davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04
OLD MUSICAL, INSTRUMENTS

tive 'tum-tum' of stick and stone to
the time when the savage took the
back of turtle or armadillo and
stretched dried skin over the top,
fastened a couple of sticks on the end
and strung 1t with two rawhide strings.
With this musical thing. after having
constructed a rude bow. he could give
vent to his feelings, either sad or gay
Among various tribes of savages in
Africa was made a musical instrument
from human skull. The idea that q
man should make music from the skull
of his enemy is an odd conceit even for
savage. but they saw what was about
them and used what they thought
would do best, whether 1t was the tur-
ties back or the skull of man.
In the relics of the Aztecs are found
whistles made of clay. pottery whie-
ties which when blown give forth Diff
ferent tones. Many OF these Aztec
whistles are preserved in museums in
America and Europe. One of the fin-
struments is that known as the Crosby
Brown collection in the Metropolitan
Museum of Art in New York.
The horn is one of the very old forms
of sound producing instruments and
the rams horn or sophar was used by
the Jews in their sacred places many
ages ago. That form of the horn called
a trumpet is an instrument with a long
glass. silver, wood and potter's clay, as
well as of the horns of various ami
mails.
The bell is nearly as old an instru-
ment as the primitive drum and horn.
and bells of various metals and various
shapes, singly and IN sets, were ringing
in China and India very likely before
there were human beings in America
Pandean pipes also must go far back
in human history, and 1t is curious that
pipes resembling the traditional pipes
of Pan are found among the natives
of the Norfolk and Bismarck Islands
W. 4 IL.
the opening of bowl is as old as the
history of Egypt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

~ NE of the striking features of
II II the time, but feature that is
" SO general and commonplace
that it almost escapes observation. is
the plenitude and commences Of mu-
sic The ribald person might be in
clined to make the remark that much
of the music one hears is indeed COM
mon-extremely common-but that is
not the point. Music is in the air, es-
pecially in the night air.
The home or the fiat without a mu-
steal instrument is rare. No matter
what the character of the other fur
nishings, there Is an instrument for the
production of music. and somebody,
perhaps several in the family. play on
that instrument or operate 1t.
In the matter of pianos it may be
recalled that a generation, or perhaps
two generations ago. the piano was
not a very common part of household
equipment. 1t cost a great deal OF
money at period when people did
not have as much money as they have
now, or were not so free in spending
IT The piano business was one of
consid cradle proportions. but the or
dinartly well informed man could call
off the names of all of the piano max
ing firms in the United States. But
times have greatly changed. The piano
as a piece of household furniture has
come to be about as necessary as the
bedstead the bureau and the wash
stand. The mechanical piano-players
and the photographic instruments are
everywhere Nearly every child at
some period of its career takes music
lessons The music lessons them
selves may not take" but the child
has learned something. With the av-
rage person the ordinary. or the pop
ular" tunes become as familiar to
them as the view from the front porch
or the back porch of the old home.
If you pass along residence street
in Washington. particularly in the
evening. you are rarely out of the
sound of music issuing from houses
along the way. Every sort of public
and private entertainment. sport or
amusement has music mingled with 1t
at some point. Meals are eaten to the
accompaniment of music. Crowds block
the parks when the band plays. A pa
rade without music would be consid-
cred a very dull and unusual affair and
would attract little notice.
Music began with the beginning of
the human race, and in museums one
can Look on musical instruments that
carry the thoughts back to the youth
of the world. Men began to make
their early music instruments from
gourds and shells. 1t was a building
up, step by step. from the very pEimt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

niche on the first floor of the House
wing facing the great marble east
stairway. This figure was ordered by
the government from Hiram Powers. In
il jefferson is represented holding i'll
his hand the imperishable document of
which he was author.
The second full-length figure of JET
ferson is in the rotunda, and Is a splen-
did bronze. portraying our third Presi-
dent standing with the Declaration OF
Independence in one hand and the quill
with which he has just penned the
last word in the other. This statue Is
by the distinguished French sculptor.
David dangers, and il was presented
to the government by Lieut.. n. r. Levy
Of the United States Navy. The bust
of Jefferson is by Moses Ezekiel. and
stands in the group of busts of Vice
Presidents in the Senate gallery.
John Adams. the great Massachusetts
pioneer for freedom. also has a bust. by
Daniel C. French. in this vice presi-
Dental coterie, and this Is the only
monument the Capitol holds of the sec
of early American patriots. who. from
1861. sacrificed business, health. fam
lily and peace of mind to the cause OF
American independence. From the time
he entered the first Congress Of the
colonies. In 1774, Adams boldly and in
cessantly advocated their Independence.
It was a curious coincidence that the
deaths of Adams and Jefferson, the
second and third Presidents of the
United States. and closely connected in
the most vital episode in their careers.
the framing and signing of the Decla-
ration of Independence. should occur
upon the same day. July 4. 1926. the
nftieth anniversary of their signing the
great document, which was their joint
effort.
The statue of Benjamin Franklin. the
third member of the drafting commit
tee. occupies a place at the foot of the
east staircase in the Senate wing, cor
responding to that of Hancock on the
west. The marble was executed by
Hiram Powers. and is a characteristic
portrait of the far-seeing statesman
and shrewd diplomatist
The statues of the two remaining
members Of the committee appointed to
frame the Declaration of Independence
stand in Statuary Hall. and are the
gifts of the states they represent The
monument of Roger Sherman was q
tribute from the state of Connecticut.
and placed there in 1872. 1t Is the work
Of C. B. Ives. and admirably portrays
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

resented by a bronze statue, which de-
picts the first citizen" of the new re-
public at the most vital moment of his
life-that of signing the Declaration.
The bearing of the man is that of dig
nified aggressiveness, as though aware
Of the especial significance of the act
he was about to perform. for Carroll
was at that time, perhaps. the richest
man in America. His attitude implies
his response to the words of a COL
league, who. as Carroll took the pen
in hand to sign, said: There go few
millions" The statue. the splendid
work of Richard H. Brooks is worthy
portrait of Maryland's notable patriot.
Although Elbrtdge Gerry was con-
spicuous figure in the Congress whose
members signed the Declaration, and
died in Washington while serving as
Vice President. he is only monument
ally represented in the Capitol by one
of the busts of Vice Presidents in the
Senate gallery. 1t is very good model,
by Herbert Adams, but hardly seems
adequate to delineate one so prominent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

NMHHansss CHARLIE. sss c.t1 ss Of s'' carroll Of
\Y\Y ton was unveiled few
" " years ago in the Capitofs
Hall of Statuary. one OF the speakers
of the occasion declared that Washing
ton should contain a hall of American
immortals. which would include com
plete representation in statuary of the
signers of the Declaration OF lnoe-
pendence.
Astt is but ten of the hfty-six sign
ers'' are so honored in what has been
termed the American Pantheon. They
we're a remarkable body OF men. Near
Nv all were In the vigor OF existence
gifted with unusual mental acumen ana
s,rength and most OF them possessea
considerable fortunes and held high OF
fees and emoluEents at the dlsposai oi
ROYALTY. They risked the loss OF All
they had when, one hundred and thirty
nine years ago. they signed the char'er
~ our independent existence. laying
.thetr lives, their fortunes and their
sacred honor" on the altar OF American
independence.
The Pregident of the Continental Con-
xre.s. John Hancock. whose great bold
signature on the Declaration OF lhde-
pendence is indicative of the forcefui
qualities of the man, stands in the
Senate wing. at the foot Of the beauti-
full Italian marble staircase on the west
side of the Capitol. The attitude Is
that Of the great pioneer for indepen-
dence, who. as the pedestal proclaims
wrote his name where all nations
should behold II and all time should
never efface it." The foremost signer
holds the Declaration in his right hand
his left pointing to it. The Massachu-
sets statesman was in his forfeit
year when he presided over the Cont.
mental Congress, and Horatio Stone,
statue depicts him at about that age.
Statues of the five members of the
committee appointed to frame the
Declaration Of Independence are all IL
the Capitol. This committee was com
posed Of Thomas Jefferson, Johr
Adams. Benjamin Franklin, Roge
Sherman and Robert r. Livingston
There are two fuIi-sized statues ant
q bust portrait perpetuating the mem
DRY of Jefferson at the Capitol Tit
larger statue is in marble and fills 1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

with modern guns. 1t is intended to
act only as a sort of police for the
country. The military has been trained
by German officers, and German in
structors have been brought in for the
military schools.
1t is now planned to increase the size
of the army and navy, and new head
quarters of war and marine have been
esta blished in Asuncion with supplies
to equip 10000 men. There is here
company of Boy Scouts, and just now
there is general desire for an IN
crease in the size of the army. The
country has national guard to which
all citizens of the republic between
twenty-five and thirty-f1ve years of
age belong. and all are liable to mill
tary service. Paraguay is somewhat
like Switzerland in that its safety de-
ponds largely upon the Jealousy of the
other republics about it. but its peo-
pie remember the great war of the past
when Argentina. Uruguay and Brazil
combined against Paraguay and car
ried on the long war against Lopez
which practically ruined the country.
The war which little Paraguay fought
with the three great countries about 1t
is interesting now in view of the terri
BILE fighting going on in RUSSIA, BEL
GUM and France. When 1t began,
away back In 1900, at apout lue eio9o
of our civil war, Paraguay had some
thing like 100000 people. 1t lasted
five years, and at the close the popula-
ton was less than 100000. Nearly all
the men and boys were killed, and for
a generation thereafter the proportion
of women to men was five to one. 1t
is said there were only $4,000 men left
in the country when peace was de-
'clared, and of the remainder some
thing like 100000 were women over
fifteen years of age, the rest were
children. 1t is curious thing that
since the war the average number OF
births of boys have exceeded those of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

erence to the United States The presi-
dent said that Paraguay felt friendly
to US, and that it could never forget
how President Hayes. as the arbitrator
of it's international dispute with Ar
gentina, decided in favor of Para
quay. He referred to Villa Hayes. the
colony across the river. which had been
named in compliment to our former
that there were not more Americans
as part of that colony. He spoke of
the colony headed by Mr.. Richard.
which is now operating in the northern
part of the Chaco. saying that Para
quay considered itself fortune in hav-
ing such pioneers, and that he hoped
this was but the beginning of a great
cattle industry backed by Americans.
At this point I asked His Excellency
whether there was much opportunity
for American investment in Paraguay.
He replied:
There is no doubt of it. This is one
of the meat lands of the future. and
the stomach of the nation has to be
filled. Our cotton growing possibilities
are great. and we have vast areas of
land fitted for raising good stock. The
government has already considerable
land for sale. and it will. in time, have
more through its taking back certain
lands that have been unlawfully APP
propriated. There are now vast tracts
in the Chaco that have been kept out
opened up by congress and sold. All
of that land will raise cattle. and
much of it is suited for farming of
one kind or other"
asked as to the extent of the cattle
industry. He replied:
I'VE have now about 100000 head,
and with the vast pastures of the
Chaco and those of Paraguay-Oriental,
the number could be increased eight or
ten fold. ! think 1t safe to say that
this country could support 40.000,OOO
cattle, and probably more"
What is the character of the stock?"
I asked.
THE most of it is of native breed. 1t
originated with the cattle brought in
by the Spaniards shortly after this
part of the world was discovered. but
by inbreeding and lack of care the type
has degenerated. OF late years many
of our estancieros have been importing
bulls from the Argentine. Some are
crossing the native stock with the best
breeds of Europe and the United
States. and from now on there will be
a steady upbreeding. They also bring
in zebu bulls of East Indian origin.
There is no doubt but that this is as
good a cattle country as exists any
the climate Is such that the cattle feed
out of doors all the year round. Some
of our pastures need replanting, but in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

general the land will raise excellent
stock. AS it is now it takes about five
acres per animal, SO that square
league will support something like 500
cattle. With the Improvement of the
grasses it will support more.
| spoke of the agricultural posi-
bi1ities of Paraguay, and the president
said these would be greatly affected by
the new railway connection with Bue-
nos Aires. Heretofore Paraguay has
depended upon river transportation,
and it has taken from three to five
days to get its products to the mar
kets of the Argentine. Moreover. the
freight charges have been high. The
steamboats, are owned by trust, ana
they have charged all that the traffic
would bear Said President Schaerer:
I'VE shall now have competition both
by river and rail, and we shall become
the vegetable and fruit garden of Ar
gentina. This is one of the great or
ange countries of the world. We raise
oranges by the millions. and until now
have had so many that great quantities
went to waste. Shiploads were sent
to Buenos Aires. but those that grew
in the interior could not pay the trans
portation charges, and they rotted on
the trees and on the ground. We are
beginning to improve our oranges by
cultivation and breeding. We are in
Producing new varieties, such as the
navel orange. l know of one man who
has 5000 trees of that variety. | am
improving my own orange trees, and
this is so of many other proprietors.
l asked as to the cotton possibilities
of Paraguay. The president said:
Our soil and climate ought to be
fitted for it, but so far our planta tons
are only experimental ones. l know
of one man who has 300 acres in cot
ton. The crop does well, and l shall
try it on some of my own lands in the
near future.
| asked President Schaerer whether
his country was not land of revolu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

distinguished statesman and national
benefactor.
The statue of Samuel Adams, the
cousin of John Adams, was the gift of
Massachusetts to the pantheon of
ANGLICAN heroes. Though its sculptor
was a woman, Anne Whitney, the
marble figure strikingly portrays the
strength and passionate power OF this
great pioneer of American independ-
ence, whose signature upon the Decla-
ration of Independence follows that of
Hancock.
Richard Stockton's statue Is the work
of H. K. Brown, and is a glowing por-
trait in marble Of the ardent New Jer-
sey patriot, the cordial supporter and
sfgner of the Declaration.
Charles Carroll of Carrollton is rep.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04
1915. by Frank G. oArpenter.)

Ors,,eNN' ~~' -
ASUNCloN, PARAGUAY.
q HAVE just had an interview with the
President Of the PARAGUAY Repub
~. a.r,ocr.+,c ru,er nj
u H. ho
a country SITUATED IN the very ne"i
of the South American continent. HIS ter
e'"'e "a -. 90,
not ",u'n n p.t.nt,.II,. ~.
''eiuus ITO ,.;,n
Iano Is inc VI -, .r
II mas some vi INC
ear'"' anu IT'S o'ii'e 10
OF 'nose vi r ioi iua an"
fornia. The capital of the republic Is
this town of Asuncion, which has about
100 ono ponu,ation. and the seat of gov
lie. ,-h;oh
einhieh' Is tue sie"' p'.
built by Lopez along ABOUT the PERIOD
of our civil war. 1t is situated on
the banks of the Paraguay river with
:e. -. ~. f,r
III" niiieen' VIC" VI INC
miles up and down that VIDE ana last-
flowing stream. 1t is there the presi-
dent has his offices and there also are
Oh. ho.s os his o.h;re, r,,nisters
VI ''
In my interview TO-DAY. however his
Excellency received me In his private
house The audience was arranged for
me nv the American consul. and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04
CARPENTER Interviews the President Of

the girls by a large percentage. 1t is
as though nature was trying to equai-
ize the differences brought about by
the war.
The Paraguay war was caused by the
ambition of one of the most notorious
tyrants of South American history.
His name was Francisco Solando Lo-
peg. and he v0.s the son of Carlos An
tonic Lopez. His father was President
of Paraguay as far back as 1874. in the
days of President Tyler. He made him
self dictator. and ruled the country
until the time of his death. The elder
Lopez was in constant quarrel with
foreign nations. He had a fuss with
Uncle Sam, and in 1859 the United
States sent a squadron to the Rio de
la Plata to enforce demands against
him. This man was noted for MS
cruelties. He had all sorts of lngen-
ious tortures for his enemies. one OF
which was having them sewed up
tightly in green cows skin and then
set out in the sun. As the skin dried IT
shrunk and squeezed the man to death
Francisco Lopez was, in the phrase
ology of Rouse's version of the Psaltns
of David. Another of the same. His
cruelty bordered on insanity. At one
time he had several hundred natives
and foreigners arrested. tortured ana
executed on an improved charge OF
conspiracy. These people included gen.
erals. ministers, judges. plshohs'
priests, foreign COnSuiS. anu even i''''
own brothers. Two members of our
legation were tortured. and the Amerl-
can minister, Mr. Washburn, was saved
only by the timely arrival Of United
States gunboat.
Francisco Lopez assumed the govern
ment on the death of his father. He
had been in France. and he had an am
bition to be the Napoleon of South
America While there he fell in with a
woman named Nine Lynch, and brought
her back with him to Paraguay as his
mistress. Nine. Lynch was an Irish
woman. She was a devil, and she is
said to have been the cause of the tor
lures and of the revolution. Stimu-
lated by her. he made war on the Ar
gentines, auaTeled with Brazil. and
tried to take Natto Crosse. AS the
population was decimated by battle,
boys of twelve were forced into the
army and f1ogged when they fell from
exhaustion. The men who would not
fight were executed, and officers were
often stripped of their uniforms and
shot At one time Lopez had all Of his
escort shot because he imagined them
traitors.
At the beginning of his reign Lopez
organized great public improvements
at Asuncion. He introduced English
engineers and mechanics. He started
a railroad. He built the great palace
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04


Meat Land the
Republic GoveedA Which FdHow the
Killed Situation With
The PRESENT. in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04
No Trust.

N oUvERNEUR MORRIS. the writer,
0was talking in New York about the
hard lot of the litterateur.
Il know a litterateur," he said. who
went to Ocean Grove last week. He
picked out a nice little hotel on the
sea front. Then he walked in and said
to the proprietor:
What is the rate here for a quiet
room with a sea view"
Twelve dollars up, the proprietor
answered.
"'Well, 1 am an author, and
I'm that case, interrupted the pro-
prietor, sternly-in that case 1t will be
S12 down."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

Capito

In serving his country at its most cFitf-
cal period.
1t is not probable that half a hun
dred men of stancher character and
higher motive ever met together to
consummate a nations charter of lib
erty. They are all worthy of venera-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

ton and to stand 81 oulder to shoulder
in &complete mon. -ntary exhibit. as
they did in life, W IN in signing the
Declaration of Ind- prudence each echo
ed for himself and for those who were
to come after the famous words of Pat
rick Henry, uttered a year before:
GIVE me liberty, or give me deathw
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

the Men Who Penned Their Names Great Document Are Rep
Hall ahlaDA of the SteThe Fuengh Figure n
RondaAdms and Jefferson Died Same Day. 1926 the Fiji
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-07-04

which is now the government building,
and think he put up the houses of con-
ter, which is now used as a government
tobacco warehouse. and put UP tomb
for himself modelled after the Pan
theon.
AS the war neared Its close, Lopez
and Nine. Lynch saw they were bound
to he defeated. and they planned to
escape They took the treasures of the
government with them. amounting to
about 81 900, 900. Much of this was in
specie. and II took seven carts to carry
hidden in the swamps. and no one
knows where II is to this day. y
wooden cross was erected to mark the
spot. but this is said to have been
burned down during a great fire. The
official records have been lost. and the
possibility of tradition showing tho
spot was removed by Lopez, who had
the men who drove the carts and dug
the holes for the treasure killed at the
time. As the story goes, they were
all shot and their bodies were thrown
on the top of the chests In order that
their ghosts might guard the treasure.
Lopez wDs killed about the close OF
the war and Nine. Lynch fed. II is
said that she had plans showing Just
where the money lay. but that she de-
stroyed them.
This Nine. Lynch was a holy terror
IN Paraguay. There are old citizens
here now who tell stories OF how ehs
dominated Lopez and prosecuted the
people. Our minister. Mr.. Washburn,
testified that he was afraid for his
life. He did not fear public execution,
but rather secret poison or assassina-
ton. and this because Mrs. Washburn
refused to meet Nine. Lynch or to go
to her entertainments.
Nine. Lynch had one of her rivals, a
young lady of Asuncion, lanced TO
death. She had the confidence of Lo-
PEI, and he would torture or kill any
person she disliked One day an off,
Ger spoke to her on the street asking
her to intercede for a prisoner. The
next day he was shot for his presump-
ton. The madame demanded money OF
private citizens, and those who re-
fused her were sure of torture and
possibly death. She took the Jewels
belonging to the church and had them
reset for herself. She plundered the
government treasury and bled the coNn-
try and people in other ways.
She undoubtedly carried a great deal
of money out of the country, and at
one time admitted that she had S250.000
with her when she left. She fled from
Paraguay to Europe. There she lost
her money. and when she died in Paris
about fifteen years ago she was a
pauper. FRANK G. CARPENTER.