davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19
Spacing

The right spacing for a willow holt
needs to be carefully considered.
Close spacing produces a better
quality of rod and insures greater
yields per acre, especially for the
first few years. For any Of the
varieties of American green close
spacing can be unreservedly recon-
mended under all conditions. Once
well established, close-spaced holt
will virtually keep the weeds in check
or crowd them out altogether. Under
such conditions little or no cultiva-
ton is necessary, and in the case OF
American green there is little danger
that the rods will become stunted.
On fertile soils, in fact, this species,
unless closely spaced, tends to pro-
duce rods that are too long, and
which lack somewhat in toughness
With the purple and Lemley varit-
ties close spacing, although it has
often been recommended, presents
serious disadvantages. Both of these
species at the end of six or eight
years show decided tendency to
produce short rods, a characteristic
which is greatly intensified in close
ly spaced holt. On fertile, loose,
sandy soil this tendency may not be-
come evident for from 10 to 20 years,
or even longer, but on heavy, clay
soils the rods become stunted very
early in the life of the holt. Purple
willow, even when closely spaced,
will not produce enough shade to
keep weeds in suppression, making
cultivation necessary. In a closely
spaced holt this must be done by
hand. For this reason many growers
have found that on soils of only aver
age fertility spacing for purple will
low of six by 80, nine by 80, or IL
by 80 inches gives the best results
IN the long run. me SHOOTS prOduc-
ed with such spacing are somewhat
crooked, but never badly branched.
Purple willow hollis with this spacing
have maintained their productivity
for from Is to 25 years, while in
closely spaced hollis on the same soil
the rods have become very short in
half this time.
The Lemley and patent Lemley, on
account of their tendency to branch
badly when open spaced and their
ability to shade the ground when
closely spaced, should be closely
planted on all but the very poorest
soils. If holt of Lemley or patent
Lemley become too crowded. the
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19

grass to take root again II wet
weather follows. After a layer of
sod is removed, the soil, beneath
should be loosened up somewhat,
even at the expense of cutting few
roots. Only by such. treatment can
grasses be thoroughly eliminated
from holt when once firmly estab-
lished. Frequent and regular in
spection of the holt is necessary to
discover and stamp out at once such
pests as dodder, morning glory vines,
and caterpillars.
A New System of Culture
Tosinsure the best success of will
low holt with the smallest cost of
establishment the following practice
Is suggested: The willows should be
widely spaced at first to permit of
horse cultivation. Spacing might be
six by SO inches, or even ~ by SO
ms. according to the soil and mois-
ture conditions. Horse cultivation
can be given at any time during the
first year, since the rods are then
small. This does not keep the holt
absolutely free from weeds, of course,
but very little trouble is entailed in
removing the weeds within the row
with hoe. During the second year
the holt can be cultivated by horse,
least until late summer, while the
willows will produce enough shade
to keep down weeds in the row. In
the spring following the second year,
cuttings should be set between those
already establish and similarly spac-
ed in the row. These later cuttings,
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19

however, must be five or six feet long
in the care of American green, and
from three to five feet long in the
case of the purple and Lemley, since
they compete for light with the
plants already established. If the
holt has been clean up to this time,
the cost of cultivation will not be
large, even though it must be done
by hand. Thorough cultivation be-
fore planting the new sets will save
at least one hoeing. The new sets
should be allowed to grow for two
seasons before being cut back to
the ground. This method is especial
ly desirable for a large holt in local
tiles where the cost of hand labor
is high.
Mulches
Where weeds are especially
troublesome mulches can often be
used to advantage. They not only
serve to check the growth of weeds
but also prevent the surface soil
from becoming hard and difficult
to cultivate. At Arlington mulches
of sand and stable manure were ap-
piled to section of the holt after the
entire holt had been hoed. When
the holt avs cultivated for the Sec
the holt was cultivated for the Sec
ond time very few weeds had made
their appearance in the area covered
with sand, and those that had ap-
peared were easily removed. Weeds
were more numerous in the MANFRED
areas, but less so than where there
was no mulch at all. They were re-
moved with comparative ease, leav-
ing the surface loose and dry, with
poor chances for their further estab-
lishment. During the early part Of
the season the willows which receiv-
ed the mulch fell somewhat behind
the others in height growth. Two
weeks later however, they had actual
ly forged ahead.
Sand mulches can be placed on a|
holt at a cost of from SIS to $25l
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19

weaker plants will die out, while the
survivors make thrift growth. The
same thing is true, even to a greater
extent, of American green, but pur-
pie willow fails to thin itself, and the
rods in a too closely spaced holt gen.
orally become stunted.
In the case of American green,
differences in width of spacing have
very little effect upon the length of
rods produced. With the purple will
low, on the other hand, a IL by SO
inch spacing results in the production
of much longer rods. In the case of
both species the weight per plant is
proportionate to the width Of spacing.
With American green the width of
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19

adv. 3o-5
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19

ter or which are being cut when the
ground is soft. Under such condi-
lions the upward stroke of the knife
Is likely to loosen the plant or &C
tually to lift it from the ground.
The use of a scythe, brush hook,
or hay or cor cutter is not advisable,
since they leave the stools in rag
ged condition and, as a rule, several
inches too high.
Height of Stools
Stools should be cut as low as pos
sible. Where cutting is reasonably
low, and the new growth is from the
juncture of the shoot and the stool,
the stump of the old shoot dies back,
while the height of the stool is not
appreciably increased. New growth
from the collar is straighter than
that of old stumps or old shoots,
since the latter are really lateral
branches which must turn upward.
Long sprout stumps are likely to
have one or more lateral buds from
which branches are sent out. The
bases are thus kept alive, and the
height of the stool much increaseu.
Low-cut stools also offer the least
chance for mechanical injury or
disease.
Rods should not be left on the
ground for any length of time after
being cut, especially If the weather
is dry and warm. They should be
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19

bundled according to size and shape.
Straight rods are easider to handle.
and can be tied in larger bundles.
Rods which curve sharply at the base
are more difficult to handle, since
It is essential to keep the butts uni
form, and so can best be tied up
tightly in small bundles. Either
binder Irvine or willow rod can be
used for tying. For novice the
cord is easier to handle, but an ex-
pert can tie up a bundle with rod
much more tightly and in less time
than with Irvine. Purple willow rods
are the best for this purpose.
After the leaves come out in the
spring it is necessary to keep the cut
willows in water until they are peel
ed. If out of water even for day
or two they die, and the bark can
not be removed. A pit should be
provided in which water is of uniform
depth one fiuctuates as little as poss-
ible. The water in the pit should
only be deep enough to be sure that
the ends Of all the rods are submerg-
ed. It is best to place the rods in
vertical position in the pit, for If
they are allowed to lean, the butts
one one side of the bundle are lifted
and may be exposed to the air.
Bundles pitted upright soon settle
into the soft bottom of the pit, and
after the rootlets have started there
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19
SYNOPSIS OF LAST CHAPTER

Last week published the first of series of articles
the growing of willows and the manufacture of willow furniture
We stated that there about varieties of commercial will
lows adapted various and climates and copied from
government reports show what of the nd for
climate the kind of soil that is best for them, the plant
and cultivate the way harvest and prepare willows for
market and something concerning the prices they bring The
reports show that the crop may be raised Bingham county and
will give employment farmers during the winter harvest
ing and preparing them and making them furniture and ba
kets for commercial purposes will furnish employment for people
at any and all times of the year.
The story continued this and the following this
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19

adv. 2o-5
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19
NOTICE OF ANNUAL NETTING

The annual meeting of the Weayrck Ditch company will be
held at Riverside Idaho Monday the first day of March, 95,
the hour of p elect officers for the ensuing year and
such other business may before the meeting
THE WEARYRICK DITCH COMPANY,
Adv. 29-5 Phillip Dance Secretary.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19
Adv. 29-5
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING

The annual meeting of the New Lavasde Ditch company will
be held the City Hail. Blackfoo Saturday the sixth day
of March, 1915 the hour of elect officers and
tend any other business which may before the meeting
NEW LAvAsDE DITCH COMPANY,
Adv. 28-5 Louis Felt Secretary.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING

The annual meeting of the Grove City Ditch company will
be held the City hail. Blafoo Idaho, Saturday the 13
of March, 1875 the hour of 1890 p m elect officers for
the ensuing year and any other business that may
before the meeting
THE GROVE CITY DITCH COMPANY
adv 2o-5 w. F. Bergman Secretary.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19
Adv. 2S-5
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING

Notice hereby give that the annual meeting of stockholders
of The Riverside Ditch company will be held the Groveand
scho house Tuesday the End day of March, 1915 the hour
of m to elect officers for the ensuing year and to transact
such other business as may before the meeting
RIVERSIDE DITCH COMPANY,
adv 2o-5 J. G. Bond, Secretary.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19
adv. 2o-5
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING

The annual meeting of the Danskn Ditch company will he
held the Riverside hall Tuesday the ninth day of March
m orhe purpose of eecng officers for the ensuing year
and to such other business may bee the meeting
THE DANsKIN DITCH COMPANY,
adv 3o-S F. I. Havsrson, Secretary
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1915-02-19
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING
J. G. Bond, Secretary

The annual meeting of The Parsons Ditch company will be
held the home of the secretary the 9th day of March, 1915
the hour of p m elect officers for the ensuing year and
any other business that may before the meeting
PARSONS COMPANY,
Adv. 2o-5 Mrs. Martha LaRocque Secretary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
TO AID SECRETARY DANIELS.
H. E. Coffin and A. L. Riker, Auto
Engineers, Selected.

Howard E. Coffin and Andrew L.
Riker. past presidents of the Society OF
Automobile Engineers, have been Sc
lected to serve on the civilian advisory
board which will be organized by the
United States Navy Department next
month. The designation of these auto
mobile engineers to assist in the very
Iaudable patriotic movement instituted
by Secretary Daniels will give general
satisfaction, they having received
clear majority of the ballots cast by the
voting members of the automobile engi-
neering organization, pursuant to sew
eral nominations made by it's council
Both Mr.. Riker and Mr.. Coff1n nave
been Intimately connected with auto
mobile engineering since it's commercial
inception in this country. They have
also had executive experience with the
producing companies with which they
have been connected for many years.
the Society of Automobile Engineers,
serving in this capacity for three terms
Mr. Coffin became the president in 1910
and was the prime originator of the
movement which has resulted in its
great Increase in size and activity since
that time the standardization of COM
ponent materials and parts of automo-
biles being very prominent in this con-
nection. Both of these men have found
time in recent years to do effective
work on the membership committee. the
finance committee and the misceHan-
eous, electrical equipment, frame sec
tions and nomenclature divisions OF the
standards committee of the Society OF
Automobile Engineers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

Washington, Secretary William I'LL
ma has received several hundred re-
quests for specific data regarding
routes into Washington and on trips to
the historic points within a radius of
100 miles of the National Capital. This
ma gaZine, with it's circulation OF $780,
600 among motorists all over the United
States gave the above matter the wild
est possible publicity. The results it
brought are being shown in the in
crease in the number of visiting moto-
lists and the requests from those who
contemplate visiting Washington.
Pamphlets containing the codification
Of motor laws of the United States and
the eastern provinces of Canada, COM
piled by the touring bureau of the To-
cal automobile club, will soon be mailed
to each member of the organization.
The essential points of the laws gov
erning the operation of motor cars in
all states have been put in concise
form. The particular advantage of this
i, pamphlet is that the motorist desiring
to tour through states whose laws he
is not familiar with can see at a glance
what regulations he must meet and
know the speed rules he is expected to
follow. This Is just one of the hun
dred and more ways in which the local
club is giving its members genuine
service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
WILL HELP ADVISE U, S.
Ralph H. Epson, Balloonist, to Co.
Operate With Naval Board.

Ralph H. Epson of the Goodyear Tire
and Rubber Company, winner of the
international balloon trophy in the
race that started at Paris in October,
1913. has been selected a member of
the special committee to cooperate
with the naval advisory board in its
consideration of the application Of air
craft to warfare. President F. A.
Seiberling of the same company also
has been made director Of the
American Society of Aeronautic Engi-
neers, organized at the suggestion of
Thomas A. Edison. to act with the
naval advisory board, of which Mr..
The appointment of Epson comes as
a tribute to his eminence in the aero
nautic field. his scientific work in de-
veloping the practical uses of the
balloon and his victories In actual
flights. He has had special training
as an aeronautical engineer.
Associated with Goodyear's aero
nautic department since it's inception,
he has acquired by actual experience
a practical knowledge Of aeronautics
and is therefore in position to give
the government much valuable advice
nent engineers of Europe, and is thor
oughly conversant with the progress
that has been made in aeronautics
there. His association with the manu-
facture of accessories for aeropIanes
and dirigibles led him to undertake
the plotting of dirigibles, browning
his efforts at Paris by winning the
worlds championship. Although a
young man, he is regarded as one of
the highest authorities in the country
concerning dirigibles. and Is firm re-
lever in the value of aircraft in war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
INVENTS VENTILAT0R DOOR.
Local Chauffeur Originator Of New
Type Door for Motor Cars.

Milton D. Smith Of 1925 N street
northwest, probably one Of the best
known chauffeurs of the National Cap
ital. who has been operating motor cars
since the days of the single cylinder
engine, has invented a door for the
ventilation of the front compartment
of foredoor cars.
The idea consists Of a door con-
structed with a panel and designed SO
as to allow space, which permits the
entrance of cool air and the exit Of no!
air from the front compartment OF ar
automobile. The design, when carried
out. does not change the appearance OF
the car The doors are constructed sc
as to fit on the regular hinges They
can be removed and stored away dur
ing the winter months and the stand.
ard type door replaced during the COO
weather.
In hot weather the seat beside the
driver is not SO popular. by reason OF
the fact that it's occupants get all the
heat of the motor. A number of manu-
facturers. in order to relieve this con-
dition somewhat, have provided aisle.
ways between the front seats.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22

at . uniform height. No one could lose
his way on the Lincoln highway.
Since President joys trip the trans
continental traffic over the Lincoln
highway has increased wonderfully,
but even when he went across 1t was
heavy. Mr.. Joy took particular pains
to note at different points the number
Of cars passing per month. He founo
that at many desert points. where &C
curate record had been kept during tne
past two or three years. tourist trame
has increased 500 per cent.
The statistics secured at Orr's rancn
Clover. Toole county. Utah, POM
where practically every tourist Is seer
and where most of them stop. show
that in May. 1914, twenty-six cars
passed this point. and in May. 1915, sew
enty-two. In June last year. ffty- two
cars passed~through, while this June
232 cars were checked. in addition to
thirteen motor cycles and three trucks
Many tourists headed both east ane
west carry their entire families. at
well as camping outfits. tents, etc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
CAR AXLE CONSTRUCTION
TERMS ARE EXPLAINED
Live, Dead, Full Floating and Semi
Floating Are Used
on Vehicles.

Few people understand what Is
meant by the terms semi-fioating' and
full floating as applied to rear axle
construction" states the sales man
aver of q western automobile concern.
"Axles may be divided roughly into
two classes, dead and live axles. All
horse vehicles are equipped
with dead axles: that is. the axles do
not revolve with the wheels. but are
fixed. usually being bolted directly to
the springs or body. preventing rota-
ton.
Suppose, however, that the springs
be bolted to q steel tube or pipe In
stead of the dead axle as before. Then
| If the round axle be run through this
pipe and fastened to the wheel at the
revolve together. 1t is called live
axle because it turns with the wheel.
The tube or pipe in which it revolves
Is known as the housing.
inside the housing. SO that the axle
| turns on the bearings. 1t Is said to
be OF the floating type because the
! axle floats In the housing. The wheel
ing at the end OF the housing. SO that
| it may revolve freely, and Is fastened
| on the outer side to the axle by means
of the hub plate.
The. entire weight on the wheel IL
carried by the housing and not by
| the axle. The end thrust. however
as when the car Is rounding a cor
ner, must all be borne by the axle
which sometimes results in serious
| trouble. This is mi-1oating' con-
struction. With this type the wheel
must usually be taken of in order to
get the axle out
THE wheel on the 'full-noating
type is mounted on the housing SO
that 1t not only rolls around on ball
| bearings. but also absorbs all end
| thrust on ball bearings, known as
| thrust bearings.
| s'This construction takes all the
strain Of bad roads. including both
weight and end thrust, of the axle and
be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
Labor Day Auto Races.

Arrangements are being made for an
automobile race meet to be held Labor
day. Monday. September 8. at the Ben
ming track. A number Of fast cars
from York, Pa. and Baltimore. Nd, II
il stated, will participate here in the
event a meet Is held at the local track
Several Of the cars from Washington
took part in the races July at York.
competing against fast field from that
place. The owners Of the ont Of town
cars have promised to be on hand If ar
rangements are completed to hold the
meet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
Fail to Break Des Moines Record.

At the recent Des Moines speedway
meeting. Ralph De Palma and Bob Bur-
man made several unsuccessful at
tempts at the five-mile record Of 500. 90,
established by Rickenbacher in a Max
well. at Omaha July 8. This record
promises to be one Of the most sought
for on the entire table this year. Prior
to the Maxwelrs successful flight 1t had
stood for three years at 311.75.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
Care Of the Ball Bearings.

1t is important that ball bearings
have just the correct amount of play
in their runs. If too much there will
be a blow of great force delivered when
the wheel is thrust sidewise, and this
is the usual cause of split balls. Ii
not enough play there will be grind
ing wear. that will soon destroy the
correct action. AS a general rule, there
should be just enough play to produce
slight side motion to the wheel when
1T hangs free.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-22
Patches Lack Dura bility.

It is common observation that
patches on inner tubes are not as du
rable as the original wall Of the tube
The only reason for this is the fact
that the usual patch is not as thick
and we'll attached as 1T should be. The
patch should be as thick as the tube
wall and the vulcanizing as perfect as
the place where the tube ends are
united.