Evening star., 1915-11-21

across to Brazil. They landed them at
Bahia and from there shipped them 10
the United States and the west lhoies.
Thousands were smuggied lnto Nc"
Orleans after we had prohibited the
slave trade, and they were landed IN
Cuba and Porto Rico at the same time.
1t was with one of these lmportatlons
that the first yellow fever came TO
Brazil. This was along about 1895 Just
100 years after the introduction OF
slavery.
The freeing of the slaves was accom-
plrshed after different metnod IN
Brazil from that of the United states.
The BraziIians did not require war
to free more than one third of their
people. The first law for the liberty
Of the colored man went into erect IN
1871. 1t provided that all colored chill
dren born in and after 1872 should nave
the right to purchase their freedom
for sums ranging from $3.50 to sooo In
1885 all negroes over sixty-hVe were
liberated. and in 1883 the institution OF
slavery was entirely abolished In or
der to bring about this act great agi-
tation was necessary. The campaign
for the freeing of the slaves began
thirty years before they were given
their liberty, and among the agitators
were two negroes who ranked there
much as Frederick Douglass ranked in
the United States. These men were
Luiz Cana and Jose do Patrocinio.
Each of them probably was the equal
great weight with the republic There
were also associations inspired by the
abolition movement. and Emperor Dom
Pedro II encouraged the cause.
Today large number of the negroes
own property. Some OF them have
bought this with their earnings; others
were given small allotments of land by
H.
money as mechanics and few have
found place in the professions as
lawyers. doctors and editors. Not long
ago the Bishop of Amazonas. terri
tory about one-afth the size of the
United States, was a colored man, and
the chief editor of the most popular
newspaper of Rio had African blood in
his veins.
at first the freeing of the negroes
disorganized all kinds of industries.
The supply of free labor was made
quate. and the slaves at frst did little
but loaf They came to the cities. and
it was only when they found they
could not obtain food without working
for IL that they drifted back to the
farms For time many plantations
had 10 be abandoned for lack of labor.
and not far from the city of Rio de ia
neiro there are still large estates
which have become 1ungles. although
ing large crops
The whites are increasing rapidly
by immigration and the bulk of the
immigrants are going to the south
This increase of the whites in region
where they are already so greatly in
the majority will eventually make that
part of the republic like our states of
the north. Before the European war
began immigrants were coming in at
the rate of between 100000 and 200. 900
a year. and as soon as the war is over
there will be an increase. All of the
state governments of Brazil are spend
ing large sums to encourage immi-
grants. Many of them have Immigrant
hotels. and not a few have established
colonies and do all they can to bring in
new blood. The most % the immigrants
come from the southern states of
Europe, and chiefly from Italy. More
than half the number are Italians and
1t is estimated that there are more
than 100000 Italians now in the re-
public
Many of the immigrants are employed
In the coffee plantations. not 4 few are
In colonies. and many are making
money. / have statements from the
government which show that most of
the Italian colonists of Sac Paulo, who
have been here for twenty years, have
incomes of about $4,000. while four
have incomes Of $4,000 per annum
Three have incomes of more than
$4,000, while one has $4,000, and an
other is the owner of three factories,
100000 coffee trees. and has an in
nual income OF $4,000. am told that