davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-07-25

of the old Hall plantation, where a
dairy farm and an animal husbandry
farm are in operation. Yet within a
short time the dairy farm will be the
scene Of some experiments which may
mean much to the milk dealers OF the
country.
What causes one cow to give more
milk than another is the question
which the government psychologists
have set themselves to answer. So far
very little is known by the experts as
to what conditions govern the guam
tity and what conditions determine the
quality OF milk produced by individual
milch cattle. Two cows Of Identical
breeding have been found to produce
vastly different quantities of milk
The work at present in progress on
the animal husbandry farm includes
studies in the feeding Of horse and
mule colts and hogs and the feeding
and breeding of sheep and goats.
Plans are being made at present to put
into effect project for the study Of the
effect of forage crops on the quality of
pork from hogs fed on such crops. An
abattoir is now under construction where
the work of slaughter may be carried
Evening star., 1915-07-25

ever including the trap-nests, are of
such a nature that they can be dupli-
Gated by any poultry fancier In fact.
many of the henhouses on the Beltsv1lle
farm are reminiscent of ordinary barn
yard and farm structures rather than
the .outbuildings of a government eX-
pertinent station. There is reason for
this Mr. Lamon asks: "Of what prac-
tical good would the results of a series
of experiments, conducted under condl-
tions he could never duplicate, be to the
small breeder or farmer? We want our
conclusions to be applicable to the
plant of the everyday poultryman. We
want the feed which we recommend. for
instance. to be one easily obtained.
Therefore our chief experiments In
feeding are being made with such gem
middlings. We are producing chickens.
too, in the ordinary manners-both by
ordinary incubation and the old-time
natural way Of setting hens"
OF course, here and there the experts
Of the farm have made simple, mex
pensive departures from the ordinary
equipment. For example. their colony
hen houses, while built in every way
like an ordinary structure of the sort
would be constructed, are mounted on
rude scantling runners, SO that they
may be hauled from place to place
whenever it becomes advisable to
change the range of the colony OF
fowls inhabiting 1t.
One thing which is particularly no
ticeable at the farm is that the govern
ment breeders. equipped with only
ordinary machinery, have obtained
wonderful results in standardizing the
different types of chicken. Whereas
upon the ordinary poultry farm one IS
likely to find perhaps half a dozen or
a dozen chickens bred true to FORM
at Beltsville the visitor sees scores
upon scores of fowls conforming to the
last degree to the requirements OF the
standards and alike as peas in pod,
which any expert is likely to tell you
is a very unusual achievement.
Collateral with the feeding. housing
and breeding problems of ordinary
poultry production, the Beltsville farm
at present is the scene of a good many
Investigations which. when completed,
are unquestionably destined to be of
intense interest to the poultry dealer.
One of them deals with an attempt
to control the color of the yolks of
eggs. OF doubtful Importance? Well,
Evening star., 1915-07-25

progress series of feeding expert
ments destined in the near future to
disclose the ingredients of a ration
based on staples easily obtained in any
part of the country, which will pro-
duce the highest number of eggs pos
sfble. Although the experiments are
far from complete. Mr.. Lamon says:
Even at this time we are in position
to say-if we cared to make a prema-
ture announcement-tha II breeder
will feed certain ration to given
number of hens of certain breed. he
can confidently count upon a given
number of eggs per day during the
laying season.
Another interesting class Of work
which the farm has undertaken on be-
half of the Geological Park, although
1t will be of little value to any save
a very restricted class Of bird breed
ers, is the incubation Of ostrich eggs.
The eggs at present in the farms in
cubator cellar were placed there June
10. Forty-two days from that date
the baby ostriches will emerge.
In one of the runs at the Beltsville
plant the government experts are max
ing the chickens themselves tell what
they want to eat" This is being ac-
Evening star., 1915-07-25

of the rare animals when one OF the
stables of the farm burned short time
ago.
A large flock of goats is also being
maintained for the purpose Of develop
ing stock suitable for the economical
production Of milk. A number of years
ago a flock of native goats was OH
tained from the south. and these have
been selected carefully, those of the
more pronounced dairy type being re-
tained and mated with Saanen and Tog-
genburg bucks. Many of the offspring
of these matings are now producing as
much as five pounds of milk daily.
Upon this basis the experts of the
Agricultural Department are planning
in the near future to conduct an in
vestigation to determine the value of
goats milk for feeding infants and in
Valids.
Upon all three of these farms there is
practically no excess of production at
the present time, most of the fowls and
the dairy products being used for eN-
perimental purposes. In this way the
raw material for investigation is sup
piled to the laboratories concerned with
questions regarding milk, eggs or
cheese.
Evening star., 1915-07-25
que Experiments at Governments Chicken F arm

cations. is at the farm a visitor will
have no difficulty whatever in seeing
everything on the place which could
possibly help him. Mr.. Lamon started
out like many another amateur has
started, except that his superiors say
he has made an unqualified success
of it.
His proudest claim is that he is
graduate of THE School of Blue Over
alls." and that his knowledge of chick
ems has been gained principally by get
ting up before dawn and staying with
his job until late at night for some
twenty odd years. Because of this he
has the problems of the poultryman-
large and small-very much at heart.
I'D like to keep every one of them
from falling into the same errors that
every poultry fancier stumbles into
sooner or later. he says.
If it should happen not to be one of
Mr. Lannon's days at the farm. another
able and willing guide is always there
in the person of T. A. Davis who is
ION the ground at the farm. and who
is a practical poultryman.
When the old Hall plantation was
Evening star., 1915-07-25
COOKS WITH THEIR FIELD KITCHEN.

study and at the end of that time the
proficient ones are graduated
The course consists of a thorough
training in actual cooking and baking.
The men are taught how to select good
meat, the chemistry of food values.
the testing Of foodstufYs. the nutritive
elements in vegetables and the chem
istry of bread-making and baking.
Cleanliness about the kitchen is a most
important requisite. After mastering
this course. as also the preparation Of
menus and arithmetic. these men are
assigned again to the battalions in the
divisions from which they came. Their
salary is then SO Ga month. with board
quarters. medical attention and cloth
ing supplied by the government.
Last year there were down at the
Washington army barracks training
school for cooks just 1853 man students.
Fifty-three. took baking and one hum
dred and ten cooking exclusively
cooking applying to pastries. meats
and vegetables. These. soldiers lived
in the barracks or tents. rose early
and got breakfast. washed the dishes
and then during the morning attended
Evening star., 1915-07-25

complished by placing carefully meas
ured bins of different kinds OF FOOD In
the pen, including bran. oats, corn and
niddlings. and permitting the fowls to
eat what they will. An accurate check
is being kept on the different quanti-
ties of each food consumed. SO at the
end Of a stated period the experts can
tell whether-in this case-the White
Leehorns care for a preponderance,
saw. of bran in their ration. or Of corn,
or wheat Experiments are also being
conducted to determine the best OF the
ordinary proteins for chicken ratipns.
with fish scrap, beef scrap and cotton
seed meal as the basis Of the investi-
cation.
I'VE are. also practically raising our
chickens out of doors. and good
many of them are ranging free" says
Mr. Lamon. ANY farmer can do what
We are doing, with very little more
expense than he is probably expert
encing in conducting his poultry yard
under the most ordinary and econom-
ical conditions. We want the Belts
vile farm ultimately to become the
greatest practical breeding institution
in the country"
To accomplish this Mr.. Iamon Is op-
Evening star., 1915-07-25

lectures and demonstrations Of how to
buy meats. detect tough beef. mem
orized recipes for dishes and mastered
all branches Of the art
In the big. sweet smelling bakery
there are to be seen every morning
about dozen husky fellows-for they
take their lessons by small details
all engaged in mashing the dough in
working machines. poking it into the
huge oven or fishing it out at the
end of long wooden pole. AS they
bake the bread for the entire post. they
use each day about two barrels Of
-four. The bread is delicious and FASH
Toned OF the purest ingredients.
The loaves are Of three kinds. The
single loaf for officers. the loaves in
pans Of six for the enlisted men and
round loaf weighing four pounds
called the field" loaf because when in
active service the bread transports
best in,that shape No bride expecting
hubby to tell her about "the bread
mother used to make" ever showed
more care in the preparation of the
stan of. life.
Outside Of the large. red school build.
Evening star., 1915-07-25

purchased by the government a few
years ago half of it was turned into
an animal husbandEy farm and sixty
acres of the remainder set aside for
poultry Investigations. Mr.. Lamon,
who in his time managed many large
poultry establishments-and what is
more important and unusual made
them pay for themselves with profit
ranch and set out with one end in view.
He determined that whatever expert
ments he followed they should be
founded upon conditions similar to
try farm and should be carried out
with materials accessible to any
farmer. All of which was more or less
of a departure from the method of pro-
cedure on most experimental a.;n farms
not be duplicated by the private fan
cier.
But Mr.. Lamon, realizing that the
average chicken fancier, no matter
what his henhouses may be like,
wants the very best birds obtainable.
did not put scrub stock into his in
expensive poultry pens. True. he Sc
lected the breeds most likely to appeal
to the everyday chicken enthusiast
Barred and White Plymouth Rocks.
hnOQe lSIdHu ftcuS, " uIlc " ydHuoetCCs
Buff Orpingtons and Buff and White
Leghorns. But of these he obtained
the very best selection possible. and
today no birds are retained in his flocks
which have any disqualification that
would bar them under the rules of the
American standard of perfection. The
results he is obtaining indicate that
1t is possible, under conditions within
reach of the fancier or breeder of
limited means. to combine utility and
Standardization to a practical degree.
For instance. one Rhode Island Red
male of good type and color proved
to be especially prepotent with respect
to producing daughters with an ability
to lay well. Last year the daughters
of this male were all good winter egg
producers and averaged over $50 eggs
for the year. This year all of his
daughters proved to be good winter
layers, and up to date are ahead of
last years hens in production.
Today some of the very best speci-
mems, of every utilitarian breed in the
United States may be seen in the runs
of the BeltsvilIe chicken farm.
There are now some $500 fowls on the
Evening star., 1915-07-25

F(lHERES sixty-acre poultry
farm thirty minutes ride from
Washington, and beyond all
q doubt the work which is being
done there would throw light upon at
least one Of the many problems which
arise constantly to stump the chick en-
fancier. be he amateur or professional.
Whenever local breeder of feath-
cred stock is puzzled by a question of
feeding. breeding or housing: whenever
he Is uncertain as to what strain of
chickens had better be specialized upon
to meet his particular need; whenever
he would like to know how an expert
would go about handling fowls with
. nothing more than the equipment eN-
pected of an ordinary. privately owned
farm. II will pay him TO look over this
particular establishment.
He will be more than welcome. for.
you see. the farm in question belongs
to Uncle Sam and is part of the Belts
Evening star., 1915-07-25

The menus for breakfast and supper
are about those of ordinary days. the
dinner being more elaborate. In win
ter the men have hot cakes, wafies.
all kinds of sausage and a sweet for
their breakfast. On Friday of each
week there is lot OF pastry made.
which is sold to the soldiers. the mon
ey being turned into the cooks fund:
With about an average of hundred
men to feed each day Sergt. Blangert,
who is now in charge. makes such
wise provision that each one gets
three good meals a day for an amount
not as large as the average business
The cook soldiers are all a healthy,
busy. happy-looking lot. But the
armed sentry pacing by the door is
realization that the ffres OF the cook
ing range are a necessary adjunct 70
the shrek Of the shrapnel. the rattle OF
the machine gun and the glare Of the
bursting bomb.
Evening star., 1915-07-25

more expensive. but the extra expense
will be brought down by economy during
the next week and without any sacrifice
of the abundance Of fare. For instance,
Thanksgiving day these soldier-cooks
had the following menu for meals,
cooking and eating 1t all themselves:
BREAKFAST.
Fried Eggs. Bacon.
Potatoes. Apple Sauce.
Butter. Bread.
Coffee.
SUPPER
Fried Liver, Gravy.
Fried Bacon.
Chowcbow.
Baked Potatoes.
Butter Bread.
Tea.
DINNER
Roast Turkey. Dressing. Cranberry Sauce.
White Potatoes. Sweet Potatoes. Corn.
Peas Celery. Gravy.
Lemon Pie Mince. Plum Pudding
APPLES Grapes. Oranges.
Bread, Butter and Coffee.
Evening star., 1915-07-25

ing are three immense sheet-iron
stoves called field ovens" They are
portable and quickly packed into a
wagon for transportation. A trench
is dug beneath each one, and in this
hollow the fire is built Of wood. The
three, ovens are used. every day in
training the cooks, and are capable Of
baking 1900 pounds of bread each
twenty-four hours.
The barracks kitchen is used for the
preparation of most of. the food. but
there is also outside field kitchen"
in, which the cooking issvirtually done
in the open. The place sis simple
shed, open, all around. except that the
sides are protected by wire screening.
There are taught lessons In how to
prepare an appetizing meal with the
Evening star., 1915-07-25

E1the wise general who asserted
that IAN army fights on its
stomach" got about as near the
q truth is ever permitted to
mere mortals A hungry soldier thinks
little about the bugle of fame and
covering himself with glory when his
ribs are beginning to show. And every
one of them would barter all the poetry
of dying for ones country for a good
meal of pork and beans with trim
mings.
OF late years-since 1906-the United
States Army has been no longer a mass
Of men who siRiSly so; food. They are
now scientifically fed by men who have
studied the subject. and in a practical
way by presiding over ovens and
stoves in schools. There are six train
ing schools for army cooks. one being
in each division of the country-San
Francisco, Fort Riley. San Antonio Phil
.ppine Islands. Hawaii and In Washing
ton. Soldiers who wish TO take course
are allowed to enter for four months
Evening star., 1915-07-25

case of hens, record of every egg each
one has laid. This is accomplished by
method of "trap-nesting. When
chicken is acquired by the Beltsville
farm it is given a number In the
breeding seasons it is permitted to lay
only in trap-nests-nests which are so
arranged that when the hen enters a
door falls, shutting her inside. When
the nests are inspected the number ap-
pearing on the hens leg band is marked
upon the egg and is also entered in the
"trap-nest record so that at the end
of the season it is possible to tell just
how many eggs each one of the differ
ent breeds have laid.
The chicken houses and runs, how
Evening star., 1915-07-25

thermometer below zero or rising to-
ward the top Of the glass tube. But
most of the meal is cooked in the
kitchen within the building. Although
a soldier has only twenty-five cents q
day with which to feed himself, there
is, not a hospital. not a fashionable
hotel, not a rich mans home that
has better meals as far as nourish-
ment and appetizlng elements are con-
icerned. The men manage ftfis 'by put
ting all the money in a lump sum, and
then one man, a sergeant, buys in
great quantities.. so that the food of
the best qualities are obtainable very
cheap. The meat for which asrhouse-
wife pays 20 cents is given to Uncle
Sans boys for about II cents, and 1t
is of the very best on the market. So
Evening star., 1915-07-25

let Mr.. Lamon again do a bit Of ex-
planning. OF this he says:
"It does seem bit unimportant on
the face of it, but let's consider this
angle. Have you ever gone into res
taurant and ordered fried eggs. which
when they came presented different
colored yolkso Immediately 1 dare say
you wondered whether the darker yolk
was perfectly fresh, or perhaps wheth-
err the lighter one was from a good
egg. Now. as a matter of fact Doth
of the eggs were probably perfectly
good fresh eggs. But the idea that
they were not suggested by the color
of the yolk of one or the other of
them was imbedded in your mind.
Now If we succeed in discovering
how to control the color of egg yolks,
don't you suppose it will be worth
something to the poultry man to say
to the hotelkeeper 1 can deliver to you
such a number of dozen eggs day and
can guarantee their yolks to be uni
form in color?"
At the Beltsville farm are also in
Evening star., 1915-07-25

on. as well as other buildings whore
the curing of meat so obtained may
be gone into. This work will be done
in cooperation with the biochemic divt-
sion of the bureau.
One of the most interesting phases of
the sheep and goat work being done on
the farm is the experiment in breeding
the caracul sheep, whose foals supply
the priced Persian lamb" pelts. The
trials in breeding this animal in the
United States. however, were more or
less interfered with by the loss of many
Evening star., 1915-07-25

Grating the farm exactly as II he
owned 1t and was paying the expenses
from his own pocket. Extravagant
equipment is absolutely barred. and
any departure from the ordinary which
would be prohibitive in a private es
tablishment finds no place at Belts
vile.
The poultry farm perhaps holds more
of interest to Washingtonians than
the work going on upon other portions
Evening star., 1915-07-25

From there. taking the road which
leads off to the right from the station.
In less than a quarter of mile
straightaway. the boundaries of the
farm may be reached. After that it
will be easy, because any one there
about will be glad to direct the visitor
to that portion of the 500-acre tract
which is devoted to the breeding of
chickens.
On the days when Harry NJ. Lamon,
general superintendent of the work, by
virtue of his position in the Depart
ment of Agriculture. which places him
In charge of poultry and egg investi-
Evening star., 1915-07-25

Valuable Ranch
the Small Breeder Well Man
YSoN the Problems the Poltymen.
Making
Determine
Evening star., 1915-07-25

VILE. Nd, bureau of animal industry
station.
In fact, the men who are running the
big poultry establishment desire above
all things to have chicken fanciers and
breeders visit them and see the work
they are doing. Many trains for Balti-
more way stations stop at BeltSville.
Evening star., 1915-07-25

place. Yet there is not one of them
a bout which Mr.. Lamon or his assist
ant, Mr. Davis, cannot give an accurate
and detailed history, including. in the
Evening star., 1915-07-25

The purchase of canned goods and
such things as sugar. rice. etc. is made
every four months. Perishable' things
are contracted for each month. The
fare is' not of the beans. bread and cof-
cure could wish. There are pies. pas
tries and sweets of all kinds. fruits,
vegetables, ice cream, fish, fowl, all as
fresh as would be served at most high
class hotels. The dining tables are
gui1tless, Of cloths, the chinaware is
thick and strong. but the food that
passes over both Is good and palatable.
The three meals day on IS cents
makes each meal cost a fraction over
cents On holidays the dinner will be
Evening star., 1915-07-25

with sugar, tea, coffee. flour, canned
goods and vegetables-all are bought
in such great amounts that they are
obtainable at q low price in ordinary
eyes.
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1915-11-04
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.

Department of the Interior, U. s.
Land Office at The Dalles, Oregon,
October 4, 1915. Notice is hereby
given that August Rahner, of Hepp
ner, Oregon, who, on April Is, 1911,
made Homestead Entry No. 0S553 for
VIZ NV A. Sec. 25, E1a NEh, Sec.
26, and on May 2, 1911, made addi-
tional Homestead Entry No. 0S7S7,
for WRNEA, Section 26, Township
3 South, Range 26 East, Willamette
Meridian, has filed notice of intention
to make final three year Proof, to es-
tablish claim to the land above de-
scribed, before G. G.. Patterson, U. S.
Commissioner at his office at Hepp-
ner Oregon, on the 26th day of No
vember, 1915.
Claimant names as witnesses.
George w. Sperry, George E.
Sperry, Erbie l.. Kirk, Edward B.
Hunt, all of Heppner, Oregon.
H. FRANK WOODCOCK, Register.
o IAN IS
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1915-11-04
STATE OF OREGON FOR NOR
ROW COUNTY.
A. NJ. Markham, Plaintil)

lAOh W ~ I
A. NJ. Markham, PlaintifO
VS..
A. X. Higgs, Annie E.D
Higgs, his wife, John e.
Neill, Mrs. John c. Neill, SUMMONS
his wife, George Rup-)
recht, Frank T. Berry,
J. T. Alexander and H)
IL. Neill defendants
To H. II. Neill and George Rup-
recht, Defendants, above named:
IN THE NAME OF THE STATE
OF OREGON: You and each of you
are hereby summoned and required
to appear and answer the complaint
filed against you in the above entitled
cause on or before six weeks from the
date of first publication of this sum-
mons, and you are notified that if
you fail to so appear or answer, the
plaintiff for want thereof will apply
to the Court for the relief prayed for
in his complaint, which is as follows;
For judgment against the defendant,
A. X. Higgs for the sum of $7,000.00
with interest thereon at the rate Of
Eight per cent per annum from
March l, 1914, for the further sum
of $4,000 attorneys fee and for the
costs and disbursements of this suit;
Also for a judgment and decree fore
closing that certain mortgage execut-
ed by the defendants A. X. Higgs and
Annie L. Higgs, his wife, to plaintiff
to secure payment of the sums for
which judgment is demanded and for
the sale, for the satisfaction of such
Judgment of the real property in said
mortgage, viz. The SWl4 and VIZ
of NWA of Section 2; All of Sec
ton except the NEh of of SEA
thereof NEA of NEA Of Section
10, The NJ of NWA of Section II,
Also the fractional parts of the NV a
of the NEA and SEA of NWA of
Section II lying West of the County
Road running through said lands, all
of said lands lying in Township 3
South of Range 25 E. W. NJ and con-
tanning 995 and one-fourth acres,
more or less; that you and each of
you as we'll as all of the other de-
PENDANTS in said suit be forever barr
ed and foreclosed OF all right, title
and interest in and to said real prop
erty save the statutory right Of re-
demption, and for such other relief
as to the Court may seem equitable.
This summons is published by or
der of Hon. G. w. Phelps, Judge of
the above entitled court, made and
entered on the 21st day of October,
1915, and the date of first publication
of such summons is the 2Sth day of
October, 1915.
C. E. WOODSON,
Heppner, Oregon,
Attorney for Plaintiff.
O. 2S-D Q.