davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31

(By 9. /. LEWIS, Horticulturist, Oregon
Experiment Station)
Inc best way to restore depleted or
chard soils and put them in the best
condition to nourish old trees is by
sowing them to cover crops. Although
young orchards flourish best under
clean cultivation, this is because the
plant food in the soils is made avail
able more rapidly. Thus it is seen
that cultivation, while it hastens the
growth of young trees in new soils,
burns out the humus and nitrogen
content, making the soils poor in
plant food and lumpy in texture AS
the age of the orchard increases the
trees show lack of nourishment by the
size and quality of their fruit, and it is
with difficulty that average crops of
fully matured fruit can be grown. 1t
is at this stage of the orchards prog
ress that cover crops are needed to
give new life to the soil.
By cover crops we mean crops which
are sown in the summer or fall and
allowed to grow during the winter to
be plowed under in the spring. They
are designed to overcome the defects
caused by tillage. The cover crops will
add organic matter which, in decay
ing, forms the humus and nitrogen.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
White Net Waists,

White net is used for lingerie
dresses this season. The washable
white net is selected. and when the
pretty frock is soiled it may be sent
to the laundress along with white dim
ity and lawn costumes. These white
net dresses are rather simply made,
with ruffied skirts, or full, gathered
skirts tucked in groups. Shirrings are
lovely in net, but they do not launder
very satisfactorily; neither do net plait-
ings; so it is best to use narrow white
lace or frilled footing as trimming
on bodice and sleeves. Snap fasten-
ers close such frock invisibly, and
usually there is a slip of accordion
plated daphne silk. or of pussy viii
low taffeta to go underneath Such
frock may be worn at a very in
formal afternoon arair-or with hand
some sash, tinted pussy willow lining
and dainty slippers-at a very formal
evening affair in summer.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
SMALL FRUITS IN
GROWING ORCHARD
Soil Should Be Fitch in Nitrogen
and Mineral EIements-Har-
vesting Is Hard Task.

Small fruits are an ideal intercrop
for the growing orchard and are very
profitable as well.
Soil requirements are similar to
that of apple trees, and with the
constant cultivation which is nee
essary for success no extra work
of this kind need be done in the or
chard. The minimum instance of in
tercrop from the young trees is four
feet.
The soil should be rich in nitrogen
and the mineral elements, and should
contain plenty of humus. The humus
in the soil is one Of the greatest aids
in maintaining abundance of moist
ure. Stable manure, with the addi-
ton of small amount of some phos-
phate fertilizer, is the best. 1t should
be applied at the rate of 5000 to
10000 pounds per acre. With the ex-
ception of a pure sandy or heavy
clay soil, small fruits will thrive on
any soil.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31

Harvesting the small-fruit crops is
usually difficult proposition. In sec
tions where there is plenty of cheap
labor, especially foreign women, this
problem is minimized
An acre of strawberries will bring
5000 quarts If taken care Of, and con-
siderably higher yields have been
known. Because of susceptibility to
frosts, strawberries are not sure
crop in some localities, but if well
mulched in the fall, as they always
should be, the blossoms can BIO held
back as much as three weeks. Use
pedigreed plants. A little observation
will show that there is a great deal
of difference in the bearing qualities
of individual plants, and this ap-
parently plays a large part in deter
mining the bearing qualities of straw
berry plants.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
NEW HYBRID CARNATIONS
BY L. M. BENNINGTON.

Thanks to the skill of the hybridist,
we now have races of lovely, fragrant,
ever-blooming carnations, dwarf and
bushy in growth, that show buds and
flowers in four or five months after
the seeds are sown.
The flowers, too, are not only borne
in abundance, but are of all the lead
ing shades of color from white
through shades of pink to dark GRIM
son, and from cream to bright yellow,
as we'll as striped and blotched.
These new carnations are as easily
grown as Japan pinks. The seeds may
be sown in box in the window dur
ing March or April, and the plants set
out where they are to bloom when the
weather becomes warm and settled.
Give them a sunny bed, and if you
Wish a fine show of flowers from each
plant, pinch off the first stem that
pushes up to bloom. This will cause
the plant to stool out, and develop sew
eral stalks, each of which will bear
a cluster of buds and flowers.
A rich, rather tenacious soil suits
the plants, and they should stand eight
inches apart in the row or bed.
For winter blooming SOW the seeds
in May or June and grow in pots, shift
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
ALL ULTRA FEMININE.
LATEST DESIGNS MINIMIZE MILL
TARY EFFECT.
Some Examples Told OF Here by a
Paris Correspondent-Deep Collar
of White plated TuIle Is
Popular Idea.

The Paquin models of the present
season are quite free from exaggera-
ton They are, almost all, pictur-
esque in outline and quantities of fine
lace, black and white. is used The
models created by this Maison are,
in fact, ultra-feminine When the mil
itary element is permitted to appear.
it is in such modified form that one
thinks only Of the woman, writes
Idalia de Villiers, Paris correspondent
Of the Boston Globe
Beer has been showing holiday
gowns in which criss-cross stripes are
very much to the front These stripes
are rather wide and the material is so
cleverly manipulated that they seem
to run round the figure at an unex-
pected angle
For example, a gown composed of
black and white and plain white silk
finished linen. The striped skirt was
short, full and plain, the stripes run
ming sideways from right hip to left
hem and so on.
There was Russian blouse coatee
pure white linen-which was band
ed in by a broad ceinture made of
black suede and on the front of the
coatee there was single large rever,
thickly embroidered with tiny beads
black, white, dull blue and crimson.
There was. a high collar of plated
white muslin and the elbow sleeves
were finished with plaitings of the
same material Another criss-cross
striped dress was expressed in rose
Dubarry pink and white, with short
coatee in Chinese blue taffeta.
The stripes ran sideways across the
figure as in the case of the black and
white skirt and the coatee fell in
straight sack lines at the back, while
the fronts were caught in by a bead
ed ceinture.
This coatee was specially smart in
outline. The full fronts pouched over
the ceinture and there were a number
of beautiful buttons on either side.
This has been, and still is, a season
Of collars. Never has neckwear been
so important or so prominent Every
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31

They improve the physical condition
of the soil and restore it to its former
state of filth, heat and moisture
In growing cover crops it is impor-
tant that they be planted not later
than the last week in August or the
first week in September 1t is equally
important that the seed be drilled in,
as it comes up more uniformly than
when broadcasted. 1t is surprising to
see how we'll the seed terminates
when drilled in, even though the
ground is very dry.
There are three classes of cover
crops, those which furnish nitrogen,
those which work up soil material into
plant foods, and those which furnish
fiber and organic matter. OF the first
class vetches and clover are most fire.
quently used as cover crops. Mus
tard, rape and cowhorn turnips are
types of the second class, while oats,
rye, ETC., are quite commonly used to
put fiber into the soils.
1t is mistake to postpone the SOW
ing of cover crops until the fruit has
been gathered. Any ordinary method
of harvesting the fruit will not seri-
ously damage the cover crop, though
some care is necessary.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
BIackberrieS.

But the real greatness of black
berry is in the eating it fresh from the
BUSH 1t does not need sugar and
cream. 1t does not need anything but
a thumb and finger and a mouth. The
mushy ones that grow big in the
shade may be improved by doctoring
but the firm ones of moderate size
that grow in the open fields are not
susceptible of improvement by human
art We knew a man, raised in the
country in middle Tennessee. who
came back from Oklahoma in his old
age just to fill himself once more wit b
blackberries as they grow Nobody
who knows what real blackberries are
would think him foolish. A man
might almost come back from para
disc for a feast like that
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
PRESERVED In GLACIER
GRASSHOPPERS ENTOMBED IN
MOUNTAINS OF MONTANA.
Story Which Has Long Been consd-
cred to Be Myth Found Correct,
and Explanation Is Made by
Scientists.

Grasshoppers on ice, in ice and of
ice is the phenomenon to be found in
Grasshopper glacier, once considered
a myth, but the existence of which as
one of the wonders of the West has
been confirmed by biologists, natural
forest officials and prospectors who
have reached the upper headwaters of
the East and West Rosebud rivers in
the Beartooth mountains of Montana
Investigation has shown that the
myth" of Grasshopper glacier is a
fact. The grasshoppers, myriads of
them, are frozen in a solid mass of ice.
Many of the specimens are as perfect
as if preserved in alcohol for exhibit
ton
III the opinion of scientists who re-
Gently made first-hand study of the
tabled glacier the insects were caught
in a periodic southwark fight and suc-
cumbed to the cold in their attempt
to cross the mountain range The
huge ice mass, under whose crust the
grasshoppers are buried, is virtually
under the shadow of Granite peak,
1882 feet high, the highest in Mon
tana
Only recently has it's existence as
perpetual glacier been verified, though
as long as 40 years ago it was tradi-
tlonally known in early Montana min
ing camps and mountain towns. 1t
was considered then merely a fanciful
tale of pioneer prospectors and fur
trappers who had penetrated to the
upper reaches of this branch of the
rugged Rockies.
j. c. Witham, deputy supervisor of
the Beartooth national forest, one of
the few men who have seen the Grass
hopper glacier, brought back to civil
lization a small vial containing the
nearly perfect remains of several
grasshoppers found embalmed in the
ice. These were forwarded to the
Smithsonian institution, Washington,
but unfortunately were badly broken
in transit.
The GRANTEES Of Caribou county af-
ford perhaps the most picturesque al
pine scenery to be found in accessible
parts of the United States. The Grass
hopper glacier, which is one of a num-
Der discovered by the James P. Kim
ball survey, is thus described by Doc
tor Kimball
From observations made during the
survey it was determined that grass
hoppers brought to life on the prairie,
when in periodic southerly flight in a
direction toward the mountains, are
compelled by successive stages to rise
and surmount the massive barrier of
the mountain range. On the SUBMITS
they are combated by head winds and
frequent violent high mountain air
currents, the occasional terrific force
of which to be thoroughly appreciated
must be encountered on the SUBMITS
of the range.
Such portions of the grasshopper
flights as are so unfortunate as to be
compelled to settle on the glaciers In
order to seek shelter from the oppos-
ing insurmountable winds become
chilled by contact with the snow and
ice surface Of the glacier and are
overcome, remaining unable to rise
for newly attempted fight. The gla-
cier then becomes their sepulcher"
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS
BY EBEN {. REXFORD.

Keep watch of your asters, for lin
such an hour as you know not" the
maggot may attack them. 1t is bet
ter, however, to act on the belief that
this enemy is sure to come, and take
measures to head him off.
Work wood ashes into the soil about
the plants, and remove a little soil
Immediately about the base of each
plant and scatter tobacco dust there
literally. This will not injure the
plant, but it may discourage the pest
IN its effort to get at the stalk of it.
OF late, many collections of asters
have been ruined by this grub.
The plant will look perfectly healthy
today; tomorrow it will have a with
cred appearance and the next day it
will be yellow, and if you take hold of
its top and give a slight pull, off it
will come close to the ground.
Examination will show that it has
been eaten into at that point. Wood
ashes are the best preventive of it's at
tacks of anything l have used, and l
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
Smile in Court.

At recent trial one of the wit
nesses was a green countryman, I'M
used to the ways of the law, but
quick, as it proved, to understand it's
principles. After a severe cross-ex-
animation the counsel for the prose
cution paused, and then, putting on a
look of severity, exclaimed:
Mr.. Kilkins, has not an effort been
made to induce you to tell a different
story?"
"A different story from what l told,
sir?"
That is what | mean"
Yes, sir; several persons have tried
to get me to tell different story
from what l have told, but they
couldn't
Now, sir, upon your oath, / wish
to know who those persons are"
We'll, guess you've tried bout as
hard as any of them. Chicago Her
aid.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
GETTING RID OF FRECKLES
Annoying BIemishes May Be Done
Away With If the Right Treat
ment Is Given.

Freckles and sunburn are the great
est drawbacks to beauty in the sum-
mer time. Both come directly from
the suns rays and must be treated
carefully in order to effect a cure. In
the case of freckles it is sometimes
impossible to cure them altogether.
though these ugly brown spots may be
l1ghtened considerably If the right
treatment is given. Of course, all
sorts of lotions are put on the market
and advertised as ''freckle cures" but
few of them do the work they guar
antee to do and some of them are
harmful. Right in ones own home it
is possible to compound a very eff
cacious cure and one that will not do
any injury to the complexion.
Horseradish root and buttermilk
mixed together and applied to the
brown spots will do much to tighten
their color. Crate a fresh horserad-
ish root very fine, cover with fresh
buttermilk and let stand over night.
Strain through cheese cloth and wash
the face night and morning with the
RESULTING IQuOI.
Crocheted Hatbands.
To match the delightful silk sport
coats that everyone" is wearing,
there are being displayed narrow
crocheted hatbands in all the bright
sports colors. Some of the puppies,
greens, reds and yellows show daring
enough borders to revive the old joke
Of listening to the band on your hat"
However, they are most attractive,
these crocheted bands, and offer an ex-
cuse for the eager worker to exercise
her originality and artistic taste Many
of them are finished with a fringe of
twisted silk. Usually the bands are
about two inches wide and long
enough to wind about the average size
crown and tie in a knot and short ends
at one side. Hatband, necktie and belt
to match would make beautiful gift
for the girl with athletic tastes
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31

FaVorites.
cutting. If care is taken not to allow
it to develop seed, it will blossom
during the entire season.
Plant at least three inches deep and
as early as possible. Be sure and
give a support of brush or of wire
netting. The brush is preferable.
Among the old standbys is the
petunia, which begins to bloom in
June and keeps on blooming until
frost. The flowers are snowy and
easily grown.
Phlox drummondi and the verbena
are both profuse boomers with a
wide range of color and no garden
should be without them.
Nasturtium, calliopsis, the poppy
and marigold are old tried and true
favorites and should not be over
looked
The most fragrant of flowers, the
mignonette, the pansy, the ten week
stock, the aster and the snapdragon
should all find place in the garden,
however small it may be- A corner of
bachelors button, the ragged robin,
requires little care and makes g.ori-
Gus splotch of color.
These are all old favo.ites, all are
good, easily grown, and all are kinds
that the beginner in gardening will
soon get on friendly terms with.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
A New Collar of White Plated TulIe
and Black Moire Ribbons With Sill
yer Buckles.

day we find new and startling collars
launched by our leading dressmakers
and milliners, and so charming are
these that they make a comparatively
plain dress look smart and dressy.
| have sketched this week a deep
collar of white plated tulle which is a
favorite model, and it is one which
can be worn at any time of the day,
or in the evening with a demitoilette
The neck is circled with two bands
of black MORE ribbon and these bands
are finished off with small silver
buckles. The plated collar is at
tached to the upper band ard it falls
in soft folds over the shoulders.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
Prince NAPOLEON.

Prince Victor Jerome Frederic Ma
poleon, who has obtained permission
of the Italian military authorities to
go to the front, is the head of the
Napoleon family. Ordinarily he lives
in Brussels, having been expelled from
France many years ago. He is a
Partisan, however, by birth, and his
sympathies with the allies are further
cemented by the fact that his wife is
Princess Clementine, daughter Of
King Leopold Of Belgium, and his
mother is a princess of the house of
Savoy. 1t needed but the entry of a
Napoleon to make the cast complete.
Dundee Advertiser.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
SELLING EGGS FOR MATCHING
Fourths VIII Be FertiIe-Failure
to Comply Hurts Business.

The seller is under a moral as well
as legal obligation to send eggs
from the birds he advertises will lay
them. He must guarantee that three
fourths viii be fertile; he must pack
and ship very carefully. He is, by all
rights of the buyer, bound to send
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
To Clean Bows Serue Suits.

Put coat on a coat hanger on the
line. Pin pants straight by the waist
on clothes line. Rub y grease spots
with a little kerosene oil and ivory
soap, now with a good hand brush
and plenty cold water and soap go
all over the suit, but don't wet the
lining. Do this on a fine morning;
pull into shape. They will look like
new when dry,
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
PRUNE THE SHRUBS

Keep watch of your shrubs and do
whatever pruning seems necessary
now. rather than to let them go on,
and complete the growth of the season,
and then after large amount of vi
tally has been expended in the de-
Ivelopment of the branch, to cut it
away. Always aim to throw the en-
lergy of any plant into development
thai will be permanent and thus avoid
wasting it's efforts.-E E. r.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31

cannot fill all orders, he must promptly
write and tell why, refunding the
money.
Failure in complying with these last
two requirements hurts the trade Of
shipping eggs for Matching all around
the circle of advertisers. The man
without honor in this business hurts
the trade of the men doing business
honestly and promptly.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
GIVE PLANTS ROOM

Do not plant fower-pots too close
together Verbenas should be at least
us inches apart; petunias the same;
phlox foot; balsanis a foot; pansies
DO inches; zinnias Is inches; mari
COLDS 2 feet; peoples 10 inches. If
flowers are too close in the bed they
will not make as thrifty growth nor
will the flowers be as large and pleDti-
Eul
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
Economical Food Producer

The dairy cow is an economical pro.
Queer of human food. No other ami
NAL can produce the same quantity Of
digestible food as economically as can
the COW.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
FLOWER LIST FOR AMATEUR
BY l. r. O,RRIEN.

Among the most desirable plants
for the amateur l would place the
sweet pea first.
This flower has great value both
for garden decoration and also for
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
TWO Kinds of Hoos.

The brood SOW and the fat hog re-
quire different kinds of feed. The
man who tries to keep both in the
same lot will not have the best sue
cess.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
Pon1padour Silks.

The pompadour silks are still used,
and a black one figured il pale pastel
shades Is especially elective when
smartIy made up.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
Iona Coats for Fall.

In the fall we shall see serge prin-
cess frocks with coats so long that the
skirts will be entirely covered.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
TuIIe (Wash BIond) for Petticoats.

tuiIe lWdsn Dlono) TOT TctliCodtS,
Tulle is the chosen tissue for the
newest petticoats, but the tulle of to-
day is the wash blond of yesterday.
Slightly stronger in texture than the
lace once used as tulle is used now,
and washable
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1915-08-31
Havoc Among Calves

A sour feed pail has wrought havoc
among the calves on many a farm.