davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1915-06-05
Little Republic Bothered
About Its Neutrality

ROME, June 4, via Paris. The
Ilittiest republic of San Marino, 22
square miles in erea, although en-
tirely surrounded by Italian territory,
forms an absolutely independent
state. A serious discussion is now
going on in this republic as to wheth-
er it shall remain nautral.
The question is more important
than appears at first sight San
MarinO, standing on high mountain
few miles from Rimini, dominates
the AdriaGic. If it continues neutral
Austrian Aeroplanes could, in time
of need, take refuge there, repair,
take on new supplies and return
home. This would not be possible
if San Marino joined with Italy in
the war.
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1915-06-05
WHAT Is GOING ON THIS EV.
ENING.
Colonial.

The Hidden City, Animated Weekly
and Dixie's Day Of
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1915-06-05

Best stores advertise in The
Patriot. -
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1915-06-05

Later. News dispatches say that
the republic has declared war on
Austria.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-02-23

In one block in Chicago 5ss fami=
lies exist. consisting of ], 596 persons.
of whom sos are children. There IS
one. bathtub to each 2OJ.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1915-06-12

seats We Is an,rIe teeu
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1915-06-12
HOW WOMEN
AVOID
OPERATIONS
By Taking Lydia E. Pink
hams Vegetable
Compound.

C..v.,art ono ST. lift side
pmlaeI m- SIP FIX .sr.l years TINT !
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21

TT HE sudden turning gray OF
hair under the influence OF
great emotion is phenome
non so remarkabl that It has nj.
ways aroused curiosity. The we'll
known historical instance, such as
the case of Marie Antoinette, who
Is said to have become gray In tho
night before her execution, are open
to some doubt, but several well.
authenticated cases have been
noted by medical observers. At a
recent meeting OF a Partisan medi.
Cal society doctor, Lebar reported
the case of a soldier, aged twenty.
three years, who was In trench
In Argonne which was blown I'D by
n mine. He was projected into the
air and fell, covered by mass of
earth, from which he had difficulty
in extricating himself.
The defamation was such that he
Immediately became deaf. The
flashing Of the powder produced su.
perfcfal burns OF the face, and
there were several bruises on the
head, which we're greatest on the
left side.
He was taken to the English
rhts Reseryed
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21

Hospital at Arc-en-Barrois. where
on the following day he noticed, to
his surprise, tufts OF white hair on
the left side of the head. Those
formed four "islets," separated
from one another by normal hairs.
The loss OF color was complete
from the roots to the ends of the
hairs, and the longest hairs were
just as white as the shortest. There
was not brown hair among them.
The gray hairs were solidly i'm.
planted and could be pulled out
only by strong force. The rest OF
the hair Of the head was dark
brown, and there was not a white
hair in his beard or mustache
The patient was an intelligent
man, and the truth of his story was
confirmed by the fact that his hair
vas described in the description of
him made wien he enlisted as deep
chestnut.
lust how the hair can lose its
color so suddenly is not yet clear.
1t might be suggested that In this
case it was due to bleaching by
gases generated by the explosion.
but this was negatived by the fact
that the parts Of the hair under
meath the skin turned gray like
he rest
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21

The studies Of Professor Metch.
nixon on the Whitening of the hair
due to age throw light on the cues.
tlon, says writer in the Lancet.
According TO him. when hair be.
gins TO whiten there appear in il
round or oval cells with prolonga.
tons which gradually come into
relation with the cells containing
the pigment Granules and absorb
them. These "pigmentophages as
ne calls them. then descend
toward the root Of the hair to
scatter in the skin, Of which they
are. according TO him. the pig.
mentary cells.
The pigmentophages, which orici.
nate in the marrow OF the hair. dis.
appear completely when the hair
hnaily loses its color. This theory
explains the slow and progrAss.1c
Whitening OF the hair in Did age,
ana also applies TO the rapid loss
OF color in cases like tina, OF tn:
French soldier.
The rapid mobilization OF the
cells in the marrow of the hair
appears to be provoked by a ner.
vous disturbance. The nlace OF
whitening seems 20 be determined
by the points on the scalp which
been the seat OF injury.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21
The Delicate Mechanism of the Human Exposed to View
Under the Anatomists Knife

our human race, as 1t exists In
civilization, had been accustomed,
as the savage Is, to living outdoors
In all weathers; but in children
sleeping exposed to the raw winds
of Winter. and then spending their
waking hours in generally over
heated rooms, favorable conditions
develop for future ear troubles.
Such children are like to suffer in
time from obstructive adenoids and
enlarged tonsils, which are bound
in turn TO affect the ear and the
hearing.
AS to chronic deafness in the
adult, although something may be
done In the way of relief, there is.
as stated. little Oh cure to be hoped
for. What must be done is TO pre-
vent comparative deafness from
becoming absolute And not only
the ear. but the nose and throat
also must be looked after, and the
general constitution as we'll Es.
peclally must constipa ton be
avoided. as this tends to conges-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21

ton; besides. the absorption OF
toxins from the intestinal tract is
sure by transmission OF these tox-
ms in the blood and lymph chan.
nels. 10 affect grievously the ear
mechanism and the auditory nerve.
Another cause OF congestion lead.
ing TO deafness is the inordnate
use OF tobacco-not only from the
absorption OF the tobacco toxins,
but also by reason OF the irritation
the smoke occasions. Alcohol also
should be cut out. II is OF course
nard to persuade the average man
to give up the habits OF years; but
the facts should be explained fully
TO him, and then the problem is I'D
to him.
The deaf should be encouraged
to go among their fellow men and
20 use their ears as we'll as thew
can. The tendency OF these suffer.
ers is TO hibernate. to 20 By them.
selves alone: they get 10 imagine
themselves nuisance to their tam,
ilies and their friends.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21

10 follow a single blank cartridge
shot close to the ear. Corti's or
gan and the auditory nerve fila
ments were thus severely injured
at one stroke. Conditions resem.
bling those in boiler making were
realized by automatic hammering
on the outside Of a big iron tube.
with guinea pig inside.
Siebermann found, and here is
very practical point, that in order
TO ward off harm from long-con.
tinued loud noises the air waves
can be kept from striking upon
the mechanism of the internal ear.
The experimental animals whose
ears were plugged with oil-soaked
cotton or other free mass, did not
suffer injury Of the internal ear
from long-continued exposure to
recurring loud noises.
The transmission of SOUND by other
routes than by the external and mid
Ole ear, has slight. if any. injurious
action on tie labyrinthine struc-
lures, and in human beings practi-
callv all harm can be averted by
protecting the auditory mechan-
ism against excessive sound waves.
by an air-free, tight-fitting, isolating
pug In the external ear. Such a
plug must absolutely not be used.
however,by sufferers from ear alb
scess or catarrh, because then the
discharges resulting from the in
hammation would be dangerously
pent up. Such discharges. thus
pent up. have been known to bur
row their way even TO the brain.
Such substances as thick felt
have been used under foot by work
men to deaden sound. DR.. Sieber-
mann could however find in his
experiments no preventive or at
tenuating or benefcent influence
In this procedure.
Dr.. Siebermann intended to have
presented his valuable researches
on protection against injury Of the
hearing before the contemplated
international congress for occupa-
tional affections. 1t is an odd com.
ment ION how widespread and
world pervading is the baneful in.
huence of the present European
conflict, that his humane intention
was by this fact of war frustrated.
And the information here set forth
is derived from his contribution to
a Swiss journal.
Another very important cause of
deafness, perhaps the most impor-
tant of all, lies in inilammations,
colds. catarrhs. not only of the ear,
but also of the nose and throat. Any
such trouble is bound to bring on
swelling, congestion of the mucous
membrane; and any such conges-
ton in the course of time, and
through constant neglect, results
In a thickened mucous membrane.
These incentives to deafness did
not operate so strongly with our
fathers and grandfathers
Observe in the accompanying
diagram how the Eustachian tube
Copyright. 1915
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21
ee ods and Adenod Growths Breed Which
spread into the Tube That Extends Into the $500
Ear From the Back of the Nose

passes from the throat to the mid.
die ear Catarrh in this tube re-
sultlng from catching colds one
alter another many times, eventu.
ally thickens this tube so that II
becomes closed up. The result ia
increased tension in the ear drum
often to the bursting point. For
8ood nearing the Eustachian tube
mas to be open, in order that equilib.
rum may be maintained between
the air within the ear drum and
the air outside the drum, in the ey.
ternal ear. Besides, the open tube
renders sounds clearer, Just as
those f-shapeo openings in yiolins
do. Adenoids and enlarged ton
siis, distractions in the nose and
chronic catarrhs. have the effect
gradually to clog up this Eustach.
ian tube.
Worse still. the many germs that
lodge in unhealthy threats = the
germs of grippe, pneumonia. tuber
fN'AiSy,
fever, meningitis and many an.
other dreadful infection-are likely
to travel along the Eustachian tube
to the middle ear; all of which
leads not only to deafness, but also
to the development Of such diseases
In the body, possibly indeed to
meningitis and brain abscess. The
fact is, most cases of deafness are
brought about by chronic catarrh,
or habitual cold in the head or
other Irritation of the nose and
throat; and the trouble all lies in
that by the time people conclude to
get these nose and throat troubles
attended to. the ear condition has
become SO far advanced that no
improvement in the hearing Is pos.
sible. Practically. then, people with
chronic deafness have got to be
BY tho Star Company. Great Britain ]
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21
- Pigs Ears Battered BY the Pound.
ing on Tin Boilers Reveal DAMAGE
Zone by the Noises of Life in Our Great Cities

der to enable them to hunt, and to
detect the proving Indian. But
to-day the constant use of the tele.
phone bell. the strain of hearing
so constantly that maddening "the
line is busy" call; the demoniac
blast of the motor horn; the thou
sand and one horrendous noises of
civilized life, have, by the nervous
fatigue they induce. brought on a
bunting Of the hearing sense. There
has followed a degeneration and
hardening (fbrosis) of the amaZ-
ingly delicate mechanism in the
middle and internal ear, on which
acute hearing depends.
There is also thus caused an
atrophy. a wasting away Of the
auditory nerve. the office of which
Is TO transmit to the brain the i'm
pressions of the world outside us.
which we get by our hearing sense.
Once these delicate and labyrin.
thine tissues are destroyed, once
their adjustment TO one another is
broken, the damage is beyond rem
edy; it is not possible, as in other
machinery, to take out the broken
down material and put in new
works.
Such facts as these were actual
ly demonstrated by Dr. Sieber-
mann OF Berlin. who gathered to-
gether number Of perfect ears of
healthy rabbits. placed those ears
in kettles and then subjected them
TO different noises, after which he
fund extensive destruction of the
cells composing the tissues expert
mented on.
DR.. Siebermann found especially
that the Organ of Corti," and the
terminal filaments of the auditory
nerve in the labyrinth Of the in
ternal ear, suffered most in these
experiments. Corti's organ is an
extraordinarily delicate mechanism
IN which are some 5000 pairs of
microscopic pillars, the rods bf
Corti leaning as it were against
these pillars are minute cells
which end in hairlike processes.
In close relation with these rods
"hN SSho anu iuil are lu6 MA
ments Of the auditory nerve. to
which the strands of a spiders
web are about as the hawser of an
ocean greyhound would compare
with-well, with the strand of
SPIDERS web. The organ Of Corti
shows a remarkable resemblance
to the keyboard of a piano, and
the observer finds himself likening
the rods Of Corti to the piano keys,
and the filaments of the auditory
nerve to the piano wires.
When ne bear in mind that all
hearing is by means of sound con-
duction and that the sense of sound
Is conveyed to the brain entirely
by the auditory nerve, we can
readily understand how injurious
to the hearing faculty is the dis
ruption Of these most gossamer-,
like structures. DR.. Siebermann. in
his experiments on guinea pigs,
found the most serious destruction
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21

- ECENT scientific experiments
N have made certain the dis
;ressing fact that the men
and women of the present day who
live in the great modern cities are
stead! : losing their acuteness OF
hearing
1t cannot precisely be said that
man must hear TO live. Ii is GER
'ainly true, however, that deafness
is dreadful handicap in the battle
Of life-hard enough as that battle
is in general for those of us who
have no physical or mental impair
ment
We are all very sympathetic with
the manned, the halt and the blind;
but we have comparatively little
sympathy for the many thousands
among us who are becoming deaf
and this so insidiously. so grad.
ually, that the affliction is hardly
realized until it has reached a
stage where relief is possible, but
full restoration Of this precious
sense absolutely impossible, for
those among us whose efficiency
is lessened in proportion as their
hearing loses its acuteness.
The most serious and pathetic
cases of all are those whose men,
tai activity becomes diminished by
reason that they come to hear the
&c f1I
less until they cannot hear the
comforting human voice at all.
Hence the progressive inability OF
the deaf to engage In business, the
trades and III human affairs gener-
ally, so that they b1 ONE either
wholly undesirable or lave their
earning capacity reduced. in pro.
portion TO the extent of their az
Fiction. -
To keep up in the twentieth cen.
tury struggle for existence, one
has to be active and in full pos
session Of ones faculties. The
strain on the nervous system is
constant, especially on the organs
OF special sense. the eye and the
ear. The overstrained eye gets at
tended 10 promptly enough; the
proper glasses are usually the AIDE.
quate remedy.
But for deafness once estab-
lished there is alienation Of the
affliction possible. but no such rem
edy as glasses afford the strained
eyes. And yet most people pay no
attention TO their defective hear
Ing until they find, usually by &C.
cident, tat they cannot hear the
tick of the watch. or of the family
clock. or until there is a sensation
OF roaring in the ears: or until
dizzy spells send them TO the doc
tor for an examination. not for their
hearing. but of their constitution"
The hearing Of even the best en-.
dowed Of us is not nearly so good
as was that of our forefathers, who
needed this sense to be acute in or.
A
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-11-21

content, as philosophically as thew
may. with the motto, that what
cannot be cured must be endured"
DR.. D. Harold Walker, of Boston.
makes very good point with re-
gard to the rather fashionable and
up-to-date belief that our children
cannot live too much in the open
air. This would be we'll enough If
Strike bulletin. (Clinton, Ill.) 1913-1915, 1915-05-12

National Dstseetvs Agency. wsdAell
4 Marion Coepesaatoa. Thisi Detective
Agency. Furioag Secret Service com
pany. Mooney q Boland Agency.
National Secrst Service. Model Labor
Agency. and ths Michasa Labor Agency
Mostly all 1t our men we're obtained
from the 0rst thrse mentioned.
Commissiooes Oarretson: Those are
all detective a0saeies.
Mr.. Markhaa: know they are,
but they are men who engage In
gathering up oea Of that sort.
Chairman WalsA: That Is all thank
you. Mr. MartAan. you will be per.
excused.
Strike bulletin. (Clinton, Ill.) 1913-1915, 1915-05-12

men had the right 70 enter into IL
combination. I am not deayfnG thea
hut ! am not admitting they are 1gh
when they do It,
Commissioner Garretsou: 10 Il no
confusing the use Of right and powe
Mr. Markham admit they hav'
the right. but do not admit that they
ara right when they came to us and
went to the point Of calling . strike
on this railroad for the purpose o
enforcing that right.
| Commissioner Garretson: The right
TO combine then as you look II II, IL
! like this you will assert that In carry
INK out the business Of these various
combinations with which your com
pany Is connected that they have
the right TO do these things As far a.
they have the power to do them!
Mr. Markham: And as far ~ they
may be legally permitted to do so.
but only so far as they can do II with
out injury TO any one else There are
lots OF butts In H.
Commissioner Garretson: IL IL not
a question Of injurying some one else
always
"f "arAhaih NO SIT ou' "neh ~
becomes qnetsion OF morals or alb
stract right or wrong It comes In II.
Commissioner Garretson: The le-
gal limitations probably exist for all
concerned in the same degree
Mr. Markham ! doubt that ! do
h"' 'h'hh 81.
Commissioner Garretson: You read
accession ~ certain judge preIaceo
o, inc statement that a very large
eI'm'h' cfi'ised the courts. 10 tnat
s'a,'lnsh' oE the Judge. " heafd II
."ft.c'N, ne MADE 10" statement thar
II" ",u nov hho" what the strike was
ana ne doubted II II any one else did
~" quoting MN correcusF
Mr. Markham: think that Is sub
stantially what he said
Commissioner Garretson: Then he
proceeded to read the men a lecture
on listening to outsiders and reviewed
a.. whole case from his standpoint
although he asserted that he did not
know anything about II. and then
proceeded to advise then what to do.
Was not any man who was not an
international officer Of the organixa-
ton or any man Who was . chief
officer OF corporation an outsider,
Mr. Markham. I hold M hr,ef %,
the Judge and I was merely re.d,nc
into The ,aco,a ~. .,..... -
reference to a matter we were called
upon to give an opinion on As I say
hold no brief for the Judge. and
would m zen prefer not to enter into
discussion OF II.
commissioner Garretson. ! am
speaking Of the way the Law IL follow.
ed. You referred to what was the
legal limitation on the company. but
DOT on the men How many men would
read win ali. unhak;cS s,A. 49,.
by Judge Wright and not
have a tendecy to criticise the courts,
Mr Markham: I do not know. ri
could not answer that question.
Commissioner Garretson: I would
like to have figures on the subject.
but suppose you cannot refer me 10 !
any.
Nr Markham: No.
Commissioner Garretson: That n
all.
Commissioner Lennon: Would you
ADVISE he Railroad corporatinas ~
his country to disintet - IT, laeq.
" 80. n.-at,n.s 'h:' sh.-. =-4-.-.- --.-.u.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1915-04-10
CARING FOR STRAWBERRIES
Cultivation Should Begin Early In
Spring and Continue All Sum-
mer-keep Out Weeds.

Cultivation of strawberries should
commence early in the spring and con-
tinue all summer, announced w. w.
Thomas, before the Illinois Agricui-
tural society. A small-tooth cultivator
is the best and should be used about
every ten days or oftener. II rains
should be heavy and pack the soil,
then cultivate as soon after the rain
as ground is dry enough. The grass
and weeds should be removed from
row and from plants and soil loosened
between the plants. Give thorough
cultivation, it will pay. The soil
should be kept thoroughly loose ana
we'll pulverized all summer.
When the runners commence 10
grow, hoeing will have to be done
with more care. When the new plant
begins to form on the runner, II
should be pressed down and little
loose soil thrown on the runner Just
behind the small plant. ! advise let
ting the first runners grow after
each enough plants have been trans
ferred. Cultivation should always De
thorough, and in dry seasons like the
last It should be increased.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1915-04-10
FOR NEW FORESTS IN CHINA
Movement Under Direction of Ameri-
cans 10 Expected to Accomplish
Much Good.

During the past few years much at.
tention has been given by foreigners
in China, as well as by many thought
full Chinese, to the question of affores-
tation. A very practical movement
in this direction, is being considered
by the Nankin university under the d.
rection of Prof. Joseph Bailie. an
American citizen.
In reviewing the work Professor
Bailie says that the cooperation Of the
director of forestry In Manila has been
secured in the establishment of a
school of forestry in the University of
Nankin. The director has offered to
the University OF Nankin the services
of two experts sent by the United
States to the bureau of forestry in
Manila to lay out the course Of study.
investigate conditions. put the school
in working order and deliver lectures.
1t is also understood that the head of
the bureau of forestry in Picking has
enthusiastically Endorsed the project.
The forestry fund committee of
Shanghai has GENT six students to the
School of Forestry in Manila by the
scholarship method, some of whom
have graduated, and has shown its ap-
proval of the School of Forestry at the
University of Nankin by awarding
three scholarships to that institution
this spring.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1915-04-10
Horticultural!
0NG(:AW5;&H
CONTROL PEACH TREE BORER
Most Satisfactory Method Is to Go
Over Trees Twice Each Year and
Dig Out Larvae.

Regarding peach tree borer pest all
over the country, George M. List or
the Colorado agricultural college. mas
the following to say:
The larvae live between the bark
and wood little below the surface OF
the ground in a mass Of gum ana
woody material. 1t is a soft whltlsh
caterpillar with a reddish-brown head.
The egg from which this matches is
laid on the trunk of the tree at or
near the surface of the ground by
handsome day-hying moth. The lar
vac after Matching eat through into
the inner bark and sapwood Of trunk
or large roots. upon which they feed.
causing a gummy emulation. They
feed in this way for about year, Of
ten almost girdling large root of the
tree.
When the larvae are full grown
they construct cocoons of the gummy
emulation. their casting and silk. about
an inch below the surface Of the
ground, where about three or four
weeks later they change to moths. Al
though there is but one generation In
a season, the moths are present most
of the summer. The larvae reach ma
turity at different times. thus keeping
up almost a constant supply OF adults.
The most satisfactory method OF
control has been to go over the trees
and dig out all the larvae once in the
spring and again in early fall. Their
presence is easily detected by the
gummy emulation on the crown and
large roots.