davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
SITUATION is GRAVE

This sense of tension and impend-
ing danger has been expressed by
numerous witnesses before the COM
mission but by none more forcibly
than by Mr. Daniel Guggenheim, a
capitalist whose interests in mines
and industrial plants extend to every
part of the country.
Chairman Walsh: What do you
think has been accomplished by the
philanthropic activities of the coun-
try in reducing suffering and want
among the people?
Mr.. Guggenheim: There has a great
deal been done. If it were not for
what has been done and what is be-
ing done we would have revolution in
this country.
The sources from which this unrest
springs are, when stated in full de-
tail, almost numberless. But upon
careful analysis of their real char
acter they will be found to group
themselves almost without exception
under four main sources which in
clude all the others. These four are:
l. Unjust distribution of wealth
and income.
2. Unemployment and denial of an
opportunity to earn a living.
8. Denial of justice in the crea-
ton, in the adjudication, and in the
administration of law.
4. Denial of the right and oppor-
tunitY to form effective ORGANIZATIONS
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
HAVE RIGHT TO JOIN UNION

Decentralization Mcllhenny of
the United States civil service COM
mission, writes Secretary-Treasurer
Walter of the Brotherhood of Rail-
way Postal Clerks that the commits
sion's order against political activity
of Mare island island navy yard en-
ployes was not an attack against
unionists. The commissioner says:
mo attempt was made to deny to
employees the privilege of membership
in labor unions or to restrict their
political activities to any greater de-
gree than the activity of other en-
ployes who are not members of labor
unions are restricted"
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
EIGHT-HoUR LAW UPHELD
Applies to Night Watchmen as Well
as Other Workmen, Rules judge

The state eight-hour law was up
held by Superior Court Judge Ralph
C.. Bell in his decision in the case
of L. B. Willard against the Wash
ington Paving company of Tacoma,
which laid the Everett avenue paw.
ing. Judge Bell ordered the com.
papy to pay Willard $12375 which he
claimed was due him for overtime" ="
which they objected to paying.
Willard was employed as a night
watchman and he testified that he
remained on the job II hours instead
of eight as the law demands. He
had been receiving 50 a day and
worked So days and demanded pay
at the rate of 25 cents an hour for
all time in excess of the eight.
The paving people declared that
they had worked in the state for more
than eight years and the question of
night watchmen working eight hours
never before had been raised. 1t is
customary for the watchman to stay
on the work from daylight to day.
light. But the court required that
man be either paid for overtime or
two shifts be used on the night watch.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
RECORD FOR R.R. EARNINGS

PHILADELPHIA.-A report cover
ing the net earnings OF the Pennsyl
yania railroad lines east of Piusburs
should furnish a clue to those we'll
meaning citizens who marvel at the
unrest and discomfort. of working
people" The report shows that the
net earnings for September amounted
to S72S2021, and is the largest for
any one month in the railroads his
tory. The gross earnings of $2O,S17-
261 have been exceeded only twice
the figures for the months Of August
and October, 1918, being slightly
higher.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
POOR DIET CAUSES
PELLAGRA

JACKSON. Miss.-Dr Joseph Gold
berg, of the United States public
health service, is said to have proven
his theory that pellagra is produced
by unbalanced diet and can be cured
by a balanced ration.
Twelve convicts were put on diet,
which excluded milk, fresh lean meat,
eggs, peas and beans. Six prisoners
now have pallagra.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
5-DAY WEEK FOR PAINTERS

SAN FRANCISCO.-By a referen-
dun vote painters in this city and
vicinity will work but five days a
week, beginning Nov. l. No work
will be done on Saturdays and pay
day will be on Friday evenings. The
new rule will be in effect until March
81. 1916. Equalization of work dur
ing the dull winter months is the pur-
pose of this plan.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
u. S STEEL EARNINGS LARGE

NEW YORK, Nov. Earnings of
the United States Steel Corporation
for the last quarter total $3S,71O,644,
an increase of $1O,76O,5Ss over the
preceding quarter. The report states
that the three months embraced in
the quarter show a steady growth.
September's earnings of $14,569,65
exceeded those of August by $4,000,
while August made "a gain of s1.736,-
762 over July
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
BLAMES PANAMA CANAL ACT

WASHINGTON.-The provision of
tho Panama Canal Act prohibiting
railroad-owned ships from using the
canal is responsible for the Pacific
Mail Steamship company going out
of business, says Secretary of Com
merce Redfield, in a letter to julius
Krutschmitt, official of the Southern
Pacific railroad
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
SHORTER HOURS

WHEELING, w. Va.-Many bar
ber employers favor the reduction of
working hours, urged by the BARRIERS
union. Closing hours at present are
7:3O o'clock five days a week and 10
o'clock on Saturdays.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
LATHERs ORGANIZE

TOPEKA, Kan.-Lathers In TINS
city have organized union and af-
filiated to the international Of their
craft. These workers allowed their
local to lapse few years ago, but
they are now agreed that better work
ing conditions are necessary.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
CONCENTRATION OF
WEALTH

The "Rich," per cent. of the peo.
pie, own 60 per cent. of the wealth
The Middle Class" 3S per cent.
of the people, own 35 per cent. OF the
wealth.
Continued on Page 81
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
TO BUILD LABOR TEMPLE

PORTLAND, Ore.-Trade unionists
have organized the Portland Labor
Temple Building association for the
purpose of erecting home of their
own.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12

English statistics show that in Lon.
don starvation is the immediate
cause of four thefts out of five.-Les
Miserables.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12

Enough to be forced to put children to
work, without having to see the wages
of men held down by their employ
ment.
This is the condition at one end
of the social scale. What is at the
other?
AT THE OTHER END!
Massed in millions, at the other end
of the social scale, are fortunes of a
size never before dreamed of, whose
very owners do not know the extent
nor, without the aid of an intelligent
clerk, even the sources, of their in
comes. Incapable of being spent in
any legitimate manner, these for
tunes are burdens, which can only
be squandered, boarded, put into So
called "benefactions" which for the
most part constitute a menace to the
state, or put back into the industrial
machine to pile up ever-increasing
mountains Of gold.
In many cases, no doubt, these huge
fortunes have come in whole or in
part as the rich reward of exception
al service. None would deny or en-
Wy him who has performed such serv-
ice the richest of rewards, although
one may question the ideals of a ma
Ntrhi rlr
ice only by burdensome fortunes. But
such reward can be claimed as
right only by those who have per-
formed service, not by those who
through relationship or mere para
sitism chance to be designated as
heirs Legal right, of course, they
have by virtue of the law of inherit
ance, which, however, runs counter
to the whole theory of American So
ciety and which was adopted, with
important variations, from the Eng
Gsh law, without any conception of
its ultimate results and apparently
with the idea that it would prevent
exactly the condition which has aris-
en-. In effect the American law of
is as efficient for the es-
tablishment and maintenance of fam
lilies as is the English law, which
has bulwarked the British aristocracy
the centuries. Every year,
indeed, sees this tendency increase,
as the creation of estates in trust
secures the ends which might be more
simply reached if there were no pro
hibition of entail" According to the
income tax returns for ten months
Of 1914, there are in the United States
1898 fortunes yielding an income of
2100 O09 or more per year Practi-
cally al of these fortunes are so in
VS. I'd and hedged about with re
upon expenditure that they
are, to all intents and purposes, per
petuitiCs.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
UNJUST DISTRIBUTION OF
WEALTH AND INCOME

| The conviction that the wealth of
the country and the income which is
produced through the toll of the work
ers is distributed without regard to
any standard of justice, is as wide
spread as it is deep-seated. 1t is
found among all classes of workers
and takes every form from the dumb
resentment of the day laborer, who,
at the end of 4 weeks back-breaking
toll, finds that he has less than enough
to feed his family while others who
have done nothing live in ease, to the
elaborate philosophy Of the "soap-box
orator." who can quote statistics un-
tions. At bottom, though, there is
the one fundamental, controlling idea
that income should be received for
service and for service only, whereas,
in fact, it bears no such relation, and
he who serves least, or not at all,
may receive most
This idea has never been express
ed more clearly than in the testi-
mony of Mr.. John II. Walker, Presi-
of Labor:
"a working man is not supposed
to ask anything more than a fair
days wage for a fair days work; he
is supposed to work until he is pretty
fairly tuckered out, say eight hours,
and when he does a fair days work
he is not supposed to ask for any
more wages than enough to support
his family, while with the business
man the amount of labor furnishes
no criterion for the amount they re-
ceive. People accept II as all right
If they do not do any work at all, and
accept 1t as all right that they get
as much money as they can; In fact,
they are given credit for getting the
greatest amount of money with the
least amount of work; and those
things that are being accepted by the
other side as the things that govern
in everyday life, and as being right,
have brought about this condition,
this being in my Judgment absolutely
unfair; that Is, on the merits of the
proposition In dealing with the work
ers.
"The workers feel this, some uncon.
sciously and some consciously, but
all of them feel it, and it makes for
unrest, in my judgment, and these
can be no peace while that condition
obtains"
"A FAIR LIVING"
In the highest paid occupations
among wage earners, such as railroad
engineers and conductors. glass-blow.
ers. certain steel-mill employees, and
few of the building trades, the in
comes will range from $500 to $4,000
at best, ignoring a few exceptional
ties. Such an income means, under
men who are paid for personal quail
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
Sc A WEEK !!


Six dollars a week!-what does it
mean to many? Three theatre tick
cts, gasoline for the week, or the
prize of a dinner for two; a pair OF
shoes, three pairs of gloves, or the
cost of an evening at bridge. To the
girl it means that every penny must
be counted, every normal desire stiff
led and each basic necessity of life
barely satisfied by the sacrifice %
some other necessity. If more food
must be had than is given with IS
cent dinners, it must be bought with
what should go for clothes; if there
is need for a new waist to replace
the old one at which the forewoman
has glanced reproachfully or at which
the girls have giggled, there can be
no lunches for a week and dinners
must cost five cents less each day.
Always too the room must be paid
for, and back of it lies the certainty
that with slack seasons will come
lay-offs and discharges. If the break
ing point has come and she must
have some amusement, where can it
come from? Surely not out of Sc a
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
AN UNFAIR LIVING

Between one-fourth and one-third
of the male workers IS years of age
and over, in factories and mines, earn
less than $40 per week; from two
thirds to three-fourths earn less than
SIS, and only about one-tenth earn
more than $40 a week. This. does not
take into consideration lost working
time for anv cauSe
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12
WOMEN'S WAGES

Next are the women, the most por-
tentously growing factor in the labor
force, whose wages are important
not only for their own support or as
the supplement of the meager earn
ings of their fathers and husbands,
but because, through the force of
competition in a rapidly extending
field, they threaten the whole basis
of the wage scale. From two-thirds
to three-fourths of the women work
ers in factories, stores and laundries,
and IN industrial occupations gen
orally, work at wages of less than $S
a week. Approximately one-fifth earn
less than $4 and nearly one-half earn
less than Sc a week.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-11-12

ployment of women and children upon
the wages of men, can scarcely be
oVerestimated. Surely it is hard
.nough to be forced to put children to
work, without having to see the wages
of men held down by their employ
ment.
This is the condition at one end
of the social scale. What is at the
other?
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08
THE VOICE OF THE INTERESTS.
thanks iving

The local paper, gagged
attempted thatn both shoulders
torday
In abd article, intended people
thc Missouri Public Utilities Company and against the
But extend congratulations that mucd
week
Of teeth proved
which grOwls furousy while hiding a porch.
Our contemporary devoted the its
to bette Mayor Rage Councilman Black taking stand fer the
people attempted convince its readers that the sold to this
city is not but failed mseraby.
When helps awbreang throttle the
pie its virtue vanhes and becomes There successful
panders the
the confidence o the people
holds Of public
trust Ii it deserts its defend which the
people it sacrifices its sercsoect we'll its influence
The Tribune VII surrender institution which
70 take advantage the Our fight the Missouri Public IT'LL
" Company will terminate until that corporation has kept its
In keeping with its policy
So Public Utilities Company The Tribune official
who ndorses the Utilities and should like before
the people with the bitter of if it possible
to make monopoly organ bitter
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08
SHALL CAPE GIRARDEAU HAVE A ZOO?

by The Tribune
park, should the buy that @
by the most nfuenta in this city
plan purchase the Fairgrounds
nevertheless time aga
entertainment that geological garden
the animals and not the acobac gyratons that make
rather feed the monkeys elephants
tights horses? The Bengal
maneaing lion than the
uggers. the people will
them he
The great
preserve popular During
thousands children gather about animal
daily
Louis during the winter months.
Chicago attention visitors
skyscrapng buildings and the collection wild animals
York City viewed by people than Broad
Girareau to this
before 1t would advertise this Mem
the that skirt the Oarks the East
the fertile stretches of Southern Illinois.
Of wild animals could be found nowhere
beauty by
With The
n ST. Louis.
the the Fairgrounds could be
rainbow Graphic bass and pike Swans
ecan wiowl would thrive in these ideal surroundings
GI1cau c0GG be established for and
would old The Tribune would
glad readers whether they favor If
Il suggestion to send il the editor of The Tribune.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08
THE CITY COUNCILS REPORT.

the the report
Jefferson City
possible analysis shows Gu,
pu9hcatoi,
Gated " nau tiCn o
According made report, in the il
responsible high percentage of ammonia.
Utilities polluted
According made the City Council last night
Fowler SlnS creek
which nothing all The Tribune called the pub
atptoa this facas and had the
of in
o remedy the conditions then.
the
to Public should
sumner
compel publ be honest with the people, the
$ unwilling 0 o It's
to
public is entitled officials
1t crying shame that community the
valuable the
poo resting beside bottome of
The of this be grateful that the officials
theory better
than ksgivin
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08
SEN. STONE TELLS HOW HE
FREED TRUTHFUL HORSETHIEF
He Felt It Wouldn't Do to Keen a
Man Admitting Guilt Among
innocent" COnyicts.

Washington, Jan 4-Senatcr Stone
of Missouri, in commenting today on
the use of the pardoning power By
Gov. Cole BIease Of South Carolina,
made good use Of a weIl-liked, if ven
erable anecdote in the following
fashion:
when J was Governor of Missouri
1 used TO receive hundreds of letters
from criminals III the state eniten-
tiary, every one protesting he was in
noceEt. 7 decided to visit the institu-
ton.
"The first man to whom ] talked
was serving two-year sentence for
horse stealing. l asked him if he stole
the horse He replied that he did. I
asked him if he was guilty and his
sentence had been Just. He replied in
the affirmative. Then l said TO him:
cit won't do for you to remain in
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08
MRS. MARY MASTERSON,
OLD RESIDENT, DIES

Mrs Mary Masterson, din old resi-
dent OF Cape County, died at St.
Francis Hospital, in this city yester-
day morning at / o'clock, after an i'll
ness OF about three weeks. Her death
was due TO typhoid fever.
Mrs. Masterson was born Feb. %,
1856, on a farm few miles north Of
this city, and most of her life has
been spent there and in the Cape.
Sometime ago she rented her prop
crty in this city, and moved to Com
mercc, where she could be with her
daughter, Miss Lucy Masterson, who
is teaching school in Commerce.
Mrs. Masterson was the widow o.
William z. Masterson who died sew
eral years ago.
OF her immediate relatives, she is
survived by one child, Miss Lucy
Masterson, and four sisters: Mrs. Ern-
est Hobbs, Mrs w. H. Minton, and
Mrs. T. C. Collins, Of this city, and
Mrs. Margaret Stratton Of Oklahoma
City. Mrs. Stratton will arrive here
today.
The funeral services will be held
at the home of Mrs. W. H. Minton,
133 South Pacific street, this after
noon, and will be conducted by Rev.
F. \. Campbell, pastor Of the First
Baptist Church. Burial will be at the
Lorimier cemetery.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08
MANOF MYSTERY
HAUNTS HOMES,
SCARES WOMEN
Appears at Three Residences,
PrOwls in Rear Yards,
Then Vanishes.
CALLS WHILE WIVES
ARE ALONE IN HOME
Once Represented Self as PLY.
stefan and Inquired Way to
POIiceman'S Home.

Considerable excitement has pre-
vailed for the past few days III the
neighborhood Of South Benton street
between jefferson avenue and Bloom
field street, op account of the strange
actions of mysterious party who ap-
pears every evening at about o'clock,
and calls at the houses in that par
ticular vicinity.
Three evenings in succession last
week this same individual appeared at
the home of Henry Ulrich, on South
Benton street, and on enc occasion
represented himself to be Dr. VIII
liams in order to persuade Mrs. I'll
rich to come to the door. When she
opened the door, the stranger mum
bled incoherently in an undertone, and
was still standing on the porch when
Mrs. Ulrich closed and locked the
door.
On the other two occasions, he was
seen passing around the house to the
rear door, and when he knocked, no
attention was paid to him and after
waiting for several minutes he left.
On one OF these occasions, however,
Mrs. Ulrich called and asked him what
he wanted, and he inquired the way to
Policeman jeff Illusions.
This same stranger has visited on
numerous occasions, the homes of
Mr. Smooty, and II. p Lund, who live
in the same community. He never
gives any intelligent account of him
self, but never displays any tenden-
cies toward violence.
He always makes his appearance
shortly after dark, and Just before the
men reach home from their work. He
is described Dis being tail and slender,
wears a dark oveTcoat, a gray cap, q
white collar and red tie.
While his actions have never indi
Gated a disposition to do harm, he is
believed to be insane, and a careful
watch is being maintained for him n
the hopes Of effecting his capture.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08
BOUQUETS AND MISSOURI HISTORY.

The history compiled Walter
L. Stevens the wnOwn
The historical facts by Mr. actual worth but
ms pen produced only of the four volumes.
TWO large books biographies of section
the state including almost hundred from Gardeau As
these write ups" paid that
Srlzed The compliments paid of the residents of state
almost mushy.
But the biographies proved which
Nothing
the history Missouri hold
themselves
works had few bouquets themselves,
peusa of the books indicates that we'll
pleased with himself
to ctic
Perish the thought! chd members
the senler for should calmly Stevens
bistory of little cid Missouri.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08
AUTO HITS STREET CAR

A street car in charge of motorman
Clarence Hinkle was struck Sunday
afternoon at about I o'clock, by an au-
tomobile driven by DR.. John Porter
field, Jr., at the corner of Ellis street
and Broadway, and was derailed and
had the front axle broken.
The automobile was aiso badly
wrecked, having ono wheel reduced to
splinteTs, and an axle broken.
No one was hurt, and the damages
were confined to the wrecking of the
cars.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08
STE. GENEVIEVE MAN DEAD

ST. Louis, Jan. Martin V. Sexau-
er, formerly of Ste. Genevieve, Mo,
was found dead in bed at the Illmo
Hotel, East St. Louis, today. Two
empty bottles that had contained car
bolic acid were found beside him. He
registered at the hotel Sunday.
The dead man has a wife in Bonnie
Terre, Mo-, message from Ste.
Genevieve said Monday afternoon, and
is survived by his mother, Mrs. Eliza
beth Sexauer, and three brothers in
Ste. Genevieve. He was about 30
years old. He visited Ste. Genevieve
Saturday, and attended the funeral of
his brother-in-law, Henry Ganahl. He
has been working in East st. Louis
recently.
The weekly tribune and the Cape County herald. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1914-1918, 1915-01-08

c. L. Soderstrom of JACKSON, was a
business visitor in this city yest erday.
F.. C. Grower of Karsas CITY, was
in the Cape yesterday lc,k.rg after
some business interests.
r. w. Taylor of Commerce, was a
business visitor in this city yesterday.
S. P. Gideon of Burr:or;lYill6, was in
the city yesterday on Il shopring trip.
W. G. Anderson Of Gcmrucrch, ,-,;sit-
Cd friends in this citv YESTERDAY.