Evening star., 1915-07-04

odS OF eggs ana catefplliarS ano py tue
Importation and liberation of their nat
| ural enemies.
| But though this work has been ex-
ceedtngly valuable in retarding the
spread of the pests, the infested area
| has slowly enlarged and promises to
grow steadily unless conditions are
changed. Therefore the bureau of en-
tomology and the forest service. which
| in recent years have been cooperating
in the study of the situation. have
can be done is to make over the for
ests of the section, getting rid Of the
\ kinds of trees that furnish favorable
| food for the caterpillars and retaining
exist.
! 1t Is just here that the factories and
also the states of the infested region
| become important considerations. Max
Is big proposition and calls for some
sort of cooperation among thousands
Of property owners. The average wood
| land owner. it has been found. is likely
tion that he clean out certain kinds of
forest growth. however plainly the need
can be shown on the basis Of community
welfare. If he can be shown that he
will make money by the change, how
ever, he is likely to take kindly to the
suggestion. So the state of Massachu-
setts. basing it's action on tho facts
brought out by the federal work and
the similar work of its own experts, is
showing the money side of the picture
to its citizens and at the same time is
| helping them to collect the cash.
The leaves Of the hard woods, es-
| pecially the oaks, are the favorite food
| Of the caterpillars Of the gypsy moth,
| while the needles of the pines cannot
| be consumed by the insects in their
early stages. Where the growth of
pine is pure or almost pure. therefore,
| the caterpillars cannot survive.
| The white pine. 1t happens also. is
| the most valuable of the common New
| England woods. The problem. there
| fore. is largely to rid the section of
that are favored foods Of the caterpil-
| lars and to bring the forest growth
more nearly to pure stand Of pines.
| Fruit and shade trees can be preserved
! by spraying.
To bring about the desirable change
in forest growth. Massachusetts, is
! offering to furnish experts to super
wise the cutting of trees subject to
attack and to find a market for the
! cut wood. The owner, under the plan,
pockets the proceeds. pays the reason
able bill for labor, and secures a stand
Of timber in better shape than before
the operations. The planting Of addi-
| tional pines is also being encouraged.
being found largely in furniture fac
| tories and wood distillation plants. and
numerous Massachusetts communities
| are fostering campaigns for the estab-
| lfshment of such factories.
| Work similar to that of Massachu-
setts Is spreading to the other states
| infested by the moths and it Is be-
| lieved by the federal insect and tree
| experts that this method of attacking
| the problem will come to be generally
continue favorable the transition to
| forests practically free from moths can
| be accomplished in from ten to twenty
years. 1t is estimated.
| In 1914 alone the entomologists in
| charge of the quarantine work dis
| covered over 1.400 specimens of gypsy
! and brown-tailed moths on forest
products that were to be shipped over
| areas ranging from Florida to Oregon.
| During the same year the spread of the
| pests was retarded by the destruction
| by scouts of the bureau Of entomology
| Of hundreds of thousands of egg
| clusters of the moths along the outer
| border of infestation.
| + X
Made in the United States" might in
| all truth be stamped on the coins of
! nearly dozen
4atln American of the countries
co;n. Mod. u.-. of Latin America
| in which a shop
per would try In vain to buy merchan-
disc bearing that slogan. For though
the United States does not ship great
amounts Of goods to the countries be-
tween the Rio Grande river and Cape
Horn, it does supply them with a large
part of their money; and this, in spite
of the Spanish phrases and foreign en-
blems that it bears, is the product of
Uncle Sans own mints
The United States government, un-
known to many Of it's citizens, who can
hardly be expected to know all of its
| statutes by heart, was authorized by
law more than forty years ago to en-
| gage in the business of minting money
for foreign countries. Under this au-
| thoriZatton the government has turned
| out millions of foreign coins in its big
money-making establishments.
Just now. according to Robert w
| Woolley. director of the mint, the bulk
| of the work being done in the mints
Is either under contract for one of our
neighbors to the south, or for the
Philippines, our foster government
across the Pacific. Aside from the mere
matter of the demand of these coun-
tries for minting services. the con-
| centratfon on foreign work at this time
arises from the fact-however strange
it may appear to the average man OF
woman-that we now have more money
than we need in circulation in the Unit
ed States. This is indicated by the
| fact that there are on deposit in the
| treasures and subtreasuries approx
! mately $26.0O0.000 in subsidiary silver
coins. pieces of less value than one
| dollar. Such coins are minted solely
for use in circulation, and are not or
| dinarily held as stocks. like silver dol
| lars, against which paper certificates
! are issued.
The minting work for foreign coun-
| tries now under way in the United
States is being done at Philadelphia
Rica. The San Francisco mint is at
work chiefly on Philippine coinage.
Only at the Denver mint is domestic
work solely under way, and there only
nickels and one-cent pieces are bing
turned out.
Since the authorization to coin money
| for foreign countries was given to the
mints by Congress in January. 1874.
more than 100.000,000 pieces of gold,
| silver and baser metals have been
minted for countries in North, South
and Central America and the West
! nexation.
All foreign minting by the United
States Is done at a price that just COW
ers the cost. There are two reasons
for the government engaging in the
business: it puts this country in a po-
| sition to do neighborly acts and 1t al
| lows US to keep our coming equipment
| and force of operatives busy during
! periods when it would otherwise be
necessary to suspend operations. The