Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1915-02-25

the milk p1ii and consequently tho own
J ers poclictbouk
Food. The food substances required by
a cow water, ash, protein. carbohy-
drates and fat. Tho first three are used
for repair material and the last two for
fuel The amount Of milk a cow gives
| Is usually In direct proportion To the
amount Of food she consumes over and
above her maintenance requirement That
Is to say, the big eater is usually the
big producer.
Blood Since milk is made from the
blood constituents. nature has made spe-
cial provision for the blood supply Of the
udder Arteria blood Is furnished IN
abundance. while impure venous blood ie
! returned TO the heart by three separate
routes.
Udder. In the udder the raw food mate
rails are changed into milk. 1t Is filled
with ducts. fbrous tissues muscles, nerves
and blood vessels. the whole structure as
suming a spongy condition
FARM MANAGEMENT.
Professor Burdick wrested with Farm
Labor Problem" He said that 1t may
be discussed both from a national and a
! local point of view.
There are few more mon on farms to-
day than formerly, vet our population Is
rapidly increasing. The number Of farm
ers does not increase proportionately be-
cause of the improvements in farm ma
| chnery. making 1t possible for one man
to drive more horses and raise more
crops. It has been suggested that city
! men become farmers or farm laborers or
that farmers double their present yields
Inot
able till our population becomes as dense
as that of Europe Europe on the eQufva-
lent area has 10000 600 more people than
we yet the federal census estimates that
5000 600 United States farm workers pro.
duce half as much grain as 100000 farm
workers in Europe. Europe secures
large yield per acre but a low yield per
man. Doubling our present farm yields
would glut the market and help no one.
Boys leave the farm because there Is
not enough real work to keep them at
home When the farm business
10 large and there Is something
doing the boy Is in the thick
Of It. If the work Is mostly putter and
the boy gets no return for himself. he
leaves There Is little or no labor prob
lem on well managed farms II men are
paid good wages. kept busy at work that
counts. given work which arouses per-
sonal interest and entails responsibility
with pay in proportion TO results; II the
owner plans ahead for seasonal and daily
labor and uses labor saving devices. the
labor problem Is solved.
Mr.. Wilson stated the Factors That
Determine Profits in Farming in YER
mont" He said that three important
factors affecting profts from farming
are % size of business. t2) diversity
of business and (3) quality of busi-
ness.
Size This may be measured in
many ways: by total capital invested.
number of men employed. number OF
acres crops raised, number Of cows
kept, etc Seventy-two Orleans county
farm records show that farmers with
less than $4,000 invested in their farm
business received on the average $e1S
for their own labor for the year; those
with from $4,000 TO s7.400 capital re-
ceived 1861. while those with over
$500 capital received s4o9. A small
grocery business does not yield large
profits; why should a small farms
Diversity. Tho number OF main
sources Of income has its effect. Or
leans county farmers with only one
source of income above 5000 received
only $50 for their years work: those
with two, sso8; those with three. t&68:
those with four or more. $y9S. Gen
orally speaking, those who do not put
all their eggs IN one basket are moro
successful
Quality. The receipts per GOV, the
yields OF crops, the amount Of work
done per man, etc. are good indica-
tions of quality. In Orleans county
the farmers whose dairy cattle brought
In less than s4s per head received on
tho average only $50 for their years
work those whose cattle brought in
from SIG to $50 per head made 1881,
those whose cattle brought In from S5s
to $50 per head ma6e s42S. those whose
cattle brought In over $40 per head
received sass. Clearly 1t Is poor bus
mess to keep boarder cows
| In addition to their labor income.
these farmers in each case had a house
I'm which to live and much Of their
living from the farm. milk. butter,
eggs, meat, firewood. etc.
Professor Burdick explained the Fac
tors of Efficiency in Farming. saying
that these are factors which affect tho
lduoT -lncofHe OF pTOHt OF farming. Some
of the most important factors have been
averaged for many farmers and the re-
suits bring out the following points:
Farmers seldom make as much as they
pay their help. II they have less than
5000 invested In the business When
$4,000 to $1,000 Is invested, the outcome
is better AT least 100 acres Of crops
Is needed to give opportunity to use
modern machinery. larger teams and to
keep one hired man the year around
There should be one milch COW, or
equivalent productive animal, for each
three to five acres of crops, This gives
animals enough to utilize the forage and
pasture and furnish manure to grow
crops, There should be from two to
four main sources of income. including
an animal product. stock and some cash
crop Few specialists make exception.
ally high incomes, The crop Yields
should be from ten to 10 per cent. bet
ter than the average at present. hut
the highest Yields do not give the n.
est income. as they are secured at g
expense The receipts per COW shu.u
be at least one-haf better than the pres
ent average No'' successful farms
carry No'" ''l he from