davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-10-15

md feeling 2 thousand times better
Miss AMELIA JhQuuLAEp, 1851 Ie-
hounitoulas St, New Orleans. la.
ST. Clair. Pa. ~ BY mother was
alarmed because I was troubAzd vita
suppression and had pains la my back
and side. and severe headaches. I @aa
pimples on my face, my complexion was
saUow. my sleep was disturbed, had
nervous spells. was very tired and had
no ambition. Lydia z. Pinkhan's Veg
esable Compound has worked Ike
charm in my case and regulated me.
worked in a mill among hundreds Of
efrls and have recommended goaT medi-
ezne to many Of them. Miss EsTEILs
Mcguire. 40 Thwing st, St Clair, Pa
There IS nothing that teaches more
than experience. Therefore such let
tars from girls who have suffered and
we're restored to health by LYDIA L.
Piakham-s Vegetable Compound should
he q lessen to Others. The same remedy
IS within reach Of eli.
Il vou want special advice write to
lydia +. PIaAham Medicine "a Ic0nti-
GeatiaB Lynn Mass. IoET letter wiz
ne opened. read and answered by a
YE0man and held il strict confidence,
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-10-15

In lands where the hansn foarishes
the fruit s often baked without peel
inc until its rind bursts.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-10-15

and passes away the moisture This IS the modern
scientific sensible underwear
The cotton absorbs the moisture IF the body and
protects the flesh from lhe irritating wool The
WOOL Fepes the outer cold and retains the natural
heat Of the body The air spaces between the two
fabrics Fentiiates the garment and keeps it fresh
and dry DJ0FOLD underwear combines the
warmth Of the flat wool and the perfect fitting
qualities Of the elastic rib eliminating The IrLat-
ing discomfort Of both
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

extent. There are twenty-five es-
adjustments in the Fathcrland de-
voted to the manufacture OF coal tar
colors. The combined capitalization
OF twenty-one of these companies two
years ago amounted To $50, 100000 and
the dividends for that year totalied
81 900, 900. or 2l.74 per sent. OF the
non nal capitalization.
at is estimated that fully $500, 000,-
900 has been invested IN the industry
to bring II up to its present status,
and this gives us some idea Of what II
will mean on M part To make our
selves independent. OF course our
outlay need not be anything ike this.
because We can profit by German eX-
perience and. failing in that. We can
turn to Switzerland and ask her co.
operation under mutually helpful con-
ditions.
AS | figure II, We have been allow
ing something like SlO0, 900. 600 worth
of raw material to go To waste here
tofore annually that would have given
us the coal tar bases essential to the
production OF dyestuTs. certain me-
d~iClnals. Photographic developers and
some chemicals needful in the making
of modern high explosives. Instead.
except to an extremely modes, de-
gree, we have gone abroad, princi-
pauy to Germany, for the Crudes and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

necessary intermediates. This is be-
cause the vas bulk OF our coke ovens
have been Of the old bee hive type.
from which i; is practically impossible
to collect the by-products required by
this department OF latter day chemls-
try.
The modern retort ovens make il
possible to save the coal tar and am
mon!a and 70 extract from the gas
the bcnzol and toluol needed for the
making of aniline dyes. AT the same
time more coke per pound Of coal is
obtained.
o course these retort ovens and
henzol towers are initially far more
expensive than the old bee hive ovens,
and this costly substitution would not
be justified unless we had a market
for these by-pruduCts. But the mar
ket is now here, because the German
crudcs and Intermediates are no
longer available in quantities TO meet
the demands of our various indus
tries. For the sake Of u better under
standing let me explain what | mean
by crudes and Intermediates.
IAN modern coal tar dyes. some
medicines, some Photographic de-
vclopers aud "A number OF high eX-
plus'vcs are made from ten primary
crudcs, among which are benzol.
% .uol, anthracene, n~aphthalene, Xylol.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05
Steps on East Front Being Replaced,
and Plans Call for Expenditure
of Millions More

sion.
Plans for such an extension have
been made and cal for a white marble
portico on that side, with " aprons
stretching between the old or central
portion of the building and the wings.
These aprons will furn' sh twenty-four
additional rooms. and. like those or the
east front. they will open into "A long
| corridor or passaReway. running north
and south and lighted from interior
courts.
At the present time there Is prac-
tically only one passageway from end
to end Of the Capitol. When the con-
templated improvements have been
made there will be two additional cor
ridors running ~lengthwisc OF the build
ing on Its TANKS. which will adj
greatly to the convenience OF getting
about.
The corridor on the east side will
open at It's south end into Statuary
Hall ION the main floor, and at Its
north end into the precincts OF the
Supreme Court. on the same floor the
west side corridor will open at its
south end into Statuary Hall and at
its north end into the conference room
OF the Supreme Court. Arrangements
on the ground floor will correspond.
Probably the total cost of all the alter
atoms here described will not exceed
5000, 000-less than the expenditure
for either OF the two annexes recently
erected to accommodate the offices OF
members Of the House and Senate.
Suggestions have been made from
time to time that 1t might be wise to
improve the appearance OF the ro-
tunda by lining IL with white marble,
flooring II with mosaic and substitut-
Ing sculptures for the Brumidi frieZe.
But these changes are never likely TO
be made because of the historical in
terest attaching to the great circular
room as IL now stands. its implanted
walls showing the original color OF the
bare sandstone. auarried in Virginia.
out OF which the Capitol was built.
Senator O'Gorman OF New York and
other members Of Congress have been
interested recently in trying to pro-
cure an appropriation for the compile
ton of the famous Brumidi frieze,
which runs around the upper part OF
the rotunda. As Brumidl planned 1t
the frieze was TO consist of n series
OF pictures, as follows: The Landing
Of Columbus "Cortez Entering the
Hall OF M~ontezuma,' "Pizarro's Con-
quest Of Peru" Burial of De Soto"
Landing of the Pilgrims Penn
Signing the Treaty With the Indians
plymouth Colony" "Oglethorpe and
the Indians" Battle OF Lexington"
Declaration OF Independence" Sur
render Of Corvallis Death OF Te-
cumseh." Gen. SCOTS Entry Into the
City of Mexico" and discovery OF
Gold in California"
When he died. in February. 1850,
he had got only as far as Penn Sign
ing the Treaty" But all OF his car
looms for the rest of the frieze had
been made and the entire work was
measured out so carefully to scale
that his successor might easily have
completed 1t in exact accordance with
the original design. But this sue
cessor. who was another Italian named
Costaggini, thought that he would like
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

when, as I have said, we
have plenty OF skilled men here and
an abundance OF raw material, or. TO
be more exact, would have II We
we're not so wasteful. The foundation
for this trade OF Germany's was laid
half a century ago, when h indus
try of artificial dyestuffs was still in
s%waddling clothes.
"A remarkable number OF German
chemists OF the first rank and OF the
second rank were attracted to the
then new enterprise. The admirably
equipped laboratories of the German
universities and schools OF science
were devoted largely to research in
the fresh field. simultaneously in
Germany the molecular constitution
Of the aromatic hydrocarbons was re-
vealed by Kekule and "A vast amount
of scientific knowledge, keen mental
effort. high inventive capacity and pa
tient labor were devoted to applying
the new theories TO the discovery OF
tinctorial compounds among the de-
rivatives Of the aromatic series.
"A small army Of plodding, clever,
young chemists carried out thou
sands and thousands Of separate re-
searches under the leadership OF bril-
liant men. Far more was done in
Germany to develop the possibilities
in the province of synthetic dyes than
in all the rest Of the world,
THE notable triumph of this period
was the Introduction of synthetic all
zarin, the substitute for the reds of
the madden plant, which we imported
in 1913 to the value of nealy $1,000
900. During the sos, there was an
increased appearance o new classes OF
important dyes. II was the golden
decade. The industry was recognized
az one OF the greatest national assets
Of Germany.
I'm the '90s there was n decided
lull in invention. Great attention,
however, was devoted to the stand
ardizing of manufacture, and es-
p~ecially to the organization of the
foreign trade. Germany became praC-
tically Independent of the world in
regard to its supply Of coal tar crudes.
THE relations between the great
manufacturing houses became cordial,
and there was a general spirit of CO.
operation. The manufacture of a
81 UNIV VI hlNhlNlllalS alu pun
%tographiC chemicals from coa tar in
termediates was added to the produce
ton of d%yestutfs. Great quantities OF
these Intermediates were also en-
ployed in the preparation of high eX-
plosives.
"All this contributed to make the
industry better balanced and more
symmetriC. while, Of course, adding to
its complcXlty. The present century
has seen a steady development. Syn
thetic indigo won its great victory.
The discovery Of new types of colors
has become rare. Close trade agree
ments have come into existence with
Government approval. and have been
maintained without difficulty. At
present the industry is the most re-
munerativc In The empire-when 7
say at present 7 mean up To the time
of the war-and the one most Con-
splCuous in international trade az dis
tInctly and predominantly German.
The German dyestufY industry has
drawn both upon the brains and the
capital OF the country to a very large
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

phenol and cresol. From these pri-
mary crudes chemical works Of a high
character prepare nearly 500 ~so-called
intermediates, compounds that are not
dyes, but which are susceptible by
direct reactions Of being transformed
into coloring matters.
From these part way advanced raw
materials the dyemakers manufacture
more than nine hundred different dye
stuffs. nov currently sold in the
worlds markets. In a great many
cases the ultimate transformation
from intermediates To the finished
product calls for relatively simple
manipulation or assembling.
"Our duty on cruces and interme-
dates is only 10 per cent, while the
tariff on finished dyes is 80 per cent.
Because of this the German factories
have been able to dominate our mar
ket by underselling heretofore comes
tic efforts in the direction Of the pro-
duCt!on of crudes and Intermediates,
and at the same time their more in
innate knowledge Of the art has made
Il possible for them to keep in their
hands the fabrication of the finer and
more costly co.orlngs.
Happily now some Of our biggest
cooking plants have recently built up
to date retort ovens, while other es-
Establishments have embarked upon the
manufacture of crudes and intcrmc-
dates. From now on each day will
see an increased output Of american
made coal tar Colors. and II should he
a satisfaction to us to know That some
Of our native chemists are already
making important discoveries in the
art.
But don't let us be carried away by
what might be called our promising
start, because IL would. undoubtedly
take the better part of "A decade To dc
velop the industry in all of It's branches
and bring Il up to a state where IL
could stand alone. We have the
natural raw products now within our
reach and we likewise have plenty OF
what might be termed raw technical
skill and an abundance of capita ready
to embark in the business provided the
Government protects for "A sufficient
time this new industry against its
German rival. This does not neces-
sarily mean changing the tariff, but il
does involve the appl cation of the
American laws against monopoly Ia
foreign corporations doing business
within II gates and seeking to pre-
vent or throttle domestic effort.
But quite apart from these ncccs-
sary c|ontributive quantities there is
one factor lacking to bring into cN
istencc a genuine American coal tar
dyestun industry. | mean the Cos
operation Of "A few men possessing
highly developed capacity for organ
i~zation, combined with "A perfect eX-
%perimental command of the exceed
ingly complex and intricate Tie d Of
color chemistry in all Of its ramiiica-
tions-men such as created in the past
the great works on and near the Rhine
and are now directing them. II Is
precisely this lacking factor which
might he supplied to the young Amer
can industry from "A close cooperation
on the part OF the Swiss firms en-
gagged in the production of artificial
colors.
The finely organized and highl,
! specialized STATS OF the great work.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

Ia put into the frieze some ideas Of
his own. and accordingly. in contin-
uing il. he crowded the Brumidi pic
lures as much as he could. with a
view to leaving a good allowance OF
space for himself when he should come
TO h end.
Costagginl died in April. 1907. He
had by that time finished the entire
design as laid out by Brumidi's car
toons-this having been required of
him under the terms of his employ
ment-but. owing to his crowding of
the pictures, the two ends of the
frieze did not meet as they were meant
to do. Something like one-ninth OF the
entire circuit was left blank. between
the beginning OF the Landing of
Columbus and the end OF the Dis
covery of Cold This blank still re-
mains. Congress has so far neglected
to apprc pirate money to fill the gap.
In the meantime Statuary Hall
in early days the chamber of the
House OF Representatives. becom-
ing uncomfortably crowded. Under
the law, each State of the Union is
entitled to place therein two statues
of men whom 1t deems most worthy
II that honor. Although only about
half the total number Of States are
represented as yet by statues, there Is
already a congestion. and 1t is pro-
posed TO transfer some Of them to the
gallery, from which in former times
visitors looked down upon the pro-
ceedings OF the legislative body.
Historically speaking. the most In
teresting portions OF the Capitol are
the Rotunda and Statuary Hall. Il
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05
Model of the Capitol with east
front extended as proposed.

years. That she does not battle
oftenpr is due to the fact that the
luxury costs $500 on each occasion.
Standing as she does at an eleva-
tion W 3j7 feet, IL is not an q mat
ter to get at her. In the course II a
decade she becomes 80 thickly en-
crusted with copper rust that the stun
pecis of IN big fakss. Experience
has shown that u weak solution Of
nitric acid eats oil most VI 1t, the final
sCrubbing being done with CASTLE soap
and water.
1t is estimated that the goddess has
been struck at least 100 times by
lightning. she Is provided with a sys-
tenn of lightning rods " ~ them
on her shoulders and five more on
her helmet. The tips OF the rods are
burned of after a while by fire from
the skies and have to lac replaced at
intervals 10y new ones uf bronze and
platinum, In places the metal Of the
statue has actually been gouged out
10y bolts. and now and then patching
IL required.
Lots of curious discoveries are made
by visitors with respect To the paint
inGs in the Capitol. Said one sight
seer the other day To an official guide.
pointing n stuhby finger II the huge
painting Of Washington Resigning
Ills Commission" in the Rotunda
Did you ever notice that one of those
girls in that picture has three hands,
\ look Of extreme fatigue stole Owe
the face Of the guide. who tuok the
man by the arm, led him closer to the
picture and said:
Il suppose that idea is at least fifty
years old. You see. standing in the
foreground Of the painting there are
two young girls, almost life size. They
are very pretty young girls, but one
OF them. some people imagine. his
three hands. ono left hand rests on
the shoulder of her companion; an
other left hand is around the COM
panion's waist. The supposition Is
that the artist, Trumbull, painted both
hands to see which pose he preferred,
and then forgot To- paint out the one
that was superfluous.
But the act is that there are not
three hands; at all events, the girl
has only two. The people who criti-
else the painting do not eve know
that the young girls in the foreground
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

mand Of the reasonably near ,l,lr,
But. as YOU enow, this mak.us of ,ua.
tar products is by no meas .u,n.4l
to meeting the requirement. ~ ,a4
users Of dyes.
we "A great deal to ,ua. ,ar -
It's medicin4ls. every pIutu.rap't-
acknowledges his debt. and now COME,
the consideration Of the part t.
hitherto wasted by-produc' ., q n,j
coal plays in making modern Hr
either extensively or ~defensty,.a pn>,.
bic. The coal tar crudcs Of |Lr.i'ss,
importance in the manutt,'.rnE o..
explosives are hcnZcuo. ..He.
naphthaleno, and phcnpl cor ,.'''.,
acid. by various treatments ~. V..r'
acid We get what are term. r'ro.
substitution products. ana tU'.o irs
either explosives thcmsclV.- .r red.
ful ingredients in the fahviya'.Y ~ cK.
plosive mixtures.
~"frohably no nitro-Suhst.tu' H. IN.
pounds are more cXteuSlyc,y .-.t =
the explosives industry tlIw u.''.'I'
uenes. This stun has the ul..'~.. :
Scnsitl2ing certain tNpo~ ne
monium-rltrutr explosives t.l nr'
t!cular!y uscfu, In tho fo.G. I
.ow freezing dynamite 80 Wy
employed in coal mining
Germany has found p.r. AZ
line triuitrntolucnc CNgorI'- "'
ticient as a bursting charge . n "''
~torpeGoes and explosive ~u,
the French melinite and Oh. l'.tsa
1,l Ia -H
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05
By RENE BACHE.


- HE great flight Of steps on the
cast front OF the Capitol at
Washington is being rebuilt.
OF a rather friable sandstone.
the steps have been worn out by the
passing OF millions Of feet and are
being replaced with new steps Of gray
granite. The old stones possess his
torical interest Of course. They have
been bought by John r. Mclean. who
proposes to use them in building a
sunken garden at his country place
near Washington.
Another change of much greater
Importance is contemplated in the
Capitol. The fact hat Congress for
several years past has been In almost
continuous session has had much to
do with the postponement OF the plan.
which when carried out will practl-
cally accomplish the completion OF the
Capitol. The edifice. beautiful though
IL Is, might be described as a piece OF
architectural patchwork. II has been
put together bit by bit. Its construc-
ton represents up to the present time
a total outlay Of nearly 100000 900.
The two great wings Of marble cost
8 5000. 600. and the dome. for which
500, 900 was originally provided. came
t. 81. $50. 600. An additional 81, zoe, 900
was paid for the magnificent terrace
on the west and its approaches.
The only part Of the building that
to-day is manifestly to he Identified
with the original structure Is the mid
die section. As compared with the
rest 1t is distinctly shabby. The old
sandstone steps on the east front.
leading up TO the rotunda entrance,
were long & worn out, and, as al
ready stated. are being replaced. An
other thing not so readily noticeable
Is that the great dome does moi stand
In the middle of the ediice. II Is
exactly midway between the north
and south ends. but one side OF II Is
on the very edge Of the roof. This.
II was suggested some years ago,
would he remedied by extending the
east front. that is to say by throw
ing out "a great white marble portico.
Win aprons, III tnt HlIuule Oh tnt
east front. to match and correspond
with the porticoes Of the wings.
Before very long this Improvement
is likely to be carried out. Plans for
1t have already been made. and 1t only
repains for Congress to appropriate
the money. The port!co is to have a
superb flight Of steps, 200 feet long.
having assembled which the visitor will.
pass through a pillared pylon into a
great vestibule lined with white a
BILE. The aprons extending on either
side toward the wings will AFFORD space
for thirty nine rooms for committee
and other purposes.
The dome of the Capitol Is OF iron,
painted white. The wings, as already
stated, are of white marble. The east
front. according to the plan just de-
scribed. vii. be likewise OF white mar
BILE. II the building is to be harmoni-
ous.y beautiful in all its parts the
west front ~ the Old middle portion.
now o. sandstone painted white, must
likewise have a white marble extern
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-09-05

coal tar products, have displaced
nearly all rivals, combining qualities
OF fastness, ease OF application. brill
fancy, variety OF shades. &c, utterly
unknown to the former generation OF
dyers. The makers OF pharmaceuti-
cal products also require some OF these
coal tar derivatives and modern pho
Biography draws heavily upon the same
materials.
NO, Germany Is not the only Euro
pean country engaged in the making
Of dyestuffs and other chemicals from
coal tar. Switzerland in her way has
done amazingly we'll In the business
despite the fact that she has not a
pound Of Goa within her ground. and
we have especial reason to be inter-
ested in what the Swiss have accom-
plished in this matter.
Germany, with her so, 900, 900 of
people, relatively vast territory and
abundant raw materials. produces An
ished coal tar dyes annually, under
normal conditions, to the value Of
SOS, 800, 900, while coalless Switzer-
land, a land OF granite and ice, and
with a population Of but 1000, 900,
manufactures dyestuffs yearly to the
value Of $6,450, 900. She buys her
crudes and intermediate derivatives
OF coal tar from Germany, and by
the exercise OF the incest economies
plus the highest sort of technical skill
she is able to compete with Germany,
within the limits of her capacity, in
foreign markets.
.Il,t 1atnI,, ,h1 rnr,nars haxTa pnti-
fed the Swiss that they will cut of
the supply OF coal tar products unless
their rivals across the frontier refuse
to sell to the Fatherland's enemies
This, in effect, would oblige the Swiss
manufacturers to shut up their plants
until the war Is over. The diligence OF
Germany's foes has stopped her over
sea trade, and here il just where We
are the innocent sufferers from "A con
dition not OF our W making. Never
theless, we are In part to blame, be-
cause long z we should have taken
steps to make ourselves Independent OF
foreigners in this particular.
THE American consumption of ar,
tiffcial dyestuffs has attained an an
nual value OF $4,000, 900 and grows
Sttduly II ~ SuDplIeu pHlN parity
by a domestic production represented
by something like 81, 900, 900, This APP
parent domestic production is based
chiefly upon the use of foreign ma.
terials-half made or nearly competed
color compounds.
THE great bulk Of our artificial dye
stuff supply comes from Europe. Thu
average imports are: From Germany
$3.50, 900; Switzerland, 100000; Great
Britain and others. 1870 900. just how
much the manufacturer OF dyes out,
side of Germany depends upon the in,
dustries of that empire for the pri
mary and intermediate compound,
serving AS raw materials can he gath,
cred from the fact that the output o
the foreign factories has a value %
abont $24, 600 900, and more than one
half Is made out Of materials from
Germany, while she furnishes ~ pc,
cent NJ the worlds finished artificial
dyes The figures | have alrcad!
given SHOW our share Of this depend
ence,
"The American naturally wonders
how Germany managed to attain III
present prominence in this field O.