davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
PRACTICAL CIVICS

Perhaps you remember the days
when you studied civics, even if you
don't remember much about the
civics. All government was divided
into three parts, and the loose ends
that did not quite seem to fit under
the glib Legislative, executive, and
judicial" divisions were passed light
ly by. The whole thing never SEEM
ed any nearer home than did trigo-
nometry.
They have worked out a different
way of teaching civics in Indianap-
oils. To begin with, they fail to
mention any such course at all. But
in geography the pupil may be asked
to describe the street car lines of
his own city, to explain how the
city is laid out, to locate public
buildings and industrial plants, and
to tell where the materials used in
the city's buildings come from.
Instead Of plunging the child into
ideas about social groups" he is
led in a matter Of fact way to think
about the part home plays in the
city, the advantage of owning =. a
home, the dependency Of members of
the home upon each other, the econ
omy of having home garden, and
its part in the upkeep of the home.
In arithmetic the pupil is apt to be
told to find out, from grocers, prices
Of products for the table, to esti-
mate how much is needed to feed
persons for a given period, and to
learn the best foods.
Civics even invades the English
and literature courses. The story Of
Robinson Crusoe" affords an excel
lent chance to epitomize the strug-
gle for the essentials of life, and the
advent Of Friday is valuable les
son in the advantages of COM
munity of interests, else why was
Friday not given half the island to
shift for himself alone?
Pupils are told to 60 out and study
how streets are made, the cost of
painting houses, the saving effected
by proper measures to preserve
property, to study markets and re-
tail stores. An appreciation for the
beauty spots in the city is cultivated,
and the child is encouraged to real
ize the meaning of "city beautiful" !"
This outline indicates that q pupil.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
Says the Very Poor Should Estab-
lish a Reputation for Paying Their
R;lla


Bills.
To the Editor Of THE TIMES:
Apropos Of a letter signed "Virginis
Veritas." and your editorial on 1t. con-
cerning loaning and loan sharks. feel
impelled to offer a few remarks.
have knocked about several sections OF
this country during the past forty
seven years. a large portion OF the
time only able to make ends meet. !
have risen from poverty to very
modest income. which seems assured
while health continues.
never borrowed dollar from Q
loan shark and have not been an an
noyer Of friends. I adopted the plan
Of living within my income. however
small 1t was. and I feel sure that just
this 10 the remedy for the very. poor.
have had sick spells, and been In
hospitals, and have had large doctors
bills accumulate. but I never had one
that required immediate payment. so as
reason to believe that the average
physician. undertaken. groceryman. etc.
would be quite we'll satisfied to collect
all their bills. even II they had to wait
occasionally on a person up against
IT, till things turned his way a little.
What these very poor should do is to
establish a reputation for paying their
bills when they can. and my experience
Is that the dealers and professional
people will not crowd them into loan
sharks offices.
While doctors and undertakers' bills
are often the excuse for getting into
the clutches of loan sharks, the real
reason is oftener to secure some frivol-
Gus indulgences.
The easy chance to borrow Is what
promotes the so-called necessity for
frequent loans 1t would be far better
for a community without a chance to
secure a loan without undue pub
licity," and without embarrassing
questions" than an institution. how
ever well managed. that would loan at
IL per cent a year. 1t Is the habit OF
borrowing that is bad. and a total bar
renness of opportunity to borrow
would do much to break IT up.
A. c. WIERCHE.
Washington, July 18.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21

after leaving school, would have a
considerable notion Of his duty to his
community, knowledge Of its ma
chinery, and aspirations to do his
part in its development. All the
while he may never realize he has
been absorbing "civics."
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
NEW SUBMARINE MARyELs

From different parts Of the world
come stories of new achievements of
submarines, which end all uncer-
tadnty about their future place in
naval war. German submarines Sue
ceeded in passing through the straits
'of Gibraltar and getting to the
Egean, where they exacted toll Of
the allied fleet. It was looked upon
as q wonderful achievement; vet It
was no more remarkable than the
accomplishment Of the British in
getting submarines through the mar
row waters which guard the entrance
to the great Baltic Sea, and accom-
plishing the destruction Of a German
pre-dreadnaught. London newspa-
psrs just received here contain rec
ord Of the admiralty's admission
that this was the work Of British
undersea boat, that it was at first
ascribed to the Russians because it
was not believed that any British
boat could have made the passage.
There is still some uncertainty
whether the submarine actually nav
fgated the entrance to the Baltic, or
was shipped piecemeal to Archaneel,
transported across to the Baltic, and
there set up. At any rate the won-
der is about as great in one case as
in the other. Whether a submarine
can be knocked down and shipped
overland to where it is needed, or
whether it can navigate the most
tortuous and best defended waters
in the world, makes little difference:
it is a marvel Of utility in either
case.
Not less notable than these
achievements is that of the British
submarine or submarines that
threaded their way through the Hel-
lespont into the Sea of Marmora.
and caused panic among the Turks,
as we'll as serious naval losses.
It need be no surprise if recent
alarms about German submarines
coming clear across the Atlantic to
the Canadian and our own shores.
shall be justified when facts are as
sured. All these accomplishments
suggest the possibility that in the
end the perfect submarine may
become the undoing of the subma-
rine itself. 1t has recently been
seriously suggested that a fleet of
big enough submarines could be
built. to carry cargoes and even pas
sengers across the Atlantic; to car
ry supplies and munitions to the al
lies, comparatively secure from
German attacks. Manifestly, their
ability to conceal themselves would
make them as hard to catch as the
fighting submarines are.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
DR.. Woodward Attends
Meeting in New York

DR.. William c. W oodward. who was
in New York yesterday attending a
meeting of a comittee on the revision
OF the bylaws and constitution of the
American Public Health Association.
is expected to return to Washington
tonight or tomorrow. Appointment
OF DR.. Woodward as Health Commits
sionsr OF New York 10 still under
consideration.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
suggests Severe Penalties for Reck-
less Chauffeurs, and Damages for
Victims. .."

suggests Severe Penalties for Reck.
less Chauffeurs, and Damages for
Victims.
10 the Editor Of THE TIMES:
ihe question OF safety in city streets
10 rapidly. becoming one of first impor-
tance In the daily life of city inhabi-
tants. and particularly. Of course. WASH
'ngton. That the citizens already recog-
nize the Significance Of the greatly in
creased motor traffic in the public
streets is evidenced by. the so-called
'safety-first' movement. 1t is a curl
GUS fact. however. that many people.
and ana especially newspapers. seemingly
ignore the all-important role played by
automobiles and auto trucks In the daily
increasing list Of victims of accidents
Of street traffic.
Statements have. I believe. appeared
that street car accidents are more fre-
auent and more to be feared than So
called auto accidents.
The fact Is that the great majority
acidents at all. but the results Of crifn-
ihAl carelessness and negligence on the
part Of automobile drivers. When loss
Of life results many OF these accidents"
injuries are INFLICTED the term felony
would be more appropriate. 1t 10 only
necessary to observe the daily sight Of
automobiles and heavy auto trucks run
ming at railroad speed through the
streets and at night stealing silently
upon their victims in the dimly lighted
thoroughfares Of the less frequentcd
parts Of the city. rapidly turning corners
without giving the customary signals. In
order to be able to analyze properly the
mental status Of many Of these drivers.
and to place responsibility where It
justly belongs.
The cgotism Of the individual. already
enormously exaggerated in our conf
munities and the source of most Of our
evils. should be made 10 yield to a
sense OF the Importance Of public safety,
and the individual shou Id realize that
his own safety can only be brought
about BY that of his fellow citizens.
The present would be a splendid oppor-
tunity to direct civic interest In the
proper channels: to make the individual
feel that the Dublic's cause Ia his cause.
A beginning might be made by the
imposing Of severe penalties. the award
of damages to victims. and their strict
enforcement and Interpretation as
against careless drivers.
s. N. GRONBERGER.
Washington. July le.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
MANY EVENTS LISTED
FOR CAPITAL TO-DAY.
Meetings and Entertainments to
Be Held in Every Section Of
City by Various Societies.
Today.
Masonic-washinS Centennial


Washington Centennial. No, Il.
Osiris. No. 2s; East Gate. No. 81; kanipoiis
Grotto In Chamber Of Commerce
ODD Feilows-Eastern. No. I; Harmony, No.
8: Friendship, No. II; Federal City. No.
20; Mount Nebo. No 6, Encampment
Second annual excursion, Washington safety
First Association, Marshall Hall. Steamer
Charles Macalester leaves Seventh street
wharf at 10 q. m. 2:30 and $50 p. m.
Lawn Party. U. s. Grant Circle. No. J, La
dies Of the G. A. r.. on lawn at willard
estate. Fourteenth and p streets northwest.
7:30 p. IN.
Lawn Fete. Young Women's Christian Asso-
citation, 2ll c street northwest, 1880 p. m.
Outing, Inmates OF Methodist Home for
Aged, at Glen Echo. afternoon.
outing, Florists Club of Washington. Great
Falls, afternoon and evening. Special
trains will leave Thrty-sixth and NJ sreets
northwest at 2 p. m.
Address. Oswald r. Schuette. National Press
Club, p. m.
Concert United States Soldiers Home Band,
at Home. $40 p. m.
Concert United States Marine Band. Capitol,
D. m.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
MAIL BAG
(Erom The Tines Readsrs.l

Communications to the Mail Bag must
pe written on one side OF the paper
only; must not exceed 200 words In
length. and must be signed with name
ana address Of sender. The pubIicatio
OF letters In The Times Mail Bag does
OF the opinions OF the writer. The Mail
bag 10 an open forum. where the citi-
sens OF Washington can argue most
The Washington times., 1915-07-21

Scientist says we all become a
trifie bizarre in the caves when the
mercury hits the century mark.
Merely sign of normal abnormal
ity to hear sleigh bells tinkling 10
degrees out of place.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
Amusements.

PoIrs-'"The Miracle Man" 2:20 and $40 p. m.
Columbia-Motion pictures. 2 and lo:+o p. m.
B. r. Keith's-Vaudeville, 2:l5 and s:l5 p. m.
Cosmos--Vaudeville, continuous.
Garden-Photoplays, II a. m. to II p. m.
Crandalrs-Fhotoplays. II a. m. to IL p. m.
Glen Echo Park-Open-air amusements. all
day and evening.
Marshall Hail-Outdoors attractions. all day
and evening.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21

Now that a whale was shelled by
an italian cruiser, there's splendid
chance for Jonah to break into type
with few articles on national un-
preparedness.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
Tomorrow,

Dinner by Board of Trade membership teams,
Great Falls.
Meeting. District Suffrage League. Peoples
Forum, Market Square and Seventh street
northwest. s p. m.
Masonic-The New Jerusalem, No. o
Odd Fellows-EXcelsior, No II; Salem. No.
%; Columbia. No. 10; Covenant. No. IL
Modern Woodmsn Of Amsriea-A. r. Talbot
Camp. Ne LIZA
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
And the Babies?

I'VE had a dandy meeting OF the
mothers club this afternoon"
What was the topic OF discussion?'
What to do for French poodles when
they had distsmper." - Detroit Free
The Washington times., 1915-07-21

Cotton is still king, but it is in
danger Of being an uncrowned one,
and can see the guillotine of "abso-
Lutte contraband"' not far ahead.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21

Bulgaria, also, has raised a Mace
donian cry. She just merely asks
for Macedonia.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
John B. Morris Dead.

BALTIMORE. Md. July A.-John Z.
Pendleton received telegram from New
York late last night announcing the
death of his brother-in-law. John B.
Morris. at a hospital in that city yes
tssdAy. ..--
The Washington times., 1915-07-21

At least, you have to give Haiti
credit for never having any labor
strikes.
The Washington times., 1915-07-21
veteran Says Osterhaus Command
ed the Nineteenth Corps Under

TO the Editor Of THD TIMES:
IN The Washington Times of July
~ In an article on noted figures. to
oe at the @. A. r. Encampment next
september. you say Major General
osterhaus was q division comma nder.
MAJ. Gen. Peter Osterhaus command
60 the Nineteenth Corps under Gem
erai sherman all the way from Look
out Mountain to the sea.
~ LOUIS SCHMIDT.
national Military Home Mountain
6ranch. Tenn, July 10.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26
FIVE HUNDRED EMPLOYEES
WHO WERE GLAD WHEN THE
BOSS TOOK UP BASEBALL.


In the April American Magazine Ids
81 Tarbell writes another article In
her new business series entitled "rhs
Golden Ruie In business" This
months article has to do with Tho
length Of the working day and many
interesting points and stories are
brought out showing that the old time
long working day WAS OF no practical
advantage. Miss Tarbell tells the story
OF certain factory in the central part
Of the United States whore i've hun
dred girls are employed In making cot
ton articles. There WAS great deal
OF frlendliness between the employees
and the owner. The owner was called
"Pete" and he discussed shop matters
with his employees on terms OF entire
equality and mutual intereG. Miss
Tarbelrs story goes on:
FOR years Pete's day was that OF
the operatives. from a. m. 10 6 D. m,
ten hours and no Saturday half-holi-
day. Then he became Interested in
baseball and bought an automobile
But when you work from a. m. to
y. m. there Is scant time for either
games or driving. Pote tried to bring
himself boldly 90 going out Saturday
afternoons. aud to leaving early when
the notion took him He couldn't do
II and be easy In his mind Moreover
II he did II. he heard Of Il. Fine to he
the boss. amt itY some operator who
had begun at the beginning and shared
ups and downs with steadfast pluck
and sympathy would call when she
next saw him.
FINALLY Pete announced there was
10 be a Saturday half holiday. They |
were 10 make up for It In part. BY |
coming at 8: 80 they could get IN three |
hours. and he thought the business
could stand cut Of two hours. So /
they started that scale: but the girls
didn't like the earlier hours. They
we're very often late. Pete didn't com
plain. he did not like $3.50 himself:
md In six months time, without any
discussion of the matter everybody
VAS coming In at n. m, and every
body had his Saturday half-holiday,
which they will continue to have, as
he law has recently sanctioned 55
lours in that state.
81 asked the forewoman who told
ne the tale, loyal and humorous per-
on. How about the output? Did it
an ong That's the queer thing she
aid. there are girls on piece work
Who make more, and the shop docs
nore,'"
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26
BACTERIAL CONTENT
OF THE SOIL

II would, from the first, be expect
cd that layers Of the same soil at diff
ferent depths would exhibit differ
ences both quantitatively and quail
itatively, with regard to their bacter-
ial Inhabitants The property Of soils,
especially clayg. Of combining with the
fertilizing materials supplied in ma
= nures. prevents these substances from
/ penetrating in any quantity 10 great
depths. and from this circumstance
/ alone one would expect the number OF
able depths below the surface. to be
bat small. The altering action OF the
upper layers Of the soil also conduces
10 the same end, these layers fixing
not only the fertilizing Substances. but
also. and that in a purely mechanical
way, the bacteria applied to the soil
in manures. Finally, the influence of
aerntion should not be forgotten. This
In the lower and comparatively undis
turbed layers. is almost nil. and the
qualitative nature of the inhabitants
Of the soil is greatly Influenced by
this factor. the upper layers being
relatively the richest in aerobic bacter-
Ia.
The greatest percentage Of organ
isms should not be expected in the
I,rf 81 10
to a too rapid alienation of excessive
moisture and dryness, heat and cold, |
as well as to the anti bacterial influ
ence of the suns rays. For these rea
sons the largest content of germs is
always found at depth Of perhaps
to 20 inches below the surface. AS the
depth increases beyond this, the finds
become smaller and smaller, and APP
to nil at about 3 to feet.
In areas long seeded to alfalfa. con
siderable numbers may be found at
depths ranging to IL or II feet. 1t is
manifest that the germ content of "A
soil Is also dependent on the presence
If nutriment substances, ana thdl
soil rich in humus will be much more
hiclSly infested than a poor sandy
soil The numbers usually range from
I few bacteria to upwards of Is million
Ter gram.
That the degree to which a soil is
warmed, as also its condition as re-
Yards moisture and meteorological fac ,
ors. all influence it's bacterial popula- g
ion needs no further argument. IT +
ollows naturally that the percentage r
# germs is higher in summer than in
winter, and that it falls in dry, but in +
reases in wet weather !
JOHN J. PUTNAM,
Idaho Experiment sta
ton. q
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26

The editor q the Kew YORK Times
protested 20 special Investigating
committee u the Senate against many
auestions directed TO him tending 90
show that his publication had taken
a position favorable 10 the shipping
trust and IN support ~ the lobby.
end has attracted great deal Of at
sention. Editor Miller came % Wash
ington with clean conseience ana
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26
VICTOR WALKER GRINDER.

(King Hill Item of News)
H. j. Goodspeed. field editor for the
Gem State Rural. was in our vicinity
Friday. He had heard of the feed
grinder that Victor Walker had made
from coffee mill. whereby the hogs
do their own grinding, and went out to
see IT, He was much surprised to see
the fine orchards and improvements on
the King Hill tract.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26
AsrRoLoeY AND WAR.

CO. - NJ, in New York SUM
a prominent German of this city
showed 10 an officer Of one Of our i'm
portant banks an interesting horo-
scope that was made in 1929 by an
astrologcr for the Emperor william.
grandfather of the present kaiser Of
Germany. and said that the predictions
contained In Il were more or less
known throughout Germany.
The earlier william asked If he
would be king of Prussia. For an
answer the astrologer took the figures
1929 (the year Of the consultation) and
arranged them in the following man
nor!
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26

will come to the German empire"
As Tolstoy is said to have prophe-
sled that man from the north. a sec
ond Napoleon. would rule Europe from
1915 To 1925. II would seem as though
these prophetic minds may i'm this
case have foretold the final success of
the kaiser. Who knows?
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26
THE NATIONAL CAPITAL
Events of Interest From The Seat OF
Government

| therefore ne tOui1 1HOf0 10 toih WICK
10 the Senators. Indications are that
lot Of publications without as clean
defense are echoing the Miller state.
mcnt IN hopes that tho investigation
may not cover their own methods
since there IN doubtless no end Of poll
luton 81 news and editorial pages
engineered from Washington.
Many conersssmsn Remain.
Although Congress adjourned March
Z. there are still many representa-
tiyes In Washington II developes that
most Of them are from far away
states. and are remaining here IN hopes
that they may finish all Of their busi-
ness affairs with the departments as
well az take care " applicants for po-
aitiens. There are many hungry poll
ticians still hanging on with grim hope
and determination and some have AN
idea that Father Democracy viii be
IN better shape when he places their
names on the payroll.
Bryan and His Critics.
Just So long as Secretary Bryan
10 advocate temperance Just !
that long VIII he continue 10 he q
fayOrito mark for unfair criticism. |
Bryan's friends point out that he has
spent more actual time In the state
Department than any other secretary
Tor many years. and they allege that
he has actually been on the job n
nearly twice as much Of
ne time AZ his immediate predecessor
Doctor Cook and the Pole.
one OF the last matters brought be-
ore Congress revived The claims II
Jr Frederick Cook. and the Congress
men debated pro and con as to
whether Cook really discovered the
,olc. or was mere fakir. The Doc
or dropped into Washington ana there
5 evidence that he Is stili prosperous
ince hc Is stl able To put up at the
est tavern" In the Capital CITY
However the Doctor and his compan- :
Hns failed to secure any action from
The Rural Credits Body.
The Joint congressional commission I
) frame "a rural credits bin and report 4
80 Congress az the opening Of the f
ext session, provided for in tho agrl- 4
llturai appropriation law. has organ \
led for the purpose Of outlining l
Ian Of operation
The committee as made up $50 fur
insists of Senators owen. Gore. Hokc,
miih and Hollis and Representatives
lass virginia. Phelan, Maasachu.
'tts Hayes, CALIFORNIA; Lever South
arolina, Morse, Indiana, and Helly
RECON.
Total Of 2o.367 Bills offered
The total number Of bills introduced T
the Senate and House during the
rec sessions Of the sixty third Con- .
ross which recently ended. was sa,-
r. OF this huge number. compara-
yoly few were enacted into law Az
~ senate f.75i bills were introduced, "
e resolutions and ga Joint resolu-
pms In the House the number cf
Ills introduced was 2i,6i6. rcsolu- "
nns. 75l. Joint resolutions, ts9 and
ncurrant resolutions. 90.
journal ads bring results
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26
FISHING FACTS BY AN
AUTHORITY ON SUBJECT.
The ala Fish of Still Waters.


Although fy-casting for speckled
trout consists for the most part Of
fast water fishing, yet in nearly every
stream there are many deep, still pools
and often long reaches of saltwater
wherein are resident the very largest
trout OF the river. Aristocratic Sc
clusion is theirs. and their rule is abb
solute. Quietly the activities Of the
pool 20 on about them. At times a
muskrat or mink stems silently the
still surface Of the waters. Nervous
king fishers perch momentarily on
overhanging branches and then. rat
Ting. seek other vantage point In
sect life is abundant about the pool
from brilliant butterflies to invisible
midges. At times a kindergarten of
foolish minnows ventures into the sa
cred precincts; scattered. with some
lost and many wounded, they dart
away before the onslaught of the
weighty residents. Thus living at ease.
with much good eating which comes
to them quite Independently Of effort
on their part, serene in the knowledge
of their superior strength and size
the brook trout of the still waters wax
ever larger and mightier and. from
the anglers viewpoint, more ldesir-
,blo
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26


Nuo'ns '"'''' UP nv '"'u' 'U " -
"' N'"s VI "s''" :" '
'"une true
Her'h"h S'a''Sl' an" "'"''''' ""''
lS's III the io''o"'nE "'r'"s'''''''''
OF the herman eu'p'"
he asked no" ionS ne "oU'' wv !"
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26

FOR SALE-One-b burner gasoline
stove. used but little. c. +. Borden,
Shoshone.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1915-03-26

ton Of the savory sauce with which he
now bastes the fish during the process
Of cooking.