davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-02-21

Iisercnts by the number OF men kilied
on either side.
From past records and 4 compilation
of present war figures. 1t is concluded
that $4,000 is the approximate cost of
killing each man who falls, iu this war.
This does not include the sentimental
side at all. nor does it include the
mans economic value to the corlrnu-
nifty a wage Garner. which is placed
at the lowest at $3.50 per year. Though
it costs SO much to Kill a man. there
is but little money inducement offered
the fighters to endure the horrors ana
rigors of war and the strong chance
of being killed or wounded. for the
pay of the private soldier is amazingly
small. French privates receive cent
day, Germans cents a dsN. Bel
gian troops from to cents, and
sS1-25 per year The United States
soldier. of course. heads the list with
his SlS6 annual pay.
From all Of these items OF expense
spending her fifty million dollars
daily and how she win no doubt keep
on doing so and going much higher
the conflict grows more intense.
Then. too. this amount does not IN
cLude preparations for winter cam
paign. Ali soldiers upon mobilization
don Z brand-new uniform complete. and
already France has placed an order for
100000 pairs Of shoes. showing tina
the French shoes did not long stand
the strain of strenuous campaign,
All of the nations are buying horses
by the thousands. 100. .00O horseshoes
have been ordered. 100000 blankets, to
say nothing of underearmeuts, autos
and many other things that the daily
wear and tear and destruction of battle
make necessary.
Napoleon was once asked the great
necessity of soldiers equipment, to
which he answered. Good shoes" He
was also asked the second requirement
and again he said. Good shoes to
change" and the third requirement
was a pair OF shoe soles for repair
work. SO that shoes appear to be an
accepted necessity in more than one
pair. from the viewpoint of efficiency
that comfort gives to the soldiers.
Evening star., 1915-02-21

0NHE project for the creation of a
state to be called Lincoln. in
q honor and in memory of the I'm
mortal Abraham Lincoln, is persistent
one and IL is the belief of its advo-
Gates that they will finally set the
forty-ninth star in the national flag.
In the senate at olympia, the capital
of the state of Washington, there has
been introduced ii memorial asking
that the Congress of the United States
create from the eastern counties of
Washington and that northerly pro-
lection Of Idaho called the Panhandle
IA state to be called the state of Lin
colin" II has been reported that the
memorial has received the unanimous
approval of that committee of the state
senate to which 1t was referred for
consideration.
Since the establishment of the United
States only once has a we'll established
state been dissected that part OF its
territory and population might be
erected into a new state mat was
done during the stress of the civil war.
and the state so created was West Nlr-
glnla, which was erected out OF the
western counties of Virginia, and tie
proceeding was long matter OF DIS
Sension as to its conStltutIonallty.
New states have arisen out OF the wild
lands of older states.
The Constitution provides Tor the erec-
tion of a new state within the Jurlsdlc-
tion of an older state, IT being laid
down in article 4, section 3. OF the fed
eral Constitution that New states may
be admitted by Congress into this
Union; hut no new state shall be
formed or erected within the Jurfsdlc-
tion of any other state; nor any state
be formed by the junction of two or
more states, or parts of states, without
of hn 1np
states concerned as well as of the Con-
gress"
Thus, the erection of the state of
Lincoln would require the concurrence
of the legislatures of Washington and
Of Idaho and of the Congress at WASH
Inston. Rich and well settled country
Evening star., 1915-02-21

ham Lincoln. Grover Cleveland and
BENJAMIN Harrison we're Presbyterlans.
John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Mil
lard Fillmore and William Howard
Taft were Unitarians. Martin Van Bu-
rem and Theodore Roosevelt, reformed
Dutch, and Andrew Johnson, Ulysses
s Grant and william Mckinley, Meth
odists James A. Garfeld's faith was
that of the Disciples, and Thomas Je1 :
ferson's religious connection is SET
down as liberal" Randall. blosra- :
pher of Jefferson, having written tha'
though he was a believer i'll Christian :
ity he WAS not a sectarian. PRESIDENT
Johnson also was not a church mem
ber though a Christian believer, ana
his wife, whose name was Eliza Mccal .
die, was a member of the Methoo'''
Church.
Evening star., 1915-02-21

he did at considera BILE length and with
great care, he omitted the customary
Trinitarian formula.
Tobias Lear, his private secretary.
who wrote very fully of Washington's
last Illness and of the scenes and in
cidents of his deathbed. is said not to
have mentioned that the dying Wash
ington. though CONSCIOUS and knowing
that his end approached, asked for
clergyman or the last rites of his
church.
The religions of the Presidents of the
United states as officially given, show
that George Washington. James Madl-
SON James Monroe, William Henry
Harrison, John Tyler. Zachary Taylor.
Franklin Pierce and Chester y. Arthur
were Episcopalians. Andrew Jackson.
James K Polk, James Buchanan, Abra-
Evening star., 1915-02-21

historian of the American Episcopal
Church. says that in the period in mind
the Episcopal Church in Virginia was
solidly tory, and that after the war
it was for some time a question
whether ii would not become extinct
In this situation may be found q rea-
son why many men. earnest and daring
in the advocacy Of the rights of the
colonies, and finally daring in the cause
of independence. seem to have slipped
away from q strict adherence to tn.
religious doctrines which earlier they
had professed-
reared In the Episcopal faith. His
father. Augustine, his brother Law
renee and his brother John had been
Episcopalians. His mother, Mary Ball,
and her family were Of the same faith.
AS a child George Washington went to
the Episcopal church IN Frederlcks-
burg, and after his fathers death,
when he went back to live at his birth
place with his half brother, Augustine,
he attended the Popes Creek Episcopal
Church, in which he had been baptized.
when at about the age of sixteen years
he went to live with another half
brother, Lawrence, at Mount Vernon,
he attended Pohick Church and was
one of the Vestry. Later Ike took Il pew
at Christ Church, i'll Alexandria. Some
times he attended service at Falls
Church, and sometimes he went TO
service at Broad Creek Church, i'll
y
and Annapolis he attended the Episco-
pal service
The point is that about the time Of
the revolution the claim Is made that
Washingtons religious opinions ap-
peared to come somewhat in agreement
with those of Thomas jefferson, who
has many times been denounced as a
free thinker" 1t has been said that
while President at Philadelphia, but
this has been denied. 1t is said that
Bishop White rebuked Washington for
not attending church on communion
Sunday. One of the profound inquirers
into facts relating to the later years
of Washington at Mount Vernon has
written that Washington's diary shows
that he attended church about once a
month Nellie Custis, his ward and
adopted daughter. who became the wife
of his nephew, Lawrence Lewis, has
been quoted as saying that on com
munIon Sunday she and Mrs Wash
inRton always rode to church alone.
few years ago, when discussion OF
this matter waxed warm it was called
up that in about 1925 the rector OF
Christ Church. Alexandria. was asked
to get evidence that Washington was
communicant, and il is reported
that the rector replied that he could
find no such evidence, and that after
making inquiry among Washington =
friends he had not come upon one who
had seen him at the communion II
has also been pointed out that i'll writ
ing his last will and testament. which
Evening star., 1915-02-21

not he determined with any degree OF
accuracy. Some of the funds to carry on
the defense of the colonies We're gifts at
various times and from various sources
and ranged from two bags OF silver, given
by Mrs. Elizabeth Steele. wife of the
tavern keeper at Salisbury, n. c. to Gen.
Nathaniel Greene for the soldiers, 10 the
princely gift of two millions from France
through the influence Of Benjamin
Fra anklin. Gen. Washington accepted no
pay for his services. receiving only his
Evening star., 1915-02-21

E1HE revolutionary war, one of the
great conflicts in the worlds his
tory. since it gave birth to an in
q dependent nation, with all of its
MANY battles -fifty-siN important ones
during eight years of bitter struggle
sinks to the level of mere skiruish in
comparison with the appalling conflict in
Europe. virtually war Of millions
One hundred and forty years of prog
ress in invention and mechanics have
bridged the chasm between the hastily
thrown up piles of rock and dirt of
Bunker Hill and the miles upon miles
of wonderful network of trenches that
such a prominent feature in the war in
Europe.
Gen. Washington and his band of farm
er patriots waged their war chiefly in
hand to-hand encounters. depending solely
On their physical strength, endurance and
courage to win success with their clumsy
fint-locks. homemade bullets and home
made swords and bayonets-
Since that day mans brain has given
10 the world the terrible engines of de-
struction. whose automatic perfection is
not dependent upon the Individual. as this
is a war of machines in which rounds of
shot and shrapnel are fired more rapidly
tc the minute than the old patriots could
possibly encompass within hours, and at
ranges such distance that the men DO
not see the direct effect OF their aim.
Outside the element of patriotism which
has prompted these millions Of men to
take up arms at the call of their re-
spective countries there is not single
other feature in common between the two
wars. Gen. Washington's army started
with 20,000 unframed farmer militia, who
carried fowling pieces, with their am
nnunition in powder horns and shot bags
many wore tow shirts, for even the
minute men were not equipped with uni
forms at the beginning, and some Were
barefoot. The entire armed force for the
eight years of the war altogether totaled
$4,000. and the list OF killed, wounded
and missing was approXimated at about
J . 600, while the British losses We're about
couple of thousand more. mere hand
.Ul beside the masses now at war.
The European war began with five ma
lions involved. whose combined trained
standing armies equaled :}.2239,S:6 men
and total OF $500 0oo 10 depend upon.
Now four more nations and between five
md six million more men are involved.
The cost of the revolutionary war can
Evening star., 1915-02-21

expenses. and many loyal citizens like
Robert Morris, Franklin and the nineteen
year-old Marquis de Lafayette, not only
loaned their money when the prospects
or repayment were exceedingly poor but
they gave literally and persuaded their
friends TO give both money and prov-
SionS. Many stories have come down
through history of the generous dona-
lions of private individuals to the cause
OF freedom
One dismal New Year morning u170.
Evening star., 1915-02-21

7S~S

6GliE question of the religious faith
and belief of George Washington
q iS one that comes up at intervals
fOr discussion by students of the life
Of that great man. but the discussion
never seems to be settled beyond re
opeuIng. Probably it never will lie set
tl-d. beCa as. the matter came into dis
putc about Il quarter of century after
Wasliiustou's death. and SO far as
known all the facts and opinions which
could shed light OH the subject have
been examined.
There is no question that the train
Ing OF Washington was ia the Episco-
Pal Church. and that his church ac-
tIvities and affiliations were Episco-
palian- The question is whether Wash
ington was n communicate of that
church and whether during the revo-
Iutionary period. and after, Washing
ton did not drift away from the tenets
Of his church
In the period of tense discussion and
intense feeling preceding the separa-
zion of the colonies from the mother
country there Was a perceptible drift
ing away from orthodox religious be
lIets among men prominent in the indie
eIdenCe propaganda and among their
followers Men were revising or re-
Versing their former political opinions
and in this time of change, ruptured
Friendships. unrest and passion, men
carried the modification OF their views
INTO church matters The reading world
VAS reading books and panphlets-and
writing them-on affairs of state and
the affairs of state and church were
ComTningled.
II is known that many Men who made
their impress in the revolution born
republic held religious opinions which
did not subscribe TO all the obServances
of what were then deemed the orIho-
doX churches. Among men of this
character might he cited Thomas JET
ferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Mar
shall, James Madison. John Adams and
Robert Morris. II is not reasonable to
charge these men with irreIigion or
nOu-reIgion. though that charge has
been made by strict ChurChmen. In that
time there was a trend away from
orthodox theology toward deistic or
unitarian beliefs.
A number of causes and conditions
contributed to this and in addition to
the general unrest and upheayaI and
Episcopal Church in Virginia was
charged with being tory, or pro- Eng
lish. In sentiment. The determination
of the justice of that charge is difficult
at this time. but there seems to have
been a strong sentiment of loyalty to
England and strong anti-separatist
views among the Episcopal clergy in
Virginia. There were exceptions, but
the Rev. DR. Mcconnell, rector OF
Trinity Church, Brooklyn, and an able
Evening star., 1915-02-21

of 1850 and its opponents a similar
flying air staff of l.S39 trained men.
In warships and war craft of l.500
tons and over, before any of the ships
were sunk on either side. the naval
strength of the warning powers. in
cluding torpedo craft of over fifty
tons. amounted to 1.2S9 vessels, with
personnel of 4S4,747 men. This array
of ships carried $1,000 death dealing
machines, varying in size from the
thirteen-inch monsters down to the
smallest cannon. The cost of all of the
engines of death and destruction, with
their expensive mounts, their full
quota of powder, projectiles. etc. sends
the sums in dollars and cents to such
dizzy heights that only a dyed-in-the-
wool mathematician can follow them
Iaklng the largest guns. for example.
costing about 5000, and their mounts
the same, if used in Notifications or
sea coast locations. the concrete en-
placement would cost a similar amount
equailng in all SlS0.0o0. Their pro-
Jectile weighs 1860 pounds. costs about
5000 and uses 800 pounds of smokeless
powder for each charge, making every
broadside cost $500, and two of these
may be fired per minute, which. fig
uratlvely speaking, sends ST. 900 up in
smoke and noise; These guns re-
quire two and a half years for COM
pletion and the projectile alone three
to six months of time and work
England has in her fleet S15 big guns,
which, cost her $500 every time they
are fired, making sum of $3.50, 500 for
one broadside from each, and if the
hfty-four dreadnaughts in the COM
bIned fleets of both sides should fire
each of their big guns once they would
run up bill of s4.536O00
The cost of all of these death dealing
devices brings the question of the cost
OF killing a man in battle, around
which there has always been Il diver
sity of opinion. one French student
declares that progress in the art of de
fense and the engines of war cost
more as they become more effective.
Each bit of addition TO the cost of
either fighting armament or methods
of defense adds to the cost of individu-
al slaughter. To get the cost of kill
ing one man it is necessary to divide
the cost of the war to one of the bel
Evening star., 1915-02-21

plan of keeping 100000 men in aC
tive fighting line is still maintained
The food item is the greatest on the
expense list, and likewise the most i'm
portant and troublesome. Some idea of
the vast amount of provisions required
for the armed forces of Europe may be
consumed by the 100000 alone
which is rated at 1850 tons of food
daily. These figures based upon
the allowances made by each country
for each individual in war time and
averaged by an authority on commits
sariat. The rations of the different
nations, though differing somewhat in
amounts and ingredients, according to
climatic conditions and national tastes.
measure up about the same from
a dietetic standpoint. In point of guam
tity the needs of the 10, 700. 900 men ac-
credited as the fighting force is be-
yond the best efforts of the most ex-
pert housewife to assemble.
Ten million men are more than an
army; they are host equal to the
combined population of New York,
Boston. Philadelphia. Chicago and St
Louis Marching four abreast i'll
out for 1000 miles, or the distance to
the Pacific coast and back again to
New York. In camp they would re
quire plot of ground of 500 square
miles. fifty times the size of the Dis
trict of Columbia, about half the
size of the Yosemite National Park.
Averaging the weights of the differ
ent ratlons, each man will have ra-
ton weighing two and one-quarter
pounds. may be seen by compari-
son of the war rations of the different
nations. These. of course. differ a lit
tie in each country when the army is
on peace footing, or even when hay
ing maneuvers
Catering to the army has become a
science, not a haphazard feast or fam
Inc routine, as was the lot of Washing
tons soldiers Each country has its
own experts, who have figured out lust
what is most adaptable Tor all climates
what is most acceptable to the men,
easiest of transportation, causes the
least waste and is the most nourishine
and sustaining. and also the things
that require the least time and work
IN prepare ton. But it is the plan OF
every army to make the country in
which 1t is operating supply the army
as far as possible. for which foraging
parties do regular duty, thus conserv-
ing the regular supplies.
Bread forms the principal part of
every nations army ration. This is
baked in the ernly ovens, which in Ger
many and England are drawn by mo-
tors and arrive on the field with the
troops as soon as the battle is over
ne German ovens are able to turn out
$4,000 loaves per day Portable
kitchens now accompany all of the
armies, and the men are able to have
their bread. stews and coffee without
delays.
vt the beginning of the war Ger
nanys army of 4,260,o0O men was Just
about one-fourth of the entire com
pined armed force. and for one week
'He u! 1909 supply of the kaisers SOL
900 pounds of bread 5000. 900
hounds of meat (either salt fresh or
smoked; potatoes, 12O.330. 600 pounds:
sugar 1,363 100000; coffee, zoos, 900
POUNDS. These figures, divided by seven
TO get the supply for one day. gives
astonishing amounts of food. but muI-
tlplied by four to get the amount of a
weeks 1000 for the balance of the Eu-
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1915-10-30
WILL
NAME THACYE:2
Protesting Delegation From
West Side Counties Cause
Brett to Lose Out

That Charles Thacker Of Mangm.
member " the present supreme court
commission. will be appointed mem.
her " the supreme court proper Ia
succeed the late Justice &. A. Brown.
was the statement made by Governor
r. l.. Williams Saturday to promi
ucnt lawyer Of western oklahoma. IL
also was announced by the governor
that the appointment would be made
public Monday.
II Is understood that Judge Ruther.
ford Brett ~ Curdel WIS Governor
Williams choice for the place, but that
considerable protest came from his dis.
lrict and rs the protcstors had been
disappointed 10y the governor relative
10 n previous appointment to the su.
premc court bench, he waived his per-
sonal preference aud agreed 10 drop
Judge Rretts name from consideration
IN that connection.
II Is said that the friends Of Judge
Brett are very bitter over the COVER,
nurs decision In the matter. A mum
her NJ politicians from Washlta aud
neighhoring counties In the western
part of the state called upon the gov.
emor today 10 protest against the sp-
polntment of Judge Brett.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1915-10-30
GRIEF CRAZED
MAN KILLS :
Mail Carrier Decimates Fam
ily-Shoots Wife, Rela-
tives and Himself

POISE, Idaho oct 20-Winiam
DCamerou mail carrier between Pi-
cabO and Carey Idaho, shot and
killed his wifrs parents Mr. aud Mrs.
John Adamson, his hrother-in-law,
James Adnmson: his little daughter
aged Is months and his wife, and fin
ished his work by shooting himself In
the head ut Carey Friday night. Cam
eron was still alive nj last reports but
there were no prospects for his recOy-
cry. All ~ his victims were shot In
the head and with the exception Of
James Adnmson nll died Instantly.
Cameron. whose wife was suing him
for divorce, came 10 the AdamsOn
home In search " her. He entered
the Kitchen door with a revolver In his
hand. Atkinson, Sr, who had the baby
girl In his arms, started To disarm him
and was shot In the head aud instantly
killed Cameron then pursued the 9th.
ers and shot thGm all down with the
exception of Adamson's unmarried
daughter Edith, and Camerons three
other children, who escaped.
The body NJ Mrs Cameron was
found shortly before midnight In An
clubhouse Beside her lay Cameron
himself with bullet I'm the head aud
probably fatally wounded.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1915-10-30
REPUBLICANS To
FIGHT IN FIRST
Oil Men Are Dissatisfied With
Davenport and They Hold
the Balance

TULSA, oct 3n-Republican lead
ers have begun laying their plans
To capture the First congressional dis
trict ~ oklahoma next year, which Ia
regarded ~ debatable ground, with
chances for victory an even break for
the Republicans
The First district takes IN much oi
the oklahoma oil belt, including No
wata, Tulsa. Usage and Washington
counties which are rich In oil produc.
tion and pcoplci largely by persons
connected with the petroleum industry
Already there are two HyUwed eau.
dldatcS for the Republican nomination
In the field. Eugene + lawson " NJ
wata last year the Republican candi
date for lieutenant governor, and Bert
Chandler " NlnitR, member ~ the
first state board " affairs. Harry II
Rogers of Tulsa, chief counsel for the
McNlan oil company, Ia also looked
upon IA candidate.
Chairman John II. simmons OF the
First Republican congressional com
mlticc Is preparing to call the commit
tee together soon 10 formally launcl
the campaign.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1915-10-30
GAS CONSUMERS
ARE INCREASING
Oklahoma C. and Z. Co. Fur
nishes Figures on Its
Consumption
FURTHER confederation aud per

H RTHER corrObOration and per
hapH the most accumtc OhtHnnnl"
~ the fact that Oklahoma Cily.s pop
ulHtlun hns been steadily Increasing.
even through the most rigorous part ut
the su.cnllrd hard times II furnished
In figures compiled by officials ~ The
oklahoma Gas and Electric company
respecting the increase In the numbers
NJ thrir consumers ~ gns and rlrr
lriHty
On October /, 1913, there were 10
40 gns consumrrs and N,253 users ot
electricity on the same date In 1853
there were lulaG families using gas
aud 0iSO using electricity nm increase
uf 2ilO aud 2DI respectively
On October ! 1914, gn~ consumers
numbered l0,H0 aud electricity con
sumcrs 0,A9G, an Increase ~ 524 and
45d respectively.
On October /. 1913. ll.Si5 families
We're using gas aud lO.Os4 electricity,
increases Of ~ aud 7iS respectively
Adding the number NJ new families
applying Tor aud securing gas cunncc.
tionS from October l., lDl2 10 the same
date In 1915. Il II found TINT the total
reaches l,7n5 Since - persons ari
generally figured ~ composing fam
ily, these figures would mean thut
1928 people have moved a. Okm
homn city since October I. lNl2 ~
this increa~' nearly half, ur 3pN1j. IS
attributed tu 1918