davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1915-01-30
THE KALEIDOSCOPE

Albania has a population of sso.oeS.
 India's 5ute crop Is large, estimated at 12,00o,000 bales.
 Chile this year spends s365.o6o for -ew railroad bridges.
 4 spreading oak tree SO feet hizn has about 6,00o.0O0 leaves.
 India viii establish a $5O,ooo en- freering college in a suburb of Madras.
 Maryland ranks tenth among the 5tates i'll taxes paid on individual Incomes.
 Bricks made of peat are being buildings.
 In South Carolina there are 3s.0oe more negro than white children tn public schools. ty-
 Belgium has forbidden the expor- tation of adulterated or impure rub Der from the Belgian Congo.
 4 Colorado mining company recent ly shipped a ton of ore in 59-pound packages by parcel post r It Is estimated that more than zoe,- 900 pounds of shoe polish is con- suned annually in Turkey.
 The first artesian wells in TFipoii have just been drilled under the d. rection of Italian engineers.
 E. N. Pierce. of Brooklyn, N. Y. has travelled 52,000 miles in his auto and is preparing for a 35,0oo-mile tYiRI
 Hungary prohibits the use of color 'ns extracts in beer and the inporfa- ion of adulterated or artidctallY cOi- pred beer.
 While the exports from the Neither lands to the United States decreased the United States to that country ir- creased materially.
 Fifteen million rats have been killed as part of the preventive meas ureE against the spread of plague made by the metropolitan police board of the city Of Tokio.
 The great fire of London In ieeg started in a house on PuddfrR lane and ended at Piecrust alley. Thir- teen thousand two hundred houses were burned, including eS churches.
 The storage of oil for fuel purposes is @ new feature in the trade of tfe port of Manchester. Hitherto the bulk of he oil stored on the b>,,<x If the N1ncheSter s a-.ai n .en for illuminating ana lubricating pur- poses.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01
ONE YEAR OF THE GREAT EUROPEAN CONFLICT

esalese. with a head like a bullet can
| stand off ten brave. blue-eyed Cau-
casians in the open.
International War DeadIocked.
This war in deadlocking itself has
| deadlocked interna tional law and the
law of humanity. Since one army can
not shoot its way over the trenches
of the other. it charges the air with
poison that throws the foe into the
agony Of slow suffocation. II one ma
ton cannot triumph over the armed
force of the other. it can attempt to
starve the noncombatant population. the
inhabitants Unfortunately, age and
infancy alike.
Unable to establish lawful blockade
of the mine-sown German coast Eng
land suspends the comfy of nations and
the rights OF neutrals. Unable to Ven
ture upon the sea. Germany steals be-
meath it. where 1t is impossible to obey
the immemorial rule of search and seiz-
ure. and she assassnates unarmed sail
ors and neutral travellers in defiance Of
the very instincts of humanity.
The Yellow Slave.
The prophets looked for a financial
deadlock also. But money ever has
been the slave of war and it remains
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01

As in all their wars however the Rus
| slams nave shown themselves stubborn
enough on their own soil and they hold
a line no less than $40 miles in length.
. In her recent pursuit of the fleeing Rus
slams from PrZemysl and LemberG. Aus
tria seems to have found the going
harder the farther she went.
Germany has made only one drive on
Paris, when she was turned hack al the
Marine. but on Warsaw she has made
four terrible drives that have srent them
selves on the plains of Poland. The
Kaiser himself has moved his helmeted
Polish capital, but only to be stale
mated.
For many months Warsaw has heard
the German eagles screaming at her
gate. But thus far il has been a dead
lock there AS in the West and the camps
of two empires have been but inglorious
prairie dog villages.
The Entente has been on the defensive
in its two European campaigns. 1t pro-
posed to itself. however. one great drive
for the purpose of cleavins Asia and
Europe with a wedge of steel at the
Dardanelles. This is perhaps the most
significant operation of the war. For had
Paris fallen to Won Kluck he would
nave OHlN a Guy Dul
is the gateway of empires. And il Eng
land and France should clasp hands with
Russia across the little Sea of Marnora
the Enetnte will have outfianked the two
kaisers. The war would be over-at least
as soon as the vanquished could be
brought to a realization of the fact that
they were whipped.
More than five months have passed
since the superdreadnoughts began to
hammer at the Dardanelles. II is now
four months and more since the allied
army landed on the Gallipoli Peninsula
and began to push the wedge. Yet they
ton of the forty-seven miles it must go
to penetrate the Dardanelles alone.
Since they declared war against Austria
the Italians have made swift advances.
climbing the Carnic Alps and rounding
the top of the Adriatic. But that war is
young and its inception is as strange as
its progress.
Although Italy is warning upon Aus
tria, Austria's ally is not warning upon
Italy. Germany only withdrew her AM
bassador from Rome: she has not yet
declared was to come to the defense of
the Austians. On the other hand. while
Italy was welcomed into the Entente
and appears to have received a bag of
Brltisn Soiu, she Is hoelng no row but
her own. The first page in the history |
Of this Italian war. as in the history OF |
the great war. remains to be filled out.
Wherever there is a trench. the war 10 |
Almost the only exception to |
the rule occurred in the Austro- Russian |
campaign In Galicia. and the Russians /
blamed their expulsion from that front /
to the lack Of guns and ammunition.
The minor campaigns have been n
slow and indescisive as the major opera.
lions. The Turkish advance on the Suez
Canal and into the Caucasus. and the |
British advance from the Persian Gulf |
toward Basdad have celebrated no VIC
tories ~ yet
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01

cabinet of national defense And t
emphasize the fact that the invader
was facing d nation and not a gov,
eminent. in 1870. the republfc be
gan to pack UP for the removal o.
its capital from Paris to Bordeaux.
To the amazement of all observers
the French surrendered the fortress!
of LonCwy on August - and La Fere
on the 2Hth. Next the second line OF
. their defenses were turned. and Gen.
Joffre's daily bulletins were unspar-
ing reports of German advance and
French retirement. Outnum bered
three to one at first. and then two Ia
one. the French and British backed
across France before the doubled right
fist of the German Michael and Cen.
Won KluCk's irresistible drive on Paris
Germany stopped
With every mile Won Kluck went he
was cutting off the French army from
larger and larger part of France.
and once he was in Paris he would
be in the enemys rear. But while
the German torrent rolled down the
fair valley of the Disc. the Russians.
1000 miles away. were streaming
down the valley of the Pregel in East
Prussia and stalking through the gates
of Lemberg in GaliCia, and the Serb
ians were moving up the Danube.
The lookout on the lowered birthplace
of the Hohenzollern kingdom al Konigs-
berg was anxiously watching for the
coming of the Cossacks; a popular SUBJ
scription was being raised at renamed
Petrograd for the reward of the first of
the children of the Don TO gallop through
the Brandenburg gate and tether his
pony beneath the lindens of Berlin. and
Francis Joseph was hastily strengthening
the defenses of Vienna.
With the Car close upon both of the
Kaisers. they called back men by whole
army corps from the advance on the
repel the Russian invader. But when
they divided their forces to fight two
foes at once the German plan Of cam
paign for the conquest of Europe had
failed
The drive on Paris stopped on Septem-
Der 6. after going 200 miles in three weeks.
In his march to the Marine, Won Kluck
had beaten by nearly two weeks Won
Moltke's record forty-five years before
And when he halted on the banks of that
river at the little town of Lagny, he was
only seventeen miles from his goal
But he had lots the superiority of num-
bers. His great thanking movement was
itself in danger OF being flanked when he
turned away from Paris. where 500 900 de-
tenders stood within its ring OF fortifica-
TONS to hurl himself al the center Of the
army in the field under JofYre
The Fate of the Year Decided.
For five days that battle of the Marine
lasted. a momentous conflict between the
greatest forces that ever had been en-
gagged. The fate of the war ia its first
year II not the destiny Of the world for
IN age. was determined on that vast field
And Germany lost the battle. IL not the
war.
In the course Of that titanic combat. the |
German tide was rolled back to the hills |
II Champagne. In the end. the Germans
'ound themselves sixty miles from Paris,
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01
the east in a year of war.

August l2-EnylAnd declared against Austria.
August ls-iernans occupied Leg. and entered
LouraIr.
August 9-EntcEcd Brussels. Russia crossed German
and Austrian frontiers.
August 2-'iermans took NamuT. japan declared
AGAINST 'i,TmanN.
August 4-Austrlsns driven out If Serbia.
August 3-ienans at Mons France formed a
ministry Of national defense.
August 27-';srmars took Longvy
August S-Tpnk La FCre. England defeated Ger
many in naval engagement of Helsoland
sept Russians before Lemberg
sept , Frcn h government retired from Paris to
R0rdcsuN.
sept s-Gernsns seventeen miles from Pans
SEPT. 7-l2-Bl'tle of the Marine. German retreat
halted at scissors
SEPT. H-''ernlnS du: themselves IN behind the
hl,ne and the ten months deadlock BE-
gan.
SEPT. Il Russians driven from East Prussia
S~Tr- ierman snhmanneS sank three British
cruisers in the Moth sea.
sept. 9a-Gernans orened attack on Antwerp.
oct. i-Fes"e SUNDAY in the United States
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01

obedient to its master now under the
heaviest exactions ever laid upon It.
Special police were required to keep
the pounds. shillinEs and pence from
crowding and trampling when England
lately opened her window to receive sub
scription for a 1900. 900 loan.
The British are said to be burning IN
nearly s1o.ooo.Ooo a day and Germany
hardly less than that amount of the
products Of labor. The British and Ger
man debt has increased % per cent in a
year. 1t Is estimated that all the armies
and navies together have devoured more
than Sl5. 900. 10000 in a year of warfare
And that exceeds the cost of all the
wars since the beginning OF the French
Revolution.
But armies and navies are not the
most expensive elements In war The
destruction and waste and economic
chaos of war are the really costly fac
tors.
Property values listed on the London
Stock Exchange were swept away to
the extent Of 900 100000 in the eight
days before the war actually began A
billion Of Belgian wealth was trodden
beneath the heels of the invaders In
two weeks. Yves Gyot calculates that
the trade OF Europe lost S.500.00l00o in
the hrst six months. just so much bread
and butter snatched from the mouths Of
the people.
No one knows how such losses can
be borne. how nations can survive
such burdens and SO quickly recover
from them. Where war gets its money
always has mystifed the statist.
Without gold and without credit.
the Confederacy fought the Union four
years. and Lee did not surrender his
$4,000 ragged followers at Appomat-
tox because the printing press OF the
Southern Treasury had broken down.
France fought for twenty-five years
and never lacked for gold.
While Napoleon still was winning
victories in Saxony in 1913. he could
not follow them up and complete them
for want of cavalry. His wars had
exhausted the breed or horses.
When. in 1914. he stood with his
back to the wall of Paris. he still had
money enough, but boys had given
out. The human breed was exhausted.
To that deadlock. this war, II con-
must more quickly come
How many men are under arms now
Ind how many have fallen in the year.
we are not told. The estimates of the
aggregate with the colors Of the war
ring powers range glibly from 10000
900 even to 100000. And the dead.
wounded and captured also are count
ed by the millions. Imagination balks
at such figures. e..
II In easy to forese that when the
gold In gone. the sngravers can sup
ply its place. When even the horses
fall. the factories still can foal their
gasoline horses.
But unless reason returns to call
halt the day surely will come when
there will be no more food for pow
der. Then the war must stop among
Its graves. Nature will have dead
locked II.
sceuushs. rss - Jsuu NernuaA .
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01

Feb. l0-The United States protested.
Feb. ls-Bi;ish and French opened the Darda-
relcs campaigr.
March l-Ensd3d announced r-Irpose to prevent
commodities Of any kind from reaching
leaving German
March 9-Brti>h CaTrUred Neuve Chapelle.
March 2-R'ssIans took Przemysl.
March 9-BrIfsh and French soldiers landed
GliliI oil Peninsula the Dsrdaneles.
April 5-The United StE'cs demanded repatriation
nv Germany for sinking of schooner FRYE.
May THE Iustania sInk nv German suhma
rine. with los Of 80 lives.
May l9-The United States demanded that the
German submarine POLICY he changed.
NAV S-ltsly declares Austria.
MAY 25-Italrans invaded Austria
NAV 2S-Bn:ish coalition cabinet formed
NAV G-tirrInany replied to the American note.
lune e-RUssians lest PTzemysl.
June s-The United States renewed it, demand for
change NJ the German submarine policy.
Jrne G-RusSiins lost Lembers.
July SHERMAN advance on Warsaw checked
july 9-Gsrnlnv replied the second American
demand.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01
1914.

June e-AsslS-lnarlon Of Crown Prince Francis
Ferdinand Of Austria and his wife al Sar-
aevI.
June - 10 JI.v G-Rlank
JULY 23-Au>:r'd issued her u!timatrm In serbia.
July 25-SerIaa rerlIe-i.
Iuly S-Aus::la declared against Serbia.
July n-RussIa rarity modified her forces.
July 1-ticrur4ny demanded that the mobilization
rea~. The stock exchanges Of the world
closed their doors.
August ,iermanv declared against Russia.
France ordered the mobilization of her
forcrs. Montenegro declared war against
Austria.
August e ,rTAay invaded Luxembourg
August ; Invaded Belgium.
August England declared war against Gsrulsnv
August S-'icT.nan ArTnv before Llesc President
Wilson rendered the good Offices nj the
nit ID States.
Angus S Aus,rL declared arains' Russia.
August s-FIrSf British -xTedI,inn landed in
France. French invaded AIsacr.
August 70 France declared war against Austria.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01

at the least. having been forced behinr
the -Aisne and having lost all the GrounC
between that river and the Marine
There they halted in their retreat or
September l. and dug themselves in
! There they have stayed through an au
tumn. 4 winter and spring. and unit
the midsummer anniversary OF the open
ing OF their campaign. And through those
ten months and more. the inimediat,
question has not heen whether Germany
would conquer Europe, but whether she
could he driven out of what she had wor
! in the first six weeks of the war.
! The Deadlock in the East.
| 1t was no longer a drive but a siege
! the siege of d whole nation along a
! front of more than 800 miles And at
times the Germans have successfully
maintained that siege with force only
.. half as large as their allied foes.
For a time the British struggled to
turn the German right and join hands
with the beleaguered Belgians within
the walls Of Antwerp. To save them
selves the Germans brought UP their
! biggest guns against the city. After
| ten days of pounding, Antwerp fell and
Germany's finger was on the trigger of
that loaded pistol. pointed as Napoleon
said. at the head OF England. Thence
eiic tio"ocu ioi " diu over dunes OF
Flanders. past Ostend and to where the
little river User runs like a ditch across
the sandy wastes. Behind that moat
the herioc remnant of the Belgian
army. shoulder to shoulder with the
British. denfends the last, poor little
corner remaining of the kingdom Of
Belgium.
From time to time the Germans have
risen out of the ground to burst their
oil lr;,-
of Calais. Paris having ceased to be
their objective. They have brought out
monster guns that fire twenty miles
and more. They have rolled walls of
poisonous gases upon their foes. But
the Belgians have opened the sluices
OF the canals and flooded their own coun-
tryside: the British bulldogs have held
their trenches and British warships have
shelled the advancing column.
The allies Of the entente. too. re-
peatedly have strained to break the
deadlock. But the capture of de-
serted hamlet or a few acres of drear.
yellow earth has cost them from 1000
to 1000. And the French are content
to pursue the housing strategy of nib
bling" as Joffre terms it.
The English at home were cheered
surance that the war really would be-
gin in the spring. when Lord Kitchener
would have his recruits trained for
service. Now they are beginning to
hear the whispered warning that they
may have to wait another year to see
the beginning of the advance to the
Rhine.
The Deadlock ON the Sea.
Whenever the Kaiser has thought to
down his western foe, the Car has
pulled him OF. Out Of that wilderness
of humanity called Russia. swarms have
time and again poured into Germany
and Austria. They have thrice beaten
the Austrians to their knees. But IN
the end tie invading elavs have been
put to iSnominous hight
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01

On the sea as on the land. the year
I has been a deadlock. II is true that by
her mere presence in overwhelming
Naval strength Britannia has continued
to rule the wave and that not a German
Naval or merchant flag may be shown
outside the Baltic. England has effectu-
ally turned the sea into a desert i'm
passa Bile to German trade. But this rep
resents no victory won. no net gain. For
England controlled the seas 200 years
before this war began.
England entered the war with two OBJ
jects: First. to prevent a great military
power from dominating Europe and
controlling the natural landing places
OF the British on the Continent. They
have always regarded 1t just as vital
to their interests that a masterful rival
should not hold those ports as II is to
Staten Island and Nantucket that those
islands should not be baned from the
neishbC:ing mainland.
Second, to smash the German navy
and set back for a generation the
Kaiser's ambition to be the Admiral
of the Atlantic"
In pursuance of object number one.
British troops are holding the sandy
stretches to Calais. but they have yet
to drive the Germans out of the Bel
gian ports. And England Is no nearer
the realization of object number two
than she was a year ago. for the Ger
man fleet still is in being" and Ger
man shipyards have seen to II that
the Kaiser's navy is stronger than
when England first sicked her gray
wolves upon it.
4 Deadiocked War.
Afloat and ashore. modern weapons
have stalled IL they have not really
slain the Goliath of war. Little. hid
den mines. when protected against
mine sweepers by the guns Of harbor
forts. are as fatal to the super-Dread-
nought as the trap is to the lobster.
A $15,00o,00 battleship is helpless in
marine. And German submarines have
stolen down the British and French
coasts. past the guns of Gibraltar. and
traversed the Mediterranean. II might
almost he said that Englands con-
troll is limited to the top of the sea.
Wellington said that the chief bust
ness of a military commander is guess
ing what 10 on the other isde of . hill.
But II is no longer so. 1t is the busi-
ness of a commander now to hold a
telephone to his ear and let an aviator
tell him what is beyond the hill. War
Ii guesswork no more and victory
waits not upon a daring wizard like
Napoleon.
The aeroplanes have torn away the
curtains and taken the roof off. They
have stripped warfare of its surprises
Won kluck turned away from Paris
only because two young aviators told
him what he was up against.
The 42-centimeter gun made dust of
the costlisst forts thar the ingenuity
II gan ever devised. But the fortress
II the gopher outmatches the science
II engineers. Give him . hole in the
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01

Oct e-Gernans took Antwerp Russians again
inva,ied East Prussia.
Oct. I-Geiman drive on Warsaw failed.
Oct. s-Turxsy entered the
Nov. l-Giermln naval victory of Chilean coast
Nov. T-IspAnese took TsIngtsu.
Nor. a-(ieman cruiser linden sunk.
Nov "a seyond German drive on Warsaw failed.
Dec 2-Austrzns took Belgrade.
Dec. 6-tierrians captured LODI
Dec sBrItish naval victory n Falkland.
Dec. I-Aus Ians driven from Serbia
Dec. D-'ierman Polish camrai;n halted and SIX
nonlhs' deadlock began
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01

! sivn struggle Of unrelieved brutality.
Not an army has heen surprised. cut
off and captured. There are no battle
fields and no victories. The twentieth
century warhorSe proved to he only a
friGhtfHl nightmare whose whole nine
old hoof is over the chest Of huma nifty.
! With foes on either side of her. Ger
many necessarily had to strike first and
take the offensive. For she had TO whip
them one at a time and before all could
gather their full fighting strength. In
this role she was favored by her own
instant readiness and the unreadiness Of
two of her enemies. Russia and Eng
land. And France. being reader than
either of those allies. had to be dealt
with first.
On the seas. Germany could not hold
a place against the British. who were
twice powerful. to say nothing of
the entire allied fleet which unmatched
hers more than three to one. Therefore.
she hid her navy in the kieI Canal:
she saved her ports by strewing her har-
bo-s with mines and she sent out her
submarines to creep beneath the waters
from the face of which her great fleet
of Zoo merchant ships vanished like
fishermen scurrying to refuge before a
squall
Having abandoned the sea. or prudent
ly postponed the struggle for its mas
terry. Germany dismissed huge. slow
moving Russia as a negligible factor
for perhaps three months Taking two
Austrian corps from the very frontier
of the Car. she made a lunge at France
But not across the French frontier. for
that was chain of forts which. after
a year. remains unbroken. Without
minute to lose, she overruled, as Chan
cellor Bethmann Won Hollwegg frankly
announced to the Rechstag on August
4, the legitimate protests of the LuXem-
bourg and Belgian governments" but
with the promise to repair the wrong
we are doing as soon as our military
aims have been achieved
A Fatal FortniSht
Already two streams Of German
troops were pouring over the soil of
those neutral. buffer states. But the
day after the chancellor's statement,
one or the streams broke against the
Belgian fortifications at Liege
That iron ring stopped Germany for
a full fortnight. In those two weeks
so fraught with fate. while little Bel
gium held the bridge France in safety
prepared herself for the attack; Eng
land ferried her few trained troops
to the French shore and the Russian
giant rousing himself from his sleep. !
strobe across the German and Aus
TRAN frontiers.
With the fall of Liege on August 10, |
the lightning schedule Of Prussian war
was resumed. but too late.
was occupied by the German !
right wing OF the goth: Namur was |
smitten on the card. and the Belgian
army retired into its last stronghold |
At Antwerp. But the gray host did !
not turn aside. Boldly leaving the |
Belgian enemy on its flank. IL sped |
through the five gates OF Mons on |
the ,Sth and out upon the plains Of /
Northern France, where the two /
streams of invading Germans united
md flooded the land
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-08-01

Jan. l-Rn's'an advance on Hungar-
Jan. atiermans AGAIN turned back from Warsaw.
lar. Russians again active in East Prussia
IAN. E-TurHs az pesred at Suez.
Jan. Waterman submarines torpedo first merchant
ShITs
Feb 2-'irrat Britain ordered s>irur. of all food
destined Germany.
Feb. t-'isrmarv declared submarine war zone
iron Feb ls