davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28

the enemys fre. but once a siege gun is
in position even the strongest fortified
place is bound to suffer severely.
IT Is said that the monster German
siege guns were first made in this coun-
try and offered to the government, which
rejected them.
With each regiment OF infantry there
belongs platoon or company equipped
with two or four machine guns. These
machine guns generally fire the same am
munition as IL used for the rife OF the
army, but 1re II .emi-automatically from
clips or belts containing thirty to $50
rounds each
In actual battle the guns OF battery
are lined up and one loaded caisson is
placed next TO each gun. The entire
battery is behind cover and generally can
not see the targets. The fire is directed
by each gunner aiming on a designated
aiming point, with an instrument set
at a given detection, so that the gun
will actually point at the target. This
detection is calculated by a triangulation
method by the battery commander, who
is located some distance away from the
battery either on elevated ground. on a
ladder or in a tree. The German system
OF obtaining the DETECTION Is TO measure
the angles carefully, by means of instru-
ments. thereby attempting to make the
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28
TRACES COLOR in HORSES

may show itself in a foal OF gray
parents.
There seems to be among some breed
ers the idea that strength or endurance
goes with color Mr.. Anderson says.
There is no semblance Of truth in the
traditional ideas of this nature. There
is no evidence that points Of value are
in any way connected with the inherit
ance of coat color. The statement can
not be made too emphatic that speed,
intelligence. vigor, and other good traits
are inherited independently of color.
Except as regards personal prefer
ment in the owner of a horse or in cases
of matching two horses for a team, color
is of no importance"
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28
a AO7CHh/SS M9ClHNkE-GLW
9DAoIEO FOE -OErEWcf
~ BEL GI9AS.
SrSAC/1HS.

science Of warfare in recent years is in
no way better illustrated than in the mat
ter Of siege guns, such as were used by
the Germans TO subdue the Liege fort
resses. The medieval cannon was clumsy.
made OF iron bars hoped together with
iron rings and projecting stones This
ineffective engine was discarded in favor
OF bronze 'bombards' and castiron can
nonades
Today. however. the siege gun is a
cumbrous mass OF steel or wrought-iron
weighing anywhere from 40 to $50 tons
The largest are capable Of firing a shell
weighing practically one ton, and with
sufficient force 70 penetrate vrought-iron
at distance OF l 900 yards to a depth Of
nearly two feet. While some are sighted
for range Of five miles, and at that
distance may be relied upon to strike
an object ten feet high In actual battle,
IRE would rarely be opened at a greater
range than about two miles owing TO
atmospheric and other difficulties. Even
under the most favorable conditions the
bringing IN OF siege guns and the plac-
ing OF them in position Is herculean
task OF transport and engineering
The enormous engines of war have to
be hauled up steep mountains and placed
on solid bed OF concrete. The labor
such a step requires is about equal to
that OF erecting a large machinery plant.
When in position the gun is hidden by
earthworks thrown up around II and
screened by brushwood. Adapted for high
angle hre, its heavy shells can be thrown
over any outworks and directly upon the
place intended to be attacked.
All these preparations involve immense
trouble and often much loss Of life from
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28

bullet and velocity as described for field
artillery projectiles hold here also. II
the rifle is fired twelve inches from
the ground and aid at the middle
Of target of a J. hit Of an average
man, sixty-eight inc -. and an infantry
man is anywhere II lie Of the limit of
range given, the bullet would hit him. ,
Beyond the ranges given there will be
space of about the middle Of the trajec-
tory where the bullet would pass over
the head OF man, and where. therefore,
he would be in perfect safety. II is evil
dent that the greater the danger space
the more dangerous will be the rifle to
the enemy's troops.
Since about 1906 Germany and France
have adopted the pointed bullet. With
this the resistance of the air is greatly
reduced and the ranges obtainable with
the same velocity, weight, and caliber
are greatly increased.
By increasing the velocity the danger
space for any range is Of course increased
since the trajectory is much fiatter. and
for the same kick" of the rifle a much
more powerful bullet is obtained.
Probably every country has developed.
or is developing, a semi-automatic rife.
which differs from the ones now in use
in every army by the fact that part of
the powder gases are used to open the
breech block. eject the empty cartridge.
and reload the rifle-all Of which opera
lions are now performed by hand. With
q semi-automatic rifle the magazine can
be emptied without moving the gun from
the shoulder and a great increase in the
rate Of fire can be accomplished.
The opening Of fire from the infantry
will generally be delayed until accurate
aiming is possible, unless 1t is desired
to cause the enemy to deploy its forces
earlier, and although the bullets are ef-
fective at 1900 and 1000 yards range.
the real fighting will not begin until at
much closer ranges.
o0foDx1 q
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28

~ HE present European war has been
very much a battle between the ar
tillery OF both sides. Both sides
have sprung some surprises in their
artillery. The huge s!Xteen-inch siege
gums OF the Germans which reduced Liege
and Namur in such quick time were I'M
known before this war. The Germans
were able to keep their existence secret
despite the efforts OF the secret service
spies of Great Britain and France.
France, too. had a little surprise in
her mystery gun, which kills paiHlessly
with its death-dealing fumes. These
guns fire turpinite. a substance said to
produce instantaneous and painless death
for everything within its reach. II is
difficult and dangerous to handle and has
TO be fired from special guns by specially
trained experts. 1t is not to be con-
fused with lyddite and other explosives
which have deadly fumes. but which
cause untold suffering to their victims
Turpinte kills instantly and without pain.
Its victims just go to sleep. Correspond
ents report that entire lines of German
soldiers were found dead in their
trenches, standing erect with rifles still
in their hands as O. result of this terri
bic chemical.
A A. Roberts. a well-known English
chemist, dIIeT careful StuuE VI the
explosive. says:
The nature of turpinite is secret in
the hands Of NJ. Turpon. also the dis
coverer of melinite. But We have known
for some time of the experiments made
with II.
When turpinite eTplodes the gases
for yards around do their work as surely
as though in a lethal chamber. They
DO not kill in the ordinary sense-thev
take life away To breathe the fumes
means instant death. 4 man who in
bales them just passes to the great Be
yond. He is no more. When | think OF
turpinite every other deadly gas seems
like the breath OF roses. 1t is awful.
Undoubtedly turpinite guns had much
~ do with the retreat OF the Germans
from Paris When a turpnite bomb ex-
plodps il generates a gas that instantly
paralvzes certain organs Of the body,
causing like flash, death to every living
thing within its reach.
The effect is wholly different from
thai derived from the lyddite fumes. The
end is accomplished. without pain or
commissions. The turpnite bomb cannot
he fired from an ordinary gun. Guns OF
special and difficult construction are re
quired.
In a first experiment. a turpinite bomb
vas exploded in flock Of 400 sheep.
Tho smoke cleared away. OF the 400
sheep 400 were dead"
These shells are used only by gunners
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28

no '@<; 5s the 1 title %" OF ' ~en,y
five page bulletin by W 5. An
derson. issued recently by the AgriCul
tural Experiment Station of the Ken
lucky State University at Lexington. Ky.
Mr. Anderson claims that chestnut is
recessive TO all other cOlors and remains
potential. as it were. through several
generations of horses of other color. "A
striking example of the recessive nature
of chestnut is to be found in The The
orist. trotting-bred stallion" Mr.. An
derson says. The three generations i'm
mediately before him are of solid colors
other than chestnut. The fourth genera
tion has one chestnut individual. and the
fifth generation two. He is chestnut in
color"
Opposed to this pecessive behavior Of
chestnut is gray, which is dominant to
all other colors. and shows itself. IL
present, in foal. Once lost from a
breed of horses. gray will never return.
Mr.. Anderson gives the particular in
stance of black foal from a gray dam.
and says: The foal will never be able
TO transmit the gray OF its dam" Gray
will generally remain present and posi-
tive in line OF horses for many genera
tons. however. Some Of Mr. Anderson's
summaries are:
Chestnut horses mated produce chest
nuts. There are no known exceptions to
this statement. All matings, even gray
by gray, produce chestnut horses in
smaller or larger proportions. 1t is diff
ficult to produce family Of black horses.
as the black color can carry a submerged
ha of oh a
number, perhaps not more than per
cent, of foals from black matings will BE
CHESTNUT. To produce a family Of bay
horses will require more time and pa
thence than to obtain a family Of blacks,
as both chestnut and black may come
from bay matings."
Mr.. Anderson adds that the produc-
ton of pure gray line would be most
difficult of all, because any other color.
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28

Quiries by parents and guardians are
satisfactory the Irritation from the bal
cony pursues an uninterrupted course.
and the man gradually attains a recog-
nized position as his adored ones novio.
This stage Of courtship lasts for
months: but the time comes when the
novio is received into the girls home
and meets her parents. He is, however,
never left alone with her. and any eve
ming in the Castellano in Madrid you
may see young couples in their second
stage walking out accompanied appar-
emily by deaf-mute lady. The tram
cars in Madrid have seats for two on
one side of the gangway and a single
seat on the other: the single one is
known as the chaperons.
During these stages either party is
free to end the friendship. but at last
comes the time when the novio goes
through the formal ceremony Of asking
for the lady's hand. II this is granted
there is an official betrothal. which is
generally followed within a few weeks
by the wedding.
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28
COURTlNG in SPAIN Is Peculiar

G PAIN shows its individuality most
in courtship and marriage. In no
other country does love at first
sight so often lead to marriage The
young unmarried girl Of good social po-
sition never walks in the street without
a chaperon. and IL is quite permissible
for any man who Is attracted by her to
follow her. He must not walk abreast
Of her. nor ought he, on the first occa-
sion. to speak to her. Having ascer-
tanned where she lives. IL he is sincere
in his pursuit, he makes frequent ap-
pearances under the window and con-
tinues to follow her when she and her
chaperon go out
II his looks please. the lady will
presently make an appearance on the
balcony and enter into conversation
with him. He may even talk to her
when she goes out, and her chaperon
will turn q deaf ear when the lady
throws replies over her shoulder. In
this way each discovers the social posi-
ton Of the other. and IL Independent in
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28
Field Guns Big and Small Which
Are. Being Used In Present War

who have been trained in their use by
the inventor. They are very dangerous
even to handle.
The efficiency Of artillery fre is deter
mined by two things-hrst, its ability to
destroy men and material. and second. Its
moral effect on the enemy.
France and Germany have led in the
development Of field artillery. France,
prior to the beginning OF the war, was
credited with having the finest artillery
in the world. The Germans. however.
have shown surprising accuracy with
their artillery fire. due. so some reports
say, to the efficiency of their aeroplane
scouting corps, which gives the gunners
the range
The objec OF field artillery is to sup
port the infantry in its advances or its
retreats. 1t aims to hit the part of the
enemy which is most dangerous to the
friendly infantry and which would him
der its success. Since the enemys ar
tillery would do the same thing. il is
evident that a modern battle will gener-
ally begin with an artillery duel and
that whichever side Is able TO silence the
other sides artillery will have a ire
mendous advantage. In fact. until the
enemv's field artillery is silenced an ad
vance Of the infantry would be practically
impossible.
AS the infantry advances the field ar
tillery must be in readiness to rre over
the advancing lines and attack parts Of
the enemys troops. or must be able to
move with lightning rapidity TO any other
position where its fire is needed or Is
more effective.
A battery OF field artillery is tactical
unit composed OF from four To eight guns
and ammunition wagons. loaded with
shell and shrapnel.
Since its first object is TO destroy the
enemv's artillery it will be seen that the
longer the effective range OF the guns is
the better will IL he able to damage the
enemy before the latter is able to reach
it On the other hand. in order TO be
able to shift its position quickly ii must
be light and able TO be put into action
easily The three objects to be obtained.
therefore. are: Power, making possible
accurate shooting at long ranges: ra-
pidity OF fire, and mobility. The gun on
which the various armies are depending
more than anything else is undoubtedly
what is called the light field piece. all of
which are approximately three-inCh cali
Der. To apportion to the best advantage
the various qualities desired in a three
inch light field gun has been difficult
problem. and each country has developed
its own piece differing from any other.
The French are equipped with a heavier
gun, firing a heavier projectile at much
higher velocity. than are the German.
The extraordinary advance made in the
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28
of SCIENTIFIC World

RELAND'S annual production of
honey approximates 100000 pounds.
Electricity produced by waterfalls
furnishes light to seventy-two Swedish
cities and towns
Twelve-hour time. twenty-four-hour
time and ship time can be told simulta-
neously by novel clock dial
In Hungary all deposits Of natural
gas that may be discovered become the
property Of the government
To kill flies on the wing there has
been invented a pair OF hinged wire
screens. operated like shears.
OF German invention is an automobile
which travels on three sets of movable
runners instead of wheels.
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28

One of the newer napkin rings is a
spring affair with which a boiled egg
may be held for removing the she'll
OF the 10000 600 horse power avail
able in the waterfalls of Sweden only
about 16 per cent is used at present
The face OF a new blackboard eraser
is made OF felt so perforated that the
crayon dust is gathered inside it.
In the per capita consumption of to-
bacco Holland leads the world, with
Belgium second and the United States
third.
One OF the worlds largest retaining
walls has been built to prevent the River
Rangoon. Burma, from shifting its
channel.
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28
RIFLES of European ARMIES

THE rife. the arm Of the common
soldier. is a subject Of special inter-
est at this time when millions Of
infantry soldiers are now on the battle
fields Of Europe. The rifles Of the va
rious countries differ in certain qualities,
but in general outline they are more or
less alike, says the Scientific American.
The qualities as regards weight of
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28
SHOT to sleepy Gas BULLETS

ID
in
in
cnarsns went to the house They
WOODWORK few
The Washington herald., 1915-02-28

~ HE present European war has been
very much battle between the ar
tillery OF both sides. Both sides
have SpruDp some SURPRISES in their
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-06-21
How I Broke INTO Print. >

Richard Harding Davis, whose de-
scriptive work in connection with the
European was is considered equal to
anything that has been written since
hostihties commenced, is one of those
fortunate men whose short stories can
always command a thousand dollars
and over. How he broke into
print is an interesting little history
e 1t was while at Lehigh University,
he says, "that [ earned my first sum
for writing. 1t was a description of
q 'cane rush at the university, and I
sent it to a local paper. 1t was pub
lished, and a few days later / received
n check for the large sum Of one dollar
and fifteen cents. I have received
larger checks since then, but the big
gest of them never gave me the thrill
that that one did. Just as soon as
cashed that check | sailed out to buy
something with it - | had no idea
what-and in my search ! found two
very nicelooking candle-stieks which,
/ think, were about the price of the
story I had sold. l bought them They
We're made of brass, and seemed very
/ solid and handsome. One | sent to my
mother and the other l kept for my
/ self. They are still in existence, |
! believe, shining witness to the first
fracture / made in my youthful en-
deavor to fbreak into print Rich
ard Harding Davis the Strand Mag
azine.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-06-21
"UNslNKABLE SHIP" ABSURD
Expert Declares That Such a Vessel
Will Never BE Bult-Great
Size Disadvantage.

The Morning Post says that the rap
idity with which the Lusitania sank
raises important questions with regard
to modern devices for helping keep yes
sells afloat in case of their being dam
aged by accident or design. It quotes
Alexander Christie as saying:
Il don't believe there is such a thing
in the world as an unsuitable ship.
Neither do I believe such ship will
ever be built.
THE idea of such a thing seems to
me absurd. How can you make $4,000
tons of iron, steel and brass float (for
that is how you must look at it) when
the metal has been battered into a
more or less shapeless mass?
There were. plenty of Iifeboats on
board the Lusitania, but 1t was ques-
ton of time, and that did not suffice
to launch all the boats Had the LII
sitania remained aEoat, say for two
orithree hours, have little doubt that
the lives Of all on board would have
been saved except in the case of those
who were killed by the explosion of
the torpedo, or might have died of
shock.
at is one of the disadvantages of
the great size of modern passenger
vessels that they carry so many
people that it takes long time to get
them off in case of danger.
81 am inclined to think that in the
| future we shall not see vessels much
| larger than those which have already
been built, not because of the reason
/ have mentioned, but because of the
difficulty of finding harbors suitable
for the accommodation of the vessels
beyond a certain size"
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-06-21
The Faces of Paris.

1t is not fanciful to say that the
Partisan face, after six months of
trial, has acquired a new character.
The change seems to have affected the
very stuff it is nodded of, as though
the long ordeal had hardened the poor
human clay into some dense common
orative substance. l often pass in the
street women whose faces look like
memorial medals-idealized images of
what they were in the flesh. And the
masks of some of the men-those
queer, tormented Gallo masks,
crushed-in and squat and little satyr-
'like-look like the bronzes of the
Naples museum, burnt and twisted
from their baptism of fire. But none
of these faces reveals a personal pre-
occupation; they are looking, one and
all, at France erect on her borders
Even the women who are comparing
different widths of valenciennes at the
lace counter all have something of that
vision in their eyes-or else one does
not see the ones who haven't.-Edith
Wharton, in Scribner's Magazine.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-06-21
Interesting Relics for Museum.

The national museum at Washing
ton has just been enriched by the adj
dition of a number of relics and me-
mentoes of the second Grinnell expe-
dition, which, in May, 1853, set out in
search of Sir John Franklin. Upon
the death Of Amos Bonsall, the last
survivor of that expedition, collec-
ton was presented to the museum
by his daughters, and the exhibit, con,
tanning gold and silver medals present.
ed by the British government to Mr.
Bonsall, pair Of polar-bear skin boots
made by him. an English rifle, an Eng
lish knife with carved handle of Eski
mo manufacture, and foot coverings
made by the Eskimos has just been
placed on display.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-06-21
JACKSONVILLE.

Miss Bertha Faulkner has a new Ford
automobile.
John Coleman and family visited his
father and brothers Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred burlington were at
+. Z. Reeds Saturday and Sunday.
Mrs. TORY of Baltimore, Md, is here to
dispose of the household effects of Fran
celia Pike
John Leonard and family visited his
brother Bert Leonard, in Somerset the
first of the week.
Wallace Allen and Minerva Allen at
tended the Universalist Association meet
ing in Vernon last week
Mabel Stetson will attend the national
convention of the Y p. c. u in July as a
delegate from the union here
Clifford Stetson returned from Canton,
q. Y, June II. He will preach in North
Tunbridge during his vacation.
Mr. and Mrs Frank Cross, Mr. and
Mrs. L. Lake and Mrs j. b. Brown
motored over the Mohawk trail Friday.
During Saturday nights shower a bolt
of electricity struck maple tree in front
of E. A. Temples residence and tore away
eight feet of the bank wall at the base OF
the tree.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1915-06-21
GIVING UP USE OF RADIUM
Through Constant Study at Hands of
Experts, Better Understanding of
Its Action Attained.

The outburst of sensational discus
sion of radium as cure for cancer
having subsidized, this method of treat
ment is finding it's true place and value
as an aid to surgery. Through con-
slant study at the hands of many ex-
perts new and better understanding
latest statement from an authoritative
source is found in the annual report of
the Harvard cancer commission.
At the Coils P Huntington hospital
IN Boston 200 milligrams of radium are
in use under all the advantages of new
and ingenious methods of application
devised by the hospital staff. AS a
result of another whole year of obser
walton, the Harvard commission re-
peats it's conclusion first published in
1914 that the curative value of radium
is limited to certain types of skin can
Ger and other localized forms of the
disease. It's value as a palliative in
relieving pain and discharge in inoper
able cases has been fully confirmed
It has also been found effective in
leukemia, a disease marked by an enor
nous increase in the white blood cells
with enlargement of the spleen. Large
cancerous growths were sometimes
found to disappear under the influence
of radium, but the spreading of the
cancer to other parts of the body was
not prevented in these cases, and in
deed it appeared that the patients
might even succumb to the poisons re-
leased into the system as direct re-
suit OF the breaking up Of the tumor
under radium treatment
Most significant of all is the state
| ment that radium treatment has been
refused at the Huntington hospital in
cases where surgical cure seemed
reasonably robable.-Journal Ameri-
can Medical Association.