La Junta tribune., 1915-05-15
UNDER SEA Boars.
Historical Sketch Of the submasine.
The Most Effective Agent Of
M0dern Warfare.
By J. c. O'Ieary.

An American named Bushnell II
the originator Of the submarine. His
home was In Connecticut. He cou.
structed boat which stayed under
water for one-half hour.
Robert Fulton was the first to In.
troduce the submarine boat and tor
pedo for war purposes. Receiving
scant encouragement from our gov.
ernment which never has fostered
our genuises. Fulton was persuaded
to carry on his experiments In
France. There he sank his vessel in
the River Seine TO depth Of twenty
five feet and remained under four
hours. The Civil War developed the
armored battleship, the torpedo and
the mine and gave great impetus to
the submarine rs Il practical engine OF
warfare.
The present day torpedo boat has
been evolved by John P. Holland
who was greatly assisted by later day
day Inventions which made electrici-
y available for motive power.
The type In general use consists Of
. cigar shaped steel tube with point
ed ends. along the top Of which runs
4 small deck. A vital spot 10 the pi-
lot house projecting above the mid
die Of the deck. The under sea boat
possesses two sets Of rudders-hori-
zOntal and vertical. and ID submers-
ed by means Of ballast tanks which
admit the water after all matches are
closed and sealed.
On the surface. oil engines furnish
the power and motors run by current
from storage batteries. drive the
boat when Il Ii submerged.
The progress Of submarine dsvel.
opment was retarded by the lack Of
n practicable. serviceable periscops.
but this difficulty has now bsen ov-
ercoms. The word periscope Il -
rived from tvo Orssk veels gA1GA
mean ito look around. UsuAlly
there are two pIssiscopo on . subas-
rine. one stationary. giving . View Of
the whole surroundings and the
other can be rotated 10 bring into
view some particular object. The
periscope Is the eye Of the subma-
rine and is q sensitive and vulner-
able part. The British Ia the pres
ent war are confininE their defsn-
sive tactics against the submarine 70
breaking off or bending the peri
scope - Il protrudes above the wa
ter. This proves fatal to crew and
boat. In extreme emergencies Il IL
possible 70 take on an extra amount
Of water causing Il To sink quickly
and rest gently upon the bottom Of .
harhor.
BY means Of compressed air this
water 10 again forced out and the
boat Rises 70 the surface 10 make
observations. Sailors on this style
craft say that frequently when sub
merged they can feel the vibrations
from The propellers on passing liners.
The crew gsnerally averages about
twenty-five in number.
TIE latest German submarines can
operata over Q wide range. They
make about 5000 miles running on
the surface with only one supply Of
oil. and run under the water for .
distance Of 400 miles on one charge
Of their storage batteries. They can
remain under water for many days.
the crew the while enjoying good air
from the comprsssed air tanks.
That all does not work 70 smooth.
u is attsssed By the deplorable scei.
deaf which ssat the ~ 70 the bottos,
Of Honolulu hasbor. her crew IN.
psisonsd In this death trap. Thomas
Edison 10 BOW working oa Of v lstss.
esesd 10 Q boat Of this kiad u which
le Will ~ possible - subtract thA
oxygsa from the water Of he ocean
- 1oss . ftsh.
TIE eoepsdo b - latsreseias - ~
subnastns. 1t b u fase . snail sub-
marine itself. - 70 IS test n Isageh
oad . foot o. two u diansess. Thsgs
ass two Of more tosDe1ee a. . subna-
rise as1 ~ . woa1eeful eentsivaaee
thev go hle . MARI unessiagly q {
11geoneo q five miles. ~ eas1ag Il
- Dol1sAe1 0eeel whteh relueee ~
fv1o1ioa whea u y Dase(a0 tAreugh
~ vaees. TosDs1es ere feeeel
thfoagA ~ Waoes n esapssssel ais.
~ al0lag = 1eas ~ ~ aan at ~
pssiseeDe. Ths nesAanlsn y q.
nsae uaeasay y ~ aseufasy eal n
peoeee1e toward ~ vieti0 q any
deoeA 1sslse1 ~ ~ eDeeaAos. q
llsestlea go Oode(1n = soa1Boooo1 y
vaeoe \ ! oooeoe GAa6ooe enoeo0ag {