The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1915-08-03

wilma. capturing most Of the former
province, but lost the greater part OF
this territory as a result OF Field Mar
shall Won Mackensen's great drive from
CracoW. The Germans invaded Rus
sian Poland, and their attempts to
capture Warsaw led to some of the
deadliest fighting of the war. In time
the struggle here settled down to
trench warfare, much as in the west,
with Germany retaining a large part
of Russian Poland. Russian invaSlons
of East Prussia resulted in disastrous
defeats. Further north, the Germans
swept into the Baltic provinces OF
Russia, capturing Libau, on the sea-
The unprecedented extension OF battle
lines Which this war has witnessed
reached it's most remarkable
fcation in this campaign, in which the
front has been drawn out more than
500 miles, from the Baltic to Buko-
| wilma.
Italy Gets In.
Italy, after ten months of uncer-
tainty, began war with ~Austria-Hun-
| gary, in May, and has occupied a
fringe of Austrian territory in the
mountainous region to the north.
| Trent. and Trieste are the detectives Of
the Italian campaign. Owing to the
difficult nature of the ground neither
Of the antagonists has made much
Roadway.
On the IdlIlQOl PENINSULA, III lHc
| D~ardanelles and in the Bosphorus
Turkey, aided by her TeutOnic allies,
is at war with France Great Britain
and Russia, with possession of Con-
stantinople as the great stake. Fol-
lowing. the failure of the naval as
sault on the Dardanelles by an Anglo
French feet, troops were landed on
the peninsula. Few details of this
campaign are available, and little is
known beyond the fact that the fight
ing has been particularly severe, and
that the allies have occupied n re-
tanned the tip Of the peninsula.
Serbia and Montenegro, the former
assisted by British troops, are at war
with Austria-Hungary. The Austrian
invasion of Serbia ended in failure.
On the M~Ontenegrin front there has
been only desultory fighting. Both
Serbia and Montenegro have recently
invaded Albania, with the object Of
obtaining ports on the sea.
On Asiatic soil Russia is at war with
Turkey in the Black Sea region.
Neither side has employed large num-
bers of troops in this campaign. There
has been fighting in the Caucasus and
Persia, with no great accomplish
Iments. Further south, in Meesopota-
? mia, there has been sparodic fighting
: between Turkish and British troops.
{ Turkey ent an army to attack the
! Suez Canal, but the main body of
: troops failed to reach it's objective.
9 In Africa French and British troops
occupied Togoland and part of the
$ Kamerun, German possessions. A
d British attack on German East AT
e RIGA was defeated.
g The insular possessions of Germany
in the Pacific were captured by Grea1
Britain and Japan.
h Tsing-Tau, the German fortress il
f China, was captured by the Japanese
n l oi6nN hu q PrifiCh nnnfinonrf
No Great Sea Battles.
- On the seas there have been NJ
: great battles. Great Britain's supre
macy, owing to the overwhelming sis
q of her fleet, has no been disputed t.
: the ultimate. Issue. the main German
= fleet having remained in home waters
Two German cruisers which we're il
= went to the Dardanelles, and were &C
quired by Turkey. A few German
cruisers and converted merchantmen
including the famous Emden, and tn
Karlsruhe, Kronprinz Wilhelm an
Prinz Eitel Friedrich, raided shippln
of the allies for a time, but wer
eventually sunk or forced to intern i
- neutral ports.
. The AustrO-Hungarian fleet has re
: mained in h Adriatic and the Turk
ish fleet has been kept from. tn
- Aegean. Germany's merchant marin
has been swept from the sea.
There have been several naval ba1
~ ties of importance, however. In til
first month of the war Rear Admir-;
~ Beatty's squadron dashed into Helgt
- land Blight, near the great Germa
naval station, and sank three Germa
cruisers and two torpedo boat destro!
oa ers. In January occurred a battle
the North Sea between Britt h wa
ships and a German squadron whiC
presumably was attempting a raid c
en- the English coast. In this battle tt
OF German cruiser Bluecher was sun
er The German Far East squadron d,
lie feated Vice Admiral Craddock's Bri
ish squadron off the Chilean coast r
November 1, sinking the Good Ho,
is and Monmouth. The British oil
ce tanned their revenge in Decemb,
n when, off the Falkland Islands.