davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Western outlook., 1915-07-24
ONCE A RIVER VALLEY
PROCESS OF FORMATION OF BAY
OF SAN FRANCISCO.
Not Always the Magnificent Land
locked Harbor That II Is Today
Report Made by the Geo.
logical Survey.

Few people in viewing the Bay OF
San Francisco think of 1t as other than
magnificent land-locked harbor about
which has grown the commercial me.
tropolis Of the Pacific coast of the
United States. Yet this harbor did not
always exist, according to report on
the geology of the region recently pub
lished by the United States geological
survey, for at one time through the
depression now occupied by the bay
ran great river that drained the Sac.
ramento and San Joaquin valleys.
This river probably flowed between
the Tiburon peninsula and Angel
island, and then through the gorge of
the Golden Gate, where at present the
greatest depth of water is 400 feet.
After the river valley was formed the
coast slowly sank and the ocean en-
tered through the Golden Gate, flooded
the valley, and formed the present
bay.
Thus the valley occupied by the bay
is really not so very different from
Santa Clara and Santa Rosa valleys,
and should the Pacific coast sink few
hundred feet lower, those fertile val.
leys would form great additions to the
present bay.
But the change from a river valley
to a bay happened very slowly, for
even great earthquakes as rule do
not move large areas of the earth more
than few inches, and it is likely to be
thousands of years before the outlines
of the present bay are greatly changed
by nature.
The region is particularly interest
ing, for it is one of the newest parts
of our continent Some of the rocks
belong to the geologic period known as
the Jurassic, but many of them are
much younger and were laid down on
the floor by the ocean long after the
Appalachian mountains were formed.
Although these rocks are relatively
young, yet they are hundreds of thou
sands of years old and have been
raised out Of the sea and tilted until
in places they stand nearly on end.
The forces which have raised these
rocks and have folded and broken
them are still active, yet their effects
are so gradually accomplished that for
the most part they are inappreciable
in generation or even in several cen
turies. Sometimes, however, their ef-
feet is more apparent, as for instance
when they cause earthquakes. Earth
quakes are due to slight movements
along what biologists call faults"
which are really broken places in the
earth's crust where the rocks on one
side of the break or crack move past
those on the other side. Some of
these faults may be traced for miles
not, Of course, as open cracks, for to
anyone but a close observer the rocks
seem as unbroken In most places along
the fault lines as they do in any other
part of the region.
Most of these breaks are fortunately
old, and 1t is to be hoped that move
ment along them has ceased, but two
are alive, and along one of these oc-
Cured the movements that resulted
in the earthquake of April, 1906. Only
once In several generations are seri-
Gus earthquakes to be expected.
The Western outlook., 1915-07-24

platform of the Grand Central station
In New York. AS he rode in taxi
cab toward the home of his fiancee
the solution Of his problem came to
him at last. Why should he make
two lives unhappy if-if Mary did not
care for him He would be as frank
with her as she had always been
with him.
He descended at the door. When
he rang, the butler stared at him in
amazement; the man remembered him,
and had thought that he would never
return.
''rll tell Mrs. Leeson, sir" he STAN.
mered.
mot Mrs Lesson, but Miss Mary"
explained Ralph.
The butler did not seem to hear
him. Ralph walked into the parlor
| and sat down. His heart was beating
| fast, and there was an undefinable
sense of change. Ralph thought the
butler had seemed less courteous than
formerly. The furniture was covered,
the room had not been busted for
some time. Ralph wondered-he was
conscious of something which added
to the pain of the approaching inter.
view. When 1t was all over he must
hurry home to his folks in Albany,
stay awhile, tell them Of Juan
ita
Mary stood before him. She had
come in so quietly that Ralph had
not heard her There was a strange
look in her eyes. She shrank away
from him, staring hard.
Il happened to be home" Ralph
heard her saying.
"But, Mary-Mary-"
"You have not heard?"
Heard what?"
"Sit down." she answered calmly.
'I see you do not know. l am poor
woman, Ralph. My father was in
volved in the crash of the banks last
month. / couldn't write-I didn't know
what you would think"
The young mans heart sank, his
hopes ebbed, vanished. He seemed
plunged into an abyss from which
there was no escape. He understood
the coldness of her greeting now. She
was prepared to release him. She
thought he would not want to marry
her when her father was bankrupt
And that was what made his plans
impossible How could he ask her
to release him now? The face OF
Juanita shone upon the background OF
his spiritual vision.
MARY, it doesn't make any differ
ence," he heard himself saying
She was staring at him. ANY diff
ference?" she echoed.
81 mean-did you suppose that l
would not want to marry you because
you are poor?"
She was still staring at him. She
rose and put her hands upon his shoul'
ders.
"Ralp, you-you have met another
girl you care for, haven't your" she
asked frankly.
Why, the light of understanding in
her eyes was amazingly sweet.
Shamefacedly he nodded
Ralph, I was married last week"
she whispered II know it was wicked
Ralph. But II loved him and I felt
that you didn't love me and were toe
honorable to tell me so. You see
your letters had grown different. And
| I knew that we were not suited to
| gether And as soon as-as father re
| Tn
somewhere upon our honeymoon
Ralph caught her by the hands
| ''Mary!" he cried. you are the wisest
woman in the world, and the second
dearest And do you know where
your honeymoon will be spent? In
New Mexico, at The Miners Rest II
is always open to wayfarers."
The Western outlook., 1915-07-24
Precocious Job.

Father inquired the little brain
twister of the family, when will our
little baby brother be able to talk?"
"Oh. when he's about three, Ethel"
why can't he talk now, father?" He
is only baby yet, Ethel. Babies
can't talk" "Oh, yes, they can, ia
ther." insisted Ethel, for Job could
talk when he was a baby" Job!
What do you mean?" Yes said
Ethel Nurse was telling us today
that it says in. the Bible: Job cursed
the day he was born STRAY Stories.
The Western outlook., 1915-07-24

" " p HATEVER may be the fate
VI AS of Constantinople as q re-
W& suit of the war, there is no
WE one who does not fervently
hope that the mosque of
Santa Sophia, the ecclesiastical gem
Of the Turkish capital, will be spared.
1t Is to the Greek church what the
site of the Temple at Jerusalem is to
the Jew and, except for its possession
by strange religion, what st. Peters s
Is to the Catholic. The repossession
Of Santa Sophia represents the goal of
Russia's ambitions during several GEN.
turies. Concerning this great church
edifice writer for the National Geo.
graphic society says:
Christianity has been productive of
many wonderful places of worship, of
temples richer In treasure and more
beautiful In workmanship than those
which have grown out Of any other
religion. Byzantine and Gothic archi-
lecture received their highest express
sion In sacred 5liiiing, SO much so in
the case of Gothic that the lay mind
confuses that architectural type with
pictures of the wonderful cathedrals
Of France and Germany. Christian
temples are among the most wonder
tul architectural accomplishments of
all times, and by far and away their
most resplendent example is Santa
Sophia, the Oldest, the most magnifi-
cent, the most costly and the most in
teresting of all Christian churches.
Santa Sophia has become an in
spiration to all of Greek Orthodox be-
lief who are fighting in the present
battles of Europe As st. Peters is
the mother-church for all the Catholic
world, so Santa Sophia is the mother
church of all of Greek faith One is
the metropolitan of the East, the 9TH
er of the West, and both are the
grandest examples of architectural
splendor within their faiths. Both are
churches that cost almost fabulous
sums in the building, and Santa So
phia cost almost twice as much as
st. Peters, or more than any temple
since history began for the Christian
world.
Built at Enormous Cost.
1t Is estimated that Santa Sophia,
including the values of ground, mate
rial, labor, ornaments and church uten-
sils, cost about $64,000,O00, while the
common estimate of the cost of st.
Peters, the chief present splendor of
the Eternal City, Is placed at s4S,000,-
000 No other temple has ever ap-
preached Santa Sophia in the variety
and preciousness of its marbles and
In its prodigal employment of silver,
gold and precious stones.
The first church constructed upon
the site of Santa Sophia was built at
the direction of the first Christian en-
peror, Constantine, in 326. Work on
the great pile of the present vener-
able cathedral was begun by Justinian
The Western outlook., 1915-07-24
Not Altogether Unconscious.

In one of the industrial towns In
South Wales a workman met with a
serious accident. The doctor was sent
for, and came and examined him, had
him bandaged and carried home on a
stretcher, seemingly unconscious.
After he was put to bed the doctor
told his wife to give him sixpenny-
worth of brandy when he came to him.
self. After the doctor had left the
wife told the daughter to run and
fetch threepennyworth of brandy for
her father.
The old chap opened his eyes and
said, in loud voice, "Sixpenn' orth.
the doctor said."-London Tit-Bits.
The Western outlook., 1915-07-24
Home, for the Warstrleken,

Lumbermen In British Columbia
have been asked to bid on contract
for 00,000.000 feet of lumber to be
used in constructing 100000 two-roon
houses in northern France. The
houses are to be built at government
expense for those whose property was
destroyed In war.
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-05-25
Attorneys Motion
Is Sustained

Attorney VIM. d. KeetOn was in
COeur d'Alene Saturday repre-
senling Dr. o. ID. Platt in the
case of Luvanda Scott against
Piatt, an action to recover for al
legged personal injuries received
by the plaintiff, Mrs. Scott A
motion to quash the summons
and dismiss the action was argu-
ed, which was sustained, Judge
Dunn holding that under the facts
presented the Clerk of the Court
of KoQtenai county had no jur-
isdiction to issue the sumons,
also that the Court had acquir-
ed mo- Jurisdiction of lhc defen-
.dant, DIT. platt. ~r
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-05-25

Ramstedt, of the commission and
Commissioners Freehafer and
Graham; Captain E. G.. Davis, as
sistant attorney general, counsel
for the commission; C. C. Van
Arsdal, locating engineer repre-
senting thee ity of Lewiston.
Before leaving Lewiston presi-
dent Ramstedt and members of
the public utilities commission
held a conference with the mem
bers of the Washington commits
sion over the joint appraisement
being made by them of the hold
ings of the Washington Water
Power company. The Idaho COM
mission left It's auditor and ac-
counlant, II. II. Miller, in charge
ion the work.
The Washington Water Power
company has extensive holdings
linz this state, such large hold
ings, i'm fact, that when complaint
was made to the Washington pub
lie service commission that the
rates of the company i'm eastern
ashingtOn were unfair, the
Washington organization decid-
ed that il could not make a fair
and just settlement of the affair
until The properties of the com
pany i'm Idaho were appraised.
About that time complaint was
made from many sources i'm Ida
no that the rates of the Wash
ington Water Power company in
This state were far from equitable.
When the Washington commits
sion heard of this they opened
correspondence with the Idaho
organization with a view of max
ing a joint appraisemenl. Later
Mr.. Lewis, one of the commits
sioners, made a trip to Boise and
entered into an agreement with
the Idaho commission to conduct
the appraisement jointly.
On April A. Mr.. Miller, who
does all of the figuring for the
Idaho commission, went to Spo-
kane and started work with the
representatives of the Washing
ton commission. There are IS
engineers working ON the case Il.
the present time, besides two ex-
pert acountants. One of the
engineers is from Idaho, while
Washington is furnishing the
other "A.
The Washington Water Power
company values its property at
between twenty and twenty-five
million dollars. According ia
Mr.. Miller it will probably be
more than eight months before
the work of appraising the prop
erty is completed.
The Washington Water Power
company is at present furnishing
lpower for Benewah, Kootenai
Bonner, Boundary and shoshon,
counties in north Idaho and il
Genessee and Moscow in the Pa
louise country. II also has
monopoly on power in eastern
Washington.
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-05-25
Knights Of PythidS
Lodge to Be Formed
FORMERLY HAD A LODGE IN THIS CITY
IhiFtyOl Members anG Many New Ones Will Come
in as Charter Members

A strong effort is being made
in this city this week TO organize
la new lodge here, that is, not
new lodge, but a revival of an old
order which i'm years past was
very strong fraternal and social
Organization of the city. This
is the Knights of Pythias order,
one of the strong lodges of the
state of Idaho
Monday, j. j. r. gerald of
Wallace was i'm the city i'm the in
teresi of the order and i'm talks
with cal members of the knights
.of Pythias he received SO much
encouragement and the idea was
received with SO much enthusi-
.aSm that a committee at once
started out To sound the members
of the order who are residents Of
81. Maries with the idea of start
ing a lodge here.
ST. Marios, even though the
knights of pylhias chapter lncat-
ed i'm This city some five or six
years ago was allowed To disband
and the charter revoked four
years ago. has always been look
ed upon 10y the Grand Chapter of
Idaho as the most likely place TO
start a new lodge and little diff
Guilty will be encountered i'm Sc
curing a charter for ST. Maries
once movement is made to start
a lodge here.
A public meeting of all mem
bcrs of the order, whether be-
longing to the former ST. Maries
lodge or to some other lodge, to-
gelher with such of the public
that are interested i'm the move
ment and desire to Join the order,
has been called for Friday even
ing at the !. o. o. +. Hall, and
Frank Hess of Wallace, Grand
Chancellor of the domain of Ida
no, will be present to address the
meeting upon the organization
possibilities of this city.
When the order had a chapter
i'm This city before there was some
fifty or sixty members belonging
and while some of these have
since left the city, other members
have located here and at con-
scrvative estimate the men who
are working for the new lodge fee
that il can start Oft here with a
least 30 old members and at leas
two-lhirds of that number of nov
members who will Join as char
ter members of St. Maries lodge
A strong feature of the ordeI
is it's prohibitory clauses regard
ing membership and the fact lha
ON the charter membership lis
the initiation fee is but a nomin.
al one. This, added to the fac
that the order will cndeavor {,
hold weekly meetings i'm order Il
maintain greater interest and so
ciabiTity among its members am
a low assessment for month";
dues, should prove a strong fac
tor i'm securing a strong order fo
ST. Maries from the start.
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-05-25
District Court
COnVeneS Next Week

Warren r. Shepperd, Clerk of
The District Court for Benewah
County, has been busy during the
past week preparing the calendar
for the spring term of Court
which convenes in this city next
Tuesday with Judge Robert ~
Dunn presiding. While this is
the first term of court to be held
i'm this city and in Benewah coun-
iy. yet the opening calendar is of
quite a large size, especially when
one considers the fact that the
Great majority of the cases are
new suits filed since February i3,
The date of starting off the new
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-05-25

county, very few civil actions and
only two criminal cases being
brought to this court on trans
fer.
The calendar as submitted to
the printers by Clerk of the Court
Shepperd consists of thirteen
criminal cases, and approximate
ly thirty-tive civil suits, these
latter being divided under the
headings of the Civil Law calen-
dar, the Civil Trial calendar and
the Divorce calendar, this latter
division being exceptionally heavy
at this term of court.
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-05-25
Body Of Boy
Found in River
SON OF Mr.. AND MRS. MAT. JOHNSTON
Only About Five Years of Age. Fell in River at
Calder Five Weeks Ago

The body of The four year old
son of Mr.. and Mrs Mai Johnson
was found Friday about three
hundred yards above 81. Joe by
the drivers engaged i'm bringing
down the McGolderick drive. The
body was found lodged among
the logs and was taken out by the
men. The sent word to the par
ents at Calder by the crew of
gravel train and came down To-
ST. Joe and telephoned to the cor
oner here.
Undertaken Mulcahy went up
and brought the body TO this city
where it was prepared for burial,
the funeral being held here Sal
urday morning. The body had
been i'm the water for about five
weeks, the accident having taken
place Sunday, April 18.
Mai Johnson, the boys father,
is section foreman ON the Mil
waukee road and resides at Cal
der, a short distance below Her
rick. The boy, who was about
four years of age, had been play
ing with two other small chold-
rem and was missed by his moth
err. A search was made for him
and he could not be found. His
tracks were found close by the
river where a part of the bank had
fallen into the rive. An alarm
was sent to Herrick and a party
waeni out and dragged the river
but as the current is very swift
there and the river was full of
/ logs no trace of the body could be
found at the time. II is about
nine or ten miles from where the
accident occurred 90 where the
body was found.
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-05-25
Commencement
Week a Busy One

The closing week of the school
year in st. Maries is proving a
very busy one both for the pupils
and teachers alike. Coupled
with the final drills and rehears-
.als for the Commencement exercis-
es both in the High school and
the Eighth grade, the teacvhers
are closing up the averages and
grades of the students and get
ting all in readiness to leave for
their respective homes as soon
as school closes Friday, in fact
large majority of the teachers
bidding adieu to st. Maries for
the summer on Friday evening
and Saturday.
The commencement exercise OF
this, the Third Annual Com
mencemnt Glass of the st. Maries
High school bid fair to follow the
fact that with the largest gradua-
tion class in the history of the
school he closing exercises of the
class will be the most elaborate
of any held in the history Of the
school.
The Junior-Senior banquet
Saturday evening, the first of the
Commencement week activities
proved a huge success, and the
members of the two classs, to-
gelher with the invited guests,
one and all enjoyed themselves
greatly. The banqut was under
the supervision of Miss Nichols of
the Domestic Science department
lof the High school and was it.
self big compliment to the work
that has been carried on in that
line i'm the school this year
On Sunday evening Rev. Web
ster of the Episcopal church de-
| livered the baccalaurate sermon
/ to the graduating class at the
High School auditorium before
one of the largest crowds that has
gathered in the school for some
time. Special musical features
added greatly TO the evenings
program.
Tomorrow evening the High
School Commencement exercises
will be held at the high school au-
dilorium Dean Ayers of the law
department Of. the University of
Idaho having been secured to de-
liver the Commencement address.
On Thursday evening the Com
mcncement exercises of the week
will close with the Eighth Grade
graduation exercises, complete
program of which appears in an
T other column.
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-05-25
United States Is
After Idaho Land
WANTS TITLE TO TnIRTY-SK SECTIONS
Land Part of Yellowstone Park, and United States
Wants Exclusive Jurisdiction

The United States government
wants Idaho to cede back to the
federal government some 36
square miles of territory which
was given to the state by mistake,
and the secretary of the interior
has written to Governor Alexan-
der explaining the request and
enclosing draft of a bill to be pre-
sented to the legislature in 1917
giving the federal government
jurisdiction over the 36 square
miles desired.
The land is strip running
from the Idaho-M Montana boun-
boundary, about two sections
wide southwark along the Wyo-
ming line to the southern boun-
dary of the Yellowstone National
park. This little strip is a part
oi the Yellowstone National park,
but by oversight, probably. when
the state of Idaho was created. it
was not reserved To the govern
ment, as was the case when Mon
tana and Wyoming we're created,
a special reservation having been
made in the laws creating those
states giving the federal govern
ment jurisdiction over the part
of the Yellowstone park within
those states.
The reservation in the act ere
ating Wyoming, approved July
40, 1890, is made i'm the follow
ing words:
That nothing in this act shall
repeal or affect any act of con-
gress relating to the Yellowstone
National park, or the reservation
of the park as now defined, or as
may be hereafter defined or ex-
tended. or the power of the
United States over it, and Moth
ing contained in this act shall in
terfere with the right and owner
ship Of the United States i'm said
park and reservation as il now is
or may hereafter be defined or
extended by law; but exclusive
legislation, in all cases whatso-
ever, shall be exercised by the
United States, which shall have
exclusive control and iurisdic-
ton over the same; but nothing
in this proviso contained shall be
construed to prevent the service
of civil and criminal process
lawfully issued by the authorities
of said state"
The act creating Idaho, bear
ing date of July 3, 1890, or just
a week earlier than the Wyoming
act, does not contain this reser-
walton to the federal government
consequently, the United States
has not exclusive jurisdiction o-
the 36 miles of Idaho territor,
contained i'm the Yellowstone parl
The secretary of the interior say.
that for administrative purposes
and especially for the protection
of game in the Yellowstone Ma
tional park, it is desirable tha
the government have exclusive
jurisdiction over that part of thl
park in the state of Idaho just thu
same as it now exercises owe
that part in the states Of Wyo
ming and Montana.
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1915-05-25

argesi i'm the history of The ST.
larics public schools containing
members as follows:
Hazel Allberry
Edith Brebner
Dwight Campbell
Eva DuPrau
Marguerite Dreger
Raymond Dalkhy
Elizabeth Greggs
Emily Goodwin
Roy HendricksOn
Edna Hendrickson
Helen Hemingway
Florence Huskey
Maurie Juneau
LalOn Jones
Friedrich Johnston
Emile Hallslien
Helen Monroe
Juanita Marshall
Charles Merry
Isabelle Manthey
Even Nicholson
Ainsley Norway
Truman Powell
Alma Reiman
Chester Smith
Shields Sanders
John Shaw
Harold Smith
Oscar Sidelman
Oscar Weyerman
Loretta Ross
Harold piefer
Gladys Nelson
Exceptional interest is taken in
these exercises this year because
of the large class of graduates as
we'll as the fine program that has
been arranged and it is expected
that the aud1SSSium will be filled
TO its caP&city. The following
is the program:
March
Invocation
Song by class
History, Eva Duprau
Salulatory, Emily Goodwin
Poem (OriginaD Charles Merry
Boy Chorus
Grafton, Helen Monroe
Glass Prophecy. Edith BrebneI
Naledictory, Raymond Dahlky
Address, Hon. TT. j. Hull
Presentation of Diplomas, Supt
T.. II. Buck.