davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-04-07
Bulgaria Playing Audacious Game

ouSdiid TldylHg Auuac1ouS Game
Rome, April 6, 1920 P. M.-Com.
me!nting upon Bulgaria reply to Ser
bia s protest growing out of the Va
landovo incident (the attack by Bul.
garian irregulars upon Serbian frontier
guards), the "Tribuna" says the clash
must have displeased the triple entente
powers, while reviving the hopes of the
central empires and Turkey. The
newspaper thinks that Bulgaria is ne.
gotiating with the allies, while at the
same time maintaining intimate rela-
tions with Austria and Germany.
Bulgaria, hoping for realization Of
the provisions of the treaty of San
Stefano, the "Trbuna' declares. "is
playing o most audacious game, which
may cause all sorts of surprises"
The treaty of San Stefano, to which
the "Tribuna" refers, was signed on
March 3, 1878, at San Stefano, a small
port on the Sea OF Marmora, west of
Constantinop;e, and put an end to the
Russo-Turkish war. Under its provi-
sions. principality of Bulgaria was to
be created extending from the Danube
to the Aegean; Rumania, Serbia and
Montenegro were recognized as inde-
pendent. The provisions of the treaty
were greatly altered however, by the
congress of Berlin, June-July, 1873.
Some of the territory which Bulgaria
was to obtain under this treaty was
awarded to her as the result of the last
Balkan war
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
Careless Handling of Appropriations

M UGH light was cast on the operations OF
lF1 the city government by the recent
statements OF departments in regard to ap-
preparations for the coming year. and more
especially by City Engineer Boling's account
OF the expenditure streets.
The Administrative Board Is authorized to
spend only one-half OF an appropriation in
the first six months OF the year. Nevelthe-
less. sle6.o00 in excess OF appropriations has
been awarded in contracts. Mr.. Boiling ex-
plains that the board has ordered $4,000
Of work, which has not yet been begun, and,
therefore. $4,000 remains on the right side
OF the ledger. This Is a very remarkable ex-
plsnat!on. The work calling for an e1pendi-
tu7e ot $4,000 is presumably necessary
wo7k. since il was ordered by the board Yet
Il the regular work requires $4,000 in ex-
cess OF the appropriation. and this money
must be paid out for contracts il is difficult
20 understand how the department is $4,000
10 the good. Apparently the STAG. 900 work
may be dispensed with.
This method Of reckoning is confirmation
o. The ha bit, seemingly prevalent in the city
government. OF divert!ng funds intended for
z specific purpose 10 some other useIit is
% De hoped with no detriment 10 the public
service. In fact. our administration has
certain nonchalant responsibility in the way
= handles funds, which is not without
torch Of the sublime
5s present time calls for great care and
economy in the expenditure OF public money,
State and c.y. The Administrative Board
cannot coun: on future appropriations and
spend noaey months before II comes 70 hand
without running serious risk OF vrecking
t-s City aascceE, or, what is more likely OF
leaving much necessary work undone An
Incl ease II taxation is not desirable. and fur
tle- bond issues should no, be made in a time
q financial depression. The Administrative
Board must learn 70 1--we within its income
and 70 make the citys money go as far as
possible l: IS high time for the reign OF
ca-eieszness 70 come TO an end
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22

by stopping she could save not only the pain.
but the leg
What is a leg?" demanded the inextin-
Euishable. uncomfortable woman Of the stage.
IL Is material part of a souls covering.
but in itself OF no Importance. And suffer-
ing-patn? My friend, there is no pain
The Times-Dispatch Is able to reproduce a
cabiegram received from her by her former
general press representative. who had writ
ten solicitously when 1t was reported that
she h0o hurt her knee, in 1907. Not wait
ing to answer by post the heroine Of many
tragedies wired:
Aucun accident; vais tres blen; souvenirs
aimabcs.
Which. being freely translated. means:
The accident is of no importance Tn
doing fine Regards
That was how she felt when it happened;
in all the developments up to the amputation.
through all the pain. she never changed her
mind The material injury was Of no inn
portance. Looking up to her art as one who
worships and standing before her fate as one
who submits. the spirit Of the woman was
"S'il vous plat. Mon Dieu." AS Providence
willed, SO she could accept whatever i'll came.
yet pursue her important business OF life not
doggedly not stubbornly, not tenacousy.
hut smilngly. cheerfully. sustaining herself
and those about her by the detached attitude
OF her indomitable spirit, that ignored the
clay
And now she will tour Amerca What
next?
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
War News Fifty Years Ago

Night before last the enemy supposed to be
Old Church m the IN our epS of
County, fifteen miles northeast OF Richmond
Yesterday morning n body OF Confederate cavalry
advanced and re-establtshed the picket posts
II is understood that tho Federal General
kautz. with his troopers, sent around to
of Sheridan's raiders. who were tagged out and
less excursion and they were thus unable to
take care of themselves.
Deserters from the Federal army report that
1t was Grants pet plan to have Sheridan, after
his long raid. to join the main army at or
about Hatcher's Rum and then to raid on the
Southsfde Road but 1t appears that Sheridan
found IT to be much bigger Job than he antici
Pated. and that while lie reached the Hatcher's
Run position. his men and horses literally
tagged out. and It Will take many weeks Of rest
Tor them to recupcrate.
Day before yesterday afternoon the Conted-
crate batteries the Jerusalem Plank Road.
near Petersburg. opened up vigorous fire
the Federal observatory recently erected the
Avery House The Federals replied with their
artillery and the duel KEEP; up four
half hours. without decided results either way.
the IIatcher's Run front. and It is believed that
his next big attack will be from that point
Reports are current that General Johnston
had renewed the night against Sherman Mt Ben
tonv!lle. y. c.. and had again gotten the best OF
the enemy. However. there were official
ports to he given out, and the telegraph lines
that usually furnish with information out
side OF tho War Department were inactive yes
terday.
\. c.. three days ago seems to have been ono
OF those sudden and brilliant coups for which
General Joseph r. Johnston IL famous. The
latest reports that Johnston still hold
ing his at Bentonv!lle
The sword. belt and sash, ordered ny the city
OF Petersburg for Mator-Generhl Malone. was
presented to that brave and veteran officer day
before yesterday near his headquarters, In Chcs-
terfcld County. The presentation took place
in the presence OF large assemblaRe officers
soldiers and citizens. Many ladies' OF Petersburg
and OF Chesterfield County gathered to witness
the presentation.
operating IN East Tenn essee. and has been sew
eral times defeated, has been REINFORCED by
troops from Thomas's command. and It IS now
said that he Is starting movement into South
west Virginia
Last accounts-and only accounts come
from Northern papers that sneaked through
the lines-are to the effect that gold has gonc
down 10 1G5 in New York.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
THE HORNBOOK

WASHINGTON. March 21.-Most OF
us learned our \ Il C's from a primer
or a large paper placard hung on tho
schoolroom wall, but our grandparents
our grcat-grandparcnts and several
generations before them learned their
letters from Il hornbook. once n com
mon object in the hands of every school
child, especially In England and
America, this early irst-lcsson book
IS, strangely enough. now almost ex
tinct
The hornbook consisted OF a sheet Of
paper inscribed with the alphabet. the
nine digits, and sometimes the invo-
cation and the Lords Prayer. attached
to Il square board covered with a thin
sheet of transparent horn to prevent
the copy being torn or soiled by the
dirty fingers Of the youthful students.
1t had a handle, usually ut the bot
tom, formed by tho extension Of the
with picture or design either on
paper or leather. the wood horn and
paper or leather being held together
by narrow frame or border of brass
or leather tackled on. In general the
hornbook had the appearance of an
ornamented modern butter paddle. or
short bladed bat, for which 1t seems
they were often used. being termed
"battledores." Most OF them had II
hole in the handle through which n
string or ribbon was passed to form n
loop. and thereby enable the scholar
to carry 1t hung over his arm. attached
to his girdle. thus preventing It's loss.
The Smithsonian Institution Is In
possession OF n remarkable two-vol-
ume work by Andrew w. 1'ucr. u. S.
A., on tho history Of the hornboole
The volumes arc profusely illustrated,
showing reproductions OF hornbooks Of
different typos and periods. many OF
which are on exhibition In tho division
Of graphic arts In the United States
National Museum.
These forbear3 OF the primer are sup
posed TO have been invented by an over
worked schoolmastcr who. tired OF con-
stantly making new and careful copies
of tho alphabet and figures for his care
less pupils to destroy and lose, devised
the plan OF making his copies moro dur
able by attaching them to wooden
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
Tribute 70 a Snort
IIIUUKS TO u NIVI0
N IAMOND JIM BRADY, sitting a. q

n 1AMoND JIM BRADY, sitting a. grand
~ Juror in Federal court IN New York
heard the story OF woman who had been
robbed OF all her money, and a. the conclu-
sion Of her testimony quietly tossed 800
bill TO her across the stenog-apher's table.
The other Jurors added $50 and the woman
went away with mighty favorable opinion
OF the law
Brady had something the matter With his
system. went 20 Johns Hopkins Hospital, q;
Baltimore. was fixed Up and promptly gave
The hospital q fund % S250,01Q il gratitude
While ha was convs,escac Is sreaEei UP
the back aNeys after dark anu hunted OF,
poor people. Just for ;h@ fun Of g:v!ag them
money and clothes and food Nobody knows
how uzoy girls from .he COUNTY,, seeking
the foo.GEais II New Io-E s-d tai,..E have
been rescued sad sa2. home ~ his -2za-
Gotham i fl! q stories aao1- him
/; is1't ,tst a-a5y wants . -sa.= : STOW
True. be 60; h:s soh-.q1e; u wearing ::z-
Inold-str6Gs1 sGsr@-5A- c-:;c-= z-G MAKING
ve!si-E g..-:=- o: H.-==.: hut back 8: .ts
zI'=c-. cr-E- = rs :-u= s;.o-. Il: ,-u= s;,o--
1Iwa7= ozs 1l= 1sz-. op=-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
16-INCH GUNS FOR BATTLESHIPS

WASHINGTON. March cl-The two
hattleships provided for In the current
naval bill may be armed with sixteen
inch rifies. the heaviest naval guns ever
designed
While tentative plans for the new
ships contemplate vessels similar In
general design to ships OF the CALI
fornia class $4,000 tons). now building
details OF armament and engine equip
mcnt are being given unusual attention
by navy designers. and the results oh
taircd from the hfteen-inch main bat
teries OF the newest British and Ger
man battleships are being closely
watched
Already the new sixteen inch navy
gun has been subjected to tests at the
Indian Head proving ground. and while
details OF its construction and perform
ancc nre closely guarded, II Is known
that the gigantic weapon has given
proof OF It's efficiency which delight
cd navy ordnance experts Tho gun
was built ut the American naval gun
factory. and has been undergoing tests
for several months
Some IDEA OF the probable size OF the
new American gun may he gathered
from the fact that each Of tho eight
hftcen-inch guns OF the British battle
ship Queen Elizabeth weighs ninety
six tons. while similar rifles designed
In the kIupp works for German bat
tlcships laid down this year each weigh
more than eightytwo tons. The four
,een-inch rifes of the battlesh!ps New
York md Texas for the FIVE new Amer
lean DrcadnouEhts now under construc-
ton. weigh CAS- tons each. and 1t Is
certain that the new siNteen-inch
weapon weighs more than 100 tons
without Its mounting.
Heavy Truck ProJectiie.
Krupp engineers have designed n
sixtecn-inch gun which fires n projcctile
weighing 202s pounds. against tho
1878 pound mass OF steel hurled by the
:iftecn-inch rifles adopted for the Ger
man navy ana the l,720-pound pro-
tcctilcs poured into Turkish fortresses
OF the Darlanclles by the british bat
tlcship Queen Elizabeth. None OF the
German or British vessels OF the FIRST
line carry any weapon exactly similar
70 the American fourtecn-inch gun. a
jump having been made last year from
the standard twelve-!nch rifle to the
hftccn-inch type.
The New York. Texas. Nevada, and
Oklahoma each carry ten lt-inch guns
while the Pennsylvania, California
Idaho. and mississippi each VIII carry
twelve, placed three to a turret. These
weapons throw projectiles Weighing
100 pounds. as Is the case with the IA
inch guns designed for the four Japa-
ncsc battlcships estimated for In 1914
With the increase in size. the life OF
the gun is shortened by erosion, due to
the heat generated by the explosion or
the huge charge OF powder necessary TO
hurl nearly ton OF metal fifteen miles
that is said to he the range of the
American lG-inch weapon. The rihing
Of the gun burns out under the blast.
Drops OF melted STEEL are visible In the
bore after each shot. and IL is said that
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22

the life OF tho Queen Elizaheth's Is
inch weapon In less than 100 shots each
After that the gun Is so inaccurate as
to be virtually useless.
Navy gun designers have overcome
that obstacle somewhat. 1t Is said. with
the rev American 16-inch gun: but
the life OF the gun is still far below
that Of the l4-lnch.
The krupD works. before tho out
break OF tho present war. announced
that n process OF steel and powder
manufacture had been evolved that
decreased erosion: hut tho factory is
understood TO have refused to contract
TO supply n large number of great
guns under guarantee OF $50 rounds
accuracy nre life.
British Procens of Refining.
In placing aboard tho Queen Eliza
beth tho l5-inch weapon designed
for her class, British navy officials
arc understood TO hhve depended upon
cheap process FOR refining, perfected
ny their engineers. to Offset the short
life OF the gun. II TINT be true IL
Is probable the Queen Elizabeth soon
may DO compelled 10 return TO England
and have guns placed aboard ~ the
steahy pounding at the Dardanelles
forts eNhausts her main battery
1t has been suggested that l6-inch
guns could DO substituted for tho a.
inch batteries Of the American battle.
ships now under construction, placing
thctn two TO turret instead OF three,
and giving tho ships eight guns each
instead of twelve. Navy officers say,
however. that the cost OF such an al
teration would be very great II II could
be made at all They nlso hold that
the American lt-inch gun IL the equal
or tho British or German l5-.nch for
all practical purposes. With any tar
get In plain View, II is said, the Amer
lean gun has equal range and nearly
equal penetration, tho difference being
more than counterbalanced b. the
larger number OF guns carried. Thus.
IN action against such ship as the
queen Elizabeth tho Pennsylvania
would have twelve l4-inch guns.
against eight l5-inch. and would havo
80 per cent greater opportunity for
scoring hits. For Indirect fire. such as
the work In which the Queen Elizabeth
shared In tho Dardanelles. the l5-inch
guns greater range would be import
ant: but IL Is not believed It would be
factor In a purely naval battle
During the present war. big-gun ma
val engagements have been fought at a
range OF from seven TO ten miles. effec-
tive distance for either IL or Ii-incE
guns.
AS matter OF fact. il has been
pointed out that the German S-inch
guns outrangcd larger British guns be.
cause OF the higher gun elevation pro-
vidcd by German designers. German
haNai guns as rule. have a maximum
elevation OF 30 degrees, against IS de-
Grees aboard British and American
ships. That Is another problem upon
which American designers are concen-
tratins attention in planning new
ships.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22

plaques and covering them with Thin
shcets or norm. The first ARRANGEMENTS
OF TINS sort, which are supposed IN have
appeared In about 1850. although some
aiphaDetical tablets may have preceded
them. comprised tho alphabet. tho dig
Its. and the Lords Prayer in Latin Tbo
earliest ones were hand written. b,,t
AFTER the invention OF movable tvDe
they were printed In black and Roman
type.
The first English hornbooks appeared
in the early part of the sixteentb can
tury. from which period until tho reign
or George III. they were common and
very popular. They are mentioned e.,
cn8Ish literature, and are the subject
OF poem by Thomas Ticken. con
temporary OF Addison and Steele: while
Shakespeare, Bunyan, Peacham and Ren
Jonson also write OF them. The horn
book Is depicted in many works of srt
cuts and prints OF the fifteenth. air
teenth and seventeenth centuries. II
was probably brought to America by
the early settlers. that their children
might continue their studies and learn
to read. and 1t is alluded to by our coun-
trymen In writings. journals and 30
rorth dated 170S. 1916 and 1880. AL
though scarcely any originals exist to-
day.
Many trades entered into the con-
struction of the hornbook, one writer
having estimated thirty. yet its cost OF
production must have been insignificant,
since 1t sold for only ono or two pence
per copy, although, not long since. as
much MS eco and f25 have been paid
FOR single original.
While tho middle classes were eyi-
IDENTIFY satisfied to have their prouenv
learn their A b Cs from n cheap wood
en-mounted hornbook, tho aristocrat.
and well-to-do would have nothing but
the best. and to-day there arc in exist
chce several made Of bone. ivory. silver,
pewter ana read, and more recent issues
on cardboard and paper The SEARCH for
examples OF this ancient book OF learn
ing has aroused much interest among
inc takers. AZ we'll as collectors and
historians. so that limitations have an
peared. Mr.. Tuer describes several spu-
rlons eopiea and relates how no discov-,
cred thoir fabrication.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
What Next Will Bcrnhord, No,

THE divine Sarah belongs 10 ros,,,os
= Some one said she floats on her ono,rs
also. She starts out with immortality whera
SCoarser spirits hope to climb. Eternal hn,co
ineXtinguishable. her glory is Ike ,ho. ~ va
morning star In the armament of ar, II
any can think of other things TO saw meas
pntiy ana admiringly about Nine Bernhard,
20 ahead and say 1t. II il all true and ,roro
ana now at seventy years of age--unea,-
liant reference!-th!s wonderful woman ,,rn
poses TO provide herself with ? CORY Ioa
take the place of that one just recently. an,
putated. and on that cork leg and tho GOOD
one TO make another farewell tour -,
america. Shades Of all the Spartans tbi,L
fo2 1t! During the nearly nine years q, har
suffering she has steadily sturdily clunp 10
lFer business In ife. acting and teaching tho
@1rt OF Aof,snne Lecouvrenr and Rachel al
Enough her physician and surgeon vr.ed ~.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
On the Other Side.

Poor Chlnns apprehensive now
Ihat while the Western nations
Are mixed In their titanic row
And bloody complications
That she Will prove too sweet a bait
For Japanese resistance,
Snd that this war OF Western hate
VIII end her own existence.
THE TATTLEP
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
Chats With Virginia Editors

says the Petersburg Inde1-Appeal discuss
ing American eSpatriates whose incomes thi,
country finds It difficult to collect. but who
have TO pay larger taxes In England: Ono very
simple method suggested whereby those
Americans can help themselves Is to coma
nome. mat would be high price. however
Tor Uncle Sam pay
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22

BY and by" says the Newport News Times
Herald, all the people OF this State will wake
up To the fact that the Newport News ahinv,rd
Is Virginia institution and an honor as we'll
rs valuable asset. TO the Common eaI,b" Tho
tiInes-HeTald does its State and city equal in
Justice The appreciation which 1t expects
in the future has present existence
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
Saving tho Dolls.

why DO put your dolls away so care
fully asked Aunt Myra
"Oh, replied l!ttle Eva, I'm keepinp than NV
my children to play with"
But suppose YOU do not have any chlldren?"
queried her aunt.
Then" replied tho little miss. "Tn give them
to my Observation-Disclosures Tribune
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
Wonderful.

Mr.. Craig was reading tho evening paper.
while his wife sat by knitting
Just listen TO this. Dolby" he said at savs
here that more than 5000 elephants year 90
10 make piano keys" o.
Graeious:" cried the wife. Amt It wonder
ful. Dan what some animals can be trained RI
do"'--Southern Wonan's Magazine
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22

The Clifton Forge Review thinks too much
stress IS being placed on the health OF cattle
and not enough on the health Of folk Sava
the Review: We have known Of an outbreak
OF disease emong the people of n given com
mun'iT. and there was attempt TO spend vast
sums or money to save human life and erad!-
cate the disease; yet when there Is danger OF
rev cattle dying with foot a nd r,ou,I,
disease, we hastily provid. a large sum OF
money 10 protect other cattle and partly reim-
ourse tho owners OF the ca tile slain. 1t IS well
ana good to BIO careful and provide aEainst
nisfortunes Of every kind, but arc we doing
this all along or only In spotsr'
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
A Victim of tho war.

MADAM" said tho tattered and torn sun
phant 10 the benevolent lady who answered his
timid rap at tho door, have you any old clotbes
you can spare for unfortunate victim OF tho
European war;"
Il think have. my poor man: but how does
this happen? You cannot have been In this
war, suroly?'
mo, madam" hurnbly replied tho su0crer.
but my wife has sent all my clothes to the
Belgians"-Harrfsburr star-rn epende
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
willing Victims.

Hc-Are those friends OF yours the Climb
highs. IN the wh;- OF society
She-Not exactly: but they keen SWIMMING
around the vortex In the happy expectation that
they Will be drawn In ~
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22

There are ewes and caves. as the Chatham
Enterprise has discovered: I'VE are on the
cave OF prosperity all right the Enterprise la
ments. and our hold Is beginning to get n
Htt4e weak. SO weak that il is dollars TO
couEhHuts that we shall have hit the cob
blestones and bounce high enough TO land on
the roof before we ever get back there again"
VIII not some kindly constituent of the En-
terDrise provide mattress?
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22
He IIelped Her Ont

May irwin. now In vaudeville decided she'd
tell Il story new TO her In Philadelphia TUESDAY
night She had reached the climax when a man
In tho audience spoke right up and told the
point. "
lhank YOU. said Miss Irwin, not the least
frustrated. "rN get n rocking chair and rnr
come right up here with Well make this
a nice little homeike party"
la! ha! ha"' came from the man-New York
Evening World 'N
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-22

Don't waste t!no making complaints about
the weather. These kicks never produce any
results. and they are made usually by folks
who have mighty little else to do