davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07

Golden Fleece were Slavs. as were the
men OF the Baltic with whom Phpni-
clans and Greeks traded for amber.
The forest lands Of the north. that
gray home of magic. wisdom and valor.
hang like a dark background fun Of
strange possibilities behind sunny
Greece m clear headed, practical
Homeland this was the empire OF the
Slavs in the past. the Gardariki and
lotunheim tgiant land) Of the Morse
men. From one century to another
they played a part OF increasing i'm
portance among the peoples of central
and eastern Europe and were feared
as a strong. homogeneous race. Their
power reached its zenith toward the
end OF the nth century before the
tidal wave of the Hun invasion swept
over Europe. At that time they held
the mastery from the Alps to the
mouth OF the Elbe and from the Bal
tic to the Black Sea. They were then
n great people divided into several
tribes speaking slightly differing dia-
lects; but only a fraction OF their num-
Der. the inhabitants Of the present
Dalmatia. was subject to the Emperor
Nepps. The invasion of the Avlrs.
who took possession OF a large strip
OF Slav possessions between the
Danube and the Dniester. made the
first breach in the unity of the great
Slav family. Ilenceforth they were
known as northern. eastern and
southern Slavs and began to form
separate na%tionalities. In the age of
Charlemagne these nationa.ities had
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07
'SlaV Race Forms a
Family of Nations
Writer Corrects a misunderstanding and Tells the Story
of a People Who Once Were Masters
of a Great Empire

dry grass OF the steppe as from the
Crimean groves of syringa.
The Russian soil Is fertile. mex
haustivcly fertile. as II 1t were con-
scious of the millions dependent upon
it. Metaphorically speaking, this soil
produces its gifts out of itself and
offers them lavishly to it's children.
The Russian never works more than
he is obliged to; he need not wrestle
with the soil, he need only not forget
II. But he tills 1t with love; he does
not force the gifts Of nature. he coaxes
them from her. and where these fruits
do not appear on the surface he seeks
then in the heart of the earth and
goes down the coal shafts and lead
mines with the same serene confidence
with which he ploughs the sunlit sur
face. IL he not still with his 'little
mother?
The Russian IL n farmer by nature.
The great industrial developments OF
the last decades have resulted auto
matically from the natural wealth Of
the country. but the true Russian
reaps little benefit from this industrial
boom. His commercial gifts are not
great. and he has becn content to leave
the business exploitation Of the coun-
try in the hands of foreigners so long
as he makes MS own little profit. Mills
and factories are German monsters
in his eyes. and he prefers to give
them a wide berth. But latterly there
has been IA great agitation in favor
of the resuscitation of all home in
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07


iI'SS"''. a.. "S "I'S'l'H PYPu'a'.""
ny NV Turns "'EH' p''"E "p""l '""
''"'i'''l' "'S"PP"''""'' q. ."' ''''-
"l'' r'HhI'I'' eve" III ASH. Is "
i.''''ha' '"''N' ""'i'aS' II ii"'' Pf"-
u'hl course Is pursued the HIl'S may
see 'H'lr way l" TAKE par III me '"h-
~''"u"'iuh ana preservation Oh i"rNeS'
as no longer a European nut as u
purely Hsla'!' State'
PV'' ''" '''i
'""' " 49, y" - ~
~ ~
'' ~ "'''t'''' Il"
S'A,H'"'' - "o"t" w. uVP,o''''r . '"'
'hs'"H.'' any "' we '"'''S" sun WIZ
10 S'''h" ana 10 'P|thp'c mo ""Sl IN
Mosque "l - S'ph'i. WHICH, ""Il' III
l"e SIAlh century Z" our CT" a. "
htSIll'h hN JHS'lhldh lhr urea. liS
Tor the last thlileth HNhdT'd years
been r"Etidcd AS on" OF IN" seven
ondcrS OF tine World assured
every effort VIII ne mad" ny the BRUSH
summers 10 spare this marvellous me-
mortal NJ 'arly christianity.
There Will be no intentional Smelling
th.r,nr such ns that az which the
German artillery rendered its,lf Guilty.
IN bnmbordipr the beautiful and an
ri.nt CATHEDRAL ~ Rheims in France
n,, nm tho cit, ~ onstontinonIo
utII s"r.r soma ,rinry - tho Allies
ava r,r,od I'm sho,I ~ en- ordar :, com
w., -, surrordnr /, ,,racono cor-
',, ani ~ 10 n,',a or the carI.
th,t Iortion ,r Tins So beautiful
m-ctrop,is may M. reduced 10 ruin be-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07
Constantinople Problem
About to Be Solved?
Of Turkish City Has Been Discussed for
Centuries by Greatest Statesmen of Europe-No I'M
mediate Prospect of the Restoration of the Cross

reached by the allied Powers, assuring
Russia of free access TO the Mcditer-
ranean from the Black SEA, there is no
intention OF turning owe to her tho
possession of Cunstant.nople. 1t would
I've Idle To deny that this intimation
must come as a cruel disappointment
to the Russians. and cannot fail to
subject their alliance with Great
Britain and France to a very serious
strain. all the more a. their own For
days previously IN a sp cCh in the
Duma AZ rotrograd, managed to con-
vey the Inference tn the national Leg
islaturc that the Muscovitc dream "
raising the douhi" mead u eagle lag
on the walls uf Constantinople and of
the substitution uf the GRO s-the Rus
sian orthodox cross-in the place Of
the crescent on the dome ot 81. sophia
was on The eve OF realization.
II is to IN "A measure the
irritation II the Russian people In this
connection that the car has been in
vitcd by England and France to send
warships {. join the allied naval forces
In the DardaGcllts. ana thus To- take
part in the captdr' of S'amboul. a
solitary Muscuv.t" cruiser. the Askold.
reached the D~aIdauc,lc. on Thursday
last aud took - place IN the fleet
under Admiral Slckvilic Gardens com
mand But jh.s does not prevent the
Russians from feeling extremely sore
Ut III" idea that Great Britain should
be playing the dominant role in the
seizure # Constantinopic and that its
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07
THE SUN, SUNDAY, MARCH z, 1915.

over the boundary. or purposely let his
cattle stray into his meadow, then the
Serb becomes fierce, wrathful and un-
forgivlng.
All ! have said about SerVa APP
plies equally to Montenegro. The ma
ions are n and the same: they are
identical in every respect and only
geographically divided. Montenegro
Is the Servian advance guard on the
Adriatlc. 1t is the eagles nest Of Eu-
rope. the Hottest symbol of freedom
and ind pendence. Nature herself has
given the people an impregnable for
tress. and placed in their hands the
keys OF southern Siav liberty. From
the height Of the barren Black
Mountains the valiant high spirited
Montenegro has looked down for CEN
turtles OF the rise and fall of his kins-
men all around him. In all the TRACE
dies tnat have passed in the shadow
Of his eyre h. has played his part,
both as %daunt!ess warrior and the bard
of freedom who from his mountain
heights sang the song of the future
20 his enslaved brothers. The Monte
negrin mas always been the same. In
WV nv Nv - a. w. ~ Ai'i'o "
peace a shepherd armed to the teeth.
lie is i~nsepardble from his weapons.
but only uses them against his enc
mics. Though his aspect Is martial
and his glance fierce, ne bears a
kindly, lovable heart. Comparing his
outward appearance with his soul. one
might call him "A lion with the heart
of a dove. y friend. whoever he may
b.. Is welcomed with open arms, and
MS rough. powerful hand can he
gently Caressing as a childs But an
enemy viii b" crushed 10y It's weight.
for the M~onten"grin hates his foe.
hates him ~passionately. f~ercely and
implacably. and he is ever on the
watch FOR him. Even At tender age
the children are dcckcd with weapons
and have TO learn the ,.o of them
under the EYES Of their .idors. Ana
In" enemy Is always e. "Sthwabu''
TIL" women are just tS efficiently
trained - arms as the men, and il
has often happened That the Mont o
n"-r.n ama2ons played a decisive
part in warfare, ana when weapons
were scare the womon rolled mighty
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07

rocks from the heights down upon
IN IT. enemies. Fighting is a grim
pleasure 10 the Montcncgr.n IN wal
time and MIS- recreation in times "t
peace. Whoever has travelled IN the
N~uUtorcGrin mountains cannot fa!l
often To- hay" noticed two goatherds
in the midst Of their herds, fencing
with Their "~handzars' Uhe Shcathlcss
Sc.m.tar Of the Montencgr!nsJ and not
FAR on two goat girls similarly en-
gagged.
E~thnoluglca,ly speaking. the lnhahi-
tants uf all these countries form on
people AID are a brother nation to
the Serbs in the KINGDOMS of Serbia
and Montenegro. Their language,
customs. historical past and achieve
mcnts in art, science and literature
are identical. Tile sole difference Inc
tween them is that the Cruats and
SiuVtues are Catholics. whIe par; uf
the inhabitants of Bosnia are Mpham-
mcdans. Those cunfcsSluy the Serbu-
orthodox faith ,mure than a third OF
the puuu,ItiOIl also ~ 10 the ma
tional name and cal, themselves Serbs,
This compact ana HOMOGENEOUS ma
tiunal body would certainly have he
come Il most important factor in the
monarchy had they not beer cut n
two by administrative policy. Here as
elsewhere throughout all her domir-
ions Austria has applied her principe
Of dividing and dsmcmhcring, and the
southern SlaV provinces We're shared
between two spheres of power. 'roa-
tia and SlaVorIa We're allotted to the
Hungarian: CarnIola. Da,mltia and
lstria To the Austrian sphere, and q
mixed Austrian and ~liuuEorlIn adj
ministratluu was introduced in HosHii
and Herzegovina. This system made
a unanimous political rally Of the
southern Slavs quite imposs b!" and
provided German ana Magyar propa-
eanda with a more manageable ho!d
az operations, H. both spheres unro-
hitting efforts We're devoted 10 tho
task Of elm mating the southern SltN
cement. sitting SHAY Thought nud
transforming IN, Slays INTO slaves liut
the southern SldV is endowed lu uu-
| usual tcuaclty, the most Jealous "f-
| forts on the part Of the Government
were frustrated by ms doggnn res s.
lance, and they merely defeated then
own ends. German 'kultur' and Mag
var lack of cultur" were he'd iu equal
illumination hy the Slav nations upon
whom they Wcr" to be 'n'.rt"d an
the ruthless spuliation to which they
were likewise subjected ergond"rcd Il
deep seated amnesty. The northern
SlaNs, who possess more practica'
business capacity than the southern
id not allow themselves To b. eco-
nOmiCally strang.od, and even con
trivcd TO hold their own IN this re-
speCt; VIII rcas the southern Slavs
being mainly an agricultural peopl"
found Themselves the helpless victims
OF Austrian and Hungarian rapacity
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07

He is "A dreamer and visionary who
%prostrates himself before an invisible
shrine and awaits the miracle of sal
walton and liberation. This life of
dreams has endowed the modern Pole
with representative nerves, d|oginatiC
onesidedness and extreme p%asslvity.
Lost in the contemplation Of their
royal past. the Polish people wait in
GREATNESS silence for the first bird
note to herald the dawn of freedom
that shall dispel the night OF tribula-
ton.
Although 1t is asserted on historical
grounds that the Bu,garinns are a
mixed race. and merely "Slavicized
by the influence of neighboring Slav
races. they certainly ought to be In
cluded In the great Slav family. In
many ways they have always held
sloof from the Slav Ideal, ana EN-
phatically preferred to stand alone,
but. nevertheless. they have done
great service To the Slav cause in the
past, and often fought for 1t with true
enthusiasm. In tho early days Of
Christianity the Bulgarians also did
much for Slav culture through the
fbOSumlll "a sect OF re1OrtneTS WHICH
VIII be dealt with IN the chapter on the
southern Slavs), who spread religious
enlightenment. and through the old
bulgarian tongue laid the foundation
OF the other Slav languages. The Bull
gdrlans, who were nee masters OF a
great empire and enjoyed worldwide
Importance under Simeon the Great
had TO share the a%ge-long tragedy of
all the eastern Slavs, and 1 speaks
| volumes for their national character
that they emerged from Turkish bond
age as a strong. self-reliant people"
Whoever knows the Buigarians well
cannot fail TO respect them. oven Il
they do not inspire great affection. !
bel eve "a a race they are not afec-
tionate-they prefer 20 command re-
spect. TIL gentle. dreamy, love cray
ing element IN the character OF the
other Slavs Is quite absent in them,
and even thci- fire and enthusiasm :
not a matter Of sentiment. but "A prac-
tical nee ssity-almost a matter OF
mathematical calculation. Industrious
and thrifty a. no other S,av nation
cold bloodcd and c%alculat.ng, they
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07

everything that can be taken as =
proof Of saVdgery and arrested de-
telopm NJ, Unfortunately no one has
Written at such length about the Slav
question ar attached SO much I'M
ppriance to u as the German scholars,
VIII the result that other European
nations Aaye derived their views from
ihem-sO much SO that 6nc might al
most say that German op in on h
S.ayS has become the opinion OF Flu
rope. Constant unrest in Russia and
me consequent reprIsalS of the au-
'iAoi.t."s afforded n welcome preteyt
for m!sjudatag the Slavs, and the or
dnary pubic OF Europe came To know
OF them only as medieval inquis.tors.
Nlil siberia as their great torture
Gambler. NJ one seemed to realize
thai these evolutionary movements,
~ hess than the lnsurroCtions IN other
say Countries, merely represented the
I''.s'an'e OF a V!rile people craving
~ 3''rnu"nt against autoCratic bar
oarlsm, an! that It Is obviously un-
lar to Jl 90 H." Slavs by the deeds
ar tae.r 'itIcSsors, who in every case
h1'" f".uvod the German methods
cultivated - their governments in
most STAY countries and imported into
H'sSa by Peter the Great. ON the
other hand II the Slav nations are
.-Isod ty the soul of the people and
l"t by their rulers and state systems
."'y show a high standard Of civiliza-
40" ana a trend toward culture of n
hh4ly. humanitarian type, which
PROMISES 10 b" a far better contribu-
ION lo western European progress
nan 80" much advertised German
'K.l'lr
certainly the Slays have not yet at
'''i'I 10 iholr fun stature as a race.
".'' tt iu"y are passing through a
I''.l y strong terment, but the wine
Ha- So far resulted from this
'''ti' 'fc' excellent ground for the
't' '.. wlen the Slavs have solved
''I..us national and economic
'.''.' '.uN Will prove themselves
90 'H.' .! The other cultured ma
'.S - ..' w lid.
.. present oiis,S the slav race -
- "' 'n'Iu- -otN.uE "a return to the
I@ Tar pas, has seen the S.ays
masters or ID great empire and n real
"''1. '' oh" rest Of the world, ~ one
'''' '' ''r' ''o political map of liu-
r' ft.. tl .I.' upon il the frontiers
aH..'.' SAY empire the S,ay
100 """.' appear Ike an irresistible
N'''-' t.. hug" Muscovite empire
''"'.' ..r whole ~ Austria-IIungary
we 1871. .' ~ ga, Bilkans. tWo-thirds OF
'''ia'n empire, part OF Italy and
'"'+' natl : Seand!navia--all these
.'' ''iW'i il~ Slav empire. IliF-
u 4" jS show the single triuIn
l''.' word Saws" r'famou," or "glo.
''. "h'.j lu-crihrd over al these
.~.ruughout the centuries
,'I story ana development can b'
N1,'. bark 20 400 u. G.
I'LL" Talrians that guarded thu
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07
By T.. JNLIEFE-OwEN

TO city in the world constitutes so
~ difficult a problem as CONSTANT
= Y nople. Since near five centuries
ago its ultimate disposition has
engaged the attention Of the mightiest
rulers and the greatest statesmen of
Europe.
Popes Sixtus V, Plus V. and Leo X. &,
Kings Francis / and Henry " of
France, Peter the Great. Catherine the
Great, Cars Alexander l.. Nicholas |.
and Alexander IL Of Russia, Napoleon |.
and Napoleon Ill. Empcror- Maxi
milan | and Joseph II. of Germany
and well nigh every British ruler acc
the days OF Queen Elizabeth have had
the matter under discussion Bismarck
refers to il in his Memoirs
II finds a notable place in the rcmi-
ni~ccnccs and biographies of most Of
those Ministers Of state who have been
called upon to play "A role in the history
of the eighteenth and nineteenth cen
turtles and many years ago IT formed
the theme o! a curious work. a sort of
compilation of the various -ch"in, Is
suggested for dealing with the quos-
ton. entitled Gent manlrr"- d'accuin-
mod.r les lures" "a hundred different
ways Of di-hing up the Turks. For
naturally every of th"s" PROJECTS
involved TIA" transfer of the seat of ~"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07
-O correct misunderstanding con-
corning III Slav race gen
orally and the Slar nation in
particular is the task Srgjan

"O correct mlSunue con-
corning tn Slav race gem
orally and the Slar nation in
particular is the task Srgjan
pl Tuclc has set himself in a book
INST published hy the George II Doran
company. It is a timely contribution
to political history.
Although the Slav ace. says the
author dos lot appear as a united
state or union. il certainly forms a
family Of nations linked by ties Of
blood. the tradition OF centuries. SINH
lar gua and customs. and espe-
dally by ties Of mutual love and SYM
nathv. II Is the greatest and most
powerful of the European races. yet
IN this dag it does not hold the pride
Of place which is It's due and which
II once held. Not the precedence Of
mere strength, which is surely sufii-
GENTLY represented bv Russia, but the
MACE due To "A people Of recognized
culture. who have not VT been justly
appreciated in spite Of overwhelming
proof Of their intellectual gifts. Slavs
are still popularity supposed to he a
mentally undeNeloped host of semi
barbarians and troglodytes. OF curse
the educated public Of Europe has
long abandoned this attitude; but 1t
has done little to spread a more just
and liberal view among the people at
large. The German scholars made
It their business to lay stress or "Slav
barbar.sm" wherever possible. to OBJ
sour the bright and glorious pages
in Slav history. and to emphasize
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-07

TO city in the world constitutes so
difficult a problem as CONSTANT
Y nople. Since near five centuries
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-26
DEATH DELEGATES
SING SINGS POOL
Prisoner Had One Year to
Serve-Six DrOwnirgS
DAVIS Toll.

Richard Desilva. one of the first
prisoners to make use of the new
swimming pool at Sing Sing, was
drowned Yesterday. During the ball
game Desilva and five others got
passes from William Willett, ir., man
ager of the pool. TO leave the prison
for a swim. The others noticed that
Desilva was not in sight when they
were ready TO come out. They re-
covered his body by diving in fifteen
feet of water They heard no calls
for help and had no idea what caused
the accident.
Although the formal opening of the
pool was on Friday. Yesterday was the
first dav passes were issued for il. The
pool is a short distance outside the
prison walls. Desilva had served four
years of five year term for assault.
Charles Ferguson. one of the guards,
jumped into catamaran and rowed
out to Gerson. bringing him to shore
half drowned. lie was taken to Rock
away Beach Hospital and will be out
in two or three DAYS. His home is at
$40 West 18th Street.
Arthur Starr was drowned in the
Harlem River yesterday afternoon,
when his fancee, Anna Russell. a
teacher in the Manhattan Training
School. attempted TO change places
with her sister. Della. in the boat in
which the three were rowing. The
craft capsiZed, and Starr. who could not
swim, sank at once. Anna held her
sister up until the pair were pulled
into the launch Albatross. Men who
had witnessed the accident dived for
STAIRS body and brought it to the
surface after a half hours search.
Arthur Samuels, of Norman Street.
Evergreens, Queens. went bathing from
bungalow owned by a club of which
he was a member. in Hawtree Creek,
Ramblersvile. He was seized with a
cramp and was drowned.
At the Rockaways two narrowly es-
capped drowning. Solomon Gerson, of
$40 West 157th Street, went out be-
yOnd his depth at Arverne, and was
exhausted when a lifeguard, answering
his cries, reached him. Louis Ginnia,
forty years old. of 1864 Washington
Avenue, while at Rockaway Beach, had
a similar experience.
Trenton, n. j., July 25.-A canoe in
which three young men were padding
upset this afternoon in Sanhican
Creek and one of them, Louis Orliess,
nineteen, of 622 South Warren Street,
Trenton, was drowned. The body was
recovered.
John Brimska. fifteen, of 213 Suy-
dam Avenue, Jersey City. was drowned
IN New York Bay yesterday afternoon
while in bathing off Communipaw
Avenue. The body was not recovered.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-26
BARS SAN FRANCISCO
SUIT AT BRIGHTON
Fair Wearers Protest, but Are
Forced to Don More of Bath
ing Costume.

The San Francisco suit was barred
at the Brighton Baths yesterday, and
fifteen women were asked to add some
thing to their costumes. There were
protestations, but the management was
firm. Several of those who wore the
censored garments compromised by
draping towels from their waists. They
were permitted to remain on the beach
and in the circular pool. Others left,
Indignantly calling attention to the
fact that there were many suits on the
beach and in the pool that displayed
the form to a greater extent than the
ones they were wearing.
The objection 10 the San Francisco
suit is that it is a jersey effect from
any part of the shoulders it may hap
pen to commence to the waist. Below
that there is a flicker of a skirt 1t is
so close to one-piece suit that there
Is no difference to the inexpert eye.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-07-26
MAYOR WARNED
OF FIRE PERILS
In OLD SUBWAY
Commissioner AdamsOn
Calls for Removal OF
Wood from Tube.
STATIONS USED
FOR OIL STORAGE
Fireproof Wiring, Alarm Sys.
tenn and Other Reforms Rec
commended in Report.

An increasing frequency OF fres IN
the subway and dangerous conditions
created by bad fireprooting methods TO-
oether with the presence OF large
amount of infammable materials, are
two main features of conditions IN the
system pointed out in a report Med
with Mayor Mitchell by Robert Adam
son. Fire Commissioner, and made pub
lie yesterday.
The report is based on an investiga-
tion made at the request Of the Mayor
following the fire of January 6, when
one woman was killed and many per-
sons suffocated. The amount OF nom
fireproof insulation, the report says,
indicated the possibility of disastrous
fire in the subway, showing bad plan
ming and poor workmanship.
Since the beginning Of subway opera
ton, says the body of the report, which
was prepared by special board, CON
sisting Of Chief John Kenlon, Putnam
A. Bates. chief of the bureau OF ire
alarm telegraph, and j. o. Hammitt'
chief of the bureau Of fire prevention.
there have been 102 fires and accidents
in the tunnels, necessitating the sum-
moning of the Fire Department.
a taDulatlOn OF lHesc CdllS' lHc
port continues, shows that they are oc-
curing with increasing frequency,
there being no calls in the first two
wears. only two in 1909, SIX in 1903,
four in 1906, four in 1907, three in
1908 and five in 1909.
In his report to the Mayor, Fire Com
missioner Adamson says that 1t was
shown that subway cables are not in
sulated according to modern tireproof-
ing methods. Also. he said, more fire.
ouent openings for emergency exits are
needed. He continues;
an addition to this, the investigators
found that far too much combustlble
material is permitted to accumulate
and be stored in the subway; that the
wooden cars, wooden third rail guards,
wooden ticket booths, wooden doors to
toilets and porters' rooms at stations.
wooden newsstands, etc, constitute
fire hazard that should not be allowed
in a structure through which so many
thousands pass daily.
at was found that considerable
quantities of gasolene, kerosene. lubri-
eating oil and other infammable
liquids are stored at points in the sub
way. Action to reduce the quantities
of these storages and to regulate the
conditions under which they are stored
has already been taken by this depart
ment"
At the 18th Street station buried
tank, holding 600 gallons of kerosene,