Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1915-08-04

Continued from Monday
The first great surprise of the war
was the German 42-centimeter t16ia
inch) gun, which hurls for some Is
miles a shell weighing almost ton.
The great Notifications which were
the pride of Belgium. and believed to
be almost impregnable, were battered
into ruins by these guns in a compar.
atiyely short time. Two OF these guns,
stationed 10 miles from Antwerp, com.
petely wrecked its elaborate defense
works Liege and Namur fell SINH
larry.
The use of artillery and machine
guns, In fact, has been one of the prin-
cipal features of the war Great exc.
cudon was done by the new Krupp
llinch howitzer weighing nearly 40
tons. with smile radius. The Aus
trian Finch howit2er also has proved
exceptionally efficient The French
l5-millimeter gun is regarded as one
Of the most effective field pieces
ON ali the European battlehelds ar.
tillery has been the main reliance Of
the various armies. Trenches bristle
with machine guns, which military
men say bid fair to relegate the rife
to a secondary place. II was with ar
tillery that the Austro-German forces
blasted their way across Galicia a few
weeks ago, making what was said to
be the greatest concentration OF
heavy and light field pieces ever seen.
With artillery the British won at
Neuve Chapelle, the Germans at Sois-
sons Every considerable movement
OF infantry is preceded by heavy ar
tillery bombardment, and frequently
the infantry has little more to do than
occupy the positions OF the enemy
made untenable by artillery fire.
Trench Warfare Made Necessary
The deadliness of machine guns
necessitated recourse to trenches, for
no troops in exposed positions could
live within the range of the rapid fir
ers Consequently trench warfare has
developed to an extent never before
seen Whole armies moved into un
foreground quarters, with elaborate
labyrnths of passages and subter-
ranean living and sleeping quarters
The result Of machine warfare was
the use OF ammunition on a scale FOL
which the world was unprepared
England recognized IL as her greates
problem and made David Lloyd
George minister of munitions, Will
power to mobilize the nations work
ers for the production of war mum
tlons on a colossal scale. France tool
similar measures Italy, which ha'
ten months to prepare for war, foun'
ii necessary after two months of fight
ing to appoint by royal decree a su
preme committee to increase the Pre-
duction of munitions The battle o
Neuve Chapele alone is said to hay
cost the British the expenditure o
more powder than the entire Doe
war.
one result of the development O
this form Of warfare Is the eclipse 9
cavalry as one of the principal arm
of the service. Cavalry is still use
TO a small extent on the eastern fror
but its employment in France Writ
ally has been abandoned. The ca
alrymen have been dismounted an
placed in the trenches.
Development Of the Submarine
Almost as conspicuous is the deve
opment of the submarine The r
markable exploits of submarines hay
proved their efficiency so thorough
that already the supremacy OF BATH
ships has been challenged. German
compelled to rely chiefly on the'
craft for her marine activities, HI
gained the greatest success wi
them. Their first large achieyeme
was the torpedoing and sinking
one submarine within an hour OF u
British cruisers Cressy Aboukir al
Hogue In the North sea In Septemb'
Since that time hundreds Of Sesse
warships and merchantmen, have be-
sent go the bottom. In the North 81
the Baltic, the English channel Z
Adriatic and at the Dardanell'
From an causes more than 500 v
sels have been destroyed Enga
has been the creates, sufferer by n