The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-28

seem to worry England much. Natu-
rally the English secret service knew
ahout it and kept a. close ~ watch IN
the work of the spies a. the could. y
former officer of the British secret in
tclligence star has written "A ook on
the methods of the German secret SER
vice. which he caii~ The German Spy
system From within" 10 j. abpIt 20
bc published 10y the Gco"go II. poran
Company.
The selection ~ the higher class Of
epy, says the author in these days is
very largely n matter Of chance. AL
most In every case the man selected
must he blinguil, while II he has
three languages at his command so
much the better FOR him and for his
employers. In pure y military cspion-
age that which concerns plans Of FORTH
locations. estimates If strength AMI
movements, typographical surveying
.~~certainiug the character uf officers
and the possibility ~ influencing them
either 10y bribery or hla,kInLl II
general secret service work likely to
ht Of service To the great German Gen
,ral stan. capable and c.cver men
must he selected The German
waiter" ~ meludramotic fancy has lit
tie part in this class Of work for one
thing "A waiter has To perform stated
work nj stated times, and he is liable
10 suspicion being cas-, on him II he Is
q, man of irreeu ar habits or is In any
way unable to o naturally for
lis spare time. The clerk In an Office
- subject to the same disabilities. AMI
az a wnole 1t may he said that the
clerk and waiter class. II they are on
Gagged in espionage at all. are the small
Try Of minor supernumcraries agents
acting on behalf of the spies who pay
them instead ot spies in The direct EN-
ploy Of the German Government.
They are not given such work as
would involve their possessing enough
knowledge to make them dangerous in
themselves and are not the class whose
work need cause u~neasiness. The real
SPY neels al his time and all his free
dom Of movement. and he Is placed IN
such a position that he has thes' to
the full.
HIS training il a hard schooling nf
months. To be efficient for his work
he must be a qualified surveyor. able
to make plans of areas Of ground from
observation and often without instru-
ments, he must at the same time lie a
capable photographer for obvious rea-
sons. He must be able to Judge dis
tances under all conditions Of weather
and light. az an Instance of this may
be meg Toned the fully authenticated
case 4 the y who was set to
study he Forth Bridge and who
was ell pected to supply his Gov
ornment with full details Of the
bridge. Of how men could he placed
with a view 20 its instant destruc-
ton at a .-ivcn signal. NJ the geologi-
cal nature Of the land into which
the foundations OF the bridge were
built and of the quantities OF eN-
plosive REQUIRED To reduce the struc-
ture. The man selected to obtain
this Information nae to accomplish
his task without al, using suspicion;
he had to judge his distances solely
by pacing. observing angles and sub
sequen triangulation. and in this re-
spect his work was perfectly accu-
rate. for ne judged the distances To
a matter Of yards and heights to the
foot. Though these conceded with in
formation at the lSIONd VI III w
Der Of the public, apparently the great
German General STAFF placed no faith
n published Information, or IT least
wanted II confirmed.
Further. the military spy mus
know units of the British army al
sight and must have at hand II not
actually in his mind the code wore
by which each unit is tabulated a
berlin. He must know the code words
$50 for various patents Of gun, mus
lie conversant with classes OF eXplo'
sive and patterns OF shell and mus
lie able. II luck and his own ingenuity
should favor him. to carry in his minC
sufficient OF the ature and plan OF {
fortification to be able To draw a MAJ
Of the work to scale, as nearly as pos
sible. from memory.
In all purely technical details Of hi
work the military spy is trained II
matters military before he sets out OF
the smallest piece of work n h
ass examination. just as a membeI
Of the military service would. excep
that his examinations arc sitter thar
those of the officer and he IL reauire'
to know all where the officer is onl,
ASKED to acquire a part. For in tech
ntcal matters the military spy mus
never be at . loss; he must be abl'
10 place guns and men. works an,
engineering details with accuracy
since misinformation Is worse thai
none.
In the actual method employed il
obtaining information much % left 4
the judgment Of the spy. II Is
platitude that no two battles are eve
Identical in character, and thus IN
plans Of military commanders mus
vary with the line OF country. tn
strength OF the forces engaged an,
many other points; in the same wa!
the spies who pave the way for Ger
many's soldiers are never confronte
by the same conditions vice and he
must adapt their methods to fit III
circumstances Of each case. In this
the more delicate a difficult par
of their work, no amount OF trainin
can avail them, but all depends o
their natural ability TO make use q
men and Circ umslances, a quslit
which is more to BE- classed az wor
than as training, since It is eitho
part of the composition Of a man q
= definitely lacking and not to Il
impaired 10y any training.
Naval spying is practically annlo
"ous with military work in character
except that all the training must II
d'votrd te familiarity with the de
tails of naval work and Construc,iO