davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
MOTOR USES HAVE
DEVELOPED STEEL
Heat Treatment Gives Any
Desired Degree of
Toughness.
BY +. G., JAIN, NJ. +.

A piece of pure iron, as generally
known, will not increase in hardness
when heated TO a red heat and
quenched in water. The presence, how
ever, of a small percentage Of carbon
converts the iron into low carbon steel,
such as Bessemer and machinery steel.
More carbon produces the high carbon
or tool steels. These, when heated
and quenched, can be made hard enough
TO scratch glass, but the harder carbon
steel is the more brittle 1t will be.
BY varying the carbon percentage, the
methods of heating and quenching and
by tempering-that is, reheating to
certain temperatures after quenching
and cooling more or less slowly-in-
Vulnerable degrees Of hardness and
toughness can be attained with carbon
steels.
When a part is to have both tough
ness and hardness 1t can be made out
of low carbon steel, which Of itself will
not harden when quenched. By heating
the article after machining in contact
with carbonaceous material like bone,
charcoal, etc, the surface Of the article
absorbs enough carbon TO become high
carbon steel, and will harden when
quenched, while the interior remains
soft and tough.
Carbon steels, however, have their
limitations, although IL has long been
known that certain steels possessed
great superiority over others. 1t is
only recently, since the modern motor
car created new problems, that the
effect of combination of other elements
besides carbon with iron has been thor
oughly studied and developed into great
possibilities.
1t has been found that the combina-
ton Of iron with nickel, chrom m
vanadium, etc, makes it possible TO
produce steels which, when heated and
ouenched, will not harden and become
brittle, but will increase enormously IN
stiffness and tensile strength.
The heat treatment Of modern alloy
steels is a scientifically precise process.
Special furnaces, heated by gas or oil,
and baths of heated lead are used. The
pieces are heated for a definite time
to a specified temperature exactly de-
termined by promoters, and there are
sometimes numerous successive treat
ments, involving annealing, reheating
quenching, heating in oil, case harden
ing and various combinations.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
Motor Car Makers Do Their
Part to Make Touring
Popular the Com
ing Summer.

With a view to meeting the condi-
tons that will exist when the touring
season opens, the Chalmers Company,
of Detroit, has established a network
Of service stations over the country.
Wherever the lure Of the trail leads
the motorists he will be within reach
of one Of these stations, for there are
500 in all, and they are principally on
the big trunk lines. California will be
the mecca for many thousands OF tour
lists in cars this year. and that state
has received special attention in the
Chalmers scheme. Earl c. Anthony,
the Coast distributor, reports that 1t
will be practically impossible for the
owner, and especially the Chalmers
owner, TO get out of touch with one OF
these stations.
Arrangements are being made by
William Sparks, of the SparksWith-
ington Company, makers of Sparton
horns, to cover the entire route of the
Lincoln Highway with safety First
Sound Sparton" signs. Mr.. Sparks,
who is Mayor OF Jackson, Mich, where
the factory is located, is now on visit
to New York. He reports greatly in
creased sales, despite reduction in
exports.
The Chandler Company, represented
in this city by the Brady Murray Com
pany, reports that it will bring out
new n-passenger model for the
coming season, to sell at the same price
as its regular touring type. The extra
seats will fold into the back OF the
front seat, and will be concealed by
flaps when not in use. When in posi-
ton they will be self-supporting, re-
curing no floor supports, and thus
affording ample leg room for the occu-
pants of the rear seats.
The Garland Automobile Company
has been advised that by March | the
big interstate factory at Muncie, H.,
will be running to the limit of capacity
in the production of the car that made
its bow at the New York show.
The second trainload OF the season
bound for the Far West left the Frank
lin factory, IN Syracuse, last Saturday,
consigned 20 Walla Walla, Wash. The
most recent shipment exceeded the first
in volume by seven carloads. Il Is
claimed that these shipments represent
record Journeys in trainload lots, since
the distance is nearly 5000 miles. The
freight charges on each train were in
excess of $4,000.
Discussing the relative ADVANTAGES
Of six and eight cylinder motors, F. Z.
Moskovics. sales manager Of the Nor
dyke & Marmon Company, Of Indianap-
oils, says: The eight has one advan-
tage over the six. and one only. and
that is shortness Of design. Now the
point arises whether this is q necessity
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
Spark Plugs
in Hard Test

One Of the most remarkable tests 60
which = spark plug has ever been sub
Jected was successfully finished n few
days ago I'm this city I'm the presence
OF an English expert and number Of
local engineers. The plugs used were
the new Bartei enamel type. and the
foreigner has been allowed Go name his
own method of proving the contention
that no amount of misuse could inter
ferc with the functionlng OF the plug.
The visitor chosc To have ~ set Of
four OF the plugs boiled In mixture Of
ordinary mortar. which was reinforced
with collection Of axle grease. glue
and additional lime. The plugs were
then thrown into the mixture, md II
was placed on stove and the sub
stance brought 20 the boiling point.
when the plugs were fshcd out the
points were wiped dry and the plugs
inserted In motor. with one turn
the motor started without the sign OF
n miss. Tho plugs have not yet been
removed and are being used to demon
strate the value of the new enamelling
method.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
Borough President Sound
O0 "a On Proposition TO Set
Aside Locations.
WOULD BE A BOON
TO MANY OWNERS
-, .,.,ate Fee Suggested to Pay
~" -, Handlers Who Would
Protect Machines.

-s,s.;on has been started in this
- an the object Of placing the pr'-
az .,ner Of motor car on an equal
%" nth the taxicab companies and
'''" hsekmen, who are permitted to
.or,,ens Of the city streets as
' ..,,or spaces FOR automobiles ard
ia'A." ,.bieles The first move was
"'" ~ an automobile dealer, but II
-A', .o..sd that thousands Of private
-. - will rally 10 the support Of the
60 .rt once the advantages Of the
. .o.-ossl have been outlined. g..
rT,ry hundreds o. business men, ~ IL
xx.,TT5sved. wou.I buy motor cars for
reoinc % and from business were
=" % .ssurct OF place for storage
nt. The of., hours. As Il stands
c.i.s they consider the storage
o. m garages TO be excessive
Has,'v when the necessary tips are
el''I<Sir the outlay. Tipping garage
~. II NAV be said. is diplomacy
-. tieh order.
"g,.i - {. Puertuer, who distributes
80 and JeFcry cars, started the
.,-ssisn d few days ago win Ie'te .r
800 Bso-SSugh President Marks, and has
80, has been widely commended by
E 4.- dealers aud by those of has Gus
az WHO live out OF town and TO
80 ~, ,ub.c parking space would be a
, w. The letter follows:
~ s.i...smuch as YOU have shown de-
-. .j' s.t,vity IN the matter Of public
I. ..S..s and other civic enterprises OF
-...'.eeSeranle benefit TO New York peo-
" ~ an confident that you will give
N. communication your courteous AT
anton. .,. ,..;+h rruor-
.-. ~,.or,sts Of this city and sub
- nlsces. also dealers IN automo-
- and thew are unanimous IN agree
IL, not ulallc parking spaces 1or au-
.-ssob,les such as are found IN man!
a. arc a present need in Manhattan.
.sThonsands Of automobiles driven oy
.-.;ress men daily pour into TINS cry
...,, the severa. borouGhs ana points
800 THESE people are handicapped
/. being unable 20 stable 'Ae4I az
.sfisfactOrl4V during D~9-i'N'' ,t
81 h IS contrary TO the city oIdlHAI.0e
:. - leave car unattended on ccily
arssts in certain localities. Inc i ,l,
s', reoale do leave cars Unattended
,,.sYse of lack Of Accommodation Is
,,.'sSsorsible for so many cars. tres' eve"
i.iTg stolen. and encourages thleVeIy.
' NJ would be Of immense convenience
, rotorists 90 have arranged puolIc
,,,.ing stations, car owners TO pay
-n5srste fee for checking cars by the
i,gr or BY the day, these ices 10 90
r,o the city treasury. ,.
-Iocst,ons such as the spaces about
Cd. Greensboro Bridge Plaza Fort Lee
ar. certain wide city streets. suen
'.Isfavette Street; the section Of Par5
irs~re lust north Of the Grand Contra!
s,,o1. river front locations. etc. GER
,.r'y II taxicab companies are per
-.,ted to use portions Of the CITY
rect space, why not private owners
r,6sr some well regulated system
JTould Ike an expression from you
regarding your opinion Of the sugges-
ton"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
SKID IS WORST OF
MOTORING MISHAPS
Careful Driving and Use
of Chains Afford Best
Safeguard.
BY +. W. MULLER.

The memory Of one bad accident is
enough TO mar permanently the pleas
ure of the motorist, and it is therefore
O matter of first Importance to take all
precautions 70 guard against even the
semblance Of a disaster of any kind.
Mechanical advances in construction
have so improved the automobile that
there is little excuse for smashes.
Perhaps the only risk that cannot be
entirely eliminated comes in the use Of
the car on wet and slippery streets,
which brings TO the fore the peril of
skidding.
The skid is one of the most nerve
racking of experiences. There is moth
ing that makes a man lose his nerve
so thoroughly as a bad skid that ends
in a broken wheel against curb or
that makes matters far worse by side
swiping" d moving trolley car.
Here the accessory manufacturer has
come to the rescue with the invention
Of the non-skid chains. IL took Ameri-
can inventive genius TO discover that II
there was sufficient pressure on chain
it would take tons of effort to slide 1t
over a wet pavement or the muddlest OF
dirt roads, and that the weight OF any
car itself automatically supplies more
pressure than is ever needed effectively
20 stop tendency 10 slide.
Probably no other device has done so
much to raise the factor Of automobile
safety. When one starts out in the
rain it's an easy matter to go pre-
pared by putting on the chains, and
when it's really met nothing gives
greater feeling of security than chains
on all fours" OF all skids, the front
wheel variety is TO be most dreaded, as
il is the hardest 10 counteract by
manipulation of the steering wheel.
But in the driest weather there may
be the efforts of the street sprinkler
TO contend with or sudden shower
NAV overtake the car within so short
distance OF it's destination that driver
would rather take the risk than get out
in the rain to put on the chains. In
such contingencies the ability to do
the right thing at the right time IS
great help.
wet stretch. Like the lrishman's fall,
it isn't the speed that hurts; It's the
sudden stop that does the damage.
So. by all means, avoid putting on
the brakes. as that simply locks the
car wheels and makes it easier for
them TO slide by preventing their natu-
raj tendency TO roll ahead. -.
The moment the car starts TO slide
off AT the rear turn the front wheels
sharply in the same direction as the
year ones are skdding. Both pair then
present am suite angle TO the line Of
slide movements; and the rear wheels
viii resume rolling and follow the
front wheels instead of skidding. Turn
ing the front wheels in the other direc-
ton will aggrsvate the tendency to
skid TO q dangerous degree.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
uV'Owned System Fa-
'OFed in Preliminary Re
port to City Council.

possible solution Of the old
.'''n Of inadequate street railway
A.. '' and the almost intolerable over
:, -as Of the surface and elevated
a we Chicago board Of aldermen
s,,t'ea. Considering for some time the
A,.,.a Of the motor omnibus.
~ he opposition of the street
rs,,S. company and certain other in
4 u has been proposed TO estab-
p,,S system Of motor buses to be
n. Sna operated by the city.
a !, Commissioner Of Public Service
q, cue Cue a Preliminary report to the
&Ssshe'i fayoring the project and
lc,., alaag twelve suitable routes, to
AD' sua estimates Of the number OF
q pseeaed and the cost Of installa-
',ssoua ~ mas asked for a small appro-
Z Il. 'oF further investigation.
ssss, !. elty decides 70 adopt motor
III ~ WI use for the purpose a
'''V0O,O0O derived from the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
FEWER MAKES OF CARS
Michigan Lines Are 27 Less
Than in January.

Among the 232 makes Of cars regis
alsd in the State Of Michigan during
'lnuary, there were 100 lines OF Mlchl-
q, manufacture. IL must not be IN
tred, however. that all Of these lines
rs row being manufactured, for
asehng Of the list shows that no
ever than twenty-seven lines have
zen discontinued through failures and
ave gone out Of existence, while nine
iss have been absorbed by other com
h,es
lev companies that have failed have
zen reinstatei 90 good standing by
,' purchasers. The buyers OF the
ants have sold the machinery and
'losed Of the parts and what cars
ave been found DOB process Of manu-
As9Ie. The companies that have been
.HVsd are easily counted upon the
yrs Of one hand.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
TO GET RUNNING DATA
Saxon Car Will Make a Thirty
Day Trip.

In order to give the public a good
idea of the cost of running saxon
the local Saxon Motor Company mas oe-
cided to run a car for thirty days from TO,
New York to Albany and return me
trip will cover about 100 miles a oay'
or a total of $500 miles. The saxon
will travel up to Albany on the west
side of the Hudson and return 10 TINS
.citv along the opposite bank. On the
route covered there will be a good va:
riety of road conditions and a lot OF
up and down hill work. -,
A strict record will be kept OF all
exnenses on the trip, and will prove
vainable data for the light car owner
ouring the coming season.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
FRENCH BOXERS AT FRONT
CARPENTER Now a Chauffeur
and Ledoux q Chef.

Georges Carpenter, the famous
heavyweight champion, OF Europe mas
been relieved from the exciting aG,
row engaged as a chauffeur to an Of
6cer of the aviation corps OF the
French army. ;.i.,,ra
French boxer. who has been journals,
tically killed several times, 10 ENGAGE
ss chef at one of the French bases
and is enjoying a we'll earned rest from
the trenches.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04
Discards All Horsed Vehicles

All horse-drawn vehicles Of every
sort must gol That's the verdict OF
the Milwaukee Postoilice Department.
By July Postmaster Schultz expects
TO have only motor-driven equipment
in the Milwaukee postal service.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04

Those who are interested in the prob
lens Of automobile fabrication may
gain some new points next Thursday
evening by visiting the West Side 7. NJ.
c. A., where the subject is TO be the
basis of lecture by A. G.. Thomson,
of the Dixon Crucible Company.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-04-04

Joe Anglada has just returned from
a visit TO the Panama Pacific EXposi-
tion at San Francisco, which he visited
in order to superintend some electrical
installations. On his way home, so no
says, he stopped off in Oregon and shot
black bear.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-06-04
AMAZING REPORTS ARE DAILY HEARD Regarding Earth Substance. Two Are Here Given From Montgomery,
 Alabama

Marvellous reports of the curative effects of natural Nitalitas may be heard daily from cities and towns throughout the eh- tire south A sample of these are given in the following interviews secured in Montgomery
 MT. L. G. Greenhouse of the Montgomery Street Railway company states that his mother has been suffering from stomach trouble for several years; she had hvon in St. Louis and after long treatment they gave her up and she had given up all hope. "One day I decided to maNe her try Vitaitas he said. ''She has taken almost three bottles. Is entirely free from all her troubles and eats anything she wants Nothing is too good to say about Nitaitas'
 MT. H. Grady Walden of 322 Dexter avenue. says: 'I suffered with rneuma- tism for five years; had to give up scs'- era positions on account of the terrible attacks I would have. Have been to Hot Springs, Ark, and to springs in lorida, but nothing ever gave me relief; have taken Vitalitas and have not had d pan since. If has worked wonders with me. I have gained five pounds and feel better than l ever felt in my life.'
 Nitalitas is natures greatest tonic and corrective. Ii should be in every hpne. See the display and sample Vita itas at Averyts Drug Store, 1O9-1I1 9oth st, or write there for information. Also fol safe by Pegram-Patton Drug Co.,, Bessencl, Ala.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-06-04
Washington Surprised

Washington, June 3.-Distinct surprise was evident at the department of Justice and in government circles generally to- day when news came that the federal circuit court of appeals at Trenton had dismissed the governments s suit for dis solution of the United States Steel cor poraton.
 Attorney General Gregory declined to make a statement as to the next move ment of the government. It was gen erally believed, however that an effort would be made to carry the suit, re- garded as probably the most important ever brought under the sherman law, to the supreme court.
 At the department of justice and the White House. administration officials were taken aback by the breadth of the courts decision They had looked for at least partial support of the govern ments charges against the Steel com pany.
 It is expected that before the next steps to be taken by the department are de- terfnined President Wilson will he con- suited on aspects of the case apart from the purely legal questions involved
 With the many involved questions pre- sefited by the case, it was suggested to- day that the President would desire to discuss the matter with his cabinet be- fore any further action was decided on. The suit against the Steel corporation was instituted during the Taft admin istration.
 One of the principal points relied on by the government in the effort to estab- fish the charge that the Steel company was a combination in restraint of trade was the absorption of the Tennessee Coal and Iron coinpany. This combination wa . permitted by former President Roosevelt on representations that it was necessary as means of quieting the financial panic then sweeping the country.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-06-04
STEEL CORPORATION VICTORY WILL HAVE
 MARKED EFFECT ON BUSINESS SAYS GARY

it formed in 1901, either by the intent of those forming it. or by the inherent na- ture of that company's contemplated acts. prejudice the public interests by undnly restricting competition or unduly obstract- ing the course of the steel and iron trade, interstate or foreign If this question be answered yes. then the law was violated and the Steel corporation must be ad- judged originally illegal. If illegal 1t must be dissolved.
 "On the other hand, if these questions are negative. then the Steel corporation should not be dissolved but permitted to pursue that usual course of trade which it was the purpose. as we have seen. of this statute to protect. It will thus be seen that this case is practically one of business facts.
 Judge Burlington then showed that G0 per cent of the steel of this country is produced by the Steel companys com petitors and that in the 10 years since
 it was formed while it's business has increased 4o-odd per cent, that of eight other great steel companies has increas sed much faster, ranging from the Lacka- wanna Steel. which increased & per cent. to Bethlehem, which increased 3779 per cont
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-06-04

question the court said: Recurring, therefore, to the particular question with which this particular part of this opinion deals, namely, whether we should now enter decree dissolving the Steel cor poration on the ground of it's original in- herent Illegal character in 1901, and whether we should also dissolve the sev- eral constituent companies which it ac- quired on the like ground of their original inherent illegal character when they were formed, we think there Is ground for our holding in view Of the facts. proofs and views set forth, that we are not as a court of equity warranted in taking such drastic course as to now decree the dissolution of the Steel corporation or it's constituent companies"
 Acquisition by the Steel corporation of the several properties, including the Ten nessee Coal and Iron company and the James I Hill ore leases. are discussed The testimony of Colonel Roosevelt that he had not interfered with the purchase of the Tennessee plant as means of averting the panic of 1a01, was cited and the court further stated that the Hill ore leases were surrendered before the bill was filed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-06-04
VOLUME OF TRADE
 IS NOT QUESTION


 Of domestic and foreign trade generally the court says. In taking up this ques- tion we dismiss once and for all the question of the mere volume or bigness of business. The question before us s not how much business was done, or how large the company that did 1t; the vital question is, how was the business, wheth- CT big or little, done-was 1t, in the test of the supreme court-done by prejudcing the public interests, by unduly restrict ing or unduly obstruotng trade? Tho question is one of undue restriction or obstruction and not one of undue vol ume of trade.'
 Having pointed out that when the bill was filed in 1911 the Steel corporation wal not inonopolzing or restraining home or foreign trade and that no injunction would issue. the opinion takes up the question whether when the Steel corporation was formed in 1901 its inherent nature was such as to necessitate its dissolution. After discussing the evidence on this