davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21
Some Side Lights on How Morgan Was Won
Over to the Big Combine by Iron
Masters President

sights In tho making OF steel. md this
converted him from an iron mar INTO
a steel man. He began TO manufac-
ture steel. and with phenomenal C
cess. Breaking down all ~obstacles IN
his way to fortune he became a terror
10 competitors. but although no was
probably well hated, no was Also re-
spected.
In 1901 Carnegie sold out ths steel
business he had built UP to the or
ganizers OF the United States Steel
Corporation for s30s. 45o, 900 in s per
cent. bonds and 8 s.566,l 100 in com
mon and preferred stocks Of the new
company, a total price Of e4S2 ,o06, $50!
The mark that Carnegie left on tho
industry will never be wiped out.
In his later days, rs steel king. he
get the pace for all others 10 follow.
And IL was a fast one. P!tiless to his
/ competitors, he had tho gift of draw
Ing to him men OF high ability; ne
was a wonderful Judge OF men, and
10 his friends he was generous and
omen. He was a born commander. a
Napoleon Of industry, Having a won
dcrful ability for organization n a
passlon for power. he built up an or
ganlzat.on that has only once been
surpassed In the world OF trade, an
organization hat was at the sam
time utterly loyal and extremely efri'
Client.
Whether or not Carnegie made ths
best use possible OF his undoubtec
abilities II is for postcrity to cc.de
Beyond question Americas preemi'
ncnce In steel ~ due largely to him
Rut he was also AZ least partly re-
spons.hlc for the situation that eXistct
n the steel trade in his day. Produc'
tion. tonnage. was his fetish. for II
this he saw the only means of reach.
ing ana keeping his supremacy, ant
TO gain II he ala not spare him
self, the men under him, OF least OF al
his competitors. His n effort wa
10 keep hts mills running full. ant
|, everything WINS made subservtent Z
that end. Where ne led others ha,
TO follow, and II vas to this attemp
20 keep UP full operations At all time
that tho exaggerated competition an,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21
PAN on A CITY R E

outside nm old stoncynrd on
" Thirty-seccnd street s,nrds a
head OF Pan. Mounted on a
tall. slender column. he is lust high
enough to meet the eve. OF ma s4crs
hurrYng TO ans from the Pennsvl
anil station. The morning ard ove-
ming thronEs pass him BY with barely
Il g.Ance. but there - much IN him
and l often stop 20 have a word
Fe u n cev1l Of a fellow. this Pan.
have often tried 20 mako ont Just what
he - Up 70, with that half-mock'ns
half r~oll'ck'nG sT'le l. e the sml'a
of the senior FOR the freshman. OF tho
o,d buyer FOR 10 sreen salesman U.t
STONE hacr Ga tr'fe cold and p!nched Il
seems. these bleak days) IL pathet,cal,v
crowned with . ptir sarland OF ,yy
and grape. Some day ! shall take him
away 20 the south sid OF a sunny gar
den clor- and crack a bottIs OF ~w~a,
Ca,awha before him. Then shall
watch Tim break mo q slow PaccN'o
smile.
Poor old Fan What means TIM,
grotcsque Tnerrtnr~nt7 " 4 the dus'.
ths an. che empty booming wtr' tsa'
fret you7 THAT block on T~h'rty-scc-
ond street between SiNh ard seventh
IN me col3est spot n ''s
city, I thinkl or are YOU smiling 20
vou-se': a. 80 solemn commuters who
now past You every day. 20 hrgk n
tho morning. VITA homeward faces ~
n!gAtf
You bespraN 80 We learned once
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21

the Colorados occurred in July. 1913.
at Nuevas Casas Grandes, where were
located 500 men of the command OF
S~a.azar. and $50 more who had been
recruited but who had not yet re-
Ceiv"t arms.
villa attacked with q force OF 500.
Salazar's men resisted fiercely. maxi
irr their last stand IN a warehouse
longing to Kettleson & Degetare.
Here a.so the $50 unarmed men took
refuge.
Tho Vllls party carried the ware
house ny storm and shot down every
..pr..,. armed and %uDarned. The
v,ctors hen set FIRE to tho building,
burning the dead anc wounded in a
common pyre TIE human grease
"a the Mexicans call II, Is eth pointed
pl; n tho CAarred ruins.
Tho following month villa defeated
he O~rozqu!s,aa at san Andres, cap
turing SO o. tHcm. These 100 prisoners
- escorted 10 Eustillos, a nearby VII
AYE. and executed them IN squares
we w.dc and i've deep. The process
~as for Villas firing squad 70 empty
IL vo,ley iuto the twenty-five unhappy
ylctlms, then for VtlIa and F!erro, the
! assistant chief assassin, 20 go aoou'
4 among no rall-n. writing forms ant
finish them With their revolvers.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21
Steel Kings Rise FROM Obscurty TO
Most Important and Spectacular
Figure in the Country

speech OF the evening Ostenthly m
dinner vas merely n social AFFAIR w"'h
no Interior motive. but in the light
OF subsequent events Il may ne con
eidered certain that y was arranged
at the suggestion OF Carnegie. and that
rs purpose was TIE sale OF HIS prop
critics 10 Morgan.
Everything went OF AZ planned.
Schwab chose for his subject the steel
company OF the future. lie Played
upon this theme IA a harp 20 an a.
tentive audience, not tho least sttcn-
tive OF whom was the banker, ard,
while ne never referred directly 10 the
Carnegie company, he made II very
clear that the concern which he de-
scr.bed IN glowing terms would Of
necessity own and control the Carre-
gle plants
Rchwah forecasted n future Of won
derful br.liance for the steel industry,
He drew a word picture OF d COM
pany big enough 20 insure tire great
est economics IN the securing and dts
.r,hutiun OF ia raw material, hut
highly specialized by departments,
zach and every Plant Con1ring 's
attention to one particular product 80
"a 10 secure the h!rhest degr'" u'
efficiency. He described such an or
g|anizRtlon az able 20 dominate tho
markets Of the world and 10 SCI Il
pace tina neither England nor Ger
many could follow, The ideal struc-
ture he painted was such a n as
was we'll worthy the attention of the
greatest Of bankers, m industrial on
,crprise that even the great Norrn-
might well 10 proud "a stand sponsor
for.
And tho youthful Carnegie nro-!
dent swept tho nnauc.or off l's t'"
and along with him 4" tho food or h.
oratory. The United S'1'"a S'",. Gov
porat,on vas lot actual" iro0ruorl'''
for some months, an an undertaken.
so immense naturally took a GOO.
deal OF time 70 put through. hUt !
was by that speech h a the idea o
a vas, stcel merger. sown IN Morgan
mind by Gary, was quickencd INT,
l!ts. In that half hour tho Cnite'
States Steel Corporation, 20 all intsnt
J., and purposes. became an actual fact
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21
CARNEGIE STAGE Managed Schwab in Founding i S Steel Corporation

tho "s%ouphouse' periods II caused
were, to a great extent. due,
II IS not generally recognized that
Carnegie was largely responsible for
the formation of the United States
Steel Corporation. The part he played
was a Quiet one. lie wanted to sell
out and retire-to devote his life 10
philanthropy. education and the cause
OF peace. To sell out he u find a
customer. And the stars IN th~tr
courses fought for him. The devils
luck with which many OF his coInpeti-
tors credited him stuck, and he sue
ceeded in accomplishing the sale.
The frequent and prolonged periods
OF depression had forced upon steel
makers the conviction that some way
OF combining 10 prevent their recur-
renee was desirable. even necessary. II
the United States waa TO keep and In
crease It's lead In the manufacture Of
the metal most needed by the age. Be
tween the years 1890 and 1900 COM
binations in industry we're as thick az
! the leaves In Vallomhrosa- And steel
had not escaped this tendency to ANAL
gamate. The country's wire plants
had been merged gradually into ono
company, the American Steel and Wire
Company OF New Jersey. controlling;
all but a small number OF wire mills
A somewhat similar situation existed
IN regard to tin plates, tubes and
fabricated products. What might h'
called the steel companies proper were
themselves all mergers OF a number 90
small plants. although there was moth.
ing Ike centralized control and th'
trade was divided among several large
competing units, But n merger q
these companies had been talked O
time and again. and It's eventual nc
complishment was generally consid
cred inevitable, sooner or later, un.cs'
Carnegie succeeded IN crushing al
] competition and establishing n virtua
monopoly for himself, ns man,
thought he would. The time was rip
for n big steel combine.
The story OF how Morgan was woI
over Is nm interesting one. II ha,
already been suggested that earnest,
was anxious 70 sell out, and Carneg!
usually got what he wanted. Ate
many attempts to conclude "A salts
factory deaf with different syndicate
Carnegie, like Gary. arrived at tn
conclusion that Morgan. and ne alone
was able to engineer tho purchase O
his properties. Therefore. he decided
Morgan must b. induced to buy.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21

companions held up the Rancho del
Saucito. owned by Sonora viuda dc
Marcelo Guerra. getting away with
horses, saddles, clothing and 900 pesos
in money.
All this time villa was engaged In
stealing and selling cattle. In De-
cember. 1908. he and his gang burned
the court house at Vale del Rosario
in order TO destroy some evidences Of
their cattle thefts.
In the spring OF 1909 Villa, Tomas
Crbina and six followers attacked
William W. Tuttle and Mike Farrell
n frort OF their home hear the plant
Of the Pittsburg San Jose Reduction
Company's smelter at San Jose del
Sitio. Chihuahua. Ths bandits did
not discharge their firearms for fear
OF sounding an alarm. but beat Down
the Americans with the butts OF their
rifles. They tied their victims. went
through their clothing and then looted
the house.
March 8. 1910. villa masqueradlng
Us IA cattle buyer was entertained with
six companions by a wealthy rancher,
Alexander Munoz, whose place Is near
Minas Nuevas. At an opportune mo-
Inent the bandits overpower~ the
rancher and his family and employees.
killing one OF the Munoz sons. who
resisted. They then tortured the old
man IN order TO force him to reveal
where his money was hidden. After
ward they killed him.
one Of the last OF Villas murders
"a a private bandit. and perhaps the
most talked OF. was that OF Claro
RoZt IN the summer OF 1910. The
story was related 20 mo by a man
who heard the shooting and helped
pick up the body OF the victim from
the ground.
Claro Pea was FOR years a member
Of Villas outlaw band and knew al
ais haunts and habits. Being care
less. he was caught and lodged IN jail
n chihuahua city. lie expected 20
be executed at once. hut was held IN
confinement for a year n a han
and then was offered his liberty hy
Gov. Creel on condition that he would
hep to catch Villa. Reza consented
and was given a commission IN the
rurales.
Villa. learning that Reza was after
him, knew that he stood IN grave
danger OF surprise and capture. He
determined on n bold stroke. Trad
ton has II mat Villa sent word &c
! Reza that he was coming to the State
capital TO XIII him. Whether this IS
true o. not. villa actually came.
I,eza was IN tho habit OF coins
between 10 and II every morning or
his horse 10 gossip with a certain
butcher. Villa knew this, and on,
morning he and two companions rod'
INTO the city % Chihuahua, stealing II
=, hy the sanctuary of Guadalupe anc
3 through the CHANNEL.
= When the three outlaws turned TN
J., corner Were stood the shop OF RezaI
friend Rezl was standing at the opei
window talking to the butcher. whit
was cutting meat inside.
without a word villa discharge
a his pistol. hitting Reza IN the back
Reza ran yelling around the corne
and Jumped into a ditch, Where h
tried 10 hide.
But Villa and his companions FOL
lowed. persorating Reza WITH lead
He died In the ditch. The bandit
slung their carbines across the saddle
I N front Of them and before the alarm
could be given they were gallopin
out OF town and toward La Sierr
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21

At nrst CArnege tried ordinary
tactics. lie had mutual acquaintance
suggest TO the banker the advisao!lity
of a deal by which the Carnegie COM
pany would be ahsorbed. Time ana
again this ~sugRestion WAC made and
on each occasion Morgan i!s,ored-
then sent for Gary. The latter, seeing
tina, this would be nn excellent means
Of accomplishing what he desired 'or
the Federal company, az by absorbing
the Carnegie company II would not
only secure a steel making and steel
selling organization without equal n
the time, but would also add to ,ts".f
plants which could and would give
battle for world trade to Britain end
Germany, did all ne could 10 induce the
nnanc.er 10 accept the suggestions Tor
the purchase OF these properties. But
each time Morgan. after careful con-
alteration, decided not to act.
Then Carnegie ~rcsorted 20 coercion
Morgan was heavily Interested IN the
National Tube Company, which was
itself an a~mslgamation OF a umoe or
smaller tube companies. Garnet"
made no tubes. His entrance into tho
business Of manufacturing tubular
products would undoubtedly have
brought the National Tube Company
face 10 face with more serious COM
petition than II had ever encountered,
And Carnegie threatened to huNu "
tube mill. THIS action had two pur-
poses. Il was apparently intended I
force Morgan 10 consider tho purchase
OF the Carnegie properties, u II was
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21

OF money IN bills. tho savings OF Q
lifetime. villa caught him near the
international bridge. shot him dow
and took possession OF the money.
When Juarez fell villa was the
man who first proposed that !ts de-
fender. Gen. Juan Navarro. he put 10
death as a sacrifice. I, WAS villa who
melted Oro2co 10 insist on the eNecu-
ton Of Navarro, and when Nadcro
smurgled tho Fedora! General across
the no Grande Villa wanted 10 XII
Madero IN his place.
The next time villa entered Juarez
with n victorious army-in h fa!l
OF DISCRIMINATING no debut MS
unappeased appetite on the former
occasion, thirty prisoners fell before
his firing squad.
Before he was tutored by press
agents and gentlemen grntters villa
used often TO boast that as a bandit
he had ~ftty-seven notches on his gun,
but that AZ a soldier he had far ex-
ceeded this record.
~ I tod you OF everybody l have
killed" Villa boasted ono 20 a group
OF officers in Juarez, II would be talk
Ing three days and nights"
II Ia supposed that villa enlisted IT
the war against Huerta because HI
loved his savior. Madcro Intimate
friends who were with him while III
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21

would have been a heavier blow 70 tho
Norgnn interests than the erection OF
"a tube mill. But again Morgan PAID
no attention. II Ia extremely doubtful
II Carnegie, powerful. IA he was. could
have seriously intended 70 attempt
such an undertaking. and therein may
have lain the reason for the bankers
seeming Indifference. On tho other
hand. those who knew Carnegie de-
Jared that hs would have found =
70 build tho suggested road, even as
he had IN the past done other things
SAID 10 have been impossible.
Tint Cnrnegte had no desire TO enter
into n pitched battle with the powerful
Morgan interests serms TO he fairly
well established by his next act. Coer-
cion having failed. ne again rasorted 10
peaCrrul tactics and fred what possibly
was his last shot. And here Il might
- .rtcr'ccted that, while the event
TINT directly led up TO tho formation
Of the Steel Corporation has been mar
rated scores. probably hundreds, OF
times, the part hat Carnegie played
taerc!n has never, 20 far az ] have
hccn allie TO discover, been brought
out.
Among tho Carnegie partners was n
young man. Charles NJ SChwah, pres'-
dent Of tho Carnegie Steel Company
Srhwnb not only represented the tor
notch oF efficiency as n steel maker
a salesman and an executive, hut he
had "A veritah,c tongue OF gold. To
| listen 10 him was TO ne converted tc
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21
Doroteo Arrange, alias Francisco Villa.
was recruiting tho FIRST 100 members

was recruiting the nrst 100 members
OF what aiterward became the IA
nous Division OF the North. declare
that his motive was personal hatred
OF Orozco, WHO had Inundated him.
and the followers W Orozco, Sala2ar,
Campo and the other "Colorados.' who
sided with Huerta.
One clean young Mexican who saw
villa a, this time was so rcpeied by
the o~bsceriues ana the revolt'Hc
threats OF torture. mut!lation and dis
memherment constantly pronouu'"l
against Oro2co by villa that he iert
the band!, leader and went to Oregon
In Sonora.
The fact - villa ia not go at olce
20 the assistance OF C~arranza, az Is
popularity supposed, but waited unit
the movement AGAINST Iiucr'a WA We!
under way and until Mayiorena had
cent him $1,000 FOR initial expenses
Then hs stole some horses from an ~
Paso livery stable and crossed the line
with seven followers
vi.la did make the Colorsdos suffer
Al the beginning he issued an order
TO TAX no Colorado prisoners, not
even 20 bring them into camp, but &c
shoot them wherever found. This
order stood until tho END.
Villas f,rst notable encounter Will
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21

THE history OF tho United States
Steel Corporation Is not only
L one OF vast Importance, but II
also has many phases OF al
mos, romantic Interest. Arundel Cot
ter has begun the telling OF this
history In Moody's Magazine. In the
March issue he ~recites the events pre-
ced,ng the organization.
The name OF Andrew Carnegie, says
the author, IL inextricably bound up
with the history OF steel In the United
States-and the world. Tho Iron
Master" the "Steel King'-by these
names he was known. and no do
served them. For more than a quar-
ter OF a century Carnegie was the
most important and spectacular figure
I'm The world OF steel, and his name
viii not he forgotten so long as there
is a rolling mill in PIttsburg,
Carnegte's rise from utter obscurity
till ne became the dominating figure
IN tho leading industry OF the
world reads like a page out OF
fiction. Only n very hrier out
line can be given here. Born IN DUN
ccrml!ne. Scotland, In 1897, the future
monarch OF steel came TO tho Ihlteu
states with his father Mt the age or ID
and started hts career as n boboln noy
in n cotton mill at "A wage or sl'Io a
week. At the age OF 10 no became a
telegraph messenger and later an OPP
orator for the Pennsylvania Ntallroah
and his ability oon attracted the AT,
tontlon Of Col. Thomas y. scott h'ad
or that system, who made Carnegie ne
urlyate secretary. Thus tho young
Scot got his first foothold on the lau
der of fortune. He saved his money
and in 1854 made his entranc" IN u
nuict way on the stage OF the iron IN
dus,ry, purchasing a one-s'xth inter
es, in tho Iron City Forge mpa
one Of his partners in this enterprise
was Henry Phipps, the playmate OF M
HAYWOOD. And Phtpps and Carneg'
stuck together through good fortun'
and through bad until the latter's re
tirement from active business Late
CARNEGIE saw q beopMner converter u
operation, one Of the most impress'v
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21
John Kenneth Turner Tells Real Story
of the CriminalC Career Of the Man Who
Stands in Way of Peace in Mexico

4 say to the people of the United States that I have absolutely
no ambition to become President Of Mexico. " " " Furthermore. if
Senior Carrsnza himself came and asked ne to be President I would
refuse 1t IS the only command I would disobey my chief in-that
of accepting office for which I am not quaifed"-Francsco villa.
March 10. 1919.
Time alone can prove, as it has proved so far, that I have no
ambition regarding the Presidency of the Republic. = = y No one
knows better than I that I am unified for the Presidency. I do no,
have any aims o designs upon it"-Francisco villa, November 40,
1914
Il have been compelled to assume the political suthortv.-
francisco Villa. February 3, 1878.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21
VILLA THE EXICA DOG IN THE MANGER
Country Will Not Allow Bandit Who
Murdered His Way to Power
to Become President

Twice villa came near to killing
Gen. Chao while the latter was his
Governor OF Chihuahua In the first
instance villa flew into II rage and
ordered n firing squad when Chao
refused 10 honor n draft presented by
a certain woman friend OF villa who
was unable 10 identify herself in tho
usual manner
As TO the second instance tho details
were related To mo by an officer who
was an eyewitness.
Chao had orders to eend a certain
number OF cattle daily to 1orreon for
food for the garrison there. An inter-
ruption occurred in tho trnnc and for
several days no bees arrived. villa
went 10 chihuahua on a special train.
Carranza happened to IN in Chihun-
hus, having stopped there on hi.
Journey TO San Luis Potosi.
without consulting Carranza villa
ordered several officers OF the FRS.
Chief To surround Chaos house with
rheir soldiers. Villa then entered,
took the Governor by the throat.
shook and cursed him. threatened him
with his pistol INK ended by placing
him under arrest.
Carrnnxa, hearing Of the trouble.
sent FOR villa. who came laughing into
the presence OF the First Chief.
WHATS tho trouble between YOU
and Chao7" demanded Carranza.
Why, rye just killed him"
laughed villa.
Carranza became stern. and Villa
! admitted fhat ~ WA NJ, t.r,.s ~
yet II was Carranza who saved
Chaos life.
Francisco Villa has simply murdered
his way into hls present position Of
power Brute courage, untirng phyn-
cal strength. nr ~unden,able personal
magnetism. "a certain alert intelligence
these are MS assets az n military
leader. Otherwise he embodies all he
worst attributes that are popularity
but erroneous,y-believed TO con-
ttiti;e the Mexican character"
Real Mexican patriots have always
deprecated tho former bandits asss-
cation with 'ncm villa WINS eln,~-ed
70 tho chiettairsh'p Of the Division
Of tho North not through appointment
~ Carranza but through election by
tho Generals vhose commands madc
up that army. From the frst Car
rama sought 10 curb hi. growing
power IN SO far No that was possible
without endaurer'ng tho military
operations against Huerta.
when Gutierrez. who served for a
few weeks as Villas dummy President,
escaped from the capital he described
rl6 "Corvcr''oulst" regime "a. e,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21

Azul in the direction OF San Andres
The Villa robberies continued up 10
the very day OF the outbreak which
resulted IN the fall Of D!az. Octo-
Der 8, with Ave followers. he robbed
the Rancho del Alferez. In Durango.
owned by Ismael Zambrano. October
10. with a gang OF twenty-five. he
robbed the Hacienda de Talamantes.
when IA IA Colonel In the revolu
tionary army. early IN 1911. Nila
called upon Jose de Ia Luz Soto. CHER
OF Arms AT Parral. he encountered a
Young girl In the hallway. The girl.
a niece OF Soto, screamed out In fear.
She recognized the man before her
az the leader Of the gang which had
robbed the Hacienda dc Talamantes.
owned by Ner father, Miguel Soto
Villegss.
One OF the hrst murders OF Fran
cisco villa, rsvolutionist, was that OF
Manuel Ramos. who a IN charge OF
the criminal court AZ santa Rosal.a,
and was in possession OF papers COM
promising Pancho villa. bandit. Tho
first thing villa did after capturing
Santa Rosalia was TO shoot Ramos
with his own hand and burn the
papers Of the court.
After the occupation Of Juarez by
Madero IN 1911 Don jose Felix Mestas
attempted TO escape with a large sum
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-21

HE history OF tho United states
Steel Corporation Is not only
l. n OF vast Importance, but II