davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
THE CAUSES OF WAR.
Preparedness the Fest Protection Of
Peace.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Str:
There has recently appeared in the
papers many articles regarding the folly
OF expending large sums Of money for
national defence. There are cited the
preparation of Germany n her foes as
a proof Of tho theory hat preparation
for war IL a cause OF war. l cannot
agree with this conclusion.
Many years ago when living In the
West l nearly lost my life because of a
dispute with an Indian. l was not
armed and tho Indian was. He inquired
of one of my friends II ! was armed.
and learning that I was not he en-
deavored to shoot me. Fortunately for
mo he was not quick enough. Had l
been armed II is most probable that he
would not have made the attempt on
my hfe. The lesson was not In vain.
and after that scare / seldom left my
gun behind me-. and never again was
In a siipilar danger. My six shooter
compelled respect.
Our peace loving friends are very
much In error when they believe and
teach that preparing for war Is a cause
at least In part.
The cause Of war Is the false ambi-
tons and false ideals OF nations. Ger
many has been taught for generations
that might makes right. She really
believes that this Ii true. She believes
that England IL money loving. grasp
ing, hypocritical and decadent there
fore England mas served her time. full
filled her destiny. has been weighed In
the balance and found wanting there
fore the future welfare OF the world will
be best realized by overthrowing Eng
land. Germany undoubtedly believes
sLa 49, p,I.. ~ 49,. .AEaA AagttnRa
her to be the one TO accomplish this
high purpose. No amount OF argument.
however clear inc dlspassioned. will
make Germany see the falsity or this
theory. Therefore the court OF last re-
sort, war.
No one can tell when a nation nay
become a danger to other nations be-
cause OF this fact. America has treated
Japan in a manner unworthy OF those
professions Of high idealism 30 Common
to our statesmen Japan has reason for
resentment. Other nations cannot un-
derstand our lax administration OF Jus
tice. TIL Thaw and Becker cases are
too recent 10 be forgotten. Our foolish
mad race for wealth has Justly made
us an object OF ridicule. our other
follies hardly need mention they are moi
peculiar to US. but belong to all races
OF men.
II " but reasonable and the part Of
common sense 10 look to our defences
and to protect our coasts, just as any
man will provide locks and bars 10 his
home. Otherwise his family and prop
erty are open to any scoundrel and
thief who mas wish TO do him injury.
We should provide all the means with
out question we should talk and we
should write that our foolish and short
gf1htAl aHskAt..h AnAs 80 49,
peace loving friends may see that
peace and security depend not on weak
ness but on strength and true ideals
B We wise as serpents and as harm
less as doves" JAMES w. JOHNSON.
ST. ANpRE%s. N. r, August 90.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21

Italy. II Albania 10 to be dfsmem-
bered there seems no reason why
Greece should not have the Pierus
since the people are largely by race
and religion affiliated with her. But
Italy Is showing a strong inclination
to cling to the island that she hos
been occupying since the Tripolitan
war, and to assert her right 20 the
neighboring coast. In exchange for
the Pierus and her contentious in the
.Egean V%ENIzELos has already ex-
pressed a willingness to give up Ka-
vala TO Bulgaria. This grant would
have a strong influence upon Serbia.
with whom she has been in alliance.
in reaching a decision regarding Mace
donla and thus prepa ring the way for
Bulgaria to enter the war.
Reports say that Bulgaria has al
ready taken sides with the Allies. II
she has there Is good reason to believe
that she expects concessions from
Greece and that In spite of the Kings
opposition Greece will DO drawn into
the struggle. vENizELos has In his
entire public career proved himself
far superior 10 men whom he over.
threw and succeeded, and II Is be-
lieved that in this crisis he will show
the qualities of not only a Greciau
but a European Statesman.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
TopsHAM, Me. August 20.
Mr.. CAROLS Articles on Mexico.

To THE EDITOR or THE SUN-Sir: AL
low me TO express my appreciation OF
Mr.. X. @. CAROLS excellent article
upon conditions along the border. With
the Mexican question again looming
larr.r in the affairs OF this country
IT is time that the American public
should have the truth. instead of being
fed on the ridiculous stun circulated MS
the press agents of Mexico's fact,onal
leaders.
Why his Administration should No
eagerly grasp the blood stained hand OF
such "A brute as villa, at the same time
lofuly proclaim!ng It's adherence OF
Huerta. is an enigma which will prob
ably never be explained, In private
life a man has the right TO choose his
own acqusintances, hut the President
Of a great nation ought at least to
show some circumspection regarding
the character OF the nan with whom he
treats, IL non OF the other charges
made against villa were true there
still remains at his door the murder OF
william Benton. concerning which he
has never deigned to offer an e~xplana-
ton.
And this Is the man 10 whom our
State Department addresses official
communications and with whom General
Scott IL sent to confer, Can anything
more ~nauseating, more humiliating, be
conceived? @. w. KNopLAucH.
AMENIA. August 20.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
Venlselos.

No man in Europe has at this in
slant more completely the centre OF the
stage than VENIzELos, and no one GER
tadnly has a more difficult task. lie
stands between the war party of his
own country and his King, he is rec
ognized as the strongest man In the
Balkan area and the one most capa.
BILE of uniting the different countries
on a common issue, and he Is the
hope of the Allies in securing the aid
Of Greece and the Balkans In the
present war.
He Is doing al he has always done
before, keeping his w counsel.
Those who expected him to announce
his choice at the time of the meeting
of the Grecian Parliament have been
disappointed. He has apparently not
attempted to force the issue, and re-
ports from Athens indicate that the
long conferences which he has had
with King CONSTANTINE have been
friendly. An explanation Of his de-
lay In acting. as given by the Hestid
Of Athens, is that he is endeavoring
10 find out how far GoUNARIs, the
former Premier, has committed the
country. This may indicate that his
agitation has turned Greece against
he concession which VENIzELos had
favored or that GoUNARIs has already
engaged his country to a course OF
strict neutrality.
Greece's position is peculiarly DIFF
Hcult. The King from his relation.
ship with the Hohenzollern house ia
believed to be strongly in sympathy
with the Teutonic cause. In this he
IL said TO be backed by the military
class, as many Of the officers received
their training in Germany, The peo-
pie, II the result OF the last elections
Is an indication. are in favor Of the
Allies. Again, the rewards Of inter,
vention that Greece might demand
have never been clearly defined they
seem to extend from the annexation
Of the .Egean Islands to the assertion
81 the ancient claim of heirship to tht
Byzantine Empire ana the occupation
Of ConatNntInople.
Greere's claims In the Balkans cuuli
apparently he more easily eSrahiiShe,
than along the Asia Minor coast
w~'re she comes into conflict will
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21

to state. The most vile and destruc-
tive blood disease is now controlled
through the 8O8 animal experiments
Of EHRLIcH.
Although the antis are less inter
ested in the expenditure of human life
and suffering. 1t IL relevant 30 men.
ton here that three experimenters
found It necessary 10 have themselves
bitten by infected mosquitoes to dem
onstrate the cause Of yellow fever.
Thus did Drs. Carroll, REED and La.
zEAR become martyrs that their fellows
might be able to live in the tropics and
that a new South might arise to bless
thousands. What has been the re-
ward? One of these benefactors Of
mankind. DR.. Carroll, would turn In
his grave II he knew that the meagre
pension allowed his family precludes
the proper education Of his children.
Here Is a fruitful feld for real phi
lanthropy. The South would do well
10 reward the martyr Carroll post
humOusly.
1t Is to be hoped that the conviuc-
ing proof Of the life saving value of
animal experimentation above fur
nlshed may sink deep into the minds
OF our readers, especially those who
will next winter be beseged by ex-
cited reformers.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
WOULD CUT COST OF LIVING.
Conference Of wage Workers and
Planned.

A national congress will be held ~
Chicago October 26. ~ and = ~ '"-
eide upln a programme FOR ~" ZEE
ductIon OF the cost OF living. TIE '.'.
eress will he held under the aisI.'
OF the American Federation 90 !. 20.
the American Society OF Equ!t" and '.
Farmers National Union.
The conference will cous'ar "'
DDS NJ assembling, Transporting a.' ."
tribu,ing various produces e. hf.H- .'I
more direct marketing ~iI.'"
Standardization OF products. I's't, ''N
ings banks, a better money system. .''
storage and w~arehousi'E. cooper ''
stores, cooperative banking, t..r
wooden mills and u3tlors -
tory, mine and shop workers i'
SAYS;
"Oviug to the widespread t-.-
ton and unrest ~throUEAoV' '''
as evidenced by the Colorado. -'.
and West virginia strikes, ia' '.'.
putes ~ settle between employ ..'
employers. the aprointweu' Z
tees Of farmers organi2a'''N I'
sent demands to Congress FOR '"r s'''f'
relief. and the disclosures = ' We
hv the Fedora Commisson on l'i is .'
Relations and learning thr''.-a eve
sive corrcspOndencs that ~. o y
s,n- sentiment ~favoriiE a e."
OF ali farmers Organizations VIZ ~
workers for the plIt pose "'
out some plan whereby ~" orE''''
may cooperate in reducing -" 1T
OF living, the conference mas
cided upon
The secretary Of The oor'"-''N
]. Weller Long. 81 Fast l'"
street. Chicago.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
e

THE SUN desires to call atten-
ton 10 a recent address of DIR. lands,
health officer of Cincinnati. before the
American Public Health Association
on the Influence of Experiments on
Animals on Mortality" The doctor
offers some data that must convince
our readers and Undue them with the
importance of encouraging their rep
resentatlves in the Legislature to re-
sist the inane pleas Of those who are
honestly but stupidity opposed TO vivi-
section. When the Almighty placed
ADAM into a deep sleep. says this doc
tor facetiously, and extracted n rib,
He qualified as the first and greatest
vtvisectionlst OF all time.
Not man alone hut animals OF grea,
value are rescued from disease and
death by ~vivisection experiments. In
England $450,0OO,OO 0 worth OF cattle
succumbed to pleuro-pncumonia In the
first quarter of the last century, and
in our country the cattle industry was
almost ruined. Its prevention by ex-
perimcnts on living animals resulted
in an almost entire elimination If
the disease. Although II cost the
United States 81 ,5oO.UOO, it brought
about the almost entire abolition of
the disease, certainly the possibility
Of fatal epldemics. Chambers, hog
cholera, bovine tuberculosis have de
stroyed millions worth Of fool and
draught animals that are now saved
through animal experimentation,
Since these zoophlls love and regard
more sympathetically their favorite
animals than their Owl fellows, such
facts should convince them of their
folly. The discovery OF antitoxin
through Nviscction has completely re
versed the mortality from this dread
disease. The inestimablc value of
tetanus antltoXin Is daily demon
strated in the European war.
The triumphs of nIUlern surgery
have been made possible only through
v~iylscctlon the buried suture cost the
life of one horse, the catgiIt ~ligaturt
cost calf, the electric bath cure OF
lead poisoning cost one dog. Or
FLrxNER was compelled to sacrifice
twenty-five little monkeys and 1Of
innocent guinea pigs to produce tn.
serum that II robbing meningitis OF
Its terrors. How many rats and fea,
were sacrificed In the discovery OF tn,
cause Of bubouic plague We hesltat,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
Better to Re Sure Than to Re Sorry.

There may be those who criticise
Mr.. WILSON for playlng'golf or taking
a leisurely automobile ride in diplo-
matte crises instead OF walking the
floor anxlously at the White House I;
but VI strikes us hat the President
knows the way to remain cool and
keep his feet on the ground.
When the Lusitnnia was t~orpedoel
and the American people We're slecu-
lating whether the outrage did not
mean war. Mr.. WILSON sought the
golf links as II nothing were OH his
mind; and yesterday he whisked OFF
In an automobile % be one most of
the day, while the story of the sink
ing OF the Arabic was still coming in
and the country was scanning the last
note to Germany AMI asking whether
the Arabic's destruction were no an
answer to II.
There are times when thinking hard
is conducive to clear thinking and
the forming OF sound conclusions. 1t
Is better, then, TO let the mind relax
and return TO the subject later with
faculties fresh and alert. In the last
year Mr.. WILSON has had to do a
deal OF hard thinking, and the strain
must often have been very great. \
little golf. a long ride in the open air,
Is n relief that no sympathetic person
would deny him. 1t makes for calm
and deliberate Judgment when all the
facts are in, as in this case OF the
sinking Of the Arabic, which puts
upon Mr.. WILSON the greatest respon'
sibihty of all in a long and trying
series Of events.
Take your time, Mr.. President!
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
A Nebraska Feud Revival.

Senator HIrcHcooK Of Nebra ska
win be a candidate for reelection next
year with the certainty that whatever
political weight Mr.. BRYAN may still
have in his home State will be thrown
against him. and also with u reason
able probability that the thrifty Com
moner himself will enter the field as
a candidate.
The feud between the two gentlemen
Is exceedingly bitter. 1t was born Of
a debt of gratitude on the part Of Mr..
BRYAN to Mr.. HITCHCOCK, and hon.
ored at maturity in the way such
debts often are. The rowing Prophet
OF Peace cherishes that fervid inten.
sity of hostile sentiment of which an
obligation Of that sort, particularly
dating back TO the beginnings of
n successful career. Is 30 often the
progenitor.
Mr.. BRYAN Is now industriously ex-
ploring and exploiting some of the re-
moter Cha utauqua jungles. Busy as
he is In adding up the gate re-
ceipts, he still has time to keep Il
weather eye open for every sign OF
activity in the Hitchcock trenches.
Mr.. HIrCHcocK on his part is equally
alert 10 any little knife play the be-
nevolent Apostle Of Peace at n Rea.
sonable Price Of Admission may have
in kindly contemplation.
A very pretty fight as 1t stands:
and a fight. moreover, affording pos
sible opportunities for measuring Ger.
tain political forces Of the day. TWEEN
ty.five per cent. OF the Nebraska vote
is German. Mr.. BRYAN Is in one way
strong in that quarter and in another
ccnspic,rously weak. As grippe
juicer committed for the time being
at least to prohibition as a paramount
issue. he Is decidedly weak. As a
skedaddle renegade from his rarty's
Administration. the issue he selected
as n cover for his escape from the
humiliating position In which his all
but pathetic incompetence had placed
him has won cordial hyphenated
| approval. Mr.. HTTcHcocK on the
other hand is anti-grape juice and
antl-prohibition. Moreover, he meets
Mr.. BRYAN fully half way in approval
of Chinese standards of war pre-
paredness and in opposition to wa
munitions sales to belligerents. Ap.
parenty it Is a clear case Of com
pcting bids for German votes.
Meantime the Republicans, mindful
Of the things that may happen TO a
candidate who has incurred united
and aggressive h%yphenate support, a.
illustrated in a certain election N
Chicago OF recent date, are m making a
careful and hopeful inventory Of theil
stock Of Senatorial timber.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
PROVIDENCE. r. l.. August 90.
FREE VERSE OR WORSE?
The Kansas Poet Defends His Mas
terpieces.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: In
our column editorial article on my
book The Dramas OF Kansas" you
Say it is written IN free verse" The
New York Times. in its review, with
strange uniformity, insists the book Is
Ia free verse only the New York
World varies the description. insisting
that the book is written IN "Ners
libIe'
All Of whIch surprises me. sup
posed New Workers knew everything
about literature. That three Of the
great dail.os ~ the metropolis that
sets the literary one step FOR the entire
nation should cali ten syllable blank
verse, the kline that has been in use by
English writers for centuries and the
form that Is therefore entirely respect
able, that this should he termed free
verse ~astouishes a mere kansan.
Neither IN form nor name H. my vehicle
~ expression TO he classified with the
German ~oricination ~ free verse" Even
in its handling 81 commonplaces II but
follows eminent and safe authors for
Shakespeare gave lists Of regiments and
Milton catalogues of angelic characters.
Yet even though | had written free
verse there Is nothing in that to cause
eminently respectable writer's and pub
fishers to acquire the willies. Free
verse" is a logical outgrowth Of the
excessive indiv!dualism Ia literature, So
apparent in all modern books and
papers. which has assumed that moth
ing can be Of interest unless IL deals
with sex and exploits one passion only,
Free verse merely seeks to tell the old
and rather stale story without detail.
In eXclamat!uns and Impressions, more
or less er0tlc and %erratic. Free verse
has one other qualification that should
commend II to the mouotonous pur-
yeyors OF "literatoor" located IN New
York-it IS "a European importation,
Had therefore written free verse
there was more reason for the uniform
lovers to eNtol II.
The trouble with my book Is that Il
deals with social dramas, with big out
door happenings that suggest more than
sex and conventional love II also
dHres to assume that the West which
feeds the East might be respectable. VI
The Kansas city Stdr recently printed
"A column article showing that no Kan
sas news had been printed In any New
York daily for almost two months. The
provinces" apparently need not ex'
poet consideration | consider myself
fortunate that ! broke into the charmed
circle at all. even though ! was made 10
wear the disguise Of free verse" IN
order to gain recognition Nv consid,
GRAFTON, gentlemen my rrofoundes,
consideration. LINCOLN PHIrER.
GIRARp. Kan, August 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
/ Correspondent who Would Be
Happy to Step on the Walk.

To THE EDITOR OF THE ScS-Sir:
"Ammi Wright" Is all wrong. l de-
scend from noble German parents who
came to America In 'ts when gold was
discovered In California. My parents
were never troubled by being "elbowed
of the streets" and my beloved mother
made her last visit to Germany W
years ago.
That these young men IN uniform"
nay be superior" to your correspondent
may not be doubted, for this war has
shown hat they know their business
that they have taken advantage OF the
excellent education their Government af-
forded them. and they have not had to
be dismissed from academies for crib
bling or for other fraudulent practices.
Tit wrong Mr.. Wright need have no
such concern for German-Americans.
II he be an American direct from the
Indians. let him witness a West Point
football game and applaud a good play
from the side lines. There he might
be accosted by a young man I'm uniform
mot his superior') demanding that
he cease applauding. This IL precisely
what occurred in my presence a few
years ago.
Would 10 God that these young men
raise "upturned mustach.s' II II
makes such officers OF them as are
reared In Germany. Should I visit that
country l would not only step aside.
but be happy to raise my hat to these
superior young and old men in uni
form who ave the ability to show
the world that they are not only capa-
Bile Of calling England's blum. but OF
swing that nation a thorough thrash
ing
II this he treason, make the most OF
II. CLARENCE DoRRIES MEYER.
Granville, Mass. August 20.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
when the Arabic Went Down.

There are features OF the Arabic
tragedy that relieve the gloom. The
men on the liner behaved like men
when the ship was sinking, and the
women were brave. 1t was as II the
pa ssengers accepted submarine war
fare" as a peril to be faced calmly
with a heart for any fate. And Cap
tain FINCH and his officers were ready
for the ordeal, the boats swung out
on the dav1ts and the crews at their
posts. There was no running hysteri-
cally up and down, NJ clamor OF fear.
no disorder. Had the Arabic not
careened over at the last all her bUafs
would have taken the water and
every passenger might have been ac-
counted for.
1t was different with some of the
crew. Twenty men in the engine room
went down with the liner. They
stuck to their posts after the ship had
received her death wound. 1t was a
forlorn hope they were engaged IN,
and they must have known It. One
Of them was the third engineer, an
other an electrician. Captain Finch
Is right when he says: They were
real heroes, a thousand times over
Theirs was a bravery greater than
that Of the soldier following his fiag
in the charge under the open skies
The devotion OF these men in the
dimly lit engine room may well haunt
that German officer who from the So,
curlty Of his lurking submarine gave
the order that doomed the Arabic tc
destruction.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-21
THE UNIFORM ON THE SIDE
WALK.
Varying Reports Concerning the En-
cheney Of the Prussian Elbow.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sr: MT.
hoffman In his reply to "Ammi wright
says that the oft repeated tale that Ger
man omcers elbow ladies on the SIDE
walks Is a "canard' which should be
"nailed": that he doubts II II ever hap
pened, and asks "Ammi' II he knows
any one who ever saw II. l cannot
answer for "Ammi." but an American
lady who passed some months In Ger
many tells me II happened to her.
Mr.. hoffman In his reference 10 our
protests to England and Germany ap-
parently assumes that they are OF equal
Importance. Our controversy with Eng
land Ia a question of property rights
That with Germany q question OF the
lives of our citizens. Tit difference Is
as between robbery and murder.
Mr.. HOFFMAN says n that the
submarine has appeared as an avail
able weapon Of defence. Its users are
beyond the pale. outlaws In the interna-
tional world. barbarians.' Isn't this
putting Il a little strong n somewhat
unfairly? No reasonable man condemns
the use Of submarines or questions
Germany's right TO use them to destroy
passenger and merchant ships or her
enemies. What Is claimed Ia that the
custom Of civilized warfare should be
followed. and the passengers and crews
of such ships be spared. This is what
our Government demands for American
citizens. Our Government also refuses
to listen to Germany's absurd claim that
1t has a right to define a certain area OF
neutral water and call II a war zone,
where neutral ships must take their
chances OF destruction by submarines
N. 4. BARTLETT.
MANCHESTER, Mass. August 20.