davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-01-02

police department In the new year
.He was taken into custody by OtiicerI
SchwartE ON the charge OF drunken
mess. Farrell had evidently stopped
on here after pilgrima &c to that
dear Marietta, o. <. 8 ~
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24

~Thy Who
Whole People h of
Greatest in the World

cultivated. They profess supremacy in eultiva.
ton. Yet they have violated treaties to which
they themselves nave been parties; they have
Invaded devastated the Innocent country
Of Belgium; they have destroyed the University
of Louvain; they Lave bombarded the Cathe-
dral Of Rheims; they have sown the ocean
with mines; they have desecFated the sanctity
Of the white nag nd the Red Cross; they have
sunk the Lusitania; they have used asplfyxiat.
ins gases in Franc. and Flanders; they have
poisoned wells in Southwest Africa. What, then,
Is "Kultur?" How does it differ from "culture?"
Anybody who considers the general accept
ance of the word culture" will probably feel
that It denotes certain definite qualities or at
tainments of human nature.
1t implies knowledge, and that Of various
kinds-the mastery Of the physical world, an
acquaintance with the history Of mankind. an
thought of all the ages. It implies refinement.
too. The essence of humane studies Is, as
the ancient poet has said. a mitigation, or an
amelioration, or barharous rudeness.
But, apart from manners q cultivated per
son finds his pleasure not only, or chiefly. in
material objects such as wealth. but in art.
science and poetry.
to be freedom. Primitive man is the slave Of
arbitrary customs but as he becomes civilized
and cultivated he Is enabled to develop him
to which he willingly submits are the means
and instruments of his free action. Liberty.
as J. p. Mills conceived 1T In his celebrated
essay, Is essential to progress.
There 10 yet a fourth element which never
fails to assert and express itself in true cul.
ture. 1t is sympathy knowledge EXPANDS the
interest, as it widens the outlook Nobody is
cultivated man-nobody, indeed, deserves
to be called gentleman-unless he thinks of
others as well of himself. and pays regard
to their feelings no less than to his own.
1t will not, think, be denied that Germans
of the highest intellectual and spiritual ealibre.
such as Goethe and Kant, have. in their lives
and in their writings, exhibited these qualities
not always in The same degree, for learning
and refinement are more conspicuous In Goethe,
sympathy in Kant; but they have not been
wanting as distinctive features of cultivated
Teutonism.
But the word "Kutur" has practically, II
not always theoretically, possessed a different
meaning. 1t seems, curious enough, to be
word Of comparatively late origin In the great
'Deutsches Worterbuch" of Jacob and Wilhelm
Grimm, which began to be published about the
year 1860. neither "Cultur" nor "Kultur" &C.
ours In Meyers "Konversations Lexicon"
(1s96), "Kultur-Geschichte" is the subject OF
an elaborate definition. which may be said to be
in effect that 1t Is the history of the inner
social life Of humanity in its natural develop
ment the material, but still more on the
spiritual (geistigen) side.
Experience, however, shows that. when the
word "Kultur' has been used by Germans OF
late years. should say. roughly. from 1870
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24
Mnd Describes Pleasure
World Into Community of Sisters of Mercy and Solemn Patriots"

posters. One Of these pictures In part.cala1
displayed favorite Partisan star of that truly
Partisan spectacle. a "revue"-we call her 4
commere de revue"-with a dress excessively
tom. 1t did not please the people of Paris but
they did not become angry. for that is rarely
me custom. Every day the passersby treated
they wrote in large letters across the poster.
Hide your legs" The next day they adorned
the head OF the singer with q well-executed
picture OF q Prussian helmet belonsing to the
notorious Deaths Head Husssrs." Still an.
other day they spoiled the poster By disnEurine
1t with an enormous exploding bomb. At the
same time practically everybody avoided the
performance so that the establishment vas
obliged to close In less than week.
Inc only public performances which draw
Iull houses are those where they recite GOOD
poetry or where they play classical French
music or where some orator speaks with Wis.
dom ana sobrtety upon the national feeling
about the war and the future. Every other Hind
OF spectacle is condemned in advance. Nearly
all these performances, by the way ara mi.
inees and are held for the benent ana the antsr.
tainment OF wounded soldiers. which il one OF
the principal reasons for their success
Ineatr1cal managers have indeed tried -
produce several new pieces. which a year ago
would have brought all Paris and the cream OF
the visiting population running to see them.
They have absolutely failed in consequences OF
The favorite actor Of Paris q true spoiled
child Of the public. NJ. sacha Guitry himself
could not succeed. He wrote q piece in the
style OF those who have brought him tremsn,
dous success for several years past He played
It himself. Before the curtain rose he came
forward and made witty speech, axplainfas
that Paris. ia spite of the war. should not lose
us sayety. that its dash and its joy were thens
selves form Of courage People listened -
him politely. They even applauded him be-
cause they liked him. but his work could mo-
touch the soul Of the Partisan public In it,
present state. and after Q very few represantao
tons 1t left the theatre empty.
Yes. Paris 10 and will remain grave and calm
In this attitude 1t finds the accomplishment OF
Its duty. 1t gives q supreme lesson to those
who calumniate 1t. But what win It be in the
future? Let no ono be uneasy about that le
win become again joyous. full % dancinx aaa
feasting and laughter. but We hope that no ono
will be deceived about W again, that they WIN
understand hslceforth that under its garb %
gayety Paris carries great heart. sublimalN
human. whose strength and dignity are IN
vincible.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24

What human being then. however Partisan
he she might be. could have the heart to
amuse himself when he knew that the soldiers
Of his country, all the men of France, are
posed not only to shells, to bullets, and to hand
grenades. to savage hand-to-hand fights with the
bayonet and the knife. but to the hor.
rors OF asphyxiating gases. which corrode the
eyes and the lungs, and of flaming liquids.
which burn men up alive! Even the elements
have been more terrible, for never has war been
pursued with such a complete disregard to the
suffering caused by the cold, frost, snow and the
foods. Among those who came back to Paris
untouched this Spring by bullets, many had
their feet frozen of from prolonged exposure
to cold in the trenches, while perhaps as many
will 80 mad from unrelieved exposure to tho
sun in Summer.
You ask me what has become OF all those who
whirled in the gay luxurious life of Paris now
transformed, still beautiful, but in another
fashion, in its gravity so poetic under the
moonlight that no artificial radiance disturbs
or so mysterious in the cloak Of it's nocturnal
nists7
AS far as the women OF society are concerned.
the answer is simple. They are all nurses or
hospital workers, enrolled in some patriotic
organization. We may state that. thanks to
them, the laooring pOpOlatlOn OF earlS. SnQQenIy
deprived of work, has. up to the present. not
suffered from misery.
Our women have founded societies to relieve
those about to become mothers; to take care of
the babies and to help families too large to be
supported by poor parents. If there had not
been a terrible influx into Paris of refugees
from Belgium and the invaded parts of France.
the foresight and the devotion of Partisan So
ciety women, acting IN cooperation with tho
Government officials. would have been sufficient
to prevent all distress In the city.
AS for the "artistes" their duty was dis
tinctly marked out from the beginning, They
gave their help to patriotic matinees. organized
for the benent of patriotic societies. or they
went to the quarters Of the copvaleseent sol
diers, to sing or recite patriotic poems before
the wounded. who listened to them with en-.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24
A Skittish Actress's
Splendid Devotion.

have witnessed myself more than one strik.
fng example of this. l knew about ten years
ago very pretty young woman named Helena,
who had played a small part in a piece by my
husband. She was very young altogether wild,
and her life. in short. was a scandal. had not
heard of her for years until a few months ago.
when she called me and asked to speak to
me privately. l received her. She brought me
twelve hospital shirts. which we call "plas.
trons.' for my wounded soldiers. She handed
them to me. timidly, saying:
Madame, mix them with the others. Then
they will not know that they come from me-"
could only answer, "Come with me-"
I took her to my "Vestiaire," sort of hos
pital and clothing bureau, where there were Q
great many wounded, and said to her:
distribute your 'plastrons' yourself"
The poor girl could hardly recover from tho
happiness which this caused her. She handed
out her "plastrons" to the soldiers and kissed
their hands as she did 80. which astonished
them very much. She wept and said to me
repeatedly:
"Oh. do not deserve this"
answered, Eyes, you do; but 70 on WORKING
and shall think even better of you"
In the course Of the Winter she sewed for me
NO less than eleven hundred "plastrons" for
the wounded.
So you see how even tho most frivolous
Partisan element has raised itself up. has
shown grave and silent heart"
Some people have indeed struggled against
this tendency. Certain "cafe-coucerts" endAay.
ored to resume their former type of spectacles
and even pasted up before their doors allurine
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24
BY 1t. Rev. Bishop Weldon
DIAN Of Manchester and Former Famous
HeadmAstee Of Harrow.

Matchmaker Of Harrow.
IN Germany the seed.plot Of the war was no:
the palace. or the Senate or the Council
Chamber or the messroom; it was the uni
versity, it was the school. German military
Iuthoritlos have long 90. much store upon tho
influence 81 tho teaching profession. 1t was
the German schoolmaster, said the great
kIolrke. who won the BATH. of Sadowa.
When ! lived in Germany some ten years
after the FrancoGerman War Of 1870 there
xas, 10 far as could Judge, among the pro-
sic. among the men Of business, and even
among the soldiers themselves, no express am
hilton OF supreme or universal power over the
sors auch as Nietzsche, Treitschke and Del
bruck have inspired the whole mind and soul
of Germany, and above all OF Prussia, with am
bilious dreams Of conquest expanding by sea
as BY land to tho far ends Of tho habttable
globe. They have converted military writers
like General Bernhard. statesmen like
lpts like
naSnatss Hike Iwinner and Ihyssen they have
converted the Kaiser himself
For the most part. the Englishspeakins
world draws only too broad line between
scademicai theories and practical politics
But the philosophical thought which Gains ana
"':aa.ens most people, if it touches them at all.
Is, IS Madame de Stael said, apt to infame the
German people; and it has certainly inf1amed
them of late years. have been told that not
anticipate what Fey have merrily called "The
Day." that is. the inevitable day Of war with
Great Britain. al the goal Of their hopes. but
that schoolmasters and schoolmistreases all
over Gernranv have systematically tausht their
pupils .fc - N of Germany's imperial title
10 rule Il. 80, and have enforced it, as
sovereign q y. ny text books and even by
maps, in ,l..ch .he historical and, indeed, the
actual relation OF Germany to the other great
Powers Of Europe has become might almost
say a living breathing f.lsehood.
Tno
Of education, but the peril Of a false or vicious
education.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24
o4snop weldon of Manchester,
Formerly the Famous Head
master of Harrow.

onwards-it has not meant learning, scholar
ship, art and literature, or it has meant these
things in quite secondary degree. Rather
its meaning has been energy efficiency. and
that efficiency not much individual ma
tional; social evolution, in the sense of success
full civil and military administrations, financial
capacity, commercial enterprise, and, SO far as
possible, general superiority in the rivalry of
nations. In word, the German "Kultur."
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24
true mother Of a family.

The Partisan women whom the. war has thus
changed are numberless. Many who had fallen
to the most unfortunate condition have begun
a new life by working for the public relief
organizations. They undergo thus a kind OF
regeneration by becoming a part of the nation,
by adding their humble effort to the splendid
effort of our soldiers They. too. have some one
in the war-a father, a brother, perhaps a for.
mer fance, whom they have disdained because
he was poor and who now represents all that
is best in themselves and binds them to tho
general sentiment of the nation. They feel
themselves no longer isolated and under .
stigma.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24
Education the

ltsslf More ana mere a. history progsedo the
State SECURES tlat its c;tisans s6euiA al be
educated. For education IL nscsAaAsy, not on.y
peri's waiaA aso always !ianlo TO oce4r wasa
sao population IL left In ignorance. but "a
ttfsnGsAsoins it in Industrial. seientihs. not 10
the world. Tho baltic 10 now NOT to tho swift
or to the strong. bot to the educated. Yet Is
sas only in the year 1920 that Hrougnau hrst
sral edac.:ion o. the people, and n more dan sa
nifty ycars elapsed before such bNl WAs
placed, as IN act, upon the stStute Book. TO.
Gay nobody doubts that education = not only
ment IL tho national lie.
Warning Against
lmrerfeet Education.
The difference which have tried to en-.
phasiss between CULTURE and "Kulturs 10 q
bitter warning against q ons-sidsd or ilAueriect
education. For the crying fault Of Germany
aas been that It hso thought Of German ad-
vance alone. and that An advance only In
strength and mower over Europe. and ultimate
~ over tho world. Il never scanned to occur to
her that the doctrine OF the suporstata might
apply to other nations ~ well Al to Germany.
few months ago the services Of Germany
to literature and science were perhaps over.
rcted: they are now. think. coming TO be IN.
POSSESS
nopoy Of creative ability or Effectiveness or
research. But Germany Is. think. the country
whore the most careful and thorougb work N
many departments of human study has Of late
:een accomplished II the Germans nave failed
At all n learning, a. they have surely JAILED IL
politics aud diplomacy. the reason 10 that ths1
have been too German; they have not knowa
or thought enough OF the weird outside Ger.
many. In my own Subjects such as theology
aEd classical scholarship. 1t has often been 4
matter OF surprise to me that Germ.n writer's
% profound knowledge within their own linn n
should be SO ignorant of English theologians
ana English scholars. and sometimes 90 eager
II accumulatinE evidences. however insde.
arasc. to support their own theories. while 80
Hesligent In regard to the balance of evidence
on both sides Of the question. Is 1t not an 10.
tellectual paradox that man like Dr.. Aarnsck
who has spent his life in basing conclusions
upon ancient documents. should spparcntiy
form his judgment upon the present war With
out any apparent reference to documents a
first hand?
l plead. then. for patriotism as an element IN
education but plead for wise end sane
patriotism. There is q signal ovtburst of Do.
triotic feeling in the British Empire to-day
How far 1t is due to recent teaching cannot
say. but the schoomaster and the schoolmIe
tress have played their part.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24
The Real
Meaning of "kultur."

1t is here that the meaning or bearing Of the
.,e.man word "Kultur" comes ft,to the ques-
rs the equivalent + tn. English word "cuItnrea
Dut English men ana omen suddenly awoke
with startling :urprise to the discovery that
1t does not forbid. and. indeed, appears to con.
done If 1t does not induce, such actions as are
felt to be unworthy Of a civilized and cultivated
nation. The Germans are. or call themselves.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24
BY Mime. Catulle Mendes
The Distinguished Parisian Postess ana
Feminist Leader.

the Distinguished PARTISAN Poote81 ana
Feminist Leader.
~NE year Of the greatest war In history
and we see Partisan life that no
~ stranger who knew it only before tho
would recognize.
The gayest Of cities the community OF pleas.
nre-seekers and pleasure-makers, has been
transformed into a community of earnest men
and women. of Sisters Of Mercy. Of wounded
soldiers. and of solemn citizens. weighed down
with their responsibilities.
The calm end ssave attitude of Parts since
the war has --.laished many foreigners. All
they knew of PATS was an exterior Of luxury
and pleasure. theatres. restaurants, caoarets.
cafes-concerts. the hill Of Montmartre orna-
mented with the sails of Its Moulin Rouge and
Its short-skirted dancers.
Such people cannot understand how all that
could disappear at stroke and how another
Paris mas replaced the Paris which they sup
posed to be only city Of feastng. place OF
Joy, where people came to amuse themselves
from all ends of the earth.
In other wars. such transformation vas not
seen. Even in the cruel siege OF 1870, much
gaety was maintained and many a noted Par.
isian wit made merry over his scanty banquet
Of horse meat. Paris was never before extin-
guished. never ceased altogether to laugh or to
dance. That is because all other wars were
different from this.
Every Partisan
Has Lost Someone.
To-day there Is not human being in Paris
or in all France who Is exempt from the effects
Of the war. Every man Is a soldier from 20 to
Is years of age. and there is practically no one
who has not close relatives in the war. More
over. the present war is so terrible that hardly
any one returns unhurt either from actual
wounds or from injury to his health. The dan.
gers and the suffering to which they are ex-
posed are SO atrocious that 1t is not possible
for one who has not seen them even to imagine
chem.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24

esSO~DeeS
Based on Greek Theory.
Modern German thought then has reverted
to the old Greek theory. that it is not the State
which exists for the good of the individual, but
the individual who exists for the coed Of tho
State. There ia. In fact, no limit to the duty
which the citizen owes to his State. Whatever
the States called upon him to do. he is bound
to do, and to do readily and cheerfully. 1t is
the paramount authority Of the State over In.
dividual lives which juatifes the whole poiitica!
and social order and life of Germany and espe-
cially the universal compulsory military service.
which Germany demands OF all citizens and has
taught other Continental nations to demand Of
their citizens as '7ell. But the worship of the
State goes yet step further in Germany. Tor
not only can the State, az thinkers like Trc:,-
schke and Delbruck contend. do no wrong IN
any burden which 1t lays on individual citizen.
but 1t can do no wrong In any measure which
it may think good to take for its own safety or
dignity:
be, is. in Treitschke's eyes, not only compatible
II the interest of the State then ever comes
into conflict with the law Of Jesus Christ. it
is Jesus Christ who must give way. and not
va, yon asrnhara5 himsst pIainiy
law of love. Love God above all things. and
no significance for the relations of one country
to another. since its application to politics
would lead to q conflict of duties. The love
which man showed to another country
such would imply a want of love for his
countrymen. Such system of politics must
inevitably lead men astray. Christian morality
is personal and social. and in its nature cannot
be political
Now. hold strongly as I hold any
v1ction in the world that the test of education
is always this: Does it. or does it not, produce
good citizens? The war has only shown in
high relief the educational Importance of cit.
zenship: but the importance has always been
the same, whether it has. or has not. been real
lied by parents and teachers. You will let me
then indicate certain differences which it is
necessary to draw from the thought of citizen
ship as determining education.
The first is. of course the value Of education
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24

chantment.
How do these "artistes' live during the war?
They for the most part, both men and
women, in a very distressed condition. But
they bear their poverty nobly, We have or.
ganized many societies to help them privately.
for they too proud to be the objects of pub
lie charity. Performances, which bring in very
little, given for their benefit They con.
tent themselves with the existence of the pro.
verbal grasshopper and never complain. Many
a former ornament of the Paris stage is to-day
cheerfully consuming dinner worth ten sous
And then, you may ask, what has become OF
the women who are not really "artistes," but
only what we playfuly call foolish virgins?
That is a question about which l have not
thought much. We women have thought above
all of preserving the French race, which is IL.
produce children, the Children who are thu
future OF the country. But we must not after
ALL neglect any of the good seed even if it has
fallen among tares The foolish virgins"
themselves have indeed given many examples
Of devotion to the fatherland.
How a Eighty Girl
Became Fine Nurse.
had touching proof of this one day when
visited public nursery of children. 1t was
s o'clock in the morning. and 1 was going to
the Necker Hospital, where was on duty. and
where we had many dangerously wounded men.
AS was crossing the Rue de Sevres l saw
poor woman with a sick baby in her arms and
two others hanging onto her skirt. She ap
peared to be uncertain about her way. asked
her what she was looking for. She answered
that she wished to go to the Hospice for Sick
Children, which happened to be just alongside
the hospital to which was going.
What was my establishment to find in her .
former chambermaid. who had been in my ser.
vice, a very pretty girl. who had left me to
lead an cratic life. In vain I had remon-
strated with her at the time. All my argu.
ments had been useless. She blushed when she
saw who ! was, but tried to relieve her EN-.
barrassment and asked her what she was doing
now. She told me she was connected with the
"Hospice," large children's nursery, estab-
lshed during the war. Feeling great interest
In the change in her ways of living, l accom-
panied her to the nursery. All the children
tered and she was received among them like
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-07-24

wholly different as 1t is from the English "cul.
ture." Is organized efficiency On the largest
From this definition conception Of Kultur
flow certain results, either immediate or ulti-
mate. The immediate result is the worship o;
the State. For It is the State, and tho State
alone. which is the organ OF national efficiency.
1t IS impossible that an individual should attain
the same strength or power in isolation as by
Incorporation in great community like the
State.