davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05

Porto Rico Panama and the Philip
pines. of all American possessions. are
the only ones that maintain their own
separate lighthouse services.
tremendous task and a tremendous
responsibility. this humanitarian work
of safeguarding American navigation!
And yet, considering the extent of the
field. the cost in total Is small Aver
past. the annual maintenance charge Of
the service is about $6.o0o.o00. with
about 100000 a year more for new
construction.
-
On the basis of a population Of 1oo,-
100000 in the United States. each in
habitant of the country contributes
about $10.45 for the maintenance of the
federal government. this including the
individual expenditures for postage. And
of this contribution of s1O45 only
cents is absorbed by the lighthouse
service. Six cents per capita then is the
annual charge for maintaining this In
surance against wrecks.
Since you pay Uncle Sam a tax of
Slips on every 1000 cigarettes you
smoke. you will observe that your per
capita charge for the lighthouse service
is more than paid when you have
smoked fifty cigarettes.
The burea Of lighthouses this summer
has completed it's fifth year under civil
ian technical control. From 1852 down
to 1910 the controlling body was the
United States lighthouse board, COM
posed of three naval officers, three
army engineers and two civilians, with
the Secretary OF the Treasury as ex
oficio president of the board The
chairmen of the board were admirals
of the navy, with the single exception
of Prof. Joseph Henry. who was chair
man from 1871 to 1878. This board
greatly developed the lighthouse serv-
ice of the country. but the system gave
divided control.
In consequence Congress, by the act
of June IT, 1910. discontinued the board
and created the bureau of lighthouses
in the Department of Commerce. where.
by the way. the establishment had been
since that department was created in
1903. July l. 1910. the new bureau
came into being. and George Rockwell
Putnam. then an officer in the coast
and geodetic survey. WAS appointed as
tho first commissioner of lighthouses.
and he has since that time been in
charge of this work.
The reasons for the selection Law in
in the demonstrated capability of Mr..
Putnam as an organizer and as an en-
gineer. He Is one of the many tech
biologists In the government service
who have given practically their whole
lives to that service. for he has been
doing engineering work for the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05

sunset, and Early's troops had marched
fourteen miles before the action be-
gan. but all his troops and trains were
crossed over the Monocacy that night.
SO that the march on Washington might
be resumed at dawn. During the OPP
erations at the Monocacy Early tells
that a contribution of s2o0.0 900 was lev
led on the city of Frederick and some
much needed supplies were obtained"
At dawn on the 10th of July the
march from the Monocacy was taken
up and despite some small fighting the
corps marched twenty miles that day
and bivouacked across the Georgetown
pike four miles west of Rockville.
Taking up the march at daylight on the
18th. the head of Early's column came
in sight of the northern defenses of
Washington, Forts Reno. De Roussy.
Stevens and Slocum. about noon and.
swinging across the country from the
Rockville pike to the eth street pike.
his troops were in line before the forts
at about o'clock. Then began the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05

and give to a man lying there a great
advantage over a man who would cross
the bridge. or who would ford the river
at low water and attempt to climb the
river bank. The land on the east side
of the river is full of broken ironstone
and masses of this were thrown up in
digging the trenches. 1t is this loose
stone which has so we'll preserved the
trenches that they would afford fair
protection for troops today.
Leaving the bridge behind you and
following the pike you soon notice a
one wall of which is yelled with ivy.
During the war that was CANDLES
mill and Union troops used it for
shelter. Its mill-race took in water
from Bush creek and poured it into
the Monocacy. 1t is not running now.
James Gamble was the owner of much
of the land on which the fighting took
place. He passed the way that all
men must go, but his son, James
Gamble. and his son, James Gamble.
3rd.. are in the milling business in
BILE home, fine house on hilltop
shaded under a grove Of trees, Is now
owned by DR.. A. F. Mugruder.
Leaving the mill and returning to the
pike and reSum1ng your course to the
southeast, you come to tollgate
where all Automobiles from Washing
ton stop to pay tribute. but the Ram
bier took shelter there from sharp
rainstorm and spent a pleasant hour
with the tollgate keeper William Baer,
and his family.
From the tollgate the pike passes up
grade, and about a third of a mile
farther along a handsome monument
stands on the northeast side of the
road. Just before coming to the monu-
ment you pass an avenue of old trees
leading back to house in a grove on
a knoll. That was the Thomas place
during the war.
The monument. which is the second
you have seen, stands in green clear
ing, and Is separated from the pike
by high hedge of Usage orange. but
through break in this hedge you
enter the clearing, and, standing at
the base of the monument you read the
following inscriptions on the four faces
of the pedestal:
Erected by the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania in Commemoration of
the Bravery, Sacrifice and Patriotism
of the 9th, 87th and 13sth Regiments
that Fought on this Battlefield, July 8,
1864.
Observation-Disclosures H Lanius,
Captain. Co. I, s7th: Robert T. Corn
well, Captain, Co. 1. 9th; William Cop
pleberger, Private, CO. 1ssth.
"97th Regiment. Pennsylvania Volun-
teer Infantry. LIST Brigade, 3rd Division,
9Th Corps. Organized at York, Pa, Sep
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05

in forty-six fathoms, or PIG feet. OF
Cape Blanco, Cal.
THE reorganization of the work re-
suited in a saving of the use of about
six lighthouse tenders. but with the
large increase in the number of aids to
navigation it is now necessary to
build more of these vessels.
I'm the matter of fog signals and the
devising of new methods of warning
vessels, in time of fog, away fuom
danger, there is broad field open to
development. We have made good
progress in this regard. but the prog
ress is not so great as in the improve
ment of Illuminating apparatus.
Away back in 1910 the keeper of
the colonial lighthouse on an island
in Boston harbor-the first lighthouse
on this neutrality-suspicious. the gen.
eral court of Massachusetts that
great gun be placed on said island TO
answer ships in a fog" and the court
voted the gun. This was the first
fog signal in this country. 1t is in
teresting that one of the latest devel-
opments in fog signals has been an
automatic gas gun. invented in Scot
land. but 1t has not yet proved itself
very effective.
Our chief reliance for fog signals
Is on sirens. whistles. reed trumpets,
aerial bells and submarine bells. Sirens
and whistles are operated by COM
pressed air or steam, and trumpets by
compressed air. the compressors being
driven by internal combustion engines.
The larger fog bells, up to 1000
pounds. have hammers actuated by
weight and clock work The smaller
bells are rung by hand
Submarine bells were first regularly
employed as fog signals in the United
States in 1906. The bell is suspended
the water from "A liShtShiD n "A
depth of twenty-five to thirty feet and
is operated by compressed air: the
bell is mounted on a tripod on the bot
tom and worked by electric power
transmitted by cable: it is sus-
pended from a buoy and actuated by
the motion of the sea.
Sound from bells is transmitted
through the water more uniformly and
effectively than it is through the air
from an aerial signal, but the effective
use of submarine bells requires that
vessels be equipped with suitable ap-
paratus.
In point of personnel the service is
one of high ideals and high standards
of efficiency. total of $3.50 persons
are employed, all under civil service
rules. all selected and promoted on a
strictly merit system.
The service is not a highly paid
one, as you will realize when | tell
you that the average pay of a light
keeper is less than $500 a year. True,
he has in addition small subsistence
allowance and his house and some-
times a garden. rent free. and there is
no lack of men who want the jobs.
Nevertheless. considering the hazard
and hardships of the employment, the
pay might very well be supplemented
by a retirement provision by which
a faithful employe. when his years Of
usefulness are over. might receive re-
tirement pay just as such pay is ac-
corded to officers and men of other
government services.
"At present the aged keeper-we
have had some who have kept the
same light half a century at a stretch
when years and hardships have
broken him down. has nothing to look
forward to except what he might have
been able to save from his small pay"
ASHMUN BROWN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05

E1HE battle of the Monocacy. So
called because the Monocacy
river. which enters the Potomac
* thirty miles above Washington,
flows through the battlefield, is closely
associated with the National Capital
because of its influence in delaying the
Confederate attack on Washington
in the summer of 1864. The pike which
leads from Washington out Wisconsin
avenue through Rockville Clarksburg,
Hyattstown, Urbana and into Frede-
rick, and which crosses the Monocacy
river three miles this side of Frederick,
passes through the middle part of the
fighting ground. Three monuments to
brave troops stand within a few feet
of the side of the road. The Rambler
has noticed that not many of the
people who rush along that much
travelled road in automobiles stop to
read the Inscriptions on those battle
field monuments by which they might
learn of the Importance of the fight
ing there and it's relation to Washing
ton.
Within 200 yards of Frederick juno
ton the pike crosses the main line of
the Baltimore and Ohio railroad lead
ing from Washington Junction to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05

lowing is Early's account of the en-
suing operations, as contained in THE
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War:
1.-The enemy, in considerable force.
under Gen. Lew Wallace, was found
strongly posted on the eastern bank of
an earthwork and two blockhouses
commanding both the railroad bridge
and the bridge on the Georgetown pike.
McCausland crossed the river with his
brigade dismounted and advanced rap
idly against the enemy's left flank.
which he threw into confusion, and he
was then gradually forced back. Nc
CauSland's movement, which was very
brilliantly executed, solved the prob
lie mfor me, and orders were sent to
Breckenridge to move up rapidly with
Gordons division to McCausland's as
sistance, and, striking the enemy's left,
to drive him from the position COM
manding the crossings at Ramseurs
front. so that the latter might Cross
Il
This division crossed under the per-
sonal superintendent of Gen. Breck-
inridge, and while Ramseur skirmished
with the enemy in front. the attack was
made by Gordon in gallant style, and,
with the aid of several pieces of Kings
artillery, which had been crossed over,
and Nelson's artillery from the oppo-
site side, he threw the enemy into great
confusion and forced him from his posi-
ton Ramseur Immediately crossed
on the railroad bridge and pursued the
enemy's flying forces, and Rhodes
crossed on the left and Joined in the
pursuit"
Early tells that between so" and 700
unwounded prisoners fell Into his hands
and that the enemy's loss In killed and
wounded was heavy. The Confederate
loss, he says. was about 700 in killed
and wounded. The action closed about
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05

Has Increased the Efficiency the Lighthouse and Reduced Per Light Cost
Maintaining Aids Ngatongh That Burn Months Without Auto
SgnGge Tecnoogst and
Service
Under Absolute Civilian Control.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05
STERN the city is fading fir

a STERN the city is fading from
IN view The sunlight picks out
~ here and there the creamy
= q mass of skyscraper and
makes it a splotch of white against the
smoky, hazy background. The harbor
broadens lined with every sort of craft
that sails the seven seas. the huge bulk
of the idle German liners standing high
above their companions.
Now you are far down the harbor.
You go forward, Drawing the stiff
breeze and flying spray. and observe
the strange twistings and turnings
your ship makes. apparently threading
a maze. Then you note the slantinS
spars rising from the surface of the
water and red or black painted float
ing buoys, and you realize that these
are the signs that mark the channel
AS you round a headland the dull.
melancholy tolling of a bell comes to
your ears above the roar of the surf.
the tolling setting itself to the endless
song, "Dan-ger-dan-g ger. Uppointed
from the headline rises the graceful
column of lighthouse.
Night comes on. AS 1t descends cur
tainwise across the sea a starry beam
Of light suddenly flashes through from
dead ahead. Brighter and bigger It
grows your ship plunges onward. 1t
seems to tumble and dance. but always
in small arc. Presently. in the murk.
your eyes make out the lines of a
riding ship from the mast of which the
light shines forth.
Lonely, solitary, far out on the waste
OF waters, the lightship swings to her
anchor. and your vessel passes her far
abean. There are men aboard that
lightship, you know, and you ponder,
with q trace of pity, on the strange,
solitary life they lead out there in
narrow. cramped quarters that ever are
tossing to the surge Of the waves.
haf a n
things, spar and buoys and tolling
bell. lighthouse and lightship and lone
ly. vigilent men. are parts of a great
beneHcent system to protect and safe
others who go down to the sea IN ships.
Oldest in point of creation. but one
OF the youngest of Uncle Sans HUI
manitarian services in point of present
organization. the lighthouse service of
the United States is the largest light
house service in the world. 1t main
tains lights and other aids to naviga-
ton along 46,s2S miles of coast line and
river channel. Under its care are more
than 1880 aids to navigation Of various
classes.
Sea and harbor, lake and river. wher
ever water-borne commerce moves, the
service is there to protect it from dis
aster. So isolated are some of the sta
lions that the keepers can leave their
quarters no oftener than once in three
months. In periods of storm danger
Gus. arduous. nerve racking is the work.
Each year there is written on the roll a
new list of those employees who have
lost their lives in line of duty, freely
making the supreme sacrifice that
other lives might be safeguarded.
This is a service of fine tradition, and
high and honorable achievement. And
still 1t Is a service that does not rest
with what II has done. 1t is always
moving forward. seeking to do the
work better. Science Is enlisted in its
aid and science has furnished IT with
the means OF making more efficient its
labors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05
MONUMENT OF THE 18th NEW
JERSEY REGIMENT AT MONoCACY.

MONUMENT OF THE 18th NEW
JERSEY REGIMENT AT MoNoCACY.
Baltimore by way OF Relay. The rail-
road line passes through a moderately
deep cut, which the pike bridges. Close
to the edge of the cut and bordering
the pike is a small plot Of green bounded
on two sides by a low, rough stone
fence and on the other sides by fencing
of granite posts. iron piping and barb
ed wire. In the center of that plot is
the granite image of soldier on a.
shaft of granite.
A bronze tablet on the base holds
this inscription: 1.-THE Union Forces,
Commanded by Gen. Lew Wallace, on
This Battlefield, so Stubbornly Opposed
the Confederate Troops Under Gen.
Jubal E. Early as to Assure the Safety
of the National Capital"
On other bronze tablets on the ped
estal the story of the monument is told
thus Erected by the State of New
Jersey to commemorate the heroic
service Of the 14th regiment, New Jer-
sey Volunteer Infantry. LIST Brigade, Sd
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-09-05

eastern part of the territory Where
there was dispute with Great Britain
as to the location of the exact line.
Then followed a survey of the Pr1bllof
islands, the seal islands, in Boring sea.
and then two seasons in surveying the
mouth of the Yukon river. This latter
for craft entering to send their passen-
gers and cargo far up the Yukon to the
new gold fields Of the Klondike.
While this work was in progress gold
Nome, not so far from where the gov
eminent surveyors were at work
Promptly there was stampede. The
lure Of easy-found gold produced de-
serters in the ranks Of Uncle Sans
surveying parties. But Putnam stuck
He put the work through, somehow.
shorthanded as he was.
Besides these surveys, he at other
times did much astronomical and other
geodetic work. including a mission to
with one of the Peary expeditions.
Then. in 1900, the Philippine govern
ment wanted to organize coast and
geodetic survey interlocking with the
federal governments survey Mr.. Put
nam was chosen to go out to the is
lands and organize such a service. as
Its first director. He went and gave
six years to the great constructive
data obtainable, and even went to Mad
rid. where he uncovered a mine of Phil
ippine charts and maps and took them
back to Manila.
The early surveys he. dfrected-for,
even with the Spanish charts 1t was
found that tremendous amount of
original work. not to mention the re-
charting, had to be done-were accom-
plished under difficult circumstances.
Besides the many natural difficulties to
the Inauguration Of such work in the
tropics, parts of the Islands were in in
surrection, and the man with the in
strument had to be prepared to dodge
bullets as he took his observation
Some of this first work was done under
military escort.
When the survey organization had
been thoroughly established on model
lines a fleet of Ave survey steamers was
accumulated, and a we'll running ma
chine established, Mr.. Putnam came
back to the United States to resume his
work with the survey here. He was
put in charge OF the chart office, direct
ing the preparation of the charts of the
American coast line. He prepared a
plan for a revision Of the charts of the
United States coasts, which is in prog
ress.
Then came the call, to him unexpect-
ed. to take charge Of the newly created
bureau Of lighthouses and reorganize
II.
And now. last July. i've years have
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-04-09
FUNERAL FOR LeNFEsrv
Services Are Held for Popular Cigar
Dealer o. Hoquiam BY elka
Eagles and Odd Fellows

HOQUIAM, April 9.-Funeral ser.
vices were held this afternoon for the
late Fred T. Lenfesty, popular cigar
dealer Of this city. who died Wednes-
day night. Interment was in the
mausoleum in Hoquiam cemetery.
The services were conducted by the
Hoqu!am Elks. Eagles and Odd Eel
lows lodges, in all Of which Mr.. Len.
festy was an active worker.
Mr.. Lenfesty was aged ~ years.
born at Perce, Quebec, and came to
Hoquiam in 1892.
For several years he worked at his
trade of shingle weaver. In 1896 he
went into the cigar and tobacco bust.
ness.
Mr.. Lenfesty leaves a considerable
amount Of property in Hoquiam. He
is survived by two brothers. Charles,
Of Puyallup. now here. Peter, Of Eau
Claire. and two sisters, Mrs. w. c.
Petit Of Hoquiam and Miss Minnie
Lenfesty, who 10 now In New York.
In addition there are several nephews
nieces and cousins living In Hoquiam.
and other cities Of Western Wash.
ington.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-04-09
BAKER REPORTS
CHECKS STOLEN

William siese. proprietor Of the
German bakery, 109 West Heron
street. reported this morning to the
police that three checks aggregatins
$25 had been stolen from his estab.
lishment last night. -.
Siese was engaged in making out
q number Of checks in payment Of
sundry accounts, when he was call
ed to answer telephone call and
was absent from his desk for some
few minutes. On his return he found
the checks gone. Banks in Aberdeen
Hoquiam and Montesano have been
checks. which are for 1880, $7.1s
and IS.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-04-09
DRASTIC
FOR DRUGGIST
Council Enacts Ordinance to
Prevent Promiscuous
Liquor Sales
MASS MEETING IS CALLED
Property Owners Invited to
Gather to Consider I'm
provement Of F St.
MASS MEETING IS CALLED

Passage of drastic ordinance regu-
lating sales of intoxicating liquor in
drug stores; decision to purchase a
steam turbine driven pump for the
city reservoir; submission of the city
engineers estimate of cost of sewers
for the district west of Division street;
calling of mass meeting for next
Monday evening of property owners af-
fected by the projected street i'm
provement; and general councilmanic
remonstrance against alleged excessive
cost of lumber furnished the city,
were features of Wednesday nights
council session.
Under the ordinance regulating
sales of liquor by drug stores. by sus-
pension Of rules rushed through all
, readings and final passage. 1t will be
unlawful for q druggist to sell liquor,
except on physician's written pre-
scription or unless the druggist be
convinced that the purchaser is des.
perately i'll. Physicians prescription
must state for what disorder the H.
quor is prescribed. dose to be taken
and otherwise be in conformity with
prescriptions Of other medicines. Max
imum fine Of 500 is provided for vio-
lation of the ordinance in these re-
spects: and like fine and 30 days
in jail are provided for persons max.
ing false statements to physician or
, druggist In order to procure liquor.
In other respects the ordinance rather
follows the lines Of enactments Of the
past few years in dry territory: a
provision. as it were. Of days to come
in Aberdeen.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-04-09
FRONTIER I DAYS. ! .
AT MONTESANO

MONTESANO, April S.-Montesano
knights Of Pythiasa are to put on
Frontier Days celebration in KEEL
lerman hall April Is, 16 and II. and
when it comes to real frontiersmen ii
is said the Montesano lodge can show
up the real article.
Al sort Of q prelude there in to
be ball game Saturday, on the Mon
tesano grounds between q Montesano
X. Of p. team and an Aberdeen X. OF
P. team. II rounds for points. A. e.
Graham Of the Aberdeen lodge d
keeping the names Of his players &C.
cret but both managers have agreed
to play NO one who has handled ball
in six months. The winner Of the
ball game 10 to have $4,000 X. Of
P. money and the winner IL to use
the purse in an attempt to break the
faro bank at the Frontier Days cele-
bration.
The Montesano lineup win be Cap
tain-catcher, r. NJ. Price; pitcher.
Harry Pickering; 1st, R. H. Fleet;
End, B. o. Scoheld; 3rd, r. L. Brick
er; short. G. L. Jackson; right, 9. E.
Marcy: center. CASTOR Moch; left, J.
G. winters; coach, o. N. Nelson
umpire. 8. L. Moak; score keeper
r. L. 0eissler: gate keeper. Guy
Scace and general utility man. Clarf
Moore.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-04-09
CONTRACTOR p,sAPPeARa.
e. chr's<ianson, Who Threw Up Wee1.
port Paving Job Has Not 0esn
9een 8Inee March n.

WESTPORT. April Sc. Christian-
sen, who recently gave up his cen-
tract ON Westport paving has disap-
peared. He was last seen in Aberdeen
on March ~. The same day he ssne
. post card to his wife's brother Fl
Seattle asking him to come and Gse
his vito and children. who were IN
Westport
Reeves Aylmore. Of Seattle, atAor-
ney for the bonding company and
E. A. Fsrck. were in wsstport yss-
terday looking after the paving mat-
ter. Tho bonding company h to Co..
piets the work and IN engineer Aas
arrived to take charge Of the veek.
Mr.. Ferck STATED that the necessary
equipment w0uM soon - ON hand snA
that the joA voah - rushed 70 esna-
pletiou.