davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
FINANCIAL SITUATION

New York, March 14.-Views of early peace prospects underwent some revis- ion in speculative markets during the past week. Expectations of new war moves both military and political with the opening of spring, conduces to quiet and waiting. A fresh tide of mer- ehandise exports lessened apprehension over belligerent reprisals affecting neu- tral commerce, but the danger that threatening incidents may arise. such as the sinking of the American ship Frye, is borne in mind.
 Wheat and cotton responded to re- newed exports demand, to government estimates of reduced grain reserves and to prospects of large reduction in cot ton acreage. Important buying of steel for ship building showed the influence of the foreign trade outlook in yet an- other direction. Sale to our bankers of 15,000, 900 Swiss government notes was made to provide for purchases of com modities here. Other foreign under takings by our bankers are quite proba- ble
 Domestic trade prospects are less clearly limited, outside tht prosperous grain region. Bank clearings make poor grows. and railroad earnings are low. United States Steel thrilled orders for March showed disappointingly small
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
NEW LAW TO PROTECT FARMER DISHONEST WHOLESALER
BULLETIN ON HOW TO FARM IN TIME OF WAR SAYS USE FERTILIZERS

turned the land wears out, so to speak. and we then call them worn uplands in inost of our upland farm lands of the south. If we return these plant food ele- ments to the soil as they are taken away with our crops, we will never wear out the lands If we expect to continue to have a profitable income from the land we must learn to calculate just what we take from it in the form of crops, and then replace this with fertilizers in some form. If we expect to increase the earn ing capacity of our soils we must. put more plant food in them than we take out with our crops. Our system of agri- culture must be more 1ntensified.'i
 Another paragraph relating to the use of fertilizer tells the results of experi- ments at the Georgia station. At the Georgia experiment station POO pounds of well compounded fertilizer made 6yl pounds of seed cotton to the acre on worn uplands. Six hundred pounds of the same fertilizer on the same kind of soil made 91 pounds to tle acre, differ enco of S0 pounds of seed cotton in favor of the heavier application. This 2S0 pounds of seed cotton was worth on the market about S. The cost of the addi- tional 400 pounds of fertilizer was only S.25. Therefore, the larger application of fertilizer made net gain per acre over the low application of $4.75. The land was also left in far better condition where the larger application was made, because there was more vegetable matter to blow under, which in turn would help to make larger crops the following year"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
NEW LAW FOR PROTECTION OF
 FARMER FROM FRAUD IN EFFECT
Directed Against Dishonest Alleged Dishonesty Due Lack of Proper Care In Preparing Farm Products Shipment Merchants Not Dishonest

take advantage of them. This is not true for the commission merchant, except in Very rare instances, gives the farmer all that his goods are worth.
 Of course, the farmer uoes not receive whei the goods were worth when they left the farm but the goods do not reach market in as good shape as when they aye harvested
 Take butter, as an example. Hundreds of pounds of butter are received in Bir- mingham every week in such bad condi- ton that it is not fit for the table. The commission merchant can't hope to get more than 10 or b cents a pound for it. He writes the farmer and tells him SO. The farmer expected to get 30 cents for the shipment. He thinks he is entitled to that amount. But is he2
 The butter was packed in tubs There was TO means of fastening cover to the tub in such a manner as to make it air tight. Mir. Farmer, to save time and trouble, had merely covered the tub of butter with piece of brown paper, tied it up and let it go at that. Most of the butter has been out of the churn a week or more In transit that part of the but ter which originally was good is ruined by contact with the rank product. The express men are not over-careful with the shipment, and heavy packages are placed on top of the butter. It Is crushed and the mclds run together
 When the butter finally reaches the mer
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
STEEL EXPORTS
 ORDERS HEAVY 10000 Tone of Wire and 5O,0O0 Tons Steel Rounds
 Contracted For

New York, March H.-There was evi- dence of less buying of rolled steel prod ucts by domestic manufacturing interests during the past week, but export orders continued heavy, including 40.000 tons of wire, 120O tons of rails and 50,O0O tons of steel rounds. -.rere were inquiries for l35 900 tons more rounds for France, while Russia and France continued to negotiate for 40,000 tons of light rails. Numerous small sales of billets, sheets and heavy forgings were also made for shipment to Russia, Great Britain and Japan.
 The railroads placed orders for 37 70OO tens of rails in this country and Canadian mills took orders for 100000 tons more, including Sc,00 tons for the Canadian Pa- cific. Domestic orders included Il 900 tons for the Lake Shore, 700O tons for the BaL timore and Ohio, 5000 tons for roads in KnDsss through construction companies, 100 tons for the Union railway of St. Louis aid Sl00 tons light sections for in- dusrrial roads. The Santa Fe and Bur- lington placed orders for 700 freight cars. The Burlington also bought 50 locomo- tives
 Contracts taken by the fabricating shops for buildings and bridges were small Individually, but numerous. calling for 11,O00 tons structural shapes, to which the railroads contributed 45OO tons, including 220 tons for the Pennsylvania railroad, 900 tons for the Chesapeake and Ohio, 600 tons fer the Southern railway and 200 tons each for the Great Northern and Big Four.
 The February statement of the United States Steel corporation indicated that shipments were made last month at the rate of 31.0O0 tons per day, gain of 10, GOO tons daily over the January book ing. Tin plate manufacturers advanced prices $3 per ton to g. 35 per base box.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15

increase. Percentagee of mill produc- ton to capacity was raised further. The supreme courts annulment of West Virginias 2-cent fare law gave an impetus to an active campaign by railroads against state rate limitations. Belief that greater leniency will be shown to railroads is a substantial fac tor in shaping financial sentiment. The unqualified success of the New York state bond sale proved the better ment in investment conditions and con tributed materially to the growth of confidence. The new German war notes were bought in moderate amounts, rates of exchange on Germany adding to the attractive interest return. The state
 ment of the German imperial finance minister illustrated the prodigious financial requirements of war
 Weekly returns of the great financial
 institutions of England and Franco
 pointed to increasing strain in those
 quarters. Mexico again loomed up as a
 market factor and the Chino Japanese
 situation received more than passing
 attention.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
COTTON HOLDS UP WELL DURING WEEK Restrictive Measures of the Allies Has Influence
 on Market

New Orleans. March i4-Co.ton held up well last week in the face of much liqui- dation from the long side and no little short selling, inspired by the belief that reaction was due and also by restric- tive measures on shipping put into effect by the European allies.
 Bears were of the belief that these measures would reduce materially the ex- port movement, which for several months has been the strongest influence at work in the market. Bulls, while nervous over tEe export outlook, were encouraged by the decided firmness of spots and the lack of liberal offerings, despite the large holdings still retained in the interior. Moreover, they were of the opinion that should the Dardanelles be opened the new Russian business that would result would offset any losses in other directions.
 Thursday the market was near the high est levels of the season and stood at an advance of nearly $1 a bale for the week on the strongest months. The last of the week the tone was easier. The close was at net gain of 1 to 6 points.
 This week will see great uncertainty in the export department as the trade does not yet know just how the restrictions inn posed by belligerents will work out. More optimistic feeling is that the Federal gov ernment will come to an understanding with the powers abroad which will do away with several of the features which are taken as hardships now. Probably the majority of local cotton brokers and traders believe that the world will not go without cotton long as it can buy it at cheap prices from the south and that the movement will continue as long as the demand lasts. It is even predicted by some that Germany will be able to get cotton as long as spinners there are will ing to pay the present prices of IT to TIE cents a pound in that country for it. Until the export situation is strengthened out, traders will find it difficult to get a line on prices.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15

chart # resembles a tub of dirty lard more than butter. The only way it can be Used is to have it worked over and sol1 to restaurant for cooking pur- poses.
 l. doesn't cost l cent more for the farmer 10 I'repsre his butter in rectangu- lar bricks and wrap 1t in parchment paper than it does to wrap it into a ball and send 1t to market in chunk" mashed dirty and contaminated. The returns for while to the farmer as well as the mer- whiue to the farmer as well as the mer- clant.
 Sam Fowikes tells me that farmer no. very far from Birmingham has been sell ing his butter to a large grocery store here for some years at 12 cents above the average market price. This farmer aver ages 100 pounds of butter a week, and notwithstanding the fact it sells high to ths consumer, there is almost a fight for it when II comes in.
 In connection with the new office cre- ated in Montgomery 1t would be well for the state to devote some of it's time to the teaching of the farmer as to the bss- methods of packing his produce. 1t would mean more money tor the farmer and fewer gray hairs for the merchant.
 While legislation is being made for the protection of the farmer against the commission merchant, why not make leg isaticn for the protection of the mer- chant against the farmer?
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15

cess. He learned that probably from Russell Sage with whom his relations were intimate and who constantly kept a kindly and watchful eye over the younger Gould after the death of the father.
 Yet there are many who say that he might have matched the career of E. H. Hartman, finding a finer sense of tri- umph in the completion of a great con- structive work than in the accumulation of riches. Mr. Hartman looked upon the Union Pacific system as it developed under his leadership within 10 years as a triumph of construction of far greater sense of qualification to him than was his accumulation of fortune in 10 or F years which almost exactly matched the for tune left by Jay Gould. George Gould retired from active railroad life at about the age of E. H. Hartman when he be- gan his constructive work with the Union Pacific. He is 10 years younger now than Commodore Vanderbilt was when he aban- doned the steamboat and steamship busi- ness and began the constructive work which in few years created the Wander bilt system.
 The belief is strong in the financial dis trict that the new possessors of the Mis- souri Pacific system and its allies can find abundant capital. notwithstanding the present abnormal international finan- cial conditions, for reconstructing and finely developing the Missouri Pacific sys- tenn, with a corresponding increased de- velopment of the southwest. Further more, this new group now possesses the intellectual ability, fortified by great ex- perience, which is needed if the system is to be developed to its capacity. It is not believed that any attempt will be made to secure a transcontinental sys- tenn. Perhaps it was the ambition of George Gould to become the master of the transcontinental system and the fail ure of that ambition which made 1t the more easy for him to decide to give up railroad management and control. Yet E. H. Harriman's ambition at one time pie tured forth to his imagination unified transcontinental system of which the Vanderbilt lines and the terminals of these lines at New York and Boston were to constitute the eastern link. A year or two before MT. Harriman's death he real ized that from both the political and the economic point of view it was not prac- ticable to establish a unified transconti- mental system. The greatest builder of railroads this country has known from the point of view of trackage, the late c. o. Huntington discovered that the time had not yet come when economic as well as political conditions--not meaning by that, partisan-would make practica- ble the construction of a unified trans continental line If these two pre-eminent constructive forces were willing to con- fess disappointment in this ambition 1t is thought here that MT. Gould has no reason to feel any sense of humiliation or disappointment that the ambition which once possessed him to dominate trans continental line is not to be realized.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
JESSEL IS FINDING
 EXCELLENT TRADE

J. Jessel, who recently became a manu- factLrers' agent, handling three lines has removed his office from the Cham Der of Commerce building to the Potter building, where he is associated with S. Myersor.
 Mir. Jessel says he is selling quite a nt mber of hat orders and a new Panama he has for sale is making everybody si! up and take notice. He looks for even better business as the spring advances and says the outlook for general condi- tions is excellent.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
Judge Gunter Here Yesterday

Judge Gaston Gunter of Montgomery was here yesterday having come up to be one of the guests at the Birmingham Newspaper club party to Miss Billie Burke. Judge Gunter returned to Mont. gcmery yesterday. He is one of the most widely known jurists in this state, and is very popular in Birmingham. Mont. gomery is progressing as usual" said Judge Gunter We have recovered from the cotton situation, and we all hope for continuation of the improvement il business, which we are able to see or every hand.'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
Zeppelin Destroyed, Report

Paris, March 1.-The destruction of a. Zeppelin in the vicinity of Piedmont March H. says the Matin Havre corre- spopdent was the work of two French and two English aeroplanes. Nine men of the Zeppelins crew of l are reported to have been killed, while 29 were so badly injured they died the next day.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
HUNTSVILLE

Huntsville, March 14-(Special.) )-Helion lodge, No. l, A. F. and A. M, the oldest Masonic lodge in Alabama, and possessors of the oldest Masonic building in this part of the south, has decided to erect new and more commodious home on their lot at the corner of Lincoln and Williams streets. The old temple, which was erected about 90 years ago, will be torr away and new building, which will cost about $20.O00 will be- erected.
 1he legislative pcobe committee has made an engagement to hold a session in Huntsville on March "A in the Madison county courthouse.
 Mrs. Maggie Sharp. aged 20 years, died yesterday at her home in Lowe village after an illness of a week with pneu- monia. A child of years survives her.
 Mrs. Ella Dunson, 31 years old died yesterday at her home on Ward avenue of measules. She is survived by her hus- band, A. H. Dunson, and four children.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15
U. s. Treasury Statement

Washington, March 14.-The condition Of the United States treaury at the close of business Saturday was:
 Net balance in general fund was $41. .S01, ,134.
 Fetal receipts, $2,001.911.
 Fetal payments, N,355.37s
 The deficit this fiscal year is $S4, 7SS, 74s, against a deficit of $25.734,43S last year, exclusive of Panama canal and public debt transactions.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15

A very interesting bulletin on Farming In War Times by Dr. R. J. H. DeLoach, director of the Georgia experiment sta ton, has reached the writer. 1t deals with diversifcation largely, pointing out the great need and benefits to be derived f,om it and tells the farmer that he must make use of fertilizer, commercial fertil- izer, if he is to get the best out of his soil at the same time leaving it in con- dition for another crop.
 The bulletin gives definition of diver sifioation that is worth reading: "A di- versified agriculture is a system by which cur interests in the farm are not cen tcfed on one crop or one source of rev. enue. It means that we should so plan our agriculture that if one crop fails we have another or others on which to rely. Ip fact It means that when cotton sells too low for us to get any profit from raising it, we shall have something else from which to get our supplies and money"
 Another interesting excerpt from the bulletin follows;
 Whatever crops or produce we sell from the farm takes with 1t definite amounts of the three principal elements of plant food-nitrogen. phorphorous and potash. These are taken permanently from our acres and must be replaced from some source. When they are not re-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-15

NDER a law enacted by the leglSid-
 ture of Alabama, and which went into effect March 5, no person. firm. exchange. association or corpora ton may engage in the sale of farm produce, except at retail. without having been granted a license annually, at cost Of s10, by the commissioner of agricul- ture. This license is required of all whole sale dealers in such products, brokers, commission merchants. factors, etc.
 Farmers Claim Fraud
 The term farm produce is defined by the law to include all agricultural. horticul- tulal vegetable and fruit products of the soil, poultry, eggs, dairy products, nuts. honey and the like, but does not include timber products, Horticultural products, tea O. ccffe,.
 The object O. the law is to protect farm CTS against fraud on the part of the com mission merchant or wholesaler with whom he happens to deal.
 ten to newspapers, or toETAOETAO1-
 Time and time again farmers have written to newspapers. or to friends in Birmingham complaining bitterly flat q commission merchant or a gang of pirates" has defrauded him cut e crop of potatoes or apples or a few tubs of butter, etc. People have read these letters and said pityingly: "Why diont the poor fellow bring his stuff to market instead of shipping it? Everyone knows the merchants are croolSs.''
 This article is in defense of the wholesalers. The wholesale and com mission merchants of Birmingham are not crooks. and have not the slightest intention of ever defraudng farmer out of what is justly due him. The trouble lies with the farmer, who sends his goods by express or freight, packed in the most insecure manner possible, exposed to the clements and the expec- iteration of train crews or baggage smashers. and expects it to reach the merchant in saleable condition.
 Then. wnen the farmer gets letter from the merchant telling him of the condition in which the goods arrived and offering to sell them for what he caa get--they being damaged-Mr. Farmer decides he is being finn flann-ed.
 The farmer has been surfeited, as, for that matter. has the city dweller, with stories to the effect that the men of the soil are "easy marks" and therefore, brokers and commission merchants try to
The Washington times., 1915-09-23

California for two years. reached WASH
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. George
s. Cooper. at 1919 Wyoming avenue.
Mrs. Robert NJ. Thompson and a party
Of friends have arrived at Newport
aboard the ho,iseboat Everglades.
Mr.. and Mrs. william W. Wheatley
are prolonging their stay at White Sui
phur Springs until the middle Of October
Mrs. Wheatly was one OF the guests
at a luncheon given by Mrs. Charles l.
Cragin. of Philadelphia. early in the
week. Other guests were Mrs. John z.
Middleton, Of New York: Mrs. Alan
Lewis. Of London. and Mrs. John B.
Sherwood, Of Munich.
-
The marriage Of Miss Jane Gray
Gardner. daughter Of MIR. and Mrs.
George B. Gardner. to Chauncey l..
Landon. Of Boston, will take place on
October II at the home Of the brides 8
parents at Lyonhurst' Va
Miss Mabel Scott Smith. with her
sister. Mrs. whitney Kipp. and little
Miss Anne whitney Kipp. have returned
to town from Rye North Beach, N. H.,
where their parents. Mr.. and Mrs. Her
bert Scott smith, have summer home
-
Mrs. Lloyd Lowndes and daughter
Elizabeth. entertained al dinner at the
Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs, on
Monday evening In compliment to wal
ter Poultney and James Carey. Of Bal
tlmore. who spent several days at the
Springs upon their return from the San
Diego and San Francisco expositions.
The Washington times., 1915-09-23
A Mothers Peace

If every expectant mother would
get Mothers Friend from her drug
gist and would apply this wonderful
external remedy and valuable help
as directed, she would soon expert
ence comfort and peace of mind. For
many years this time-tried remedy
has been used and strongly endorsed
by experienced mothers, for It is the
one safe, dependable remedy that
penetrates to relieve all strain on
nerves, cords, ligaments and all
parts involved. 1t makes the muscles
expand naturally and stops pain.
The Washington times., 1915-09-23
new SCHOOL RECORD,
5O,765 At CLASSES
First Time Fifty Thousand Chill.
dren Have Been Enrolled on
Third Day.

For the first time the attendance on
the third day Of the school year passed
the $4,000 mark. Reports received at the
franklin building this morning showed
that at the close Of schools yesterday
81. 765 pupils had been enrolled.
How much Of this increase is due to
the influx Of pupils from Maryland and
Virginia because Of the law permitting
children OF persons employed In the Dis
trict to attend Washington schools free
js not yet known.
superintendent Thurston explained to-
day that no figures were yet availa BILE
regarding the out-of.town pupils be-
cause they had been cared for auto
matically at the Takoma Park and
Chevy Chase schools. No half-time
classes have been organized at those
schools. and after classes reached a
certain limit the Maryland pupils have
been sent farther downtown.
Teachers will be required in few
weeks to render reports OF pupils from
out Of the District. because children
whose parents are not employed here
still must pay tuition. Owing to the
pressure Of their other work, the super-
intendent will permit u week or more to
elapse before requiring this informat ton
The entire enrolment In all white
schools was 36O9i yesterday. and 34,sOl
on the corresponding day last year.
The colored schools yesterday showed a
total enrolment Of 1854 as compared
with 14.609 last year.
The Washington times., 1915-09-23

Thousands yards hundreds lengths
All the
cludd in this
nsues first choice Choose from 5onch Gray Ppns Navy
Wool popns Hnretas Hairne sutings Roman Stripes Import
and miscellaneous lot of black fabrics; lengths
Annex Goods