davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21
FOR USE IN COLD WEATHER
Experts Claim TO Have Developed an
Oil That Viii Not cohses: st
Low Temperature.

With cold weather. motorists who
are accustomed to all-the-year-around
service face new conditions of opera
ton and maintenance None of the
problems that low temperature brings
has more bearing on good service than
fabrication. for a drop in the mercury
means an atmospheric condition that
has a tendency to CONCEAL the lubri-
cation oil unless II has been manufac-
tured in way to prevent this diff.
Guilty. Motorists observe this most
commonly when they find the motor
hard to start on cold days.
Recently engineers nave made in
teresting experiments to solve this
problem through a series OF compre-
hensive cold tests. The extra quail
ity oil, which these engineers have
evolved is the result OF these expert.
ments.
Thus the man using this oil in zero
weather has his fabrication problem
solved for him, the purpose being to
increase the value of service by pass
ing along to the owner the benefit Of
the laboratory work Of the experts.
In other words, the oil is made SO that
it automatically takes care OF the prob
lem of low temperature and conse-
quent tendency to CONCEAL the oil.
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21
GOOD CLUTCH STOP
Device That Owner Can Con-
struct Makes the Changing
of Speeds Easy.
MADE IN VARIOUS DESIGNS
Different Methods May Be Employed,
According to the Wish Of the
Auto Driver-Some Ideas
That Are Worth Try
Ing Out.

Motorists experiencing trouble when
changing speeds will find that the fit
ting of a clutch stop or brake will rem
edy the fault and make the changing
of gears under all conditions a sim.
pie matter, especially with some types
of motors the clutch shafts of which
are so spun that it is difficult to
change speeds without a clashing
noise.
A clutch stop can be made by the
owner and fitted, and several meth.
DDS are shown in the accompanying
illustration. The type of clutch, cross
frame members. etc, will vary with
the design of the car, but a little
study will enaole one to determine
how best to proceed with the work.
The stop shown at C is adaptable
to a cone clutch. II is mounted in
:hc gear-set support and it's con-
struction is shown in detail at D. II
consists of a T-piece OF iron, which Is
drilled and tapped TO take threaded
bolt to which is fitted leather fac
ing or pad. The leather should be
countersunk so that the heads OF the
screws will be well below the surface
of the material. The bolt is held in
place by locking nut. This type is
adjustable to wear and position.
Another design is shown at C. The
support is drilled to allow the bolts
carrying the pad to move freely. By
slipping a coil spring over each bolt
and between the pad and the brace, a
gradual engagement is obtained of the
clutch and the stop.
The design is adjustable both for
the tension OF the spring and the po-
sition Of the stop. That shown at A
is for the plate type of clutch. On
the gear-set housing is fitted leather
pad or ring. Il is SO bull: NJ that
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21
INVESTIGATING THE WOODPECKER
++++++++ r. ++++++Fi

made up of grain. fruit and mast.
Among the animal food a few wood
borers were found. and caterpiliars
Corn was the only grain found. Poison
ivy seeds form a large part of the
diet and are eaten in every month
from August to February inclusive.
This bird shows a decided taste for
fruit and may do injury. as it has In
the Florida orange groves. The con-
tents OF the stomachs. however. show
that the wild fruits are preferred. and
probably only when these have been
replaced by cultivated varieties is any
mischief done.
Three-toed woodpecker3 are found
to be very beneficial. These are res
idents OF practically all parts OF the
United States. The great bulk of the
food OF these birds consists OF the lar.
vac of wood boring beetles or moths.
These are eaten with great regularity
throughout the year, but somewhat
more in the colder months than in
summer. The total of wood boring
larvae, including both caterpillars and
Deeties.' found in the food of these
BIRDS. amounts to 77.13 per cent. Their
vegetable food may be included in four
Items: Fruit. mast, cambium and
rubbish. The foregoing show that
these woodpeckers act as "conserva-
tors OF the forest" in the strongest
sense. as three sou9..:;.hs 6: ;he:- food
consists of the direct enemies of for.
est trees. 1t is unfortunate that in
most places three-toed woodpeckers
are not very numerous, and for this
reason they should be protected md
encouraged in every way possible.
Or the several species of wood,
peckers IN the United States only
three may be properly classed as sap
suckers. These birds have short,
bushy tongues. not adapted to the
capture of insects, while the other
woodpecsers have tongues with
barbed tips which can be extended to
spear luckless borers or other insects
whose burrows in the wood have been
reached by their powerful beaks. TIL,
sapsuckers practically do not feed
on wood borers or other forest enc
mics. Their chief insect food is ants.
About Is per cent of their diet con.
sists of cambium and the inner bark
OF trees, and they drink a great dea'
of sap.
The parts of the tree injured by
sapsuckers are those that carry the
rich sap which nourishes the growing
wood and bark. 1t is evident. there
tore, that the birds attack on trees
may have serious results. When a
small proportion of the bark and
cambium are removed, the vitality OF
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21
Novel Automatic Gear Change.

One of the latest British inventions
consists OF a new type of automatic
gear change for automobiles. Gener-
ally speaking. the speed gear COM
prises a straightforward gear box. OPP
Grated by central spindle. The spin
die is connected to a spring-controlled
sliding member which in its turn is
adjusted longitudinally by the centri-
fugal governor above it. When start
ing the car the gear lever is shifted
from neutral into either the first for
ward, or reverse positions. After the
driven shaft has reached a certain
speed, the centrifugal governor auto
matically brings the next gear into &C
ton; when the speed has again in
creased, the highest speed ratio is en-
gagged similarly. Retarding the speed
of the car causes the reverse series OF
operations to take place.-Scientific
American.
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

that has become decidedly popular for
the outside covering Of eas<fsSy
houses. The economical upkeep of
single siding appeals TO a great many
owners because of the saving in paint.
To keep q wooden house looking re-
spectacle IL is necessary TO give IL u
good coat of paint about once in two
or three years. which generally in
cludes every square inch OF surface
below the shingles. Sometimes the
roof is included
In this design the color of the shin
giles never changes, so that paint is
unnecessary except for the trim. The
columns, bands. fascia boards. brack-
cts and window trim are the only out
from the painter.
The rough brick supporting piers
and chimneys are left in their natural
rough-and-ready coat of Drown. which
harmoniZes with the general color
scheme in a very satisfactory manner.
The plan of this artistic cottage is
similar to a regular five-room bunga-
low, which places the living room, din
ing room and kitchen on the sunny
side of the house. The two bedrooms,
with bathroom, occupy the side to the
north or east, according to the direc-
ton in which the house faces.
This plan shows rather a large din
ing room, which is really part of the
living room. being connected by a
wide archway which practically makes
the two rooms into one splendid room
&c feet IN length with abundance of
light from a half dozen windows.
A very interesting feature, and one
that especially interests the women. is
the manner in which the kitchen is
built. II occupies a bright, sunny
corner and is so arranged that it
makes a real house workshop. with
all the necessary attachments near at
hand. The kitchen itself is compare
lively small. but it is in close contact
with the pantry. the stairway leading
down to the cellar and the other stair
way leading up to the attic. Then the
rear porch is almost part of the
kitchen.
The plan shows a kitchen sink close
to a large window. and the stove is
directly between two windows. Both
the stove and sink are convenient to
the pantry and to the cellarway, where
supplies are stored. The making of a
home kitchen is considered in a diff
ferent light since hot and cold water,
gas for cooking. and other so-called
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

er, 81 stomachs were available. The
food was found to consist of 1853 per
cent OF animal matter. to 77.41 per
cent of vegetable.
Their principal item OF food is
acorns. This amounts 10 $3.50 per
cent OF the yearly diet and was found
in IS stomachs. Who're almonds are
largely cultivated and this bird is
abundant II exhibits e strong liking
tor this nut and stores it instead OF
acorns. In some cases 1t has been
found necessary to shoot the birds
whenever they entered the orchard in
order to save the crop.
The foregoing shows that the food
OF the California woodpecker is not OF
much economic importance. y does
not prey extensively upon the prod
ucts Of industry, except occasionally
upon almonds, and its insect diet con
tains practically no useful species. Its
worst sin is its propensity to puncture
the cornices and castings OF buildings
and telegraph and telephone poles in
order to store its nuts for winter use.
This is a serious injury and will iusti.
fly the destruction of the bird II no
other remedy can be devised.
The red-bellied woodpecker ranges
over the United States as far west as
central Texas and eastern Colorado.
md as far north as New York, Mich
igan and southern Minnesota. II is
rather more OF forest bird than some
of the other woodpeckers. but 1t is fire.
qucu;ly seen in thinly timbered coun-
try.
In Florida the bird has been OBJ
served TO eat oranges TO an injurious
extent. II attacks over-ripe fruit and
picks holes in it and sometimes COM
pletely devours it. The fruit selected
is that which is dead ripe. so it is not
often that the damage from this
source is serious. The bird also some
times attacks the trunks of orange
trees, as we'll as others, and does some
harm.
For investigation of the food of the
red-bellied woodpecker 271 stomaces
were available. The food was found
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

the tree may only be lowered. or
branches here and there may be
killed. Whe& the injury is more ex-
tensive. as II often is. the tree may
be completely girdied, and OF course
dies. Holes made by sapsuckers go
clear through the bark and often in
the wood. Sapsucker picking dishg-
ures ornamental trees. giving rise to
pitch streams. gummy eAeresences.
and deformities OF the trunks. Small
fruit trees. especially apple. are often
killed. and whole orchards have been
destroyed by these birds. Sapsuckers
are known to attack no fewer .han
25s kinds OF trees. shrubs, and vines
in the United States. So of which are
often seriously injured and 80 have
been killed.
Hickory trees are favorites of the
sapsucker. and il is estimated that
the annual loss on hickory alone from
this cause is about 100000. II mas
been found that sapsucker work I'M
fits for use such important ornamental
woods as mahogany. black walnut.
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21
OPPOSE ROAD POSTERS
MOTORISTS MEET THEM VITA
VALID OBJECTION.
Apart FROM Their UnsiphtIiness They
Are q Menace to Tires OF the
Traveller.

The coming OF state fair week" IL
always accompanied by phenomena
more or less familiar to the citizens
of Indianapolis. But even weie all
other indications lacking, a resident of
the city would know with reasonable
certainty what is under way because
OF the large number of cards. posters
thoroughfares leading to the fair. Year
after year the same procedure is fol-
lowed. Private firms and political as
pirants are the principal offenders. OF
many hues and types, these cards lit
orally plaster the public service poles.
and the distributors, eager to get rid
Of as many as possible in a short time,
sometimes intrude on private prop
erty.
Some day every city may have to
stop the practice Of plastering tele-
phone poles, trees. posts, fences and
buildings with advertisements. the In
dianapolis News says. A few states
have already taken action in this d.
rection. 1t is OF interest to learn that
motoring clubs in Pennsylvania SO
prodded the legislature that a state
law was passed forbidding the posting
Of advertisements along state high
ways. There are many sucn roads in
Pennsylvania-all OF them heavily
travelled. Up to the time the law went
into effect they were lined from end to
end with an assortment of billboards,
tin placards, posters and cards. The
last were especially numerous.
The Pennsylvania motorists opposed
card advertising for two reasons-uit-
sightliness and danger. These cards
after few rains, are blown down, Oft
en- taking the tacks with them. Every
motorist knows what tacks may do to
his tires. Opposition because of ugli-
ness is also increasing. Lettered high.
ways and landscapes blotched with
billboards are offensive to the eye and
destroy the pleasure of travel.
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

when the clutch is disengaged the hub
will make contact with the pad.
In installing clutch stop first as
certain how far back the clutch goes.
This can be determined by disengag-
ing the clutch and noting the dis
lance. Mark the place and allow
little space between the point and the
pad OF the stop.
II the stop be made adjustable, as
suggested, it will be q simple matter
to set it so that the desired results
will be obtained. The stop should
so operate that the spinning will be
slowed down, not wholly stopped A
little practice after fitting the stop
will enable the operator to feel the
stop when the clutch makes contact.
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

modern conveniences have come into
general use.
The modern idea OF a practical kitch-
en- is compactness rather than size.
A little modern kitchen like this saves
miles OF walking Cooking and meal
serving can be done so much quicker
when the tools are all kept within easy
reach of the one doing the work. The
pantry is placed between the kitchen
and dining room, but il is not neces-
sary to go through the pantry in pass
ing from one room to the other. The
entrance to the cellar has the same
convenience of access as the entrance
to the pantry.
House repair work shows that the
greatest wear on the floors is between
the stove, the sink. the pantry and
the cellarway. Starting with these data
architects have labored to reduce
these lines Of travel to the shortest
possible dimensions and at the same
time crowd all of the necessary con.
veniences into this restricted space.
The finish of a modern kitchen is
designed and carried out as carefully
as the finish of any other part of the
house Modern kitchens are made as
light and attractive as possible. Very
often the woodwork is finished in white
enamel and the walls are made white
and washable. Wall paper has no
place in a modern kitchen. The wall
must have a hard, glossy, sanitary
finish and there must be no cracks
large enough to admit little red ants
or insects of any other dimensions.
Not only the comfort of the house
wife. but the health Of the family, de-
ponds on kitchen sanitation. The first
law of sanitation is light and sunshine
although cleanliness really is a part
Of this first rule. When a kitchen lie
made light, the walls and ceiling hard
and washable with a weillaid hard.
wood floor. then cleanliness follows
easily.
The laundry in this plan is under
the kitchen and there is an outside
cellarway for convenience on wash
days. Every housekeeper is particu
lar to have the clothes hung outdoors
when weather will permit. The out
side cellarway. in combination with s
good outside clothesline, means s
great deal in helping to produce snowy
white linen.
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

no more time.
The dynamo. switchboard and bat
terry are shipped ready to set up. In
most cases. good electrician should
be secured to install the dynamo and
cells and do the wiring.
"A ten-ampere battery will operate
all the lights required for a seven or
eight-room house, as well as lights for
the outbuildings. In addition. a small
vacuum cleaner, electric toaster,
wringer, washing machine. sewing
machine. fan or electric iron can be
used.
The farmer, after determining the
in each room. must estimate the num-
Der of hours they will burn in the
morning and evening. These figures
can be obtained from the number of
hours that artificial light is used now.
The average house with seven
rooms. cellars and closets, should burn
less than three hundred watts a week.
The storage battery of ten-ampere
outfit will produce three hundred
watts without recharging. 1t takes
eight hours to charge the battery after
it has ben discharged. completely.
The cost OF wiring the house will
vary between forty and one hundred
dollars, depending upon the amount
and grade of wiring and the fixtures
used. A house can be wired cheaper
when it is teing built than at any
other time. The cost Of upkeep is
slight"
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

white oak, yellow poplar. chestnut.
cherry, sweet gum and hard maple:
that it seriously blemishes woods
priced for peculiar qualities. such -
ash. Eastwood, cypress. red cedar. hol-
ly. buckeye, and dogwood. and that
it sometimes destroys the value Of
wood even for heavy construction, as
southern Eastwood, spruce and west
ern hemlock. 1t is evident that sap
suckers do not deserve protection.
The yellow-bellied sapsucker is the
only woodpecker having the front of
the head-from bill to crown-red in
combination with a black patch on
the breast. The red-breasted sap
sucker is the only woodpecker that
has the whole head and throat red
Great care should be taken to dis
tinguish sapsuckers from woodpeck-
ers.
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21
Cottage That Has Every Requi-
site for Health and Com
fort OF Inmates.
PLANNED IN BUNGALOW STYLE
Living Room, Dining Room and kiteh-
en- All on the Sunny Side Of the
House - Interesting Features
That viii Appeal 10 the
Housewife.
BY WILLIAM A. RAoFoRp.

Mr.. William A. Radford will answe'
questions and give advice FREE OF
COST on all subjects pertaining TO tn,
subject of building. for the readers OF this
paper. On account of his wide experience
as Editor Author and Manufacturer, he
Is, without doubt. the highest authority
on all these subjects. Address all inquiries
to William A Radford, No. 1897 Prairie
avenue, Chicago, Ill. and only enclose
two-cent stamp for reply.
In the East the word cottage gener-
ally means a one-story house with a
hip roof of rather low pitch.
II is a popular way to build a small
house at reasonable cost. and at the
same time 10 incorporate sufficient
tone to command respect.
The accompanying perspective and
floor plan shows this type of house
built for a rather narrow lot, so that
the dimensions are somewhat different
from the eastern type.
This design shows a very pleasing
approach from the street. The broad
concrete walk and front steps leading
to the wide front door all combine to
present a liberal invitation TO friends
and acquaintances with the suggestion
that a sociable latch string hangs out.
Instead OF building a veranda clear
across the front of the house, as for
merly, the fashion now leans in favor
Of sun parlors. The idea seems to
be that a porch or veranda is COM
Portable and useful in summertime
only, and then comfort is frequently
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

More farmers should investigate
the possibilities of having their own
electric plants for furnishing light and
power. According to L. T. Perrill OF
Kansas. farmers will shortly be as
much interested in lighting plants as
they are now in automobiles. This is
demonstrated by the fact that at a re-
cent state farmers institute in Kan
sas more than 400 farmers inspected
an electric plant and were much in
terested in its operation.
Mr.. Perrill continues: THE COM
mon rural lighting outfit offered for
sale includes a dynamo to generate
the electricity. a gasoline engine to
run the dynamo. a switchboard, and a
storage battery to store electrical en-
ergy to be used by the lamps and
small motors without running the en-
CINE. A good. complete system can
be purchased and installed for less
than $500, not much more than one
OF the dangerous gas plants costs.
This can be lowered II the farmer has
a gasoline engine or wires his house
himself. Electric lights will lower the
insurance rate.
"A one-horsepower engine, or an ad-
ditional horsepower to any engine,
will run a dynamo large enough for a
ten-ampere outfit. A ten-ampere out
fit is satisfactory for the average
farm. When the large power is to be
supplied by the gasoline engine. the
dynamo can be run at the same time,
requiring a little more gasoline. but
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

without the owner having to pump
himself into sweat. 1t is attached
to the wheel and the turning Of the
wheel initiates the tires, being changed
from one to the next until they are
all inflated. The device may be at
tached to the wheel at a moments
notice. and by running the machine
along little way the tire is inflated,
when the process may be repeated on
any or all Of the other tires. The
wheel may be lacked up in the garage
or run around the yard before start
ing, or used on the road, just as the
occasion demands, or the driver Wills
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21
TAKEN FROM EXCHANGES

New Zealand breeds between $4,000
900 and 24,O00. 900 sheep. of which
about % per cent are annually ex-
ported.
Dust is everywhere. but the worst
kind Of dust is that which is confined
within the four walls Of room. The
dust is always germ-laden. because II
is infested with effete matter thrown
of by human bodies.
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

tor 10 warm up the temperature when
the sun fails.
1t makes a sort of combination be-
tween a den, smoking room, lounging
room and a place where the good
housewife can entertain her dearest
enemy while they talk over the most
interesting gossip of the neighborhood.
This description does not encompass
the full value of this delightful an
mex to the living room When the
window flower box is tastefuliy
groomed with Towering plants it adds
at least one hundred dollars to the
appearance of the house. Also the
projection offers an excuse to plan
an artistic gable at this corner OF the
roof to relieve the monotony of the
plain pyramid such as ordinary hip
roofs present
The outside finish of this bungalow
ID weathered shingles. kind of siding
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21
A. the Soda Counter.

One of the recent inventions is .
mechanical tumbier washer which
meets a long-felt want at the soda
water fountain. where patrons have
grown tired OF seeing the just-used
tumbier swished around In q tank of
dirty water under the counter. and
then offered anew. The mechanical
washer consists OF a receptacle which
contains a rose-jet for cleaning the
inside Of the tumbler. while the out
side is cleaned by water issuing from
perforations in the outer wall of the
receptacle.
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21

Spain devotes 100000 acres 70
olives.
Trieste is the center Of the meer-
schaum pipe industry.
American mills yearly consume
5. 0Oo. 900 bales of cotton.
There are 81 400 passenger cars on
the railroads Of this country.
A deed to s7s.055 acres Of land .ss
recentlv fled in Dalhart. Tex
Tombstone epitaph. (Tombstone, Ariz.) 1887-current, 1915-11-21
Insulated Screwdrivers.

With the growing use of the high
tension ignition and starting systems
on automobiles the necessity of hav-
ing insulated tools has become daily
more evident. The most recent offer
ing along these lines is rubber han
died screwdriver, in which the cover
ing meets the blade flush, so that
there is no shoulder.-Scientific Amer.
lean