davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
PRUNING OF THE PEACH TREE
Limited Amount Of Summer Work Can
30 Done to Advantage-Reduce
Operations to Minimum.

Sometimes the owner Of peach or
chard will find 1t necessary to prune
his trees throughout the winter when
ever the weather is suitable for men
to work in the orchard, particularly II
the operations are very extensive. But
il the fruit buds are endangered dur.
ing the winter by adverse tempera'
lures, it may be advisable to delay
pruning as much as economic condi-
lions permit until settled spring wealth
er arrives. This is especially advis-
able II heavy heading in OF the pre-
vious seasons growth is involved,
since the proportion of live buds may
determine the extent to which the cut
ting back should be carried.
A limited amount of summer prun-
ing usually can be done to advantage.
The trees should be observed con-
stantly throughout the season of active
growth. Whenever branch Is seen
which is so placed that 1t obviously
will need to be removed at the annual
pruning for the shaping up of the tree,
it Ia we'll to take it off at once. In
this way the annual pruning can be
reduced to minimum and the removal
Of large limbs rarely will be necessary.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
DAIRY
FACTS
LOW TEMPERATURE IS BEST.
churn Should Not Contain More Than
Two-Thirds Of It's Capacity to
Insure Good Butter.

When ready to churn care should De
taken not to put too much cream IN
the churn. The churn should not con-
tain more than two-thirds of Its capac-
ity. Much weak and short-bodied but
ter is caused by overlooking the churn
and churning at the wrong tempera'
ture. Salvy, notified and streaked
butter is often due to an uneven tenn
perature of the wash water used dur
ing the working process. A good bod
led butter is usually inspired by low
temperature but high temperature Is
almost sure to cause weak bodied
product.
Sometimes butter is difficult to
gather" especially when a combined
churn is being used. The grain OF the
butter seems to be worn out by the
mass of partly gathered butter pound
ing and pouring over the inside por-
tons of the churn and by the worker.
and when the butter is finally worked
it Is brittle and weak bodied.
Do not have the temperature OF the
wash vary very much from that OF the
butter, but If the butter comes at so
high temperature as to make 1t soft,
the wash water must be cold enough
to harden the butter. so that 1t Will
bear working without overworking or
destroying the grain Of the butter and
giving it a salvy appearance.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
TIE AMBITIOUS POULTRY KEEP.
Err CANNOT AFFORD TO
NEGLECT HIS FOWLS
At ANY TIME.
ROY H. WAITE,
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.

Just because your young chickens
have grown to an age when any little
neglect doesn't cause them to die on
In large numbers, do not think that
you can take your attention from
them. In order to get winter eggs.
your flock Of pullets must be in good
shape before cold weather begins. II
you get them started to laying early,
with reasonable care they will usually
continue to lay we'll all winter. II
they begin the winter in poor shape
they will have to spend most OF their
energy in keeping comfortable and
will have no surplus to put into egg
production.
After the rush of spring Matching
and caring for the youngsters, there
Is often a tendency to take a long
breath, SO to speak, and lay back to
take things easy when the chicks get
a little size and chick troubles are
over. You, however, will have to
keep them jumping" II you are to
have them in laying condition by early
fall. See that they have clean, com
Portable quarters In which to roost.
See that they are free from lice and
mites See that they can find shade
on hot, blistering days. But above ALL
see that they can get hold OF the
proper feeds.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22


aside from conducting demonstrations
and giving purely local advice, is the
bringing of the specialists Of the Agri.
cultural College and the Department
into systematic touch with his people.
One of these methods is the holding
of county field days in the interest OF
better agricultural and demonstration
work 1t results In bringing the agri.
cultural agencies to the farmer and
making him feel that their workers
were really at his service has never
been done before. Meetings are &C.
companied by practical demonstra.
tons and are held at every convenient
place possible. such as cross roads,
school houses, village stores. picnic
grounds and often In the front yard OF
some farm home. The speakers enter
quickly into the spirit Of the occasion,
giving short, practical talks that the
listening farmers and their wives can
take right home and put into practice.
In explaining the handling of the
corn crop during the recent field days
in Worcester and Somerset counties.
the extension worker in farm crops
used sample ears brought him by
farmers to explain seed selection or
took his audience to the edge OF
convenient corn field to point out to
them the advantage Of well.prepared
iced bed and proper cultivation. The
specialist in plant diseases explained
the practical points OF scientific po-
.ato growing. He carried with him
sack OF potatoes which he used to
show how to treat them for scab how
to select marketable potatoes and how
to make hill selections for the i'm
provement OF seed.
The speaker on fruit and truck
crops gave practical advice on the
handling OF the strawberry crop from
field to market right In sight Of a
number OF fields where actual picking
was in progress. Growers present ex-
pressed their appreciation OF the
value Of his instructions. only re-
GREETING that they had not had such
help long before.
The main dement's resulting were no
doubt that the workers OF the Agricul-
tural College and Department OF Agri.
culture actually met and talked with
the farmers OF these two counties
right in their own surroundings and
became well acquainted. The work OF
the county agent was also thoroughly
explained and demonstrated SO the
people might realize how they could
best make use Of his services and
through him Of those Of the State Col,
lege and the Federal Department. in
the future all local agricultural work
by either of the above agencies will
be done In cooperation with the coun-
ty agents wherever a county Is far
sighted enough to have employed one,
thus securing for itself every benefit
OF the demonstration organization,
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
tloItiGu(!ll|tI!QI]Q!!
;@f7G(zAWS}8B8
KEEP UP FERTILITY OF SOIL
When Trees Begin to Show Signs OF
Starvation Nothing 10 Better Than
Application Of Manure.

A great many farm orchards have
been left in sod for many years and
are in sod at the present time. Many
are cultivated each year and the crop
taken off the land, says Farmers
Guide. In most cases no effort has
been made to keep up the fertility OF
the soil. Apples are as profitable as
any crop grown on the farm. If the
trees are not taken care Of, farmer
has no reason to expect that they will
give good yields. You do not expect
hogs and cattle to thrive without reg
ular feed, and just as truly the trees
will fail II you starve them. The only
difference Is, that because of store
of food in the earth, trees will live a
long time between feeds. This Is so
true that young trees growing on rich
land need no feed until after the fruit.
ing years begin. But after tree has
borne three or four crops, 1t will be
much less vigorous The leaves will be
smaller and of lighter color, and
they will be noticed to drop quite
early Ill tuc ldL lHc lCuuClo WILL
make but slow growth, perhaps none
at all, where a few years earlier they
extended ten or twelve inches year
The difference will be noticed in the
size of the apples, for they will be
small and imperfect.
All these changes are danger sig
nails. Your trees are feeling the ex-
haustion of starvation. The remedy
is manuring. and nothing is so cheap
as the barnyard manure for it contains
matter which the soil needs to restore
it's primitive condition. Do not feed
in a half-hearted way, for when a tree
feeds only once in eight or ten years
1t needs a good big feed. Manure ap-
piled at the rate of Is to 20 loads per
acre Is none too heavy.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
Surroundings Not Conducive to SAM.
tary MIX Production.

the stable as is practicable, and should
be clean, and the air as free from
dust as is possible at all times. Some
dairymen have a special room In
which to take the cow for milking.
This room is kept freer from bacteria
than is possible in the general stable.
This is very good plan, but it is not
always practicable.
The mixer Is often the source Of
some of the most dangerous bacteria
found in milk, especially germs which
produce contagious diseases. Milk
thus contaminated is distributed by
the milkman, and whole neighbor-
hood suffers. This is case where
there can be no doubt as to the re-
sponsibility of the milkman, and will
full negligence should be made GRIM
inal offense. Nearly every physician
of experience in our cities has met
with epidemics which can be traced
directly to q contaminated milk sup
ply.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
AVERAGE PRODUCT OF A COW
Two Hundred and Forty Pounds Of
Butterfat Should Be Produced
In Year From Animal.

A good dairy animal should pro-
duce 24O pounds of butterfat a year.
If she produces a milk testing five
per cent fat her production of milk
must be 5000 pounds. II the milk is
four per cent 1t is equivalent to 5000
pounds and If three per cent to 5000
pounds.
If the COW is dry six weeks out OF
the year her daily average Of butter
fat will be about three-fourths OF
pound.
II the herd can be made to average
this amount daily 1t is an excellent
record to maintain. There are herds
that will average more than this, but
they are few and far between.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
He's Champion Mean Thief.

Babies in the vicinity of the Violet
street playground were not weighed
recently.
The new champion "meanest man"
crept into the welfare station conduct.
ed by the city health department at
the Fairgrounds and stole the scales.
To the welfare station came 20
mothers with their babies, but they
could not get any orders for milk at
the supply station because no one
could tell how much the babies
weighed. Twenty mothers were dis
appointed and 20 babies hungry, but
those who came later in the day were
accommodated upon borrowed set Of
scales.
The welfare station Is maintained
in the interest of underfed and scan.
tily nourished babies. - Los Angeles
Times.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
Father Of Thirty-one.

Quite recently Anastasio Chelotti,
newsvender of Savona, in Italy, cele-
brated the birth of his thirty-first
child, on whom he bestowed the name
OF Candida. Chelotti, who Is just
turned sixty, remarked at the christen-
ing, AT twenty-one years of age !
married a girl of nineteen. who made
me an annual parent of male child
for nineteen years running. Then she
died. Before was out Of my fortieth
year married again. and my second
wife added another dozen to the fam
fly. have nineteen sons living, all
healthy and strong. The twentieth
fell fighting In the Libyan desert with
the words viva Savoia!' on his lips.
Eight Of my boys are married and
have married children Of their own"
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22


merous. There Is money In strawber-
ries, however, If you have the right
kind of marketing arrangements.
In some sections the marketing prob
lem has been solved by forming CO.
operative associations. Sometimes
did not stay solved as jealousies and
bad faith caused the breaking up OF
the associations. Where they have
managed to live through few years
of these troubles, the marketing or
CARNATIONS have proved their worth
by saving thousands of dollars for
their collective memberships and saw
ing the individual growers several
cents a crate on his berries.
The plants require fairly rich SOIL
but any land that will grow good corn
will raise strawberries. The land
ought to be thoroughly manfred the
fall aid early winter before the plants
are set.
After the manure is spread the
ground should be plowed to depth
of about six inches. Next spring IL
should be disked as soon as the ground
is dry enough to work. Dragging and
narrowing will smooth 1t down so the
plants can be given a splendid start.
They need a firm subsoil to hold
dampness, but the soil at the top
should be free and loose.
The plants are usually put out IN
1S-inch intervals in rows three feet
apart. Where it Is possible the rows
should be made of considerable length.
1t is better to have a long, narrow
strip of straw berries than to have the
same area in a square. 1t means
great deal in first-year cultivation to
have the rows long enough that they
are easily plowed.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
STRAWBERRY IS MONEY CROP
Profit 10 Assured II Marketing Ar.
ranaements Are of Right Kind
Rich Soil Is Essential.

Some men take 5000 worth of straw
berries from an acre of ground, few
have taken $500 worth from the same
area and there are many growers VINO
barely make living wages out OF their
strawberry paintings. Yet strawber
ries are accounted sure crop and
a crop that makes quick returns.
Various growers of strawberries
have estimated the cost of producing
an acre of this product at anywhere
from $50 to $1OO, writes F. l.. Alexan'
der of Arkansas in Farm Progress.
For a generation the strawberry
grower has been having his fat years
alternating with some mighty lean
ones and most growers will tell you
that the lean years are the most nu.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
GOOD PROTECTION FOR TREE
Where Splitting 10 Threatened as Re.
suit Of Storm or Heavy Fruit
Screws May Be Used.

When trees threaten to split down
as a result of wind storms or the bur
den of fruit they can easily be pro
tected by the use OF ordinary lag
screws which can be bought at any
hardware store,
They should be six or eight inches
long and your blacksmith will turn the
heads into a hook as shown in the
picture. Bore holes into the trees
deep enough to give the screws a
start without splitting the wood, screw
them in solidly and connect with a
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22

StaoIee Like inns.
these kinds should be in proportion
to their significance to health. 1t Is
hardly necessary to say that cleanli-
ness in all operations is at the foun-
dation of the whole problem.
Repeated tests have shown that
even when a COW is cleaned as thor
oughly as possible under stable con-
ditions, particles Of dust will be
thrown off from her body during
milking time, and these get into the
milk and contaminate it. Cows should
be kept away from sources of con-
tamination, such as sink holes in
which stagnant water accumulates,
for such holes breed enormous num-
bers OF putrefactive bacteria which
are especially dangerous to infants.
causing digestive troubles. There
should be no places in the barnyard
for water to stagnate. The manure
should be kept gathered up, and every
effort made to keep the COW free from
contamination.
The cow should be thoroughly
cleaned, preferably Immediately before
milking. 1t Is also well to clip the
hair short around the TANKS and I'D.
der, and always advisable to moisten
the flank just before milking. All Of
these precautions tend to lessen the
amount OF dust or loose hair which
will be given of from the cow.
Keep the stable free from dust
during milking. Dust usually comes
from feed. bedding, or from breezes
which collect dust outside the stable
and carry it inside. The stable should
be constructed so as to collect as lit
tie dust as possible. Corners should be
avoided, unnecessary timber should
be left out, and the surfaces should
be smoothed.
There should be an abundance OF
light in the stable. Light is one OF
the cheapest and best germicides.
Stables should be whitewashed fire.
quently. Lime itself has a germicidal
value, and 1t makes the stable lighter.
Some dairymen use chloride Of lime
IN the whitewash. This assists In kill.
ing any form of life with which 1t
comes In contact
A special room should be provided
for weighing and cooling the milk.
This room should be as remote from
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
PAIL AND STOOL COMBINED
Device Recently Invented Acts az Re-
ceptacle for Milk and Good
Seat for the Mixer.

In the dairy where the herd Is OF
any considerable proportions the mat
ter OF getting around among the ami
mails at milking time Is one Of some
magnitude and anything of the nature
of an innovation, which will facilitate
this operation and at the same time
make for cleaner milk, will get well
come, A combined stool for the milk
err and receptacle for the milk has been
recently invented with this object. A
can somewhat larger than a bucket
is supported on four legs and re'en-
forced for the purpose Of supporting
the weight which 1t Is called upon
to do. The top is covered and the
lid acts as seat for the operator.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22

Introduced near the top Is funnel
arrangement having an outlet spout
and an inlet opening. AS the milk
is drawn from the cow it flows into
the can through this funnel extension.
This apparatus relieves the dairyman
Of the necessity of carrying both the
stool and milk can. as he must do I'M
der ordinary circumstances and at the
same time the milk passing SO direct.
ly from the source OF supply to the
can, the possibilities Of contamination
are greatly reduced.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
Dairy vs. Poultry.

The cows will return money, or Its
equivalent, each day in the year. and in
a way 1t will be less worry than to get
1t from poultry. A cow isn't as easy
to stop In her milk flow as hen is to
stop In her egg flow, nor is she as hard
to get back to the normal. The money
invested is much greater, SO this on.
sets that to some extent
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
FARM DEMONSTRATION WORK
MEETS WITH APPRECIATION.
Thirteen Maryland Counties Nov
Have County Agricultural
Agents.

Progressive farmers throughout the
State are beginning to recognize the
value of agricultural demonstration
work. This work Is being conducted
in thirteen counties of the State
through local or county agricultural
agents, who represent the combined
extension service Of the Agricultural
College and the Department of Agri'
culture. One of the most helpful lines
OF work which the county agent does
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22

wire cable. Do not use rope because
that stretches when wet and is there
fore OF no account.
This same method may be used to
prevent the splitting off of large
branches, always taking care that the
screws enter the tree and the branch
in such position that the wire will
form a straight pull and not an angle,
as It is likely to cause split.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
In q Bad Fix.

"Wombat thinks he's engaged to
the wrong girl"
Better break 1t, then"
"He can't. He's buying the engage.
ment ring on the installment plan"
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
KEEPlNG milk CLEAN
Problem Is to Keep Out All Bac-
terra as Far as Possible.
Cows Should Be Kept Away From
All Sources Of Contamination
Keep Stable Free From Dust
During Milking Operations.

The great problem of handling milk
Is the control Of the bacterial con-
tent: the exclusion Of undesirable
kinds and the introduction Of those
which bring about changes that are
desired.
Milk from healthy cows is practl-
cally free from bacteria when Sc
GREETED. The problem Of a sanitary
milk supply, therefore, is to keep out
all bacteria as far as is possible. Some
kinds are much more dangerous than
others, and attention to excluding
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
support for Raspberries.

All of the black and purple varieties
of raspberries do better II provided
with support or trellis to prevent the
canes bending over and dragging the
ground.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
SPRAYING FOR APPLE TREES
First Summer Spray for Apples Should
Be Applied Just Before Trees
Begin to Blossom.

(By A. J. GUNDERsoN. Illinois Expert
ment Stat!on)
If apple trees have San Jose scale,
scurvy or oyster-shell scale, spray
while the trees are dormant with COM
mercial sulphur at the rate of one gal
lon to eight gallons Of water. The
first summer spray for apples should
be applied just before the trees BIOS
som, at q time when buds are show
ing pink, but before they have opened.
This spray should consist of lime sui
phur at the rate OF one gall lon to Az
gallons of water, and to this mixture
add arsenate of lead at the rate OF two
pounds to SO gallons Of water. These
two materials should be mixed to-
gethef the lime sulphur being spray
for apple scab, and the arsenate OF
lead for the control of curculio.
The second summer spray should be
made Immediately at the fall of the
bloom, that is, after the blossoms have
been pollenized, with the same mix.
ture as for the first spray. This spray
is for apple scab, codling moth and
curculio. The third summer spray
should be applied about two weeks
after the second. This spray Is also
for the control of apple scab any cod.
ling moth or curculio that may still
be working on the fruit.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22

What a brilliant marriage! He 10
worth several millions and she will
inherit at least a billion"
Would you call that q marriage, or
q merger"
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-07-22
Worthy of Patience.

It requires lots of patience with some
heifers. but II they are promising, they
are worth 1t.
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1915-02-19

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