The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-08-03

a IL ha@ 0alNFd "A FSAE~ARa Oh
the tactics and strategy of war.
Aerial observers. flying over th. OPP
posing lines. are able 10 discover
movements Of any larger bodies of
troops. rendering hat form II STRAIT
egg based on surprise attacks or Quich
movements in force Impossible. Ae-
roplanes also have been Of great value
in locating enemy positions. enabling
the artillery to get the range and hre
accurately on the unseen foe
Diriglble balloons also are employ
ed. but to a much less extent. although
Germany still IL constructing Zsppe-
Inns and has used them effectively for
long distance raids they are generally
regarded az less aluabie than the
aeroplanes-
Automobiles are used To an norm
Gus extent, all private machines being
reQuisitioned in some OF the countries
at war. In some instances great num-
bers OF automobiles have been utilized
for "a pid ira nsportation Of troops.
Their main service however. IL in the
handling of food supplies and ammu-
milton. automobiles. armed
with machine guns or light field pieces
also have been utilized.
Many new weapons of war have
been tested with varying degrees Of
success Poisonous gasses. projected
from tanks in the trenches. are re
ported to have nabled their users to
capture opposing positions in several
minor engagements. Steel darts and
incendiary bombs dropped from aero
planes, and new types of hand gren-
AIDES also have been employed. while
in France both sides are said to have
made use of apparatus for spraying
burning oil.
The political effects of the war. tire
as they must be, cannot yet
be gagged. The principal result thus
far is the definite uptur of the tradi-
ION liz orr ~ xvii ~ ia. Lh.
rope for years into two alliances with
a theoretical balance of power: Great
Britain, France and Russia. forming
the Triple Entente and Germany, Aus
tria-Hungary and Italy, constituting
4 the Triple Alliance.
From the day Austria-Hungar be
/ came involved in serious difficulties
: with Serbia there was little doubt Ger
] many would supper her ally in case
e Russia adhered to her traditional pol
: icy of defending her Slavic kinsnen in
the balkans The entrance in the war
of France followed as d natural Sc
quence to her alliance with Russia
and Great Britain joined in after Ger
many's invasion of Belgium.
Italy was thus the oniy one of the
is six nations concerned in the two al
liances which was not involved at the
Y outset. Proclaiming her neutrality.
It she utilized the opportunity to seek
n from Austria the territory to the north
II of her border which she has long de
4 tired. Failing to obtain full salts
it faction of her demands she
l. the Triple Alliance snd Joined the Al
lies. The Triple Entente was thus
&c converted into the Quadruple Entente
it is sometimes called now.
At Turkey Helping Teutons.
re Germany and AuStria-Hungary
were strengthened by the adhesion OF
f. Turkey to the informal alliance with
" Germany which had sprung up in re-
" cent years and in November Turkey
d entered the war Montenegro took uE
Sc arms with the Serbs, and Belgium, OF
i being invaded. Joined the Allies. ia
OF pan. Great Britain'S ally in the East
k opened war on Germany. following
Berlin'S refusal to surrender Using
as tau. There are thus eleven nation,
to now at war. of which eight form wha'
he are known as the Allies.
ne Historians are agreed that the as
sassination of the Austrian Archduk'
ne Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo. Bosnis
n on June IS, 1914, while the imme
is date cause Of the war, was not tn
or determining influence. Europe ha,
he been on the edge of the precipice 70
a decade. Perhaps the chief underly
ing factor was the development of tn
national idea, demanding that pOliti
cal divisions should be made to cor
tie respond with the territory nhabite
of by the various peoples Of Europe; tia
G.. each people, with common ianguag
Die and customs, should have political in
his dependence and a place in the sun.
The struggle to attain this end keL
Europe in political turmoil. Franc
I'D aSpired for Alsace and Torrance, ltal
rts for Triest and the TrentIno, populate
largely by Italians, Serbia for Bosnia
h Rumania for Pennsylvania and Bes
ost sarabia. Austria-Hungary. with
"a whose boundary is a complexity {
lie, races with varying claims and aspira
,Se tons, was particularly menaced by tn
growth of this idea. and it was on
Der phase of this agltahon-Serbia's III
til sire for Bosnia-which brought on th
A crisis. The same motive brought
BILE Montenegro and Italy. and influence
ill Russia and France TO go 10 war.
to The growth of the national ids