davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04
By E. L. HEITKAMP

decision in matters of war and peace in this country rests with public opin- ion. Is that public opinion at the end of the war to be one clarified by dis cussion? Or are we suddenly to be con fronted With a settlement which we have had no time or opportunity of consider ing? Is the public opinion, in other words, which gives the final decision to be a relatively we'll informed one or an i'll informed one7 If it is to be well in- formed, then we must know as early templated, what it Is we are fighting for. To refuse the public any opportunity whatever of discussing the settlement is to deprive the nation of self-government of any means of determining it's own fate in the gravest crisis that has ever been presented to it in modern history We demand that the full cabinet, Paria- ment and even the people shall have some say before tho honor of the coun- try is engaged by treaties or verbal un- derstandings that may involve us in some future war;
 It must always be remembered that very numerous section of the labor ing public in this country is opposed to the war. Largely because of the discipline of the press this section of the British public has not yet been heard abroad, but 1t nevertheless pos sesses an important influence and may even, in certain circumstances, be a deciding factor in bringing to terms a government bent upon a punitive struggle compelling 1t to agree to "a reasonable peace"
 The real importance of the laborina man in this struggle and the concern with which the government views his action ia being demonstrated by the trade union unrest which permeates every quarter of the country Despite the fact that Asquith and Lloyd George and all the newspapers have appealed to their patriotism and declared that with them rested the issues of the war and despite the fact that Kltchenef and Sir George Asquith have threat ened them with all kinds of terrible penalties if they did not immediately return to work, they are insisting all over the country for what they con- sidcr their rights. Talk with these men and you will be astonished by the num- Der who send the army and the navy and its needs to Jericho. The most com Kaiser does come over here? He couldn't treat us much worse than the government"
 The views of these men on the wal are perhaps best expressed by w. H Norman, @ socialist, who has been giving members of the cabinet a lot of trouble and whose questions in the House of Commons put by prominent labor member have been responsible for some interesting disclosures. not ably the letter of President Poincare to King George and the latter's non- commital answer on the eve of war
 Norman is the author of Britain and the War: A Study in Diplomacy" q pamphlet which has had q larger sale
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04

on behalf of the natives of the Bell gium Congo. More1 has lately been crossing swords in the New States man with Sir Harry Johnston on the subject of Germany's colonial ambi- tions. Morel holds that Germany has been at least no worse in this respect than the other nations and indeed has secured much less than her rightful share. He especially holds forth against England's attitude toward Ger many, in the Morocco affair. Morel. like all the others Identified with this fight for "a reasonable peace" has been attacked by correspondents who see nothing in it but a pro-German agitation. In his most recent letter to the New Statesman Morel says on this point:
 q consider myself to be equally as concerned with the national welfare as any of these authorities may be, in believing that the implications, both direct and indirect, of policy of this kind are calculated to Involve this na ton in irremediable disaster. And I conceive myself entitled to declare that belief In periodical such as yours without being described as an apol- ogist for the diplomacy of the German government
 What is it against which these men, none of whom has ever been accused before of pro-German sentiments, are fighting? They claim and believe they are not fighting for Germany, but for the future welfare of England. They are fighting mainly against secret di- plomacy and its effects. As MoreI puts 1t in one of his letters, q am quite satisfied that public opinion will even- tually comprehend that the Belgian. British, French and German people have been the common victims of a system of compounded secrecy, treach- cry and deceit"
 They point to the recent answer of Sir Edward Grey in the House of Com mons to question about the future Of Constantinople and the Dardanelles and as to whether Great Britain had agreed to their occupation and control by Russia. Now this question has always loomed large in Britains foreign poll icy and if the country has decided aft CT all these generations of struggle to let Russia into Constantinpole the de- cision Is a new one. Yet, declare these opponents of the diplomats, pointing to Sir Edward Greys latest declara- tion, neither the public nor Parliament are, to be consulted about this epoch- mol<ing reversicn of policy. For what does Sir Edward say:
 'This Is a matter that will be set- tied in the terms of peace"
 In other words, 1t Is to be decided. not by England. but by the 20 or moro diplomatists of every nationality sit- ting in the peace conference. includ- ing two or three British represonta- lives secretly instructed by the two or three men who run the foreign affairs of the country. Mr
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04

Correspondence) )-Is what is ii65M, known as "a reasonable C9 peace" possible no win Eu-
 rope?
 All over England little gather ings of men who believe it is are working steadily, silently but none the less effectively. to educate public opin- Ion and to bring this public opinion to bear upon the government They are not blowing horns at the street corners nor attracting much public at- tention. but in the columns of the daily newspapers, the weeklies and the monthlies, they are putting their views before the reading and thinking pub lie. And throughout the country, week In and week out, many of them are ,n1tiatinG their hearers into the mani- fold mysteries of the foreign office and its intricate diplomacy.
 Although many of these groups are working independently of each other they nevertheless. in the main, have the same objects in view. One is to end the war as soon as possible on terms so reasonable and fair to all concerned that a repetition will be rendered as unlikely as possible and the other is to get at what these men are agreed in believing to be one of the underlying causes of European wars secret diplomacy-and to drag it out into the deodorizing fresh air of dem- ocratic control.
 Among the men who make up one of these groups is Norman Angel, the now famous author of "The Great Illu- sion" and other books designed to con- vince thinking people of the futility of wars of conquest Angel, who is already known to American audiences, is planning another lecture tour of the United States. In the course of which he will discuss the many problems arising out of the war. Americans will find Angell refreshing because, al- though he is frankly sympathetic with Great Britain and the allies and hopes to see them win the war. he is never theless broad minded enough to real ize certain of the German difficulties of the past and neutral difficulties of the future.
 But perhaps of more interest and that arrangements have been made for Ansell to conduct summer school at Cornell for the study of international relations and affairs this summer. This school is intended to attract university students. teachers and professors from all parts of the United States. I have just been talking to Angell in his rooms in the temple about America and the war and in view of the fact that he will soon be with you and attract ing attention I'll jot down the signifi- cant things he said.
 He is a short, slim man in the early forties. with a broad. high forehead accentuated by the brushing of the hair straight baclxt His eyes are deep set. his mouth firm and close. his jaw determined, even pugnaciouS He fs precise and definite in his statements. hesitating for consideration before an- Gwering questions.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04

A INA VIII make Dig bids lNI for the dissatisfied Europeans at
 Se4sI the close of the war. II will GJ compete with the United States
 and will attempt to turn the
 tide of immigration from New York to Buenos Aires. At the time the war opened. foreigners were arriving in the city at the rate of thousand a day. More than soo.0o0 came in last year. and the indications are that tnis number will be greatly exceeded as soon as peace is declared It is expected that the poverty caused by the war will bring in a flood of new blood from Belgium and Germany and the countries of southeastern Europe and that the number of immigrants from Latin Europe will be increased. At pres ent immigration is damned back by the war. We are having no arrivals from Russia, Austria and Syria and those from Italy and Spain are comparatively few So far the bulk of the immigration has been Latin. Tho Italians began to arrive about 60 years ago and of late years they have been coming at tho rate of from 5000 to 100000 per annuni. The Spanish immigrants have been many, and today the Italians and Spaniards are furnishing about two thirds of the new arrivals. One fifth of the whole population is Italian, and next come the Spaniards. After them are the Russians, who gent 2O,ooo last year, and then the Syrians, who numbered 1000. The Germans arriving were 4000 and the North Americans only 5o0.
 From now on Argentina will be one of the chief bidders for immigrants in the markets of the world. She has been giv- ing all sorts of inducements in low fares on the steamers crossing the ocean and free transportation on the railways of the republic. She has a big hotel for jmmi grants here at Buenos Aires and another at Bahia Blanca and one at Rosario. At these places the immigrants are kept un- til they can be shipped to their new home. The government advances money to them to send for their families or make such arrangements that they can be brought across the Atlantic at less than the 1nin- imum fares.
 The new immigrant hotel at Buenos Aires is one of the sights of the re- public. It stands on the banks of the Rio De la Plata within a stones throw or the docks, where the immigrants step off the steamer, and its surroundings are such as to make them think they have dropped down into fairyland The buildings face a beautiful park, filled with flowers and tropical trees and in which fountains play. The hotel proper covers an acre or more. It is C. great big brick building of four stories and adjoining it are other buildings containing hospitals and offices. The ground floor of the hotel Is paved with tiles and its walls are paneled with glazed tiles to the height of your head. Everything is as white as fresh snow and the whole is clean and at tractive in comparison with the steer
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04
ARGENTINA AFTER OUR IMMIGRANTS
BY FRANK c. CARPENTER

saved enough to buy land at home. It Is the great desire of the Italian to own a little farm in Italy. The result is that he begrudses every penny spent away from that country. cutting his expenses to the bare necessities of life, and re- turning i'll about the same clothing that he wore upon his arrival. When he has saved s209 or ssO0 he is ready to go back home. and he takes the money with him. Those who return carry millions of dol- lars out of the country. Such men are known swallow immigrants. They fit back and forth like swallows. They do not ccnfine tlieir working places to Argen- tina. Some Stop off in Brazil to aid in harvesting tho coffee crop. and thence move on down to Uruguay and Argentina. There are so many of these people that the steamship companies make a big profit if carrying them back and forth. The total fares from immigrants and emi- grants amount to something like $So,o0o,- 000 per annum and this is said to give the steamship owners profit of about s25,- 000ODD.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04

During my stay here have made a number of inquiries as to lands and their values. The prices vary quite as much as they do in the United States and they are subject to the same fluctuations. In 1885 one could buy real estate in the heart of Buenos Aires for less than s1 square yard. while in the same locality you would now have to pay 5000 square yard. Farming lands that could have been got ten for song a half century ago are now bringing $50O,000 square league, and lands that once sold for few cents an acre are now worth as many dollars. This is especially so in the province of Buenos Aires, where the city of Buenos Aires is located.
 The most of the land here is sold by the hectare of two and one-half acres. l have before me list of recent sales. Here Is one of 145 hectares, near the Mar mol station, which sold for oyer s12oo a hectare; one of IA acres in the department of Moreno. which sold for S400 a hectare, and 1500 acres near the Villa Elisa that sold for about $50 hectare. Over GOOD hectares in Bahia Blanca recently sold for more than $50 each and 12000 on the banks of the River Egide for similar amount. In the province of Cordoba 5000 hectares recently sold for 65 pesos each, and in the department of General Roca 4000 sold for 55 pesos.
 It depends largely on the character of the land and upon its location as to the price. The soil varies as much as it does in the United States, and some public
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04
Why Living Is High

From the Anderson. N. c. Intelligencer.
 Farm products cost more than they used to-
 "Yes" replied the farmer. ''When a farmer is supposed to know the botan- ical name of what he's raisin and tho chronological name of the insect that eats it, an the pharmaceutical name of the chemical that will kill it, somebody's got to pay"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04

Nevertheless the bulk of the immigrants are permanent settlers. The population of Argentina is now 7,ooo,o0 or s,o00oo0, and it has been largely made up by the new settlers. Within the past 50 years such arrivals have numbered 4.00o. 600, and of them one-half has been from Italy and chiefly from France, Russia and Syria. The Germans and Austrians together have sent about 135,0O0, and the British about 5o,0Oo, whereas the total immigration from North America during that time has been less than 5000.
 I do not believe that Argentina Is a good place for tho individual American farmer. It might be different if number of our people could club together and bring their families. establishing large colonies. The domestic and social life of the Italians and Spanards is not suited to Americans, and the difficulties of mastering the language of the country form a great drawback. The native well-to-do Argeninan looks down upon work as degrading, and he se- crety despises the man who works with his hands, He likes to be landed pro- prietor, and he buys for cash and on credit all the land he can get hoping that the foreigners will do the work and build up the country. He Is willing to trust to the unearned increment or rise in the value of land for his profit.
 The Italian or Spaniard will put up with all sorts of hardships. His ordinary home is a mud hut, and his whole family is in ha house has no windows, and small open ing in the side walls with a board shut ter gives the only light The lamp may be a bottle of oil with 0 hole through the cork and a few threads of cotton which serve as a wick. At first the cooking is done on the ground, the kettle being hung by wire to a tripod made of three sticks of wood
 The European immigrant expects his whole family to aid him. Men, women and children go out together to blow and to reap and they work from daylight till dark, and later still when the moon shines Many of the settlers start in with farms on the shares, and sorr,c rent lands for a money rent. A few work for wages. but these are far lower than in the United States and it is only at times of harvest ing and planting that labor is as well paid as with us.
 One of the chief troubles of the'incom- ing settler is the way land Is held. The most of the country Is divided up into very large tracts. There are more than 100 men here each of whom owns more than 120,000 acres. There are about 170 who own from 5000 to 100,0 each, and a thousand and more who own from 12,0OO to 240o0 acres. There are about 5000 who own from 200 to 800 acres, and the ilold- ings are so punched together that 1t is almost impossible to build up a population of small farmers It will be only by di- viding the big estates that satisfactory social conditions can be created, and at the present outlook that condition is far in the future. The government is doing what it can to encourage subdivision. and some of the estancieros have sold lands
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04
Extreme 'BeIay

From the YonkeYH 6fateaznafs
 Mrs. Flatte--W alt, dear, until thinh.
 Mr. Flatte--I cnn't wait as long ae that; I've got an engagement day after tomorrow.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04

ulation. Not q few of these people have established stores in different parts of Ar geitfna. and there are now Jew merchants everywhere. Some of the Jews are quite wealthy. The grain trade Is largely con- trolled by them, and they have shown the same thrift that is common to their race the world over.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04

ONDON, March 25.--(Special Correspondence.) )-Is what is known as "a reasonable peace" possible no win Flu rOpeo
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-04-04
Buenos Aires.

ARGENTINA will make big bids
 for the dissatisfied Europeans at
 the close of the war. II will compete with the United States
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-10-02
MOVING PICTURE.
TRUST BUSTED

Philadelphia. Oct THE United
States government won sweeping
victory in one of it's important anti
trust cases today. when Judge Oliver
%. Dickinson, In the United States Dis
trfct Court here. handed down an opin-
ion dissolvng the alleged moving pic
ture trust on the ground that It was
violating the Sherman law regulating
interstate and foreign commerce.
The decision was rendered against
the Motion Picture Patents Company,
the General Film Company and many
other concerns ana individuals manu-
motion picture films and ac-
cessories or controlling the rights of
their manufacture. Many millions OF
dollars are involved In the business
The court made no suggestions as to
how the alleged combination is to be
dissolved. but requested that decree
be submitted for approval. It is prob
able the case will be taken to the
Supreme Court.
The defendants In their argument
laid stress upon the rights of those
holding patents to do with their prop
erty what they though. hest, but the
court In s-apiHiea declared that the
granting Of patent does not confer q
license to do that which the law con-
demnA
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-10-02
ELIAS A. MONFORT
HEADS G. A. r.

Washington, u. c., Oct 1.--Elias A.
Monfort, Of Cincinnati. Ohio. was un
animously elected commander in chic
Of the Grand Army OF the Republic. nj.
ter an hour of balloting In convention
behind closed doors at Camp Emery
this afternoon.
Cornelius Ford. the public printer
today was officiaily exonerated by the
encampment from the aspersions cast
upon him at the last national encamp-
ment in Detroit, when a resolution
was, by unanimous vote put into the
official records condemniug him for hos
tiilty toward the Grand Army. as
shown. IT was claimed. In the demotion
Of veterans employed Mt the govern
ment printing Office.
Resolutions were adopted orderin z
that as far as possible the resolution
presented in Detroit assailing Mr.. Ford
be expunged from the official records
Captain Mckee was censured from the
floor for injecting partisan politics into
the official journal. Corporal James
Tanner, past comriander-in- chief.
offered "A resolution commencing Ford
for friendly attitude toward the Grand
Army. but this resolution was not
adopted
AA other resolutions are being tabled
When Il was learned by the delegates
seated in the encampment today that
the cornerstone laying at the Memo
rial Amphitheater in Arlington had
been postponed until mex tweek the
encampment took up its business more
Aeisurely. The election of officers was
put over until the last action OF the
convention, fearing that the majority
OF the delegates would leave as soon
as the election was over and not stay
for the transaction OF other important
matters
Most of the morning session was de-
voted to heated consideration OF a
question as 70 whether the Spanish
War veterans or the Sons of Veterans
should march frst' In the escort section
OF Grand Army parade.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-10-02
SOUTHERN DISTRICTS
SHOWING UP WELL
Business Better IN Every Section Re-
ported BY Reserve Agents Ex-
cept Philadelphia.

Washington, Oct With the sin
gle exception Of Philadelphia, business
conditions are declared to be improv-
ing in every Federal Reserve district.
according to the regular monthly re-
ports of the Federal Reserve agents
made public in the Federal Reserve
Bulletin today.
The Reserve agent at New York re-
ported that wholesale business had
expanded In September and made a
statistical comparison with the finan-
cial conditions there year ago, which
he regarded as justifying optimistic
conclusions
The Reserve agent at Boston noted
many signs of Improvement.
The three Southern districts re-
ported promising prospects because
Of the better prices prevailing for cot
ton and the general feeling of conf
dence obtaining among cotton plant
ers and the bankers who do business
with them.
The Philadelphia Reserve agent re-
ported as result of inquiries made
of 500 representative firms in his dis
trict that domestic business Is not ~
to normal. although firms dealing in
emergency oders are working to ca
ttsfeitx w.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-10-02
Ant,espct,ns Daytime Darkness.

In the powerJ,ouse Of a well-known
electric company IN New York the
mighty outflow OF current from the
generators rises and falls with the big
steadiness that comes from use by
500. 900 peop'c at once. and is close
ly watched. Only when q black storm
covers the city in the daytime, and
millions OF lights are simultaneously
turned on. Ia there any sudden rush
OF the food.
And this 10 prepared for to the min
ute. Added fires under boilers and
reserve turbo- generators get into ac-
ton without waste or failure. The
storm has been electrically spicd out
when It was still forty miles away.
Ihe antennae of wtreicas station
atop the power-house has felt itz
static influence and given warning
through Instruments below OF tho APP.
proach When the load comes sud-
denly upon the cables the machinery
IL already getting In motion tn meet
'it.--Frsdsrtck Todd, In this World's
Work.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-10-02

tContinu ID From First Page.I
that personally the fact that there was
no assurance that Russia is not to
benefit deferred him and impelled him
to advise his firm against participa-
ton as a firm. 1t was said outside,
however. that this does not preclude
the participation OF individual mem
hers of the firm. Otto III. Kuhn and
Mortimer Schiff are to subscribe on
their own behalf II was said.
The word from Chicago today was
more reassuring than ever. Subscrtp-
tions were pouring into such insti-
buttons as are openly subscribers and
among them IL was said were many
men with German names Some OF
these subscriptions have come from Nil
waukee and Detroit in which Teu-
tonism and powerful pacifcists was
thought TO dominate.
II has been decided that the sub
scriptions to the bonds will be paid
in three installments. rs per cent must
be paid by October Is, IS per cent
on November Is and SO per cent on
December Is.