davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
POULTRY WISDOM.

II has been repeatedly proved by
continuous experiments at government
experiment stations and In private
brooding houses by experienced breed
ers that the value OF green stun and
grit for growing chicks cannot be over
estimated. In fact. these two common
articles are absolutely necessary for
growth and stamina.
Successful handling OF poultry dur
ing the winter months depends In
quite measure on reproducing so far
as practicable summer conditions. II
VIII mean a supply Of animal and
green food TO take place OF what they
had on free range or In confinement
during the summer season and capa-
cious dust hath which may contain
some fine sifted wood ashes and some
fine road dust.
II Is sheer folly 10 doctor hen for
any disease or allment and allow her
the freedom OF the poultry yard. All
Ing fowls should be treated In a great
degree the same as human beings.
When sick not only Is medicine a ne.
cessity, but rest Is also required. A
sick fowl running with the flock Is a
dangerous experiment or. more correct.
iy putting II. a very sure source for
disseminating what may turn out 10
be a case OF contagion. Pen up the
sick bird and treat II as near like a
human patient as possible.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
WINTER SHELTER FOR SHEEP
Wise Shepherd VIII See Thst Arrange
nents for Protection OF Flock Are
Good and SUFFICIENT.

The shepherd who is wise enough To
be prepared for wet wintry days and
cold winter nights does not dread losses
rom pneumonia. and the mortality in
the lambing season OF next February
and March that will come from breed
Ing ewes that have been weakened by
exposure. As winter begins to draw a
little nearer. he sees that hi. shelter
Ing arrangements are all that they
ought to be.
II does not matter whether the sheds
used by the sheep are so very warm or
not. But they must not be so open that
the wind can whistle through them and
there must be plenty OF ventilation.
says q writer In Farm Progress.
Plenty Of light and ventilation, and
freedom from drafts are the main
considerations. The warmth OF the
shed Is less important than the ne
cessity Of good. sound roof.
l never put more than fifty sheep in
q single shed. More than that number
VIII be hard to manage and the
chances Of accidents among ewes with
lamb VIII be greatly increased. The
shed ought to be about twice as long
as It 10 wide and there should be
ample room for every animal to lie
down In side its doors without the ap-
pearance Of crowdins the place. The
moor must Of course be ebsolutely dry
and remain that way.
The feeding rack should be placed
on one side OF the shed and should
consist OF a fat-bottomed trough at
the bottom, surmounted by a we'll
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18

built rack. made Of Stats nailed about
three inches apart. Put It out far
enough from the side wall so that the
ewes may feed at 1t from both sides.
Where the space is not great enough
to allow the rack to be built out from
the wall 80 sheep can feed from both
sides, the bottom of the rack will have
to be built slanting enough to slide
all the grain. hay. chaff. trashy bits
OF forage and leaves. down to the side
where the sheep are feeding. This
will keep the far side Of the rack from
filling up with moldy feed.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
All Alike Interested.

The man working on salary Is as
much interested in the permanent pros
perity OF the town as is the man who
owns his own business. says the Her
aid OF Palestine. Tex. And II Is only
through cooperation that we can get
prosperity. The things that tend to
make a mans business more prosper
GUS at the same time tend TO give more
stable value to a mans home and
guarantee him more steady employ.
ment You can't get away from Il; we
are all In the same boat. and must sink
or swim together.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
Scientific
Farming
WINTER FETCH IN THE NORTH
n viii Grow Upon Almost Any Kline
OF Soil.

u viii Grow Upon Almost Any Kline
OF Soil.
The vetches are slender, climbing
herbaceous plants bearing tendrils al
the ends Of the leaves. says Hiram r
Grenier In the Country Gentleman. 7,
the legumiDosae family also belong
the bean, pea, clover and alfalfa. Mn
merous branches spring from u.
crowns OF the vetches. many OF then.
measuring seven feet. As the stem,
OF the vetches are weak these branches
trail along the ground or since the,
have tendrils they climb up other
plants used as nurse crops. Some va
rieties OF vetches have erect stems, but
they have little commercial value.
The flowers OF the vetch may be few
and separate or many and In racemes.
the color varying from pink or violet
TO white, depending upon the variety
The pods Of the winter vetch are short.
narrow and fat, while the pods of
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
Living Landscape a Dominant Art.

Warren II. Manning, president OF the
American Society Of Landscape Archi-
tects, In extending a greeting to the
American Civic association, at its an
nual convention in Washington, said:
Il wish to state my belief that the
making Of living landscape will be the
dominant fine art OF the future, be-
cause it is one in which all the people
and all the homes may have place.
believe the time will come, II ieis not
already here, when men of means will
seek out the finest landscape outlooks,
will purchase them as they now pur-
chase artists pictures. and will take
their friends to their galleries OF liv-
ing pictures with an even greater pride
than they now take them to their gal
ieries OF painters pictures"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
LOST. sTRAYED OR STOLEN

Horse-Light bay. i6 hands high.
Right hind and right fore feet white.
Left fore foot has white mark
Has slightly crooked tail. A new
Texas saddle and bride were on
horse. The above horse disappeared
from r.. II. Slusher's residence near
Whites Station on Wednesday night,
March 10th. Liberal reward will
be paid for the return or informa-
ton leading TO recovery OF same.
J. II. Adams, Whites Station, KY,
p o, Box 81, or call 1868 Berea.
adj.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE
Conducted by Mr. Robert Spence and
Investigator

water. The grain 10 be sprinkled
or soaked in the solution just Ions
enough 10 wet every kertel. Use
this one for your oats this year.
Prevention Of the Smut Of Corn
The smut of corn is not caused by
sowing smutty seed, therefore IL is
useless 10 treat your seed corn. II is
possible, perhaps, TO reduce the
quantity OF this smut by going
through the fields when II first be-
gins TO appear and cutting out and
burning all smut masses wherever
found. To be at all effective, this
should be done before the smut boils
begin TO turn black and break open,
because as soon as this happens an
enormous number OF spores escape
into the air and are widely dis
tributed. The method OF combating
the smut takes much labor. IL
hasn't been fully demonstrated
whether IL pays or not. Try IL on
a small field and see for yourself.
Some varieties Of corn are more
resistant TO smut than others.
The smut masses in corn contain
hundreds OF thousands OF spores,
which may remain on old corn
stalks, on the ground, or in manure,
and germinate in the spring, form
ing numerous other tiny spores.
These are distributed by the wind
and when they fall on the young
parts OF the corn plant infection
lakes place and new smut masses
are produced.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18

limit to the possible bird population
on any given tract must be taken
into consideration. When the prob
able tenants have been decided upon.
the selection Of sites is in order, for
the site often decides the style OF
house that is to occupy it. In the
final placing of bird houses, care should
be taken to have them face away from
the Winds prevailing In stormy wealth
er. The strongly developed homing
instincts OF birds can be relied on to
attach them to the neighborhood
where they first saw the light, and
the identical pairs which nest in the
houses provided for them one year
will often return the next season to
enjoy the same bounty and protection.
The illustration shows one of the
best ideas for building bird shelters.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18

through the holes, take long piece
OF wire and fasten In hole In each end
OF bar or strip; hang over screw hook
In ceiling; bend wire a tribe and II
will not slip This contrivance may
be utilized in the implement house. the
barn, the milk shed, etc.-Orange Judge
Farmer.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
Tool Hanging Device.

A strip OF iron 2l5 by feet In length,
with holes in 1t three inches apart. in
which have been placed hooks, makes
a handy place for hanging everything.
Take equal lengths of wire and with
pliers bend hook on each end. slip
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
ENCOURAGING Milk Flow.

Comfort and contentment are the
touchstones of success. When a cow
Is comfortable and contented she re-
spends with flow OF milk far In ex-
cess OF that she gives when she is I'M
comfortable and irritated.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
SHUTS

The smuts are plants which live
in the tissue OF other plants. such
as grains and grasses, and produce
the dark, sooty masses from which
they receive their names. They
are composed OF numerous fine,
almost colorless threads, or run :
ners, and steal their nourishment
from the food prepared by the
green plants for their own use. In
fact smut can not long grow out
side a living plant. When a
smut infected plant Is about 10
mature, seed formation is ofsen
prevented and the smut forms the
smut masses, composed OF large
numbers OF very dark bodies called
spores. These. like seeds, may ger
inmate Immediately or lie dormant
from season 10 season and serve 10
propagate the smut from one crop
10 another.
There are many kinds OF smut
These resemble each other in many
OF their habits. but in other re-
specis they differ and are just as
distinct as the various kinds OF
green plants. Smut from barley can
not live in wheat or oats; smut
from wheat, in oats or barley; smut
from oats, ia barley or wheat; or smut
from corn. in any Of the small
grains.
s.Xs are found and thrive under |
practically all conditions and In
all climates where grain crops are
grown. Altho some years seem 10
favor their growth more than 9TH
ers. and extreme humidity or
dranght has considerable influence
On the prevalence OF all OF them,
they are rarely, II ever, entirely alb
sent. 1
Since the smuts are so common
and are so destructive 10 our grain
crops. We should treat our seeds
before planting or sowing.
Treatments Of ntinking Smut Of
wheat, Smut Of Oats, and Cow
cred Smut a Barley |
A large number on treatments for
the prevention OF sinking smut OF
wheat smut OF oats, and cooned
smut OF barley. are known. They
consist In soaking the seed In some
solution which will kill the smut
spores but will not harm the seed
Many such disinfecting solutions
are known and all have been found
more or less effective. Hot water.
copper sulphate or blue stone. and
formalin, are the most important OF
these treatments, the two latter
have been used extensively in this
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
NOTES

NOTE6
Plow every day you Compliant
ing time is coming.
Break the land for oats before
seeding.
Break the garden at once or u
VIII break your wife's back later.
Prepare all seed beds thoroughly
before planting-it pays.
Remember a wish without a will
has no backbone.
Set your hens now-this is the
proper month for best results for
early chickens.
Every person you meet knows
something that you do not.
Science as applied TO farming
simply means good sense.
Don't forget the flower beds.
Nothing like them in a home.
Children and chickens pretty
good combination for pleasure and
profit. Give them a chance 10 work
together.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18

PIow every day you Compliant
ing time is coming.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18

Break the land for oats before
seeding.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18
Hot Water Treatment for Wheat
and Oats
Copper Sulphate or Blue Stone
Treatment

One pound Of copper sulphate TO
4 gallons OF water. Soak the seed
from 10 9 minutes. A second
method use 4 pound Of copper sui
phate TO 25 gallons OF water and
soak seed from 10 To ~ hours.
The Formalin Treatment
Use pound, q pound about 1
pint Of formalin TO as gallons OF
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18

Break the garden at once or Il
VIII break your wife's back later.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-18

Prepare all seed beds thoroughly
before planting-it pays.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-18
Noiseiess City Streets.

There is coming into use in Germany
a cheap and ready method Of asphalt
ing a stone paved street which is show
ing good results. says the Scientific
American. The spaces between paving
blocks are cleaned out to the depth Of
about an inch. and then a layer of. melt
ed asphalt is flowed owe the street
surface. the depth of the layer being
about one inch. Before it is cooled
sand is sprinkled on and the surface
is smoOthed. At Frankfort a section
of this kind is now laid, and 1t appears
to stand the wear remarkably we'll.
Should the method prove a success in
general practice it will afford an ex-
cellent means for %deadening the noise
Of city traffic at a small expense. 1t il
quickly carried out. and it need not
stop the circulation on narrow streets
for any length of time. Moreover. re-
pairs are easily made.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-18
POINTS FOR ROAD DRAGGING,

Pithy Advice For This Important
Method Of Improving Hishways.
The following points are to be borne
In mind in dragging a road:
Make a light drag. which is hauled
over the road at an angle of about for
ty-flve degrees, so that q small amount
Of earth IL pushed to the center Of the
road.
Drive the team at a walk.
Ride on the drag. Do not walk along
the side.
Begin at one side Of the road or
wheel track, returning On the opposite
side.
Drag the road as oOn after every
rain as possible, but not when the mud
is in such a condition as to stick to the
drag,
Do not drag a dry road.
Drag whenever possible at all sea-
son Of the year. If a road is dragged
Immediately before a cold spell 1t will
freeze In a smooth condition.
The width Of the travelled way to be
maintained by the drag should be from
sixteen to twenty. feet. First drag a
little more than the width Of a single
wheel track; then gradually increase
until the desired width Is obtained.
Always drag a little earth to the CEN
ter Of the road until it Is raised from
ten to twelve inches above the edge of
the travelled way.
If the drag cuts too much shorten the
hitch.
The amount of earth that the drag
will carry along can be very consider.
ably controlled by the driver accord
ingly as he stands near the cutting
edge or away from It.
The best results from dragging are
obtained only by repeated applications.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-18
Suns RAYS DUPLICATED.

DR.. Herbert T.. Ives of London has
invented daylight. he says. Scientific
men have worked for years trying to
accomplish this task. DR.. Ives has been
at work for at least a dozen years, and
he asserts he has finally produced a
light which is in every way equal to
sunshine. The scientist has designed
a powerful incandescent lamp with a
special mantle. which is sc placed in a
cabinet he has designed that its rays
are Immediately beneath a reflector.
This is made Of metal, aud the light Is
forced downward through a series Of
delicately colored GREENS. so arranged
that the average rays which are not
found in the north light are eliminated.
and the effect. It is said. is that of a
perfect harmony Of light similar in ev-
cry way to the rays Of the sun.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-18
Maoneto and Spark PLUGS.

Spark plug adjustment will often
clear up magnetic troubles. II the
points on the plugs are adjusted right
the gap will be such that the current
can readily jump the gaps and ignite
the charge. Often the a will run all
right on the battery. and yet when
switched on to the magnetic there is
trouble. and the blame is laid on the
magnetic when Il mere changing of the
spark plug gaps is all that is needed.
Some magnetic manufacturers provide
a fine gauge for spark plug gaps. while
others advise Il gap varying from one
fortieth to a sixty-fOurth of an inch.
1t is important. however. to make sure
that the gap on all four plugs is uni
form: otherwise the motor will work
with q jerk. Automobile Dealer and
Itepairer.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-18
improved Methods Of Removing Iron
Particles From Grinding Mills.

In different kinds of grinding mills
it is found that fragments of iron
cause disastrous explosions. as, for in
stance, in an English oil works, where
iron turnings in the mills gave sparks
which set fire to the infiammable ma
terial, says the Scientific American. A
number Of works in Europe. and es-
pecially the one which suffered from
this class Of accident, are making use
Of magnetic separatOrs in the shape
of revolving drums. Inside the drums
are powerful electromagnetic. which
cause the iron particles to adhere to
the surface of the drum. so that the
pieces are taken up and delivered
over to the other side, where a suitable
scraper takes them OF.
In the improved types the inside
magnets have a winding of aluminium
wire, self insulated by oxide. so that
the coils are heat and moisture proof,
and the device Is very reliable. Such
magnetic separators are recommended
for cocoa or bone mills, chemical works.
coal crushers, sugar %refineries and
grain mills. as we'll as in the textile
industries. We may mention n case
where iron particles caused a fire in a
Wurttemberg spinning factory. where
$4,000 worth Of cotton was burned.
This class of works, together with oil
mills, appear to be the most in danger
from the presence Of iron particles.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-18
Sand to Stop 9kidding.

There Is a report from London Of a
device to prevent skidding. intended
primarily for motorbuses. but adapt
able to motor vehicles Of all kinds.
This device makes use Of the familiar
expedient Of scattering sand in the
track Of the real wheels. but 1t does
so In a new way. Action is automatic,
and the sand or grit is forced-not
dropped-under both rear wheels as
soon as the vehicle begins to move In
a lateral direction or skids. The driv-
er's duties are not increased. but II de.
sired he may also make use Of the
sand when there is any spinning or
slipping Of the wheels on a greasy sur.
face or q hill. The sanding. which is
spasmodically done by municipal au-
thOrities under certain conditions and
in certain localities. thus becomes au-
tomato whenever the road is in dan
gerous condition or within the judg'
ment Of the driver. The English de-
vice Is said to be Of very simple con-
struction and cheap to make.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-18

Remarkable Increase Of Automobiles In
New York State.
BY FRANCIS N. HUGO. Secretary Of State
Nowhere during the last few years
has the progress Of automobilism been
more rapid than in New York state.
Fourteen years ago the number of mo-
torcars running on the highways Of the
state was negligible, and less than LOCO
registered with the state license bu-
. during 1901. Today there are no
less than 10000 registered in the
state alone, to say nothing Of the
1,75O,OOO registered in other states.
There are therefore in round num-
bers 100000 automobiles in use in the
United States, more than double the
total Of all the other countries in the
world, and a large number Of these
cars registered In other states motor
through New York during the touring
season.
One outstanding feature which makes
this development SO marvellous is that
there are at present but a few thou
sand miles Of good highways compared
with the vast system Of improved
highways which Il yet to be under
taken by the state. Permanent roads
made Of hard stone are being gradually
constructed throughout the state, but
these exist at present In comparatively
few places, principally outside the VI
cinity Of centers of population, while
dirt roads constitute over 70 per cent
Of the available highways on which
mOtorcars are operated.
In some places a maximum speed of
six miles per hour limit is fixed, while
in others ten miles, a speed slower
than that Of an ordinary horse drawn
light traffic, is enforced. The police in
other instances have been given *
traordinary powers to effect an instant
arrest in case of small o6enses against
bylaws or traffic rules: But many N
time manifestations Of pre- udice have
already disappeared, and the more pro-
g~ressive centers are devising more rea
sonable regulations and are consider
ing how automobiles can be made
useful for public service.
Al uoAy Soc00 JOJ AAOClo uoVCs "a
course, to be dealt with like those per
son who have money than
brains. They drive recklessly and en-
danger life, irritate the public and give
motoring a bad name. But they are
few in comparison with the number
of motorists who drive reasonably and
show every possible consideration for
others.
As to the future motoring in New
York, there is no doubt that before
long there will be at least 100000
registered In New York state and up
ward Of two million carr in use In the
United States, and public attention
hereafter will more than ever be
directed toward proper highway con-
%struction and maintenance.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-18

INSERTION OF SCREW SPIKE
edge of the rail base and so the exte-
riOr thread Is determined by the thick
ness of the base fange.
As shown In the section. the depth
Of thread on the inner wall Of the
socket Is not uniform throughout. At
the lower part the projection Of the
thread gradually increases without.
however. changing the pitch. When
fitting the sockets into new wood a
hole Is first bored to the necessary
depth and tapped. after which the top
of the expanding socket Is fitted with
q mandrel and the socket Is then
screwed home. AS the lower part of
the socket Is slit, the arms will con-
verge. as indicated in one of the sec
tional views. However. when the
screw spike Is screwed into the socket
the arms will lie forced out. as shown,
anchOring them firmly into the wood
so that 1t will be impossible for the
socket to be pulled out. In old ties
where the screw spikes have been torn
out Of their holes or the wood has de-
cayed 1t is merely necessary to enlarge
the hole and tap it to At the expanding
socket. Old screw spikes can be re-
placed in this way right on the track
without having to move the rail or the
rio.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1915-06-18
SPINNING Bucket Breaks Rope.

A rope breakage due to a spinning
bucket is reported by an inspector Of
the Queensland department of mines.
The accident itself was not serious. the
bucket having been hoisted to the sur
face and the doors closed when the
rope broke. The inspector states that.
in his opinion. a spin was set up in the
rope as the bucket left the bottom, and
this motion, being confined to a short
space when the bucket reached the
surface. was sufficient to u tor
sion and shearing of the rope between
the bucket and the shea, e.-Engineer,
ing and Mining Journal.