The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-08-01

and incendiary. bombs dropped from
aeroplanes, and new types OF hand
srenades also have been employed,
while in France both sides are said
to have made use Of apparatus for
spraying burning oil.
The political effects OF the war. ire.
mendous as they must be. cannot YET
be gagged. The principal result thus
far is the definite rupture of the ira
ditfonal alignment, which divided Eu-
rope for two years into two alliances
with a theoretical balance of power;
Great Britain, France and Russia,
forming the triple entente and Ger
many. Austria Hungary and Italy, con-
shutting the triple alliance.
How They Lined Up.
From.the day Austria Hungary be
came involved in serious difficulties
with Serbia there was little doubt
Germany would support her ally In
case Russia adhered#to her traditional
policy of defending her Slavic kinss
men in the Balkans: The entrance IN
the war of France. followed as nat
ural sequence to her alliance. with
Russia and Great Britain Joined in af-
ter Germany's invasion OF Belgium
Italy was thus the only one of the
six nations concerned In the two al
liances which was not involved at the
outset. Procla inning her neutrality,
she utilized the opportunity to seek
from Austria the tArritory to the north
of her border which she has long de-
sired Failing to obtain full satisfac-
Ition of her demands she denounced
the triple alliance and Joined the al
lies. The triple entente was thus
converted into the quadruple entente,
as it is sometimes called now.
Germany and Austria Hungary were
siren gthened by the adilersion of Tur-
KEY to the informal alliance with
Germany which had sprung up in re-
cent years and in November, Turkey
entered the war. Montenegro took up
arms with the serbs. and Belgium, on
being invaded, Joined the allfes. Japan
Great Britain's ally in the East. OPEN
ed war on Germany following Berlin's
refusal to surrender Tstng-tau. There
are thus eleven nations now at war,
of which eight form what are known
as the allies.
Political Turmoil.
Historians are agreed that the as
sassination of the Austrian archduke,
Francis Ferdinand. in. Sarajevo, Ros-
MIA on June %, 1914 while the immed-
late cause or the war was not the
determining influence. Europe had
been on the edge Of the preciptce for
decade Perhaps the chief under
lying factor was the development OF
the national idea, demanding that po-
Ilitical divisions should be made to
Correspond with the territory inhab-
tied by the various peoples OF Eu-
rope: that each people. with common
language and customs, should have
political independence and a place In
the sun" The struggle to attain this
end kept Europe in POLITICAL turmoil.
France aspired for Aisace and Lor-
raine, Italy for Triest and the Tren-
tino populated largely by Italians;
Serbia for Bosnia. Ropmania for
Transy1vania and Bessarabia. Aus
tria Hungary. within whose boundary
Ills "a compledty of races with vary
ing claims and aspirations, was par
ttcularly menaced by the growth Of
this idea, and it was one phase of this
agitation-Serbia's desire for Bosnia
which brought on the crisis The
same motive brought insSMontesro
and Italy, and influenced Russia and
France to go to war, 49, ...
The growth of the national idea
was attended by the growth of mill
tarism as a means for securing these
desires. The greatest standing armies
in history we've buiN up. compulsory
military service widespread
and enormous nayies were construct
ed. 8 sNs,li,ssss
OUT oft all wita tie mutual sus-
picien engende red. rev the situation
which Kept Europe In fear Of war;
Armed to excess. the nations awaited
the war which finally came. -.
- =. :. -. - {
M rAEnnpMAN