davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1915-12-07

into conspirucles against the neutrality
OF the government, they have sought /
to pry into every confidential trans !
action OF the government In order 20
serve interests alien TO our own. 1t is
possible 20 deal with these things very
enectually. need not suggest the
terms In which they may be dealt with.
l wish that It could be said that only
u few men. misled by mistaken senti-
ments Of allegiance 10 the governments
under which they We're born, had been
guilty OF disturbing the self possession
and misrepresentng the temper and
principles Of the country during these
days Of terrible war, when It would
seem that every man who was truly an
American would instincuvely make II
his duty and his pride TO keep the
scales OF Judgment even and prove him
self a partisan Of no nation but his
own. But II cannot. There are some
men among us and many resident
abroad who, though born and bred in
the United States and calling them
selves Americans. have 50 forgotten
themselves and their honor as citizens
as TO put their passionate sympathy
with one or the other side In the great
European conflict above their regard
for the peace and dignity Of the United
States. They also preach aud practice
disloyalty. No laws. ] suppose, can
reach corruptions Of the min and
heart but l should not speak OF Others
without also speaking OF these aud ex.
pressing the even deeper humiliation
and scon which every self possessed
ami thoughtfully patriotic American
must feel when he thinks Of them and
OF the discredit they are daily bringing
upon us.
What Is more important Is that tho
Industries and resources Of the country
should be available and ready for
mobilization Il Is the more impera-
lively necessary. therefore, that we
should promptly devise means for do
ing what we haye not yet done-that
we should give intelligent federal aid
and stimulation to industrial and voca-
tional education. as Wy have long done
IN the lhlNr htih OA 0Nl uhAA'NlAAAHi 90
industry; that at the same time that
We safeguard and conserve the natural
resources OF the country we should
put them at the disposal Of those who
win use them promptly and intellI
gently. as was sought TO be done II
the admirable bills submitted to thl
last congress from It's committees ol
the public lands. bills which ] earnest
!, Is recommend I'm principle TO your col
siderntion. that we should put int
carly operation some provision 4
: rural credits which viii add to the e
tensive borrowing facilities alrea'
Afforded the farmer BY the reser'
bank act adequate instrumentnliti
by which long credits may be obtain'
on land mortgages and that we shou
study more carefully than they ha'
hitherto been studied the right adapt
ton OF our economic arrangements
changing conditions.
Many conditions about which "
have repeatedly lcgislated are helm
altered from decade TO decade. Il
Evening journal., 1915-12-07
REGULATIONS TO MEET
RAILROAD PR0BLEl.L
Needed to Make Lines More Useful
Servants Of Country.

Needed TO Make Lines More Ouete'
Servants Of Country.
In the meantime may I make thiA
suggestion? The transportation prob
lem is an exceedingly serious and
pressing one IN this country. There
has from time TO time OF late been rea-
son TO fear that our railroads would
not much longer be able TO cope with
Il successfully. as at present equipped
and co-ordmated. suggest that II
would be wise 10 provide for a COM
mission Of inquiry TO ascertain BY
thorough canvass OF the whole ques'
ton whether our laws as at present
framed and administered are 40 serv.
iceable as they might be In the solu-
tlon of the problem. IL Is obviously
a problem that lies at the ve.y foun-
dation OF our efficiency as a people.
such an inquiry ought to draw OUT
every circumstance and opinion worth
considering. and We need to know
all sides Of the matter II we mean to
do anything in the field OF federal leg
islaton.
No one. ! am sure. would wish 20
take any backward steD. The regula
ton OF the railways OF the country by
federal commission has had admirable
results and has fully justified the
hopes and expectations Of those by
whom the policy Of regulation was
originally proposed. The question IS
not, What should we undo? II is
whether there is anything else we can
do that would supply US with effective
means. In the very process Of regu-
latlon, FOR bettering the conditions un-
der which the railroads arc operated
and for making them more useful serv-
ants OF the country as a whole. Il
seems 70 me that It might be the part
OF wisdom. therefore. before further
legislation In this field is attempted.
TO look at the whole problem Of co-or-
dination and efficiency In the full light
OF fresh assessment OF circumstance
and opinion. as q guide to dealing with
the several parts OF II.
For what we are seeking now. what
! IN my mind is the single thought Of
this message. is national efficiency ans
y security. We serve a great nation
We should serve it In the spirit Of a.
peculiar genius. It Is the genius o.
common men for self government, IN
dustry. justice. liberty and peace. We
should see to It that it lacks no in
+ strument. no facility OF vigor Of law.
to make II sufficient to play its part
with energy safety and assured suc7
cess In this we are no partlsans but
heralds and prophets ~ new age
Evening journal., 1915-12-07

clude the usual deficiency estimates In
1917, and these additions would make
a total deficit OF some S297, 100000 III
the present taxes should be continued
throughout this year and the next,
however there would be a balance in
the treasury Of some S76,o00,00o nt
the end OF the present fiscal year and
a deficit at the end of the next year Of
only some $4,000, 600. or, reckoning IN
s62.o00,00o for deficiency appropria-
tions and safe treasury balance At
the end of the year, total deficit of
some Sli2000.O00. The obvious moral
Of the figures Is that II is plain coun-
sci OF prudence 20 continue all OF the
present taxes or their equivalents and
connne ourselves TO the problem OF
providing S112.O0O,OOo Of new revenue
rather than S207OO0.OoO.
How shall we obtain the new rev
enueg We are frequently reminded
that there are many millions Of bonds
which the treasury Is authorized under
existing law TO sell 10 reimburse the
sums paid out OF current revenues for
the construction of the Panama canal,
and 4 Is true that bonds for the
amount OF 22432.OOO are now avail
able for that purpose. Prior to 1918
Sl3SOOO,OOO Of these bonds had ac-
tually been sold 10 recoup the expendi-
lures at the isthmus, and now con-
stitute a considerable item Of the pub
lie debt But l for one do not believe
that the people Of this country approve
OF postponing the payment OF their
bills. Borrowing money Is shortsight.
ed finance 1t can be justified only
when permanent things ure TO be nc.
complished which many generations
viii certainly benefit by and which Il
seems hardly fair that a single genera.
tlon should pay for. The objects wa
are now proposing 20 spend money foT
cannot be 80 classified. except in the
sense that everything wisely done may
be said TO be done in the interest OF
posterity as well as in our own. II
seems 10 me n clear dictate OF pru
dent craftsmanship and frank finance
that in what we are now, ] hope, about
70 undertake we should pay as we go
I The people of the country are entitled
/ 10 know just what burdens OF taxation
they are 10 carry and 90 know from th'
outset now. The new bills should bl
paid by internal taxation.
Evening journal., 1915-12-07
SUGGESTS BROAD PLAN
FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE.
Increase Standing Regular Force-Four
Hundred Thousand Citizen Soldiers


But war has never been a mere mat
ter Of men and guns. Il is a thing
OF disciplined might II our citizens
are ever to fight effectively upon a
sudden summons, they must know
how modern fighting is done, and what
to do when the summons comes to
render themselves Immediately avail
able and Immediately effective. And
the government must be their servant
in this matter must supply them with
the training they need to take care OF
themselves and OF it, The military
arm of their government, which they
will not allow to direct them, they may
properly use to serve them and make
their independence secure, and not
their own independence merely. but
the rights also Of those with whom
they have made common cause. should
they also be put in jeopardy. They
must be fitted to play the great role
in the world. and particularly in this
hemisphere for which they are quail
fed by principle and by chastened am
bition to play.
It is with these ideals in mind that
the plans OF the department OF war for
more adequate national defense were
conceived which VIII be laid before
you. and which ] urge you TO sanction
and put into effect as soon as they can
be properly scrutinized and discussed.
They seem 10 me the essential first
steps. and they seem 10 me for the
present sufficient
They contemplate an increase Of the
standing force OF the regular army
from its present strength Of 5.023 off,
GERS and 102,9s5 enlisted men OF all
services TO a strength OF 7,136 officers
and 134TO7 enlisted men. or 141,s4a
all told. all services, rank and file. by
the addition Of fifty-two companies OF
coast artillery. fifteen companies Of en-
gineers. ten regiments Of infantry, -four
regiments of field artillery and -four
aero squadrons. besides 750 officers re
quired for great variety Of extra
service. especially the all important
duty OF training the citizen force Of
which I shall presently speak. T92 non
commissioned officers for service II
drill. recruiting and the like and th'
/ necessary quota Of enlisted men fol
The quarteflnaster corps. the hospita
corps. the ordnance department an,
sther similar AUXILIARY services. Thosl
Evening journal., 1915-12-07

OF individual liberty and of the free
labor that supports life and the un-
censored thought that quickens it.
Conquest and dominion are not in our
reckoning OF agreeable 10 our princi-
pies. But just because we demand un-
molested development and the undis-
turbed government Of our own lives
upon our own principles OF right and
liberty, we resent, from whatever
quarter 1t may come, the aggression we
ourselves will not practice. We insist
upon security in prosecuting our self
chosen lines Of national development.
We do more than that. We demand It
also for others. We do not confine our
enthusiasm for individual liberty and
free national development 70 the incl
dents and movements of affairs which
affect only ourselves. We feel It wher-
ever there is a people that tries to walk
in these difficult paths OF independence
and right From the first we have
made common cause with all partisans
Of liberty on this side the sea and have
deemed 1t as important that our neigh
bors should be free from all outside
domination as that we ourselves should
be; have set America aside as a whole
for the uses Of Independent nations and
political freemen.
Out Of such thoughts grow all our
policies. We regard war merely as a
means of asserting the rights Of peo-
pie against aggression. And we are
as fiercely jealous Of coercive or dicta-
torial power within our own nation
as of aggression from without. We
VIII not maintain a standing army ex-
cept for uses which are as necessary
l.. u.
Evening journal., 1915-12-07
MESSAGE
Declares That if Full Navy Pro-
gram Is Carried Out We viii
Have a Fleet For Defense That
Win Be Fitted to Our Needs
and Worthy Of Our Traditions" :"
Greatest Danger to Country
Comes From Within Our Bor-
ders.

are the additions necessary 10 render
the army adequate FOR It's present du-
ties, duties which 1t has to perform
not only upon our own continental
coasts and borders and at our interior
army posts, but also in the Philippines,
IN the Hawaiian Islands. at the 18TH
mus and in Porto Rico.
BY way Of making the country ready
to assert some part Of Its real power
promptly and upon larger scale
should occasion arise the plan also
contemplates supplementlng the army
by force OF 100000 disciplined eiti-
zens, raised In increments Of 10000 &
year throughout a period OF three
years. This It is proposed to do by a
process Of enlistment Under which the
serviceable men Of the country would
be asked to bind themselves to serve
with the colors for purposes of train
ing for short periods throughout three
years and 70 come TO the colors at call
at any time throughout an additional
"furlough" period Of three years. This
force OF 100000 men would be pro-
yided with personal accouterments as
fast as enlisted and their equipment
for the field made ready 20 be supplied
at any time. They would be assem-
bled for training at stated intervals at
convenient places in association with
suitable units Of the regular army.
Their period of annual training would
not necessarily exceed two months in
the year.
The president says II is up TO the
patriotic young men Of the country tC
respond TO this call.
Evening journal., 1915-12-07
SHOULD AGREE ON POLICY
IN THE PHILIPPINES.
Recommends Early Adoption Of Meas
Ures Giving Them Fuller Justies.

AN~~NHHfHfHN"f~"
Ures Giving Them Fuller Justice.
The president recommends the early
adoption of bills for the alteration and
reform Of the government of the Phil
ippines and FOR rendering fuller polit-
ical justice to the people Of Porto Rico,
which were submitted to the Sixty
third congress. The president refers
TO the increased cost OF carrying out
the plans for the armed forces OF the
nation and tells OF the fiscal problems
confronting the government
On the 30th of June last there was
an available balance In the general
fund Of the treasury OF S1O4, ITO, 105.7S.
The total estimated receipts for the
year 1916 on the assumption that tie
emergency revenue measure passed by
the last congress viii not be extended
beyond its present limit, the 31st OF
December, 1915, and that the present
duty Of cent per pound on sugar win
be discontinued after the 1st Of May,
1916, VIII be S67O. O.365,5O0 The balance
OF June last and f,se estimated rev
enues come therefore to grand total
Of 4,535. .605.7S. The total estimated
disbursements for the present fiscal
year, including twenty-five millions for
the Panama canal, twelve millions for
probable deficiency appropriations and
$4,000 for miscellaneous debt redemp-
tions win be S753, sol 900. and the bal
ance in the general fund of the treas
ury win be reduced 10 S20644. .605.7S.
The emergency revenue net II cOntin-
ued beyond its present time limitation
would produce during the half year
then remaining about forty-one mil
lions The duty Of ] cent per pound
on sugar II continued would produce
during the two months Of the fiscal
year remaining after the 1st OF May
about fifteen millions. These two sums
amounting together to fifty-six mil
lions. il added 10 the revenues Of the
second half Of the fiscal year would
yield the treasury at the end Of the
year an available balance Of S7e.644.
COSTS
The additional revenues required h
+ carry out the program Of military anS
naval preparation Of which l hav'
spoken would. as at present estimated
be for the fiscal year 1917 s93.s0o.OO0
Those figures. taken with the figure
for the present fiscal year which
have already given. disclose our inan
cial problem for the year 1917 As
suming that the taxes imposed by thu
emergency revenue act and the pres
ent duty on sugar are to be discontin
ued and that the balance at the clos'
OF the present fiscal year will be only
500. .G05.Ts. that the disbursements
for the Panama canal will again be
about s25.O0O.OOO and that the add
tionaI expenditures. for the army and
navy are authorized by the congress
the deficit In the general fund OF the
treasury on the Both OF June, 1917
viii be nearly S235.O0O.O0O. To this
sum-st least S5o.oo0o0o should be add
ed TO represent a safe working balance
for the treasury and s12oo0Ooo 70 In
Evening journal., 1915-12-07
PAN-AMERICANISM HAS
NONE OF EMPIRES SPIRIT.
Economic Adjustments Inevitable Wfth-
in the Next Generation.

in the Next Generation.
The moral is that the states of Amer
lea are not hostile rivals, but coop
Grating friends, and that their grow
ing sense OF community Of interest,
alike in matters political and in mat
tiers economic. is likely TO give them a
new significance as factors in interna-
tional affairs and in the political his
tory Of the world. 1t presents them as
in very deep and true sense unit
In world affairs, spiritual partners,
standing together because thinking to-
gether. quick with common sympathies
and common ideals. Separated. they
are subject to all the cross currents OF
the confused politics Of world OF hos
tile rivalries; united in spirit and pur-
pose. they cannot be disappointed OF
their peaceful destiny.
This is pan-Americanism. II has none
Of the spirit OF empire in it. It Is the
embodiment. the effectual embodiment.
OF the spirit OF law and independence
and liberty and mutual service.
The president calls attention to the
meeting in Washington recently OF
representatives OF the pan-American
republics and says that economic ad-
justment is Inevitable in the next gen
Grafton.
No one who really comprehends the
spirit Of the great people for whom we
are appointed TO speak can fail to per
ceive that their passion is for peace
their genius best displayed in the prac-
tice az the arts OF peace Great democ-
racies are not helligerent They do not
seek or desire war Their thought Is
Evening journal., 1915-12-07

evident. under our very eyes and are
likely TO change even more rapidly
and more radically In the days lmme
diately ahead OF us when peace has
returned 10 the world and the nations
OF Europe once more take up theft
tasks OF commerce and industry with
the energy OF those who must bestil
themselves to build anew.
Evening journal., 1915-12-07

OALO W 14NI ~ tuc mcrco6N -
President Wilson delivered at q
joint session Of the senate and
house at the beginning OF the
Sixty-fourth congress;
Gentlemen Of the Congress-Since l
last had the privilege Of addressing
you on the state Of the Union the war
OF nations on the other side OF the sea,
which had then only begun to disclose
its portentous proportions, has extend
ed its threatening and sinister scope
until II has swept within its fame
some portion of every quarter Of the
globe, not excepting our own hemi-
sphere, has altered the whole face OF
international affairs, and now presents
a prospect OF reorganization and ~
construction such as statesmen and
peoples have never been called upon
TO attempt before.
The president tells how this country
practiced neutrality and declares that
he hopes that when the time comes
for readjustment and recuperation this
country win be of infinite service. Re
ferring to Central and South American
problems, the president declares that
we should retain unabated the spirit
which has inspired us throughout the
whole life Of our government and
which was so frankly put into words
by President Monroe.
We have been put to the test in tho
case Of Mexico, and we have stood the
test Whether we have benefited Mex
leo by the course we have pursued re-
mains TO be seen Her fortunes are In
her own hands. But we have at least
proved that we will not take advan-
tage of her in her distress and under
take to impose upon her an order and
government OF our own choosing Lib
erty is often a fierce and intractable
thing. 10 which no bounds can be set
and to which no bounds. Of few
mems choosing ought ever to be set.
Every American who has drunk al
the true fountains Of principle and ira
dition must subscribe without reserva.
ton to the high doctrine Of the Nir.
ginia bill Of rights. which IN the great
days in which our government was SET
up was everywhere among US accent
ed as the creed Of free men. That doc
trine is. THAT government Is or ought
TO be instituted for the common bene-
At. protection and security of the peo-
pie. nation or community" that 'oi
all the various modes and forms OF
government, that is the best which is
capable OF producing the greatest de
gree of happiness and safety and Is
most enectually secured against the
danger Of maladministration, and that
when any government shall be found
inadequate or contrary 70 these pur
poses majority of the community
hath an indubitable. inalienable anc
indefeasible right to reform, alter o.
abolish it in such manner as shall b'
judged most conducive TO the public
veal" We have unhesitatingly ap
piled that heroic principle to the cas-
of Mexico and now hopefully awai
the rebirth OF the troubled republic
which had 70 much OF which 10 purg
itself and so little sympathy from an.
outside quarter in the radical but nee
essary process. We will aid and be
friend Mexico, but we viii not coerc
her. aud our course with regard 20 he
ought to be sufficient proof TO all Amer
lea that We seek no political suzeraint,
or selfish control.
Evening journal., 1915-12-07
.PRES|DEN I
National Preparedness Main
Theme of Head Of Nation.
Submits Definite Plan to In
crease Present Standing Force
Of Regulars and For Four Hun
dred Thousand Citizen Soldiers
Raised In Increments Of One
Hundred and Thirty-thres
Thousand.

% OLLOWING is the message ot
President Wilson delivered at q
joint session Of the senate and
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1915-08-23
ODDITIES OF FUNERALS
HELD ~ JAPAN
Described by William W. Chaplin Wko
Has Extensively Explored the Far
East

The oddities OF a Japanese funeral
are described in a communication to
the National Geographic Society, at
Washington. D. c.. by VIM. W. Chaplin,
East.
First came four men, each carrying
a fiimsy artificial tree, about three
feet long, representing the lotus plant
followed by eight coolies bearing on
their shoulders two poles about is feet
long, from which hung the coffin.
When the family OF the deceased is I'M
able to bear the expense of a full
length cofin, q smaller square one is
used. the remains being placed in a
sitting position. These receptacles are
sometimes too small to receive the re-
mains without breaking the limbs.
In the present case, owing to the
aff1uent circumstances of the de-
ceased. the comm was Of full length,
its frail construction in the style of a
toy Swiss cottage. The two sides were
hung with bamboo curtains of so loose
weave as to show plainly the outline
of the occupant, who proved to be a
woman. The remains were followed
by rikiShaS containing the mourners
and friends. On reaching the audi
forum Of a nearby Buddhist temple,
the poles from which the coffin hung
extended so far into the entrance that
il was difficult to gain admittance
L ne ALTERS III these temples occupy SO
much Of the room that little is left
for the people. Spaces were assigned
us on the floor at the right where we
could sit. In front of each one stood
a tray with cigarettes and small
brazier containing a live coal to fur
nish light for the smoker.
The mourners were kneeling on the
floor at the left. Just back of the
altar enclosure stood low stand; be-
hind this sat the high priest. a large
gong at his right, and just back of
him sat two other priests with a pair
of cymbals. The service consisted of
prayers, repeated first by one and then
another, then all three in unison, with
occasional reading from scrolls, all
interspersed with strokes on the gong
and clangs OF the cymbals. During the
service the bereaved husband passed
to the front of each group of friends,
including our party, knelt facing each
group, and bowed to the floor. This
salutation was returned by all in a
similar manner. as an expression of
regard and sympathy.
Toward the close Of the service
an attendant entered, bearing an arm
full of paper boxes about the size of
a pound candy box, filed with small
cakes and coufection neatly tied. Under
the string of each box was a slip with
characters, which our guide translated
for us as follows: Many thanks for
your honorable attendance for the fu-
neral of Sem, my deceased wife, to-
day. Excuse for my expressing thanks
here instead to call at your residence
promptly. Yours respectfully, Umesuke
Saih and relative, 18th day, fourth
month. 42d year, Maji.' One of these
boxes was laid on the floor in front
Of each person, to be carried away by
him. During the early part of the
service those who felt disposed smoked
cigarettes provided in the trays, and
.partook of the tea, which was served"
The funeral described by Mr.. Chaplin
was held in Yokohama