davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
CULLING THE POULTRY FLOCK
Many Farmers Are Keeping Hens Long
Past Their Period of Usefulness
Give Plenty of Room.
CBv I G. HALPINO

(By ]. G. HALPlND
A great deal Is being said about the
ACCESSIBILITY of keeping all of the stock
that farm can possibly hold. think,
however, that this advice Is wrong
and that we should encourage our
farmers to Gull more closely than
usual.
On large proportion Of our farms
there are old hens that are long past
their period of usefulness, many of
these hens with long toe nails show
ing that they have not worked for
months. There are also many crow
headed, hin-breasted, weak-consti-
tutioned hens that will never be good
egg producers. Also, there are many
farms with little late-hatched chicks
that will not be a paying investment.
All of these culls should be disposed
of as quickly as possible and the feed
given to the better individuals. ! adj
nit that the price of eggs will be high,
but with our present feed prices one
cannot afford to feed the hens that
show from their general makeup that
they are likely to be poor producers.
On many farms there are 200 chick
ems with only housing room for hun
dred. If the flock is reduced down to
the hundred best ones, the result will
be many more eggs in the winter and
a much lower feed bill.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04

room for the vital organs should be
provided by a good width and depth
of chest, wellsprung ribs and straight
deep sides-a deep, capacious body
from end to end. Depth of chest and
sides are specially important in
brood SOW. Punched chests and waists
must be avoided. Brood sows should
of course, show quality, but this should
not become overretined and delicate
Extremes of refinement usually lead
to delicacy of constitution and often
accompany sterility.
The selection of the boar is even
more important than that of the sows
1t is possible to obtain success from
the use of a good boar with inferior
sows, but nothing but disaster can pos
sibly come from the use Of an inferior
boar with sows of high quality. One
method raises the standard of the
herd, the other lowers it. If, as is apt
to be the case the farmers herd at
the beginning is not of sufficient size
to justify buying high-grade boar for
his exclusive use, it will be far better
for him to join with his neighbors in
obtaining one in common, then TO at
tempt to get results from an inferior
animal. One boar can serve fifty or
sixty sows season, so that co-opera-
tion will be found profitable in a great
majority of instances.
A boar with strongly developed
masculine characteristics should be Sc
lected, preferably as yearling, or else
as a pig THAI has Deen purchased at
the same time as the sows and al
lowed to come to maturity. before be-
ing used He should have strongly
masculine head and Weil-crested
cerk His shoulders should be de.
veloped according to age; but shields
on the shoulders in pigs under year
or eighteen months are Objectionable.
The same indications of a good pork
producing carcass that the sows re-
quired should be seen in the boar-a
broad, straight, deeply fleshed back,
much depth and length of side, and
welldeveloped hind quarters. The boar
should be selected to correct. any de-
fects that may be common to the
sows, for example, if the sows are
rather coarse in bone and loosely
built, the boar should have high quail.
ty-flne bone, skin and hair. If the
sows tend toward overrefinement and
delicacy, the boar should be rather
''rangy" and strengthened.
Once the herd has been established
by the careful selection of sows and
boar, 1t must be maintained and its
standard raised by the exercise of the
greatest care in the selection of ami
mails for breeding purposes. This Sc
lection should be made as early as
possible. One celebrated breeder used
to select his show lambs and calves
when they were three days old. This.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
HOW TO IMPROVE LAMB CROP
Practice of Allowing Youngsters to
Run With Mothers Until Breeding
Time Is Objectionable.

Lambs should be weaned when from
four to four and onehalf months old.
SO says Frank Kleinheinz, shepherd
Of the University hocks, in answer
to numerous inquiries upon this sub.
ject
Many fiockmasters allow the lambs
to run with their mothers until breed
ing time. This Mr. Kleinheinz re-
CARDS as very Objectionable for it an
noys the ewes and keeps them in poor
condition Moreover. at this time the
lambs get but little mix and they
will really do better without it.
When taken from their mothers,
the lambs should be put on piece OF
fresh pasture, which will help to
avoid much Of the stomach worm
trouble.
After weaving time the ewes should
be put on scant pasture for about
week in order to- dry them up quick
~. During this period they should be
MIXED a few times to prevent the
udder from caking and as soon as
they are fairly dry they ought to be
placed on good pasture again, where
they will put on flesh and become
strong and vigorous before they are
bred in the fall,
Early weaving and good care of the
ewes after the lambs are taken away
enables the ewes to go into winter
quarters in good condition, thus aid
ing winter feeding and insuring a
large crop of strong lambs in the
spring
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
RAISING THE COLT BY HAND
Youngsters Should Be Fed Cows Milk
Weakened With Water-Mixture
Should Be SWeetened.
Ty w d NEtLE)

An orphan colt can be raised by
hand successfully if little care is
taken. 1t should be fed on cows
milk, but the COW should be fresh if
possible.
Do not feed the milk at its normal
strength bat weaken with one-third
water-that Is, to two parts milk put
one part warm water.
The mixture should be sweetened a
little with sugar and given when about
the temperature OF mares milk.
At the end of two weeks the guam
tity of water may gradually be re-
duced and the amount of milk in
creased until the water is left Off al
together Don't forget to sweeten the
milk at all times.
Whenever possible the milk should
be given Immediately after milking 1t
from the COW. If it is de.ired, fresh
cGg may be added three times day.
1t will be a strengthened and will make
the colts hair sleek and glossy
The quantity of milk given should
be governed by ones judgment. Some
colts require more than others, but be
careful not to overfeed, for the colt
may get the scours. Until the colt Is
a month old it will be necessary to
feed it three or four times each day.
To teach the colt to drink from
pail is not very great task. Put your
finger in his mouth and lower your
hand into the milk. He will get a
taste of the milk and soon you can slip
your finger from his mouth and ne
viii proceed without you.
Ii he proves obstinate, wrap goose
quill with a strip Of cloth and use it as
a nipple in a bottle or purchase a MP
rle from the drug store.
Good care must b. taken of the
pail from which the colt drinks 1t
should be sralded each time it is used.
Never use sour or skim milk,
YOU would avoid bowel troubles
Give clean water between feeds Let
him run in the yard, and soon he Will
be nipping the green grass.
After while he will be eating dry
bran from your hand if you put a little
sugar in it.
Soon you will be able to feed him
some grain and then your hardest work
is over.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
WILT RESISTANT TOMATO SEED
CAN NOW b SECURED
FOR TRIAL.

The fusan'um wilt disease Is now
making it Improbable to grow toma.
toes on thousands of acres in Mary
land, Prof. l. B. S. Norton, of the
Maryland Experiment Station, has Sc
lected and grown now for three sener.
atoms strains of Stone and Greater
Baltimore, which so far Lave been al
most free from this disease when
planted on infected soil, A small
amount of seed of these can be sup
piled this year to any one who will
plant them on wilt-infected soil along
side ordinary seed of the same variety
and measure the yield and healthful-
ness of each.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
NEEDED SUPPLY OF POTASH
All That Is Required Is to RIow Deep
Iy and Bring Lower Soils Into
Contact With tho Air.

There is a good deal of talk in ad'
vanced farm circles as to what we are
going to do for supply of potash now
since the importation from Germany
Is cut off. So far as ordinary soils are
concerned, that need can be readily
supplied If the farmer will but rese-
lutely face the problem of deep pillow.
ing, says Hoard's Dairyman. All OF
the lower soils contain large supply
of potash.
All that is needed to bring it into
use and profitable contact with grow
ing plants is to 60 down after it. Plow
the land twelve to sixteen inches deep,
bring up that stiff impenetrable sub
soil and give it contact with the air:
mix it with the top soil and give it
contact with the manure and other
forms of humus. That will set the
potash free, put it in shape so the
roots of plants can utilize 1t.
We do not need to do this deep
blowing every year. Once in five or
six years will do. But we will know
a good deal more about it, and the
benefits that come from it in various
ways, if we once set about it in
practical, earnest manner. Most farm
ers dread to start in this work. They
dislike to incur the expense of a deep
tilling pillow, and they are skeptical as
to the results. But they always will
be in dread, and always will be skep-
teal until they go ahead and put
themselves where they can see and
learn.
One benefit is that you can get at
your deeply plowed land several days
earlier in the spring. Clayey soils
lose time in the spring. Every farmer
is afraid of blowing them until they
are well dried out for fear of their be.
ing lumpy all the summer long. But
deep blowing helps great deal In this
respect.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
A recent farmers bulletin (No GA
issued by the United States depart
ment of agriculture, entitled Natural
and Artificial Brooding of Chickens,
contains some interesting suggestions
regarding the feeding of young chick
ems. The accompanying figure Illus
trates frame cover with wire netting
to protect feed of young chicks from
the older fowls.
Young chickens should be fed from
three to five times daily, depending
upon ones experience in feeding. I'M
doubleday chickens can be grown fast
er by feeding five times daily than by
feeding three times daily, but it
should be borne in mind that more
harm can be done to the young chick
ems by overlooking than by under
feeding, and at no time should they be
fed more than barely to satisfy their
appetites and to keep them eXercls'
ing, except at the evening or last meal,
WHICH, lu0y NC gwen ga 'HN'
will eat. Greater care must be exer'
cised not to overfeed young chicks
that are confined than those that have
free range, as leg weakness is liable to
result in those confined
Farmers who have no experience In
hog raising but who wish to start a
herd on their farms are urged by the
United States department of agrlcul-
ture to make haste slowly 1t will be
real economy, they say, if the begin
ner can secure the advice and assist
ance of an experienced breeder
Whether he succeeds in this or not,
he should start with small herd.
Five sows will be enough for the first
year if these are really good animals.
The chief points to be desired in
brood sow are set forth in farmers
bulletin POS of the United States de-
partment of agriculture, published UNI
der the title of Pig Measurements
The sows selected should be nearly
the same age and uniform in type. The
forehead should be broad between the
eyes, the throat clean and trim, the
neck moderately thin and the shout
ders smooth and deep; the back should
be fairly wide and straight and ample
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04

the narrowing bed during the greater
part of the day. In low shed roof
buildings such as are generally used
for the average farm hog house this is
easily accomplished by leaving the
greater part of the south wall open.
For those who may desire to construct
very large hog houses, the writer
would recommend that they procure a
copy of Farmers Bulletin No. 43S Of
the United States Department of Agri'
culture. Mr. Warren, the author of the
bulletin, has carefully worked out a
series of tables based on latitude, that
give the correct placing of the win
dows, for securing the greatest amount
of sunlight for all sections of the coun.
try,
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
Keeps Hoes Well.

Less grain, more pasture, less con-
fnement and more exercise in the
pure air of the alfalfa, clover or blue
grass fields will tone up the system
so that disease is not readily contract
ed. Yet with the best of care and feed
disease in new forms will appear to
battle us, and when it comes, 1t is not
safe to daily with it, especially If 1t
seems infectious. Letting sick hogs
have the run of the herd is sure to
spread disease, therefore it is a safe
rule to lose no time in removing the
first sick hog to some remote lot where
it cannot infect the herd as its dis.
ease progresses
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04

In some communities, the first fac
tor towards making your church Il
success may be in getting better roads
radiating out from your church center;
for we all know that people will not
come to church at the seasons OF the
year when the roads are impossible,
and if they do get to church, they are
service. So that the man who said
that better means of travel while on
earth will make better means of travel
hereafter, las certainly said a great
truth.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
SUNSHINE THE BEST TONIC FOR
LITTLE PIGS.
C. l.. OpPERMAN.
Ridgely Sub-Experiment Station.

Pens which admit an abundance Of
sunshine are direct aid in growing
strong, sturdy pigs. Sunshine seems
to have a wonderful influence In pro-
noting health. 1t is Natures best
disinfectant and helps to keep the
quarters dry and warm. 1t is very
essential then that the building be 50
health giving rays may food the floor
and walls. The openings In the south
wall of piggeries shown should be so
arranged that an abundance of sun
shine is supplied during the cold win
ter months. The Important point is
to have the openings and windows
high enough for the sunshine to strike
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
POUITRYNOTES
NWSNse ~ 9aauo

Roots of ali kinds can be fed cooked
or raw, but they should be chopped
fine.
The legs of dressed poultry when
shipped to market should be perfectly
clean.
By large rooster" is meant plump,
soft chicken, weighing about four Or
five pounds.
Always turn the heads of the birds
back under The wings in packing
dressed poultry.
When the mornings are cold, take
the chill off the drinking water but
do not make it warm.
During the months of April, May
and June the highest prices are paid
for a frst-class soft rooster
Old cock birds have a class of their
own in market, and do not come UNI
der the head of large roasting fowls
Each pigeon should have at least
one hundred cubic feet space in the
living pen writes J. l. Van Arsdale.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
FRUIT TREE FARMERS
Much Damage Done by Borers
and Other Pests.
Trees Should Be Examined and Every
Egg Mass, Cocoon, or Any Cover.
Ing in Which Insects Hide
Should Be Removed.
(By w. E RUMSEY.)

Q'y w. L. RUMSElJ
The treatment which an orchard
tree receives during the first few
years of its growth often determines
to considerable degree the profitable
ness of its bearing life. If allowed to
become weak and stunted, as result
OF attacks of insects, it may live on
from year to year, but will probably
never fully recover. Many young
trees are killed outright by borers and
such pests, or 80 seriously injured
that they soon succumb to droughts
or are broken down by storms.
A young orchard that Is not pro-
tected from these enemies is likely
soon to show many missing trees, and
those remaining will be irregular in
size and will lack uniformity in shape,
vigor and productiveness. IL the neg
lect Is continued, these defects will
become more and more apparent as
the orchard advances in age. 1t is es'
sential therefore, in establishing a
good orchard, that the trees not only
come from the nursery free from hurt.
full insects and insect injuries, but
that they may be kept so.
Young trees are less able to with
stand severe injuries than are old
ones, but they are, likewise, more
easily protected. Their small size
makes 1t an easy matter to examine
them for and to remove, borers. They
can be sprayed quickly and effectively,
and such insects as tent-caterpillars,
web.worms and bag-worms can be re-
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
! I'VE
@a;sT~~gI
- ] ~ \%5N
CURING TIE HALTER FULLER
Sand Around Horses Body Surprises
and Mystfies Him and He soon
Learns to Behave Himself.

Have you ever owned horse that
broke his halter rope again and again?
| have seen some that were tied with
long chains because the owner de-
SPARED of ever keeping them in their
stalls by any other method. his hab-
It may be cured very easily, however.
Put a band around the horses body
Just in front Of the rump. To the un.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
GREEN FEED FOR CHICKENS
Cut Glover or Alfalfa and an Occa.
sionaI Feed Of Sprouted Oats Are
Beneficial.

Beets and mangels are of value for
hens as an appetizer and bowel rpgu.
lator. When the cold comes on so
that the range is no longer comfort
able they should have plenty Of room
in good, airy houses. AT this time
they are fed as large variety Of foods
rarely should they have wet mashes
of any kind. Cut clover or ground al
talfa and an occasional feed of sprout-
ed oats are beneficial Sour milk also
figures largely IN the bill OF fare.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
Cure for the Halter Fuller.

derside of this attach one end of til
halter rope. Run the rope through the
halter ring, but do not tie it to the
ring. Tie the loose end OF the rope
to the manger In the usual way, When
the horse pulls the band will tighten
on his body, This, says Epit.mis is
so unusual that 1t surprises and mys-
tifes him. If he has had the habit
long. however, he will try again, and
again he will be surprised Gradually
he learns that he is not master OF the
situation. His will is broken and the
habit Is cured.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
AN ECONOMICAL RATION FOR
YOUNG POULTRY.
Mil Feed AZ Well As Whole Grain
May Be Fed To Advantage.
ROY H. WAITE.
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.

The price of wheat has SO nearly
gone out of sight that most every
poultry raiser Is interested in finding
some substitute. A few weeks back,
oats were selling at low price, as
compared with wheat and as they
have a similar feeding value to wheat,
could be substituted to a considerable
extent. Now, however, they seem to
be trying to catch up with wheat and
1T present prices are very little cheaper.
My feed dealer today quoted wheat at
about $241 per 100 lbs, and oats at
1925 per 100 lbs. When you consider
the excess of fiber in oats they would
hardly be used. Barley has much the
! same feeding value as wheat, has less
hull than oats and prices | have seen
quote it slightly cheaper than oats
pound for pound.
One can use a great deal of the old
standby. corn, but something else
ought to be fed with it, for it lacks
some Of the protein elements. 1t looks
as though 1t would be a good policy to
use a good deal of mill feeds, such as
bran and middlings, for Trey are not
so high In price and being wheat
products are good for poultry. If the
hens will not eat enough of it in the
form of dry mash, feed some of 1t
moist. In fact the trend of feeding
methods today seems to be towards
a combination of dry and wet feeding,
A suggested ration
Scratch feed;-Corn.
Mash Bran, 100 lbs.
Middlngs, 100 lbs.
Beef Scrap, so lbs.
Salt, IL lbs.
Make the birds eat at least as much
mash as corn. Don't change your
ration suddenly and expect best re-
suits. The fowls must get accustomed
to a new ration.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
Potato Culture.

Some of the things that cause the
failure of potato hills are poor soil,
improper preparation, poor seed. ir-
regular planting, poor cultivation,
bugs, diseases and poor weather.
Many of these conditions are con-
trollable; all of them may be infiu.
enced by proper methods of culture,
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04
Salmon's Method OF Jumping

At their best, salmon can Jump at
least ten feet above the surface, feat
achieved by slapping the water with
the powerful tail and fiexing the body
until the end and tail all but meet.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04

of course, is unusual, but the decision
should not be delayed any longer than
is absolutely necessary. No animals
should be selected for breeding pur-
poses except for good reasons and
unless the breeder is quite sure that
he is right in his selection.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1915-03-04

Great .ouihern Pig. & Mfg,
r;,I,!st N MD
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1915-01-01
COUNTY NOTES
Thinner Tingles

J. G. Arndts spent Christmas
with relatives at Gall.
Mrs. Kelley has been i'm charge
OF the Potter store the past few
days.
J. \. Henderson spent Christ
mas at the home uf his mother,
Mrs. ]. l.. Ashcroft.
Miss. ID. McGann left last week
for Bismarck, where she went to
consult a physician for throat
trouble.
Dudley Ascr"it "f Flasher. spent
Christmas IL, the home uI his par
cntS here.
Miss Mildred NcSlnitll is clcrking
at the B. III. Finch store, and her
winning snilc is sure drawing the
trade.
The Thinner Literary Society de-
bate this evening is on the subject,
resolved "That Il pin is more use
! full than button.'
The Potter family had Il family
reunion Christmas at the home OF
Mrs. Cora Potter. r. Z. Potter
and family Of here attended.
MIR. Brustcr and family left fol
Minnesota the first OF the week,
where they will visist for about q
month.
j. l.. Ashcroft made trip to
Flasher last week. where he will
visit for Il week with his son, Marc,
who runs a restaurant there,
Roy Tenant of Winona. En-.
mons country, returned to his home
Saturday after a weeks visit at TIL,
Ashcroft ranch, ON the west side o.
the Cannonball river across tllt
Sioux county line.