Iditarod pioneer., 1915-08-07
ONE YEAR OF BIG WAR

N On June 2S, 1914, the Austrian archduke, Francis Ferdinand, and his wife, were shot and killed in the little Bosnian town of Sarajevo by Garvio Prinzip. It was the act of Prinzip, poor student, which ultimately resulted in ten nations going to war. These nations are, on one hand, Great Britain, France Russia, Serbia, Japan, Belgium, Italy and Montenegro and, on the other, Germany Austria and Turkey. The war to date, according to conserva- tive estimates compiled from the best avail able reports, has caused loss to the various belligerents of more than 6,000,000 men, dead wounded and prisoners, and more than 500 ships Of these, about l20 were war vessels.
 Results on Land
 The outstanding results on land are these
 The greater portion of Belgium is under the control of Germany.
 Germany has been driven from the Far East
 A part of the Dardanelles is in the pos session of the allied troops.
 Portions of France and Russia are in the possession of German troops.
 strip of Alsace has been taken from Germany.
 On the continent of Africa Germany has lost nearly all its territory.
 All the overseas island possessions of Ger many have been taken by the forces of the allies.
 | of Austrian territory.
 | Germany holds part of the Baltic prov
 nces and large portion of Poland. | Russia is in possession Of strip ot Ga lcia
 Results on Sea 1 The outstanding results at sea are these
 German and Austrian mercantile shipping has been driven from all the open seas.
 German and Austrian war vessels having a total displacement of approximately 257, ,O0O tons have been destroyed.
 War vessels of the allied nations having a total displacement of approximately 92,0OO tons have been sent to the bottom.
 The greater portions of the German and allied fleets in the North sea remain intact. l Except for communication through Hol- land and the Scandinavian nations, Germany is cut off from the rest of the world. 1 Efforts on the part of the Germans to place the British isles in a similar predica- ment has resulted in the sinking by sub marines of hundreds of vessels mostly small flying the flags of the allied and neutral na- | tlonS
 The sinking in this manner of the Cunard liner Lusitania with the loss of more than one hundred Americans precipltated re quest upon the part of the United States | that such practices in so far as they might menace Americans be stopped. The Prinzip Conspiracy 1 Prinzip's crime was committed on June | 2S. An Austrian investigation disclosed what was alleged to be proof that the as sassin was the tool of a group of Serbians On July 23 after considerable correspon- dence and negotiations, an ultimatum was sent to Serbia by the Austro- Hungarian gov ernment, which Serbia declined to meet in full A week later a general mobilization of Russian troops along the German border was ordered, and the following day Germany declared war on Russia The news of that event was followed in few hours by the announcement that a general mobilization had been ordered by the French cabinet. On August German troops entered Lux emburg and Germany demanded free pas sage through Belgium to the French iron tier. This was refused, and two days later Great Britain dispatched to Germany an ultimatum demanding that the neutrality of Belgium be maintained The ultimatum re- iected, German forces attacked Llege. On the same day President Wilson issued proclamation of neutrality
 The following day saw the declaration by Great Britain of a state of war with Ger many. and two days later the Germans en- tered Liege as the French invaded Southern Alsace
 | Early Developments These events were quickly followed by an affirmation on the part of Italy of her neu- trality by an Austrian invasion of Serbia, and by the sending by Japan of an ultl- matum to Germany. This had to do with the German possession of kiaochau, of which Tsingtao was the port. By August 17 the first British expedl- tionary force had completed its landing Tn France. On that day there began also fierce battle on the Jadar between the Aus trian and Serbian troops Victory was with the Serbian arms after five days oi hghtlng, and the Austrians were routed In the meanwhile the battle of Lorraine had opened and the German troops had en- tered Brussels, the Belgian capital A lew udyS ldteI, August Ho, lde flCtohi7 ous Germans entered Namuh and began an attack on Mons, defended principally by the first British expeditionary force. The next day the British troops began retreat from their position and from then on until Sep tember 12 the German troops drove through France under the leadership of General Won Kluck Zeppelins bombarded Antwerp; the French were forced to evacuate Mulhausen; the Germans took and swept over Longwy and reached Senlis, thirty miles from Paris, where the columns swung to the eastward. The French government moved to Dor deauX.
 On the Russian Front In the meanwhile German and Austrian troops had met the Russians. A victory at Krasnik was announced by the Austrian government on August 23, while on August 29 the German army under General Won Hindenburg defeated another Russian force in battle at Tanneburg, which lasted three days. Louvain was burned by the Germans .Alo @la oHn