The Washington times., 1915-12-03

Il OHb UdlUthH Win pTupTbSty
that words add to and extend
the human memory as we'll A. con-
struct now combinations OF Imagination
and understanding. Yet It must be
plain that a parrot or a maSpic cannot
a Id breadth or wisdom to its mental
life--if II has any-by a mere increase
OF Its vocabulary
Sad to tell. there ere many men who
use words. words. words. and thereby
hamper reason, instead of widening
their psychic strength In nns; rnsa such .nh
study. instead OF growing In mental
power and logic. Language to such per-
sons. so Tar from being incentives to
| wisdom. Is a veritable dungeon-keep. a
strait Jacket. a checkrein TO them,
Recent laboratory discoveries call at
tention to this very delinquency OF
popular terms. Ask the next ten people
you meet what they mean by the
phrases emotional men" and ''senti-
haw or fake as father does when
little Johnny's interminaDle questions
iInally habbergast him.
Psychologists have lately unrolled
much Of the confusion that surrounds
these words. Even the newest diction-
aries will have to he revised as q con-
sequence of the researches Just made.
Animals Have Emotions.
When you suddenly find a spider, a
mouse. or a snake upon your bare arm
or wrist. your fright and its attendant
| train of physical upheavals are not
matters OF sentiment. This much, now
that it is stated. you will not deny.
Nevertheless. you might have been
told that Jennie Smith is afraid OF
/ spiders and thousand-legged bugs, and
you would probably have said. That
| is all sentimental nonsense" or "it Is a
mere matter OF sentiment. whether one
, person II coward and another Is not"
The experiments which diaentan ngle
the apparent similarity OF words show
that, while emotional explosions are
small part sensory and a great part
matter OF tissue action. sentiments are
| more or less matters OF memory and
| associated Ideas.
! A rabbit dog. a cat, and other crea-
lures can be shown by certain tests
| 10 he given to the emotions OF fright
anger. JOY. fear. envy. and anxiety. but
as yet the experimental psychologist
has II not within his power to prove
any sentiments. even II present. in any
| animals
Emotions such as fear and anxiety
have been demonstrated by Prof.
! George Grille. Of Cleveland. and Walter
| b. Connor. Of Howard University. in
rabbits. dogs. and other brutes by the
] pursuit OF the one By the other. 4 rab-
bit hunted by a dog will be found to
exhibit all the well-known physical signs
of fear. Its eyes become popped. It's
ears and hair stand on end, 1t sweats
and tremblcs. its breath comes and goes
| with rapidity. Its nortrils flare. dilate.
and contract with the speed OF an
| electric vibrator. As with many when
gestive apparatus may assume an un-
! welcome and Inappropriate activity.
The dog in the ardor Of pursuit will
he seen to have its muscles tense and
I a e. ,.Sts q tnn
will be observed to move in pleasant
anticipation of conquest Victory and
power are to be noted in the canine
eyes. The teeth NAV show partially
as II in grin or the pleasure of n
| coming Joy.
Emotion Versus Sentiment.
Indeed. by injecting the iuids from
certain glands Of calves. sheep. swine
and other animals into the flowing
| stream OF vermillion serum. various
emotiona explosions can be artificially
brought into play. For that matter.
| those same tissucs-thyrod. pituitary.
| sdrenals. pineals. parathyroid. corpus
luteum. and other glands-<aten either
| when fresh or when as dried and powd-
| cred extracts. will produce a train OF
symptoms precisely the same as the
corresponding emotions,
| Emotions. then. are plainly physical
| states caused by anatomical structures
OF the living fabric. The physiological |
| conditions brought about by these tex
| tiles may be inaugurated by the sensa-
| lions OF sight. sound. smell touch.
movement. heat cold or any OF the
| thrtv-seven and more senses. or by
memory.
Sentiment is tretotally n different af-
| fair Just as the word emotion" means
| to move outwardly," so the word sen
| timent" has to do with mental sense"