Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-09-21
-O&O-.
TYPHOID FEVER IS
 aPREVENTtBL;E.

:, Four hundred thousand persons in- capacitajjed, and thirty thousand lives lost -t'nis is the heavy toll exact. d in the, United States each year by the1 sscourge of typhoid fever. And ityphqtd... fewft' is aa preveniable dis easel &tHS.s H9S .hr.<.# I:i [ IA recent .sbulletin of the ',.tJAited ,states public .hts9tal service entitleu ftlbuhoid Eeverr-zIts sCausation and F Prevention |! <, states: tAhat' As ivithih sthe ssast ss ten years sfsiW of: our' coanm,lni- ties having as many as s2ooO persons have 1rea1aaiheds free, from >this idisease dor ,as''any1 period Aof ,1a' cohsecutfve' MpAelnsths.; LII recent ltines the; rate :of ifs| preYalense for. the Unlu9d states asia wholet1hasa,bhen+ from tive toi five tilns' as high as in < some of the countries of Europe. In these Euro pean countries the typhoid raate was formerly higher than ahe present figures for the United States. Their great redpctions in the ravages of the disease have been brought about by
 improvements in sanitary conditions. In many American cities there has occurred within the last twenty years considerable reduction of typhoid fever. Due ill large part to inn lproved sanitary conditions in the cities, the typhoid rate for sQmG en- ! tine, states has shown a material de- cfcase. For the country as a whole, acoordinE to available figures, the rate has been reduced about 50 Der cent in the past 40 years. But the present rate is about the same as that which prevailed in some of the other ad- vanced nations of the world 30 years ago. In other words the United States is generation behind the
 times, in respect to the reduction of its typhoid rate.
 Practical and efficient measures
 for the prevention of typhoid fever are definitely known, but the efforts 1 to get the people of the average self governing community to carry out these measures to a reasonable eX- tent are cttentimes decidedly eXpsri- mental in character. In many in stances the cost of modern sanitary improvements has been an obstacle in tho way of typhoid prevention. It is often difficult to convince the gov |'erning authorities that money eXpend-
 ed in the protection of the public heath yields large dividends.
 In rural communities and small municipalities another factor--the in struction and cooperation ol the in- |dividual property owner-enters into i;he problem. Hlre every home must have it's own method of sewage dis posal, and in most cases its own
 water supply. The public health ser- vice bulletin referred to deals in a Comprehensive way with the con ,ti Ol anu OulAiSuoSo In recent years specific method for inc, easing indl, idual resistance to typhoid germs has been employed. This is known as anu-lyphold inocu- iation CT vaccination" This moti cd |has been used eAlensi ely in Il nintat y organizations ot the Unhted States, and from the results obtained 1t ap- |pears that inoculated persons are, upon equal exposure to typhoid infeC, tion, less than ono~foulth as likely io Fdeyelop tho disease as thoSe Who have not been inoculated and who have previously mad tie disease The average duration Of protection gwen by inoculalicn has not been deteImin- ed, but is supposed to bI about two goars.
 1t is pointed out, however, that the |protaction given hy ant1typhoid lnocc' Ialion is rel; tive, not absolute, GId that sucIi incculaiion is moi to be G9s
 gatded as 9 substitute for sa,sita,j9a, AOjso---
 Several counties have put conslcts to cutting weeds along highways