davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-02-14

any way roughly treated, and a child
can go into the stall of any one of the
bulls without danger.
In one stable / was shown the can
These include both Herefords and Dur
hams There are perhaps 100 of them,
ranging in age from two months up to
two and one-half years. Later on
saw the dairy. 1t contains scores of
cows which have been bred by crossing
the Holsteins with certain other breeds.
In this way Mr.. Pereyra has made a
milking strain of his own. 1t is said
to be superior to any other for Ar
gentine use.
I next saw some of the sheep. There
are thousands Of them on the farm.
and these include the finest of Lincolns.
Rambouillets and Black-faces. All of
the sheep are pedigreed. and in the
sheep stables we saw some of the prize
animals. They are kept in great pens
under roofs. Each pen is about fifteen
feet square. and there are about twenty
sheep to the pen. There are also thor
oughbred Angora goats.
During my visit 1 was driven out
through the fields in which the fine
breeding animals are kept The fields
are in squares and some of them are
10 acres in extent They are so ar
ranged that there is Il well and wind
mill for every four fields. The windmill
is inside IL ring and the gates from the
field open into the ring SO that the
stock from each field can be kept sepa-
rate when driven In for water. The ar
rangements are such that the estate can
be handled with comparatively few
men, 1t now employs only 200, but
Evening star., 1915-02-14

of the day going over it. The railroad
station lies almost at the gates, and
the house is approached through wide
avenues of magnificent trees. senior
Pereyra sent his major-domo to meet
me, and / was driven in a coach drawn
by two blooded horses for an hour or
more through a mighty park planted
by the family. This park consists of a
eucalyptus forest the trees of which
are 100 feet high and as big around
at the base as a hogshead. There are
other trees scattered among them, ana
here and there are great patches OF
wide open space covered with grass
as high as your knee. Here stream
winds about through the forest, and
there you find lake over Wnich
hang great clumps of bamboos-
Some of the avenues are lined win
palms of many varieties. There are
rustic bridges and islands covered with
tropical verdure. At times | was re-
minded of some of the forests of Japan,
and again of the wonderful gardens on
the edge of Bisllra in the sahara
This part of the estate looks IKE
great English park. There are more
than 80 acres in trees alone. ana an
of these have been planted by Sehor
Perevra | saw one pine tree Whlch,
win its branches, was fully fifty feet
in diameter 1t was brought a. sprlS
bv the father of the family when ne
came from Europe about SlNtE years
ago. 1t was one of the first trees pant
the country was nothing but a pam
covered with grass.
Now there are trees everywhere. Ihey
are planted in the fields as shade for
the animals, 10000 new trees being set
out every year. Among these trees Il
saw herd of deer feeding. There are
somethign like 200 on the estate, and
they are all the offspring of a male and
two females which the owner brought
here some forty years ago
As we rode over the farm we now and
then scared up a wild ostrich. There
are hundreds of them running about
through the fields. and the majordonfo
says that in galloping after the cattle
he now and then hears a splash and
finds that the horse has run over a
nest of large ostrich eggs.
| despair of being able TO describe the
fine stock. 7 am not a cattle breeder,
and all that 1 say must be i'll the terms
of the layman. The first herd we looked
at consisted of fifty pedigreed Here
fords, ranging in age from three to
eight years. Their average weight was
about ton, and they had never been
Evening star., 1915-02-14

LA PLATA, Argentina.
- 0AVE you ever heard of San
I'LL Juan? 1t is the famous es-
It'll tancia belonging to the
q q SONS of Leonardo Pereyra, on
which was bred the Shorthorn bull
Americus. that sold at auction in
Buenos Aires a year or so ago for
$4,000 in gold. That was the highest
price ever paid for any bull anywhere
upon earth and il gives one some idea
of the value of the stock now on the
estate
The estancia lies on the Rio de la
Plata. almost on the edge of this city.
and within an hours ride of Buenos
Aires. the capital of the Argentine
Republic. 1t runs for nine miles along
the river. and extends far back into
the country. 1t contains $4,000 acres of
good pasture land any in Ken
tucky. and this is divided up into fields
of 100 acres or more. upon which are
now feeding some OF the finest bred
cattle of tine world
The founder of the estate, Senor
Pereyra, was the first to realize the inn
portance OF high-class pedigreed stock
and he began to found his herd of Dur
hams as far back as 1857. when he
imported the bull Defiance and the
COW Coral. The next year he bought
the famous bull Don Juan and the
COW Dahlia. and later on other short
horns which stand high in stock-breed-
ing history. He has Herefords with
pedigrees which date back for fifty
years. since he imported their ancestors
from England. and he has Lincoln and
Rambouillet sheep that have won sill
yer cups all over this country at the
great fairs.
The estate now has ON il more than
5000 cows of fine blood and hundreds
of pedigreed bulls. 1t is used largely
as a breeding establishment to supply
the other great ranches belonging TO
the family. where there are altogether
something like 10000 cows. and from
which are sold every year $4,000 fat
steers. --ss-
do not know just how much land
the Pereyra family owns The amount
runs high into the tens of thousands
of acres, and their stock exceeds the
widest ambitions of any JOB, past or
present The San Juan estancia Is
their chief breeding farm 1t is also
where the family lives during the sum
mer, and there We're forty of them
there at the time of my visit
San Juan is one of the most beautiful
estates in this land of millionaire
farmers. l have spent the greater part
Evening star., 1915-02-14

Where Raised the Bull That Sold Thousand Gold
Dmham Heefo Pod
$4,000 7nDay-Od Which Would
$2OO0-How
Are
Evening star., 1915-02-14

larger number of these are taken up
in the care of the stables and of the
park and gardens and the service of
the family. On some of Mr.. Pereyra's s
other estancias. that have from 10000
to $4,000 cattle, only one-third as
many men are employed. There the
cattle run about as they please, and
the only thing to be done is to see
that the fences are kept up and that
nothing happens to the stock.
: I asked as to wages, and the major
domo told me that the ordinary poems
get forty Argentine dollars month.
and the headmen $50. In addition they
have their homes rent free on the
estate, each family having from seven
to ten acres of land for its own use,
and some grain and corn for few
pigs and cows. Every family has two
cows for milking, and 1t also receives
size of the family. If the family is
large this amount may be ten or
twelve pounds per day, and If small
only three or four pounds. Two ami
mails are killed every day for the use
Of the estancia alone.
AS we rode from field to field the
majordomo told me how the cattle are
great packing companies come out and
the stock is brought forth in large
herds. There may be thousand in d
single herd. and the buyer may take
the whole thousand or he may select
only seven or eight hundred. He buys
what will make the best chilled beef
and pays by weight. The average steer
on the hoof will bring from 100 to 20(
pesos, or from $50 to $3.50 of United
States money.
AS far as its fine stock is concerned
this estate of San Juan is one of the
Evening star., 1915-02-14

down to the one-thousandth of an
inch. There is no marking on the
walk, steps or front of this house to
denote the important fact that it is
the residence of our official meridian.
The line is placed in the photograph
merely to point out more clearly just
where the line. which has no tangible
existence, runs.
This meridian is still young. the OBJ
servatory having been in this part of
the city since 1892. Prior to that time
it was where the Naval Hospital is To-
Gated.
The first calculation of a meridian
from Washington was done when the
city was very young. This was in Oc-
tober, 1904, and the place at which the
observations were taken by William
Lambert was near the White House.
Lambert stated that in the plans of
Washington city it was intended to
run a meridian of our own through
the center of the Capitol. For many
years afterward there were calcula-
tions taken, but no official action re-
suited until Congress-, in 1921, author
Evening star., 1915-02-14
A Complaint.

pure nso are at creeping an amsa"e into
rate" said George AIDE at a house party
at Hazelden farm, his Indiana estate.
I'VE now call a dude by the English
term of nut. A sack suit is a lounge
suit. a derby hat, bowler. For 'ex-
cuse me- we say, I'm sorry Even our
fine old Yankee word smart has been
corrupted. You never know what
smart means any more"
Mr.. Ade frowned.
Why" he said. when people now
adays tell me girls smart, I have to
ask them:
".High brow or low neckr"
Evening star., 1915-02-14

ent estates one o: his cstancias is all
in alfalfa, and upon II 5000 steers are
kept the year round. an average o.
soc being sold every month As TO
il is something like tho
estate l have just visited. being noted
for its prize stock and for the fine way
in which they are kept. with the cN-
ception of about 5000 acres devoted to
grain. IL is all in pasture. being divided
up INTO camps, which are in turn sub
divided into padcocks or fields. There
IS driveway forty-fiVe feet wide be
tween the fields, and this space has
been so planted to trees that every
field is surrounded by shade.
Upon La Chapadmalal there are now
$4,000 Durham cows. $500 horses and
mares. and $4,000 sheep. The sheep are
sheared by machinery, and the arrange
ments are such that the whole $4,000
can be shorn in two weeks. The owner
looks upon his present flock as small
one. and il is only half the number he
had a few years ago.
Senior Martinez de HOE Is greae
lover of fine horses. and he breeds race
horses here which he takes to London
and runs there. He has hunting box
and residence in London. and at on"
time he ran a fashiona BILE coach. keep
ing from forty TO fifty Argentine e-bred
horses the road. After time the
fad palled upon him. and he sold
out his horses at auction. They brought
an average of $3.50 apiece. He has now
pure-bred hackney mares, sixty pure
bred Shire mares and 100 mares used
to breed polo ponies.
Among the other famous estates are
those of the late Gen. Roca, who was
formerly president of the republic. He
has one at La Larga, a nights ride
from Buenos Aires. where his magnifi-
cent home is surrounded by a thou
sand-acre park. containing hundreds of
thousands of trees. the most Of which
are only ten years old. The La Larga
ranch comprises 10000 acres. and OF
this 10000 are in crops. cats, corn and
wheat are grown. but the oats are
sown in the fall and the cattle are al
lowed to Craze upon them. The most of
the stock is Durham, and there are
10000 head upon this big farm There
are also 10000 Lincoln sheep and about
5000 horses. The horses are mostly
Percherons. crossed with the native
stock. There are also thousands of
ostriches of the South American breed.
The latter feed out of doors, and live
entirely on grass.
FRANK g. CARPENTER
Evening star., 1915-02-14
Washimgeon's Meridian Photographed

lied the President to have astronomi-
cal observations made to determine the
correct longitude of the Capitol. In
April of that year Lambert. assisted
by Mr.. Elliot of this city. made the OBJ
servations. using the altitude OF the
sun on the pa ssage of his eastern limb
over the south wing. sixty yards from
the center of the building.
The first United States observatory
was authorized III 1872. and the old
building. which WAS abandoned in 1892.
was erected and equipped with the
best Instruments of the day OF course.
when the new Naval Observatory was
built a new calculation had to be
made and Il new meridian WAS given
birth.
Evening star., 1915-02-14

00 7EDNESDAY next. February Il.
WW the treaty of Client will cele-
w brate its one hundredth birth
day anniversary II had been signed
In December. but was not ratified until
,wo months later. This event, which
ended trouble between Britain and
America, took place in the famous Oc-
tagon House, at the corner OF New
York avenue and 18th street northwest.
the representatives of England and the
United States meeting there TO append
their signatures
After the burning of the White House
by the British, in August, 1914, Presl-
dent Madison made his home in the Oc-
taKon The treaty was ratified in the
circular room on the second floor, just
above the front entrance. The states
men to witness the event were grouped
about a round mahogany table of ex-
uuisite workmanship. with numerous
drawers, each with letters inscribed on
silver plates-an old-fashioned letter
file. This table still stands in the room
in which the treaty was completed.
The remarkable feature about this
treaty is that it preserved a dead si-
lence on the only subject on which il
should have sspoken-the cause Of the
Evening star., 1915-02-14

E1HE American horse has that most
valuable of horse qualities, stami-
q ma, or staying power. Enough evil
prophesies have been made about the
horse to make his ears flop and his tail
droop. but he still holds his head hlSn'
still throws himself against his collar
and bears on his traces. He refuses TO
he DISCOURAGED He looks the world
proudly i'll the face, if not def1antly,
and says: 81 am one of the oldest of
American citizens. biologists and other
highbrow folk have proved that my
ancestors were here long before the
whites came to the western world and
they believe that there were American
horses before there were American In
dams Some of my kind came with the
earliest European settlers and in turn
ing the wilderness into fruitful farms,
in fighting the battles Of this nation
and in hauling its loads, bearing its
burdnes and carrying on its work we
have done our share. We hear much
ungrateful talk that we are to be ban
ished or relegated to the boneyard or
to the scrap heap, something like
that, and that the noisy automobile is
going to put us out of business, but we
are still full of ginger and going
strong. Take il from me, that old
Dobbin is still on the turf even if the
streets hard and slippery and in
spite of the fact that good roads are
being built for rubber tires intead OF
iron horseshoes.
The streets and the roads are filling
up with automobiles, and with gasoline
machines that used to be automobiles,
and yet the horse population-if that is
u fair phrase-continues to increase.
On farms and ranges in the United
la 1 he eSfi nat n q
of the Department of Agriculture esti-
mate correctly. there were 1851 900
farm animals-21, j 1000 horses, 4,479,-
600 mules. 21.262 900 milch cows, 81 ,067,-
900 other cattle, 49,956.O0 sheep and
6461S,O00 swine-valued at S5,969,253,-
600.
Compared with January l, 1914, the
following changes are indicated: In
the total numbers there was an in
crease of 1922 ,O00-horses contributed
$4,000 to this this gain. mules 10000; milch
sheep $4,000. swine 5.6S5. .000-and $7S,-
O24 900 was added to total value. re-
cent report of the Carriage Builders
ing the fiscal year ending with June,
1914, the carriage factories of the
United States turned out more than
800, 900 vehicles. valued at $4,000, 900,
the Dulk OF WHICH output was disposed
of in this country. These statistics do
not include the output of the farm
wagon factories. The capacity to alb
sorb 100000 carriages and buggies
shows that the horse still has friends.
The American horse Is bearing a
great burden in the world war. There
is much that is to be pitied in this. 1t
Is no happy reflection that horses are
taken from their home land and sold
into the murderous clash that Is wreck
ing parts of the earth. 1t is no pleas
ant thought that Observation-Disclosures
of thousands-of our honest. faithful
friends are meeting death in all it's
horrid forms on the blood-soaked and
corpse strewn fields of Europe. What
do the horses think? Do they preserve
their quiet stalls back home? Do they
reflect that men whose Indignation
knows no bounds on the subject of hu-
man slavery give no thought to the
Evening star., 1915-02-14
ccopyrisbt. 1915. by Frank C. Carpenter

LA PLATA, Argentina.
q 0AVE you ever heard of San
ILL Juan? 1t is the famous es-
JC taneia belonging to the
The Spectator., 1915-11-05
ENSlLlNG THE GREEN CROPS
Extensive Investigation Carried on by Nebraska Experiment Station
 Six Small Silos Used.

The department of agricultural chemistry of the experiment station and college of agriculture of Nebras- ka has been carrying on an extensive investigation during the last year on the chemistry of the processes which take place during the ensiling of vari- ous green crops. Special attention has been given to silage made from mix lures of alfalfa and sweet sorghum.
 Six small silos holding about one ton each were filled in September. 1914, with various mixtures. Two of these silos were opened during the second week of August, 1915. and the silage in each was found to be in per feet condition. The first silo con tained a mixture of one part sweet sorghum and one part alfalfa. while the second contained mixture of one part sweet sorghum and two parts af- falfa.
 Alfalfa alone will not make sil- age. because the plant does not con- tain enough sugar to insure the pro- duction of sufficient acid to preserve the silage. The acid produced from the sugar m the green plant by bac- terial action preserves the silage By mixing sweet sorghum with the alfalfa the necessary sugar is supplied.
The Spectator., 1915-11-05
Question of Time.

Uncle Ozias Pike cleared his throat, shifted his quid, seized his chance to get word in edgewise and began:
 About the war"
 A murmur of protest checked him. But again he began;
 About the war"
 When dozen determined men drew in breath with a hissing sound, such as the snake makes before it strikes, you know what it means. Uncle Ozias knew what it meant. But he did not lack courage. Again seizing his mo. ment, he exclaimed:
 About the war"
 ''Shet up about the war!"
 'Shet up about it yerselves," shout. ed Uncle Ozias in return. "About-th'- war r'ntee-deed-them Smith gals -wuz-t'-giv'-ye tn skule- hus - lot - they - won't-giv'-ye- none goll - durn-ye-an'-se -ye-right, Judge.
The Spectator., 1915-11-05

It makes a smooth, tight wall that can be readily painted with whitewash or crude oil and there are no hooks and corners to harbor the vermin that al ways get into the chicken house more or less. The walls can also be GOV cred with matched ceiling which will give a smooth surface that can be easily painted.
 The roof can be made of sheathing, which is covered with prepared roof ing. The inside wall is made of wall board or of matched ceiling the same as the walls.
 The roosts are placed in the back part of the house under the roof and are fastened to the droppings board that is placed underneath them. The nests are fastened underneath the droppings board and all the furniture can thus be moved out together when the chicken house is to. be cleaned. The darkness that the hens require for laying is furnished by placing the nests under the droppings board. The scratching floor is at the front of the house, so that it will get plenty of sunshine.
 One end of this poultry house is given over to a feed room, where the future meals of the chickens can be kept This is a handy arrangement
The Spectator., 1915-11-05

very desirable that the coarse aggre. gate be we'll graded in size between proper limits.
 The proportion of cement to the sand and coarse aggregate combined should not be less than about 1 to 5, and the proportion of sand to coarse aggregate not less than E to 3. nor greater than to 3. A useful for mula when gravel is used as coarse aggregate is l part of cement to l F parts of sand to 3 parts of gravel. When crushed stone is used, 1&, parts of sand may be substituted in place of 1 F parts.
 Ordinarily from 1-3 to F of the total cost of constructing a concrete pavement is for labor after the mate rials are delivered This emphasizes the importance of efficient organiza- tion and proper equipment. Failure to take those factors into consdera- ton frequently results in adding from 10 to 20 per cent to the cost of concrete pavement.
 The most economical method is to have the work of mixing and placing the concrete as nearly continuous as practicable. The work should be planned with a primary view of keep ing the mixer going full time. The drainage structures, the grading, and the subgrade should. therefore, be completed well in advance of the mix CT and provision made for obtaining all of the necessary materials without delay. A common error is the failure to make adequate provision for deliv- ering water on the work. and the amount which given stream is ca pale of supplying is frequently over- estimated.
The Spectator., 1915-11-05

The grain that is given to them should be scattered through straw on the floor of the house. It's a great sight to watch a flock of healthy hens make the straw fly when they want a meal. Many poultrymen, make the floor of lime because they say that the concrete wears the claws of the hens.
 Burned lime is placed over the ground several inches deep and is packed down hard. Sufficient water is then put on the lime to slake it properly so that it will form a pasty mortar. which is then allowed to dry and harden. This sort of floor is very satisfactory and also furnishes lime to aid in the making of egg shells. A floor like this becomes worn in spots and has to be renewed at times. but it is very easy to place lime in the Impressions that are worn by the hens. and put little water on it.
 The chicken house should always face toward the south. and the north and west sides should be carefully closed. Chickens have very little body heat, so the house must be care fully protected against the cold. Ven tilation cannot be handled in the same way it is in stock barns. Thin cotton is stretched over the windows facing the south. and this provides good ven tilation without causing any drafts, which are very dangerous to poultry. Very little headroom is needed by chickens, so the back of this house is only made feet 10 inches high, while the front is feet 10 inches A small place such as this can be kept warm by the poultry.
 Poultry houses are often neglected in regard to appearances. There is no particular reason for this except that the building is small and people think that it will not make any differ ence. The necessary paint to make a nice-looking chicken house can be had for very little money and it can be applied easily in a short time.
 The walls are generally made of drop siding and the inner walls can be made in several ways. One of the best is with wall board. Wall board is nonconductor of heat and cold and is also airtight and vermin proof.
The Spectator., 1915-11-05
JUST FORGED TO COME DOWN
Reader Will See That Smiths Reason for Descent Was an Entirely
 Good One

Here is story that was told by Congressman James c. Cantrill of kentucky the other afternoon in illus trating remark on the force of neces- sity:
 Recently Smith hired a horse for a canter along the pike, but the animal, having neither a sweet nature nor great desire to work strepuously. be gan to buck, and the rider was un' gracefully thrown through the air anc dropped by the waysde.
 Hello, smith, smilingly remarked a friend the following day; T saw you out horsebacking yesterday"
 You did?" responded Smith, begin ming to wonder a bit.
 Yes" continued the other, his smile broadening What made you drop down so quickly?"
 Case of necessity" answered Smith. Did you see anything up where was to hold on to-"