davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02
HEADING OFF GERMS
The Advantage of Exterminating
 Animal Pests

From the Journal of the American Mea-
 lcal Association.
 There is no longer any noveltv in the statement that health is p,,r- ehasable commodity. It would reouir. ii'''e e"ort to instance numerous tyr- ieai cdses m which the institution of iis sisHie measures through pubIio agencies has resulted in a eonscrvs. ton of human life important in ,tse,s and out of all proportion. in its he. Eeficent consequences. to tho ev,an diture of effort or money involvaa Aside from the classic illustra tio, o. what has been accomplished in h. Panama canal zone is the eradicst,o,, or bubonlc plague from the cities on our Pacific coast. The infection n, +h. fatZthe source of the disease as f. l., communicated to man-was carried to the ground squirrels of California Altef the recognition of this added danger the United States public health service caused a reduction In the nuu- Der of these animals, in that stats estimated at 90 per cent, from July 1913. to November. 1914
 The destruction of the animals in. Nosfed an area of 3,37s.14s acres. which includes about 20oo miles of railroad right of way As result. bubon;c plague has been eradicated from inc state of California. The destruction Of animal pests has incidentally resulted Tn large economic advantages. The de- stroyed ground squirrels caused great losses each year. Growing crops have been eaten or destroyed nursery stock las been damaged the burrows made into the banks of irrigation ditches and canal banks have resulted in flooda with attending disasters and financial loss. Frequent interruptions to rail- road traffic have occurred through caNe-tns and washouts that have had thelr beginning through water finding US way through a ground squirrel bsr- TOW. Subsistence of ties and rails took place because of individual burrows or colonies caving in. with resulting in- crease in maintenance -of-w way charges and repairs to rolling stock and rails. due to pounding, and on rail ends ard joints
 An stgation by the public health service has revealed something regard ing the unexpected magnitude of the savlngs resulting from the anti-squ rel campaign. Twenty y-one persons re. ported savings of over 5000 in repairs to irrisationa1 canal banks: 22 report cd an average saving of $99 per per- son on young trees; even greater ad- vantages were reported in respect to stored grains. Satisfaction was widely expressed, and from 4sT replies re- ceived it appears that an average ex- penditure of 112 cents per acre in squirrel eNtermination brought an es- timated saving of 34 cents per acre--a return of 300 per cent the first year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02

 china or chintz will prove an inspration
 The other day a girl of my acquaintance showed me three delightful chairs and a chaise tongue which she had decorated for her own snuggery., The furniture was enan elled soft pewter gray and the decoration consisted of oranges in their natural colors with background of soft greer. leaves She had stencilled gray linen curtain with border of oranges and leaves.
 The pile of cushions on the chaise tongue were also the work of her own clever fingers, and noticed that several of them bore stencilled design of oranges on a gray or cream foundation, while seem to remember one at least which was of definite orange color linen and, yes, am sure of it-there was one black one. I can imagine the simple yet delightful ef- feet that would be produced in bedroom by having the walls papered buff color and buff color carpet with dark blue furniture striped with yellow, and hang ings of dark blue striped chintz with yell low flowers. The latter not easy to find perhaps, but well worth hunting for
 These ideas may serve, perhaps as an inc xpensive basis upon which to build painted furniture pianA
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02

thought improper for them to hold clerical positions or to act as type writers, stenographers or clerks. Today many of the best business establish ments of Buenos Aires employ women. The largest department store here is that of Gath & Chaves It does a busi- ness of over s17.o0o,OO0 year, and in its main store and branches pays out several million dollars in salaries. The chief store of this firm in Buenos Aires has 5000 employees, and of them GAO are women It has 17 women among it's commercial travellers
 There are number of woman oper- ators connected with the telephones, Argentina does not understand the word hello. When he calls up central he shouts "Oila7 to get the operators attention, and then asks to have the courtesy to connect him with his butch CT, baker or candlestick maker
 The most respectable profession for young women in Argentina is school teaching. This comes from the fact that female teaching originated with the in  troduction of American schoolmarms. It was away back generation or mor> ago, during the presidency of Sarmiento, that the first female school teacher was appointed. Sarmiento had been minister to the United States and while there had met Horace Mann, who had in terested him in our system of educa- tion. After Sarmiento returned home he became President of the republic and thereupon introduced our educational system He sent to the United States for large number of American female school teachers and established norman schools and other schools throughout the republic. They did so well that other Yankee girls came, and the result was that school teaching became popular with the native women. Many girls of good families have made teaching their profession and there are now in the republic IT normal schools for women alone There is also professional
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02
The Origin of Foolscap Paper

fUTI UTE -NeW oI1Tsi'Ts s7tttes.
 Every time you writefDn foolscap pa- per you help to perpetuate one of tha many little jokes Oliver Cromwell played on the merry monarch before the royal head was~removed. When the royal treasury was low Charles I, 10 seems. Harmed" out certain privileges to manufacturers.
 Cromwell turned this practice irtn ridicule and had writing paper printed with the foolscap and bells As water mark instead of the royal coat of arms required by law. Parliamentary journ- als, written on paper of the size now known as foolscap, used very con- spicuous "cap and bells" as water mark. With the disruption of Crorn- wells Parliament the cap and bells went out of use as trademark, but paper of a certain size is stiIl known as 9oolscap.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02

also one-half of the first months wages after the passing of the act. The railway compa nies also are expected to contrib ute.
 Outside the railways labor is prac- tically unorganized Most employers pre- fer to get their work done by contract, and this Is especially so in harbor im- provements and public works of one kind other, where excavations can be done by the yard. The contractor will hire his gang of men and he will be responsible for the work. Such contractors often have stores and furnish food for the men. There are also stores on the large es- tancias, where goods are furnished to the hands and their value deducted from the wages. Some of the railroads carry pro- vision cars over their lines under con- struction and sell eatables and other goods to the workmen, furnishing everything. from wine and clothes to jam and hard tack.
 The wages of farm hands change with the season. A man may pay 50 cents a cay for seeding, and three times as much for harvesting and thrashing. Wages are higher on the farms near the cities. and in the back provinces they are sometimes as low as 25 cents day. They always go up at harvest time, when a man may possibly get s a day, or perhaps $50 a month and his board
 The larger estancias have lodging places for their hired men, and they have a common eating house. They have ten ant houses and also mud huts and gal vanzed iron sheds scattered over the big farms. The poorer farmers live largely in huts of galvanized iron, and they seem satisfied with homes that would not be tolerated by the American tenant The chief food furnished on the big estancas is meat.
 l know of a man who has 100 em- ployes. He kills one steer and two young sheep a day. The steer usually weighs about 600 pounds and the two sheep 160 pounds. This means that he furnishes meat to the amount of 750 pounds live weight per day for 100 people. The gauchos are meat eaters They have grown up on meat and when one of them takes a trip he usually carries his food in the shape of raw meat with him. When he grows hungry he makes fire and cooks some of his meat, keeping the balance for the next meal. As I have already written, the better cIass of landowners live we'll and some of them have homes that will compare favorably with those on Eng fish country estates. A few of the lat ter have been building model homes for their hands.
 As to women's work in Argentina. the sentiment as to this is beginning to change few years ago woman could hardly go through the streets of Buenos Aires without running the risk of being insulted Girls were not sup posed to go about alone, and it was
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02

school for women. where girls arc taught globe-making embroidery. needlework and artistic decoration. There are two cooking schools for ladies here at Buenos Aires. and one of these is supported by the city
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02

fly. Trey were just about 12 feet square and their only light and ventilation came in from a door in the center. Just out side each room in the court was a bowl or box of charcoal. This formed the cook stove of the family within Some Of the bowls were alight and pots of steaming soup rested upon them Here they were broiling meats over the coals. there they were cooking macaroni, and further on stewing or boiling The people were mostly Italians Many of the women were young and there were girl mothers of IA and 15, washing and cooking while their babies sprawled about on the stones The scenes in the second stories were much the same save that there the cook ing was done in the galleries
 The children swarmed. The court was full of then. They were of all ages and sizes from infants in arms to half grown me nand women. They seemed happy and healthy, and I am told that they thrive notwithstanding their surroundings The climate here Is good, and the average mor- tality of Buenos Aires compares favorably with that of other great cities. It is bet ter than that of New York. Liverpool or Manchester, and much better than that of St. Petersburg, Moscow and Madrid The death rate Is only about IS per 1000, where as that of London is IS, Paris IS, St Petersburg about 2e and Moscow and Mad rid each more than 27. The death rates of Buenos Aires and London are lust about the same.
 Big families were the rule in this court. Some had as many as 10 children; and children and babies and parents and grown-up sons and daughters may all sleep tog' ther IF space not more than 12 feet square. The birth rate is large. that or the Ialians being about 50 per cent higher than the average birth rate of Europe.
 Rents are increasing all over Argentina. In Rosario the average rent of a work lngman's house of three or four rooms IS about SIP a month. In Buenos Aires one pays s5 or S10 a month for a room In conventillo, and a house of five rooms costs $40 to $50 a month In Bahia Blanca five or six~room houses can be had for $3o and board and lodging can be had there for s a week.
 Since the war. began food prices have risen and beef has gone up 60 per cent The markets are good and vegetables and 1ruits cost less than in the United States. Most families buy their bread and the poor have no facilities for baking. The bakers are licensed and they carry the bread from house to house. But little cornmeal is used Many onions are eaten ana frequent sight is the onion peddler who goes about with long strings of onions over his shoulders Out in the camp the laborers live almost entirely on meat, and on some of the big estan- cias several beeves are killed daily to supply the food for the men. Beef is sold by the kilo of two and one-fifths pounds, and many other things are sold the same way. Milk is sold by the liter, and so are wine and kerosene oil
 The people live simply and the aver age Argentine family either in the cities or out on the farm spends much less for
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02
(Cipyright, 1915. by Frank G. Carpenter)
 Ruenos Aires

tCipyright, 1915. by Frank G. Carpenter)
 Buenos Aires fTA 1IMEs are hard in Argentina
 \ England and France. the money fsss-s,,SSss4 lending uncles of South Amer tz@.Sss ica, have taken down the three
 goden balls from over their doors and shut up shop on account of the war The result is that public improve ments are at a standstll, new contracts cannpt be undertaken, railroad building is practically stopped. and there are thou sands Of men out of work. A recent cen sus of Buenos Aires shows that many thousand latorers are looking for jobs and the conditions are almost as hard in Rosario, Bahia Blanca and other large cities. There is no other neutral country that has been moro affected by the war. The Argentinos live up to their incomes and little ahead ot them. They are spec uators. and borrowed money is the life blood of the nation. The most of the loans come from abroad, and the tightness of the money market before the war be- gan had caused many failures. Those of 1913 aggregated total of more than s5o.ooo,ooo in gold There were more fail
 
 may break the record. All this affects employment conditions and brings hard ship to this land of riches and plenty.
 It Is a mistake to suppose that the Ar genuine population Is made up of land Barons, cattle barons and sheep barons It also has tens of thousands of laborers thousands of small farmers, and, alto gether, some millions who have never had silver spoon in their mouths The people arc largely of foreign birth. The country has been absorbing immigrants at the rate of about 1000 day, and fully one-fourth of the whole population is com posed of Italian peasants, who have come here to settle or to work. In addition there are some hundreds of thousands of Spaniards, Russians. Austrians and Syr- ians, and there also is the large propor- ton of poor Argentinos, who act as the cowboys for the great estancieros and who live from hand to mouth They dwell in mud huts, cook their mutton and beef over the coals, and, like as not, sleep on the floor, which in many a home Is the bare ground.
 This city of Buenos Aires has some of the palaces of this hemisphere. It has long avenues lined with magnificent build ings, a capitol which has cost so much it is called the house of gold" and upon its streets you will see the best dressed men and women of the world. But there is another side to the picture. The city of palaces also is city of how els, city of warrens. The outskirts are peppered with galvanized shacks and with mushroom one-story stone boxes which stand out on the plain without regard to order or artistic surroundings. The suburbs of Buenos Aires are the meanest I have seen anywhere, and the city has places where the people are crowded to-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02

As to women's work in Argentina the sentiment as to this is beginning to change. A few years ago woman could hardly go through the streets of Buenos Aires without running the risk of being insulted. Girls were not SUD- posed to go about alone, and it was
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-05-02

April 0.-(Special
 Correspondence.) )-Sweden Is war-ravaged Europe's softest haven of rest. It's neutral.
 Neutral countries are calm
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10
50 MUCH N MUSIC.

Mrs. Louise Lindner. the accom-
plshed pianist. showed herself an
artist gem of the purest water. Her
technic seemed perfect and 70 the
writer most marvellous. reminding
him OF a winding brook, the water
ripping over the myriad OF white
pebbles while the sun in the dewey
morn overflows the whole vista with
his sprays OF gold just dispensing
the impish laughing. singing and.
since early dawn. dancing fairies.
while rejecting all the colors Of the
from the tiny scales Of the
thousands OF willy and basking min
novs swimming hurriedly past the
beholder obliviouS 10 his surround
ings-The Ozone, Wis. Reporter.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10
FIRE DESTROYS BIG
WAREHOUSE AT NILES
Building Occupied by French and
Niles Paper Companies Burn
During Afternoon.
During Afternoon.

NILES. Mich. Dec. 1O.-Fire which
started at $3.50 o'clock Thursday az
ternoon totally consumed the ware
house of the French Board and Pa
per Co. The loss to the French
company was $4,000 and to the
Niles Board and Paper Co. $1,000.
The latter company used the build
ing as store house Jointly with
the French company
The building. which was located
on the east side of the river, con-
tanned nearly so carloads Of paper.
Firemen were unable to control the
flames and the fire burned until late
In the evening The building was
owned by the French company
whose factory is on the west side
Of the river. The origin OF the
fire is not known.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10
MCNAMARA INTENDED
TO CLEAN UP COAST
McNIanigal Tells About Plans Dis
cussed ON Way to
Frisco.

Los ANGELES. Dec. 10.-An init
mate view of J. 3. Mcnamara aboard
a train westbOund. on his way to
San Francisco to plan the Los An
geles explosion, with dozen of the
internal machines Of which he was
the inventor packed away in his suit
case. was afforded the jury in the
Schmidt trial in the testimony Of
Ortie McManigal Thursday after
noon.
y. r. told me on the train from
Indianapolis 10 Chicago" said Nc
Manigal, that he was going out TO
the coast to give it a damn good
cleaning up. He said he was in
structed by J. J. to go to San Fran
cisco and get in touch with Clancy,
who would introduce him around to
the bunch there, and that he was to
get his orders from Clancy"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10
PLOT EVIDENCE IS
GIVEN BY PAPER
Count Won Nuber Implicated
IN Smuggling of Documents
of Expenditures.
PROVIDENCE. Z. l., Dec. 10

PROVIDENCE. 7. T.. Dec. 10
The Providence Journal says:
evidence involving the Austro-
Hungarian embassy and Count Won
Nuber the Austrian consul general
in New York, Of smuggling docu-
ments Of expenditure 10 the foreign
ministry in Vienna has been turned
over ia the department OF justice.
These documents were entrus ed TO
the care Of Marcus Braun Ga New
York, the editor Of Fair Play, who
left New York on June 10 Of this
year on the Scandinavian-American
liner oscar IT with a large package
OF documents that had been given
10 him BY Consul Gen. Won Nuber for
delivery 20 the ministry Of foreign
affairs in Vienna.
when the steamer reached Kirk
wall she was held there for three
days and searched. Ordered on
deck with all the other passengers
10 be questioned by the English in
spectors. Braun slipped the docu-
ments under the cushion of "a seat
in an empty cabin adjoining his own.
when he returned 10 his cabin
after the English officers had left the
ship Braun worked his say 20 the
empty cabin 10 look for the papers.
but discovered when ne lifted the
cushion that they had gone. He was
notified by a steward that while the
passengers were on deck a complete
eeslch had been made OF the cabins
add the bundle for which he was
looking had been discovered and
taken away.
Brings Back Films.
Braun returned 20 this country
on the same steamer IN the middle
OF September. bringing with him
large quantities of moving picture
films made in Berlin and Vienna for
propaganda work in the United
States"
The Providence Journal prints a
fac-simile Of a letter sent by Baron
Zwiedinek, the present acting am
bassadOr, TO Consul Gen Won Nuber
telling him 20 forward TO him de-
tailed information about Braun's
trip with these papers Following
Is the translation Of the communica-
ton:
''Lennox. Mass, sept. ,. 1918.
Il. and r. Observation-Disclosures
Embassy. Washington.
NO. 1900. Regarding the Off
cial accounts OF the I and Il; con-
sulate-g general in New York.
ITO the I. and r. consulate-gen-
eral in New York, New York
Through private chanUels IL
comes now TO the knowledge Of the
embassy that the I. and r. consulate
general had entrusted 20 Marcus
Braun CD an official report destined
Tor the ministry of foreign affairs.
together with the official accounts OF
the consulate and that according to
information received at the /. and
r. consulate-g general, the same were
taken from him in an English har-
Dor.
The consulate is hereby request
ed 10 report whether this is true,
and in the affirmative case why
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10

he has ulster perhaps he dessy
In this recodbreakng Chesteeds
coats syes doube-breaed overcoats om6ttng coats
great coats coats fur coared coats -ned coats Any
DESIRE any style preference that he you may desire
here.
Novelties and staples with excess value in every one Of thu
$40, SIS, $3.50, $40, $3.50, SIS, $50, $35,
to fur trimmed and fur lined overcoab at $35 to 49,
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10
ROBES AND BLANKETS FOR
CHRTSTM GIFTS

We contracted for our buggy and
auto robes. street and stable blankets
a year agO before prices were ad-
vanced. You are fortunate that we
did this as IL enables sou TO make "a
considerable saving on anything you
may need in this line il YOU get IN
before the stock is exhausted. There
is nothing better for Christmas
gift STUDEBAKER REPOSITORY.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10
SIZES FOR 81 600

BEDFORD. Ind, Dec. 10.-Suit is
pending against the Chicago, Indian
apolis and Louisville railway for
$1,000 damages on the allegation OF
Ehphalet Pierson. plaintiff, that he
was compelled to stand throughout
q ride OF % miles while i'll
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10
NrANDOT TO MEET MITCHELL.

MILWAUKEE. Wis, Dec. 10.-Joe
Nandot and Richie Mitchell were
matched Thursday To box 10 rounds
before the Cream City a. c, here
Dec. q. The weight is 10 be 1873
pounds at o'clock.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10
Underwear for Gifts.

Superior Vassar, Stephenson and Duofold brand; il
vdualy boxed II you wish; in cotton union suits 81
$3.50; wool ribs TO $3.50; worsted and silk and "
suits for So. other union suits $3.50
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10
to fur trimmed and fur lined overcoats at $35 to SIS.

AT SIS you can buy an unusually fine suit or
overcoat; big holiday special" We offer
most attractive values in fine worsted suits, and
great line of ulsterS, great coats, dress over
coats; there's style distinction in them; they're
works of art and of heart; fine goods. SIS.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10

there was not sent a written report
regarding such an important mat
ter. The embassy must at the same
time call attention TO the fact that
personal reports to his excellency,
the ambassador made in New York
do not suffice as it is impossible
for him TO remember all the things
brought TO his attention during his
short stay there with all the exig-
enCies surrounding him.
For the !. and r. embassy.
(Signed) e Zwiedinek"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10

December novelties for young men; college
and high school fashions. A new showing of
fashions that will please the particular young
fellows. New things in Scotch weave Nor
folks; trim-ft sacks, shaped overcoats, short
lengths, velvet collars; very speedy looking,
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-12-10

9bT L~r eSceN@- SfN-
CH7ISLES HLSERT BENDER
Big Chief Bender. the former Ath-
letic pitcher. released by the Fed
erals last season. has instituted suit
to collect salary To the amount or
IS $685. on his unexpired contract
with the Baltimore club.
Bender denies that he was not in
condition as alleged by the owners
of the Federal club and intimates
that there were other reasons why