davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
M7EAT KAawW ZzlZz1K4 MkZEY

had passed over it. Running aft, we
saw the bear bob up unframed, and.
after shaking himself like a dog, swim
serenely on his way
We arrived at Fairbanks on the az
ternoon of June H. Fairbanks, thriv-
ing town, is the market place and dis
tributing point for placer distri
that turns out from 100000 to $4,-
100000 annually. Then, too, 1t Is the
agricultural center of the Tanana val
ley region, where, despite the general
idea to the contrary. large crops are
grown of potatoes and other root prod
ucts, besides a great deal of barley
and oats.
The country along the Tanana river
has weird sort of monotony. On the
south side the country is one vast fiat,
mostly tundra, swamp. In this lati-
tude the ground seldom thaws beyond
few feet in depth; consequently
there is little or no subdrainage. This
is the swamp country through which
our portion of the preliminary line
ran.
A great deal has been written of the
Alaska mosquito, but nowhere have
seen accounts of the little insects ex-
aggerated. During the period from
May to August it was necessary that
one wear constantly a head net that
dropped from a stiff-brimmed hat to
a bottom taken in and securely tied
around the chest. To protect ones
hands one had to wear heavy canvas
gGuntlets, which were tied tightly
about the wrists. The little pests
would sting right through an ordinary
cotton shirt. so found 1t necessary
to wear an additional flannel shirt. At
lunch ION line" we would build
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
PLAN FOR SOIL IMPROVEMENT
Experiment. Fields Help to Determine
Best Order Of Application of the
Materials Needed.

By DIR 9. G. HOPKINS. Illinois Elk
pertinent Station.)
In an experiment, where no farm
manure was used, the average yearly
return from the land itself was 1915
per acre, while 81 was the return from
a ton of limestone and $2.65 from 500
pounds OF phosphate.
In order to reduce the labor in
volved, the limestone and phosphate
are actually applied in larger amounts
at less frequent intervals; but thus
far the rates of application have been
one ton of limestone and 500 pounds
of phosphate per acre for each year,
although, after the soil is sufficiently
enriched, one-half or one-third these
amounts will provide for maintenance
The principles of permanent i'm.
provement for most soil types are al
ready well established. They include
the use of ground limestone for cor
recting soil and for enrichment in cal
cium; the utilization of atmospheric
nitrogen by proper use of legume
crops, the application of phosphorus
to most soils and the liberation of pot
ash from the inexhaustible supply al
ready contained in all normal soils.
On some soils dolomitic limestone
should be used in order to provide
both magnesium and calcium; and on
certain abnormal soils, such as
swamp muck and residual sand, potas-
SUM must also be applied.
The location and character Of the
various soil types are established by
the surveys and analyses, and the soil
experiment fields help to determine
the best order of application of the
materials needed.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
LET'S A PECULIAR PEOPLE
Branch Of the Lithuanian Nation IT,.
Has Not Been Absorbed Into
Life of Russia.

Among the interesting, still persist.
emily individual peoples of Russia arc
noted the Let's, a branch of tba
Lithuanian nation, Slavonic division
whose past in the marshy swamps Of
Lithuania lies as deeply hidden as the
mystic ritual of the Druids. Lithuania
was once a great kingdom. The Lett
is taciturn, morose, little given to vel.
coming the stranger. He dwells apart
not as the communistic Russian in vii.
lagos whose houses closely press one
another. The Lett preserves his own
tongue, traditions and dreams, and re-.
mains in this twentieth century more
than half worshiper of nature and a
believer in omens and black craft
The old gods whom he cherished and
reverenced the longest, whom he
sought long after Europe all around
him had accepted the teachings of
Christ, will exert an influence upon
him, still survive for him in a thou.
sand superstitions, even though he is
as devout as any of the other present.
day Christians.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03

smudge, and, somewhat relieved at
least from the attack of the bugs"
would eat our sandwiches in a bath
of smoke.
Bathing Under Difficulty.
The matter of baths was difficult.
Often in the evening we would pad
die out to bar in the middle of the
stream, build smudge of drift, and
take hurried plunge in the icy Ia
mana waters. We would be nearly eat
en- alive by the persistent little bugs"
before we could get back into our
clothes and to camp. One mans meth
cd of taking bath was ingenious. He
would drag the camp washtub, filled
with hot water, into the office tent,
carefully kill off all the insects inside.
ana take his bath with the utmost
luxury.
We were fortunate in not having to
depend upon pack trains for our trans
portation. All our work being near
the river, we were able to do our NOV
ing with boats.
In the actual field work we made
great progress, unless in heavy spruce
timber, where our speed depended up
on the axmen. In the swamps-and
there was swamp wherever there was
no spruce-we were forced to wade
for miles in water to our waists or
higher. There were occasions, too,
when a series of streams and lakes
had to be crossed by swimming and
by RATS. In this swamp work we were
able to practice that beautiful athletic
and modern dance, the ''nigserhead
tango" Niggerheads are tufts of
coarse grass that grow in several feet
OF muck. When traversing a niger
head swamp one must step quickly
from niggerhead to niggerhead or else
Srop between. and as they are very
Unstable peoulis4 ~tep Is evolved
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
Travel Of the Solar system.

Science has demonstrated that our
solar system is travelling toward the
brilliant sun Vega, in the constellation
OF the Tyre. We know that from the
spreading, slight within the grasp OF
scientific observation, of stars ahead
Of US and the equally slight closing
in of stars behind us; but Vega is
also travelling with inconceivable
speed in some unknown direction, as
Arcturus is speeding across our line
of vision at rate of some 300 miles
a second The wise scientist, the
practical scientist, and there is none
other worthy the name. will be con-
tent with the demonstrable and hold
his imagination absolutely within
leash of demonstrable bounds. All
great astronomical discoveries have
been so made.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03

Figure 2.

water, thus increasing the supply
available to plant-roots.
1t makes possible the storage of
large quantities of moisture against
drought.
1t makes a better condition for
mulches, and prevents waste of moist
ure by surface evaporation.
1t prevents washing, and holds fer
tility in the soil and increases it's ca
pacity for water.
1t improves the texture of the soil
and sets free much plant-food that
would otherwise not be available.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
Digestion Affects Ewes.

Some light is thrown on the ques-
ton of the extent that eye troubles
have to do with digestion by the dis
coveries of an English oculist. He re-
Gently found that poisons which enter
the system as a result of colitis, in
hammation of the mucous membrane
of the large intestine, often causes a
loss of ability to see well at a dis
lance or close by.
Eye weaknesses are thought to have
little to do with digestion, but diges.
ton plays an important part in dis
eases of the eye, many of which have
been traced back directly to an abb
sorption of poisons from the intestinal
canal.
In one case reported from England
man who had suffered from recurring
Inflammation of the eye was cured by
the removal of his large intestine.
Such radical treatment is not regard
ed advisable or necessary, but it is
clear indication of the close relation
existing between intestinal and eye
disorders.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
INA IlnNZT
Hi THE NY
lUSZIURU
MAKING A PROFIT IN CREAM
Many Dairymen Are at Loss to Know
Which Is Most Profitable Way
to Dispose of Product.

CBy G. L. MARTIN. Montana Experiment
Station.)
The rapid development of the ice
cream business within the past few
years and the increased call from city
trade, hotels and restaurants has Gre
ated large demand for sweet cream.
For these trades it is desirable that
the cream should test about 20 per
cent, but often the test may vary up
to 40 per cent, depending greatly
upon the method of operating the
hand separator When selling cream
to creameries, the price is quoted per
pound of butterfat, but for ice cream
and hotel purposes it is customary to
pay by the gallon. AS consequence
many dairymen are at loss to know
which is the most profitable way to
dispose of their cream. The follow
ing general rules may serve to de-
termine the relative market price per
pounds of butterfat or gallon Of
cream:
To find the value of a gallon OF
cream when butterfat is a certain
PAASO pea pOuhd, multiply luC p0TC6uI-
age of fat by 1.-THE number of pounds
in gallon) and the product by the
price per pound. At 80 cents per pound
for fat, 90 per cent cream would be
worth 48 cents per gallon; 25 per cent
cream, so cents per gallon; 80 per cent
cream, 72 cents per gallon; 40 per cent
cream, SO cents per gallon. At 35 cents
per pound for fat, 20 per cent cream
would be worth So cents per gallon,
and so on
To find the price per pound for but
terfat when the price per gallon of
cream is known, divide the price per
gallon by eight times the per cent OF
fat. At 40 cents per gallon, 20 per
cent cream would be worth 25 cents
per pound of fat. At 81 per gallon, 40
per cent cream would be worth 31A
cents per POUND of fat.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03

toward the mouth of the main before
entering it, in order to make the wa
ter entering the main run as nearly
parallel to the main as possible.
In drainage system Gig. p where
the length Of a line of tile exceeds
500 or 1000 feet. the size of the tile
at the lower end should be increased.
In many instances each line Of tile
is made to empty into an open ditch.
This saves the expense and work of
laying the main tile. However, the
difficulty of keeping so many open
ings free from obstruction is usually
so great that 1t pays better to COM
bine the water from all drains into
single main, having but one opening.
In using this system the lines of
tile should, of course, run with the
slope of the land, rather than across
1t.
The grouping system of drainage
Gig. 81 is used where the land is ir-
regular in contour and has depres-
sions needing drainage with higher
land between not requiring drainage.
Much land is so situated that great
benefit would come to it, with very
small expenditure, with this system.
Some Of the important benefits of
drainage may be briefly summarized
as follows: 1t removes surplus water
and makes room for more capillary
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03

ersing great deep and green river,
and the echoes from the screw were
thrown back from both shores. The
shores were precipitous walls, spruce
clad and fitting down fromsnow-capped
submits. Little waterfalls trickled
down every slope.
We touched at Ketchikan and
Wrangel, slld at Juneau spent part
Of very pleasant afternoon. Skag-
way, the breathing place for many 81
and '9S pioneers who crossed the Chill
coot and White passes. and which lies
at the extreme end of Lynn canal, a
narrow channel with many small
glaciers on its shores, is almost de-
serted.
Leaving Skagway on the world-fa-
nous White Pass and Yukon railroad,
the train started the heavy climb al
most Immediately There were places
on the climb. where looking down an
enormous depth, we could see the tum-
bling Skagway river, like an uneasy
streak of molten silver. and then, look
ing up, met only the overhang of a
granite CHI, with the glare OF snow
covered peaks across the canyon. We
shortly tipped the summit and rushed
through White pass, Bennett, Caribou.
down into White Horse in the ghost
ly midnight of an Arctic day.
Down the Yukon.
1t was a. m. when we tumbled into
our hunks aboard the river steamer
Yukon, and we were we'll across Lake
La Barge before l awoke. Several
little incidents occurred to break the
tedium. We heard one morning an out
cry on the forward deck Leavir:f
our bridge game, we rushed out to dis
cover huge black bear swimming NO
far ahead. With the helm shifted |
little the steamer bore down directi'
upon the swimmer and in momsz
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
WheeI-soakIna Box.

firmly together with numerous wire
nails. All the cracks are then thor
oughly filled with thick whitehead
paint and the inside at least painted
with two or three coats of paint to
render the wood waterproof. The di-
mansions will depend somewhat upon
the size of the wheels to be soaked
Large-tired wagon wheels will need
a wider box than will buggy wheels.
In operating the wagon is lacked up
until the wheel will slip over the edge
of the box; then it is lowered until
the rim almost touches the bottom.
The oil or the water is then poured
in till it covers the tire, and the wheel
is slowly revolved so as to get every
part wet. In order to reach the hub
rags may be wound around it and kept
soaked with oil or water.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
DAIPY NOTEs

To have your cows milk long, milk
hem clean.
Uneven sailing and working make
streaky butter.
Good COWS are the first essential Of
profitable dairying.
1t pays to please and satisfy COW.
A happy cow is profitable cow.
Use the curry comb and brush on
the dairy COW every day. It pays.
To feed economically, cows should
be fed as individuals, not as a herd.
Cream that Is being ripened should
be strained several times before 1t is
ready for churning.
There is more money in feeding a
steer than In feeding poor dairy COW,
and much less work.
Protect the cream and milk from be
ing contaminated by stable air by
keeping the cans covered.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
FINE YIELD OF CLOVER SEED
Instead Of Decreasing Yield Protracted
Drought Seems to Increase It,
Says Indiana Farmer.
(By s. E. BRANDS. 1ndiana.)

(By s. E. BRANDS. Indiana.)
A few seasons ago we thought we
would not cut clover for seed, as the
drought had been unusually severe
during the greater part of the sum.
mer. We expected that the protracted
drought would lessen the turnout of
seed.
Several farmers in this vicinity said
that they did not intend to cat their
clover for seed. They thought it
would not pay for the labor and ex-
pense of threshing.
| had a very large field of seed clo-
yer, and, as / was needing the seed,
concluded that would cut it and see
what the results would be. The turn
out of seed was excellent. 1t ap-
peared as though the drought was Of
some benefit.
can see now that dry season af.
ter the seed has formed will increase
the yield of seed in place of lessening
1t.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
SEEK TO REDUCE TYpuo,0
Federal Authorities Take St..
Prevent the Spread of the to
Prevalent Disease 90

There were 10000 deaths
phoid in the United States las, u "
ana 4Oo.oOO people were incanact...tesrF
by the disease, according IN lated T,ea!
States health report. The nao. United
Is pointed out for precautionaru UeSSity
ures to prevent such inroads ~ ~eaS'
future. III The
The United States health seru,.
starting a campaign of educa+io. Is
reduce typhoid. 1t is pointed ont tho 70
few communities in this countrn s snat
ing a population of 1000 or more h naE'
remained free from this disease 20 rS's
year at time. ior
In many American cities there -.
occurred within the last twenty Ia, nas
considerable reduction OF tv1s s@ls
FEVER. Due in large part to irnnr r,aols
sanitary conditions in the CITIES N. AZ
typhoid rate for some entire sto tns
mas shown a material decrease To
the country as a whole. accordi,o ~
available figures, the rate bas ~
reduced about so per cent in tho H..
40 years. But the present rate -
about the same as that which mr.
vailed in some OF the other advoroos
nations of the world 80 years ago II
other words the United States is
generation behind the times. in -
spect to the reduction of its tvnbo;d
rate. Au
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
When Courage Comes.

knowledge is an antidote to fear
knowledge, Use and Reason, with Us
higher aids. The child is as mucn IA
danger from q staircase. or the nIo
CRATE, or a bathtub, or a cat, as tn0
soldier from a cannon or an AMBUSH.
Each surmounts the fear as fast a.
he precisely understands the perm
and learns the means of resistance
knowledge takes the fear out Oh tno
heart, knowledge and use, when -
knowledge in practice. They can con
quer who believe they can.-Emersoh'
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03

a SEASONS experiences with
"a a locating crew on the first
A government railroad in the in
HA terror of Alaska would fill a
book How we ran down a
monster black bear in mid-stream with
a river steamer; the everyday trials
in our work; the wading and actual
swimming of swamps, and the con-
slant attendance of the little singer"
the Alaska mosquito; methods of bath
ing; floods on the Tanana river-these
are only few of the occurrences that
befell one of eleven engineering par
ties on this herculean government pro-
ject, writes George Mayo. assistant
United States engineer.
The first 400 miles OF railroad, the
part only of the great system that
now is to be reality, has its initial
point at Seward, thriving town on
the southern coast of Kenai peninsula;
follows the now imperative Alaska
Northern railroad around Turnigan
and Knik arms, and then follows the
Susitna and Chultina rivers to Broad
pass, from where the projected rail-
road runs down the Nenana river to
its junction with the Tanana, and up
this river to Fairbanks.
In order to reach the Fairbanks end
of the line, where our work lay, we
took coast steamer from Seattle to
Skagway on June 3; over the White
pass and Yukon railroad to White
Horse. and from there by river steam
er down the Yukon river and up the
Tanana river to Fairbanks.
AS the days went by the more won
derful grew the scenery. At times we
would pass through a channel so mar
row that it seemed as If we were srav-
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
Use Whitewash Freely.

The free use of whitewash or kero-
sene also does wonders in getting rid
of mites when used thoroughly over
every bit of the interior of the hens
home. A clean house, free from these
torrents, is real blessing to the
hens. Puts money in your pocket be-
sides. The hen mite or red spider
feeds upon the poor hens at night
while they are on the roost and saps
their life to such an extent the egg
yield is largely reduced. And some
times the hens are killed by mite at
lacks.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
Poison in Shark Meat.

A kind of intoxication produced III
both dogs and men by the flesh OF the
Greenland shark has been investiga'-
ed by A. S. Jensen of the University
Of Copenhagen. The fresh meat seems
to contain an unidentified compound
acting like alcohol, the poisoning iasI
ing two hours to two days, and the
symptoms including tiredness, our
ness. uncertain gait, cramps and al
arrhea. BY increasing quantities o.
the poison, which is soluble ana to
moved by boiling, dogs are made III
mune.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
WAGON WHEEL-SoAKING BOX
VIII Be Found Quite Useful In Dry,
Hot Weather When Tires Become
Loose-Oak Is Preferred.

When wheel tires become loose, as
they often do in hot, dry weather, the
water-tight box shown herewith will
be found useful for soaking them
either in water or oil. The box con-
sists of pieces of wood, preferably oak,
cut in the forms indicated and nailed
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
Improbable Cow.

There is no longer an excuse for the
improbable COW, the Babcock test and
pair of scales, and it is easy to ascer.
tain whether or not she is delivering
the goods"
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
A Convenient MIX Stool.

are best The top hoop must be re
moved to do this. Remove the side
handles or bail and cut in the center
of the bottom two semicircular open
ings to fit the hands as desired, these
for handle. This stool is stout. light
and the right height for an ordinary
person.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
TILE DRAINAGE PLANS
Three Systems Easily Laid Out
by the Farmer.
Best Plan to Combine Water From All
Drains Into Single Main, Havinc
But One opening-some of
Benefits Derived.
By PROF. c. P. NoRGoRD,

SBy PROF. G. p. NORGORD.)
The arrangement Of drainage sys-
tenn has a great deal to do with the
cost of construction as well as its eff
ficiency. There are three systems
which can easily be laid out by farm
ers, and the drawings accompanying
this article show how they are to be
laid out
One system Gig u is that in which
laterals enter a main tile from the
sides at an angle. If the angle ap.
proaches closely to right angle each
lateral should be given a slight turn
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
CLEANING Dairy Pals

In cleaning the dairy pals, special
attention must be given the ears and
seams, else dirt and milk will be
lodged there, souring and tainting the
milk as soon as drawn.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
CONVENIENT AS MILK STOOL
Lard Tub or Large Candy Pail Can
Easily Be Converted Into Handy
Device for Dairy Barn.
CIV q. A. RANDALLl

(By G. A. RANDALL.)
The cut shows handy milk stool
and one very easily made. From lard
tub or large candy pail, with key
hole saw cut out the wood at the top,
as shown. One may thus make three
or more legs, as desired. | find four
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
Most Profitable Cow

The dairy farmer realizes that the
comfortable COW is the most profitable
COW and that induces him to look after
the comfort of all his stock. Naturally
he gets better returns from them.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
Produce Everything.

The farm should be made to pro
duce everything the family will need
for the table in both summer and win
ter.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03

Very often tough clay soils may be
made friable by drainage, and to re-
spond with increased crops.
Produces early soils and large root
systems, because a water-soaked soil
is very slow to become warm in the
spring, while well drained soil warns
quickly. This insures vigorous root
system, consequently better crops.
Develop the root system by lower
ing the water table, because roots can.
not grow below the water table.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03
Gull Sheep Flock Carefully.

Gull the flock carefully Make IT
uniform. A few poor sheep in flock
spoil it.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1915-09-03

Ventilation Needed.
Greenhouses require fres ventila-
ton
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-02-25

We'll. we're out hundred and
fifty. that's all"
"Oh, Warren, don't say that. Look
in your pocket. oh. it may have fall
en- on the floor when i took ii OUT
But it was not in his pocket and
Helens frantic search around the
floor was fruitless.
\ FTuiiicsS search.
Warren maintained the gri m silence
which TO her was more terrifying than
any violent raging. She was still
cropping around the floor in a tremu-
lous futile search.
"Oh, il couldn't have fallen in the
subway / know it couldn't" she
kept repeating in a dazed way.
She was trembling with the sick
dizziness that always came with any
great and sudden distress. Her very
knees were weak and shaky.
One hundred and fifty dollars and
nothing to show for it, If only she
could scrimp AMI starve to save the
money! Ii was the thought of War
ren's having to pay for it that so