davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-06-06
USE OF DEADLY GASES I'm
WAR ONCE ONLY A FICTION

H1HE use of deadly vapors or 1ethal
III gases in war is not new idea or
q a new thought. but as a practice
1t was not known until this war. The
possibility Of overcoming an enemy by
the use of stupefying gases or killing
him with fumes has occurred to num-
Der of those fanciful writer's who have
set down their visions Of the horrors
of future wars. These visions were
never taken seriously by practical SOL
diers The idea of staying or paralyz-
ing an army OF the enemy by envelop-
ing 1t in poisonous fumes seemed a
dreamy or pipe -dreamy project, some
thing akin to those novelistic war
measures of blowing up battleships by
light rays or shocking an enemy army
to death by electric currents drawn
mysteriously out of the air and sent
on their death mission from a point any
number of miles distant from the en-
emy. 1t was the thought of practical
soldiers, or, at least il was the belief
of most practical soldiers, that if the
killing of troops were possible by
means of fumes 1t would not be re-
sorted to by armies, because poisoning
the air seemed very much like poison
ing the wells or the water supply, an
offense against military ethics.
But gas warfare has arrived. 1t has
been demonstrated to be practical, and
as there is no secret involved in it's ap-
pllcat1on 1t is likely that the use of this
war means will be extended. The use
of chlorin has begun. The Germans have
employed 1t against the British and the
British have announced that they may
employ 1t against the Germans, and II
the British take up the use of gas 1T ts
probable that this deadly agency will
be called by the Russians. French and
Italians. AS horror is piled on horror In
this war, poisonous gases may be used
against the Turks, and legions of SOL
diers in all the battling armies may be
killed in this way.
Early in the war there were some re-
ports-they seemed vague and fanciful
about the employment by the French
of substance called turpenite. which
gave OFF gases that petrif1ed men in
death SO that they remained in the at
titude that was theirs in life at the
moment death came upon them A good
deal has been written about turpenite
Evening star., 1915-06-06
One From Mother.
From the New York Evening Post.

From the New York Evening Post
A Chicago matron of great beauty
called one day upon a friend. bringing
with her her ten-year- daughter, who
promises to be as handsome as her
mother.
The callers were shown into room
where the friends had been receiving
milliner and many hats were scattered
about. During the conversation the ten
year-old amused herself by trying these
on. She was particularly pleased by the
effect of the last one. Turning to her
mother she said:
Mother. look just like you now
don't II"
''Sh!" cautioned the mother, with up
lifted finger. Don't be vain, dear.
Evening star., 1915-06-06

as an explosive, but nothing of an au-
thentic nature seems to have come into
print concerning the mysterious gases
generated by 1t. In the United States
the name Of the strange explosive tur-
penite suggested that in some way it
was derived from turpenttne but sucn
thing being derived from the name OF
it's inventor or discovered, M. Turpen,
a Frenchman.
The first of the deadly gases known
to have been used in this war is chlo-
rim popular definition of this is:
"Chlorin-A greenish- yellow, very pol
sonous liquefable gaseous element with
an offensive odor. Its remarkable af-
fnity for hydrogen enables 1t to de-
compose compounds containing that
element. hence it's power for bleaching,
deodorizing and disinfectfng." ChlOrin
is an element which takes it's name from
the Greek word "chlorus." meaning
green" and it is found in common salt
and other substances known as chlo-
rids.
Reports indicate that on the western
battle front chlorin has been used IN two
ways. 1t seems to have been brought
UP to the firing line in steel containers,
compressed into the liquid state, and
when the wind was favorable-that is,
blowing toward the enemy--the deadly
stun has been liberated from it's con-
tainer and the gas. two and a half
times as heavy as air. has hoated into
the ranks Of the enemy. 1t would seem
that it has also been shot into the ranks
of the enemy in steel shells or contain
ers having in them, in addition to the
chlorin, sufficient amount Of some ex-
plosive charge to rupture the case and
liberate the chlorin. This is probably
the course along which the use of gas
In war will develop.
Chlorin can be produced cheaply and
abundantly by all the nations at war
And If the practice of shooting chlorin
bombs spreads it Is not to be doubted
that other gases will be fired at the
enemy. Bombs may be charged with
prussic acid or hydrocyanic acid, a whiff
of which will knock a man dead in an
instant. With bombs ruptured by per-
cussionf. sulphuric acid might be fired
1t would be possible. If the combatants
are driven to 1t. to spread fog Of
deadly gas over the lines Of the enemy.
Evening star., 1915-06-06
The New Wheeze.
From Judge

''Out Of a job?" asked Yorick Hamm.
Aside from the fact that the same is
couched in unprofessional language"
replied Hamlet Fatt. with dignity.
your inquiry savors of ribaldry and
is, moreover. uncouth. An actor is
never at liberty these days. If you don't
see his name on Broadway bill. he
Is getting more money from the
movies"
Evening star., 1915-06-06

fourth century, native of Dalmatfa, who
fled during the prosecutions Of the Chris
tians by Diocletian and later came to
where San Marino now stands. With the
assistance Of good and wealthy woman
he established a monastery whose popu-
lation increased each day and was the be-
ginning of the free people whose descend
ants later created the republic.
-
History begins with the ninth CEN
tury. In the tenth century a communal
constitution was established. The re-
public avoided the wars which rent
southern Europe. but Joined the Ghibel-
lines. and was interdicted by the Pope
in 1247-1249.
Later it came under the protection OF
the papacy and the dukes Of Urbino
and successfully resisted the attempts
of Sigismondo Malatesta against its
liberty. In 1880 it fell into the hands
Of Caesar Borgia, but soon regained
it's independence. In 1899 Cardinal AL
beroni attempted to deprive 1t of its
independence.
Farming and stock raising occupy
the bulk of the population, while the
both in demand. The gathering OF
the vintage is a time of great feasting
and amusement, and the heaping OF
the grapes on wagons drawn by sleek
oxen in the mellow autumn weather
recalls the bachanalian feasts of the
ancients.
The cattle sales are more like fairs
and resemble those held on the great
stock farms in Kentucky. The prep
aration for a display of the great
mild-eyed oxen with their gray coats
groomed to silvery gloss. their horns
Evening star., 1915-06-06

decked with garlands of flowers, with
red cloth fastened to neck and flank,
presents a unique scene.
Besides the rearing of cattle, culti-
vation Of grain, making Of wine,
cheese. oil and weaving stuffs, the ex-
porting of wood for fuel and building
purposes is very large.
Evening star., 1915-06-06
Always a Danger.
rom the Sydney Bulletin.

From the Sydney Bulletin.
Stella-Tm to be married next week,
and I'm terribly nervous.
Ella-I suppose there is a chance of
the man getting away up to the last
minute2
Evening star., 1915-06-06
A Cacophonous Item

From the Phiiadelphia Ledger.
she sings like a bird"
Yes, incessantly."
Evening star., 1915-06-06

The San Marinese were reminded that
since 1870 the same order of things
had prevailed in adhering to the con-
stitution organized in the ninth cen
tury. whereby the councillors of the
sovereign council from heads of fami-
lies had been elected for life But the
democrats wanted a share. and insisted
that every three years these coun-
cilors be chosen by vote of the peo-
pie. They made It known that they
wished to take their place in twentieth
century progress like other up-to-date
republics
So after 400 years the general coun-
Gil was convoked to debate on the new
order OF things. The great bell. weigh
ing between $4,000 and $4,000 pounds.
In the tower Of La Rocca rang at sun
set March "a, 1906. to recall to heads
of families that Sunday they were to
give their vote. Again the bell GLANCED
on the morning of the day, and 500
men. gathered before the great c,tbe-
dral. Two regents representing the
government led, with secretaries Of
state, interior and exterior heads of
families of the parishes and commis-
sioners OF law. The vote was written
or a piece of paper. put in a closed
wooden box and placed before the urn
OF San Marino on the main altar of
the cathedral at l o'clock. These bal
lots were drawn out by little child
There was no need of an Australian
system Of bailoting. and the great
bell of the tower proclaimed that the
desired twentieth century constitutions
al reform had been accomplished, hav-
ing received the unanimous vote of the
electors.
San Marino has no navy, but has a
| little army of about 1000 men. Between
the ages of sixteen and ffty-flve the
able-bodied men In every family must
be enrolled, unless they be government
officers. priests. physicians students.
Detachments Of the first corps. or
regents guard. served as an escort Of
honor to the regents. and are stationed
at the communale palace during audi
ences and sittings of the council. These
guards have gaudy blue uniforms with
yellow facings. They are not very mill
tary in bearing, and as the uniforms
are not often replaced, are not very
neat.
The second corps, which guards the
| fort, is called Guardia della Rocca, and
two companies assist in various duties,
such as policemen In emergencies. Cap
tains receive a salary of something like
| 10 cents a day.
Evening star., 1915-06-06

The republic has civil and criminal
tribunals and a superior court. The mag
istrates are appointed twice a year and
extreme care is taken in selecting the for
eign jurisconsults. The curious custom of
slecting d foreign mayor or provost was
Evening star., 1915-06-06
SAN NARlNO, TINY REPUBLIC I'm IMPERIAL
ITALY, DECLARES ITSELF AT WAR

q RECENT dlSpatcn iroiii hu7"o'
IN Switzerland, says that San Ma
y rino. the little republic on the
Adr a ic but entirely surrounded by tai-
ian territory. has officially approved the
Italian attitude toward Austria, and mas
declared itself to be in state OF war.
Situated in the Apennine range OF
mountains on the east coast OF the
kingdom, with her citadel perched on
the top of Monte Titano almost Z,ooo
feet high, she looks out over the blue
waters of the Adriatic sea to the
sweep of Austrian territory to the
north and east of her, which is ltal-
ian in all but nationality and is known
to the Italians as Italia 1rriedenta'
or "unredeemed Italy" because 1t onqe
formed part of the Italian states of
the middle ages, and because a ma
jority of the people are of Italian
stock Since Austria seized it in 1913
it has been the cherished wish of the
Italians to regain it, and 1t has been
to them what Alsace-Loraine is to the
French since the Franco-Prussian war.
The republic of San Marino. which
is one of the smallest in Europe, is
fourteen miles southwest of Rimini,
with an average population of 5000
and an area of thirty-two square miles.
Its greatest length from north to
south is seven miles. and its greatest
width five miles 1t is twelve miles
from the railroad, which runs from
Bologna to Ancona, being reached by
splendid carriage road.
The city of San Marino, with popu-
lation of 1900. is situated at the north
end of a precipitous rock 2,437 feet
high, which bears the name of Monte
Titano. each of whose three SUBMITS
is crowned. by fortifications, that on
the north by castle and the other
two by towers standing boldly out
against the sky. The capital has two
gates inscribed 'Libertas," and the
arms of the republic are symbolic of
these three peaks crowned with a
tower.
The republic is governed by a gen
eral assembly, which meets twice
year, the state being represented by
two capitani reggenti selected semi
annually from the sixty life members
of the great council. which is composed
of twenty representatives of the no
-biltty, twenty of the landowners and
twenty of the citizens. They are as
sisted by small committee of twelve
of the great council, which. with the
aid Of legal adviser, decides in the
third and last resort. One of the capI-
tani reggenti is selected from the no
bility and one from the other two
classes. There is also a home Secre-
tary. minister of foreign affairs. chan
cellor of the exchequer and regular
budget.
In 1906 the citizens of San Marino
were aroused to interest in modern
politics and a progressive wave swept
over the republic. The walls and other
public places were placarded with
manifestos of the more democratic
element OF society, and a journal called
II Titano promulgated the theories of
progress and the rights of the people
to larger share in the affairs Of gov
ernment -
Evening star., 1915-06-06
BOOK REVIEWS.

THE ANGI.O-GERMAN PROBLEM. Ey
Charles S:irolea u. Lift, Belgian
consul to Edinburgh. New York: e.
7. putnan IS Sons.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
NOTICE.

In accordance with a resolution adopted at a special meeting of the town council, held Monday evening, November 22, 1915, the Common Council of the Town of Cordova will meet as a Board of Equalization for the purpose of equaIizing the assess ment for the year 1915, on December 6, 1915, at the hour of 8 p. m, and continue in session until the hour of D. m on said day, and shall continue in session until the Monday next fol lowing, between the hours of and g p. m. of each day, The assessment book is now open for inspection at the office of the Town Clerk, in Room l, Adams Building.
 EDWARD F. MEDLEY,
 Town Clerk.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
MAY LOSE SERVICE.

Unless business gets better, the wireless station at Brooks will be compelled to close, according to a recent statement of c, L. Stevens, the operator in charge. The keeping up of the plant costs a considerable sum of money each month, and 1t is stated to be now working at a loss. MT. Stevens, however, is very desir- ous of keeping the plant in operation.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
MANY ENTOMBED IN COAL MINE
 EXPLOSION

BOOMER, w. Va, Dec. l. - An explosion which occurred yesterday in a coal mine here entombed three hundred miners. Rescue parties were immediately set to work to dig out the victims, and fortunately the un- mel was not badly choked, so that all but twenty-five of the men and boys were taken out within an hour or two, nobody being hurt. It is ex- pected to soon reach the remaining twenty-five, and find them safe and sound.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
THOUGHT KAISER BoSSED OUR
 NORTHERN LIGHTS.

Dr. J. H. Romig testified today in the Commissioner court that Frank Lipps, who was on trial on an insan- ity charge, labored under the deIusfon that the Kaiser was running our Aurora Borealis. The doctor stated that Lipps declared the northern lights were not real northern lights, but were the result of some machin- ations of the Imperial Wilhelm. - Seward Gateway.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
GET GOVERNORS REPORTS.

The governors office recently had shipped over from Sitka a large sup ply of copies of governors reports for back years. The supply includes reports for the years 1885, 1886, 1887 and 1889, 1890. 1891, 1892 and 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 and 1902, Per sons desiring to complete their files may obtain copies for the years men, toned upon application to the gov ernor's office.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
MORE ANCHORAGE LOTS SOLD
 FOR $1o0 EACH.

Eighty-four lots were sofd at An chorage in the last auction sale held by A. Christensen, of the land office, and the average price was $I0O. Mir. Christensen says the lots were out side ones, and that many more could have been sold, as people were look ing for them.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
NEW TEACHER FOR kENNEcoTT

NEW TEACHER FOR kENNEcoTT
 Teachers permits were issued by the governor to the teachers in the Fairbanks public school, as follows: F. J. Karrer, Ralph D. Matthews, Daphne I. Moody, lone Jones, Mrs. Josephine Tupper, Anna M. Karrer and Florence Gertrude Smith. A per init was also issued to Miss Eleanor Hilda Clark, who will shortly take charge of the Blackburn scnool at Kennecott, succeeding Miss Marie Dennis, resigned.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
VILLA RESOHTINC ID GUERILLA
 WARFARE

MORALES, Dec. 1. The Villa troops were decisively defeated be- tween November 19 and 22 in battles about Hermosillo. Villas army is now split into small guerilla bands, and General Obregon is sending soldiers to put them to rout.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

furniture and fixtures repaired and refinished. Organs cleaned and re- finished Pianos reflnished and polished. Upholstered goods repaired. Prices reasonable. Leave orders at Alaska Times Office. J. Powers.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
LOCAL JoTTlNGs.

Peter Monahan, one of the old time miners of the interior, who is operating on Slate Creek, was an ar rival on yesterdays train, bound for the States.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

FL PASO, Dec. 1. - The Villa gov ernment is apparently undergoing disintegration, as the Carranza forces are occupying their territory and the Villa functionaries are fast disap- bearing. It is expected that Chihua- hua city will be abandoned soon.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

Edw. c. Ross, head machinist for the N. C. Company, of Fairbanks, arrived on yesterdays train. He brought out the body of his wife, who recently died. which he is taking to his old home in Quebec for burial The Peak sisters will be presented next Wednesday night, December 8, instead of tonight.
 -.O.--
 James Brennan, who is employed at Mile IA, is spending a couple of days in town.
 Mrs. R. E. Flory was the holder of ticket No 77, which drew the lunch cloth raffled off by Mrs A. R. Barrus. Juneau will hold a special election on December 20, to decide the ques- ton of the proposed enlargement of the city boundaries.
 -:O:-
 The Eagles are planning for a big time at their sourdough dinner, to be given on December 8.
 -:o:-
 The date for the firemen's smoker has been fixed for December 22, when some good stunts will be pulled off.
 -:o:-
 The Empress Theatre has a num- Der of good feature films coming up, and Hazel Dawn, an especially at tractive girl. will soon be seen here for the first time.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
JUST ARRIVED,

Excellent assortment of Nugget Jewlery for Christmas trade. Come ir and look it over.
 CLAYSON, The Clotheir.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

DOUGLAS, Ariz., Dec. 1. - A Car ranza troop train bound for Naco, Arizona. was ambushed by Villa soi. diers forty miles south of Agua Prieta yesterday, and the Carranzists forced to retreat.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

The court issued an order closing the affairs of the Prince William Sound Fish Company. whicn went into bankruptcy two years ago.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

In the case of J. H. Shotwell vs
 W. H. Malvern, involving mining property in the Slate Creek district. was decided in favor of the plaintiff.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

CABINETS POINT, N. J., Dec. l. There was a small explosion of smokeless powder today in the Du pont factory here None of the em- ployes were killed and the damage was slight.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

The steamer Kansas City is due from the westward tonight, and will remain here until tomorrow loading ore.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

All the music of all the world Columbia Records. E- A. Heggs Agent
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

The Blum, o'Neili Co., announces . decline in Centennial Best Flour 10 s1.75 a 49To sack.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

For Rent-Furnished cottage, on Third Avenue. Apply Alaska Trans fer Co.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

bodies of fourteen more of the coal miners entombed have been recov- cred, and there are five still buried.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

Latest dance music Columbia Records. E. A. Hegg, Agent.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

r. X. HEGG. agent Columbia Graphophones and Records.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

An advertisement in the Times will bring results. Try it.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

Miss Madeline Anderson, teacher of piano, Borden Building, Room 1.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

All the Real News in the Times.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

BOOMER, w. Va, Dec. 1. - The
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
F L o U R

Centennial Best Flour s1.75 a sack at The Blum, ONeill Co.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01
NOTICE.

Nomination and election of officers for the ensuing term. Wednesday night, December l. Be there.
 GEO. DOOLEY, Secretary.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

The date for the firemen's smoker has been fixed for December 22, when some good stunts will be pulled off.
The Cordova daily times., 1915-12-01

The Eagles are planning for a big time at their sourdough dinner, to be given on December 8.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-02-19


TWO HOUSES for rent at SIT and $40
respectively. Also several houses for
sale on easy payments. Think this mat
ter over and act. BELL REALTY CO.,
Bergner Building.
FOR RENT-2225 and 2227 N. Fourth
ST.; brick houses; s rooms and bath;
all improvements; front porch. Apply
w. II. MOODY, Room 207, Trustee Build
ing, North Market Square.
FOR RENT-Houses with all improve
ments, at moderate rentals. j. Z.
GIPPLE. 1851 Market st.
FOR RENTAL improve
mentS-
1914 Catherine, $1,000
$50 S. Eighteenth, ...$10.50-
. Apply Kuhn q Hershey,
Is South Third street.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-02-19
GRACE BOARD MEETS
Harry B. Saussaman Is Elected Sun
day School superintendent

The Sunday School Board of Grace
M. E. Sunday school had their annual
election in the social room of Grace
church last evening at 6.15 o o'clock, fol-
lowing banquet. Covers were lald for
forty five and the table was artistically
decorated with hyacinths and ferns.
Pink shaded candle sticks added to the
arrangement. In place of after'dinner
speeches, the chairmen of the different
committees and several teachers made
their reports on the work of the past
year, and definite plan was adopted
to bring mp the membership.
After the reports had been made,
DR.. Fox, the chairman of the meeting,
called for nomination of superinten-
for the past twelve years nominated
Harry b. Saussaman. Mr.. Saussaman
was elected unanimously. Many glow
ing tributes were paid to the retiring
superintendent and regret was express
ed that he would not accept for an
other year. The election of W. s. Fish
er as secretary, E. o. Shaffner as
treasurer, Edward i. Paul as librarian
and John p. Melick as historian fol-
lowedN
The meeting adjourned to meet on
March 3 to make final plans for the
coming year and to hear the appoint
ments made by the new superintendent.
The Inauguration of Mr.. Saussaman will
take place on March Z and program
is now being arranged by the present
officers
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-02-19

WANTED-Position as cook, private or
commercial; can furnish references.
Apply 63S Briggs street.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-02-19
GYM CLASS In CHARGE
Meeting at Y. w. g. A. to Be Addressed
by the Rev. Henry Hanson

The Y. ~. G. A, gospel meeting Sun
day will be in charge of the gym
nasium department. The Rev. Henry
Hanson, pastor of the Messiah Luther
an church, will give a short address.
There will be solo by Miss Helen
Kiester, a quartet by Margaret Turner,
Mrs Heepner, Mabel Charles and Ma
bel Edwards, a solo by Miss Jane Kin
yer and song by the Junior gymnasi-
um class.
There will be large attendance as
there are nearly three hundred girls
in the physical department and the ma
jority of them are planning to be pres
ent. All women and girls are invited.
Miss Marjorie Bolles, physical director,
will preside. The meeting will start at
$50 O'Clock.