average farmer long time to become
familiar enough with all these details
to do the work as well as the tester
does.
That contrasting association act
ually does pay has been proved be-
yond all doubt. Since the first or
ganization of this kind was formed, in
1905, 76 for one reason or another
have been discontinued. On the other
hand the records of those in operation
show excellent financial results. There
are seven herds that have remained
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

in the smaller branches and twigs, the
killing of which would be of no spe-
cial Importance. Nests in the larger
limbs should be destroyed by hand, as
the use of the torch may kill the bark,
resulting in permanent injury.
Spraying With Arsenicals.
Tent caterpillars are readily de-
stroyed by arsenicals sprayed on the
foliage of trees infested by them. Any
of the arsenical insecticides may be
used, as Paris green, Scheeles green,
arsenate of lead, ETC. The first two
are used at the rate of u pound to
30 gallons of water. Milk of lime
from 2 to 8 pounds of stone lime
should be added to neutralize any
caustic effect of the arsenical on the
foliage. Arsenate of lead is used at
the rate of 2 pounds to each 80 gal
Ions of water.
Even i'm the small home orchard of
a dozen or more trees it will be found
highly profitable to adopt a system
of spraying which will control not
only tent caterpillars, but such serious
pests as the codling moth, canker-
worms, various bud and leaf feeding
insects, and which will greatly reduce
injury from the curculio.
On stone fruits, such as cherry,
peach and plum, arsenicals are likely
to cause injury to foliage and mus;
be used with caution if at all. On
such trees the arsenate of lead is pre-
ferable, as it is less injurious to fol-
iage, and on all trees sticks much
better. In spraying for the tent cat
erpillar only, applications should be
made while the caterpillars are yet
small, as these succumb more quickly
to poisons than those more nearly full
grown, and prompt treatment stops
further defoliation of the trees.
Farmers Bulletin No. 662 of the
Department of Agriculture treats
upon this subject and is good guide.
Our readers will do we'll to send for
one.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

antecd article and the extra cost of
producing the guaranteed article is
more in pains than in cash.
The plan outlined in the bulletin
already mentioned calls for the or
ganization Of community egg circle
which should include as soon as pos
sibe enough members to warrant the
employment of a manager. Each
member agrees to gather his eggs
daily and in hot weather twice a day,
to keep them in cold place, and to
deliver none that is more than seven
days old. No eggs are to be washed
and the male bird is to be kept away
from the flock except during the mat
ing season.
The manager of the circle inspects,
grades, and markets as a whole the
deliveries the members make to him.
Payment is made to the members in
proportion to the number of eggs of
each grade that they deliver and the
prevailing market prices, less their
proportion of the necessary expenses.
The bulletin also gives suggestions for
convenient receipt forms which will
enable the members to check up their
payments with their deliveries.
Such a system will enable the cir
Gle to make arrangements for the de-
livery Of regular supplies to the best
and most discriminating class of
trade. There is always demand for
guaranteed eggs on the part of clubs,
hotels, restaurants, and even well-to-
do private families, but the individual
farmer rarely has a sufficient output
to enable him to make contract with
any of these consumers, and the
country merchant has no means to
guarantee to the consumer the eggs
that he buys from individuals over
whom ne has no control. Cooperative
marketing also enables the eggs to
be put up in attractive cartons which
can be turned into valuable mediums
of advertising and reduces the ex-
pense of shipments. The increased
returns, furthermore, will encourage
the producer to devote more time and
care to his stock, better hens will be
kept, they will be kept in better con-
dition, and in consequence there will
be more eggs as well as better ones
! to market.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22
How To Keep The Dairy From
Paying
BY Prof. Jas. +. thinner, Cadillac.

1. Don't have your stable too tight
and warm. Blanket your cows with
corn meal and help your feed dealer.
We will appreciate your thoughtful
ness.
2. When the cows freshen, give
them lots of timothy hay. Timothy
hay is good for race horses and it may
help the cows to get away from the
dogs.
3. BE sure to keep a dog and if
your herd is very large, keep two
dogs. They will warm the cows up
after filling their stomachs with ice
water.
4. Don't build silo. They cost too
much, and, besides, the cows might
eat up all of the cornstalks so there
would be nothing for bedding.
5. Don't weigh each cows milk. To
know how much milk each COW is Civ
ing in year might set you to think
ing, and that is dangerous.
6. A straw stack is a good thing
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22
Control of the Tent Caterpillar
Arsencals rlost Effective Remedy Against
This Pest.

earlier in the south. By fall the en-
bryonic larvae is practically full
grown, within the egg where it re-
mains until the following spring. With
the coming of warm spell the larvae
escape by gnawing through their egg
shells, often before there is foliage
out for food, and under these circum-
stances they may feed upon the glu-
tinous covering of the egg mass.
Methods of Control.
The tent caterpillar feeds principal
ly on wild cherry and apple trees, but
will attack many other plants, and
where such trees can be removed
without disadvantage this should be
done, thus lessening its food supply.
During the dormant period Of trees,
when the leaves are off, the egg
masses are fairly conspicuous,
and with a little practice may be
readily found; it is then that they
should be cut off and burned. Trees
infested with larvae during the early
part of the year, or those in the i'm
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

Near the beginning of the week the
temperature will again rise to higher
levels in the western states as re-
suit of the low barometric storm area
expected to appear upon the Pacific
coast about June 1st. Storms of rain,
wind, hail and electrical storms will
cross the country during the rest Of
the days of this week, reaching mid
die to eastern sections about Thurs
day or Friday the Sd or 4th.
A change to cooler will follow this
storm area, crossing the United States
from about the 3rd to the 7th with
frosts.
About Friday increasing cloudiness
and renewal of storms will appear
over the western coast and is expect
ed to effect the middle west as the
week ends.
Obnoxious weeds pulled up or plowed
under during the first two days of the
month of June will keep the garden
or field freer of weeds than is usual.
The science of this is that at this
time the nourishing life of the plants
is on the wane and consequently
greatly weakened. Recuperation is
not rapid.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

The conspicuous, unsightly nests or
tents of the apple-tree tent caterpil-
lar are familiar objects in the spring
in trees along roadways, streams, and
fences, in neglected orchards, and
elsewhere.
These gregarious caterpillars con-
struct the tents for their protection,
and these, at first small, are gradually
enlarged often to a foot or more in
height and diameter, the size varying
with the number of individuals in the
colony. The caterpillars feed upon the
foliage Of the trees, stripping the
leaves from the limbs adjacent to the
nest, and if there be several colonies
in a tree, as is frequently the case
during periods of abundance, the fol-
iage may be quite destroyed, leaving
the branches as bare as in mid-win-
ter.
Species Of the tent caterpillar are
found quite generally over the entire
United States. The moths deposit
their eggs by early midsummer, or
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

continuously in the Michigan associa-
ton ever since it was formed, in 1905.
In 1906 they included so cows and in
1913, SO cows. In 1906 the average
yield for each COW was $685. pounds
of milk and 231.1 pounds of butter
fat; in 1913 it was 6,123.4 of milk and
284.7 pounds of fat. In the meantime
prices of both feed and dairy products
had risen. The profit, however, to the
dairyman in the association rose as
well. For each COW it was, in 1906,
$22.23 and i'm 1913 it was 51.08, or
an increase of $28.85. 1t certainly
paid these dairymen, therefore, to en-
ploy tester even if it cost them $50
year for each cow.
Not only do these records show
which cows make or lose money for
their owners, but they show to what
extent each is profitable, the amount
of feed given to each cow, and what
kinds of feed at prevailing prices pro-
duce the most satisfactory financial
results.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

The general weather conditions for
the month of June are not expected to
be overly bad at any section of the
country. Generally good crop weather
is to be expected, at least through the
first half of the month. The temper
ature over the northern tier of states
will probably average little below
normal for the month with the great
est departures over the lake region,
New England and middle Atlantic
states and part of the Gulf states.
May 30th to June 5th.
At the beginning of this week
heavy rain storms with high winds
and gales upon the Great Lakes and
Atlantic ocean will be moving east
ward over the Ohio valley, eastern
Gulf states and Atlantic coast. The
cool wave that is expected to start in
the northwest last Saturday will fol-
low close behind this area Of stormi-
ness, reaching central sections of the
country about Sunday OF Monday, the
Both of 31st. About the last day of
the month the cold will have reached
it's climax in and around the lake re-
gion.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22
Contrasting Associations In
crease
Accurate Records of k and Butterat Production Prove
Their Usefulness Michigan Has First Or
ganzatOn in the United States.

Later in the day the Babcock test is
used to determine the percentage o.!
butter fat in each cows milk. From
these figures it is possible to estimate
the amount of milk and butter fat
given in month by a COW and set
against it the amount of feed con-
sumed. This method, of course, does
not produce scientific accuracy, but
careful tests have shown that the re-
suits are within per cent of the
cows actual production.
Another feature of the testers work
is to watch the prices of various feed
ings and then to work out for the
farmer the most economical ration.
This, together with the weighing and
testing of the milk, will occupy him
until it is time for him to leave in
order to arrive at the next farm to
test the afternoon milking. Thus the
tester devotes one day a month to
each member in the association and
this limits the number of members to
% or 26, the number of working days
in a month, and defines within some
what narrow limits the expenses of
conducting the association. This has
been found to be about $3.50 a year,
including the salary of the tester, the
cost of the acid for the Babcock test,
and miscellaneous expenses. All ex-
penses are usually borne by the men,
bers in proportion to the number of
cows they own. Where the herds are
large this may be 81 COW, but gen
orally it is $3.50 year for each COW.
To many farmers it may seem unnec-
sary to hire a man to do work which
they themselves are perfectly capable
Of doing. The answer to this is that
while the farmer unquestionably could
do it, it is likely that during the pres
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22
COOPERATION FOR
EGG PRODUCERS.
Community Circles Recommended to
Increase the Quality of the
Produce of the Farmers
Poultry Yard.

A cooperative plan to reduce the
enormous waste now caused by the
careless marketing of eggs is outlined
III Bulletin Csc. The Community Egg
Circle" which has just been pub
lished by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. 1t is estimated
that under the present haphazard
methods of gathering and marketing
eggs nearly per cent of the coun-
try's output is a total loss. Since the
annual production of poultry and eggs
in the United States is valued at more
than 100000, 000-a sum equal to the
value of the hay or wheat crop-the
importance of reducing this loss is
obvious.
The individual farmer too often re-
CARDS his eggs as a mereby-product
to which it is hardly worth his while
to devote himself seriously; in conse-
quence he is inclined both to neglect
his poultry and to gather his eggs
whenever he happens to have spare
moment or two. In consequence the
output of his poultry yard is not only
small to begin with, but large pro-
portion of it has begun to spoil be-
fore it reaches the hands of the coun-
try merchants. They usually buy the
eggs on Cease count" paying the same
price for good, bad, and Indifferent.
The large markets, however, do not
pay the same price and reject many
altogether; in consequence the price
per egg to the farmer is made suffi-
GENTLY low to provide safe margin
and to cover the loss on eggs of poor
quality.
These conditions have been so
firmly established by long usage that
the individual can do little to alter
them unaided. Community co-opera-
ton, however, can quickly raise the
standard of the eggs shipped from any
one neighborhood, and with the stand
ard the price. The fancy trade is
quite willing to pay more for guar
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

Washington, ID. Cone hundred
and sixty-three cooperative cow-test-
ing associations were in operation last
year in the United States. This is
considered to be rapid growth when
it is remembered that the first asso-
citation in this country was organized
in Fremont, Michigan, in 1905, and
that as late as 1908 only six associa-
tons had been formed. The next
year, however, the number rose to 25
and it has been increasing rapidly
ever since. America is, nevertheless,
in this respect, still far behind Europe
where there are at the present time
between $500 and 5000 such associa-
tions, the first having been started in
Denmark in 1895.
The principle on which these asso-
Citations work is both extremely SIM
pie and yet important. Year after
year many farmers milk cows that do
not pay for the feed they consume.
Indeed, the average annual production
of a COW in this country is approx
mately 1000 pounds of milk, contain
ing 100 pounds of butter fat. The
best dairymen say there is no profit
in such production, and of course
there are a vast number of cows that
fall far below these figures. To make
his herd a success, therefore, the
farmer must weed out the animals
that are costing him money and keep
those that are bringing it in to him.
This, however, is not 80 easy as it
may seem. Experiments continually
show that it is impossible for any
man, however experienced he may be,
to estimate with any accuracy the
yearly production of milk from any
COW. Some animals start with a very
good production and then drop to a
very ordinary flow, while others give
a much more regular yield. The lat
ter may at the end of the year have
given the farmer much more milk, but
he will probably consider the former
to be the profitable ones. AS a mat
ter of fact man can not guess with
i'm a quart how much milk there is in
pail, and if he is selling the product
of his herd on a butter-fat basis he
knows even less of the yield from
each individual animal.
The main purpose of the cow-test-
ing association is to enable it's men,
bers to hire tester to keep the rec
ords which in practice it is almost
impossible for the farmer to keep for
himself. The tester should arrive at
the farm in time for the afternoon
milking, weigh the milk given by each
cow in the herd, and take sample of
it to test for butter fat. At feed
ing time he weighs the feed given
each COW and estimates as well the
amount of roughage. He also keeps a
record of feed given to dry cows as
well as those in milk, for it is obvious
that the total cost Of feed for the
year must be taken into considera-
ton. The following morning the in
dividual production of the herd is
weighed again and If the ration is
changed the feed also is weighed.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

to feed dry cows. 1t helps them to
pass away the time.
z. Never curry the cows off. 1t
might "tickle them to DEATH"
8. Don't have too many windows
in the stable. The hired man might
like it too well and want to stay an
other year.
Q. If the cows still pay dividend,
buy another dog.-Farm Bureau
News.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

The department of agriculture az
signs two reasons for the increase in
the production of "baby" beef. One
is that the consumer wants smaller
cuts, and the other is that the cost of
production is reduced by finishing
within a year.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1915-05-22

Statistics show that buggy sales in
the United States last year broke all
previous records, and reached the
total of 100000.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-06-30

after the years of gallant warfare. In
this lecture she relates delightful per
sonal "reminiscences of many of the
noted men and women of both north
and south, people who played impor
tant parts in the heroic hours of the
war between the states. 1t was hei
good fortune to be personally acquaint.
ed with these people, many of whom
she knew before the war and Others
of whom she met afterward by reason
of the prominence of her soldier hus.
band.
Grant, Lee, Lincoln, Davis, ''Stone-
WALL Jackson, Mcclellan, Beauregard,
Johnston and many others of those
who guided the destinies of the coun.
try in those years were her friends.
Her childhood was passed on a Vir
ginia plantation, and it was while she
was still a girl IN school that she met
the gallant George E. Pickett, then 9
lieutenant in the United States regular
army. Today she is a woman of strill
ing personal charm, gifted with all the
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-06-30
Member of the Associated Press.
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 80, 1915.
THE AMERICAN SWITZERLAND.

The department of commerce esti
mates that there will be $l00,000,00o
more vacation money spent in the
United States this year than last, and
this in spite of the depression in bust
ness. Of course the war is to blame.
One of the reasons for the huge trade
balance that is piling up so fast anc
which reliable authorities say will soon
reach the billion dollar mark is the
complete cutting off of the annual in
vasion of Europe by the American
tourists. Europe has been able for
years to count on the money spent by
the tourist to balance up the account
between the continents to n large dc
gree. This year Europe does not pre-
sent very inviting prospect for the
people who have time to spend in va
cations and money enough to make the
time worth while.
New England ought to be interested
in this statement Of the department. of
commerce above all other sections of
the United States. New England is
the ideal vacation ground of the con
tinent. 1t is the Switzerland of Ameri
ca. Within its comparatively small
boundaries there is everything to at
tract and hold the attention of tbs
great army of vacationists. Its shore
land mountain resorts have no equal,
between the Atlantic and the Pacific
1t is the ideal touring district of the
Icountry with its great trunk lines o.
fine roads leading into every corner
land attractive hotels at easy stages
We of New England seem to appre
ciate least of any the commercial val
ne of the lavish advantages that
benefcient nature has showered Il
with.
Into New England this summer will
come the food of tourist and vacation
traffic. 1t is up to New England t
give these strangers a hearty welcome
If they enjoy themselves they vii
| come again and again with their fan
lies and many Of them may becom
summer or permanent residents in tn
scenes where they find pleasure an
| recreation.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-06-30

Old Point Comfort to visit her friend
Mrs. Boykin. l could dance and sing
and play games and was made much
of by the other children till I suddenly
developed the cough, and then l was
summed and isolated.
"One morning while playing alone
on the beach l saw an officer lying on
the sand reading Under the shelter OF
an umbrella. l had noticed him sew
eral times, always apart from the 9th
ers and very sad. l could imagine but
one reason for his desolation, and in
pity for him l crept under his umbrel-
la to ask him if he, too, had the whoop-
ing cough. He smiled and answered
No. But as ] still persisted he drew
me to him, telling me that he had lost
some one who was dear to him and he
was very lonely.
And straightway. without so much
as a by your leave. promised to take
the place of his dear one and to com.
fort him in his loss Child as / was,
believe l lost my heart to him on tho