davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
EVERETT MOLDERS ASK
PATRONAGE FOR HOME
MADE UNION STOVES
Everett, Wash, May 81, 1915.


To Organized Labor, Greeting:
Brothers: The members of Inter
national Molders' Union No. 311, Ev-
erett, Wash, desire to call your at
tention to the boosting of union label
stoves, especially the product of home
industry. Investigation has shown
that many dealers in this city make a
special effort, through show window
displays and newspaper advertise
ments to dispose of the many differ
ent lines of unfair products of those
manufacturers whose every available
effort is being used to crush members
of organized labor Among them are
the following:
The Great Western Stove Works,
Leavenworth, Kan, manufacturers of
the Mountain Oak Heaters.
The Round Oak Co., of Dowagiac,
Mich.
Coles Hot Blast Stoves, of Chicago.
The Gray & Dudley Co., of Nash
vile, Tenn.
These are few who compose fat
nest for disposing of unfair goods to
members of organized labor in and
around Everett.
Now, brothers, we do not ask you
for any financial aid, but as members
of International Molders' Union, Lo-
cal No. 311, affiliated with city, CEN
trail and state organizations, we do
ask for your undivided moral support
in this matter, requesting you to urge
your friends, when buying stoves, to
always demand the goods bearing the
union label, a product of home indus
try, and by SO doing you strike blow
at the manufacturer of unfair pro-
ducts.
We hope you will give this fair con-
sideration and render us all the as
sistance possible, and remember that
the above-named manufacturers are
unfair to members of organized labor,
and thus help us to introduce the pro-
duct of fair and honest labor-home
product and union label manufactured.
With best wishes for the success of
your organization, we remain,
Yours in Union,
INTERNATIONAL MOLDERS'
UNION, LOCAL NO. 81,
o. F. WEFFERLING, Secy.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
UNEMPLOYMENT
IN FIFTEEN CITIES OF
THE UNITED STATES
Duluth Shows Highest Percentage
of Out-of- Works.

The bureau of labor statistics of the
United States department of labor is
making a series of Investigations into
unemployment The second study of
this series, which was undertaken for
the bureau of the Metropolitan Life
Insurance company, includes IS cities
outside Greater New York and the
metropolitan district of Northern
New Jersey, which territory was COW
cred in the first study of unemploy-
ment published in Bulletin 172.
The results of the study of unem-
ployment made by the Metropolitan
Life Insurance company in New York
Tailed very closely with the results
obtained from an Independent study
made by the bureau of labor statistics.
Because the information on unemploy-
ment collected by the Metropolitan
Life Insurance company for New York
was believed to be accurate and repre-
sentative, this company was employed
by the commissioner of labor statistics
to make further studies of unemploy-
ment in other cities. The canvass
was made during March and the first
part of April, 1915, and followed the
same lines as the Metropolitan's study
Of unemployment in New York City
and vicinity. The families holding in
dustrial policies in the Metropolitan
Life Insurance company were visited
by agents of that company, and the
number of partly and wholly unemploy-
ed was ascertained The information
thus collected is to appear shortly as
a bulletin of the bureau of labor sta
tistics.
The survey covered IS cities and in
cluded census of 399,SS1 families in
which were found 644,35S wage earn
ers. OF this number, 73,S00, or lis
per cent, of all wage earners in the
families visited were wholly unem-
ployed, and in addition thereto 106, ,e52,
or 1876 per cent, were reported as part
time workers. The highest percentage
of unemployment was found in Duluth,
Mimi, where 2O.3 per cent of the wage
earners were out of work and 17.S per
cent were working part time only.
The lowest percentage of unemploy-
ment was found in Bridgeport, Conn,
where only As per cent were unem-
ployed, but 1909 per cent of all wage
workers were reported as working
only part time.
The cities showing the largest per
centage of part-time workers were:
Wilkes-Barre, 1928 per cent; Pittsburg,
90 per cent; Milwaukee, 2S.9 per cent;
Bridgeport, 1919 per cent; Philadelphia,
1876 per cent; Duluth, 17S per cent;
Toledo, 17.5 per cent, and Boston, 173
per cent. The percentage for all Is
cities combined was 1876 per cent.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
Slavery in the u. S. A.
10000 Men (?) Thank Their
Masters for Beating Them

A press dispatch dated Calumet,
Mich, May 28, informs the world that
a memorial has been presented to
James McNaughton, general manager
of the Calumet and Heckla Mining
company, thanking him for his firm
ness in refusing the demands of the
unions in the copper strike year ago.
1t was signed by 10000 employees of
the company. The memorial contain
ed the signature of every employe and
expressed an appreciation of the half
million dollar bonus promised them
June 12.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
CHILD LABOR IN SOUTH

WASHINGTON.-"Show mills" was
the term used by DR.. McKelway, of
the national child labor committee, in
describing southern child labor condi-
tions to the federal industrial rela-
tions commission.
The witness said these "show mills"
are maintained in connection with
schools, churches, hospitals and well
fare organizations.
Behind these mills,' he continued,
''all the other mills hide. 1t is very
difficult to procure remedial measures.
What amounts to feudalism prevails
in these mill towns. The companies
own the houses, the streets, the
schools and the churches-even, in
some cases. the graveyards."
DR.. McKelway presented figures to
show that many operatives, both chill
dren and adults, get an average wage
of less than 50 a week. Negro chill
dren were not employed in the mills
to any great extent.
ut is a fact" said he, that negro
children are getting better opportun
ity for education than the white chill
dren of the south"
Employment of young boys as mes
sengers in some southern cities was
under conditions that were termed
terrific"
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
JUNE 8 LAST DAY FOR
FILING PETITIONS

Wednesday, June 9, will be the last
day upon which referendum petitions
may be filed against acts passed by
the last legislature. Referendum petit
tions now are in circulation against
the following seven acts: Requiring
initiative and referendum petitions to
be signed at registration offices; re-
quirine recall petitions to be signed at
registration offices; political conVen-
ton act; certificate Of public neees-
sity act; Seattle port commission act
city and county budget act
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
How Wage Farmers Should Figure"

ent wage-scale, runs as great a risk as
any man might conceive of.
4. Surplus. There should be some
thing laid by for future exigencies.
Those four requirements are to be
covered, in this case, by SAP for a
family of five people. There is room
for neither stock-watering nor any
other form of high finance. The work
er may not pay interest or deprecia-
ton. Neither may he declare divi-
dends. His funds are far too restrict
ed to allow for such unessentials.
Furthermore, the above figures ap-
ply to incomes of $3.50 to SO a work
ing-day. Probably, three-quarters of
the adult male workers in American
industries are paid less than that
amount.
Wage Farmers Receive No "Income"
Here and there talk is rife about
high" wages. The various studies of
American industrial centers have
placed the cost of decent living for
man, wife and three small children at
from $3.50 to $1,000. This cost is a
bare up-keep cost, and a great pro-
portion of adult male wage-earners
do not receive even that. Beyond it
are changes made by every legitimate
business for depreciation, interests,
dividends and surplus, which the re-
ceipts of the wage-earners do not
even approach.
Strictly speaking, the great body of
male American wage-earners receive
no Income" They receive a wage
which provides barely family upkeep.
In their accounts are no mention of
those stabilizing and regulative
charges which modern business men
depreciation, interest and dividends.
Were the workers to made a study Of
business bookkeeping and to apply
the result of their knowledge to their
own family affairs, they would find
that a great majority of their family
accounts would show an annual net
loss or deficit. Only small fraction
of the accounts would show a net
surplus after deducting legitimate
fixed business charges. The business
man receives Income" after he has
met his running expenses and paid his
fixed charges. The ordinary worker
with a family, makes, in great maj
ority of cases, bare running expenses.
Each increment of intelligence
among the workers brings one step
nearer the day when they will place
their budgets on a scientific basis.
Each advance step presses toward a
standard of return for labor at least
as stable and soundly based as that
now secured on capital.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04

not to apply one of the funds of this
organization, or any funds We may re-
ceive for the relief of our members,
to the payment or satisfaction of this
Judgment; but that this organization
pledges its assistance to the members
affected by said judgment; and. be
it further
Resolved, That an assessment of
l per centum on the dollar of the
weekly earnings of the members of
this organization be- and the same is
hereby assessed and levied, to be col
lected as other assessments are col
lected, and that the money realized
therefrom shall constitute a fund to
be used and employed by the officers
of this organization, in such manner
as they may deem best for the relief
and benefit of said members affected
by said judgment; and, be it further
Resolved, That the officers and di-
rectors of this organization be, and
they are hereby authorized, empower
ed and directed to appeal to the Am
erican Federation of Labor, and to
labor and other organizations, for as
sistance and contributions to said
fund for the purpose aforesaid"
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04

erican brand Of freedom as expound-
ed by the Boston Sons OF the Ameri-
can Revolution. They say 1t sounds
we'll enough, but doesn't taste right.
It's really too bad King George
couldn't have lived long enough to
see what a hell of a fix we got our
selves into by getting free and inde-
pendent" 1t would do his old soul
good to come over here nowadays and
say, II told you so. wanted to hang
'em but you wouldn't let me-"
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
POOR CARE FOR DETECTIVES

BALTIMORE, May Discussing
the care of feeble-minded before the
national conference of charities and
correction, Secretary Butler. of the
Indiana state board of charities, said
that the most conservative estimate
OF the number of feeble-minded in this
country was one in every 500 of popu-
lation. This means 100000. About
one-tenth of this number, he said,
were receiving proper care
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
A BUSINESS FAILURE
If Wage Farmers Kept Account Like
Business Concerns.
BY PROF. SCOTT NEARING

By PROF. SCOTT NEARING
The American workingman who is
struggling to support family on a
wage ranging from $3.50 to $500 a
day, might CLEAN great deal of use
full knowledge by comparing his meth
cd of accounting with that of any we'll
managed modern business.
The American employer who talks
confidently of the sufficiency of the
wage paid to the average" wage
Garner would bite his tongue for
shame if he had analyzed the work
ers' earnings and expenditures in
terms of up-to-date business practice.
The truth of these statements will ap-
pear from comparison of the finan-
cial operations of a corporation, and
of an ordinary workingman's family.
Business accounting has been re-
duced to a rather definite form. The
detail of practice varies from one in
dustry to another. In general terms,
however, the following formula holds:
/. The total returns from receipts,
sales, or earnings are called "gross
receipts"
2. From gross receipts the account
ant deducts the operating expenses,
wages and the like. Under this head
falls the ordinary expenses of carry
ing on a business. The remainder is
net earnings.
3. Gross income is the sum Of net
earnings and incidental income. From
gross income, interest, depreciation,
and taxes are subtracted, leaving net
income.
4. Net income, minus dividends and
special appropriations, equals surplus,
or unapportioned income.
The statement may seem involved
to the uninitiated. In reality, it is
quite simple, as appears when the
principle is applied to the accounting
of the United States Steel Corpora
ton for the year 1910, as in the report
of the commissioner of corporations
on the steel industry Washington,
1911. Part l, PIP. 330-332) a brief of
which follows;
Gross receipts --------$703, ,961, ,424.41
Subtract operating
charges (up-keep) and
there remains
Net earnings ------- $50, 1885, 1896
Subtract interest, de-
probation, and sinking
fund charges and
there remains
Net income ---------- S7,4O7, ,1S4S2
Srhtroot dividends
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
THE NET OF LAW

By JAMES JEFFERY ROCHE
The net of law is spread so wide
No sinner from its folds can hide.
Its meshes are so fine and strong
They gather every child of wrong.
oh, wondrous web of mystery!
None but big fish get through thee
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
MANY STUDENTS EARN
WAY THROUGH COLLEGE

More than 81 per cent of the stu
dents Of the University OF Washing
ton are either wholly or partly self
supporting This is shown by figures
compiled by Recorder Edward n
Stone
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04
36,772,3S2.82

Surplus net income 36,772,3828E
Subtract appropria-
tions for additional
property, new plants
and construction and
mining royalties, and
there remains
Balance of surplus 1O,772,3S2.S2
Add undivided sur
plus December 8, 1910,
and there is
Total surplus !!!------ 105, ,71S.6 81
These figures show that after the
running expenses of the steel busi-
ness were paid, a fifth of the total re-
ceipt for the year remained. These
were applied to depreciation, interest,
dividends, and surplus. Meanwhile,
the company was carrying a comfort
able surplus of a hundred millions.
Apply this principle of business ac-
counting to the family of an ordinary
wage-earner. On page 70 of Chaplin S
study of The Standard of Living in
New York City, certain facts appear
for the families that were receiving a
fair" wage ($SO0 to 5000 per year,: :
Gross receipts, $S46,26.
(Total average income per family.)
Operating expenses (up-keep),
$S0426.
Net earnings, $4,000.
The up-keep of the family flood,
clothes, shelter and medicines( alb.
serbs over 95 per cent of the receipts.
The remaining $42 must cover:
/. Depreciation. First on the fur
niture and other property of the fam
lily. Second, on the earning-power of
the bread-winner. Corporations charge
amortization" against mining prop
critics. The earning-power of the
breadwinner falls sooner or later no
less surely than the producing power
of a mine. In some trades (white lead,
structural lTOl, anu OlueE ulSn-TlSk
industries) the depreciation is rapid.
In any case, the depreciation charge
should be sufficient to make up for
lost earning-power, and to protect
against hardship in old age.
2. Interest. The capitalist demands
an interest return because he invests
in a business. The worker invests
his time, energy and all of his income
in his family. He, himself, represents
an outlay for up-bringing, education,
and the like, on which he may justly
demand an interest return.
8. Dividends. The investor de-
mands dividends because of the risk
involved in an investment. The
worker who has married and brought
family into the world on the pres
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04

you are lost if you forget that the
fruits of the earth are for all, and that
the earth belongs to no ne."-Jean
Jacques Rosseau.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04

d. f. Woewe, hat manufactures of
Danbury, Conn, can collect his pound
of flesh by foreclosing on the homes
and life savings of 1S6 union work
men there, but the United Hatters,
the union itself. by no act of its own
will justify the supreme court deci-
sion. which would rob the union of
nearly 100000 This was the deci.
sion in Arlington hall of the conven-
tion of the hatters, the last act of the
session after two weeks deliberation.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04

Retain the good of the past; demand
the good of the present; and you will
get the good of the future.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04

We are within an arms length of
the kingdom of heaven on earth
Emerson.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-06-04

What is extraordinary try to look
at with your own eyes.-Old Maxim.
South Bend news-times., 1915-09-02
SILKS HOLD SWAY AT
THE ROBERTSON STORE
Opening Display Is of Unusual Inter-
est-Rcady Made Goods At
tract Attention

In view OF the fact that silks are
the vogue for the winter. The opening
display at the Robertson store Is or
unusual interest. The north window
is devoted exclusively TO an array or
taffetas and satins that Justify the
vogue for such materials. Two pieces
that were much exclaimed over by
shOp-touring femininity were a com
bination of voile and satin in alter
mating stripes of electric blue and
white. and a satin and taffeta plaid
in black white and shades of rose.
Plaid VIII be ultra fashionable in all
materials but in taffeta II cannot be
surpassed. Daintily brOcaded tametas
are being shown in the silk depart
ment for evening gowns. No parti-
ality as 90 color is notable, but the
silk is more often figured than plain
and no figure is quainter or prettier
than the pin dot in satin on the ground
Of taffeta.
But the Robertson opening is by no
means limited 10 the silk department.
Attractive as these are it must be the
ready made garment that holds the
center Of attention for here milady
can see both the material and the
most charming effects that may be
achieved with them.
The popularity OF velvet and fur
combinations for street garments is
eloquently attoSted to in a long coat
of green velvet which holds the place
Of honor in the south window. 1t is
beIted in with a wide belt of self
material and the skirt is very full, the
fullness of its fare being emphasized
by the st fleming effect of the wide
band of beaver which binds il at the
bottom. The collar is of beaver and
the sleeves are trimmed with il, while
very smart touch TO the body OF
the coat is introduced in the large
beaver buttons which fasten the belt
A suit plain enough to be called tall
Ored yet of material and Irim sur
fciently rich 10 make it dressy too is
a beautiful suit Of wood brown broad
cloth in the same window The skirt
shows a decided return to the press
ed pleats of several seasons ago. The
coat is a plain box affair dropping a
few inches below the waist and bound
with brown beaver.
One of the pretty conceits of the
season and the product of the millin-
cry department is a srall turban with
faring points bound about the edge
with beaver and trimmed simply with
a small gold rose. The "conceit" part
of it comes in in the pretty velvet neck
piece made TO be worn with the hat.
1t is scarcely more than a wired collar
falling into points at the front, the
front and top being bound, like the
hat, i'm beaver. On one point is ras-
tended a gold rose like that adorn-
ing the hat.
The hat fashions show a pleasing
variety. One case upstairs which
sEOws a touch of the different is
filed with white satin hats, sailors
principally. the needed touch of color
bein~ introduced in silk embroidery
or astrich plumes. The only hat here
that is not white satin is a delicate
peach silk, very simple in designs be-
ing merely a stitched hat with wide
Topping brim.
South Bend news-times., 1915-09-02
BOTH VIOLATED LAW:
JUDGE Is PUZZLED
Auto Bill and Auto Brings Neat Little
Problem To- City
Court.

Fred and Edward Kronewitter,
brothers, 1113 +. Haney St, were ar
raigned i'm city court Thursday morn
ing charged with malicious trespass,
by A. Glen Purkey, proprietor of
local garage. After the evidence had
been taken from the witnesses in the
case, Judge Warner took the matter
under advisement until next Satur-
day morning.
According to the court the case is a
difficult one to decide. 1t vas estab-
lished that Kronewitter owed Purkey
a large garage bill, and that Purkey
had claimed possession of KrOneWit-
ter's automobile, upon which Purkey
had done certain bits of work, because
Kronewitter refused TO pay the bill.
The autOm Obile came into kronewit
ter's possession shortly after he gave
Purkey a note in part payment of his
bill, but Purkey is alleged TO have
taken the car from a downtown bus
mess street to his garage
Kronewitter and his brother then
went TO the garage, it is alleged, broke
the lock on the front door and took
possession of the machine. The court
held that PurSey had no right to take
the automobile from the street and
that KrOnewitter violated the law in
breaking the lock.
South Bend news-times., 1915-09-02
YORK IS STARTED ON
STEEL GRAND STAND
IotOrcycle Races Labor Day 20 be In
fOrmaI-AutOs can
Use Track.

| The construction work on the top
h the new concrete and steel grand
Hand. the last important job before
he completion of the great 100000
liant OF the Interstate fair. was be-
hun Thursday. The top and supports
Ire entirely of steel and viii be built
|ver the east end of the stand first.
l. the cement work on the other end
not entirely finished. Five days
lave been given by the contractor as
be time REQUIRED for the placing Of
|he huge tor.
A slight change in the Labor day
Program at me park and the fair next
|Ionday IS announced. originally the
Promoters had planned motorcycle
lace flr the holiday. Instead various
Motorcycle owners OF the city viii be
permitted 10 use the track for the
law. Offering any sort OF q racing pro-
|ram they please. The races will be
|nIrely informal The fair pro-
|hOters have been too busy 10 attend
10 the task of scheduling a regular
|acing card for Labor day. AutOmo-
bile owners are invited 20 come out
Lext sunday and give the speedway a
|ryOut.
Ii was announced Thursday that
he champion horse team of the
World. the property OF ]. Crouch and
ION OF Lafayette Ind. viii be one of
he big attractions at the horse show
n connection with the fair.
South Bend news-times., 1915-09-02
DEATHS.
FREDERICK FRICK.

Frederick Frick, 60 years old. died
Wedn esday evening at $40 o'clock at
his residence in Clay township OF
heart trouble. after an illness last
ing since April He was born in Cen
ter township on March 28, 1855, and
has lived in this county all his life.
He was married in November 1881,
In Niles. Mich. TO Ella Ham, who sur
wives him. Mr.. Frick's parents were
the late MIR ard Mrs. Abraham Frick.
Besides his wife he is survived by
three children, Raymond of Clay
township. Mrs. Grace Stillwell Of Clay
township. and Mrs. Bertha Priebe, r.
Smith St, this city, and the following
brothers and sister: Samuel and AL
fred Frick OF South Bend, Manuel
Frick OF Lakeville. Joseph and Will
lard Frick Of Center township. Har-
vey Frick OF Mishawaka, and Mrs.
John Youts Of Anadarko, Okla.
The funeral viii be held Friday
morning al 10 o'clock from the United
Brethren church, Rev. .. V. Null Of
iciating. Burial Will be in RiyeTview
cemetery.