davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-03-30

BUILDING LOT 4x9 rods, located
on Fourth North.o JApply $40 East
Fourth North. 1 ba!p. 1873
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-03-30
FOR SALE

THREE BUILDING LOTS to trade
for horses. Call 342w. If
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-03-30
Classified

FOR RENT
NICELY FURNISHED ROOMS at
"a East Center. Phone 446j; also
rates for students. If
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30
Navy Making Tests
of "C;reenheart''
ByB. H. Gainfort, Demerara. British Guiana

The gnheart found only British Guiana where immense for
ests be found Docks and piles greenhear it is said
longer than any other wood the greene being absolutely
behring's of the edo In Dutch Guiana
there greenhe but it said to be different species
greeheas The navy department making tests OF
greenhear with employing the wood for the backing OF arnor
baeh instead of teak wood which from Samoa 1t
said the Panama canal be reconstructed OF
greenheart
This wood greenh grown only in British Guiana
principal export of that island and has been used for hundred
years Europe but only recently has been adopted America
The large pairs lock gates the Manchester Ship canal are built OF
greenheart Its durability ogate construction IS
only bolts and osher fastening used Practically all
gates the Bdgwar canal built genhea and for 60
years gates the Mersey hbor Liverpool have been
structed Of greenheart.
The grades of greenheart iron and steel in durability
contact with SOIL This extraordinary freedom
from decay part the wood of akd known
bebeerne against the of the erdo and
land is exempt white ants Logs of genhea have
years. and have perfectly sound
Nansen ship the Franz and the antarctic ship Discovery were
but of said be strongest timber
with crushing strength pounds per square nh IS cent
greater than that of English oak
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

Of capsicum, known in Serbia as pap
rika,' there is little need to sell the
produce in order to buy other COM
modities. All these and others are
stored in the cellars, but in the l1itch-
ems of the one-storied houses, which
are the general rule, bacon, hams and
sailed meat are hung up to dry and
to mature.
Although the houses in the country
are not very large, there is still provi-
sion made for the guest, who may be
a aerfect stranger but who Is welcome
to the hospitality which is tradition
with Serbians in the same way as it
used to exist in the Scottish High
lands. The industries of Serbia are
small, as compared with agriculture,
and this unfortunately is the result Of
a settled policy, which until recent
years was enforced by the governing
classes. When Serbia comes to her
cwn again after the present war, much
in the national life will be changed;
the old order Of things will have
passed away and the development OF
other industries besides those associ-
ated with agriculture is certain to
take place.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

THE kingdom Of Serbia is one
of the smallest in Europe, and
has been very slow in devel-
Il opment Greater progress,
however, has been made during the
last ten years than for centuries be-
fore. The area of the country is 49,
S91 square miles, the population being
over four and half millions, mostly
processing the Greek orthodox faith.
The inhabitants are largely devoted to
agricultural pursuits and, as conse-
quence, there are very numerous small
farms in existence which belong to
the farmers, and by the law of primo
geniture descend from father to son.
Although there are two large towns,
Belgrade and Nish, most of the popu-
lation is rural, and IS per cent, at
least, are engaged in agriculture;
but it is of primitive kind, as may
be witnessed any day on the small
farms referred to where the wooden
plow used in the days Of Xenophon
may be seen in daily use.
This primitive state of agriculture
is largely due to the absence of any
organization or systematic agricultur-
al education. Modern methods have
only been introduced in tentative
way during the last ten years, but
there are no agricultural colleges yet
in existence, although there are a
number of model farms which are sub
sidized by tls state, and in which
technical instr1.lion in dairying, fruit
farming, silk excavation, wine growing
and similar suo:s cts is given. Tobac-
co is produce, 70 some extent but
is not very r,uch- exported, and in
deed the total axqorts from the coun-
try are comparatively small, the larg-
est amount betag sent to Austria-Hun-
gary.
The principss crop raised is maize,
and very largs. quantities Of this &C.
real are consulted In the country in
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

the manufacture of maize bread and
many other preparations in which
ground maize forms the basis.
The flesh consumed is principally
pork, although mutton, goat and beef
enter to some extent into the daily
dietary, more especially in the towns.
Pork, however, in the fresh and in the
cured state, is used everywhere, and
every farmer, small or large, is q
grower Of pigs, the type preferred be-
ing the Mangalicza breed, which has
the characteristic Of producing deep
layers Of fat along the back, which
is cut into long strips, slightly sailed
and used in the place of butter. So
important is the pork-curing industry
considered in Serbia that the govern
ment subsidies the curing establish
ments and in several ways gives con-
cessions to the curers Of pig meat.
The salt required in the business is
subject to rebate of SO per cent OF
it's value, as it is used for industrial
purposes, there being a state monop-
oily of salt in the country.
Sheep Rank Next to Pigs.
Some of the customs in connection
with agriculture are very interesting,
among them being the universal COOP
Grafton of the farmers in annually
sending their sheep to the hills. the
sheep industry ranks next to that OF
pigs, and wool is produced in consid-
cradle quantity. Serbian mutton IS
noted also in eastern countries, and
before the war was much in demand
in Consta1tinople.
But the principal use Of the sheep
is to produce milk, from which a great
variety of cheeses is made. The farm
ers who are the owners Of the sheep
unite together to employ one or more
shepherds, who take charge Of their
fiocks and milk them while they are
on the hills. The shepherds are also
responsible for making the cheese out
of the milk, and pay themselves for
their trouble by taking a certain per-
centase of the produce, the remainder
being divided among the farmers &C
cording to the number Of sheep they
possess.
The cheese produced is somewhat
bitter in taste and not unlike eve
milk cheese, which at one time was
produced SO largely in the south of
Scotland.
The national customs Of rural Ser
bia are very quaint. The marriage
ceremonies, for example, are of the
most elaborate character; the bride is
selected by the parents of the bride
Groom, and this is looked upon as be-
ing quite IN the natural order of hui
man affairs; but all the ceremonies In
connections with marriage are Of the
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

was the route traversed by hundreds
or perhaps thousands of destructive
eruption clouds, still lie drear and
desolate, because the soil was COM
pletely swept away by the blasts,
and the material left behind as well
as that added by the eruption is too
porous for the retention of the water
necessary to restore it to fertility.
Furthermore, the rainfall of the west
side of the island is much less than
on the east side, and the region is
dried by the rays of the afternoon sun.
From Martinique Doctor Hovey pro-
ceeded to the Island Of st. Vincent,
where more than three weeks were
devoted to the study Of Soufriere,
twelve days of the time being spent
in camp on the volcano. Here, as In
Martinique, the vegetation has re-es
tablished itself more thoroughly on
the windward than on the leeward
side of the mountain, the windward
side being that which receives the
greater rainfall, and the leeward side
not only receiving less rainfall but
also suffering from the heat of the af
ternoon sun. Considerable portions OF
the Soufriere received immense de-
posts of gravelly ash from the recent
eruptions, and these are largely bar
rem at the present time. Other areas
received a finely comminuted ash
which retains water better than the
coarse material, and suffers more rap
i'd decomposition. This fine ash is
now coated more or less thickly with
moss and lichens, and often bears, in
addition, bushes, trees, and tree ferns.
The outer limits of the original zone
of humiliation showed merely . de-
struction of the vegetation then coat
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

most elaborate and, for that matter,
costly character.
Christmas ceremonies also are very
elaborate and are reminiscent OF Ia
gan rites. One Of the customs is to
cut dow a tree in the forest, and IN
falling it must lie to the east. In
every household such tree Is cut
into three portions, and is looked upon
as being sacred and not to be touched.
There is much throwing Of wheat,
which has certain symbolic signifl-
canoe, and the log is then placed on
the fire. while, at the same time, the
inevitable pig is roasted f1r a feast.
The ceremonies continue during
Christmas day, which is given up to
feasting, mingled with religious ex-
hortations, and only come to an end
when the night is far advanced.
People Are Superstitious.
AS a nation the Serbians are ex-
tremely superstitious. and this fea-
ture runs through the whole of their
national customs, whether it is in the
laying out Of house or in the prepa-
ration for death; but the Serbian
farmer does not fear death, as he
usually prepares the boards for his
own coffin and keeps them in readi-
ness in his house.
In the country villages it is tr" GUS
tom to give kind of feast five tlmes
in the year for the souls of departed
heads of households, and food and
drink, including wine, are placed on
the graves and afterwards given to
the poor. It is high holiday for the
beggars, and they are not slow to take
advantage of the occasion.
In the country districts there Is very
little use for money, as the farms, be-
ing small, are utilized for the produc-
ton of food for the winter, and this
consisting as it does, largely Of wine,
brandy produced from plums, sauer'
kraut, potatoes, onions and the pods
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30
Prot Famous for Carpets.

Prot is the center of an important
Serbian industry. Prot carpets, blue
and red, are to be found in every Ser
bian home, and have gained fame be-
yond the Balkans. They nearly all
are made in private houses, entirely
by hand. often without even shuttle,
the workers using no patterns, but ar
tistic instinct producing harmonious
results. The art has been acquired, no
doubt, from the Turks, who learned u
from the Persians, but Prot carpets
have qualities all their own. Cosars
and materials are so strong thaS u is
almost impossible to wear theIa Out.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30
Bear the Torch Of
Civilization
By Thomas Nelson Page, New York

aside and becoming in turn the leader
Each has borne the torch of civilization has followed some
path peculiarly Egyptian Syrian Persian Creek Roman Frank
all had their ideal progress directed under supreme
authority, maintained by armed organization
We Angaxons bear the torch Of civilization because we possess
PRINCIPLES of liberty have the character should have
the character fathers have transmitted with which to
uphold it.
not then be that with the certainty law OF nature
some natio-and be enthusiastically knocking
at our DOORS push the and take the torch and bear
onward and shall 20 down.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30
Drill Amenities.

Mayor John Purroy Mitchell said at
q dinner in New York:
The memories of camp life are
very pleasant thing to any soldier.
Even the little vivacities of camp life
seem in the retrospect pleasant
enough.
THUS I often laugh about o bank.
err who was being drilled daily one dav,
at Plattsburg by broker-sergeant.
'What1l you give me- said the
broker-sergeant, an old Yale end, If
take that hump off your back?'
"T'n give you,' the banker an
swered with a tart laugh, something
to make your hair grow, SARGE"
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

ing the mountain slopes and did not
suffer destruction or deep burying OF
the soil.
Palms and tree ferns have regained
their pristine development and beauty
in this region, and forest trees arc
growing. On the east side OF the
mountain the sugar cane plantations
which flourished before the eruptions
are now largely restored to cultiva'
ton and present a heavier growth OF
cane than before, while on the west
side the peasant proprietors are al
ready taking up provision ground"
on the lower slopes of the volcano it.
self.
Soufriere Crater Is Beautiful.
The great crater of the Soufriere Is
beautiful enough to repay the lover OF
scenery for special trip to the island.
It is about nine-tenths of mile across
from east to west and three-quarters
of a mile wide from north to south,
and a lake approximately half mile
in diameter now occupies its lower
portions as it's predecessor did in the
days before the eruptions which
changed the whole appearance Of the
mountain. In 1923 there was little
pool of muddy water in the bottom OF
the bowl through which disturbing
columns or puffs of steam we're con-
tinually rising. In 1908 the pool was
much larger, was yellowish green in
color, and was not disturbed by any
eruptive discharges, but did not fill the
bottom of the crater.
Now the lake is apparently some
hundreds of feet deeper than it was
then, and occupies the entire bottom
of the crater, rising well up on the
vertical walls in most places. Doctor
Hovey was able to make careful meas
urements with the theodolite which
established the surface Of the lake as
being 76O feet below the point where
the trail from the western side OF
the island reaches the rim of the era
ter, or approximately 2,14o feet above
the level of the sea.
The interior walls of the crater arc
coated with moss and tufts of grass
wherever there are slopes Of volcanic
ash, and tree ferns and bushes are re-
establishing themselves in the ravines
cut by the rains while the vertical faces
of the old lava beds making up large
part OF the mountain add toEes of red
dish and yel1owish gay to the colos
effant
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30
III More Liberal View
Of Things Eternal
|BvR Rev. w. H. Carwardine, West Pullman, ILL.,

ton to man and relation to deity remain possible
+;f dovo1onment discoveries in all realms nature studies in
the that break down caste and social
r and destruction of ideals which possessed before
the European conflict have opened visions OF God and
that have startled old ideas imagined
to be impregnable -
good sign. Theooges change PHILOSOPHERS may "ea
out dissolved and cherished beliefs may seem
dissolved in thin air. the Christ and the eternal word ar
still fundamental and Interchangeable.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

several days in camp on the old sum-
NIT plateau Of the volcano, which is
450 feet above the sea, and which for
merly bordered the pool of fresh water
known as Lac des Palmistes. The new
cone, which stands as the enduring
monument of the great eruption, near
ly fills the old crater adjoining the
plateau, rising some 600 feet above it.
The famous spine, or obelisk, which
rose some hundreds Of feet further in
10 the air, disappeared entirely nearly
ZEN years ago through disintegration,
and the cone, as viewed from the sea,
presents a fiat top, whose apparent
smoothness does not prepare a visitor
for the actual ruggedness Of surface
which he finds on climbing the noun
tain.
Mt. Peiee Quieting Down.
At the time of Doctor Hovey's last
I previous visit in 1908 the new cone
was scanned with assures which dis
uaarged great volumes of steam and
gave temperatures as high as Duo de-
grees C. 600 degrees F). The present
exnedition found considerable steam
still issuing from these vents, but no
temperatures exceeding 100 degrees g.
(212 degrees F.) could be found.
On the east or windward side of the
volcano the vegetation has re-estab-
lished itself to the summit of the noun
tain, and even the forest is beginning
to reassert itself. The whole aspect OF
this side of the volcano is verdant and
peaceful and gives no Indication of the
devastation Of thirteen years ago; even
tie rocks of the new cone are more
or less thickly coated with moss, while
the side and top Of the old cone are
covered with grass, ferns and bushes,
In addition to the moss and lichens. On
the summit plateau the campers found
an abundance of red raspberry bushes
bearing flowers and green and ripe
fruit.
Sugar plantations on the west side
of Mt. Pelee have been reinstated as
far as the Roxelane river, within the
border Of the original zone of annihila-
ton, while the ruined city of st. Pierre
INV contains about thirty new build
ngs of durable construction and res
z f6ent population IF between two and
three hundred people.
One Side Still DesoIate.
The zones stretching down the south
west side of the volcano lying between
the Seche and Blanche rivers. which
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30
r EDMUND OTIS HOVEY,
\ curator of the department of
peo1Opv and invertebrate pale

II EDMUN Oll0 I1OVG4s
curator of the department of
geology and invertebrate pale
anthology of the American
Museum of Natural History, has re-
turned from a three months expeui-
ton to the Lesser Antilles. He spent
most of his time on the islands of
Guadaloupe, Martinique and st. Vim
cent whore he continued the studies
of the active volcanoes of the West In
dies, which he began in 1902, during
the great eruptions of Mt. Pelee, Mar
tinique, and the Soufriere of St. Vim
cent.
Doctor Hovey spent 16 days on the
island of Guadeloupe, three of which
fNere spent on the summit of the Sou
friere, where temperature observations
on the fumaroles were made and sam
Piles of escaping gases collected. These
\ fumaroles have been active, with va
Fying degrees of strength, during all
The historic period of the volcano. A
marked increase of discharge of sui
phurated steam took place at the time
of the eruptions of Martinique and
st. Vincent, and an area several acres
in extent was then added to the active
region. The vents maintain the force
5of their discharge, but the temperature
does not in any case exceed 100 degrees
&c. (212 degrees F.). The eastern mem
Der of the twin islands forming Guade-
1oupe is sedimentary in origin. Doctor
lHovey spent much Of his time study
ing it's geological relations with refer
Eence to their bearing on the general
history of the Antilles.
9; On Martinique he devoted most of
his time to Mt. Pelee itself, and the
ruined city of st. Pierre, and spent
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30
Notable Victories Of
Unarmed Men
BY JENKIN LLOYD JONES. Chicago

to restore the proper perspective suffering political sa
country being afflicted with military hysteria which
distorts tendency revert to the craftsmanship OF
medieval and still more ancient days.
whose apprehension of immediate danger
country though is by the mighty of the world on either
sde seques than hundred when we
ourselves went trouble wisely and rghousy avodab-
amounts to panic
It wholesome these times that the great
world have been the of and not the men OF war Moses
and Jesus bore no triumph the unamd Jefferson
that boundary of the United States to the ocean,
the expedition Lewis and Clarke found the across
continent y
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30
Compulsory School
Attendance Laws
By John P. Newcomer. Birmingham. Ala.

10 four-Alabama Florida, Georgia and Mississippi /
The Texas requires all children between the ages OF egt anu
fourteen to attend the first 80 day the second ea
100 davs thereafter school year. provides Tor atoanc
officers fixes penalties for violations and provides for the
of parental schools where The law goes INTO e
September l. 1916. , ..
The South Carolina OPTIONAL but the stee authorities ar
hopeful that large proportion of tho districts will vote to have the @
apply tn them.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

Modern conceptions OF
religious truths have given
us a wider and more liberal
view of things eternal. No
longer will old and narrow
ideas of God and his rela-
ton to man and mans rela.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

With South Carolina anc
Texas enrolled on the list OF
states that have compulsor!
school attendance laws as :
result of 1915 legislation
the states without com3ul'
sorry laws are now reduced
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

In the history Of civiliza'
ton first one nation arises
and becomes the torch
bearer, and then another
takes the torch as it be-
comes stronger, the stronger
always pushing the weaker
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

Nothing can be more
timely in these days than a
study of the triumphs OF
unarmed men, a cataloguing
of the bloodless victories
witnessed upon the pages OF
history. Such a study ought
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

"Greenheart'' Is l,Jt the
name of a play, nor yet OF
a racehorse; it is the name
Of a wood, said to be the
hardest wood known to den"
biologists. It is more dur
able even than steel or iron.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1915-12-30

South Africa's Demand For Films.
South Africa imports $4,000 feet Of
moving picture films weekly. !
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1915-10-14
New York Cotton.

NEW YORK. Oct. 10. The cotton
market opened firm at an advance Of
Il to 25 points today and the active
months sold 20 to 30 points net higher
right after the call on renewed de
mand from soIdout longs and bull sup
pors encouraged by the strength Of
Liverpool over the local holiday aud
nnfavorable view OF weather condi-
tions.
'rne talk in bullish circles was that
temperatures had been low enough
in the northern half of the belt since
the end OF Lass week 10 practically
eliminate the possibility Of any top
crop. while the further rains are con-
sidered in favor Of smaller crop esti-
mates and the weather news was sun
posed 10 be largely responsible for the
strength abroad December contracts
sold at i2.90c and January at 15.0Sc
shortly after the opening OF within 10
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1915-10-14
Glittering Human
DOmes ON Display

aret girls insult lthey played Il Want
TO Go Back" in pity-pats on the ban
quoting bald ones last year,. Deacon
Elliott b. Bronson Of the Winchester
Congregational church has been ap-
pointed chairman OF the entertainment
committee.
There win be many hairless con
tests Prizes will 20 to the balde st
head. the tallest shortest, fattest.
shlniest. pinkest. whitest. reddest,
etc, bald heads. The hairest bald.
headed will draw the BOBBY prize a
comb and brush
The membership committee has
many applicants upon whom it started
work this morning with rule and COM
pass, classifying and setting each hair
in its place. Your badness must be
three inches in diameter or you can I
jine.
Representative +. Davis Oakley o
Hartford who claims the distinction
Of never having spoken to barber in
his life. will make a speech. He has
been warned not TO tell any stories
With hair on them Eddie Riggs,
formerly with the New York Sun and
now with the New Haven railroad, will
tell about skullcaps he has met