davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1915-10-28

The simplest form Of a practical
poultry mouse is built on the shed
roof plan. 1t faces the south and has
windows rather high up in front to ad,
NIT sunshine clear back to the roosts.
The design shown in the perspec-
tive and floor plan was worked out by
the president OF the Poultry associa-
ton Of New York state some twelve
or fifteen years ago. He wanted a
poultry house sixteen feet from front
TO back. He was particular to have
the ends and back OF the building
made air-tight by the use Of building
paper or felt roofing and matched cell
ing inside of good quality put OF with
thick paint in the groove. He did not
care much about the outside Of the
building, so long as the material was
good and well put together, but the
inside occupied his attention until he
got q practical house that gave uni
versal satisfaction.
Along with the shed roof design and
scratching shed practice came the So
called curtain front. The size Of the
curtain front area must be regulated
to suit the climate. Usually the front
sash are hung from the top OF the
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1915-10-28

opening. They are hinged to swing
back and button up against the CELL
ing. In extreme cold weather, some
of these glazed sash are made to close
part Of the curtain front opening, but
the weather is never cold enough in
New York state to close the opening
entirely.
Other systems of ventilation were
but experiments by using only thin
cotton cloth over the window open.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1915-10-28

ings finally won out as being not only
the best, but the only plan whereby
the poultry house could be properly
ventilated in winter.
f. The scientific principles of this lit.
tie poultry house are recognized as be.
Ing the nearest approach to perfec.
ton of anything in the shape of q
poultry house.
The roof IL low at the back, some
of these poultry houses being not
more than three feet high at the north
side and about seven feet in front.
Old.fashioned poultry houses were
built for the convenience of the atten.
dant. Modern poultrymen have IN
idea that . poultry house should be
built to accommodate the fowls and d
they are not especially high headed,
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1915-10-28

Girlie-Ive been reading, Harold.
that kissing is hygienically unsafe. and
think Of the number of times you have
kissed me!
Harold-Oh, well. there's safety In
numbers, you know.-Life.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1915-10-28
Is Simplest for Practical Use Un-
der All Conditions of Climate
and Weather.
EMBODIES ALL MODERN IDEAS
Present Design Has Proved It's Worth
by Fifteen Years Of TrIal--is Two
Family Apartment Building With
Lime Floor and Concrete
UNDERMINING.
sy WILLIAM A. RADFORp.

Mr. William A. Radford VIII answer
questions and give advice FREE OF
COST on all subjects pertaining to the
subject OF building work on the farm. for
the readers OF this paper. on account OF
his wide experience as Editor. Author and
Manufactures, he is. without doubt, the
highest authority on all these subjects.
Address all inquiries to William A. Rad
ford, No. 1927 Prairie avenue, Chicago,
Ill. and only inclose two-cent stamp for
reply.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1915-10-28

The idea OF owning a typical bunga.
low appeals to ali young persons and
most older people. A real bungalow
is low and wide in proportion. 1t has
a comparatively fiat roof that projects
several feet beyond the sides OF the
house. thereby carrying out the pro-
tectiye principle that the roof is de-
signed for.
The oldtime bungalow idea Is
splendidly illustrated in the accom-.
panying picture, and the floor plan is
very clearly shown in the diagram.
1t is a little house about 26 feet
square on the ground, but the roof
demands considerable nor room.
The appearance OF the bungalow de-
ponds greatly upon the design and
construction of the roof. To get the
proper effect two rules must be re-
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1915-10-28
Is SplendidIy Shown in This Case,
Planned for Both Young
and Old People.
LOW ROOF AND WIDE EAvES
OF But Three Rooms II Yet Has Many
Features Of Interest-Porch, Fire
place and Wide Rooms Prom
ise Comfort and Pleas
use 10 DWelIers.
BY WILLIAM A.. RADFoRD.

Mr.. William A. Rsdford will answer
questions and give advice FREE OF
COST on all subjects pertaining to the
subject Of building, for the readers OF this
paper. On account OF his wide experience
as Editor, Author and Manufacturer, he
is, without doubt. the highest authority
on ell these subjects. Address all inquiries
to William A. Radford. No. 1877 Prairie
avenue, Chicago. H., ana only enclose
two-cent stamp for reply.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1915-10-28
Professional 0arb,

Professional oarb.
There IL an unpleasant suggestion
In your friend. the surgeons. attire"
How do you meant"
Il notice he 10 wearing . cutavay
coat"
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1915-10-28
Ilona Felt Want.

long fot want.
Rankin-Umsou has taken out pat
emit papers.
Phyle-What did he INVENT
Rankin--A dog mussle that will also
serve ~ . mumsr for the bark q
night
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22

The Leader has the largest circulate on
II any paper In the county conse.
quently 1t is the best advertising
medium.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22

Eat week at the Merchants
for $3.50.
Merchant Warren Hall was
over from Siletz Monday.
A. G. Crawford of Lower
Farm was in the city Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. M. L. Trapp
spent. Saturday at Chitwood.
Grant King, the Siletz land
lord, was in the city Wednesday.
Mrs. Lee Wade returned Tues
day evening from a visit at AL
bany.
c. c. Pond and Frank Lane
are hauling flour to Silctz this
week.
Joe Kosydar of Lower Farm
was in the city Monday after a
load of flour.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Enos spent
several days at their Toledo
home this week.
Mrs. J, F. Spooner and chill
dren returned last evening from
a visit at Summit.
Born-To Mr.. and Mrs. Frank
Cruson at Albany, Saturday, Oc-
tober 10th, 1915, a boy.
Mrs. II. ]. Groth arriv ID over
from Dundee last evening, where
she had been visiting with her
parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gordy OF Oregon
City arrived last evening for a
visit at the w. e. Ball home In
this city.
The steamer Fifield finished
loading lumber this morning and
left for San Francisco on high
tide, about eleven o'clock.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Trapp de-
parted yesterday morning for
their home at Los Angeles, after
a visit with Harry's parents in
this city.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22
MARTIN THOMPSON
DIED THIS MORNING

Martin j. Thompson passed
away at 2 O'Clock this morning,
at his farm residence a mile
north of town. Mr.. Thompson
had been. suffering from liver
trouble for the past year, and the
last several months has gradual
ly failed.
Mr.. Thompson was about 60
year Of age at the time of lis
death. He had resided here the
past eighteen years. He leaves
a family Of six boys to mourn
| his loss. They are Thomas Ed
win, Alexander md Alphaia of
this place and Levy and Harold
who live at Tacoma, Washing
ton. He has one brother, John
Thompson, who lives here at
Toledo.
Mr.. Thompson was a carpen-
ter by profession and worked OH
many of the buildings that have
been built in this section. Fun
eral services will be held at the
home Sunday morning at ten
o'clock.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22
NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS

The County Court Of Lincoln
county. Oregon, will receive
sealed bids for the construction
of the Chitwood bridge across
Yaquina river at Chitwood. Bid
der to furnish all material.
Bids to be in accordance with
plans and specifications now on
file in the Office of the County
Clerk, and the bids must be filed
with the County Clerk on or be-
fore one O'Clock p. M, Wednes-
day, November 8, 1915. Each
bid must be accompanied by "a
certified check amounting to s
per cent of the bid submitted.
Dated, October Ia, 1915.
R. H. Howell,
County Clerk.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22


Quite a bit of dissatisfaction
has been expressed with regard
to the new system of road dist
riots now in effect. We believe
that a good share of this dis
satisfaction AS expressed is the
result of people expressing them
selves without first having made
study of the situation. Now,
we, the whole of Lincoln county,
are interested in good roads, and
we are going to have good roads.
Our present County Court has
demonstrated that it favors good
roads, and is working for good
roads. In order to get the best
results the Court must be in a
position to handle the situation
in business-like manner. Lin
coin county is like big family
with the County Court as the
parent. Now, its up to the par
ent to provide for all the kids.
Just because John, with his po-
tato patch, does not contribute
as much to the family treasury
as Mary does with her chickens,
Is no reason why John must 20
barefooted. Because the tim
Der wealth lies in the north and
south parts Of Lincoln county is
no reason why the rest of the
county should derive no benefits
therefrom. The timber belongs
to the whole county. Good
roads In one district and bad
ones in the next do not get us
anywhere. Heretofore one road
district would vote big special
tax and perhaps its neighbor dis
trict would vote none, leaving
Its progressive neighbors to wal
low through as best they could.
Under the new order we will all
pay an equal road tax and, while
1t may not prove the success that
we think 1t will, still we believe
1t should be given trail.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22
NOTICE OF FINAL PAYMENT

In the County Court for the
county of Lincoln.
To All Whom this May Concern.
The County Court for the
county of Lincoln, state of Ore
gon, will at 10 O'Clock a. m. on
the Sd day Of November, 1915,
make final payments to Turbyne
& Wagner on the contract for
the construction of the Newport
and Siletz Bay wagon road.
Any protest against the above
payments will be heard on or
before 10 a. m. of said Sd day of
November, 1915.
| First Publication, October Is,
1915, Last publication, October
29, 1915.
R. R. Miller, County Judge
VIM. Wakefield, Commissioner
O. Y. Hurt, Commissioner.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22
NOTICE OF FINAL PAYMENT

NOTICE OF FINAL PAYMENT
In the County Court for the
county of Lincoln.
To All Whom this May Concern:
The County Court for the
county of Lincoln, state of Ore
gon, will at 10 o'clock a. m. on
the Sd day Of November, 1915,
make final payments to ]. C.
Altree on the contract for the
construction Of the Depot Slough
bridge.
Any protest against the above
payments will be heard on or
before 10 a. m. on the said Sd
day Of November A. D., 1915.
First publication of this notice
October 15, 1915, last publica-
ton October 20. 1916.
r. r. Miller, County Judge,
VIM. Wakefield, Commissioner
O. v. Hunt, Commissioner.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22

missioner $500
F. H. Lane, ct al, work
in road dist 8 ... 1865. 81
| w. p. McGee,s NOSE for y
county charge. 4. I. $50
Fred Luethe, ct al, work
in road dist L. 1850
s. Lindton, auto hire. .... AGO
R. w. Pepin, bridge work
in road dist. 15. .... 1892
Jos Parkhurst, work in
road dist 6. 4. 547.16
w. r. Wakefield, salary
Commissioner. I. 1900
Turbyne & Waggoner, work
in road dist g.. 4. i. 727.6O
Petition Of w. S. Hall, ct al,
for change of county road, dis
missed. u
Petition of E. Il. Faulkner, ct
al, for change Of county road,
granted.
Petition of G. S. Hanson, ct al,
for Court to reconsider the mat
ter Of county road district, dis
missed.
Vote of thanks extended to the
Ona Good Roads Club for sup
porting the Court in its recent
action in Road District matters,
S. T. Loudon was appointed
to take the county exhibit to
Portland.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22

Attorney p. A. Laffsrty an
Inounces that after November 1st
he will be In his Toledo office
Thursday. Friday and Saturday
Of each week.
G. X. Freeman returned from
Siletz where he had the contract
for painting the new high school
building. ~
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22
SOUTHERN PACIFIC

John N. Scott General Passenger Agent Portland Oregon
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22

ADVERTISING RATES
Display, 10c. per inch each issue.
Readers, &c. per line each issue.
'For Sale,' Wanted" Etc, up to Ave
lines, 25c. each issue, Soc. per month
Legal Notices, regular rates.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22

SUBSCRIPTION PRICES
One Year, In advance ......... $1.60
Six Months, in advance. ....... rs
Three Months. In advance. 80. so
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22
Phone, zoos
COMMISSIONERS COURT
ADJOURNED TERM

The following Is a synopsis of
the adjourned September term
of County Commissioners Court
held here last VIC elk:
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22
p. A. LAFFER
LAWYER

ofstadah' Building, Rooms and 2
VIII practice in any Court Of the
County or State. or in any OF ths
United States Courts
Terms the most reasonable. Consul.
tatIon Free.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22
Scenic Shasta Route

Through the wonderful Valleys OF the
Willamette. the Sacrameneo, the Ump-
qua and the Rogue offers exceptional
diversion.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22

Dentistry on easy payments.
See DR.. Berry.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1915-10-22
Low Round Trip Fares

Full particulars with copy OF booklet
"Wayside Notes, Shasta Route" or
California and Its Two World Expo
sitions" on application TO nearest agent
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20

Sheriff Peterman is having a
large mum Der of grape fruit trees
and orange trees planted on his
farm, situated in the rear of the
town of Franklin. He has had
the ground surveyed and staked
OF by surveyor. The ground
has been prepared in a scientific
manner, and the trees are being
planted under the direction of Dr.
0. ?. Dahlken, the tree scientist
of st. Mary. There will be plant
ed this month two hundred grape
fruit trees, and one hundred
orange trees Of different kinds,
and more will be added next sea-
con. On his farm Sheriff Peter
man has a number of bearing
pecan trees which yield the finest
and largest pecan nuts. He has
inaugurated an extensive poultry
yard, which is operated and cared
for by the latest improved meth.
DDS. 1t would be we'll for our
vicinity if other farmers would
follow the example Sheriff Peter
man sets.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20
Teachers Examinations.

Examinations for white teachers
will be held on April 5, 6, Z, and
for colored teachers April 8, 8, 10.
Examinations must be written in
ink and applicants will be grade
upon penmanship exhibited in
their papers.
Uniform paper s" K ID" must be
used.
The following are the subjects
for the various grades OF certiti-
Gates:
Special High School subjects las
applied for) English Grammar
and Composition. Theory and
Art of Teaching.
First Grade Certificates: Plane
Geometry, Higher Algebra, High
er Arithmetic, English, Grammar.
Composition, History Of the
United States. Contribution of
Louisiana, Political and Physical
Geography, Physiology and Hy-
giene, Spelling, Penmanship,
Theory and Art OF Teaching.
Second Grade Certificates: Ele-
mcntary Algebra, Arithmetic,
English Grammar and Compost
ton, History of the United States.
Geography, Physiology and Hy-
giene, Spelling, Penmanship,
Theory and Art of Teaching.
Third Grade Certificates Arith-
metic, English Grammar and
Composition, History of the Uni
ted States, Geography, Physiolo-
gy and Hygiene, Spelling, PEN
manship, Theory and Art OF
Teaching.
D. N. FOSTER,
Parish Superintendent.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20
FIRM FOUNDATION.
Nothing Can Undermine 1t II
Franklin.

People are sometimes slow to recOg-
nize true merit. and they cannot be
blamed. for SO many have been hum
plugged in the past. The experience
of hundreds of franklin residents, eX-
pressed publicly through newspapers
and other sources. places Doan's
Kidney Pills on firm foundation
here. c.. +. Johnson, Z. Main st
Franklin, says: Some time ago |
had considerable backacho and my
kidneys didn't act just right. AS
Doan's Kidney Pills had helped one
of my family who had suffered rom
a similar trouble. | used them. The
first box eased the pain in my back
and made my kidneys act regularly.
| used two boxes of Doan's Kidney
Pills in all and since then my back
has caused me but little trouble
When l have needed a kidney medi-
cine sidce then. few doses of Doan's
Kidney Pills have soon given me re-
lief
Price SOC at all dealers. Dom
simply ask for a kidney remedy-get
Doan's Kidney Pills-the same thai
MIR. Johnson had. Foster Milburr
Co., Props, Buffalo, N. Y.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20
CHI A r.. II E X
Boudreaux Furniture Com
pany, Inc.
STATE OF LOUISIANA,
PARISH OF ST. MARY.
OF

STATE OF LOUISIANA,
PARISH OF ST. MARY.
Be it Known That on this, the eleventh
day of the month of March, in the
year of our Lord Nineteen hundred and
fifteen.
Before me, Paul Kramer, Notary
Public, duly commissioned and quail
fl ID within and for the Parish Of ST.
Mary, State of Louisiana, and in the
presence of the witnesses hereinafter
named and undersigned. personally
came and appeared the persons whose
names are hereunto subscribed, all OF
full age of majority and all residents OF
the Parish of ST. Mary. State of Louis
lana, who severally declared that. avail
ing themselves of the provisions OF the
Act of the Legislature of this State. be-
ing known as Act No. 267 of the SEES
sion Acts of 1914, they do, by these
presents, covenant and agree and bind
themselves. as well as such other per-
sons as may become hereafter associa-
ted with them in order to form and
constitute a corporation or body polite
in law, for the objects and purposes,
and under the stipnlations following,
tO-wit:
ARTICLE |.
The name and title of this corporation
shall be BOUDREAUX FURNITURE
COMPANY, INC, o. Franklin. La.
and it shall have and enjoy succession
and existence for period Of ninety
nine wears from date hereof.
[, shall have. enjoy and possess al
the powers, rights and privileges ant
| immunities accorded to corporations
| under the law
ARTICLE II. 4,
The domisile of this corporation M snan
be in the Town Of Franklin. 81. .t Mas
Parish. Louisiana, where az g, ou sarva,1
and other legal processes shan oo SCI f I h;s
uron the President. and 10 case "a us
sbsence mon the Vice fesi1ent, ana
in case of the absence " ."a =. ,r.aasnma,
den ,' upon The secretary or Treasurer
| thereof. pTIcI.EuI
nj. objects and purposes for whict
n corporation is organized. aud the
. I'm of the business to be carried on
Nv i are hereby declared to be: to pur'
| chase aud acquire the stock in trade
accounts, good will, and general bust
ness of any mercantile business that i
may desire, aud to carry on aud con
,,.-ssct general merchandising, furnitnr'
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20

Mr.. Emile Robchaux was killed
by an accidental discharge of dy-
Mantle last Tuesday at Buckville,
eight miles from New Orleans, on
the property of the New Orleans
and Lake Shore Land Company,
for whom he was working, blow
ing up the stumps with dyna-
mite. His body was terribly
mangled. The cause of the ex-
plosion is not known, because
Mr.. Robichaux and his helper
were instantly killed, and no
other persons were present at the
time the explosion happened. Mr..
Robichaux was respected citizen
OF ST. Mary parish. He leaves a
widow, who is the daughter OF Mr.
Pierre Barrilleaux, OF this parish,
and several small children to
mourn for him. To them the Ban
ner extends its tenderest sympa'
thy.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20

Mr.. S. q. Dupuy. of the La.
State Board of Health, was in
town last Monday and Tuesday.
Mr.. Dupuy visited Franklin in the
interest Of the laws of the State
Board of Health. He was on an
inspecting tour as to the reporting
of deaths and births by the ply
sicians of our town. and we learn
that our physicians have reported
the births and deaths in accord.
anca with the law, and that a
faithful record thereof was kept
by the local registrar of births
and deaths.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20

The roof of the residence of Mr..
Arthur Legendre was partially
kaestroyed by fire last Tuesday
He was insured by the firm OF
John G. Lewis & Co. Mr.. Lewis
Immediately proceeded to have
the damage repaired.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20
FOR RENT.

Lower floor brick building FORM.
erly occupied by Commercial
Bank & Trust Co. Next to new
postoffic.. Beet looation in town.
Low insurance rstcs. Apply to
THOS. S. BODIN.
* franklin, La.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20

A pain in the side or back that
catches you when yoh straighten up
calls for rubbing application of BAL
LARD'S SNOW LINIMENT. 1t re-
lakes the contracted muscles and per-
mits ordinary bodily emotion without
suffering or Inconvenience. Price 23c.
soc and Sl.00 per bottle. Sold by
Foster Drug Co.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20

4 District Attorney w. G. Baker
has been very busy during the
past week, preparing for the jury
Germ Of the District Court. and IN
bummoning of many Witnesses to
appear before the grand jury,
Which convenes on the 9th day OF
April next.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20
CLERKS OFFICE,

CLERKS OFFICE,
PARISH OF ST. MARY, LOUISIANA.
I, Wilbur II. Kramer, Clerk of the
23rd Judicial District Court, St. Mary
Parish. Louisiana, Ex-officio Recorder
thereof, Go hereby certify that the
above and foregoing is true and cor
rect copy of the original as on file and
of record in my Office; recorded in Book
l. Record of interpretations. under en-
try No. As, of date March 18th, 1915.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20

All kinds of blacksmith and
wheelwright work done on short
notice and prices reasonable at
Abel Boudreaux's blacksmith shop
Ibert addition.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20

The Pate family, high class
musicians and singers, will be at
the Opera House on Monday.
Tuesday and Wednesday, March
o. % oath. The Pates have a
$1,000 set of musical Instruments.
Among their large collection, they
have the electric myrimbo, the
latest musical sensation. Three
reels of pictures and this big at
traction-a dollar show by itself
for 10 and zoe.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1915-03-20

The Boudreaux Furniture Com.
pany, Inc, with capital stock OF
Bic. 900 90 was organized the past
week. The officers of the COM
|pany are: E. A. Bondfeaux,
president; Mrs. A. l. Boudreaux,
Vice. president; S. J.. Boudreau
,becretary; A. L. Boudreaux, treas
sufer.