davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-02-09

The conditions which caused Our overstock OF popu
rprced Coats left their mark in SUIT department
the of IS popular ced Suits, which will have
to dispose of along the same nes-gIye-aWay price
There about 80 iaunty models in the lot The bal
ance medium and long models Materials are serges
broadcoths cevots and worsteds in navy black green
plum and black. Some plain, others semi-fancy
Coats all rightly silk satin lined, all sizes
Free aIterations-notwithStandin enormous reduc-
tons alter all garments free of charge
means additional saving of So to IS each gar
n1ent and assured perfect custom fitting.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-02-09
Wonen's Sizes
Misses Sizes

The originators OF style have gone back Grandmot
ers girhood days of 1880 The dresses ready for YOU
tomorrow show wide skirts. high waist lines fchu neck
trimmings. and many other quaint styles Crepe de
Chine Faille. SILK. Popin and Soft Tafeta. in Navy
Blue Belgian Blue. Palm Beach Sand. Rose, Wistara
and OF Black and Smart Checks The silhouette
has changed emphaticaly that the replenishment of
formal froc for afternoon Is absorbngly interest
ing
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
STATE SOLONS STILL SITTING.

ST. PAUL, Mimi, March 31.-The
Minnesota legislature, which ended its
third month today, among other things
voted against committing hari kari.
A bill was proposed cutting down the
number of legislators to 100, and
making them all in one house. The
legislature killed it by a tremendous
majority.
Although the legislature refused to
give the people of Minnesota the
right to vote on suffrage, they gave
them a county option bill. A bill to
provide for statewide prohibition fail
ed by big majority. The legislature
was the first non-partisan Legislature
in Minnesota, it being against the
law for any member of it to announce
his political faith, either before or
after election.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
CITY OF DETROIT
MAY BUY RAILWAYS

United Press.
DETROIT, March 31.-Stockholders
of the Detroit United Railway COM
pany met today in special session to
vote on the proposition of selling out
to the city of Detroit for $24,9o0,00O
the amount of the bonded indebted
ness of the company. The sale price
has been agreed to both by The direc,
tors of the d. u. r. and the members
of the Detroit street railway commits
sion, and must now be ratified by the
ID. U. r. stockholders and the voters
of the city Of Detroit.
Consideration of the sale price to-
day by the street car company stock
holders marks one of the final steps
in Detroit's long fight for municipal
ownership of the street car system.
Approval of the sale figures by the
stockholders would result in the call
ing of special election immediately
to obtain ratification from the peo-
pie.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

DENVER, March Following
the killing Of the Candlish-Lewis COM
pensation measure by the house, talk
of an extra session is prevalent. The
abolishment Of the board of capitol
managers is considered certain. The
house killed the McDevitt bill abol-
ishing direct primaries.
There is possibility that the SEN
ate Democrats will agree to place the
compensation and industrial commits
sion in one bill.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
EvADE ANTELOPE LAW.

United Press.
CLEVELAND, March 31.-"Hur
dreds of drug users are buying cocoa
leaves in the raw state and brewing
from them concoction that has the
same effect as morphine, opium and
other drugs, the sale of which is now
barred by federal statutes"
Probation Officer Christian, Cleve-
lands "dope fiend expert" makes the
announcement, and says drug slaves
here have found a loophole in the law
which does not prevent the sale of
the raw leaves.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
tPy C. W. spencer.)

"A silo on every farm" is the slo-
gan Of the business men of Denver,
Colorado Springs, and Pueblo, and
believe that the time is not far dis
tant wher the farmers of this sec
tion who desire to feed beef and
dairy cows will adopt it for theirs.
While in the San Luis valley this
winter, made study of the silos
in use there and came to the conclu-
sion that man can build his own,
with the assistance of his farm hands
and the cost of the cement necessary,
doing the work during spare mo-
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
SHIPS WRECKED
AND T0RP[D0[D
Liner Bound for Capetow Torpedoed = French
Warship Sinks Submarine American Barge
in Distress Other Ships Reported Lost

LONDON, March 31.-The liner
Flaminian, going to Capetown, was
torpedoed and sunk off the southeast
coast of England Monday. This was
only learned today when the crew of
Al was landed at Holyhead by Dan
ish steamer. There were no passen-
gers ON board. 1t is believed it was
torpedoed by the same submarine
which sank the Falaba.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
GLOBE SIGHTS.

The more worthless a man becomes
the more easily he expects to fool
people.
The attorney for the defense feels
that his chances are better if there
is a woman to do the weeping for
his client.
Odor of some pretty flowers is
sickening. and the same is true of
pretty girls who use too much per-
fume.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
French Claim Spy
Set Ship on Fire
United Press.

United Press.
PARIS, March 31.-It is reported
that Raymond Swobodo, 3s, listed
among the passenger son the La Tour
aine, as an American fnancier, has
been arrested, suspected of setting fire
to the liner in mid-Atlantic March 6.
1t is suspected he is ''in close rela-
tion with the enemy" said the news-
paper Matin.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
ASKS
PROBE
Senator Robinson Wants
Investigation Of
Lobbying
United Press.

United Press.
DENVER, March 31.-A thorough
investigation of the corporation lobby
in the legislature has been asked by
Senator Robinson of Colorado Springs.
District Attorney Rush said he would
lay the matter before the grand jury
as soon as it could meet.
Senator Robinson said the testi-
mony he could give was not criminal
corruption but might lead to serious
developments.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
PROMINENT FARMER
URGES MORE S|L0S

ments. When completed he will have
one Of the best and cheapest siIos in
use today. that need less repairs and
that reduces the cost Of ensilage used,
as no blower or carrier is required for
the filing.
How to Proceed with the
Construction.
First draw perfect circle where
you want your silo, making It, nay,
u feet in diameter. Dig ditch just
outside the line marking the circum-
ference the width Of spsds and
from two to four feet daep, working
(Centiassd - Psss ~
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
HARD TRIP FROM THE
TRENCHES TO HOSPITAL

was wounded for some time. One
chap came limping up the trench one
day complaining that he had been
shot in the leg. He could hardly put
his right foot to the ground. We
ripped open his trouser leg and could
find no bullet mark. Then we dis
covered that he had been shot through
the forearm and that the wound was
hours old.
To be hit feels like being punched,
70 many soldiers have told ne. When
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
"MEANEST CITY IN
WORLD"-CHICAGO
United Press.

the ''meanest city in the world" ac-
cording to figures being compiled by
municipal crime commission. More
than ten persons are held up or rob-
bed by pickpockets daily. Burglaries
occur in larger number. Police rec
ords show that there are nearly 10
cases of pocket picking, robbery,
burglary and larceny reported every
day to the Chicago police. Only one
tenth of the offenders are ever ar
rested. A much smaller per cent of
T'bre is an average of 20 burglaries
per day.
Alderman C. E. Merriem is a school
teacher in politics. For years he has
taueht political economics in the Uni
versity of Chicago. He has been al
derman three terms, twice chairman
Of probing bodies and once Republi-
can candidate for mayor of Chicago.
Alderman Merriem is chairman Of the
Merriem crime commission, investi-
eating conditions in Chicago He
promisces that his report soon to be
made to the city council will prove
Chicago is the "meanest city in the
world" that life, property and money
are unsafe in the lakeside metropolis.
During the fall the multiplicity of
hold-ups and pickpockets astoundej
the crime investigators. On October
10 he passed through the city council
an ordinance requiring Superintendent
of Police Jas. Gleason to make week
y report of robberies, contra-distin-
guished from burglaries. The first two
weeks showed there had been 378
cases reported. Since October 19
there have been, according to the re-
ports, 1892 robberies, 33 attempted
robberies and 33 purses snatched from
loop shoppers. According to .he su-
perintendent's report, 276 arrests and
identifications were made. Two of
this number were sentenced to impris-
onment.
Crime Commissioner Merriem has
figures of the convictions in 1912 and
1913. In the former year 1913 per cent
Of those arrested for robbery and
burglary were convicted. In 1918 the
percentage rose to 29.8.
Only a small portion of stolen prop
erty is recovered, police records show.
Last year the pawn shop department
recovered from pawn shops and Sec
ond hand stores 1884, 1884 worth
of stolen property. In the preceding
year $1,697, ,754.s0 worth of property
was recovered.
Sergeant Annas, in charge of the
pawn shop department, believes Chi
cago is headquarters for the best Or
ganized fence syndicates in the world
because its centrality makes it ideal
for such place. A kodak once stolen
by a window smasher from loop
kodak dealer was bought three days
later in Galveston, Tex, by a circus
cook. Two weeks later it was stolen
from him, sold to Chicago pawn
shop and positively identified by the
cook.
Smaller in population than New
York or London, Chicago has more
crime. In 1918 there were more mur-
ders in Chicago than in both Of the
other two cities combined, and police
records for the same year show 1922
arrests for robbery and assault. Lor-
don's 1913 robbery and assault rec
ord was IS. Gotham's was 928.
Captain of Detectives 0'Brien de-
fends Chicago police on the ground
that they have four more square miles
to cover than the New York police.
Gotham police, he points out, also out
number them aimest fsux 70 eaA
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

VILLAGES
SH[LLfD
United Press.

CONSTANTINOPLE, March 81
The Russians have apparently aban-
doned the bombardment of the Bos-
porus. Turkish aviators are unable
to find the enemy's ships. The allies
have resumed bombardment of the
Turkish villages at the Dardanelles
entrance. This is taken to mean that
transports have arrived. The allies
plan to land large bodies of troops.
There has been no bombardment OF
the inside of the strait for two days.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
HARVARD DEBATERs COMPETE.

United Press.
BOSTON, March 31.-Harvard's
best debaters are enlisted for the sec
ond annual forensic competition for
the Lee Wade II prize for public
speaking in Sanders theater tonight.
Sophomores, juniors and seniors are
competing. Prizes of s25, SIS and
$40 are the smallest part of the hon
ors at stake.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
EDUCATORS IN SESSION.
United Press.

United Press.
ANN ARBOR, Mich, March 81
Michigan educators are in Ann Arbor
today to attend the fiftieth annual
meeting of the Michigan Schoolmast-
ers' club and allied organizations.
Men prominent in educational circles
all over the country are scheduled to
address the conference during the four
days session.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
STRffTCAR
SERVICE IS
RESUMED
United eass.

United o,ess.
SEATTLE, Wash, March S1.--Nor-
mai car service has been resumed.
Traction officials said the strike was
over and quiet followed last nights
rioting. The leaders insist they will
continue to fight the American un-
ionize employees.
Twelve arrests have been made as
the result of cutting trolley poles, put
ting emergency brakes out of COM
mission and smashing windows.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
DEBATING TEAMS TO CLASH.
United Press.

United PresS.
DENVER, March 31-If the Uni
versity of Denver debating team is
beaten by the team from Wyoming
university, they will lay the blame to
the woman debater whom they will
elect soon.
The Wyoming team is to have one
woman on it, and to protect himself
against any influence on the judges
by the fair one from Wyoming, Hol-
brook Working, manager of the Den
yer team, will select one of his pret-
tiest and brightest co-eds.
Working evidently remembers the
defeat of the mems club by the wo-
mems club in debating at the local
university last year.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
United Press.

United Press.
LONDON, March 31.-Petrograd
claimed that 10000 Russians occupied
strong positions in the foothills of
Hungary. The Russians in Poland
delivered lightning attacks when the
Germans withdrew 100000 reinforce
ments 10 assist in the defense of Hun
gary
1t is semi-officially stated in Pet
rograd that the Germans have aban-
doned the siege of Ossowetz and also
retired from the Przasnysz region. 1t
is also indicated that Won Hinden-
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
(By PHIL RADER.)

copyrighted 1915 by United Press. }
LONDON, March being wound
ed in our trenches was gruesome bust
ness. If wounded man dropped
back to safety he was extra lucky,
for everything that was done for him
during the first few hours only test
ed his waning strength and was like
ly to make his condition worse.
Often q man would not know hs
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
RAISING BUFFALOS
AN INFANT INDUSTRY

PIERRE, S. D., March 31.-The
North American Buffalo & Cattle
company at Fort Pierre, is today in
corporated for 100000, for the rails
ing of American buffalos and other
stock. The company has purchased
the famous "Scotty" Phillips buffalo
herd and ranch.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
JACK JoHNsoNs BIRTHDAY.
United Press.

UHIleU PresB.
HAVANA, March 31.-"My birth
day gift for Jess Willard will be a
victory over him next Monday" was
Jack Johnson's confident declaration
today upon his thirty-seventh birth
day anniversary. The big Smoke
planned birthday dinner tonight in
his training quarters-but with him
self ''on the wagon
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

Will ASK
FOR HELP

United Press.
HONOLULU, March 31.-Twenty-
one coffins lay in the navy dock
awaiting the crew Of the submarine
which has not been located yet. OPP
erations were resumed after being
suspended all night because the cabled
parted.
If the huge diving bell submerg-
ed today is not adequate the officials
plan to appeal to the navy depart
ment for special equipment.
WASHINGTON, D. c., March 81
The submarine lost In Honolulu har-
Dor has been located
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
Denver Slayer
is Not Guilty

United Press.
DENVER, March 31.-Clayton Pat
tison was today acquitted of the mur-
der Of Robert showalter, the wealthy
Loveland farmer he found in a room
with Mrs. Pattison.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

LONDON. March 31.-A Glasgow
steamer, Crown Of CASTLE, was tor
pedoed off the coast of Ireland. The
admiralty refused to confirm the re-
port, but the company agents said it
was probably true.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

RESPECT
AMERICANS
United Press.

United Press.
BROWNSVILLE, Tex, March 81
No shells fell on this side during the
night fighting at Matamoras, indicat-
ing the factions intended to respect
American lives and property. The
real battle is expected Sunday. Vii
las artillery with reinforcements has
arrived.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
PLEADS GUILTY TO HOG
STEALING FROM ASYLUM
United Press.

= TFINNN IN7os
PUEBLO, Colo, March 31.-Roy
Engle, who said ho worked nights,
stole hogs, butehered them and sold
the meat to REGULAR customers The
hogs belonged to the state insane asy-
lum and naturally didn't have enough
sense to save themselves. Engle
pleaded guilty to Judge Hart.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
COMMANDMENT RESULTS
IN DEATH OF THREE
United Press.

United Press.
LlBA, March 31.-A German war
ship rebombarded this port and kill
ed three civilians and wounded seven.
A steamer that had been lying in the
harbor for fifteen hours was damaged.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

WASHINGTON, D. c., March s1.-
The barge Tampico is in distress. 1t
is feared that tug and barge were
lost in gale off the Carolina coast.
The cutter Seminole has gone to the
rescue.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

WASHINGTON, D. c., March 31.-
There is an investigation being made
of the report that comes from Lon
don that among the Falaba dead Is
an American, Leon Thrasher. If true.
it is expected the United States will
protest to Germany.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

LONDON, March 31.-The British
steamer South Atlantic" on the way
from New York to Glasgow, is re-
ported to have collided with an un-
known vessel and sunk off the Irish
coach. The crew was saved.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
CIVILIAN KILLED IN
AIRSHIP RAIDS
United Press.

United Press.
BERLIN, March 31.--The enemy's
aviators raided Bruges, Ghistelle and
Courtrai. One civilian was killed and
another wounded. A bomb exploded
near the hospital.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

BERLIN, March 31.-The war office
announced that the Russians attempt
ed two separate offensives in East
Prussia, and are now retreating.
Little important official news comes
from the western front. The most Sc
we're fighting is southeast of Verdun.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01
CAMP PA|GN AGAINST
RUSSIA IS BROKEN
Eighty Thousand Russians Occupy Strong Position
in Foothills Of Northern Hungary Siege Of
OssOwetz Abandoned Losses Heavy

burg's campaign against the Warsaw
Petrograd railway has collapsed.
English correspondents in Geneva
wired that the Austrian losses during
Sundays fighting in the Vereezkie
pass in the Carpathians were $4,000.
Semi-weekly herald., 1915-04-01

PARIS, March 3l.-The ministry of
marine announced it believed French
warship rammed and sunk German
submarine off Dieppe yesterday.
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1915-12-09
THE ATLANTIC REFINING COMPANY
Pittsburgh and Philadelphia

nabm, un0 bic 9auern ieoem 9lgitas
tor, Der ibnen 2unO peripra9, Sujubels
ten, entI9loB man ii4 gu elmer grunos
kgenben 9lenoerung bes alten Sps
items. Stplipfn, Der als @oelsmars
f9oll bon &ppnp unb BETTER mebre>
rer Sitter an Der turlGubiI9en @rense
Die 9eIunbeu 3uItGnoe Der baItii9en
8auernpirtI9aft bor glugen gebdbt
bate, nabm Die f9on bor ieinsm Gins
tritt in Die &egierung am 5. Robems
Der, 1906, @efeB gsiporbene grobe
@srarreform entf9Ipfen in 4nsrifF.
Der Sern bieTer groben 9lsrarreform,
Die i'm Sriibiabr, 1912, 9egenitenb
elmer StuoienreiIe bon Mitslieoern Der
itaatspiFenI9aftlt9en 8ereinigung in
Berlin unter Siibruus bes ProfeFpr
Sering 9etpeien lit, beitebt, turS ges
fast, in Der 8eieitisuns Oes 9emeins
oebeFbes unb in Der Neubesriinoung
bes @inSelbofIpitems. Sbipobl Die
Rssierung ni6t iiberon bereitpiGIis
aufgenommen tpurbe uno Die 8auern
bieIfa9 aus llnberItanb ii9 basegsn
itrdubten. tpurbe iie NIT tattrGftiger
Silfe bes Staotes, Der oniebnIi6e
&re6ite fir @ebGuOe, WaI9inen,
Sauttorn unO 8ieb aur 8erfiiguRs
itsIIte, bod erituunli9 i9neu tpeiterges
fiibrt, uno es lieb iid bereits Der 3eits
punt abfsben. mo fe gang selunsen
fein ipiiroe, als Der &risg ausbra9.
Sn eriter 2inie iparen es politiT6e
9riinoe, fpel9e ole ruiiiI6e Regierline
beitimmten, bies @srt 70 tattrGfti9
ourhsufiibren. Man pollte Der g1es
pollution ben goben abaraben, benn
Der 8ausr. Der uuf eisener G6oIIs iibt,
1T fir Die SeBe Der llmitiirSIer unsus
gdnsIidb. Sieie Huge Re6nung bat
fi9 als ri9tig ertpieIsn. Die Gigens
beiiBer finsen an beFer su ipirtI6often,
Der Grtrag Der rufiifden 2anopirts
i6aft fteiserte ii9. 9ie 8eoiirfnife
uno 9tnfpriide bes 8ausrn ipurbsr
SrDBer, feline &auftraft bob iid, bic
rufiifhe SnOuitris bliibte auf. 60
bat bie Israrreform Rublanb ptrts
fdoftIid setrGftist unO aud feline
ariessbereiti6aft seitdrtt. sic batte
au4 s.puItise pOlitii4e 5olgen.
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1915-12-09

Our6 Die Stillun9 feines 2anobuns
gers ipurbe Der Bauer fir Den natios
nalen Staatsseoantsn geiponnen.
Denn er au9 ole Sbee bes PanIlapisz
mus ni9t begriff, er bor9te auf, ipenn
man ibm erSdblte, Dab our9 einen
&rieg 2unb 5u erubern iei. 90
puroe Der &rieg gegen bic Seutf9en
unb Seiterrei9er, Su osm Die nafionas
liitiIde preTe unO Der re9tsIGubige
Pope beBten, bolfstiimlidb. Die ruiz
iif9e Regterung bebrGnste ben beuts
i9en @runo6eiib i'm eigenen 2anoe,
Der nu9 Gage Der 0inge gu siinItisen
8eoingun9en ben umpobnenben ruff
f6en 8auern 5ufallen mub, 6ie ruff
i9en SffiSiere peripraden ibren SoIz
oaten, Die ia meiIt 9auern iinb, oas
eroberte 2ano ienIeits Der @renae.
8ereits Elm Sobr Dor Dem 9lusbru9
Oes &rieses 6utftsn Die 8auernagrars
banten i'm Weitsebiet ieine &rebite
gum glntauf an einseIefene 8auern
geben, fpnhern muir nod on grpbruIs
iiIde lleberiieOler, unb in Der Reidss
oumd perlangen isbt Die bGuerli9en
gtbseorbneten, unterI ItiiBt BON alien ans
bern Reattiondren, 6ab Der seiamts
9runobeiiB Der pSrem6itdmmtsen" in
eanS Rublan0, nidt nur, ipis bas
Wlatlafopi6e @eIeb boriiebt, in be-
itimmten, aus itrategiiden @ripGsuns
gen oussetpGblten @ebieten enteignet
tper0e.
Sieie ni9t nur fir oeutf9es @olfss
tum in RuBlanb, ionbern aud fiir bic
StsIIung 6es DsutIden Rei5ss be-
oroblibe Gntpidlung ipiirbe serabeau
perbGngnisbou iperoen, ipenn RubIano
nus Dem 2riese unseT9nGdt berpors
sinse. Die Wisoeraufnobme uno
Our6fiibrung Der asrorreform piiSoe
feline Serriitteten 5inansen baIo lpieosr
trGftissn unb ibm Die Sortfiibruns Der
alien RiiItunsspoIitif ermDeIiden.
Der &rieg bat oas groBe Wsrf, tpel>
des bic Sat bss 3arenbefreiers erit
frDnt, uno oas mir aufri6tig befpuns
bern miibteu, tpenn es tpirti i9nftltden
uno fulturelIen 9riinoen entipruugen
unb oosu beitimnt pdrs. b.m SrisOsn
unb ni9t benz Rrisgs au bienen, uns
tsrbrOden unb sridiittert. SssboIb
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1915-12-09

purn Der 2anopirtIdaftsminiife
&ripoI6ein uno Der 1iibrer Der baus
ernfrsun6li9en Guberiten Rehten,
Martop, geeen Den &rtee, tpentsitens
i'm gegentpdrtisen 3eitpuntt. 4us
bemielben 9runoe fino bic d9rarif6en
ReattionGre, oeren aeibblatt bic
SemIdtI9ina 1T, fir einen balbisen
SrteOensihlub. sic fiir9ten BON
elmer Sortfiibrung Oes Srie9ss einen
pDlligen 3uiammenbru9 Der 4grorre=
form, in Der iie Elm tpirfIames WfttteI
ge9en ben inneren Seino Ieben. Sas
rum miifen Die berbiinoeten beioen
3sntralmGbts ben &f se9en RuBs
lamb iolange furtieben, bis feline Ma9t
p6uig eebrp9en lit. Denn Der Sriebs
RuBlano Die MDsli9teit gibt, oas
groBe Dert. bas ben bur6 ben &rieg
se9en Sapan unb Die inneren Wirz
rem gei9pG9ten Staoten in tpenigen
Sabren 70 bat erTtGrten IaFsn, in bems
ielbsu llmfange ipieoer aufSunsbmen,
70 iteben Seiterrei9s sllnsurn unb
9eutiblano balb por Der perboppelten
unO perbreifa9ten @efabr, bon Der
lleberma6t Der sipig lanobungri9en
ruiiii9en 9auern eroriidt su iper0en.