davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

son. Getze. Irving. Baker. Adams,
Naver. Volunteer and Foster. In the
Library Of Congress. having been de-
posited for copyright, there are YER
sions with the following titles: we
Are Coming, Father Abram, Full 60O,-
600 More" poetry by William Cullen
BRYANT. music by Nathan Barker, pub
Eshed by A. c. Peters & Bro, Cincin-
natl. 1862. ave Are Coming, Father
Abraham" poetry from THE New York
Evening Post" composed and arranged
bv Professor A. Gull; New York, Hor-
ace Waters. 1862 1--WE Are Coming.
Father Abraham" arranged by J. A.
Getze: Philadelphia, Lee & Walker.
1862 owe Are Coming. Father
Abraam." set 10 music by P. s. Gilmore
BOSTON. Russell & Patee, 1862. I'VE
Are Coming. Father Abraham" words
from "The New York Evening POST
music by l. b. Irving; Chicago, II. VI.
Higgins. 1862 I'VE Are Coming, Father
Abraam." composed by Ferdinand
Mayer; Boston. Henry Tolman & Co.,
1852. Three Hundred Thousand
More" lthe first line reads We are
coming. Father Abraam"l, by George
r. Poulton, Rochester, Joseph 7. Shaw,
1862. 1--WE Are Coming, Father
Abraam." by Stephen c. Foster; New
York, S. T. Gordon. 1862. The versions
by Emerson and Volunteer are not in
the Library Of Congress, but the for
mer was published by Oliver Ditson.
Now will Mr.. O'Reilly tell US when
James Sloan Gibbons wrote the song?
Here is an interesting historical fact
in connection with the words of the
song which may have bearing on Mr..
OReillys claim for Gibbons. They
were printed in book entitled Poems
Of American History" edited by Bur
ton Egbert Stevenson, published by
Houghton e. MifFlin In July, 1862. 'au-
thor unknown" For this contribution
we are beholden 10 Mr.. Gavitt, manag-
ing editor OF "The Evening Post
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

taper form on spindle connected with
a wheel. This wheel served as fly to
make the motion equable when the
spindle with the glasses was turned by
the foot like q spinning wheel. The in
strument was played upon by sitting
before the middle set of glasses. as be
fore the keys of harpsichord, turning
with the foot, and rubbing the moving
glasses that represented the desired
tones with wet finger" Beethoven's
composition is a pathetic and mournful
bit of melodrama.
There is, we believe, In the Good
Book a bit of advice which enjoins the
answering of one of q certain and nu-
merous class Of persons according to
their folly. The injunction, we fancy,
might be well applied in the case Of the
following letter received fortnight
ago: nit
Dear Sir: That marvellous and in
fallible man with the Deutsch .patro-
nymic, Mr.. Krehbiel, attributes the war
song we Are Coming, Father Abra-
ham, etc, to J. p. Webster. ! wonder
if James Sloan Gibbons, the husband Of
Abby Hopper, who was the daughter Of
the Quaker Abolitionist Isaac Hopper,
did not have something to do with 1t?
Mr. Krehbiel, set IN and think. Yours
truly, MfLES O'KElLLf'
Brooklyn, November 30, 1915
Concerning this communication, so
beautifully illustrative Of the amenities
of criticism, IL may be remarked that
Mr.. Krehbiel had probably as little TO
do with his "Deutsch" patronymic as
the writer of the letter with his Mi
lesian, assuming his TO be authentic.
He is as little proud of its origin at
the present crisis IN civilization as he
was ashamed of 10 when he derived II
from q father whose Americanism was
stanch and true blue from the fifth
year of his age till his death al over
sixty. Ii was that of a patriot who
were he alive to-day would be found IN
the ranks of those for whom everything
suggested by the political hyphen is an
abomination. II is probably because Of
that fact. 70 some extent, that the war
songs which linger in his sons mind do
so with considerable freshness and
vigor. But since Mr.. O'Reilly's curlos-
ity ought to be satisfied, though per
haps not to the extent OF asking Mr..
Krehbiel 20 "set up, II may ne s''o
that possibly Mr.. Hopper did have
ING. Father Abraham: so did J. 7.
Webster. we believe, and L. o. Emer-
son and Stephen c. Foster and S. j..
Adams. At any rate, all these men are
credited with music for the song. Mr..
O'Reilly may know one version OF the
song and Mr. Krehbiel another
Finally, while still admitting that
our amiable critic may know more
about I'VE Are Coming, Father Abra-
ham, than we have been able TO find
out. we beg 20 submit 10 the infallible
gentleman who uses an Irish patro-
nvmic the result Of an investigation
made through the courtesy OF Mr.. O..
G. Sonneck. chief of the music division
Of the Library Of Congress. In the
Board Of Music Trade Catalogue set
tings Of the song by nine composers
are mentioned namely, Gilmore, Emer-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
INDIAN WOMAN is A LAWYER.

Miss Lydia B. Conley. of Kansas City.
Is the hrst woman Of Indian descent TO
be admitted TO practise law before the
Supreme Court. say: "The Indianapolis
News" Her admission was moved by
Solicitor General Davis. Several years
ago she attracted attention by resist.
ing an attempt 10 remove the bodies OF
her ancestors from an Indian burial
ground in Kansas City. She carried
the litigation to the Supreme Court and
there argued her own case. She lost
e. however. Her appearance was with
special permission of the court.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
THE WEEKS CONCERT
PROGRAMMES.
SUNDAY

Concert by the Symphony Society,
assisted by Pablo Casals, violoncello,
and Merle Alcock, contralto, at Aeolian
Hall, in the afternoon at 3 o'clock:
Symphony in minor. Unfinished" Schubert
Concerto Tor violonceIlo IN y minor. ...... .Lsls
Psbio Casals
Excerpts from the Incidental music FOR 'Iphi-
f.ma ia Aulis .--..-.--..-. walter Damroseb
Prologue
Entrance Of the Maidens o. Chaleis; dance.
Achilles Racing the Chariot; melodrsnss
,al Hymn 70 Artemls bl Iphigenia's
Farewell fviOlOnceilO solol. Pablo Cssals.
and tcl Tie Miracle and the Battle Song
u the Greeks new. first time IN New York..
Second concert of the Peoples Sym
phony Society, at Carnegie Hall, in the
afternoon at o'clock; a programme Of
Wagner's music;
Aria from Henri
Kathleen Howard.
Overture .................." Irving Dutchmsn"
kathleen Howard
Alfred Greenfield.
Miss Beatrice Harrison, 'cellist, will
play at to-night's opera concert in
the Metropolitan Opera House Saint
Saenss concerto in A minor and a
group of solos by Fritz Kreisler
Rimsky Korsakow and Pepper. Nine.
Marie Rappold will sing the Bach
Gounod ave Maria" and a group of
songs. Mr.. Johannes Sembach will sing
the Prize Song from "Die Meistersin-
ger" and go Paradise" from "L'Afri-
caine." The orchestra. under the direc-
ton Of Mr.. Adolf Rothmeyer, will play
the "Oberon" Overture, Grieg's peer
Gynt" Suite and LISTS Hungarian
Rhapsody No. 2.
John Mccormack will give a benefit
concert this afternoon at the New York
Hippodronc in aid of the building
fund OF the Knights Of Columbus His
programme will include Finale, third
act. LeOncavallo's "Boheme"; "Aubade"
from Lalo's "Le Roi d'ys"; Singers
Consolation" Schumann); ave Maria"
Schubert); "Serenade" (Tschaikows-
kyl; "The Old Refrain" (Kreisler);
"The Trumpeter" Dix, a number
written by his accompanist and four
Irish folk songs. Mr. Mccormack vii
be assisted by Donald McBeath, violin
list. and Edwin Schneider win be at the
piano.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

aida" at the Saturday matinee
(Christmas), with Mines. Destinn.
Matzensuer and Sparkes. and Messrs.
Martinelli. Scott, Scott, Rossi and
Bada, Mr. Polacco conducting.
The Barber Of Seville" will be sung
on Christmas night at the Brooklyn
Academy of Music. with Mines. Hem
pei and Messrs. Damacco. De Lucs.
Didur, Malatests, Reschglian and Au-
disio. Mr.. Bavagnoli will conduct.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

-. mise Of wineglasses rubbed
IN wet fingers calls up some oiu
.rories and still older sPeeurIA ltt.
M. ANYBODY who reads Inc I,
r.'~s,,ber professor U kearooh any aIi
y. ,s.Tumbleronicon"? 1t must De Pea al
~ ,ortv-hve years ago that the ILG
$3.50 =. used 10 entertain theatre Auui.
N he.Ueen the acts OF melodIahSO'S
thees ~ ve remember Alright, he had
p .A!s' manners Of producing has mus
ny w ...,rss-with soft-headed drumstilc,,k,s'
ca Va how and moistened fingers. ne
49, S'i PRODUCED by the last method were
0aes swav the most delightful ana
Ist o." Int the response was sluggish
t'ne.,-I siow melodies could be played
nho V oip sordon's "Tumbleronlcon' was
pu1 -oversion 20 a primitive type
melsIs - ;1strunent with whose his
49, several great names are assoelS 'eH.
1919, Franklin spent some OF ms
..r.;ye ingenuity in improving what
tn'IL; 5sv we're called the Musical
ni.ssss also the Harmonica, CLASSY
T.sJ -Harmonica and Armon-
I. seems from some invesuga-
Vs., ~, r,sde by Mr.. o. G. Sonneck In ms
....SS.. S on Francis Hopkinson, that
~. S,st American poet composer, pa.
..i., I'D signer Of the Declaration OF
I.S,nsndence also had hand in Frank
~ invsntion and tried to increase its
.E.;.nev by applying a keyboard TO H.
-, paris in December, 1856, Thomas
f,Ss-son wrote to Hopkinson: Il am
very much pleased with your proJect
on the Harmonics and the prospect OF
vour succeeding in the apPncaton OF
kew, 20 IL. II will be the greatest
present which has been made 70 the Iiu-
si,sl world this century, not excepting
N, rano-forte. II its tone approaches
tts, riven by the finger as nearly only
a. the harpsichord does that OF the
b,rn, Il will be very valuable" The Mu-
,esl Glasses were not despised as
mere curiosity or playthirc p cen
tury ard a half ago On the cor'rary,
Beethoven did not hesitate 20 write
piece Of incidental music for 10 IN the
rlay "Leonora Prohaska.' SIR George
Grove. IN his Dictionary Of Music and
Musicians" SAYS: "Gluck, when In
England. PLAYED at the Little Theatre
IN the Hsymarket,' April %, 1746, a
concerto on twenty-six drinking glasses
tunsd with spring water, accompanied
with the whole band. being q new in
strument OF his own invention, upon
which he performs whatever may be
done on a violin or harpsichord.' This,
continues Sir George, cor some other
circumstance made the instrument fash
enable. for. fifteen years later. IN lFol,
Goldsmith's fine ladies' in the Vicar OF
Wakefield who confined their CONVEX
sstion 10 the most fashionable topics,
would talk Of nothing but high life and
high-lived company pictures,
taste. Shakespeare and the musical
glasses"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
Christmas Week Songs,
Singers and Recitals

Recas music world numerous this week as
Chrmaside brings with peace that passes
even into the papatng of the artists Yet the
week is bv no means lacking attractions and any musical
hunger that NAV exist can be admirably satisfied
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

George Barrere, Harold Bauer and
the Little Symphony" provide the pro-
gramme for the second concert OF the
Friends OF Music at the Ritz-Carlton
this afternoon at 4 o'clock. The open
ing number is Beethoven's Quintet in
f fat, Op. Is, for pianoforte. oboe. clsr-
met, bassoon and horn. After Bach's
first sonata for pianoforte and flute b
minor played by Mr.. Bauer and Mr..
Barrere, the programme closes with the
Brahms Serensde for small orchestra,
Op. Is.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
TUESDAY

Russian Cathedral choir concert OF
church music, folksongs and secular
songs, at Aeolian Hall, S:l6 p. m:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
WEDNESDAY.


A recital Of piauoforte music by
PaderewsN at Carnegie Hall, at 2:3O
o'clock p. M:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

In German. French and English at
Aeolan Hall:
Freudvo ind lsidvoll. Die TroInInel Eer7lh-
ret Die Ehre Gotfcs aus der Nstur. An
die Hof1uug and Der Kuss ...... Beethoven
Ia Solitaire .. saint Sans
Ia Mado.ine and Prison. ............ .. Fsure
suzor .................. Delibes
Aria. "L'Enfant prologue" ........... .Debussy
len liebe Dich. From Monte Pineio The
Princess Dein Rath ist wohl glt. Twas
on a lovely IN Juns and Drssm .Greg
The Last Word .............. Marion Bauer
Gould / Forget. ............. 1Iidore Luckstons
Laughing Song ..................Ar Arthur Hinton
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

The notion o. using wineglasses or
something similar. is very old, but II
vas Frsnkiin's invention, made about
1860 that interested musical Europe.
VI. Sonneck In his description says:
This instrument was very ingenious
.rprovemert Of the Musical Glasses.
The Improvement consisted in this,
Ia; Franklin arranged the glasses in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

Freda Hempe, as Lady Harriet, in the Metropolitan
Opera production Of Marta"
ty
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

son,a In MAJOR. OF 50 tWa'd
sfuI ........... .-.i' ~
Irnlromptu % iiZ ..-..... .--.. 7thl .'.
S0rJ. IN p minor ..-........ q. 20. -l-sA
BaI.ate in major lmprompiu ln sIalt
major MaIurka lu minur op. u. ana
? hero IN C-sharp minor .... .--... 4 ho3ln
E'ule IA major and NaLe
Caprice .......... hD"IN'.'A4 .
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

A Mi,o, Uni, rxy .......... Ksstalsky
n. plume grtss .............. Sakhn0vsiy
T,ssnd ........ Tschaik0Ussy
Chorus Of VILLAGERS toperi Prince Igor
R0rodin
huns. Observation-Disclosures. Arkhangelssy
me SIM srA IN. Noo, ... Gfefchanino-
Ti,e Sbates o. Might ............. Arkhsngsisky
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

At the Christmas service to-day, at
1880 p. m. the Harlem Choral Club.
under the direction Of W. j. Kitchener,
will sing carols and anthems. A can
die lighting service will also be held.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19
MONDAY

Violin recital by MA Schkolnik. Max
Lebling accompanist. at Aeolian Hall
this evening. beginning at S:15 o'clock:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

Hanna Wolfe at the Princess Theatre
in the afternoon, beginning at $3.50
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

At the next Thursday evening concert
of the Boston Symphony Orchestra IN
Carnegie Hall. on January 8, Ernest
Seedlings new Symphonic Variations
will be played. with Mr.. Schelling as
pianist. These will have their first pub
lie performance in Boston the proceed
ing Friday and Saturday. The piano is
an integral part Of the work, and the
various leading instruments OF the
orchestra are employed much as solo
lists.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

A general meeting Of the American
Guild Of 0rganists will be held at the
Hotel McAlpin on Thursday evening,
December 80, at o'clock, at which i'm
portant matters will be discussed by
the guild at large. A large attendance
is expected.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

Kathleen Parlow. the Canadian vio-
linist. who returns for her fourth
American tour next week, will give a
recital in Aeolian Hall, Wednesday
afternoon, January 5.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

with annual visits 10 cities south OF
New York and rehearsals of new works
to come the Philharmonic Society Of
New York will not be heard in this city
during the ensuing two weeks. The
next concert. which will be the first OF
the new year. will be given at the or
chestra's home in Carnegie Hall on
Sunday afternoon, January 2. On that
occasion an all-Wagner programme, the
first OF the present season, is an
nounced by Mr.. Stransky.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

Twenty-one works by Frederic Cho-
pin will be played by Ossip Gabrilo-
witsch at his fourth subscription con-
cert in Aeolian Hall, on Tuesday after
noon, December %. There will be the
Ballade in A fat major, OPP. AZ, Etudes
in E major, Op. 10. No. major, 0p:
10, No. 8, sharp minor, Op. %, No.
7, and major. OPP. 10, No. Z: the
Sonata in fiat minor, Op. 35: Twelve
Preldes, Op. %; the Nocturne in G.
major, Op. 81. No. 3; Mazurka in Is
minor, Op. 33. No. Z: and Polonaise
in A fiat major, Op. SO.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

There. is interest in the joint ap-
pearance OF Pablo Casals, the Spanish
'cellist, and his wife. Susan Metcalfe-
Casals, soprano, in Aeolian Hall, Sat
urday afternoon, January 8. This will
mark Mrs Casals's first appearance in
America in several seasons. His next
appearance in New York with Harold
Bauer is scheduled for Tuesday after
noon, January Is.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

Kitty Cheatham's holiday recitals
will be given, as usual, at the Lyceum
Theatre, on Monday afternoons, De-
cember q and January az o'clock.
On the first programme the children's
songs from Gabriel Pierne's Children
at Bethlehem" will be heard. Christ
mas songs and legends of France, Swe-
den and Germany; a group of folk
songs OF England, Scotland, Holland,
Russia and Japan, four children's
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

Nine. Lii Petschnikoff, violinist, will
have the assistance of Clare Clemens
Gabrilowitsch. contralto, and Rudolph
CAM, pianist, at her concert In Aeolian
Hall on Monday afternoon, January 3:
Nine. Petschnikoff will play works OF
Brahms, Saint-Saens, Raft and Wien
iawski, while with Mr.. CAM she will
give the Beethoven Sonata in A major,
0p. AZ. Nine. Gabrilowitsch will sing
Brahms group, with Maurice Eisner at
the piano.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

The Bohemians, New York Musicians
Club, of which Franz Kneisel is presi-
dent, will give dinner for Nischa FL
man, on January 8, at Delmonico's, to
be followed by a musical programme.
Rubin Goldmark will act as toastmas-
ter. Three hundred covers will be laid.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

This Young Mems Symphony orches-
ira, under the direction of Arnold
Volpe, announces two subscription
concerts to be given in Aeolisn Hall on
Sunday afternoons. January is and
April 80.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-19

At his second piano recital in Aeolian
Hall. Sunday afternoon. December 20
Harold Bauer will play Bsch's Italian
Concerto, the Schumann hrelsleriana,
the Beethoven Sonata in fat, Op. 100;
Chopin group. including the I'M
promptu in F sharp, Polonaise in + nat
minor, Nocturne in major and Prei-
ude in F sharp minor, and Lists
Mephisto Waltz.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-29
MR.. ALIENS PLATFORM.

State Senator Joseph Allen, OF Pc
cahontas, is an avowed candidate for
governor in 1916. In an address be.
fore the Des Moines Chamber of
Commerce he SHE'D his hat into the
ring and stated his position on vari-
Gus questions. There will probably
be other candidates for gubernatorial
honors before the primaries roll
around, and if there are, they will do
some deep thinking to find any
planks for their platform which have
not already been monOpolized BY Mr..
Allen. Here is an outline OF what
he proposes to do if elected, and the
list is subject to additions without
notice:
Business administration for the
state; adoption OF the budget system
and other recommendations OF the
retrenchment and reform committee.
Safety appliances, workmen's conf
pensation, prison reform and child la
Dor laws; recognition of the value of
child welfare research work; improve
ment in the standard OF education.
Retention of the highway commits
sion road law until 1916, then action
by the legislature as conditions seem
to require.
Changing conditions in the live
stock trade so that producers would
get a square deal in marketing their
product.
Passage OF any laws tending to
encourage ownership of the home.
Encouragement toward cutting of
Iowa land into smaller farms.
Encouragement of the Greater
Iowa movement.
Encouragement of manufacturing.
Physical valuation of railroads
within the state, the appropriation OF
100000 for use by the railroad, com
mission to that end, and revision of
railroad taxes.
Public supervision of expenditures
of funds realized by the railroads by
rate advances.
"A policy of rigid enforcement of
laws, both good and bad.
Statutory prohibition for Iowa.
Equal suffrage"
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-29
"sToP coppLINe cRIMINAL 81

In a recent speech in Chicago,
Judge Marcus Kavanagh, struck a
body blow at theories long held and
practice by Warden Saunders of the
State Penitentiary at Fort Madison.
'"The average criminal is far from
being the mental defective pictured
by the present psychopathic criminoL
ogist." said Judge Kayanaugh III Il.
We are being taught that crimes
are the result OF mental defects and
consequently that God alone is to
blame and the theory of punishment
is wrong" he said. THE effect OF this
is to destroy the sense OF personal re-
sponsibility.
1T would be difficult to find body
of men and women possessed OF minds
more active and intelligent than those
housed in the County Jail. The fact is
these persons are lazy and selfish, but
not defective mentally.
1t Is true the criminal Ia uneducat-
ed because education requires work
and hard work. The most convincing
evidence OF good character is the cal
The Oskaloosa herald., 1915-04-29
SAVING A EEw MILLIONS.

| Marshalltown Times Republican:
Crawford county has pointed the way
Ito getting results under the highway
commission law when her supervisors
let contracts for concrete bridges at
49, 90 per cubic yard as compared to
! SIS under the old system ana have
contracted for county roads being put
to grade at 1873 cents per cubic yard
of earth moved Under the former sys-
TEN bridge contractors drew their own
plan and by a gentlemen's agreement
the bids ran higher. Under the pres
ent plan every county has an engineer
whose plans for bridges are approved,
corrected and standardized by the
state engineers and contractors bid
on the same kind of bridges that they
have been building in other counties.
III anybody gets too strong as to price
the state engineers know 1t for they
are in a position to know what other
contractors have bid on the same
bridge in other counties. Millions OF
dollars in bridge values are thus saw
ed to the tax payers of the state.
Likewise in road improvements GER
tain roads have been permanently DIES
ignated as county roads. They are the
main travelled roads and when grad
ing is done now il is done to a perma-
nent grade established by an engin-
eer and recorded on blue print in
the engineers Office. Supervisors may
come and supervisors may go but the
road grade remains forever. No more
win one set of supervisors build up
hill only to have the next admins
tration pull it down again. Nor VIII
the grading of road be the occasion
for a neighborhood picnic. Contract,
ors with mules trained to pull in the
ditch, with machinery designed for
the purpose and with gang bosses who
know how to move dirt economically,
bid against one another for the worn
1t is safe 4 to estimate that not only
are our bridges costing us half OF the
former price per cubic yard under the
present law but our road grading is
being contracted at nearly half the
cost of work by county teams or local
teams. And this cost will go lower yet
as contractors become equipped for
county road work as they are for rail-
road work Counties in Iowa are spend
ing $l1,00O,O0O annually for road and
bridge work and a saving of 40 to so
per cent In any part of it easily runs
into millions for the tax payer. The
highway commission estimated last
year that ninety-nine counties OBJ
tanned for $11,O00,0OO spent at least
81, 900 900 more than could have been
obtained for the same money under
the old plan of building without CO.
operation between the counties and
without supervision by engineers who
knew as much as the contractors did
about the business.