davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
STOMACH TROUBLE
FOR five YEARS

taking other medicines. decided to
take his advice, although did not have
any confidence in it.
] have now been taking Black Draught
for three months, and it has cured me-
haven't had those awful sick headaches
since began using it.
! am so thankful for what Black
Draught has done for me-"
Thedford's Black-Draught has been
found very valuable medicine for de-
rangements Of the stomach and liver. II
is composed of pure, vegetable herbs,
contains no dangerous ingredients, and
acts gently, yet surely. 1t can be freely
used by young and old, and should be
kept in every family chest.
Get package today.
Only quarter. LES
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
CHL0RoF0RM IN ELECTION.
It Acts In Manner That Surprises
tho Medical Experts.


Every now and then stories appear
about indiyiduals and even whole
households being chloroformed by en-
terprisng burglars. "A report Of that
kind in New York city induced the New
York Herald to interview a number Of
experts on tho subject with the result
of obtaining verdict that should ef.
fectively dispose Of that sort Of 6ction
for all time. but probably will not as
previous exposures have failed.
These medical witnesses pointed out
1t generally requires the undivided ut
tcntion Of two surgeons and several
nurses to induce willing patient to
yield to the fumes. If. 1t Is suggested.
the burglars have found Il more cXpe
ditious mode Of administration the
medical world would be glad to hear
of it. DR.. James j. Walsh, an authori
ty on anaesthesia. said that the uppli
cation Of a chloroform soaked cloth to
Il victims nostrils would produce q
burning sensation that would at once
arouse the sleeper.
DR.. j. IL. Gwathmcy. author of text
book on anaeSthcSia, said bluntly that
it Is not possible to chloroform grown
person while asleep. Another expert
said he could not see how person
could be nnacsthctizcd without realiz-
ing the fact and Instances q slight wo
man patient who required four at.
tcndants to hold her while being put
under the influence OF chloroform on
the operating table.
Tales OF wholesale chloroforming, eli
ther by saturated cloths or utomizcrs.
may therefore. I'm view Of this testi
mony, be relegntcd to the realm Of the
imaginary.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
CROSS HILL NEWS.

Cross Hill, May 3.-Mr. Arthur Lea
man has been right sick for several
days and is still but little improved.
We learn that Mr.. Richard Smith
lost fine mare a few days ago. This
makes several head which have died
in this section recently.
Mrs. Sophia Pinson is having her
dwelling rcmOdclcd and improved by
changing the front and enlarging the
plaza. Mr. Enoch Pinson has the
Supcrintcndcncy OF the work.
Mrs. Margaret Allison Of Madden
spent Sunday here with her Old
friend, Mrs. Martha Madden. 1t was
pleasure to see them meet and hear
them talk. Mrs. Allison came down in
the car with Mrs. j. a. Madden who
visited Mrs. w. p. Turner during the
day. Aunt Martha loves company
Notwithstanding her advanced age and
enjoys especially the visits of hcl
former acquaintances.
The schools at Longvcw, taught by
Miss Mary Boyd, and at Wade, taught
by Miss Dwight closed last Friday
Both of these have enjoyed successful
terms
\ number OF young people accom-.
paired by others as chapcrons enjoy.
cd pleasant picnic occasion at IIarri.
Springs Friday evening
Mr.. y. J. Coleman, who recently re,
turned from Spartanburg after a scri
Gus surgical operation, visited hi!
brother, Mr.. James Coleman, last Sat.
nrday. We are glad to know he has
recovered his former health
Showers of rain were passing ncal
sunday evening but it was very ligh
in town.
Or. G. T.. Klugh attended court a lar
! OF last week as a witness.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
Majority Of Friends Thought MIR.
Hughes Would Die, But
One Helped Him to
Recovery.

Pomeroyton, Ky.---ln interesting ad-
vices from this place, Mr.. A. J. Hughes
writes as follows: 81 was down with
stomach trouble for five (5) years, and
would have sick headache so bad, al
times, that thought surely would die.
! tried different treatments, but they
did not seem TO do me any good.
! got SO bad, could not eat or sleep,
and all my friends, except one, thought |
would die. He advised me TO try
Ihedford's Black-Draught, and quit
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
Strength, Power Accomplishment arc ii Typifcd in 6

some blood disorders become dcoplv
rootcd IN the glands and tissues, and the
mistake is made of rcSorting to drastic
drugs These only aEgravatc by causing
other ana worse troubles. \ host of pco
Pie know this to be true. 'rhcy know
from painful experience
10 get right down into where the blood
Is Vitiated requires S. S. s. the greatest
blood purifier ever discovered
rms remarkable remedy contains ono
ihSrcuiehl the active purpose Of which is
10 simulate the tissues to the healthy
seiectlon OF It's own essential nutriment
ana me medicinal clements Of this match
less blood purlicr are just as essential to
wen balanced.health as the nutritious
elements of the meats, grains, fats a,,i
sugars of our daily food
not only this, but if from the presence
OF some disturbing poison there is n local
OF general interference of nutrition to
cause hoils, carbuncles. absccsscs and
klEGr"d troubles, S. S. S. so directs tho
t"|' Cells that this poison is rejected and
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
Homemade Silver Polish.

cleaner known. take bottle Of ammo.
MIA rs sold in most grocery stores,
and to this add two ounces Of whiting,
and just few drops Of oXnlic acid.
In this way you will procure for the
expenditure Of Is cents rs much Of
the best silver polish as can be pur-
chased for 81 in most Of the prominent
drug stores. This same polish Is so
cheap when homemade that the house.
wife will not find 1t too expensive to
use 1t in polishing all Of the cutlery
and also the brass doorknobs or any
other bright metal fixtures about the
house.-Nationa Magazine.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05

lonlal secretary Of Germany, who
spoke today, denied statement made
at last nights session of the Academy
that Germany had protested against
the right Of the United States to ship
arms to belligerents.
The effect of the war on financial
conditions was discussed in many
financial phases.
The meeting closed tonight with a
discussion of Americans possible con-
tribution to constructive peace. A
paper by G. Loves Dickinson, of
Kings College, England, was read, in
which he suggested that peace be cs-
tablished through the intervention OF
President Wilson.
paper prepared by James A. Far
rell, president of the United States
Steel Corporation, was read, in which
MI. Farrell wrote that the investment
OF capital in Central and Southern re-
publics is necessary to increase the
export trade Of this country. lie
warned against extension of excessive
credits to foreign commerce.
Mr. Louis Il. Corea, former minis
ter of Nicaragua to the United States
declared that if the United States
were to be involved in foreign wal
it would not be alone, for the Latin
American republics would, in his
opinion, demonstrate that the terri
tory OF this continent cannot be at
tackled with impunity."
"Thcsc republics" he said, would
manifest in no uncertain fashion their
Interpretation OF the Monroe doctrine
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
EXON NEWS.

*** = + y I.
EXON, May 3.-Wc had a severe
wind and hail storm in this section
Sunday night.
Little Ethel Elmdrc, daughter of
MIR. and Mrs Eugene lIlmorc, who has
been sick for several weeks, is not i'm
proving as rapidly as her friends
would like to see.
Several of our young people attend
cd the exhibition at Poplar Friday
night and report fine time.
Mr.. and Mrs. T. H. Burts spent sun
day with Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Y. Culbert-
son.
DR.. George Moore, Of Cuthbcrt, Ga,
has been on few days visit to his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. j. w. Moore.
Dr.. and Mrs. j. G.. Cooper spent
Saturday night with Mrs. Lou Cul-
bcrtson and daughter.
Mrs. Loretta Elledgc, Of the Poplar
section, is visiting relatives here.
Mr.. Edgar Burts and family spent
Sunday with Mr.. L. c. Culbcrtson and
family.
DR.. j. 0. Martin and daughter, Miss
Lille were the guests Of Mrs. Y. j.
Culbertson and family Sunday.
Miss Winona CLANCY spent the
Weekend with homefolks in Laurens.
Miss Myrtle Culbertson visited Miss
Gertrude Hamilton Sunday.
Mr.. Callie Culbcrtson and sisters,
Misses Eula and Minnie, were visitors
at the home Of Mr.. r.. J. Cooper Sun
day.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05

fancy It's chief purpose is to render the
tendons. ligamcnts and muscles 80 plant
plShcd without the intense strain so
often characteristic of tho period OF
expectancy.
At any rate It Is reasonable to believe
that since Mothers Friend" has been n
companion to motherhood for more than
nan Il century no moro timely advice
could be given the Inexperienced mother
than to suggest its daily use during cX-
pcctancy.
ASK at any drug store for "NIothcr's
FRIEND, II penetrating, external liquid
OF great help and value. And write to
Bradiicld Regulator Co.. 800 Lamar Bldg
Atlanta, Ga, for their book OF useful
and timely information to cxpcctant
mothers. 1t contains many suggestions
that are of interest to all women.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05

eliminated from their presence.
Ihen, too, S. S. S. has such specifio
stimulation on these local cells "a to pre-
serve their mutual welfare and a proper
fclatiVc assistance to each other
In very brief time S. s. S. has tho
rcconstructiVc process so under control
lhat remarkable changes are observed All
eruptiVc places heal. mysterious pains and
aches have disappeared, and from head to
foot there is Il conscious sensation of rc-
ncwcd health.
From tho fact that S. s. S. is purelv
botanical preparatioH 1t is accepted by
the weakest stomach tnd has great tonic
influence, Not ono drop of drugs or
numerals IS used in IT'S preparation. Ask
for S. S. S. and insist upon having it..
And If you desire skillful advice upon any
matter concerning tho blood and SIX
write to The Swift Specific Co., 2O5 Swift
i'ldg, Atlanta, Ga DO not allow some
Jealous clerk to larrup the atmosphere in
ciopucncc over something "Just as good'
as 81 5. 5, Beware of all countcrfeits.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
WARS FULL Effect
NOT YET FELT
So Declared Frank A. YandcrIip in
Discussing the Financial Aspect OF
the Situation.

SO Declared Frank \. Nandcrlip in
Discussing the Financial Aspect OF
the Situation.
Philadelphia, May 1.--Frank A..
Vanderlip, president Of the National
City Bank, New York, at today's ses-
sion Of the annual meeting of the
American Academy Of Political and
Social Science, declared the United
States had not yet felt the full finan-
cial effect of the European war He
said the imitation Of note issue and
the imitation Of credit in the European
countries at war had acted as a cush-
ion against the shock. He thought
the effect OIL the financial situation
would eventually be felt more seri-
ously than it is at present.
The present easy money situation in
the United States, according to II. w.
Lamont, of the Morgan banking firm
Of New York, was not due to cXccs-
sivc ination in Europe Mr.. Lamont,
speaking of the future of finance ar
ter the war, said
I'VE Shall see the spectacle Of the
business men of all nations paying to
one another their just debts. We shal
see finance standing ready to develop
new enterprises, to find money to till
new fields, 10 help rebuild broken
and wreck k-strcwn world"
DR.. Bernhard Dcrnbcrg, former CO.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
A Woman,s Strategy.

II once heard OF a sadly hcnpecled
man who made friends with mouse,
and by keeping the little animal al.
ways about him he contrlvcd to get the
upper hand"
~ strange story. How long did that
state of affairs continuer
"Only short while. The mans wife
introduced cat, and the moment tho
cat pounced on the mouse she pounced
on her husband" - Birmingham Age
Herald.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
Caro- Reuuired.

Good heavens" said the impatient
friend. "are you writing YETI Does it
take four pages to tell her you will see
her tomorrow nightT
NO" said the weary writer. "but 1t
tnkes eight pages to tell her can't
New York Times.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
Gattinu Aionn.

"Lemme see. how old is your daugh.
teri"
Il always have to stop and think.
Anyway, she must be getting On. Yes.
terday | heard her contemptnously re-
fer to the youngsters Mt nearby pre-
paratory school as parcel Of little
hoys."-Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
Wh0Opine Cough.

About year ago my three boys
mad whooping cough and found
Chamberlain's Cough Remedy the on
ly one that would relieve their cough
Ing and whooping spells. I continued
this treatment and was surprised to
ind that 1t cured the disease in a very
short time',writes Mrs. Archie Dali
irymple, Crooksyille, Ohio. For sale
by all dealers.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05

tcrnal application
sold in most drug
stores under tho
name of Mothers 3
Friend" 1t is q
penetrating liquid
ana many and many
q mother tells how
1t so wonderfully
aided them through
fhn rlns-l -
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
Tiqht.

Hes close flsted, isn't heT'
II should say he Is. Why. man, he
won't even give up any Of his bad
habits. ."-Detroit Free Press.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
Caught.

"How is 1t didn't see you at the
charity meeting last nightp'
1T was who passed the plate
aroundr'-~Judge
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05

Other men are lenses through whites,
we read 6us own iDinda. I. IMMERSION.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1915-05-05
Planning for the
StOrk's arrival

Among. those things which! all women
should know Of. and many OF them do
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28

much to endure In silence. The
CHAP" she mentioned is in hi,
thirties, fat and fair, while ED"
of the embarrassing situation
must be a little withered up old
man by this time. We look for
him soon and I'll wager that ev-
cry woman in this neighborhood
will crane their neck to get a
peep at him. Poor Ed, and all
because The Times prints any,
thing that is sent to them. and ev-
erybody knows it and reads 1t.
(Mrs.) K. A. 8. M.
Box 80, Oakland Sta.
p. S.-Please note that
signed my own initials. I've de-
cided to adopt them exclusively
for future needs to avoid another
upheaval in the family.
1t gives us another en-
barrassing moment to learn
that we printed a full name
when we only were supposed
to use the initials. 1t wasn't
done purposely. Please for
give.-EditOr.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28

The Milwaukee railway is entitled to no little UNI
stinted praise for the manner in which carried Oft
the mountain publicity project yesterday
The Times heretofore has expressed doubt as to
the wisdom it it, of this means OF advertising
Mt. Tacoma 3 beauties and grandeurs.
race with all the experimenting plot would detract
In too large measure from the big points which it
was desired to drive home; namely, that Mt Taco
ma is of natures grandest marvels and that it
IS only four hours from this city.
We hope we were mistaken; probably we were.
At any rate, the way the Milwaukee went at the UNI
dertaking was right in line with the way it built
the continent and the way does most every
thing else it undertakes aggressively, in workman
like manner and to the finish.
Incidentally, Secretary Martin Of the Commercial
club worked hard and intelligently this great
doavOr.
The Times joins in hoping that the film will be
everything we all would like to have it, Turing,
graphic representation of the scenic paradise we
lovo.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
EVERYBODY READ 1T
Editor The Times:

The reason you haven't heard
from me before Is, I've been wait
ing. to fully recover from the
shock got when my daughter
Tread me the piece I wrote for
your Embarrassing" column and
I saw my full name signed at the
bottom.
Later-the next day when Mr..
M returned home from a trip
up Sound my son presented it to
his gaze and to say / was en-
barrassed is stating 1T mildly.
l don't wish to mention the lee
ture l received, but when ex-
postulated and told him l was
trying to get the two dollars and
didn't think for a moment that
whole name would appear, he
said-and most emphatically too
You should know by this time
that The Times will print any
thing" I shut up like clam
and am yet studying on whether
he meant that as a compliment to
you folks or to me.
However, I was congratulating
myself that 1t had escaped my
friends, when today the grocery
lady-whom 1 consider one of my
best friends-accosted me with
Say, what are you going to do
with all the money you get from
that story you wrote?" I imme-
diately got thrill imagining
that she had heard of a travel
worn scenario of mine having
stuck-but it turned instantly in.
to goose pimpled chill when she
added-"It was read at the en-
broidery club last week-my
daughter told me about 1t so l
borrowed paper to read It,"
was as much as two minutes
getting my equilibrium when she
continued, us that man whom I
see driving with your son in the
auto the chap you wrote about
and were expecting to visit your"
Really, Mr.. Editor, this is too
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
TO CITY OFFICIALS
Editor The Times:

/ noticed in your paper that a
delegation of ladies went before
the council last Wednesday, ask
ing for a betterment Of condi-
tions at North 32d and Cedar.
Well, the police investigated
and very promptly informed the
public, through the press, that
there was no blind pig, no disor-
derby house, no cause for COM
plant whatever.
Now l wish to emphasize the
fact that said delegation of ladies
are truthful, respectable resi-
dents of the North End district.
The complaint was not made
from any personal i'll will, but
from a sincere desire that this
section of Tacoma stand Just as
high in morality as any other part
of the city and 1t is up to the Of
ficials to do their duty in this re-
spect. WILL THEY?
OLIVE G. HAWLEY.
North 31st st.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28

Simmered down just in the Leo Frank case hinges
upon the reasonable doubt as to the fairness OF
his trial
Ii dissenting opinion by Justice Hughes ami
Holmes of the q. S. supreme court doesn't mean a
reasonable doubt" what does? Isn't over % per
cent of the United State supreme court enough to
represent reasonable doubt?" If it isn't what
isl II it is, we're going to hang the U. s. consttu
ton with frank
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
THE NEWS IN A. ID. 1000

A new casing must be put in
the Crescent well before going
further, etc.. etc.
Joe McGinnity won a double
header yesterday from Seattle.
An old-style automobile was
found today, back of the city hall
1t looks much like the Fords now
universally used.
The Stromer Aviation Line has
q ten-minute schedule to all parts
of the city, going into effect to.
day.
A stock company failed in Ia
coma today.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
And Both Prove Ii

1t is very interesting the way two Tacoma after
noon papers are showing up each others circulation
figures.
Each has demonstrated pretty conclusively that
the others lists have been extravagantly padded.
The amount of waste paper thus created must be
sufficient to keep card board plant running to
good capacity. Taken together with the morning
papers contribution the total must be enormous.
One of these papers is engaged right now as
scores of Taeomans can testify, in frantic distr-
button of free 30days subscriptions to all who will
accept. Three months from now that paper no
doubt will be claiming this output, too, as 'paid
circulation" it's idea being that it had to pay the
man to give away the paper, so why notg
Many who will not piece of silk until she carries
the sidewalk examine by daylight the
whe asks her marry him.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
TRAPPED

You have your fathers eyes, 4"
declared grandma, looking earn
estly at the young girl.
"Yes'm."
And you have your mothers
hair
NO; this is sisters hair" fall
tered the girl. "And she said |
could borrow it."-St. Louis Post
Dispatch.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28

What re you doin' wifi the
blocks, Willum?"
playing war"
How kin you play war viii
blocks?"
by usin' 'em to form a block
ade, ninny!"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
"HEAVY" DRAMA

A Tacoma movie is to be ex-
hibited this week entitled,
Brides Bread" It Is not an
nounced who will carry the heavy
part.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
HELP!
Bonnbolay'

This Bombolay" that the
Shriners are going to pull off is
called comedy. We thought II
had a funny sound. Our suspi-
cions were aroused when we
learned Bill Flaskett and Ed
kemmer were mixed up in 1t.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
Uncle, The Great Trader

The bargain Uncle Sam picked up when he bought
Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 is beginning to
stick right out SO everybody see it. That coun-
Try has already added more than $20O,0O0O00 =
nearly 80 times it's cost prcein gold bullion to the
wealth Of this country and its resources r furs and
fisheries, lumber and minerals probably exceed
@600,O00O00 today.
But the most striking comparison is that the gov
eminent is spending five times as much on the new
railroad as it paid or the whole territory.
Some bargainer, Uncle SAM ehg
ca enterprisng newspapers
1rnronyed Old the
A
n kew ahou cerfsisIy Il
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28

A handful of Texas capitalists have raised $780,
600 in good hard coin to colonize the lower Rio
Grande country of Texas with Belgian war refugees
That's hearkening to the knock of old war oppor-
tunity in practical way.
The emigrants will be furnished land, homes,
stock seed and food until the first crop is made
The Brownsville section of Texas is very fertile and
its tropical climate admits of unusually early
crops.
The Belgians excellent farmers, patient in
dustriOus and frugal
The experiment will be watched with much inter
est In Texas and elsewhere, and will bet last
dollar it pans out all right for the identified
with the Texas movement are not phianthropists
but hard headed far-seeing business men.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
LOCAL BRIEFS

Tim Durant hasn't been around
much of late.
Joe Midleworth is a great mill
tary tactician. He used to be
reg. soldier before joining Troop
b.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
TOPICS OF THE HOUR

This week-Well, goin' to tn
game tuhday?
Next week-Where are the
fish bitin best?
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
NEEDED A CLUE

NEEDED A CLUE
Examining Admiral Ito naval
candidate)-Now, mention three
great admirals.
Candidate-Drake. Nelson, and
Il beg your pardon, sir, I didn {
quite catch your name.-Punch.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28

Unce Sam Is to have f6enc
= not known whether deadly while firing
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
SCIENTIFIC

We do not care for twilight sleep
But tplease excuse the gap)
We often feel we'd like to steal
A quiet morning nap.
Peoria Journal.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28
I THE EDITORS
MA III.

Times
anybed
printed N " -
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28

Joffre says when the
lie fishing.
peace Of hours.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28

Huerta saw q ball game and
declared 1t was tame sport. He
should have been taken to the d.
A. r. convention.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1915-04-28

TIMES WANT ADDS BRING
RESULTS. SEE PAGE SIX.