The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1915-04-08
HAY LOSE HIS ARMY
Pope VIII Lack Guards if ltaIy
Enters the War.
Entire Vatican Forces Liable TO Cali 10
Cccrs, and Unprecedented Situa-
ton May Arise-Law of Guar
antees Silent.

Rome.-In case Italy goes to war
one Of the most serious complications
which will follow in the relations be-
tween the Italian government and the
Holy See will be in connection with
the papal army.
There is no provision in the law of
guarantees contemplating the eventu-
atty of war. When this law was be-
fore the Italian parliament in 1871 a
the effect that all privileges accorded
to the pope should be suspended Gin
case Of war between Italy and other
nations, as also in the case of war
between foreign nations when Italy
had declared herself neutral, and in
every circumstance When such meas
IRE should be necessary for the inter
nal and external security Of the state"
This amendment was accepted, but not
embodied in the law, which, it was
then explained, was concerned with
the rights of peace and not with those
of war.
Article 8 Of the law Of guarantees
deals with the pontifical army as fol-
lows:
THE sovereign pontiff can retain
the usual number Of guards attached
to his person and employed for the
custody of the palaces without preju-
dice to the obligations and duties in
cuTnbent on those guards by reason
Of the laws in force in the kingdom"
The obligations and duties men
toned in this article are those of
every Italian citizens liability to serve
IN the army, and thus the law explicit
~ provides that pontifcal guards can
not claim exemption from military
service. In fact the pontifcal gen.
darmes, who are all italian citizens,
ere purposely recruited from men
The Noble guards and the Palatine
guards, who are nearly all Italian cit
liens, not being on permanent duty
at the Vatican, but only called for
service when occasion requires, get
special leave Of absence when called
for service in the Italian army
In case general mobilization is or
dered in Italy practically all the 200
pontiflcal gendarmes would have to
join the colors and thus the two per-
manent corps Of the paral army, the
Swiss guards, already reduced from
200 to only about eighty rank and file,
and the gendarmes, will be to all in
tents and purposes disbanded. Nor
can the pope rely on the Noble guards
and the Pa1atine guards for the pro
lection OF his person and the custody
Of the apostolic palaces, as the great
ma ority OF these guards will also be
called to arms. And the hundreds of
men employed in tie Vatican, the GUS
todians OF the museums and the gal
leries, the lay clerks In the depart
ments and Offices, the gardeners and
coachmen and caretakers, all these
will have TO join the Italian army.
Such a contingency is unprecedent-
ed in history and without a parallel
in International law and it will serve
to prove the anomaly Of a state with
in state. Strangely enough while
the next smallest army in the world
after that OF the pope, existing like
wise i'll Italy, will not be affected by
Italian mobilization, and not a single
citizen of the dimirutive republic of
San Marino will be compelled to fight
in the Italian army, the army Of the
pope will practically cease to exist
when Italy goes to war.
The reason for this distin elton be-
tween the two armies is that San
Marine is Ttaly's ally while the Holy
See, although it's territory is only a
palace and garden, is considered
Italy's enemy. Officially the pope ig-
nores the Kingdom of Italy.
It is a we11-known fact that many
radical changes will follow as a re-
suit Of this great war. Old nations
will disappear and new ones will be
formed; boundaries and peoples will
change their nationality, while Eu-
rope will be renapped. Great as all
these changes will be their historical
Importance will, however, be less than
that Of the great change which may
affect the Vatican, the Oldest institu.
ton in the world. =