The Climax-Madisonian. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1914-1917, 1915-08-11

mans from East Prussia seized kalicZ,
in Russian Poland, Aug. 3, and on the
9th Austrian invaders from Galicia
drove the Russians beyond Lublin,
north. On the Goth the Russian army
was marching south against Lemberg.
capital of the Austrian province of Ca
hcia. By the end of August a Russian
column which entered East Prussia
from wilma and Warsaw had been de
stroyed in a five days battle around
Allenstein and Tannenberg This re-
verse in the north was counterbal-
anced by sweeping Russian successes
in Galicia, where Lemberg was taken
Sept. 3 and the Austrians driven back
on Cracow. In the north the Germans
ventured into Russia, but were defeat
ed at AugustOwo In October the Ger
mans advanced on Warsaw through
Poland, but were driven back to Ger
man soil. In November the Russians
advanced to German soil, but at the
close of the year the Germans were
again within two days march of War
saw. Cracow, however, was under siege
and PrZemysl surrounded by Russians.
In October the Germans who had re-
and marched to the channel coast at
Ostend. During the month the French
swung their left flank northward, and
throughout November and December
there was continuous fighting all along
the line from Verdun, In northeastern
France, to the Ypres canal, in south
western Belgium. Zeppelins and British
and French biplanes and other air craft
taking part
a naval preliminary to advance over
land upon Constantinople.
A new and highly dramatic aspect
was given to the war in March when
the allies assembled the powerful feet
at the western entrance to the Darda-
nelles and prepared to force a passage
through the Turkish forts along shore.
The ships were expected to silence the
main forts and cooperate with land
troops which would march on Con-
stantinople. The vast enterprise for
the conquest of Constantinople was an
nounced as desperate effort to open
the southern seas to Russia for the
purpose of getting in war supplies and
munitions In the February attack
the forts at the entrance had been ST.
at the beginning Of 1915 the situa-
ton on the several battle fronts was
as follows: The Germans occupied ali
OF Belgium except a district in the
southwest corner. Their right flank
rested on the British channel near Nieu-
port. From this point the opposing
German and allied lines ran in a gen.
eral direction south, passing through
or near Ypres, Belgium, and Lille, Ar
ras, Peronne to Noyon. all in France.
At Noyon the lines bent eastward, past
scissors to Rheims, verdun, thence
southeastward past Nancy (French) to
the Vosges mountains. from where
direct southwark stretch of 100 miles
carried it to the border of Switzerland.
partly on French and partly on Ger
man soil (Alsace). On this line of APP
proximately 400 miles as the trenches
lay there were about 100000 French,
$4,000 British and 10000 Belgians
The British and Belgians were on the
allied left flank in Belgium and near
the border. The French held the line
from near Lille to the Swiss border.
Both sides were intrenched- The
new year opened with lighting around
Newport, the Germans being the ag-
gressors. On the allied right. particu-
larry in Alsace. along the Vosges and
around holman. the French took the
initiative. On the eastern front the
Germans were within twenty five
miles of Warsaw. Poland. and were
making desperate efforts to control the
passes on the Bsura and Rawa rivers.
In, Galicia the Russians abandoned
their long siege of Cracow and began
a second attempt to invade Hungary
through the passes of the Carpathians.
The strength of the armies on the
Who'll eastern front was probably 1000
600 on each side. In front OF Warsaw
both armies were strongly intrenched.
In the Caucasus the Russians claimed
to be overcoming the Turks Germany