davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
ECONOMICAL USE OF WINTER PASTURES

ension, University of Tennessee.)
bone and muscle in pigs has re-
Gently been brought to attention by
a bulletin of the Kentucky Experiment
Station, in which is given the analyses
of the common cereals and other
plants at different stages of growth,
which shows that the young rye
when five inches high contains $50
per cent protein and 2.17 per cent ash,
and when twenty-seven inches high
contains only 2.72 per cent protein
and 1853 per cent ash; and wheat at
same heights 654 per cent protein,
800 per cent ash, 2.31 per cent pro.
tein, LIS per cent ash. The same
change is noted in the case of the
other cereals, and 1t is very interest
ing to note that at FIVE inches in
height, all of the cereals analyze high
err in protein and ash than do the
cloyers. Alfalfa contains All per cent
protein and 1893 per cent ash, and red
clover 4.91 per cent protein and POI
per cent ash, both of which are notice.
ably lower than that of green rye, and
this explains why stock thrive so well
on cereal pastures. To obtain the best
results with such pastures, use them
with pigs while the growth is young
and tender, changing to cattle and
sheep as they become more mature.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
GOOD YEAR FOR HOGS
(By J. G. McAmis, Division of Exten-
sion, University of Tennessee,)

(By J. G. McAmis, Division of Exten
sion, University of Tennessee,)
To-day is January first, day when
farmers ought to be, and many are,
thinking over the mistakes and sue
cesses of last year with the resolve
to make 1915 a better one. Surely after
the lessons that the year has taught
in the South, we are resolved to have
more livestock. Above all, we are
more determined than ever to produce
the pork for home use. If we did that
last year, is there not better and
cheaper way to do it in 1915?
The year, begins with hogs selling
at high prices, with no prospect of any
considerable reduction. This means
that it is an expensive failure if we
do not supply our own needs and a
great saving if we do. If we grow a
surplus it is just as certain to mean
profit, provided we adopt the most
economical methods.
We must not forget that the year
begins with corn selling at high prices,
which means if We feed corn alone,
the cost of pork production must be
high in the same ratio. But when
green pastures are used the price of
pork is far less dependent upon the
price of corn.
Alfalfa, clover, soy beans and rape
may be grown as cheaply as when
hogs were selling for four and five
cents per pound, perhaps cheaper, be.
cause we have learned more about
them and their use. Many farmers
are selling corn to hogs for $100 to
$3.50 per bushel, and besides holding
the corn (the plant food in it) on the
pasture lot.
Just how, when and where to begin
on plan for green pastures is what
blocks many who are convinced Of
the imperative need of them and
realize the profits that they insure.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
VEGETABLES IN WINTER
(By3 C. A. Refer. Division Of Exten-
sion, University Of Tennessee.l

(By5 C. A. Keffer. Division Of Exten-
sion, University of Tennessee.)
A hot bed makes a winter supply
of fresh salad vegetables possible
Make the bed in January. At one side
SOW a row of Scarlet Forcing radish,
and row of Way-a-head or Boston
Market lettuce. In two or three weeks
the lettuce will be ready to transplant
and in four weeks the radish will be
ready for use. Transplant the lettuce
four by four inches in the hot bed,
and drop two or three radish seed be-
tween the transplants. The radish
will be ready for use before being
crowded by the lettuce, and alternate
lettuce plants can be used, or reset.
They will not be headed by the time
they meet, but the growth will be so
rapid that the leaves can be used
green. The remaining plants, stand
ing eight by eight inches apart, will
head nicely in late March, about the
time the first sowing can be made in
the open.
Big Boston or May King, sown in
hot bed in January and transplanted
in February can be set in the open in
March to make exceptionally fine
heads in late April or May. Iceburg,
sown in hot bed in February, trans
painted in March. and set in the gar
den in early April, completes the let
tuce spring season.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
By Murphy Division of Extension University

The most profitable age and condi-
ton for disposing of beef cattle de-
ponds largely upon the character and
value of the land on which they are
grown. II one has large area of
rough grazing land with a relatively
small area for the production of crops,
he will usually find 1t more profitable
to sell his cattle as stockers, or feed
ers, to his neighbor In the valley who
has more feed than the number Of cat
tie he can afford to raise will use. For
this reason, the farmer In the valley
has been able to buy cattle cheaper
than he could raise them, since his
lands are so much higher priced than
the rough grazing lands The cheaper
lands of the state do not at present
supply the demand, though they are
not producing near the number of cat
tie they are capable Of The yearly in
creasing price Of beef, Is causing the
establishment OF small herds of beef
cattle varying from few COWS to fifty
or more, on the more profitable farm
ing lands. The need of cattle is realized
In the keeping up of the soil fertility,
and beef cattle require less at
tention than dairy cattle. Those who
have from three to five calves to sell
each year will find it more convenient
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
PLANS FOR STARTING
THE EARLY GARDEN
(By G. A. Keffer, Division Of Exten-
sion. University of Tennessee.l

(By G. A. Keffer, Division Of Exten-
sion, University of Tennessee.)
For an early garden sandy loan
with southern exposure Is best. No
plants can grow in a soil saturated
with water, and the sandy loans drain
more perfectly than the heavier soils.
Every garden should be plowed in the
fall, and plenty of manure should be
turned under Narrow burrows, edge
up, should be the rule for garden plow-
ing. II left rough the winter frosts
help to mellow garden land; but be-
fore planting, there should be thorough
use of disc and smoothing harrow and
planter. When worked in the right
moisture condition, garden ground
should be free from clods, and as the
proverbial saying is, "fne as an ash
heap" at planting time,
If the garden has not been plowed,
care must be taken not to attempt the
work when the land Is too wet; often
the only chance of an early garden is
In fall blowing If the soil is at all
heavy, no good can result from turning
1t when 1t is wet. Triumph or Irish
Cobler potatoes, Alaska peas, Yellow
Danvers or Prize Taker onions and
Charleston Wakefield Cabbage, should
be in the ground by March first, and
all the harder vegetables can be
planted before the first of April.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
STRAWBERRIES
FOR HOME Use
In Setting Out a Strawberry
Bed for Home Use, Select
Long Fruiting Varieties
USE GREAT CARE IN PLANTING
March and Early April Best Time Of
Year for Starting Young Plants
Can Secure Several Crops.
(By G. A. Keffer, Division of Exten-
sion. University of Tennessee.)

(By G.. A. Keffer, Division Of Exten-
sion,, University of Tennessee.)
In setting a strawberry bed for home
use, varieties should be used that will
give long fruiting season and fruit
Of fine quality; for preserving, firm
fruit is wanted, but for the table use
this Is not essential. MichePs Early,
Lady Thompson, Aroma or 3W, and
Candy, ripen in the order named, and
are excellent for home use. A row
of each, one hundred feet long, should
provide an ample supply for large
family. Choose rich, we'll drained
soil, and plant two feet apart in rows
three feet apart. In setting, be care
full to plant to the exact depth they
stood before, and tramp firmly. March
and early April Is the best time for
planting. Cultivate well throughout
the season, turning the runners into
the rows. By fall the rows should be
well matted and at least eighteen
inches wide. In late October rake out
all loose or lightly rooted plants cross
wise of the rows with a potato hook,
and in December or January cover the
bed very lightly with clean straw.
The straw cover should be SO thin that
the strawberries will grow up through
1t in the spring. It's only purpose is
10 keep the fruit clean.
AS soon as the crop is gathered, bar
off with turning pillow, leaving row
of plants six inches wide. Distribute
manure in the burrows, then thin the
plants to fifteen inches apart and cul-
tiyate well throughout the season. In
this way a strawberry bed can be cul-
tivated for years, though in CONNER
cial culture 1t is customary to take
not more than two crops from plan
tation.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
START EARLY VEGETABLES NOW


ension, University of Tennessee.)
feet in size, with not more than four
rows of glass. Keep sash on frame
after filling with manure a few days
before soil Is put in, to aid in starting
heat. If the manure is in good heat
when placed in the frame the soil
may be added at once. Spread five
inches of soil evenly over the manure,
cover it with the sash and keep closed
until the highest neat passes, usually
a week or ten days, when bod may be
sown.
One sash will cover all the seed
necessary for large garden, and the
space under the remaining sash may
be used for transplanting, and for,
growing such vegetables as radish, let
tuce,- carrot, beet and cauliflower to
edible size.
The important things in hot bed
management are protection from freez.
ing CASUALLY provided by board covers
placed over the sash in coolest wealth.
er, and manure packed against the
frames), airing and watering.
Unless air is freely given, the plants
will be slender and sickly. Even in
cold weather the sash may be lifted
half an inch or less during the warm.
est part of the day, and whenever the
temperature is above As degrees, air
should be given freely. Care must be
taken to close the beds before the
plants chill in the evening. In zero
weather of course, the beds must re-
main tightly closed.
The rule for watering is to give
thorough wetting when needed, rather
than slight sprinkling at frequent
intervals.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23

to dispose of them to the professional
feeder than to fatten them, but those
who have as many as ten cows Will
find 1t much more profitable to buy
enough calves from their neighbors to
make out a carload and finish them
on their own farms, and if they have
as many as thirty breeding cows, the
offspring should be finished at home
every year. The man who has but
few steers to sell is at the mercy OF
the local buyer, since he is not justi-
fled In shipping them to the big mar
kets; but the man with carload OF
steers has no trouble finding salts
factory buyer. The most profitable
age at which to finish the calves for
market depends upon number OF
things. If calves are we'll bred, having
at least one-half the blood of one OF
the standard beef breeds, they can be
finished most prohtably by the time
they are one year old, or but slightly
older. If less than half breeds, they
must be kept longer, and the poorer
the grade, the longer before they can
be Finished In fact, 1t Is impossible
ever to finish satisfactorily, animals
of very inferior grade, but they do
take on flesh better when three or
four year olds. Young animals gain
much more rapidly and cheaply than
older ones.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23

Wy VI "a AhShSAb AA'ASA~A ~ ~~~N
January is the month for starting
early tomato, caulifiower and lettuce
plants, and the best way of growing
them is in hot bed.
Save the horse manure, turning 1t
occasionally to prevent overheating
and to insure even heating through
out the mass. Let considerable litter
be mixed with the manure. The usual
bedding and manure as it comes from
the stalls is in excellent condition for
hot beds. Never use manure from cat
tie in hot bed making; 1t does not heat
enough to be of use.
Use leaf mould, or surface soil from
the woods, with thoroughly decayed
manure as hot bed soil. If this can
not be had, use the richest available
garden loan.
For January hot bed, excavate a
pit about eighteen inches deep in a
we'll drained place with southern ex-
posure. protected from north and west
winds. Make the pit six feet wide and
twelve feet long, fit frame of boards
to it, making the frame eighteen inch
es high on the north side and twelve
inches on the south side, the ends
slanted, and nail scantlings from back
to front every three feet, for the sash
to rest on.
Have the manure steaming when 1t
is ready for the pit. Put it in layers,
tramping each layer firmly, so that
when filled the pit contains eighteen
inches of well tramped manure. The
manure should be damp. II dry when
placed in the frame 1t will be neces.
sary to moisten 1t well to start the
heat. Buy hot bed sash three by six
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
HOW ONE FARMER is lNcREAS
ING HIS BEEF CATTLE PROFITS.
(By r. M. Murphy, Division of Exten.
sion, University of Tennessee)

(By r. M. Murphy, Division of Exten.
sion, University of Tennessee.)
Butter fat Is worth about thirty
cents per pound. One beef cattle
raiser in East Tennessee approaching
this fact, and also the fact that his
baby calves do as we'll on skim milk
fresh from the separator as when
sucking their dams, has taken to milk
Ing his cows, separating the cream
from the milk, and shipping 1t to the
nearby creamery. Three pounds of
corn will easily replace one pound Of
butter fat in the calf's ration, at cost
Of only four cents instead of thirty.
Is this twenty-six cents worth the trou-
BILE? Suppose his cows produce on the
average only one hundred and fifty
pounds of butter fat in year, or one
half pound of fat per day for ten
months. This, at thirty cents per
pound, means forty-five dollars per
cow, or enough to pay for her feed and
care, leaving her calf clear profit.
This man does not live near the
railroad either The produce merchant
makes regular trips through the coun-
try gathering up butter and eggs, and
now instead of selling him the surplus
butter at fifteen cents per pound, he
gives him ten cents per can for haul
Ing the cream to the railway station
and returning the can. Now instead
Of selling product which winds up in
the oleomargarine factory, even though
1t may leave home in good condition,
his cream is manufactured into first
class butter in the creamery forty
miles away, and he gets paid for a
first class product.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
AN EARLY SUPPLY OF FORAGE
By McAms tension University of Tennessee

by the latter part of April and ready
for the pigs.
With this done, good start has
been made toward a system of hog
pastures. The rape and oats will be
gone in July and small area of COW
peas or an early variety of soy bean
tito San, Haberlandt, or Acme) should
be available.
When the pigs are removed from
the rape and oats, break the land with
the subsoil plow, (instead of turn
plow) by blowing 1t in burrows fifteen
to eighteen inches apart. Disc thor
oughly and continue cultivation with
the harrow to conserve summer rains
and kill weeds. The land will then
be ready to furnish an abundance of
fall and winter grazing, provided a
heavy, early seeding of winter grains
or crimson clover is made.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23

If you have no pasture for hogs now,
and no provision made for spring and
early summer, you should turn to a
combination of rape and oats to fur
nish the earliest supply of forage.
This is about your only chance now,
but it is by no means bad chance.
Onehalf to three-fourths of an acre
will carry one sow and her spring lit
ter eight to ten weeks, depending upon
the fertility of the land, season, and
size of the pigs.
Break the land deeply now and
store the winter rainfall. The rape
and oats will need it. Prepare a seed
bed and sow during the first two
weeks of March with one to one and
one-half bushels of oats, and eight
pounds of Dwarf Essex rape seed
They will be ten to twelve inches high
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23

The Newbern Commercial Club,
with the merchants, offered prizes to
the farmers of Dyer county, to encour-
age better seed selection, for the best
ten ears exhibited in Newbern.
One farmer in Dyer county has fin.
Ished gathering all his crop and has
his entire place sown to crimson
clover, with the exception of his horse
iot.-B. A. Brady, Dyer county. Novem-
Der 20, 1914
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
(By H. D. Tate, Division

Unless the proper attention and en-
couragement be given to crop produc-
ton and live stock, we can not hope
for the rural communities in the South
to maintain good roads, efficient
schools and live churches, which are
so essential to happy and contented
community life.
The above picture shows how one
farmer is increasing the productive
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23

ness of his soil by growing winter
cover crops to be turned under next
spring, and he is grazing the cover
crop during the winter season; thus
he IS able to grow live stock very
chelply. This man has the very best
of work stock and raises few to sell
every year. He has been demon.
strator for four years and the most
modern methods have been adopted on
his entire farm.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
ABUNDANCE Of LIGHT AND AIR
! IS NECESSARY FOR DAIRY BARN

Absence of Proper Shelter Decreases Milk Supply In Cold
Weather and Increases Cost OF Keeping Dairy Herd
Proper Attention To Sanitation of Barns Is Economy
Transom-Like Windows Four Feet Square Should Be
Provided For Each Cow
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
PROFITABLE Time To SELL CATTLE
DEPENDS ON KIND OF LAND OWNED

Large Area Of Rough Grazing Land May Cause Early Selling
To Be AdvisabIe-0fen Cheaper To Buy Growing Cattle
For Feeding Than To Attempt To Raise Them On Expen-
sive Land Suitable For Cutvation-Many Farmers Buy In
Fall For Winter Feeding
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23
SHEEP OWNERS
need DOG LAW
Interests Suffer Large Annual
I Loss Because Of Ravages
of Common Ours
LICENSE AND TAXATION
Tennessee ls Ideally Located for the
Production of Early Lambs-cheap
to Raise, as They Live Largely on
Waste.
(By. R. M. Murphy, Division of Exten-

(By. R. M. Murphy, Division of Exten-
sion, University of Tennessee.)
The sheep interests of the state are
sadly in need of an effective Dog Law
Tennessee is ideally located for the
production of early lambs, and but for
the ravages of the common cur, the
number Of sheep now in the state
would be double in the next five years.
Sheep, with the dog out of the way,
are our most profitable live stock.
They live largely upon things that
usually go to waste. Every farm
should have small flock to utilize
surplus pastures, weeds, etc. A good
breeding eve, costing SIS, will live on
what she can pick up and produce a
lamb, and frequently two, worth Sc
each the first Of each June.
Our present legislature should pass
such law. Following is given an out
line embodying the essential features
OF all the dog laws now In force In the
different states:
Taxation Of Dogs.
/. State to license and tax all dogs
six months of age or over which are
not licensed and taxed by cities or in
corporated villages.
2. All licensed dogs to be taxed as
follows:
One male. NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. S1.50
Each additional male. ........ 800
One female. 800
Each additional female. ....... 500
Kennel licenses to be issued with
restrictions. (See Kennel License
Law of State of Connecticut.)
3. Counties or townships should be
empowered to levy additional taxes on
dogs should it be deemed necessary.
Issuing License, Payment of Tax and
Identification of Dogs.
/. All dogs SIX months of age or
over to be reported by owner to proper
county official for licensing. owner
shall also be responsible for relicens-
ing dogs at end of year.
2. All taxes to be paid by owner to
proper county official at time of
licensing.
3. All dogs to wear collar showing
owners name and having attached a
metal plate bearing license number
and date and place of issue of license.
Handling of sheep-KIllng Dogs.
1. Dogs may be killed by any one.
(a) When caught chasing or killing a
sheep. OBJ When caught off owners
premises, unattended and without a
collar bearing license number.
2. A reward of SIS to be offered by
proper county official to any one
Identifying sheep-killing dog. Money
for payment of reward to be taken
from funds accommodating from dog
taxes.)
3. Dogs must be ordered killed by
authorized official when proved to be
sheep killers.
Compensation to Sheep owner for
Injured or Killed.
/. Authorized county official to pay
owners of sheep injured or killed, the
full value of damage done, from the
funds accommodating from dog taxes.
Should such funds be insufficient to
pay all damages in full, other funds to
be made available for this purpose.
But should such funds accumulate in
excess Of amount required to pay dam
ages, the same to be available for some
public service after three years time.
2. Counties should have power to
proceed against dog owners to regain
all money paid out for injuries to
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23

son clover takes nitrogen from the
air, in addition to furnishing pastur-
age, preventing teaching, and adding
vegetable matter to the soil. BY plant
ing and turning under, crimson clover
is a cheaper way of supplying this
valuable element of plant food than
buying it commercially.
The Parisian. (Paris, Tenn.) 1907-1962, 1915-04-23

tBy III. ID. rate, DIVISION OF ES
Cover crop of oats and crimson
clover sown at the last cultivation in
cotton demonstration. This is a
very fine cover crop and shows what
can, and is being done, in the way of
preventing the soluble plant food from
teaching away and furnishing winter
grazing at the same time. The Grim
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-12-27
Special Famous Triangle Program AZ the
Rex for To-Day Only.

The Rex TLeatcr OmeIs "a rare treat
To the patrons who attend today's per
tormance. The program consists OF a
hve act society drama entitled THE
Gale and = Jwo-act comedy. The Best OF
Enemies. featuring the worlds fam
Gus comedy team. Mebc rand Fields
Lie IN the pleasure-l0VinE set OF rich
society Is shown IN The Golden Claw"
win Bessie Bar iscalo as the star. Miss
barFiscale il the pampered pleasure-lov-
ing glfi VINO has never been denied any
luxury during her young career. Her
mother Il In nat strained cfrcun,-
stances ana had 10 staVe on her credit
ora- Miss Barriscale Is led 10 marry a
wealthy young men FOR his money. Then
comes the failure Of a min he owns
sAd she u furious to think that her plans
Tor amusement and luxury have gone
Astfay. she goads him a recoup nj,
POSITION by lucky deals ne restore
nHeil 10 MS TO. mer position. Then
sli-- iufriscale. as the heroine. begins
20 notice her. husbands Indifference. A
nitter hgh. between her husband and
a former rival In Wall Street. which
ends m the bankruptcy OF the husband
80 refuses 90 give her husband $50
wv 70 ald hlm. although 50 had been
I,om him ends 10 with the
Iegghcliiation % the pair when IN.
tNpialh- mat she has withheld Inc
money in order 10 tak. him ouf OF tbis
mpnfy-had career. These ROYAL nm
makers, Joe Webed and Lou Fields vii,
OF themselves Tn the tWo-acf Trf-
alhle htf.ione comedy which will he
win the above Tea urc. I'm
IeHt OF Enemies" shows the f,u,,,~
German comedians in two OF tbs ~
roles they have over rad. Remetots.
tnlH pro-ram will only be nhosrn ~.
a lNe PERFORMANCE start AT T.0U
'' 'v' bls and 500 D. m.