davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
ANCIENT INDIAN MINERS.
Their Method of Working Copper
Deposits of Lake Superior Region.

, The copper mines in the Lake Su.
perior region We're most. important to
the Indians. When We remember
smelling of ores We can appreciate
the value of these mines. In them
the native metal ecu both in small
pieces and great masses. The Indians
had only to d'~ away the earth and
smash the lusns with stones, some of
which they provided with a groove
and attached to a handle by means
of a withe around the groove.
Archaelogists have found that they
also built fires upon the rocks and
thus cracked them that they might
more easily be smashed with ham
mers. One piece of copper prIpped
upon poles over fifteen feet below
the surface of the ground was found
by explorers where it had been aban-
doned by the Indian quarrymen.
Weighing almost three tons, it "a
a monument to the industry of the
North American Indians, who have
too often been considered lazy, and
who, we must remember, had only
the simplest tools with which to raise
this heavy mass. One of their shafts,
which contained a mass of copper
weighing several tons, was twenty
six feet deep and the mass of copper
had been raised several feet, probably
the only means the Indians had of
moving it being wedges and sticks.
These We're exceptionally deep
! shafts. many others being smaller.
In one place an area of about 400
acres had been worked over. Judg-
ing from the number of stone ham,
mers or mauls found in {. given bulk
of the debris ~eXcavated from these
ancient disgings thousands and thou
sands of the hammers must have been
used, and may be found by clearing
out the old workings.-Southern
Workmen.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
PRISON TWINE PRICES
w FOR THIS YEAR

Pierre, S. D.-The commission to
fix prices of Irvine from the state
Irvine plant at the penitentiary, held
a meeting last evening to- fix the price
for the next year. This commission
which consists of the members of the
state board of charities and correc-
tions, the governor, the state auditor
and the warden of the ~penitentiary,
made figures for tn mex year as
follows:
Cal Load lots ...... ....6M cts.
Ten Thousand pound lots ....T
Three thousand pound lots "a
Under three thousand lbs. IA
On orders of three thousand
pounds or over, a two per cent dis
count will be allowed for cash.
These figures are practically a
quarter of a cent less than the fig
ures OF last year on all quantities.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
POOR BOY WHO
BECAME RICH
NORMAN B. REAM, WHO BEGAN
ON FARM, DIES, ONE OF THE
COUNTRIES GREAT FL
NANCIERS.

New York City.-Norman B. Ream
a financier and director in many rail
roads, banks and industrial corpor-
atoms, died today at a hospital, aged
II.
Read is understood to have died
after an operation for intestinal
trouble. He was rated as one of the
most prominent capitalists in the
United States and ii particularly
we'll known in the west. where he be-
gan his career. He was M of the di-
rectors and organizers of the United
Steel Corporation.
Ream's caree was typical of the
boy who begins life in a humble sta
tion and rises to wealth and distinc-
ton. When a young man he divided
his time between work OH a farm
and teaching school.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
kETMAN MISSION
AROUSES INTEREST
SPEAKER LAST EVENING CON
SlDEItS THEME OF PARABLE
OF TWO BEGGARS.

Regardless of other gatherings in
the city last evening and of the fact
that another meeting of a similar
nature was having its closing ses-
sion. a fine audience was in attend
ance at the second mcknight meet
ing of DR.. T. J.. Ketman's mission in
Mitchell. w. 7. Wilson's leadership
in song, with the support given him
by the adult and junior volunteer
c%horuses, is a most effective factor
in each service. Just before the
message of the evangelist last eve
ming, Messrs. Wilson and l.. A. Viii
liams sang "Some Sweet Day"
DR.. Ketman considered in a telling
vet simple way the parable OF Dives
Voice from the Pit" a parable which
he considered might better be term
ed "The Parable of the Two Beggers'
since it depicts on the one hand one
poor in this world ultimately rich
in another, begging for material
blessings, while it presents on the
! other hand one rich in this world
| but poor in the next, begging in the
hereafter for spiritual blessings. DR.
Ketman developed successfully the
lessons from this Bible story, thai
God is no %respector of persons, that
heaven, the home of the soul, is 9
place of comfort, that hell is a place
of torment, that there can be NJ
salvation after death and that tho
Bible is a sufficient guide TO God ant
His redemptive grace.
This evening, which is designated
as congregational Night DR.. Ket
man will consider the theme, God:
Blockade Miss Vesta Murray anc
S. A. Wise will sing furnishing !
special number.
Tomorrow evening "Patrioti'
Night TIL members of Company L
the G.. A. r. the w. II. C. and DO.
scout organizations of the city have
been invited to be present reserva
tions being made for the RESPECTIVE
\ bodies. DIR. Ketman will consider d
this sereice the subject Good Sol
| diers". The afternoon meetings a
800 O'Clock are held daily eXcep
Saturday afternoon that hour will b
set aside for a special boys and girl
meeting.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

in America says a report from one
of the representatives in Brussels, !
these are all people of one nation
atty and all with a common and n
deserved misfortune. They are of all
classes but we know none of them
save by number because no matter
what their station or the extent O.
their misfortune they still have J.
amour proper and many of them, If
they We're compelled to write their
names on coupons when they get the
soup would rather starve than take
Il. None OF them think that they
will always have to be in the breao
lines and every one of them feel that
| when it is all over thy will want to
| forget that they have been destitute.
The soup for those pitiful flot-
! sam and jetsam of war is all prepar-
ed in the large st%orehouses of the
International Express Company Van
Gand. More than one hundred peo-
| pie are engaged in this work. Among
, them are former chefs of some of the
leading hotels of Brussels, who give
directions as to the kind and quality
of the soup, its ingredients and their
proportions. Under them are those
who clean the neutrality-suspicious.
carrots, beans etc.-and prepare the
meat. This entire staff is composed
of volunteers except the chefs who
receive at the most half a crown a
day.
"From three O'Clock in the morning
when the cooking of the first 5000
gallons of soup is started, the scene
in the circus-like %storehouse of the
Express Company is IN of tremend-
Gus activity with the moving figures
of the hundred Whitehead chefs, the
fires ablaze under scores OF immense
cauldrons-all dimly seen through
the shifting clouds of pungent steam
rising from the boiling soup.
"When the soup is cooked it is
sent under the seals of the Commits
sion and under the protection of the
American flag, in large lorries to the
twenty-one c%anteens, scattered all
over Brussels. These c%anteens were
formerly schools, dance halls, turk
ish baths, etc. During the morning.
whenever one goes, women n chill
dren may be seen coming and going
With pitchers of steaming soup and
their ration of bread under then
arms
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
WOMAN AND PRIEST
MURDERED IN HOUSE

New Britain, Conn.-Rev. Joseph
Zedris, pastor of st. Andrews Lith-
suanian Catholic church and his house
keeper, Eva Gilman. were found dead
shot to death. The body bore two
bullet wounds. The woman was
strangled with a clothes line, but
she also had a bullet wound in the
wrist.
The body of the priest was found
on the parlor floor and the woman in
her room in the attic.
The police a. there was some
trouble in the parish not long ago
and think the crime may have been
done for revenge.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
MAYOS WILL
GIVE MILLION
ROCHESTER, SURGEONS PROPOSE
ESTABLISHMENTS OF FOUN-
DATION FOR MEDICAL
RESEARCH.

Minneapolis. Minn.-Drs. William
j. and Charles II. Mayo of Rochester,
world famous surgeons, propose to
establish $1,000, 00D foundation for
medical research and to place the
foundation, under certain r%estric-
tions, in the hands of the University
of Minnesota board of regets.
1t is proposed that the interest
from the fund be used in research
work at Rochester open to graduate
university medical students. For
years the Drs. Mayo have conducted
a surgeons "clinic" at Rochester.
The surgeons now propose to put the
work on an official basis, make pro-
vision for graduate instruction at
Rochester. which will lead to an adj
d%itional degree granted by the uni
versity.
Faculty Majority Approves.
At a meeting of the medical col
lege faculty last Friday night the
plan was approved by a vote of IS
to 20. This action will go to the
medical college advisory board to
night, and it is believed certain vii
be approved.
Faculty members II opposed wv
plan Friday said today they woult
take the case to the university gen
eral alumni association.
Details of the plan have not beef
worked out, but the Mayo founda
ton would correlate with the grad
pate school in medicine and tn
school and the foundation woult
each have full access to all the faci
llities of the other. Instructors woul'
be employed by the faculty and the,
would be stationed at Rochester. IN
graduate student would probabl
take a part of his advance course a
Rochester and a part in the twl-
| cities
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
139 WOUNDS IN
THIS RESERVIST
FRENCH SOLDIERS INJURIES
MAKE NEW RECORD BUT HE
Is STILL ALIVE

Paris, France.-(Correspondenc
of the Associated Press).-The rec
ord of 10 wounds received by an
army surgeon has been broken b,
Rene Vidal, reservist of Raincy.
While in the trenches a shell eX.
ploded Immediately behind him ant
the lower part of his body and limbs
were riddled with shrapnel.
From eight in the morning until
evening he lay in the trench without
even first aid. When he arrived al
the auxiliary hospital a thorough
examination showed traces of 13G
separate and distinct wounds.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
REPORT GERMANS
KILLED MARITZ
SOUTH AFRICAN PAPERS SAY
BOER REBEL WAS EXECUTED
ON CHARGE OF TREACH-
ERY.

Pretoria. Union of South Africa
(via Londonl-Certain newspapers
of Pretoria published a report that
Lieut.. Colonel S. G. Martiz, the Boer
officer who has been at the head of
a rebellious movement in South Afri-
ca has been executed by Germans for
treachery. Martiz's movement was
supported by Germans of German
Southwest Africa. There is as yet no
official confirmation of the report.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
ARE you GOING TO BUY LAND

ARE YOU GOING TO BUY LAND
iii SO you should read the Farm
and Real Estate journal. It's edi-
tors are authorities. They will keep
kyoufslnformed on the possibilities in
all sections of the country and will
save you money and mistakes in
buying. Only publication of it's
kind. Established 10 years. Send
loo today Tor 4 months trial sub
scrtption or 25c for one year. 1t will
be stopped at the end of the time
ordered unless you renew. Farm
saudssReal Estate Journal. Box %,
Traer, Iowa.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
REAL ESTATE AT AUCTIoN-On
the sealed bid plan. Bids opened at

1tNAA HSIATE AT AUCTION-On
the sealed bid plan. Bids opened at
our Office every Saturday at 1880
p. "a. Appraised prices are annexed
- follows NEN 23-104-64@ $40
per acre; NEA 21-105-73. $40; w
y NWA. 11-101-62, SO; EM NV
4 .11-101-62, $40 NWA NWA, So
.102-61 $40; NWA, NWA, 14-102-6O
$40; SIS SW. 2O@ $40: NM, NV
290 $44;a Sh, 3~4-113-65. $35; 618
Lot ave. west $1400; 404 4th Ave.
west $4,000 619 Dun st. N. $500.
No reservation made except right to
reject any bids not up to prices nam
ed. Terms Y cash. v each year for
three years at 6 per cent from Oct.
LIST. Bid what you regard the prop
erty worth, whether below, at or
above prices named. Buy now, when
cash Is dear and property is cheap.
All this land will be 800 and over
some day. Weller Land CO., Mitchell
8. D.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
BIGGEST
SOUP KITCHEN
10000 WAIT IN LINE DAILY FOR
DISTRIBUTION BY THE AMER
ICAN COMMISSION.

ence of The Associated Press)-The
soup kitchen organized in Brussels
by the American Commission Tor he-
lief is now undoubtedly the largest
in the world. Nearly fifty thousand
people entirely destitute wait in the
''bread lines every day and over SIX
thousand gallons of soup II four
thousand Kilograms of bread are
daily distributed to them.
"Unlike the bread lines | have seen
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

FOR SALE OR RENT-Typewrit-
ers Of every make. Such machines as
III. G. Smith, Underwood Monarch,
Oliver, Royal, Remington and Smith
Premier for sale at half price and
less.-Mitchell Publishing Company.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

SPECIAL-Sale 10000 No. /
ceder fence posts I feet long cut from
live timber and pealed at the follow
Ing price 4, 5, 6 and Z inch tops. %
10, IL and IA cents each +. o. b. or
9. o. d. 10 per cent with order. l.. w.
Hope, Taconite, MINI.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
KENTUCKIANS LYNCH
C~ONsTABLE'S MURDERER

Mayfield, Ky.-Thomas Tinker.
who 1t is charged shot and killed
Constable Richard Tart, was taken
from the county jail last night and
'l~ynched. The body was then riddled
with bullets. E9se
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

100 ACRE cattle ranch with aTtes-
ian wells and timber. Would take
farm in trade near Mitchell. Adj
dress G, 4. Raymond.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

FOR SALETNew house, S rooms
and bath room; c~istern, furnace
ughtGa chicken house and yard, and
Np4e sshrq6beryi East Side;Ma bar.
barGain on easy terms. Cali $50 T.,
E;iIor Phone fa63as ns s4aas fA1'
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

SOFT.water delivered $3.50 per
tank, $3.50 for two. Call $3.50 s.
Hicks.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
REAL ESTATE FOR sAI4n

A NICE BLOCK OF land with
house Just outside city limits OF
Mitchell. Address Owner, C, F. Ray
mond, Mitchell, s. d.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

FOR SALE-New and secondhand
carom sand pocket-billiard tables,
bar fxtureB OF all kinds. easy pay
ments. The BrunswicksB Bake Col
Street South. Minneapolis. MINI.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

6. r. GREEN'S soft spring water,
$l.75 per tank. Phone 1868.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
FOR SALE

FOR SALE--Nice bright straw,
42 per load and millet seed for
chicken feed. Ha1f mile out. Phone
3362.-Fred Rudloff. sf
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

WANTED-To rent a farm prefer
one suitable to handle sheep.--H6,
care Republican.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

EXPERIENCED -stenographer
desires position. Address NIL in care
of Republican.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

FRoNR-suite Of rooms, modern,
119 w End.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
E MEAT
WON'T RETURN
MINNEAPOLIS AUTHORITY DE,
CLARES STILL HIGHER PRICES
THAN NOW ARE MORE
PROBABLE.

Minneapolis, Minn.-The 12-cent
round steak, the 20-cent porterhouse
and the 15-cent rib roast, which
walked out together from the butcher
| shops of Minneapolis some time ago
are never coming back. The good old
days of cheap meat in the United
States are gone. With less beef to
go around every year, there are more
people among whom to distribute it.
Results that have followed were in
eyitable.
Says Shortgagc is Permanent.
w. Il. Briggs, vice president of the
Northwestern National bank, who is
a livestock expert and who vas vice
president of the Stockyards National
bank. South st. Paul, and manager
of the st, Paul'Livestock Credit COM
pany before the becominB. IL rdlu
pany before becoming a Minneapolis
banker today said hiatt the American
beef shortage of which much is being
heard is a permanent institution.
Not ~ Matter of Trusts.
ut is not a matter of trusts or
combinations, Notwithstanding that
is what the federal government began
to look for when first the fact be-
came apparent that there was not
meat enough to go around at Old
prices" Mrs. Briggs said. ut is not
a combination of cattlemen or but
chers. 1t is the inevitable working
out of economic laws.
Laws Can't Grow Cattle.
insofar as we can educate people
to the situation and influence the
producers, We may check the trend
and even restore former conditions in
part. But laws cannot bring it about
and If the years of the Immediate
future show the trend continuing,
even higher prices than yet heard of
will have to be paid by meat eaters.
The simple fact is that the country,
for several years, has not been pro-
ducing meat enough to go around.
--oH--
A. III. Whittemore. of Nermillion,
former athletic director at the Uni
versity of South Dakota, was in the
city today on business. Mr.. White
more is o state agent for an ac-
cident insurance company. For sew
sral falls he has been spending his
time at Providence, II. L., assisting
in Coaching the football team at
Brown university, OF which he is an
alumnus. -
4E-AA-.s1e-t
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
AGENTS WANTED
FOR RENT

FOR RENT-Two nicely furnished
modern rooms. Close in.-Phone
2216 -
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
HELP

WANTED-Girl for general house
work. Mrs. H. r. Grinde, SIG West
2nd.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

WANTED-Girl for general house
work. Apply Mrs. w. G. Seaman,
! University Place.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

BURR-Spring water. Phone
3l29 or 2085. Spears & Victor.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

FOR RENT-At once one good
bedroom, on second floor, partly
modern, gentlemen preferred, rates
reasonable. Phone 1885.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

WANTED-Young chickens-Ully
Meat Market. Highest cash price
paid.-F. G. Percy.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

WANTED-Five or six room mod
ern house. Address, WI, care Repub-
lican.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
WANT ADS
Il You don't see what you want, read
The Republican Want Ads.

FOR SALE-Good residence lot
East Fourth, eighth block. Phone
3496.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11
MISC ELLANEOUS

WANTED-Modern house for
small family. Call today and to-
morrow for Appel, at the Navln.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

LOST-Gentleman's gold fob. Re-
turn to Republican office.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

SEVEN ROOM COTTAGE for rent
COS East 2nd Ave.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

HAIR SWITCHES made from
your own combings $3.50, good
work guaranteed. - Mrs. Henry
Ziegler, Hartford, S. d.
Let Earl Rowley do it. Insurance.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1915-02-11

NICELY furnished modern rooms.
close in.-Phone 3177.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-05-21
OLD PIONEER IS
 LAID TO REST

The funeral of George Harkrader was held at two o'clock this afternoon at c. ". Young. company's chapel un- der the auspices of the Order of Pic neers. Of which Harkrader was 9 mem Der. The Rev. John R. Jones. pastor of Trinity Episcopal church during the absence of Rev. Rennison. oficiated.
 George Harlrader was born in Ohio May 29th. 1S47. and has been res ident of Alaska for forty-one years. landing ct Wrangel in 1S47, and com ing to Juneau in 1881. He has 8 bro ther living in Oklahoma. and has oth- CT brothers and sisters whose resi- dence is not known to the Pioneers. He followed the pursuit of mining in Alaska. and has made and lost for tunes. He was buried in the Pio- neers' plot in Evergreen cemetery.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-05-21
ALIENS
 ORDERED
 EXCLUDED

Tietro Ciatti, laborer. and Hector Longpre. Q bartender, passengers from Prince Rupert, B. C. on the steamship Spokane. which arrived this morning. were refused admittance to the Unit ed States after a hearing before a board of inquiry In the customs house this morning The board consisted os Special Customs Deputy c. D. Gar field. Assistant Immigration Commis- sioner A. F. Joy Of Skagway and D. A. Meek, a clerk In the customs of- fee. Ciatti was turned back "as an alien likely to become public charge" as he did not have sufficient money, violation of the regulations governing immigration. Longpre's disqualification was due to the fact that he had signed a contract to work for the Alaskan hotel, and by SO do- ing was violating the immigration laws.
 Ciattl and Longpre will be taken back to Prince Rupert at the expense of the steamship Spokane and incl dentally transportation men have ta' ken the opportunity to attack the present immigration system in the North. by causing inconvenience to the public and to the steamship com panies. Shipping men say that Prince Rupert is the logical point for the of. flee of U. S. immigration inspector and the deportation of Ciatti and Longpre is cited as evidence that the present system is bad. Of the thirty five Prince Rupert passengers brought North to American ports by the Spo- they had been examined at Ketchi- kane. five were ordered detained after kan at Ketchikan by D. Maskeviczius, immigration inspector for Alaska. They were Longpre. ciatti, James Far reM. Thomas Perpich and Mike VilS- Ian. The latter three were allowed to enter the country.
 All five passengers were taken in charge by officers of the Spokane ai- ter the inspection at Ketchikan, aud locked up owing to the likelihood of having 10 pay heavy fines if the men escaped.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-05-21
GREAT INTEREST
 IN RIGGS CASE

WASHINGTON. May 21. TT Specta. tors swarm the court room at the trial of the case Of the Riggs Ma tional Bank against the Secretary of the Treasury. Comptroller of the Cur rency and other government officials Arguments for the dismissal of the suit for an injunction were resumed this morning. Before the noon recess former Senator Joseph w. Bailey. of Texas. chief counsel for the bank be- gan his arguments against dismissal, and resumed 1t this afternoon.
The Alaska daily empire., 1915-05-21
DIscREoIT eERMAN sUccEse.

LONDON, May 2f.-The reports re- celved here last night and early thls morning via Copenhagen but through German sources that the German army had captured tho Russian sea- port of Riga, and contemplate an at tack on Petrograd from that place is not credited here.
 Riga is a fortified city, and one of the important Russian naval basls.
 BATTLES IN BALTIC SEA.
 That there was fighting yesterday, last night and again thIs morning be- tween Russian and German ships in the Baltic sea is believed. However, no results have been reported from any direction.
 RIGA REPORTED CAPTURED.
 Th reports received from copen- hagen said that the German advance in the Baltic Provinces had carried Riga, at the head of the Gulf of Riga in the province of Livonia by assault. and that great sea engagement was in progress in the Baltic ocean off the mouth of the gulf.