davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Rodrigo 0ctavio of Brazil
Talks of International | aw

Efforts in the codification of inter-
national law are desirable, but should
olnerentiate between public and pri-
vate international law, according to
Rodrigo Octavio Of Brazil, who ad
dressed the section on international
law today.
The governments of the nations.
he said. should choose the opportune
time and the means for accomplishing z
the codidcation of international law.
which codification would be less dim
cult to bring about through partial
conventions. The codifcation of pri-
vate International las. which deals
with the relations of the individuals
as between themselves. should be done
by the governments in cooperation
with private legal societies"
DE- Octavio said the American Insti
tute OF International Law should take
the Initiative in efforts to be made
IN the United States in the direction of
codihcatton. connecting its activities
IN TINS work with those of the national
societies. with a view to generalizatio
and uniformity
Evening star., 1915-12-30
FAVORED BY CHANCE TO END.
Garfield on Way to Surrender Insur'
ance Policy When He Met Death.

NEW YORK. December 30.-Chance
favored Richard Garfield, gambler and
art connoisseur. even in his death from
a fall down the steps Of subway sta
ton about a year ago.
1t was learned today that Canfield was
on his way. at the time OF his death, TO
surrender his life insurance policy and
to obtain a check for S1o.44S. represent
ing it's surrender value. The accident
which resulted in his death prevented
him from signing a release to the insur-
ance company. The executor of his
estate sued the insurance company for
the value OF his policy and obtained
Judgment yesterday for $33,s3s.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Institute to Reconstruct Inter-
national Proceedings 0rga-
nized by 105 PubIicists.
ELIHU ROOT IS NAMED
HONORARY PRESIDENT
James Brown Scott Heads Organiza.
ton, While Other Officers Are
Latin Americans.

An American Institute of 1nterna-
tional Law has been forGed out of the
sessions of the Pan-American Scientific
Congress. with los publicists, the insti-
tute having decided to take five men
from each of the twenty-one American
countries. Actual work will begin to-
morrow at the Pan-American Union
building, where organization plans
will be discussed and a scope of activi-
ties outlined.
The object of the institute, according
to many of its members, is to endeavor
to reconstruct the international legal
structure of the world, especially the
western hemisphere. 1t is an advance
which is the result of the labors of the
American Society of international Law.
At the time of the founding of this lat
ter society Robert Bacon. then assistant
secretary Of state, made tour of South
and Central American countries and
strongly urged the formation of inter-
national law societies in each country.
In practically every case this was done.
and the men who will compose the new
international institute will be named
from those societies.
The honorary president of the institute,
chosen yesterday. Is Elihu Root, former
Secretary of State, and former senator
from New York.
Officers Of the Institute. ~
President, James Brown Scott, secre-
tary Of the Carnegie endowment for In
ternational Peace. and formerly solicitor
of the State Department.
Secretary general. Alexander Alvarez,
former counsel of foreign affairs of Chile
Treasurer, Lewis Anderson, former min
Scfc of fnv <Fai
The members of the institute represent
Robert Bacon. John Bassett Moore, Prof
Leo s. Rowe Of the University of Pitts
burgh and President Scott
The organization called upon Secre-
tened to an address from him. He said
that the breaking down of interna-
tional relations between European
countries had made the Americas the
guardians of the rights of international
law. He spoke of the need of a sys-
tenn of international relations founded
on justice.
Mr.. Scott outlined the object of the
institute as follows:
Object Of the Institute.
% To study problems of interna-
tional law in an endeavor to define and
develop principles of justice that can
be applied to relations between all the
American states.
(2) To build up a system of justice
for all that the governments Of the
tWenty-one American states will be
glad to adopt as a standard of inter-
national law between the Americas.
go To slowly expand this system un-
til the appeal of the leaders of thought
in the American countries will extend
over the whole domain of international
relations, and thus slowly cement the
friendship of the people of the whole
world.
The ambassador from Chile, DIR. Don
Eduardo Suarez-Mujica, and Elihu
Root. both leaders in the institute
movement, were among the other
speakers
Evening star., 1915-12-30

the school should get hold Of them
sooner. keep them longer and make
wise use OF their play to develop re-
sourcefulness, initiative and self-re-
spect in their tasks. was the declara-
ton of Miss Sophonisba Breckenridge
OF the University of Chicago, in an ad-
dress before the educational section
this morning.
Women and girls have availed them
serves ably of the educational oppor-
tunities hitherto offered them, she as.
serted. and there is no reason to be-
lleve that they. would not respond to
opportunities more closely related to
current demands. A knowledge of gov
ernmental administration is most i'm
portant for women. she said, because
tney must rely on this as condition
Evening star., 1915-12-30
WARRANT ISSUED
FOR MR.. BUCHANAN
Application Made This After
noon to the United States
Commissioner.

Warrants were sworn out this after
noon before United States Commission
er Taylor for the arrest of Represen-
tatiye Frank Buchanan, former Rep
resentative H. Robert Fowler, Herman
Sehulteis and H. B. Martin, on infor-
nation contained in copies of federal
indictments returned in New York, al
leging conspiracy to foment strikes in
munitions works. The papers were re-
ceived this afternoon by the district at
torney.
1t was understood that the men
against whom the indictments were re-
turned in New York would surrender
without being formally arrested. The
district attorney, it was stated, would
ask that bail be fixed at $1,000 in the
case of each of the men for whom war;
rants were issued.
A representative of Snowden Mar
shall. United States attorney at New
York. brought the warrant and con-
ferred with officials in charge of the
prosecution.
Supreme Court Decision Cited.
A decision of the Supreme Court in
1908, written by Justice White, now
chief justice. is regarded as sufficient
authority for the official contention
that members of Congress are en-
titled to no immunity in criminal
prosecutions.
In that case Representative William
son, Oregon. was fined and sentenced
October 10, 1905, to ten months i'm
prisonment upon conviction of con-
spiracy to suborn perjury. His term
did not expire till March 4. 1907. He
protested that he would be deprived
of the right to attend and return from
the ensuing session of Cogress
Justice White decided against him,
holding that the words treason, felony
and breach of the peace" used in the
Constitution to designate exceptions to
immunity, should be construed in the
same sense as those words were COM
monty used, and understood in Eng
land, as applied to the parliamentary
privilege, and as excluding from the
privilege all arrests and prosecutions
for criminal offense and confining the
privilege to arrests In civil cases."
Mr.. Buchanan conferred with COL
leagues over the probability of his GO
ing to New York to appear without
awaiting arrest if such a course would
not interfere with his rights and duties
as member of the House.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
MOVIE CONCERNS ORGANIZE.
Form a Protective Association at Los
Angeles Meeting.

LOS ANGELES. December 30.-Pre-
liminary steps toward the organization of
protective association were taken here
last night at a meeting of representatives
Of practically every motion picture con-
cern in Los Angeles. it was announced
today.
1t was denied that the action of the
motion picture interests had any connec-
ton with the proposed investigation by
the district attorney of the assertions by
Clergyman and others that immortality
exists in many Of the picture camps
and studios Of the city.
The announcement stated that the mo-
ton picture interests were banding to-
gether for their mutual betternent and
protection.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Says Germany and Britain
Have Violated Every Law
Which Stood in Their Way

Dr. Theodore s. Woolsley. formerly
professor of international law at Yale
University, speaking before the Ameri-
can Association Of International Law.
in joint session with the international
law section of the Pan-American Sci
entinc Congress. yesterday. accused
Germany and Great Britain of having
violated, under the plea of military ne
cessity. practically every law that
stood in their way.
Neutral rights" he said, ARE no
longer regarded. The world is full OF
plotting and espionage, of explosion
and arson, of duplicity and treachery;
and civilization. which means the reign
Of law. sinks below the bloody hori-
Evening star., 1915-12-30
10000, 900 Covered by
Industrial Insurance

Twenty million people are covered by
some form of industrial insurance. ac-
cording TO Louis I. Dublin. statistician
of the Metropolitan Life Insurance
Company of New York. in talk before
the pan-American section on public
health today. He said that an inter
company exchange of mortality records
would undoubtedly prove a benefit. and
that many companies are interested in
developing the science Of vital statis-
tics 10 its ultimate degree.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
PRESIDENT HAS BUSY DAY.
Works on State Affairs All Forenoon
and Plays Golf.

HOT SPRINGS, Va. December 30
Correspondence sent by messenger
from the White House engaged Presi-
dent Wilson's attention today. Another
long letter from Secretary Lansing. the
third within three days. also was de-
livered to the President.
The President and Mrs. Wilson ex-
pected to play golf this afternoon.
They have been invited to attend a
New Year eve celebration at the hotel
and may do so.
The President and his wife. out for .
walk. were caught in the sudden storm
yesterday. A White House automobile
took them, dripping, back to the hotel,
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Will Fly at White House Ellipse.

Juan Domenjos, the Swiss aviator. is
scheduled to give some flying exhibit
tions with the Bleriot monoplane on
the White House ellipse beginning at
2:30 in the afternoon next Tuesday. He
has been in this country about three
months. He will give an exhibitioA Of
looping the loop while in the air.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Lake Steamer Nyack Burned.

MUSKEGON. Mich. December 30
The steamer Nyack. owned by the Cros-
by Transportation Company. and one of
the Oldest vessels in the passenger
business on the great lakes, burned
st hsr dock here today and sank to
the bottom. The origin Of the 1re is
unknown.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Shows Standards of Living.

The closing address of the morning
session was by Mrs. Virginia Mere
dith, on the subject Standards of Liv-
ing"
"Mother-love has been called intui-
ton and thought adequate for wom-
ans guidance. But advancement in
science and in art brings advancement
in philosophy. Thoughtful women be-
lieve that no mothers child is safe
until every mothers child is safe.
However adequate the sources of
knowledge. the standards can be ef-
fective only as a great body of women
is prepared to adopt and use them. Are
women growing to appreciate such
standards?
Household standards based on
science, rather than on tradition and
custom, control and improve the
health. tuberculosis, heart failure and
kidney affections can be prevented by
proper hygiene"
THE Importance of sleep is too little
understood. A pagan writer said the
nighttime of the body Is the day
time of the soul Even women of
moderate intelligence may be taught
the value of sleep for themselves. their
children and households.
Household inventions have releas-
ed women from drudgery to make her
free to spread the gospel Of better
| living, with higher standards OF food
clothing and shelter"
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Extent and Possibilities
of Farmers Cooperation,
Is Theme of c. E. Bassett

Charles E. Bassett of the new United
States Office of markets and rural or
ganization, Agricultural Department.
delivered an address this afternoon be-
fore section Of the Pan American
Scientific Congress. dealing with the
conservation Of natural resources. on
THE Extent and Possibilities OF Co
operation" in which he pointed out
certain ideas of use, perhaps, ne said'
to farmers organizations.
Mr.. Bassett said, in part:
"co-operation among farmers or
eanizations has in most cases not been
voluntary, but has been forced upon
them by necessity in competing with
private companies and individuals.
During the early stages of farming in
the United States the low value OF
virgin soils was such that individual
effort was remunerative even when
nroducts were marketed at low value.
The yise in land values and competi-
ton in marketing have now MADE CO.
oneration necessary, in order that
equitable proAts may be returned to
the grower
Failures Now Less Frequent.
"In the early stages OF cooperation
societies recorded failures due to in
sufficient education along cooperative
lines, lack of loyalty among members
and unsound business methods. AT the
uresent time cooperation extends to
al, branches of agriculture, and these
orua niZatfons market over Dillon DOL
Iars' worth of products annually. rail-
ives are less frequent and new com
panies are being iormeu HUT" iop'ois
as time goes on. .,
;ze that the success of their companies
denends upon their soundness as Dusi-
ness ORGANIZATIONS capable OF market
iny and distributing products OF the
farno with less friction and to greater
advantage in profit than is obtainaoie
through private companies
."rhe methods of conducting a CO
oDerative company must be sound In
business principles.
Improvement Is Extended.
The rails generally showed some ad-
vances but the trading was by no means
active Canadian Pacific made the one
h,o pa,n of this group when it advanced
90 ,Son as compared with closing at
1Ts last evening.
Fraction gains were the rule, u to Y
Of a point. The Erie shares were among
the leading rails.
As the session advanced. the improve
man, in oil shares, Hide and Leather pre-
ferred and Corn Products was extended,
and the market entered the second hour
Of the afternoon with a quiet, steady
tone.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Prohibitionists Select Minneapolis.

CHICAGO. December 30.-The prohi-
bi,ion national convention will be held in
Minneapolis July 10. it was announced
today by the prohibition national com.
Imittse. which 10 In session 1T its head.
quarters here.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
SENATOR T0F|GHT
NAMING Of ENVOY
Mr.. Borah Wants Firm Govern
ment and Settlement of U. S.
Demands by Mexico.

Determined opposition to the con-
f1rmation of the nomination of Henry
P. Fletcher as United States ambassa-
dor to Mexico until Carranza has es-
ia blished his government firmly and
until he has signified his willing
ness to accede to the American de-
mands for reimbursement for damage
to American property in Mexico, has
developed in the Senate, it was learned
today.
Senator Borah of Idaho. member OF
the foreign relations committee. by
which the nomination of Mr.. Fletcner
must be passed on before being sub
mitted to the Senate. said today that
he would strongly oppose the confirma-
tion under existing circumstances.
Not Opposed to Mr.. Fletcher.
Il am not opposed to Mr.. Fletcher"
said Senator Borah; 'fn fact. he may
be the best man we could send to Mex
leo. 1 am opposed to sending any am
bassador to: that country until Car
rama has shown that he can establish
his government in Mexico City and
until he has shown disposition 70 &C
cede to the American demands for IN
demnifcation for losses in. that country
There Is no government in Mexico
today worthy the name, and, in my
opinion. we should not recognize gov
eminent that does not govern unless
we intend to intervene there and help
build up government
Criticises Administration.
Senator Borah strongly criticised the
course of the administration with re-
gard to Mexico, and said that 1t had
led in large part to the contemptuous
attitude in which the. European nations
now regard the United States.
Opposition on other grounds. 1t is
said. will be made to the confirmation
Of Fletcher. Some of the democrats in
the Senate would like to see the fat
plum go to another man: Senator Kern.
the democratic leader. 1t Is saia, mas
heen under the impression that the Of
fice of ambassador to Mexico should go
to an Indiana man.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
'|SHAM SHELL REJECTED
BY SPECIAL NAVY BOARD
Report Says It Fails to Damage Un.
protected Hulk Under the
Water Line.

Abandonment Of experiments with the
high explosive shell fuse for navy use
invented by Willard S. Isham of New
York is unanimously recommended by
the special board of navy officers, head
ed by Rear Admiral Fiske, which has
been Investigating the subject for the
lsat fifteen months. The board finds
that the fuse fails to accomplish it's
object. described as being to make
possible shell fire against the unpro-
tected hulls of warships below the
water line.
The final report of the board, upon
which Capts. J. A. Hoogewerff and Roy
c. Smith and Lieut.. Commander H. G.
Sparrow served and to which Prof.
Dodge also was attached for a time,
was given out today by Secretary DAN
iels.
The last Congress made special ap-
preparations to carry out the expert
ments. but the board now recommends
that the inventor pay for any future
tests himself.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Exhaustive Investigation.


hospital shall be unlawful"
Exhaustive Investigation.
In reaching their decision the Com
missioners disposed of one of the most
exhaustive Investigations ever con-
Quoted by them and their representa-
tives In response to complaints by citi-
zens.
Mr. Stephens, who officiated as a sort
of master in chancery in the proceed
ings. began the taking of testimony
March is. Many witnesses were called
and twenty-three sessions were held.
Lengthy briefs and rebuttal briefs were
submitted.
1t was November before the record was
made up for transmission to the Com
missioners. Accompanying the record
was a brief review of the testimony BY
Mr.. Stephens and his conclusion that
the Commissioners would not be justi-
fed in law or in fact in revoking the
license
The District heads went over the evil
dence separately. and when Commits
sioner Brownlow presented his motion
in the case today it was imm ediately
approved by the other two members
of the board, Commissioners Newman
and Kutz.
Origin Of the Case.
The case originated with the fling OF
a petition by residents of Pinehurst
for revocation of the license. 1t soon
ELECTED the support of practically all
residents within a radius of a half
mile or more from the institution.
Several attorneys were called into
the fight, among the counsel for the
petitioners being Edward F. Colladay.
Clyde D. Garret, Andrew H. Wilson,
Levi H. David. Walter C. Clephane and
the firm of Douglas. Ruffin & Obear.
The sanatorium was represented by
the firm of Tucker, Kenyon a. Macfar-
land.
The principal charge of the protest.
ants was that patients had been per-
limits of the institution without at
tendants Witnesses also testified to
noises and other features which it was
claimed tended to make the institution
a nuisance to people living in that sec
ton.
Another point brought out was that
the original permit was for the care OF
nine patients, which limit had been ex-
ceeded as a result of the constructor
of an additional building, for which no
supplementary license had been issued
1t was frequently asserted In the
course of the hearings that the insti-
tuition had seriously deprecated the
value of realty holdings in that section
and that many owners had bought
homes in the neighborhood of the tract
later sold to the sanatorium in the be
lief that they were secure from busi-
ness and nuisances.
Following the formal investigation
the complainants filed affidavit of other
occurrences connected with the man
agement of the institution which they
alleged furnished additional ground for
the revocation of the license.
Evening star., 1915-12-30
WOULD KEEP TRADE
BUT RECENTLY WON
Means for Retaining Advan-
tage of U. S. to Be Discussed
at Conference Tomorrow.

One OF the most important gatherings
of the whole Pan-American Scientific
Congress is to take place tomorrow
morning at a session of the conference
on education for the foreign service at
the Pan-American Union building. The
session will begin at $50 o'clock and
will be open to the public. John
Barrett. director general Of the Pan
American Union. and secretary general
Of the congress, is to deliver an address
in which he will analyze. it is under
stood. the position in which the Ameri-
can republics will find themselves at
the close of the war in Europe. SO far
as their economic relation to European
countries Is concerned, and 1t is said
that he expects to make some comment
upon what delegates from Latin
America to the congress have had to
say to him in favor of the idea of politi-
cal unity and cooperation advanced
by Secretary Lansing. which is now
sweeping through the discussions of
those attending the Congress.
Other addresses will be delivered by
DR.. P. P. Claxton, United States COM
tomorrow's conference has been called
by Wilbur J. Carr, director of the con-
sular service. and DIR. Edgar Ewing
Pratt, chief of the bureau of foreign
ana domestic commerce. The meeting
will be thrown open for discussion,
after the addresses.
Other Speakers Invited.
Among those who have been invited
to take part in the discussions are Will
lard D. Straight of J. P. Morgan &
Co.. New York: Frank A. Vanderlip of
the National City Bank of New York,
Fairfax Harrison. president of the
Southern railway; E. N. Hurley of the
federal trade commission. John H.
Fahey. president of the Chamber of
Commerce of the United States: j. NJ.
Farrell. president Of the National Fed
Grated Trades Council: Elliott H. Good
win. secretary of the Chamber of Com
merce of the United States, and dele
gates from colleges and universities
who already have made beginning in
education for foreign service
In statement issued today in re-
gard to the conference it is said:
. After the war. what? Will the
United States sit supineIy by and let
Europe with her well trained repre-
sentatives in the foreign field, products
of special schools. win back the place
In the markets of the world that the
war and other circumstances have tenn
porarily placed in our hands? This is
the most important question that will
be discussed at the conference"
Evening star., 1915-12-30
More Time in the School
Shown to Be Need of Girls

A study of the employments into
which vSomsn and girls go shows that
Evening star., 1915-12-30
Findings of the Board.

The report follows in part: a. AS
shown in Mr.. Ishams letter to former
Representative Hobson. it is his belief
that he has developed, or can develop,
shell and fuse the main virtue of
which is that, in addition to it's deto-
mating II it hits thick or thin armor, IL
it falls short of its target in flight it
will not detonats on hitting the water,
nor will it. at certain ranges, ricochet,
but will detonate after making an un-
derwater run Of come length (suffi-
cient to lose it's forward velocity or
on striking an object. He believes that
by mine effect such detonation will
vitality damage q ships underwater
body at considerable distance. He
advocates the use Of a very high ex-
plosive in such shell. but is willing. for
the time being. to defer to naval opin-
ion in the use of less sensitive ex-
plosives.
ca After fifteen months experiments
and tests Mr.. Isham has failed to pro-
duce a fuse to secure the object he
seeks.
Evening star., 1915-12-30

foods and combinations consistent with
the income of the family. Degeneracy
is higher where food is insufficient"