Norwich bulletin., 1915-11-17
THE WAR PRIMER
BY National Geographic Society

kraguyevatz, before which the Ser
VANS have offered such desperate re-
sistance, in the arsenal city of the lit
tie kingdom, one of the greatest ar
scnals in the Balkans" says a state
ment given out toady by the National
Geographic Society. "A large powder
works is located here, which was in
creased and improved during the war
of the Balkan League with the Otto
man Empire in 1912. There are also
maintained here an important arms
factory. and the central Servian sup
ply depots for war munitions. In con-
nection with the arms factory, an iron
boundary is operated.
I'm a sense, therefore, Kraguyevatz
represented the backbone of Servia's
military aspirations, for here are the
Servian Krupp works, du Pont mills
and Remington factories amalgamated
to form the arsenal city. Highly
trained young officers of the Servian
army have devoted much painstaking
and laborious effort toward bringing
the technical efficiency of these fac
tories up to that of the model NUM-
tons establishments of the greater
Western nations. While not in Kra-
guyevatz proper, the powder mills are
situated within a short walk OF the
town in the little hamlet of Chilli
cheve. Even in peace times, a strong
garrison was maintained in the ar
senal city, and investigations OF the
curious were discouraged.
'Kraguyevatz lies among lower
hills. about SO miles southwest of Bel
grade. on the Lepenitsa River. This
stream flows northeast to a junction
with the Morava, through a we'll
weeded valley. One of the finest By
zantine cathedrals in the country is
with the city, and here, also, is the
finest Servian college building. 1t is
| <.rr fAl oh. -. ~. Han
the Belgrade-Nish section of the
Paris Constantinople railroad, and its
population has grown rapidly during
recent years to a total of more than
$4,000. In the early days of Servian
emergence from Turkish obscurity, 1t
served as the capital of Prince Milosh,
and, later, as a meeting place for the
National Assembly.
Back of kaVala, where the Allies
are reported to be landing troops for
their operations in the Balkans, lies
the historic battlefield, Philippi, upon
which Brutus and Cassius lost all
hope Of inheriting the power of the
great dictator whom they had slain,
begins a statement given out today by
the National Geographic Society,
which describes the point of most re-
cent strategic interest in the Near
East. "Kavala is a Greek port much
nearer to the Bulgarian borders than
that Of Saloniki, and one of the most
convenient stations available to the
Allies for the basing of q Campaign
against southern Bulgaria. with the
objective of the Oriental Railway
through Turkey-in-E Europe.
Situated on the Bay Of Kavaia., %
miles from the Bulgarian boundary to
the east, an Allied garrison at this
port wscld be within easy striking
distance OF the enemy, country, while,
with mountains guarding the town all
around and down almost to the wa
ter's edge, it could be turned into an
almost impregnable depot for muni-
lions and supplies. The Bulgarian
border 40 miles to the north Is pro-
tected by the wild Rhodope Noun
tains, from which outrunning ranges
and hills guard the eastern marches.
The railway between Saloniki and the
Bulgarian port, Dedeagatch, passes 1s
miles to the north of Kavala, and
only miserable ways lie in between.
The whole borderland territory is lean,