davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
Germany
PROMISES
DAMAGES
TO Make Reparation
in Arabic Case.
STILL AWAITS DETAILS
imperial Government Has No In
formation Regarding Sinking.
STILL AWAITS DETAILS

Washington, Aug. 2S.-Count Won
Bernstorff, the German ambassador,
acting on Instructions from Berlin, no.
tilted Secretary Lansing that "full
satisfaction" will be given to the Unit
ed States for the sinking of the White
Star liner Arabic.
The ambassador explained that
Germany will make more than a mere
disavowal if it is found the Arabic
was sunk without warning.
Count Won Bernstorff called at the
state department and conferred with
Secretary Lansing nearly half an
hour.
1t had been suggested that perhaps
Germany is ready also to make repa-
ration for the Americans lost on the
Lusitania but that subject did not
come up at the conference. The dis
position of the Germany embassy is to
take up one step at time.
The ambassador did not make pub
lie the extent of the instructions from
Berlin on which he acted, but it was
understood they conceded entirely
with the statement of the German
chancellor in dispatches from Berlin
expressing the willingness of the Ger
man government to make fullest repa-
ration if it is shown finally that the
Arabic was torpedoed without warn
ing. So far the German admiralty
has received no report from its sub
marines which were operating in the
Arabic vicinity.
Case in Realm Of Diplomacy.
Further communications are ex-
pected from Berlin to the German am
bassador and to the state department
from Ambassador Gerard which will
advance the negotiations to point
where attacks on passenger carrying
ships will be definitely discontinued,
at least while the subject is under
further discussion. The crisis be-
tween the two countries is regarded
as having passed into the realm of
diplomacy.
The German ambassador frankly
stated, after his interview with Mr..
Lansing, that his instructions embody
the declaration by the Berlin govern.
ment that it will give full satisfac-
ton to the American government.
That, he declared, means much more
than disavowal. OF course, he said,
the giving of satisfaction will depend
upon the circumstances of the attack
on the Arabic.
The German government did not
know yet, he said, whether the Ara
bic was sunk by German submarine,
and without warning, but if investiga-
ton proves that to have been the
case Germany will make full repara-
ton.
The ambassador said he believes
the negotiations over the Arabic will
be followed by negotiations over the
Lusitania, in view of the official state
ment in Berlin that submarine pol
icy satisfactory to the United States
will be announced.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
ARMY OFFICERS WIFE
AND CHILDREN DEAD

San Francisco, Aug. 2S.-Mrs. Fran
ces Warren Pershing, wife Of Briga-
der General John ]. Pershing, U. s.
A., and three of her four children were
burned to death in their quarters at
the Presidio.
Their bodies were burned. Mrs.
Boswell, relative, and two children
escaped. as did Warren Pershing, five
years old, and three servants. The
dead children are Helen, Anne and
Margaret, all under eight years old.
Mrs. Pershing was daughter OF
Senator Warren of Wyoming. Her
husband, commanding the Eighth bril-
gade. United States infantry. is at
FL Paso, Tex, in charge of the border
troops.
The fire is believed to have been
caused by night lamp.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
STORM TOLL FOUR HUNDRED
Careful Checking Up Of Casualties in
Texas Disaster.

Houston, Tex, Aug. 27.-According
to careful checking up of all pub
lished figures, based on official state
ments from the cities and larger
towns and localities involved and &C.
counting for all persons listed rs
missing who have subsequently been
found safe. the tropical storm that
visited the Texas coast ten days ago
took 275 lives, 206 on land and 50 ON
water.
In addition the same lists show 102
persons still unaccounted for. Gal
weston island. With forty-two livea
lost, suffered most
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
GERMANY DENlESTHER REPORT
Did Not Lose Eleven Ships in Battle
in Riga Cult

Berlin, Aug. 26.-Russian claims
that the German dreadnought Moltke,
two cruisers and eight torepdo boats
were sunk in battle in the Gulf OF
Riga were denied by the admiralty.
The admiralty stated that 1.-The Ger.
man warships" reported sunk prob
ably were some old vessels sunk by
the Germans themselves to barricade
the entrance to the gulf. Some of
these vessels had been captured from
the Russians
Neither large ship nor any Ger
man cruiser was sunk or damaged"
said the statement.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
UNCLE SAM HAS NO CHOICE
Washington Issues Statement or
Mexican Presidency.

Washington, Aug. 26.-The state
department has issued a statement
that the United States government
has never considered "any particular
man for provisional president of Mex
leo"
The statement was issued follow
ing inquiries from Mexico regarding
reports that the Pan-American con-
terence had in view some particular
Mexican leader to head the provision
al government.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
MINNEAPOLIS Grain.

Minneapolis, Aug. 2S.-Wheat-
Sept, 951ac; Dec. s47sc; May, $3.50.
Cash close on track: No. l hard, 81
81; No. 1 Northern. S1.o51a q 1901;
No. 2 Northern. s1.021s @1111s; No. 3
Northern. 97kc@1121s; No. yellow
corn, 751s q 76c; No. 3 white oats, 81
@33kc; max. $1.70A.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
Chicago Live Stock.

Chicago. Aug. observation-disclosures.
S6.OOM1O.15; cows and heifers, $3.50
mS.75; steers, S6.4O@74O; Western.
S6.65@S.S5; calves. $S.5O@12.OO
Sheep-Native, $5.9OG6.50; Western,
s6.OO@6.7O; ewes, s6.6O@7.70; lambs,
S7.2569.4G.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
South st. Paul Live Stock.

South ST. Paul. Aug. 2s.-Cattle-
Receipts. $500: steers, $5.0O@9.5O:
cows and heifers. $4.75@7.OO: calves,
s4.75@lO.75; stockers and feeders.
$425@7.5O. Hogs-Receipts, 1900;
range, $6.25m7.65. Sheep-Receipts,
400: lambs, s5.0OIS.75; wethers. s4.75
@5.75: ewes, $3O0G5.50.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
Chicago Grain and Provisions.

Chicago, Aug. 2S.-Wheat-Sept.,
97kc; Dec, 955sc; May. s1.oOR. Corn
Sept, 1880; Dec, SO &c: May. 64c.
Oats-Sept.. 361sc: Dec. 36c; May.
SSssc. Pork-Sept.. 1880: Oct. S13.-
7T1s. Butter-Creameries, 24lac. Eggs
-17M21c. Poultry-Springs. lac;
fowls, 13M14c
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
ITALIAN ARMY IS DIVIDED
General cadorna Conducting Vast En-.
velopinq Movement.

Rome, Aug. 29.-The Italian front
has been divided by General Cadorna.
the commander-in-chief. into two wide
sections, each conducting a vast en-
veloping movement. Trieste is the
objective in one case and Trent in the
other.
The action is developing in each
theater in accordance with the pre-
determined plans. Reports from the
is being made, although movements
are slow.
The general at the front has given
instructions that as little damage as
possible be inflicted.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
JAPS SEIZE PACIFIC TRADE
Togo kisen kaisha Will Have Six
Steamers in Business.

Sau Francisco, Aug. 3O.-The Togo
Kisen Waisha, which. with the retire
ment of the Pacific Mail Steamship
company. becomes the only steam
ship line carrying passengers between
this port and the Orient, will seize
the opportunity for expansion offered
by the sale of the rival carriers to the
Atlantic Transport company.
A statement to this effect was made
here by Soichiro Asano, president Of
the Japanese line. The Japanese
company has already purchased one
liner to enlarge the fleet. Two or
more new steamers will be built.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
St. Paul Grain.

st. Paul, Aug. 2S.-Wheat-No. 1
Northern. s1.O5k@1.2Ok; No. 2
Northern. $1.O21s@1171a; No. 2 Mon
tana hard, 9skc@s1.O1h; corn. 75A
@76c; oats, 33@SSkc; barley, 47@
63c; rye, 93@95c; fax, s1.70A.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
GRAIN AND PROVISION PRICES
Duluth Wheat and Flax.

Duluth. Aug. 2S.-Wheat-On track
and to arrive. No. hard, s1.117s; No.
Northern, $1.1Oas; No. Northern.
S1O7ss. F'lax-On track and to ar
rive. $l64a.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03
EVACUATE
FOR T REsS
S|avs Quit 0|ita as
Germans Arrive.
TEUTONS ENTER RUSSIA
Cars Troops Now Battling on
Their Native Soil.
:. :. :. :. !. :. :. :. :. :. :. :. :. = = !:
TEUTONS AGAIN ACTIVE IN
GALiClA.

Berlin, Aug. %. Teutonic
pressure against the Russians
in Eastern Galicia has resulted
in the piercing of the Russian
line along the Slota Lipa river,
it was officially announced by
German army headquarters.
It also was announced that
the town of Narew, twenty
miles southeast of Bialystok,
had been occupied by the Ger
mans.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-09-03

Secretary of War Garrison has sent
a telegram to Major General Leonard
Wood rebuking the army officer for
the speech made at the Plattsburs
IN. W business mems military camp
by Colonel Roosevelt in which Roose-
welt attacked President Wilson's for
e1gn policy.
The Garrison telegram directs that
nothing similar should be permitted
at any of the other camps.
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25
CRACKSMEN ROB
SMITHLAND P. 0.
Money End Stamps To Amount
OF $500. Secured By
The Thieves.

Smithland. KY; March %. 90
More than $500 in stamps and
money was secured by cracksmen
who early this morning blew
OPEN the safe of the Smithland
postoihce. The thieves made a
clear get away" leaving no clue
behind them them. A pick and
monkey wrench used in break.
ing into the postofiice building
were stolen from the Brandstet.
ter store next door.
The theory Of officials here is
that the safe blowers came here
from Paducah, making the trir
by river in a gasoline launch,
Postofiice inspector Fred Ashtor
arrived from Paducah this morn
ing to investigate the case.
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25
ANOTHER MARION MAN
IN The LIMELIGHT.
DR.. R. L. Moore Announces For
Republican Nomination For
State Treasurer.

In this issue will be found the
announcement of Hon. K. l.,
Moore OF Marion, as a candidate
for Treasurer of Kentucky, sub
ject to the primary the first Sat
urday in August. Mr., Moore is
law partner of former Senator
W. J. Deboe, has been president
of a bank for ten years, and is a
gentleman Of high order. We
call special attention to what the
Lexington Leader says of him,
editorially copied in this issue OF
the Republican. Glasgow Re-
publican.
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25
THE TELEPHONE
A SUCCESS.
Miss Msyme Bryant's Paper on
"The Telephone Read
At Paducah.

The following was read at
Operators meeting at Paducah.
The vastness Of the Telephone
System is ever a source of Won
der to me. We OF modern times
have become so used TO great in
ventions that we accept the most
astounding feats almost with in
difference, thinking more of the
convenience it means to us, than
of the years of toll and thought
il has taken TO bring about these
wonderful inventions.
Should we stop to consider the
labor il has taken to perfect one
call over the wires, We would
prize even more than we do, this
very convenient instrument We
call The Telephone. "
In business, sickness or pleas
ure it is ever ready TO serve u
uncomplainingly. The business
man cannot afford to be withou
one from a financial standpoint
the people not being in toucl
with him, would naturally forge
him. No home is complete with
out one, for it is like adding
CHEEKY and dependable membe
TO your household.
AS the cost is so light and tn
returns so great: they are a
they should be, fast becoming a
essential in the American HON
as the Sewing Machine.
In such a business as TelephC
ny there can be no failure bu
here's hoping" more su Gees
and greater prosperity to ou
friend THE Telephone. - May
me Bryant.
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25
Mrs v. Y. Moore Charmingly En-.
tertsined In Birmingham, Ala.

Mrs. Arthur Watkins was host
ess Thursday afternoon to the
Norwood Five Hundred Club,
complimenting Mrs. V. Y. Moore
Of Kentucky. The house carried
out the idea of Saint Patrick's
birthday in the decorations. A
crochet centerpiece was given rs
the game prize, a cut glass hair
receiver and an embroidered tow
el were also prizes. Her guests
we're: Mrs. V. Y. Moore, Mrs.
J. NJ. Mclaughlin, Mrs. j. II,
Newman, Mrs. B. c. Hickman,
Mrs. J, w. Morrow, Mrs. C.. H.
Johns. Mrs. ]. N. Neal, Mrs. J,
l.. Leslie, Mrs. Woodruff, Mrs
A. Boyer, Mrs. o. H Cowden
Mrs. J. NJ. Moss, Mrs. w, L
Caldwell, Mrs. 7. G. Covell, Mr.
W. ]. Watkins, Mrs. H. G. Bar
clay, Mrs w. S. Hunt, Mrs Ten
pleman, Mrs. r, A. Wesingner
Miss Anne Watkins and Mis-
Maud Watkins. Birmingham
News, Birmingham Alabama.
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25
FARMERS CLUBS NOTICE.

March 25. Lone Star
MARCHES, Midway
March q, Courthouse at Mario
1:30 p. m.
March 81, Tolu, 7:SO y. m.
April 1, Sheridan, 7:3O p. m.
April Q, Oak Hall, 7:30 p. m.
April 6. Crsyns, 7:S0 .. m.
April Z. Caldwell Springs, 7:St
p. m. a t
April 8. Frances. 7:S0 p. m.
April 8. Union. 7:S0 p. m.
Above are dates Of FarmePi
Club meetings for first half oi
April. Please rem ember dat
and time.
J. Robert Bird. Agent
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25

DR.. r. l.. Moore of Marion,
Ky. Ollie James home town
who, was in the city last week,
is the first to shy his castor into
the ring for the Republican nom
ination for state treasurer, his
formal announcement having
been given to the press yester-
day. II nominated and elected
he will become a member OF the
State Board of Valuation and
Assessment in conjunction with
the state auditor and secretary of
state, which shows that he will
have other important duties be.
sides handling the states fnan.
ces.
DR.. Moore, who is 81 years old,
is one of the leading Republicans
of western Kentucky. He was
born and reared on a farm, edu'
Gated in his home schools anC
graduated from the Universitie.
of Louisville and Chicago. H,
began the practice Of medicine il
1882 and continued this abou
fifteen years, In 1902 he begaT
the practice of law and is one o
the leading lawyers at the Ma
rion bar, He served as presiden
of the Marion bank for TEL
years, and for ten years wa
vice president Of the Farmer
Bank at that place. He is ais
an elder in the Presbyteria
church. DR.. Moore's experienc
as a banker eminently fits hir
for the Office of treasurer. an
i. being a good business man, wi
! be a valuable addition to tn
: Board Of Valuation and Asses
ment. something that is badl
!. needed at this time. The sta,
1 Of Kentucky. and those havin
, business with the Board Of Va
uation and Assessment have
; right to demand the nominate
! and election of good men to 4
those Offices, especially when
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25
BELT & YATES.
Real Estate Agents OF Marion,
Kentucky.

Want a sale contract on your
farm and city property. We
have prospective buyers for both
now. We also want to take
charge Of your property that is
for rent, and look after It for
you. charging you a small COM
mission.
The people are coming to u'
for this property and we can rent
II quicker and easier than yor
can. We have some bargains,
In property for sale. See US q,
once. Belt & Yates.
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25
DISCUSSION OF
farm FLOCK.
Another Interesting Discussion OF
The Farm Flock" By One
Who Knows.

In this article | want to again
call attention to the house, hous-
ilg and breed you select.
Build good comfortable quar-
ters then get good foundation
stock or eggs from a laying
strain of the kind you like best,
then look well to the little things;
for this counts for more in the
chicken business than in any
thing we've ever tried.
Grit, oyster shells, charcoai
and fresh water should be kept
before the fowls all the time.
Plan this Spring and summer to
raise a variety of grain to feed
this fall. Kafr corn and millet,
cut when good ripe are good.
Sunfower seed should be fed to
the hens while in the mott.
Do not feed grain on bare
ground but rather in deep litter.
Never allow your fowls to
roost in trees or drafty places at
the barn. II they persist in
roostiDg at the barn they should
be protected from the cold
winds by planks, shock fodder,
or baled straw. Nor must they
be allowed to run out in cold
mud or snow, keep them housed.
Build any kind of house you
like, so 1t is warm and snug
on North, East and West sides,
on South side make plenty Of
openings. Plan to get all the
sunshine possible in these open
ings by letting them extend to
the floor and up to near the top.
Nail one inch mesh poultry
netting over windows. Make q
light door frame and cover with
same netting to hang inside of
the wooden doors.
Windows should be provided
with curtains, (grass sacks ripp-
ed open will do fine for these)
Place the dropping board di-
rectly under the roost poles. let
it extend to back wall, supported
by cleat, and out IL inches past
roost poles.
This should be movable in Or
der to be kept clean.
Now friends | have made this
! as plain as | can. Evidently
| from the questions | have asked.
: some Of the readers of my former
. article did not understand this
: part of it. Dirt floors are alright
, if kept perfectly dry, if not use
5 plank floors by all means.
e DO not count too high on stock
e or eggs shipped from a distance.
e Our experience is we do just as
d we'll perhaps better, by buying
: from responsible parties near
: home. Frequently eggs are
e kept on hands 3 or a weeks, per
, haps longer, then shipped to the
e farmers for Matching purposes
d the result is a poor hatch ant
=. weaklings. Eggs for Matching
o purposes should be fresh, moi
e. over two weeks old.
IS Eggs should be gathered ono
10 each day. in frosty weather Of
10 tener, and each egg We get i
'e marked with the day, month an,
m kind very often the No. Of pen
and in this way have no troubl
IN in picking out the fresh eggs
,y None are set or shipped that ar
he over twelve DAYS old.
m Now brother farmer. il yo
Il. find anything in this article ths
appeals to you put il into prat
tice, IL you don't cast II In tn
IL waste basket. j. h. Carter.
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25

is taken into consideration that
all Of the franchises Of the state
come under the jurisdiction Of
that board. DR.. Moore, who is
a good speaker, will be able to
take care Of himself on the
stump and enter the race with q
strong following. = Lexington
Leader of March 18th 1915. -
Advertisement
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25
five THOUSAND
HEAR COOPER
Exhibited Watch Valued at So 500
Given Him By Crate
ful Father,
Lexington, KY. Mar. 2;

beAlllRlOll, N.Y.. MAR, 20.
II is estimated that five thous-
and Lexington people heard l..
T. Cooper, the man who created
such widespread attention in the
East, one evening recently.
Cooper explained to the vast
crowd his theories on health and
hygiene, accompanied by uni
que demonstration of his cele-
brat ID preparation Tanlac,
which he is personally introduc-
ing in the larger American cities.
In connection with his visit to
Kentucky, Cooper said: Il
shall remain in Kentucky for on
ly a short time. However, |
shall give TO the people of this
section Of the country the same
benefits of my study and my
medicine that | have given the
multitudes Of New York, where
! have been busy during the past
year helping the hundreds of
thousands Of suffering humans
in that great city.
while here will prove to
every one how easy il is to
guard against the inroads Of
ill-health by guarding your
health as carefully as you do
some other features Of your dai-
ly lives.
Catarrhal affections Of the
head, nose, throat and stomach,
as well as the kidneys. produce
a stufed-up condition Of the vital
organs. and nine times out of
ten this trouble is responsible
for most of the ill-health, Of we
present day Americans. Faulty
methods of living are back OF
this all, but il is never too late
to correct our faults.
"Tanlac, the wonderful medi-
cine that ! am introducing tC
correct this condition. | believe
to be the best thing of the kline
on the American market today
This fact has been proven
throughout the great Eastern
cities. as well as right here in
Lexington, where hundreds oI
people are already realizing th'
surprising results from its use
They all testify that Tanla,
has a peculiarly grateful effect
seems TO go right to the desiret
spot, warns up the entire sys
tenn, and gives great strength
and development where it
most needed correcting all o
the ills and weaknesses whicI
come from years of misuse o
the vital and digestive organs.
Cooper then exhibited hand
somely engraved gold watch
studded with forty-seven pei
fectly cut diamonds. which
valued at $500, that was give
to him as a token of appreciatio
by a prominent jeweler, who's
son was relieved by TanIa'
The celebrated Tanlac is sol
exclusively in Marion, Kyr b
Jas. II. 0rme. Advertisement
Crittenden record-press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1909-191?, 1915-03-25
H. Y. NJ CHESNEY
FOR GOVERNOR
Following Is A Strong Editorial
From The Gifted Pen
OF John L. Smith.

citizen Of this city announced
for Governor last Saturday. His
public career began here in 1893
when he was elected Superin-
tendent of county schools, to
which Office he was elected sec
ond time.
McChesney favors statewide
prohibition and wants the people
to have an opportunity to vote
on a constitutional amendment
that shall prohibit the manufac-
ture and sale of intoxicants in
Kentucky.
This declaration has created
commotion among the liquor for
ces whose operations have been
driven from over one hundred
counties of this state. In reality
this question need not alarm any
one for the people have a right
to vote on this question and de-
eide it for themselves. Why
should any candidate for a state
Office refuse the submission of
question to the voters? Are we
not a sovereign people? Livings-
ton county decided that prohibi-
tion is good thing, so, if it is
good for Livingston county, is it
not good for every other county
in the state? Let the whole peo-
pie decide. "a
If the sale of whiskey and beer
is good for McCracken county, it
looks like it would be good for
Livingston. The plain fact is.
it is not good for any community
But the question now hinges on
whether or not, the people will
be given an opportunity to reg.
lister their votes for or against
this destructive evil. The battle
} is on and it will be fought out
} this year. 1t just as well be set
tied now as any other time, anc
! it will be settled right.
We need not mention the evil
of intemperance. The trail o
misery that has followed in it
wake, the blighted lives an,
ruined homes testify to its de
plorable effects upon deprave,
I humanity.
e Harry McChesney has a righ
/, to favor statewide prohibition
e and he has the courage to so dc
4 clare. His life has been FIRE
S from liquor contaminations. II
\ is a sober man, an honest ma
s and he ranks with Kentucky
r foremost leaders in progressiy
= politics and craftsmanship. H
5 never assumed a position h
J. could not successfully defer
|. before the people. In the de
/, larations set out in his announc
|. ment, he touches a chord in Il
]. breast of thousands of good pc
S. pie all over Kentucky, peop
4, whose rights have been trampl,
:. upon by the worst evil and en-
rs my to humanity ever allowed
r run rough-shod over a free d
m mocracy- The people themselv
r, will have now an opportunity
IS record their votes for a man W
m offers them a right they ha
been denied, the right to vote
statewide prohibition.
in The issue will be closely dray
re- and all the ground covered
the waging warriors, but
49, people are supreme and by tn,
-. will this great question be $
% tied at the ballot box.
" A McChesney club was org
;s lied at the Court House last S
to urday night. Livingston b