davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1915-11-19

the Yale Princeton game at New
raven. and was recently a guest at a
touse party In New York. will leave
town again on "Wednesday to visit Mr..
and Mrs; Arthur p. Thorn at their
home In Norfolk.
Mrs. Gleaves. wife Of Capt. Albert
Gleaves. L. S. N. and her daughter,
Miss Evalina Gleaves. who is to make
her debut here this winter. have ar
rived in Washington to remain until
after the marriage OF Mrs. Gleaves'
niece. Miss Elizabeth Garland. daugh-
ter of Mr.. and Mrs. John Spottswood
November "a. Admiral Gleaves will also
come to town for the wedding. and
among the other out-of-town guests will
be Mrs. Garlands brother and sister lin
law. Pay Director and Mrs. Lawrence
the Philadelphia navy yard. Miss Mary
Truxton Garland will be her sisters only
attendant. Craig Hunter. OF Richmond.
Will be best man. and Raymond Bell
and Carlisle Whiting. both Of Washing
Winslow. OF Bethlehem. Pa. and Lieut.
Frank Craven. L. s. n.
After the wedding Mrs. Gleavcs and
Miss Gleaves. accompanied by Miss
Mary Truxton Garland. will 20 to New
York for the Army and Navy game.
and upon their return Mrs. Gieaves
VIII select an apartment for the
Captain Gleaves. whose rear admiral's 8
flag will be hoisted on November %. is
at sea In command of the torpedo 40
tilla
Assistant Secretary Of state and Mrs
John f. Osborne entertained informally
at dinner last evening.
NJ. &s..,.
formally at luncheon yesterday at the
Grafton.
Mrs. Delos Blodgett will give an in
formal dinner-dance on Thanksgiving
evening for her son. Dclos Blodgett,
Princeton. who will be her house
guests.
Mrs. Blodgett will have a number Of
house guests for the debut OF her
daughter. Miss Helen Blodgett. on the
afternoon OF December ?. Among
them Swill be Miss Dorothy Anderton.
daughter Of DR.. and Mrs. William Ban
croft Anderton. OF New York: Mr.. and
Mrs. John w. Blodgett and Miss Kath-
crime Blodgett. OF Grand Rapids. and
Miss Grace Cummock. OF Lowell. Mass.
Mrs. Charles J. Bell, Mrs; Walter
Tuckerman, Mrs. John w. Thompson.
Miss Ellen A. Vinton. and Miss Sophie
Siebert are the committee In charge OF
the arrangements for the lecture at the
studio. 1910 Eighteenth street. Novem-
Der %. at o'clock. for the benefit OF
the Neighborhood House. The Rev.
James McNaughton. a British subject.
who has just come from Turkey,
where he has resided for twenty-five
years. will talk on Turkey and the
Great War"
-
Mrs. Eldridgc E. Jordan IN making a
short stay In New York. where she Is
stopping at the Vanderbilt Hotel.
Brig. Gen: and Mrs. William Crozier
entertained "A large company at dinner
last night.
Gen. and Mrs. Charles Lane Fitz-
hugh have returned to Washington and
opened their house in Sheridan circle.
-
Mr. and Mrs. Gist Blair arc planning
to spend the Season at their place at
Silver Spring.
Miss Margaret Wilson, who Is kecnly
interested in the success Of the Christ
mas sale being held this week by the
Southern Educational Association. at
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

been forced to fec when the head Of the
house was seized. Many Of the Depu-
ties who had been imprisoned by
Huerta selected Miss Arias to plead
their cause in court.
II had the luck to rave some OF
the principal Deputies pick me-" was
the way she put it. But h was too
busy a person to be allowed at large.
Soon ! also was put in Jail. But
always I am lucky. ! was in jail only
nine days when the United States
troops entered Vera Cruz and Huerta
granted an amnesty to all political
prisoners"
But these nine days were the hard
est she ever went through. she con-
fessed. Her mother did not know
where she was. And during the time
she was imprisoned a dear sister died.
Her cell was very small n very
dirty. She had to sleep on the stone
floor. The meals were poo and scanty
and one day they forgot her food alto
gether.
Yet she had almost a worse time
out Of Jail than in. She had absolutely
no money and for some time no means
Of earning any. Though Huerta had
pardoned her along with the Others
he evidently considered her a dan
gerous person and tried to force her
into submission.
She was not allowed TO teach in
the public schools. Wherever h OBJ
tanned employment a more or less po-
lite intimation from the Government
soon brought about her dismissal. Of
ten for lack OF carfare she had TO walk
miles, going from one place to another
seeking employment. Her shoes gave
out and her feet were blistered and
yet she had to keep going. At last
she obtained a place as teacher In q
private American school.
The salary here was not very large
she had some back debts to pay of
and so in order to v carfare she
used to walk to school each morning
a distance Of perhaps six or sever
miles. 1t was a very beautiful roat
she followed. but very lonely. i
ran along quite level for several miles
but Just before II reached the villag,
there was an extremely steep hill. one
side Of which went down almost per
pendicularly to a fierce little stream
below.
One morning on her way TO schoo
she noted an automobile behind her
She stepped aside TO let II pass. Blu
when she stopped the auto stopped
SO she went on. So did the machine
She walked faster and the machin'
speeded UP so as TO continue Just tn
same distance behind her. An idei
Of its real purpose came to her. Whel
she arrived at the long hill II woul'
speed up, and IL the driver lost con
troll and she was owe who coul'
say It was not an accident2
She decided she would at least max
an attempt to outw!t her pursuers
She began running as fast as sh
could. The machine followed. As sh
twisted and turned and doubled on he
tracks the auto came after her. bu
lost time on the curves. She went o
and on, II seemed for an eternity. Sh
was exhausted, almost ready to Civ
up, when she spied a tiny hut a bi
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

. 5Oo no accented Tn nonu,atiop from
6 10 90 wears of age the cities have
416 per cent. of the total. the rural
hSa
49, 49,. aahno,s =, a.
I-n,,aa -. $50,
ontirely IN church schoo,s The parish
scboo, system of the Roman Catholic
Church in 1914 comprised 4 schools
and 2 $50 nupils-an increase OF 147
schools and 60. O9s pupils over 1918.
The Lutheran parochial school sys-
tenn for 1914 reported ASH schools
with o5e4s7 pnpils-a decrease in
schools and pupils.
O,ber re,igious bod,e. in the United
c,a,.s ,ra In tho main sunnortinr ole.
mentary private schools only where
public school facilities are not already
available for all children of school
age.
uyr,or ,ra socordarv .drca, ,or,,
;rs,itrtiors stilI romain the stronghold
90 dan-omipationa education az 667
colleges and universities tabu,ated for
,o,, +, H. ,rrual renort aoT arc
,istad ,rdor de-nominational contro,
ana of 100 nrivate high schools and
anadomies renortipy 1Asa are under
con,ro, of religious denominations
These secondary institutions are
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

, those who sought TO enlarge their IA
cilities for vocational training has been
that of finding teachers. 1t has been
difficult to secure teachers who were
proficient in the trade to be taught
and at the same time with professional
training or experience in teaching.
Apparently the most satisfactory plan
has been to take men who are expert
in the trade and give them training
as teachers. A number of experiments
made during the year in training
trade workers for teachers of voca-
tions by means OF evening classes
have proved successful.
Chicago has, in connection with its
regular school system, a we'll organ-
zee system of vocational education
through public secondary and evening
schools. The majority o fthe teach
ers are practical men from the trades.
the others being school men with col
lege training IN technical subjects. but
no trade experience.
In the girls courses women with
experience as milliners. ~dressmakers,
managers of dining rooms and shop
workers are in many cases in charge
OF classes in the high schools through
out the city. Tho night schools are
taught largely by men from the trades.
Special efforts have recently been
put forth by means of home projects
and otherwise To give a definite voca-
tional bent to agriculture IA taught in
high schools. In both college and high
school work there has been Increased
emphasis on the practical side of
farming Ia opposed to book agricul-
ture."
In cities where Investigations
preparatory to the introduction of
vocational training have been made
attention has been quite generally paid
to the problem OF vocational guidance.
Philadelphia's new official is director
OF both vocational education and guild
ance.
Significant as the Of the
movement Of vocational guidance is
the taking owe by the public schools
in whole or in part Of the function Of
vocational counselling, The vocational
guidance movement in Boston, for eX-
ample. has o extended TO nearly
all ~ the public schools. In Chicago
the system OF vocational advisers has
become clearly identified with the ad-
ministration OF vocational training in
the public schools.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

Pictures Carranza as Patron of Learning and Asserts He
Is Doing All in His Power to Foster 1t-.Her Own
Experience as an Adherent of Madero

further down the road. One last effort
and she fell against it's door senseless.
The auto made another turn and went
back uD the hill.
Always l am lucky said Miss
Arias.
Thereafter she rode to school. IT
had not much money, hut ! preferred
to pay than to go to my death" she
said.
But Huer,a's agents did not forget
her. They kept close tab on all her
movements, and this she knew very
well. Ever since her release from
prison she had been active In revolu-
tionary plots. once when the conspir-
ators mel at her home the house was
raided. But the officers found no in
eliminating evidence either on the
premises or on the men and women
present.
This adventure took place in June
Just a little over a year ago, and II
proved h last Of Miss Arias's troubles.
In July Carranza took Mexico city
and he made her head of the normal
school. She held this position only
four months. when Carranza was
forced to change his capital to Vera
Cruz. She followed him there. volun-
teering as a Red Cross nurse.
But Carranza had other plans for
her. He believed she had greater use
educationally than in the nursing field.
So IN October he sent her to the United
States.
She is Just as enthusiastic over her
work here as over any Of her exciting
e%scapades in Mexico. In fact enthu-
siasm IL one of her dominant raits
The minute she hears something new
she becomes al alive with interest. I
asked her, for instance. II Mexico had
public Fairgrounds. She did not know
what l meant, so l explained. Her
eyes flashed.
"Oh. that is quite right; that Is very
fine" abe exclaimed. And she immedi-
ately started in 10 quiz me about the
why. how. wherefore OF Fairgrounds.
She also intended to investigate tho
Montessori schools while here. and
dropped a hint about half a dozen or
more other serious purposes.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

totalled only 1881, 1853, the receipts
OF schools and theology amounted to
34,246,5 sol. The schools OF medicine
report the greatest receipts, $11,-
444,9a2.
There are nov only seventeen medi-
cal schools that admit students or high
school education or less. This is a
notable change since 1904, when over
half the worlds supply OF medical
colleges was in the United States.
There were then 1852 colleges, with
2S,142 students; there are now 100
colleges, with 16.940 students.
The Bureau of Education estimates
that between 40, 900 and $4,000 teach
ers began work in the fall Of 1914 with
at least a measure of professional
preparation: but 1t is clear that the
supply of professionally prepared
teachers is not sufficient for the num-
Der Of teaching positions that must be
filled. The need Is most keehly felt in
the rural schools, where, according to
a careful investigation during the year.
not two-thirds of the teachers have
any professional preparation.
Teacher training" says the annual
report, has become almost a public
function: as n private function 1t Is
carried on mainly in schools for kim
dergartens. Schools for gymnasium in
structors or In institutions for the
training Of denominational teachers"
Public appropriation for normal
schools totalled $l2. sea, 1858 for the year,
as compared with $l0,432, 252 last year
and $2,2l2.952 a quarter OF a century
ago. The pressing need for teachers
In the rural schools who will lead in
the upbuilding Of rural life and the
failure of existing normal schools, for
the most part, to meet this and other
needs. have led to serious questioning
OF the existing provision for teacher
training.
Vocational training as a national
problem attracted attention through
the report Of the commission of Fed
eral aid for vocational education, rem
dered in June. 1914. While the COM
prehensive bill drawn up by the com
mission was not acted upon by Con-
gress, favorable action Is expected
eventually by the friends Of the plan.
Congress had already voted the Fed
eral aid asked for in the Smith-Lever
bill for agricultural extension educa-
ton.
The most serious problem met BY
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

schools. Tho expenditure Of the sixty
eight State schools for the deaf in
1914 was s3,777,l62.
State schools for feeble minded chill
dren numbered thirty-elght for 1914.
These are confined TO twenty-eight
States, New York, New Jersey, Massa-
chusetts and Pennsylvania each hav-
ing three or more schools, State
schools for feeble minded children re-
ported 27,692 inmates, OF whom IA, $50
We're actually under instruction. Ex-
penditures for schools for feeble
minded children amounted TO nearly
Sc, 900 900,
Public day schools for subnormal
children We're reported from fifty-four
cities. Thirty-siX cities in twenty
four States made provision for eXcep-
tional children for the first time in
1913, and 1862 cities in thirty-eight
States extended the provision already
made.
There are 1l2 institutions listed by
the Bureau Of Education as State Sin
dustrial" schools. There are schools
for delinquents of both sexes, ranging
from reform schools OF the prison type
to modern well equipped industrial
schools for teaching useful trades.
There are 6I,79s inmates in these in
stitutions, of whom four-ffths are
boys. OF the 2l.655 boys and girls
committed to such institutions during
the year 1855 could neither read nor
write. OF the 22 ,O6s discharged dur
ing the year 1902 could neither read
nor write.
Analysis OF the parentage figures
shows that American p~arentage pre-
walls; Se~venty-nine institutions re-
port 2o,8l7 inmates Of American par.
entage on both sides; sixty schools
report 2,64o with one American parent
and sixty-six schools report CASA in.
mates with both foreign parents.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

Some indication Of the spread Of the
vocational guidance idea may he a
from a preliminary investigation re-
Gently made by the Bureau Of Educa-
ton. OF over 7.07S public high schools
replying to inquiries sem out 1855 re-
port that the principal or teachers
give talks on different occupations
and 2.29o high schools have outside
different vacations.
Little II any real systematic at
tempt at guidance is reported. Even
the teachers in the National Nnca-
tional Guidance Association. fnrmed
during h year, appear anxious lest
the movement should become definitely
fixed at it's present point of develop
ment
Medical inspection Is reported by
104 cities OF over 5000 population out
OF 1868 replying TO the bureaus in
Quiries. az these 70i cities 402 have
school nurses numbering in all oil.
Investigations made during the year
have driven home the fact that rural
school children are more in need OF
health supervision than city children,
The report of the joint committee OF
the council Of education and the
American Medical Association. pre-
scented during the year, showed that of
$3.50, 900 school children examined in
! New York city 70 per cent. were de-
fectIve; an examination Of 2s4,O0
rural children In Pennsylvania re-
vealed that 10 per cent. were defective.
The sixty-two public schools for the
blind report 665 teachers. 497l pupils
and an aggregate expenditure of ST.
5S3,l73 for the year 1914 II costs $3.50
a year on An average TO instruct each
blind child. This is an increase Of s32
for each child over the preceding year,
OF the l51 schools for the deaf listed
by the bureau sixty-eight are STATE
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

mind and does IT," said soft voiced
Miss Arias.
The society held q meeting of protest
outside. Then the members dispersed.
But Miss Arias remained. and when
chance offered she slipped into the
church, deposited her placard with the
flowers and departed unmolested
The next month the soldiers were on
hand at the church In greater num-
bers. All morning they waited for the
Lealtad to appear. Nobody ever does
anything between o and shutdown
In easygoing Mexico, so after waiting
throughout the morning the soldiers
decided that their military genius had
won out and they departed in peace
to their siestas. And that Is exactly
what the had expected they
would do. The women waited until
after the moo hour to assemble and
then marched to the church without
any hindrance whatever.
But though the soldiers were absent
the police took note of the proceedings
and the leading spirits. The next
morning bright and early Miss ArAs
found herself in Jail. But she only
remained there one day.
Il told the chief of police II was no
crime to care for tombs. to put flow
ers on ave Also a great many
people know me. An Englishman, he
also was very kind. And so they let
me CO." she says.
Now she worked for the cause
more earnestly than ever. She inter-
coded in many cases with the en-
bassies for political prisoners. She
formed groups TO take care Of pris-
oners after they had been released,
for in many cases their families had
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

junior high school has advanced from
the stage Of theory TO that OF prac-
tice Is indicated by 1853 cities claim
ing to have junior high schools. After
all deductions are made there remain
81 cities where Junior high schools are
organized in unmistakable form.
Students in colleges, universities and
chronological schools in 1914 increased
1922 over 1918. OF the Bureau OF
Educators list OF 567 institutions "a
OF 20 over the previous year
80 OF them only are controlled by
states or municipalities.
Benefactions to colleges and univer-
stiles total s26,670 ,O17-something over
s., 200, 900 more than in the year pre-
vious. Six institutions received bene-
factions in excess of a million dollars
each, and forty-ive universities, COL
leges and chronological schools re-
ported gifts amounting to more than
100000. In the past seven years the
largest increase in income has come
through State and municipal appro-
priations, and the smallest from tut
ton and other fees. State and mu-
nicipal appropriations grew from So
649 SAC in 1908 to $23, 400, $40 In 1914,
while fees for tuition and other edu-
cational services increased from $751;
390,s47 to s22, 5o4, 529.
Degrees conferred by colleges and
universities included 26,533 bac-
calaureate, SPAS graduate and 749
honorary. The doctor Of philosophy
degree was conferred, as a result OF
examination by forty-six institutions,
on but 446 men and seventy-three
women
As a result Of the vigorous cam
paign for higher standards waged dur
ing the past few years the number of
professional schools" has decreased
materially. There was a falling OF
Of three schools Of theology, two law
schools, eight schools of medicine and
three schools of pharmacy. On the
other hand there was an increase in
students In professional schools from
1882 to 1856. Practically all of this
increase is reported from the schools
Of dentistry, showing the increasing
interest in dental hygiene as part Of
the public programme for good health,
In 1914 there were 449s graduates
in law, 4,O4s In medicine. 2,2s0 in
pharmacy, 2,27O in dentistry and only
1856 in theology, Yet while the re-
ceipts by professional schools Of law
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11
About 100000 En-
rolled in the Great
Army of Learners
Which Is Led by a
Staff Of 100000
Teachers
BY j. q. KNOTT
the T.. q, Bureau of Education.

o. the Z. 3. Bureau Of Education.
THERE were about $4,000, 900
persons enrolled in the educa-
tional institutions of the
United States in 1914. accord
ing to the annual report of the United
states Commissioner of Education,
which has just been completed. Over
5000 900 of these were in the ele-
mentary schools. 1875 900 in second
sry schools, public and private, and
$4,000 in colleges and universities.
close TO another 100. 900 were in nor
ma schools preparing to be teachers.
IN professional schools there were
$1,000.
The teachers OF this army num-
oered 700 900, of whom 566, 600 were
" Inc public schools. In point of
efoWth the high school still presents
we most impressive figures-the
roIment for 1914 was $4,000 over the
previous year.
As nearly as can be estimated, the
.ost Of education for the year was
"ooVop 400. This is less by $500, O0O,-
WV Than the cost Of running the
nenerdl Government; II is less than
,,"e''hird Of the nations expenditures
.' alcoholic liquors; it is "A little over
Wee times the estimated cost of adj
mission to moving picture theatres
Nv same year; 1t is somewhat more
wa" lhe value of the nations cotton
up 'f the year, and somewhat less
ian The value Of its wheat crop.
,~res show that 60 per cent. of all
Nv MONEY spent in the United States
" 1914 for education was spent for
J Nemehtary schooling,
p'hefdl and school population both
.nna'h rr"domlnantly rural. BY the
."eus estimates for 1913 1873 per
70. OF the population was urban and
~, per cent, rural, if the census def
""on OF d City as anything over
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-11

Sr1oAl. "
indns,r,.i na.e",. !, "ey VIZ
c,o, 49,. """e.
oa,,,.,n. senoois 40, seneraI
.ratnaa ~. -" w" a w
40 -, .nese I.ineran. INSTRUCTORS
M,ss Ar,as wa " tur'n
- 40 o"e
ava so,aa.os nm us, ou. ar
90 r. '.au W ,oIn' onc
- 80. "",cn ne mas seh'
S.,,rsm. u o"'.eu o,a'es.
-, S.u very e"'"u''as''o
IL sa. anss
49, .ss.u you say
nraarsa -, -, yes' .S''n. III .ne
IL =. a. ~ ..n "a
,,ar "a e. mn" !" Nv
| >,iss ar,.a 1870 u ssIu' Hnu
U~..' '''e P"""
D.. ~"
u,a y, ,h" nea'u VI ehe auventurous
aa,.u s'uns "onla"' u , war
60, - ~ ''ous"
sha $50 @
- - N' ''''
So. .
Wa -. Na.In a
| oho,,, -, , all, ~
,,v,, ... 80 VT. ...
S,n,omhor 60 -, -, .a..H-"
ona ~ ,,,., ,htsh ...."-s., ~
C-nrranza is," ana en-. r,as ~ arai.
"vor,, r,co h,,, 80, ,.n 49,. 80.
your.ai,"
"yyh, 7 - Att. 4.
Na-ss,chnsa,,s % a,,o,a .u--..
schoo, n learn he,,er ,ha Eno,i.h "a
in no fail 7 coma hacL 20 Nor, vorr
Ma n ,h.r I 90 hacr % N.x,oa
mavhe 7 stav bsre q iit,io lorror"
Now tina, ,sp,, AZ ~, ubo, 7 man,
to know. When did Won leave school,
After that what did Won do. and after
that?" And 50. hi, nv bi,. 7 finally
heard her story. told with MANY
bushes and always without enthu.i.
assn for the other fellow
When Madero was made President
Miss Arlas vas teaching in the normal
schools Of Mexico. She had long been
aware Of the evils Of the D,az regime
and she welcomed the coming NJ the
dreamer Madero.
II love very much Mr.. Madero." ale
said.
ono ~ tho n,aps Nadero annrovea
was the establishment NJ SUNDAY
schools. Not SUNDAY schools IKE
those familiar in This country hut
schools for teaching the three Rs so
that the moor people who worked six
DAYS a week could have n chance for
education on n There are M
time limit Iabor laws IN Mexico. no age
limi, labor laws. 80 that the attend.
ance AT these Sunday schools inclpded
grownups and children. and thew AZ.
forded in MANY cases the only onpor-
tunity for education these peon,e had
ever had.
Aro,ber min, MO. ~. ,r.,.u,,.
schools M ,oacbor. ,.oiu,,.sr,n. 90
do this work amors tha d;.ta,,
rancbe. ard h.ciordos drr,,. 60
,ion lima Nadero anrronr,a,.d al,