davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
WHAT AVIATION OWES TO THE WAR
Marvellous Developments in Military Aircraft and Their Manp
uaton-War Brings It's Wonderful Gifts to
the Age Of Aerial Travel.
By CHARLES M. CHAPLIN

years a modest young engineer, Georg
Sikorsky, had been experimenting with a
large-scale biplane, and had developed 1t to
practical point only q few months prior to
the outbreak of the war. OF late this aero
plane has figured very prominently in air
raids over positions held by the Germans in
Poland. Something Of Its size and power
may be judged from the fact that 1t will
lift more than two tons, in addition to it's
own weight of three tons and half Two
tons of explosives, judicously distributed,
should have an exhilarating effect on the
recipients
"Scrapping" Military Textbooks
Momentous changes in military operations
have been wrought by the aircraft now in
use. No longer, against a foe of equal num-
bers and equal equipment, Is 1t possible to
hurl an unexpected and unsuspected mass
at weak point in an enemy's line 1t is
for this reason chiefly that we see, stretch
Ing from the North Sea to the Swiss border,
two huge forces breast to breast, and the
only means OF gaining ground the deadly
frontal attack. hitherto anathema in all
military textbooks. For aircraft spy out
and report every movement of an enemy
before the operation Is fairly under way
and by the time the attack reaches its OBJ
jective it finds the position lined with wait
ing defenders.
Not only do military aeroplanes replace
the cavalry reconnaissances of the past but
they act as eyes for the artillery British
and French official accounts bear witness of
the efficacy of the German taubes, or doves
and not doves of peace. by any means
whirr overhead, a detected bvouac or group
of trenches smokebal or rocket from the
aeroplane, and then a rain of Krupp shrap-
mel. Not that the Germans have a. mo-
nopoly in this style of warfare, for the
British and French craft are fully holding
up their end of the game
But 1t is as a means of attack that both
heaver-than- air and lighter than-air navi-
cation chiefly stirs the Imagination. This
use is the new and unforeseen lesson of the
great conflict, and 1t is for this purpose that
the hostile nations are straining every nerve
to increase their aerial forces. The British
seem to have accomplished the greatest re-
suits. British pilots have skinned over
the foothills of the Alps and blown up Ger
man Zeppelins at Friedrlchshafen A dar-
Ing Englshman, single handed DESTROYED
two German submarines at Hoboken inst
outside Antwerp. To make certain of his
aim he descended to 300 feet, Drawing rifle
and aircraft guns, and escaped by a mira
Gle his machine shot-riddled More won
ders' however, are at hand. The coming
summer will probably see paralysis inflicted
on one enemy or the other by the blowing
up OF communications by the destruction
from above, of ammunition trains. food
stores, gasoline supplies Then the aero
plane take its place as mans most powerruI
weapon in warfare
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
A Cross Section Through the Centuries

FIaHE ring around the sun yesterday cut
i cross section through the centuries and
disclosed all the progressive stages by
which the intelligence has developed from
abJeet fear OF the unusual to the courageous
confronting OF natural phenomena by the
inquiring and explaining mind
The sign Ia the heavens" was regarded
by some a warning OF the approaching
END of the world. Just as an eclipse OF the
sun Is supposed in certain parts OF the
country TO forecast the END OF all things.
Many Italians here were convinced that it
Indicated that their country would enter
lha var, and It would take less space to
record what the Negroes did not think IL
meant Than the explanations which they
gave Of It. Ana there were hundreds II not
lhoasands Of educated persons who stiI
zazhored e the hack OF their minds the
saneEstitlons q their ancestors. ana could
noz escape tie lhoasht that after Ali L
al.zhE msaN something mars 1aaa - ahln-
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
The World Against the Teutonic Allies

ELSEWHERE on this page there is COM
ten by an Italian in his town tongue from
the point Of view of his own country
The publication of a synopsis of the Green
Book indicates that the Austrian conces-
sions were not satisfactory to Italy either
In extent or in the date on which they We're
to be executed. 1t discloses further that
Italy had protested against the invasion of
servia, which precipitated the war; and had
sought for an adjustment of the dispute for
many months. The situation became so
strained that Italy denounced her treaty
with Austria March 4, and freed her
hands for whatever action might seem
necessary.
Armed neutrality ceased to be a possible
attitude several days ago. That was evil
dent when Giolitti's attempt to rally his fol-
lowers failed and Salandra consented to re-
tain the Premiership. The nation is united
for war. The Giolitti party in Parliament
disappeared when the Cabinet asked for a
grant of power. Tho vote by which the
King was authorized to declare war at his
discretion was practically unanimous, all
parties save the Socialists acting as a unit
Preparations for this outcome have long
been made General Pau, as the represen-
tative of the Allies has been consulting
with the italian War Minister, and it is an
nounced that a complete plan of campaign
against Austria by the French Russians
and Italians has been arranged and is
ready for execution
The Teutonic allies now have all the Pow.
ers of the world against them save the
United States.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
Merely Guarantee of Good Faith

THE appropriation by the General Assem-
i bly, of S5OO0OO for the development of this
port must be considered merely as evidence
of the interest OF the Commonwealth in its
sea trade. The sum Is so small that it will
accomplish little in comparison with what
needs to be done. But that an appropriation
has been made at all indicates that the rest
of the State is beginning to understand that
the prosperity of the whole is wrapped up
in the prosperity of its parts. Philadelphia
cannot grow without benef1ting every other
CommunitY.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
So Far So Good

TTNHE necessary ordinances for pushing the
L rapid transit plans to completion have
been reported to Councils, and tho ordinance
authorizing an advertisement of the contem-
plated loan has been passed and the adver-
tsing is likely to begin today.
SO far, so good.
The city expects Councils to fulfill the
promise of its worthy action yesterday and
to pass all the ordinances before adjourn
ment for the summer, so that digging can
start as soon as the proper authorization
has been given.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
HEARTS DESIRE IN GARDENS
No Need to Tramp the Andes or Traverse
the Rings of Saturn.
From scrIbner's Magazine.

.. 'iO hilSS OF Saturn.
From Serlbner's Magazine
The charm of blossoming things proyi ,,.
VI the green needs no apology Our crocuses
wear LOOK. when, blue, white, or yellow tbs,,
open atter the snow, as II God, and not a kind
young friend had planted them Not All az
once put erter long winter waiting ana earl,
spring DAYS or suspense lest frost has killed
lhen' we year by year see "a crowd a host oT
golaeh daHodils'-not a marching host but a
Struggling host, a hundred strong, here thsrs
everywhere. In and out among the white
blrehes in the wakening green OF the grass An
II the ghost of William Wordsworth would oniy
wander this way some sunny April dayl One
by the south porch. comes long .befora ths
swallows dare" and takes the winds oS
March and us, with beauty
our garden would never do as basis NJ an
article IN gardening book or a ladyss maea
zine 1t is not one OF those methodieaI m
natural gardens where all the seeds thai sra
sown germinate. where all blossoms furn onS
in expected coloFs. where a whole row ~ hoiIS,
hooks come up without gaps II is No nlacJd
spot OF gradual growth, but a thing az villa
hopes and sudden fears; OF quick inspirations
unknown to the careful husbandman: Of M
paralleled suecessesi OF blasting defeats n
seems almost At times as IL It too had aeet
imaginative gitmpses OF what might be ana
shares our sense OF triumph or mood OF failure
sor nature is by no means the orderly ineh-
by-tneh parsonage We are taught In seientiae
textbooks to think her she also has har
moments OF inspiration OF rapid and luxul4ant
groWth. ana my garden makes me aware az
her swift diYinings. her blind hopes her pas-
slonats impulses that wax and wane
II i L the gardening q ignorance at last
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
ARMIES AND ALCOHOL

From the Independent.
The hostility of the late Lord Roberts Of
Kandahar toward liquor was the only grudgt
that Tommy Atkins had against his favorits
leader If we may take Kipling as interpreter
of the feeling of files-on-parade
'E's little down drink,
Chaplain Bobs;
But It keeps us outer clink-
Don't 1t, Bobs?
So we will not complain
Tho 'e's water the brain,
II he leads straight again
Blue-light Bobs
When Lord Kitchener became the head OF the
army the liquor-loving soldier looked for al
deviation OF his lot, but his hopes were disap-
pointed, for the new Secretary of War put his
household on the water-wagon and seems dis.
posed to treat his army in the same way. The
20th century version of Cromwel's motto "a
'"Trust in God and keep your army dryS fes
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

ing Of the sun through ice crystals in the
upper air.
Those who accepted the scientific explana-
tion without any lingering doubts were, OF
course, in the majority, Just as thousand
years ago the portentous Significance of the
rainbow about the sun would have been ad-
mitted so generally that the man who dis
puted 1t would have been in danger Of death
for his Impietv
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

1t is full OF tho Joy of discovery. To val.
instructed friends should be ashamed TO con-
fess that, busy for many years with rners
books and ideas, l knew not ANIMALS from
perennials. Biennials are still puzzle; though
the theoretical meaning is clear, find II hsrd
to discover the moment of bloom When that
guaranteed to flower every second year does
not blossom at all, what are you to think Of
the book7 Puzzles enough to make one LOSE
ones wits spring UP in ones own garden; thers
is no need to tramp the Andes nor traverse the
rings of Saturn for natures riddles to read.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
L'Italia mel vortice della Guerra

IA CAMERA Italiana ha dato, dunoue.
IL pieni poteri alton Salandra cioe 81 e
dichiarata concorde con il Paese, in favore
della guerra per completare lunita nazionale
L'opposzlone deon. Giolitti ha dovuto
sparire di fronte ALA unanime volonta del
Paese, COST cessato impossible contrasto
ira la nazione la Camera.
L'Italia percio sui punto di dchiarare
la guerra ALA Monarchia austro-ungarica,
ALA nemca tradzionale delrunita c dellin-
dipendenza del popolo italiano. Non il gov
erno, non II re, ma IL popolo, tutto il popolo
vuole la guerra, ed il popolo sara chiamato
fra qualche gIorno fra poche ore forse, ad
iniziare la sua terra sanguinosa lotta ma
zionale.
IL governo delon. Salandra ha agito
saviamente secondo gil Interest," piu grandi
piu vasti della malone imponevano
nonostante lie manovre dell'on. GiolittI
delabilissmo principe Won Buelow. Lon
Salandra ha previsto. Come era possible
prestar fede allie promesse ed agli accordi
scritti della Germania, quando uuesta ha
violate allegramente senza pensarci su
due volte 1 trattati che la obbligavano a
rispettare la neutralta del Belgio quella
del Lussemburgo? Come prestar fede ad un
governo che 81 era macchato del delitto
del Lusitania, che non aveva estate ad
assassnare donne bambini inermi per
affondare materiale di guerra destinato al
rInghilterra? Come pensare che la Ger
mania pAustria non avrebbero attaccato
rItalia piu tardi, quando essa fosse rimasta
isolata, senza alleati senza ramicizia G la
riconoscenza l'aiuto delrInghllterra, della
Francia della Russia?
Ecco lie ragioni della guerra dellItalia che
devono esser considerate insieme con le
ragioni nazonali ed economiche che lie i'm
ponevano di partecipare questa Iotta per
IL principle della nazionallta Q per IL rispetto
del trattati.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
Thank God for the oceansl

THERE are eight great Powers in the
i world When placed in alphabetical or
der the list stands like this:
Austria Hungary,
France,
Germany,
Great Britain,
Italy,
Japan
Russia,
United states
They are all at war save the United States.
We have no ungratified territorial ambitions,
and no boundary disputes, and no CONNER
cial desires the fufillment Of which is suffi-
cently threatened by the rivalry of other
Powers to Justify an appeal to arms. We
are assured of our place in the sun by 5000
miles of ocean on the east of us and by more
than 1000 miles of sea on the west of u.s.
The cold salt water laves our shores and
tempers whatever war spirit there may be.
1t makes our invasion of foreign lands diff
cult and discourages foreign nations from
any invasion of our shores
Thank God Tor the oceans, and may they
never be reddened by the blood of our citi-
zens defending their native shores!
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
PRECAUTIONS

It Is one OF the undisputed functions of GOV
ernment to take precautions against cE4nas -
fore Il has been eommItted.-Alu
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
EDMUND BURKE

Burke had thoughts of great statesman and
uttered them with unapproaehable nobility; but
he never welded the power Of real statesman.
Woodrow Wilson.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21
THE BLESSING oF LIE

Must We count
Life curse and not blessing. summed
up IN It's whole amount.
Help ana hlndranes. Joy and soFrow
-Broaaias.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

It is announced that the Queen OF Holland
Is raising an army of 100000 men and
is exerting herself to the utmost 70 bring
about peace But are 100000 men enough
10 accomplish the task?
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

Sir Ernest Cassel, though born In Ger
many has qualified as an Englishman by
writiEs 10 the newspapers that ne feels
deep sense OF horror at the manner IN which
the Germans are waglHg war.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

Switzerland, with 100000 foreigners
within its borders. will not suffer this year
from lack OF American tourists
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

The members of the Poor Richard Club
are pledging themselves to protect the birds
but this is not understood to mean that they
will deny themselves the pleasures of the
table
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

This is the week for the suppression OF
unnecessary noises. War talk is. OF all
noises, the most unnecessary.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

"Biry" Sunday refuses to go to England
for $4,000.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

"Abasso PAustrla" may mean the same,
but it does not sound so vicious as Down
with Austria"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

The war is costing Great Britain $3.50
second or about $3.50 while you have beer
reading this paragraph.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

Who cares whether the Liberty Bell
breaks so long as the Councilmen have their
junket?
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

1t will be hot enough when it does get
warm, so endure your blessings while you
have them.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-05-21

May the war game in which the Atlantic
fleet is now engaged never be changed from
play to earnest.
Evening star., 1915-04-03
CONFERs ON RISE OF WHEAT.
Attorney General Gregory and G. C.
Todd Consulted.

Charles F. C1yne, United States dis
trict attorney at Chicago, who has
been investigating the cause of in
cfeaseS IN the price of wheat has been
In conference here with Attorney Cen
eral Gregory and G. c. Todd, assistant
IN charge of antitrust prosecutions.
1t is said that Mr.. Clyne did not make
hnal report upon his investigation.
ana that the investigation has not
Deen concluded. So far no evidence
mas been discovered to indicate the ex-
lstence of any combination or corner
which has arbitrarily forced up the
price. Some officials here are said to
1eei that no such corner will be un-
covered.
Results of the inquiry to date have
tended TO strengthen the belief of the
attorney General that the great fac
tor IN the rise was the unusual de-
mand for wheat abroad, and the specu-
latlon TO be expected as a consequence.
Mr. Ciyne discussed with the Attor-
ney General the antitrust suit against
the Associated Billposters, the social
ed trust. which comes up for trial in
Chicago May &c. He has been in New
York taking testimony in the case.
and reported that the evidence produc-
ed there shows that there are about
$500 towns and cities in the United
Etates where the trust is in con-
troll.
Evening star., 1915-04-03
SELECTED AS TEACHERS.
Forty-Nine to Sail for Philippines
April "a on Steamer Siberia.

Forty-nine persons have been ap-
pointed to positions in the Philippine
teaching service and will sail for
Manila, April "a, on the steamer Siberia
They are: Borden F. Beck, Okanogan,
Wash; Abraham S. Behrman, London,
Ky: Herbert X. Boggess. Braman
Okla. Noble Z. Brainard, Artesia, y.
NJ; Henry d. Drunelle. Osakis, MINI. !,
Claud L. Cary, Melrose, y. NJ; Frank
Z. Clay. Philadelphia. Pa; Harry W.
Coonradt, Marengo, ILL.,: Marcus r.
Cort. Lead. S. D.; Drew f. Courtney,
North Bend, Pa; Benjamin F. Cousins.
Hadley, Pa; John C. Dane, Skowhegan,
Me: Newton T. Dick, Des Moines.
Iowa; Harry l. Diehl, Detroit, Mich. !;
Paul VI. Ellis, Boston, Mass. Frederick
rett. Salem, Va: Frederick Q. Green,
Waverley, Mass; Elmer Hall, Lizton,
Ind: Earl Hammer. Bethany, Neb.: Fay
G. Hare. Benton. ILL.,; Walter II. Hun
land. Lake Cicott, Ind; Philip f. Kear-
ney. Desplaines, ILL.,; Miss Pearl A.
Ketels. Walter. Okla; Arthur z.
Landry. Minneapolis, Mimi; Wallace G..
Magathan, Lawrence, Kan: Adolphus
\ Mash. Kansas City, Mo; John II.
McMullin, Orrick. Mo: Herman Mer-
ritt. Mount Vernon, Wash; Rogers r.
Pope, Henrietta. Tex; Frederic W.
Pressey. Haddonfield. y. J.; Lester H.
Reever. Panora. Iowa; Frederick G.
Roth, Wilkesbarre. Pa: Elmo j. Rus
sell, Primghar. Iowa; Ralph NJ Sans.
Eastwood. Neb.: Alexander Samuels.
Urbana. Ill: Joseph W. Savage, New
York, y. ". Charles +. Shaffer, Lin
coin, Ill: James T Share. Los Angeles,
cal; Solomon S. Sinclair, Stockton.
Kan: r. Ernest Steen, Cleveland.
Miss; Paul H. Stewart, Kennard, Neb.
George X. Stewart, Chicago, Ill;
Arthur I. Stickel, Winfield. Kan. Leroy
H THOMPSON, Monour Falls, y. Y;
John r. Wilson. Cushing, Okla; Lyle
H. Wise, Haskell Institute. Lawrence.
Kan, ard Charles 5. Woodall, Tennilie,
Evening star., 1915-04-03
SCHOOL BOARDS RULE
|NDORSED BY CITIZENS
Northwest Suburban Association
Favors Unmarried Women
for Teachers.

Strong Endorsement of the action OF
the board of education in enforcing
strictly Rule AS" which provides that
should female teacher marry, her
place shall thereupon become vacant"
was given by the Citizens Northwest
Suburban Association, meeting last
night in Tenleytown.
The resolution, which was offered by
President Charles c. Lancaster and
unanimously adopted by the associa-
ton, pointed out that Rule As" was
promulgated over fifteen years ago
for the better discipline of the schools
and for the protection of the home" A
copy of the adopted resolution will be
sent by Secretary Yowell to the board
of education and to the Federation of
Citizens Associations
II believe II is the duty of all par
ents of families to support the board
of education in IA matter of SO great
Importance" declared President Lam
caster. 1T is a matter of great i'm
portance not only to the schools, but to
the sanctity of the home. The first
duty of woman In marrying a man is
to take care of his home and rear his
children, and there should be no in
/ ducements offered to have her violate
her obligations to her husband and to
her children"
In the discussion that followed the
Offering OF the resolution, A. E. Shoe
maker doubted the propriety of the
rule II it applied. he said. to all moth
er-teachers under all conditions; but
he declared that If 1t didn't apply to a
mother-teacher who had an invalid
husband, for instance. he was in favor
| of the resolution.
Others who spoke in favor OF the res
| olution included DIR. A. NJ. Ray, Fred
Bangerter and w E. Osmond. DIR. Ray
declared that the revokement of the
rule would further race suicide.
committee of five, on motion of
Fred J. Heider, was appointed by Presi-
dent Lancaster to cooperate with all
other committees that have been ap-
pointed to secure Information for pres
Evening star., 1915-04-03
CONSTANTINOPLE NOW FEARS
THAT CATASTROPHE IMPENDS
Munitions Said to Be Running Short and
Exodus From Turkish Capital
Continues

troops are employed in the ammuni-
tion factories.
No Recent Fighting.
: dispatch TO the Times from Myth
iene. dated Thursday. says;
Except for a few shots the 2Sth
and the reported bombardment of
Turkish positions near the Gulf of
Saros by the Queen Elizabeth there
has been no tshting recently in the
pSrdInclles region.
The British public. which may have
taken too light hearted Il view of the
campaign against the gates of the
Turkish empire. viii have to exercise
patience and be prepared to accept
heavy losses with equanimity.
fine to Strengthen Positions.
lowing to the weather and other
reasons. the Turks and Germans had
time to strengthen greatly the posi-
tions on both sides of the straits They
have a fair supply of artillery mounted
in excellent positions, which the allied
naval guns cannot always reach.
There is nothing to show that the
absence of cameradrie between the
German and Turkish officers has dimin-
ished the fighting efficiency of the
army to any considerable extent. The
Turk shows at his best in defensive
operations, and much hard fighting in
which the allies must suffer heavily
may he expected before the allies are
able to train their guns on the porte
Evening star., 1915-04-03

LONDON, April 3.-"Travelers from,
Philipopolis arriving at Dedeagha tch,
saws the Times Sofia correspondent
report public feeling in Constantinople
rs greatly depressed. 1t is generally
feared that a great catastrophe is i'm
PENDING.
Munitions are running short and the
hope of obtaining fresh supplies from
Germany through Rumania and Bull
raria has been abandoned. The exodus
from the capital continues and the re-
rnoval of the seat of government to
Asia Minor seems virtually decided
upon
Defenses Are Prepared.
Reuters Sofia correspondent reports
feyerish activity in preparing the de-
fenses Of Turkey He says that E.nver
rasha. with German officers. has ex
aHilied in recent days all the forts at
Ndrianople and kadikeui, and also Wis
tied the new town OF Mustafapa sha
aud Kirk -Kilisseh tthirty-two miles
northeast of Adrianoplet in order to
raise the spirits Of the Mussulmans.
The Turks" the correspondent con-
tiuues, ARE busy building new forts
.tt San Stefano on the western out
skirts Of CoHstautrople on the Sea of
Marmora. where they are installing
heavy caliher guns and trying to
make the line of defcnseS as strong
as those at Chataldja. Thousands of