davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

Those who take charge OF land
through inheritance usually are re-
ouired to assume obligations to otner
hairs Thus the young man who thinks
NJ farming is brought face to face
with the question OF capltal' LAO
average young man Of brains ana eo-
ucation has before him the aiteIna
tive of accepting salary or *ooo 70
$1,000 a year or assuming dept OF
IS, 900 to $4,000.
A generation ago conditions were
very different. With a few dollars to
invest in teams and tools man conlo
homestead one hundred and sixty
acres of land, and often pay for his
whole Investment out of the first crop.
To be sure. the conditions were primi-
tive. improvements had later to be
made at considerable expense. These
improvements are now MADE. ihe
next generation to enter upon the
farms must have the capital TO pay
for the improvements and the rise IN
ground rental. Less than generation
ago. an Englishman took up some ten
thousand acres Of land In the San
JOAQUIN Valley. The University OF
California has obtained fifty-four hum
dred acres by the gift of Mr.. 'Kear-
nov. Much OF it rents for fifteen dol
lars a year cash rent. I do not know
what Mr.. Kearney paid for this land.
but it Is a safe guess that he got
title in fec simple for less than fifteen
dollars per acre. The extensive and
expensive improvements he put on this
land have raised its value. A new
generation must pay the new price to
ACQUIRE this or similar land. This is
the real reason why the subject OF
farm credit has assumed national i'm
portance. Speaking broadly. 1t Is not
the man of forty-five that needs farm
credit. 1t Is the man Of twenty-five
that needs it. It is doubtful whether
the kind of farm credit am about to
propose should be given to any man
over thirty fears of age.
Most of the business Of the world
ia conducted on credit. All the great
business undertakings require credit.
More than fifty thousand people, more
than half Of them women, have In
effect loaned money to single rail-
road company. Technically they are
stockholders. Virtually 1t amounts to
a loan. Farming is different only In
requiring refinancing at more frequent
intervals through young men who in
the nature Of the case can have little
credit, It Is this lack OF credit that
forces them into wage-earning occu-
pations. It is this lack of credit that
prevents those who do undertake
farming from putting into 1t the capt.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
HOW TO GROW A BOSTON FERN

rha Roston fern is one OF the Oldest
.ra hast known varieties; owing TO
its graceful, dropping habit OF CROWN
~ "a sometimes called the fountain
farm One immense plant seen by the
writer is about Ave years ola ana mas
some fronds which measure over
eight feet from tip to tip. 1t mas
been nourished about twice week
with a weak solution Of fish scrap"
water.
The scrap" referred to, is obtained
from a. "menhaden" factory, and Is
the dry product after the oil has
been extracted from the fish. To OBJ
tain the best results, it Is well to
grind the scrap very fine, add about
two tablespoonful to gallon OF
water, which must be we'll stirred
before the necessary portion Is ap-
piled to the soil.
Generally speaking, the crowns OF
all ferns should be kept we'll above
the earth which should be kept quite
damp, but not sodden. Very little
spraying Of the foliage is advisable,
as the plants are nourished almost
entirely from the roots, Young and
tender plants must be shielded from
heavy rains and strong winds. Maiden
hair ferns need especial care, for II
once permitted to become very dry,
tie fronds shrivel quickly; they must
also be kept from a gas heater or
lighted rooms. In potting all plants
it is we'll to put piece of coarse mus
lin In the bottom Of the pot before
putting In bits Of stone. This keeps
the drainage good and prevents the
earth from washing away.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
WHAT PAINT WILL DO.

Too many farmers have the habit Of
putting off painting until a house
fairly screams for it-and they per-
haps figure that they are economizing.
Not so. Good paint, applied at regu-
lar intervals not too far apart, Is the
true economy in that it not only &C
tually raises the value of building
by improved appearance, but through
preservative ingredients prevents and
arrests decay. The man who lets his
house become an eyesore in an other
wise well-kept locality should be
taxed for the heavy damage he is
doing to that community.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

and borrow four thousand dollars
not at two per cent but at three per
cent. If he should pay six per cent
on this amount, or two hundred and
forty dollars annually, at the end of
twenty-five years. approximately, he
would have cancelled the principal
and interest.
VIII there not be objections to this
plan? Most assuredly. One objec-
ton will be that 1t may tend to re-
duce the value of money. It Is just
as well to understand the fundamen-
tai problem. If you happen to raise
prunes you are naturally much OPP
posed to anything that would tend to
reduce the price of prunes. II q
cattle-raiser, you do moth look with
favor upon the Introduction OF Aus
tralian beef. In like manner the
banker who loans money at ten per
cent under certain conditions, to buy
cows, will not become enthusiastic
over a system which would permit a
man to pay off principal and interest
in twenty-five years at the rate of six
per cent. But the banker is not ths
only person interested. Every person
who carries life insurance or has
money in the savings banks is con-
cerned. The farmers of the United
States are as a class money lenders.
They are the principal source OF
capital for young men who are be-
ginning to farm This Is one OF
several reasons why the credit banks
Of Europe may not be applicable to
American conditions. Undoubtedly
the present silly methods both in re-
ceiving and handling postal deposits
was caused by the fear that reason
able methods would reduce the value
of money. The whole question is one
between the rewards of capital as
compared with the rewards Of labor.
The laborer in the city has. through
organization or otherwise, a method
OF maintaining the rewards of labor.
No such opportunity exists in the open
country.
| I do not ask you to assume tha
there would be no difficulties In III
execution of this plan. [ merely &C.
sire to convince you that some sue
method would be worth while. l am
perfectly familiar with the arGu'
ments that have been used and VIII
| be used why the United States and
the State may loan money to banks
and may not loan it to individuals.
! My reply to all these arguments is
that we have before us a matter OF
the deepest national concern. II
men of brains and character, in the
| future as in the past, are to cultivate
the land, they must have an even
chance with their -earnin;
brothers. Every man is going to try
to make for himself and family a
comfortable home. If he deems ne
cannot start with an even chance on
a farm, he will go elsewhere. This IS
not a plan to help the farmer; 1t is a
plan to help the nation. When the
people come to understand that TINS
is so, way will be found by which
money may be loaned to individuals
as we'll as to banks and upon SUBJ
stantially equal terms.-Extract from
a paper read before the meeting OF
the Patrons Of Husbandry Of Cali
fornia.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
PAYS TO RAISE POULTRY.

The retail price Of eggs in the large
Pacific coast cities all last Fall was
from As to 60 cents per dozen. In
Chicago the price ran from 35 to As
cents, while in most Eastern cities
the range was from 40 to SIS cents,
according to age and the attractive
ness Of the package In which they
were sold. The man or woman who
cannot make handsome profits by
raising eggs at these prices has no
business in the game.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
Keep the Sheep
> Out Of the Rain

A few days ago, while returning
from our home town, was struck by
the sad and forsaken appearance Of
a flock Of sheep subjected to beating
rain.
Their backs were bumped up, their
heads dropping and the general ap-
pearance gave the impression that
they were the victims Of careless
and thoughtless farmer.
1t Is true that the fleece of sheep
is quite long and dense and in an
ordinary rain it is quite improbable
that the fleece should become thor
oughly saturated, but it is also true
that all rains are not Ordinary" ones,
and we can never tell just when one
of these beating, driving rains will
come to cause misery to the ewes and
loss to the farmers pocketbook.
1t Is at once apparent that the wet
eve is not one to do the best for her
owner AS long as she is soaked she
will not Craze, or If she does 1t will
be only enough to furnish the actual
needs Of the body
This is not enough. The breeding
eve should secure more feed than
maintenance requires if she is to do
we'll for her owner-she must be con-
tinually gaining in flesh.
\ Probably the greatest damage re-
sulting to a eve on account Of a rain
is the discomfort that follows the
wetting. Think how unpleasant 1t Is
to work in wet clothes! How much
worse it is, therefore, for the eve who
Is naturally of a tender nature, to
undergo the discomfort resulting from
carrying around a damp fleece. In the
summer time when it is warm it Is
bad enough, but in the winter it Is
awful.
The fleece, being very dense, it Is
days before the water will entirely
eva porate. Then the greatest amount
of the evaporation Is caused by the
heat of the animals body.
Just try to think Of the heat neces-
sary to evaporate the large amount Of
fleece would hold. Many sheep have
caught colds from this very cause
that resulted in inflammation, even
worse, catarrh.
Rheumatism is often one Of the re-
suits and a sheep once the victim OF
this disease is Of very little value.
What, then, is the remedy? It is
simple. Provide your sheep with dry
shelter close to their pasture. 1t need
not be costly barn. A shed Is plenty
good enough provided 1t is water
tight, and 1t need not be especially
warm if 1t is only dry. Henderson.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
MONGREL SHEEP-DOGS.

The sheep dog generally used on
hill farms is Of the collie type, usually
q mongrel. Intelligence is sometimes
highly developed in oddly-bred dogs.
Occasionally one comes across an old
bobtailed sheep dog at work on the
sheep runs and excellently does he
discharge his duties.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
SOFT SHEJILED EGGS.

When fowls produce deformed or
soft shelled eggs they should have all
stimulating food withheld from them
for q time. Hard grain should take
the place of soft food and some
Epson salts, about a teaspoonful,
added to every pint Of drink
ing water supplied until cure Is Of
fected. If narrow perches are used,
replace them with wider ones.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

II ia stated that the nation spends
one hundred and fifty millions annu-
ally for patent medicines and an equal
amount at soda water fountains. THESE
alleged facts are cited lest we forget
while discussing one Of the most I'M
portant problems Of the nation that
after all, the country Is In q fairly
prosperous condition.
How are young men to become
farmers? Why do young mon seen
positions at salaries rather than en-
gage in business, such as farming.
which requires capital? How is farm
ing to he made continuous COM
nercial enterprise like manufacturing,
transportation, or banking? one OF
the leading furniture, stores IN San
Francisco was organized In the ffties.
How many farms anywhere IN the
United States have been under con-
tinuous management during the same
period7
One Of the principal subjects Of dis
eussion at present IL that OF farm
credit. How II this to be made TO
apply to the man who most needs IL!
How IL q young man OF twenty-one
years Of age to obtain farm credit?
Seven years ago q man came to
Califoruia and invested $4,000 In
section Of land and it's improvements
He still owns the land and its I'M
provsments. drove some distance 10
snAsA this man. found him working
In q sawniLl aA dav's labor. We sat
down on q log and talked It over. We
oSSeod that the best and about the
only product that oould be soononn-
acalH shipped out of his valley was
bveSsr faA He said they were talking
Of pe>eting q cooperative creamery.
EA>Re wsre two hundred cows in the
valley. The farmers were saving their
hslfer calves. When they had three
hundred COWS they expected to make
: ksast. said. ''You should have five
huudrad cowS." eyes," he said, ut
would be better" Gle had been the
MANAGER OF a creamery in Iowa and
understood tho business thoroughly
~The farmers would be willing to buy
the sows, but there is only one bank
IN this county which will lend the
farmsrB money to buy cows, and II
charges ten per cent"
returned to the railway station,
hook the 10 SL&o VOwA ooAu W wa
tain the only bank in the county that
would lend the farmer money to buy
cows, and introduced myself to tho
cashier Of the bank. rs 1t true" l said,
that you will lend money to farmers to
buy cows?' "Under certain conditions
he said. what rate Of interest do you
eharge?" "Ten per cent"
wish to say at this time that have
NO criticism to make Of that cashier
Or of that bank. I cite the incident to
show that real problem exists here
ut our door. 1t also has beaIl Ing on
what I shall propose later,
Every young man is born into this
world with no resources. His prin-
ripal assets are honesty and ability to
work. Few are born with silver
spoon or with q gold ladle in their
mouth. OF those who do inherit
money relatively few inherit 1t at or
before twenty-one years of age. Few
young men can remain on their faith
er's farm. because the farmer is there.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

kgBsuod-Sosv OF Good Conformation.
1iyould be At least eight months old
heowe being bred.
DuEsng pregnancy, sows should have
sbundaa1t exercise and a variety OF
feed. During the winter months, I'M
lsas aztra care be taken. brood sows
ses particularly liable to lie IN their
q,ssrtsys and become inactive. Enort
should be made to induce them to
szsgctsa. This may be accomplished
by having them travel around the
barnyurd for feed, or by housing them
some distance from their feeding place,
or by making them root for grain
scattered under litter on a barn or
shed door. They should not be given
too much Of any one kind Of feed. If
excessively fed. corn Is particularly
Objectionable.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

II you decide to depend on birds.
then buy from someone as near home
as possible. We have had some very
good matches from eggs shipped sew
eral hundred miles and again we have
had some very poor ones from the
shipped eggs.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
The Southern
Persi,nmon

In England. the persimmon tree is
often cultivated for the beauty OF its
dark green foliage, but the fruit sci.
dom reaches maturity in that climate.
The long warm summers south OF
Mason and Dixon's line, followed by
several frosty nights, render this fruit
very sweet and palatable.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

The price of $4,000. agreed upon
between w. H. Tichnor. Of Economic
voc, Wis, and F. L. Ames, Of North
Easton, Mass, for the purchase Of q
Guernsey calf is probably the highest
on record The peculiar feature OF
the contract Is that the calf was yet
unborn.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
NOT A GOOD METHOD.

Most Of the hogs in this country
are raised by the "by guess and by
gosh method" that Is, the breeding
sows are allowed to run with the herd,
fed any old thing that comes handy
without regard to their condition at
narrowing time, or when great guam
titles of milk are needed to start the
youngsters on the road to profit.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

The early influence Of parents upon
children is stronger on the farm than
in any other surroundings. With all
members Of the family drawn together
by one common interest there Is an
opportunity to cultivate the unity OF
family spirit.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
HEALTHY FOWLS PAY.

In breeding for eggs, the main re-
quirement is first-class, healthy. vigor-
Gus stock. Such fowls, we'll managed
and properly fed can not help but
produce eggs. We must have vitality
and constitutional vigor In fowls that
are to be any good as egg machines or
as breeders. Only first-class stock
should be kept for such purposes.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
Care Of the Brood Sow.

AZ the breeding season approaches
Il IL necessary to have the sows in the
best of condition. Animals intended
for breeding purposes should be
ma4ured but not fattened; If immature
animals are to be used at all, they
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

Young men who hesitate to marry
should remember that while 1T costs
more to keep a double team than
single horse, the efficiency of the team
= nearly three times as great.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

, Investigations of failures to control
the psylla in pear orchards by summer
spraying led-the New York Experiment
station to inquire into the susceptibility
of the insect to spraying mixtures at
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
A Fruit-Bearing Branch of the South.
ern Persimmon Tree. Rarely Grown
in the Northern States.

Both in color and shape it closely
resem bles the apricot, being about an
inch and half in diameter. with
a bright orange-yellow color
In eastern Tennessee the fruit -
said to attain Its greatest perfection;
there, in the autumn, 'simmon beer.
'possum and simmon sauce, are re-
garded with the same favor that tur-
key and cranberry sauce are in New
England
Many animals, both wild and do
nestle, such as cows, horses, dogs.
rabbits, raccoons and oppossums are
very fond of the fruit.
1t is a we'll known fact that dogs
will sometimes camp by the hour url-
der a persimmon tree waiting for
something to drop."-A. D. Dart
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

Only a small farm is required
where the operations are confined to
hogs, poultry, bees and gardening.
The labor is less irksome than on a
big place, the general investment
smaller and the risk reduced to a
minimum.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

If you are thinking of putting
money into a fancy poultry house
don't-put it into good stock instead.
All hen asks is to be comfortable.
She doesn't care whether her house
is painted, or has fancy trimmings.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

If all the fruits and flowers worn
on women's hats were the real thing.
orchardists and gardeners would all
be rich.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

In the southern states practically
all that is required in dairy barn con-
struction is that the building be wind
and rainproof.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

Blodgett, Mo-, is the largest melon
shipping point In America. Georgia
is also famous for watermelons.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

If you cannot see where the new
tool or machine will be Of value right
now, delay it's purchase until you
need It.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

.Ieau1M eua SuI1np aIoJ1uoo InoG o.
xI3BeIS sppB esnou 0ul 20 epIs u1Lou
eua no ssuIusdo Ilo no s1oop uIo1S
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02

If the country boys all go te
towns where 10 the town boys go?
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-03-02
HOW CAN A YOUNG MAN BECOME A FARMER?


Departments Of
~ eClenCou yLendNo the Nation
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-12-30
eYfeETTY BROWN.

With the New Year woman's fancy
seems to turn naturally to thoughts
OF bright, new millinery. And this year
being Leap Year, there may be soms
special reason; who knows, for women
pnttins on their fine feathers 80 early
In the fseason. ~ TT
smnrtest Of these mid.season bon.
nets Is the little ckey.thepsd toqle
shown In the upper right hand corner
o. picture above It. has d peaked
front bfitn, and no trimming at all but
two long atitf feathere, Tho hat pic.
tured above Is In navy blue fancy
braid, and the blue quilts ore tipped
with dull bronze.
It's an odd spring hat that hasn't
quill suponSit. In quest OF news AZ to
what milady- will wear In days OF lato
winter and early spring, visited tho
WorlTooms aof . famous designer re-.
recently. There were some quill.iess
bats In the display, but they were worry
few and far apart.
In the upper letthand corner OF tho
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-12-30

blue! taffeta and the gray straw with a
row OF blue maline rosettes lat top and
bottom makes the deep band within
which Ats the head: The quill IS navy
blue.
Aihat that will como with the Eas.
terrible Is the high crowned hat OF
fluffy tulle. The hat in the center OF
the picture above Is a very good model
in tho natlno hat-a model approved
by the Fashion Art League OF Amer.
lea. It is made In mushroom shape,
cut in close to the head at the back
and mounted by double box pleated
frills. The ribbon Is finished with a
bow in the back. ~ 3 "
Much Of the winter. and early spring
millinery will tower toward tile skies.
A model to which the Fashion Art
League OF America gives approval is
shown in the lower part OF the accom-;
panying picture. 1t Is a high crowned
and almost brimless; it's made of gold
colored two;toned green ribbon, shot
with gold jutting upward in a high
bow.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-12-30
=

Mr.. and Mrs. T. L.. Curry, Of Ashta.
bula,. Ohio are visiting their son, W.
E. Curry at 405 High street. !.
DR.. and Mrs. Wayland R. Palmer and
little daughter, Helen Louise, who
Eliason, hayo returned to their homo
IN Holidaysburg, Pa.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Eliason, OF
Columbus; o., who were called here
ny the death Of the formers mother,
MRS. WI: Eliason, have returned to
their home. Other relatives who were
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1915-12-30

attend the marriage OF Miss Anna
Schubert to Twin Koin. which event
VIII be soiemnized on Sunday. MI.
lsapper and son Sidney. the litter a
student at the University Of Pitts
sburgh Will 20 there Saturday for the
wedding.
Sidney sapper has returned from
-Philadelph ia where he attended the
convention Of the Phi Epsilon Phi
Fraternity as o. delegate from the Uni.
,versitys OF Pittsburgh. Y y siA'
Miss Bessie Watts went to Morgan.
town to-day on account Of the illness
of her brpther.in.law, Garfield Seal.
Mr.. and MRS. NJ. r.; Nnzum3 and Mr.:
and Mrs. G. E. Riley have returned
from Wheeling, where they attended
the railroad employees' ball. 81
The Misses Stella lTibbs and lFlos.
sic Hood have returned from Morgan.
town, where they had been the guests
of relatives for. several days.
Miss Emma Leonard OF Pittsburgh
US the guest Of her cousin, Miss Beryl
Leonard. ff.lil.'
Mrs. Warden Tut, Of Grafton. has
been The guest Of friends here for
several days. z ~, I
D! Al. osgoodi has returned from
New York where be purchased mis-
midIwinter stock for January sales. !,
Robert Brock OF Morgantown arriy.
cd here today for a visit with John
Stoetzer on First Street. AZ !
Miss Leoras Abbott has returned
from g visit lin Pittsburgh.
Burns Carroll, Of the Pittsburgh Ga.
otte:Times,y has returned to Pittsb.
urgh after spending several days here
with his mother, Mrs. G. Fl Carroll In
Rhea Terrace apartments. :
Mrs. NJ. r. Street Of Philadelphia,
ARRIVED here, this morning and is a
guest at the home OF her sister. Mrs.
Lawrence Fleming, on Walnut ave.