davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1915-11-04
Home Club Recital.

MIR. and Mrs. Otto T. Simon VIII sivs
a recital at the Home Club. OF the In
terior Department. December TO- They
will be assisted by Miss Lsonors
Baker, piano; Miss Carolyn CurtiS,
soprano; Louis Thompson. tenor, and
John Waters. baritone.
The Washington times., 1915-11-04
Steamship Torpedoed.

DDLESBOROrGH, England. Nov.
THE British steamship FriarRate, 36t
tons, has been sunk by German SUP
marine. Five OF the crow landed mere
lnda
Evening star., 1915-01-10

first been worked out in India. It's
success as applied to the Nile country
has been demonstrated, it is declared,
by the effect of the recent attempt Of
the Turkish sultan to arouse the people
of whom he is considered the spiritual
those of different religious faith. The
passing of Egypt from position as a
Turkish dependency has been gradual
Since 1S41 different incidents have in
dicated a growing tendency to disre-
gard authority of the sultan.
When Ferdinand De Lesseps obtained
concessions from Said Pasha in 1856
to construct the Suez canal he did not
take the trouble to have them con-
flrmed by the Turkish sultan. who
alone legally could grant such rights in
the land of his vassal. Said PaSha. APP
parently, did not even assure himself
that De Lesseps received this confirma-
ton. assuming he had the right to
grant such concessions on his own au-
thority. This neglect was later put to
account by members of the French
Canal Company in dealing with Saids
successor, Ismail Pasha. and made the
means of obtaining from him sufficient
cash to construct the canal with all It's
appurtenances Ismail Pasha was so
concerned with obtaining personal con-
cessions from the sultan and provid-
ing funds with which to maintain the
splendor he thought in keeping with
each new dignity, that he did not con-
Germ himself with the legal position OF
the canal concessionaries either toward
his country, himself or his sovereign.
AS late as 1879, diplomats have shown,
practically the only power over Egypt
which remained to the Turkish sultan
was the right to name the khedive and
to exact tribute. The latter was fixed
Evening star., 1915-01-10

ready to be turned over to Egyptians
Advance into the Sudan had been
made by Egyptian troops. officered
mainly by Egyptians. The ancient
turkish conuuerors had practically
sold out to Europeans through the
financial undertakings OF lSmall fasnd
previous to 1879. Tewfik Pasha: his
successor, had been mere hSurenead'
1t is declared Even the recent khe-
dive. Abbas II. who came to the head
of the nation in 1892. maintained his
authority apparently through permis-
sion of the British government lhe
dervishes had been drive nfrom Esypt
and from the Sudan. government nad
become virtual British protectorate,
not of Turkish dependency. 1t is
pointed out, but an Egyptian nation,
the only connection with its former
conqueror being maintained by means
of nominal tribute and appointment OF
the khedive by virtue of tirman OF the
sultan.
Solution of future problems for Egypt
lay apparently in development OF IT.
rigation For centuries the Nile had
been permitted to flow through its
of the last tributary, a distance of more
than 1900 miles. to the Mediterranean.
carrying from the upper country mil
lions of tons of fertile detritus to build
up shoals at it's mouth. This earth,
many authorities have declared, might
have been used to cover the entire area
of Egypt with productive soil.
teenth century, in 1S43, was means
taken to prevent a portion of this
waste and to conserve the water sup
ply. The famous Nile barrage, near
the confluence of the two branch
mouths of the river just below Cairo.
Evening star., 1915-01-10

feet condition at an expense OF about
$1,000, 900, much of which was used to
rebuild portions worn away by ms
use and neglect. Completion of this
barrage and a few appurtenances pro-
vided perennial water supply for the
entire delta country.
Reclamation of the country farther
south was provided for by construction
of the Assuan dam with drainage ca
nails: reclamation of the Nubian and
Bahiouda deserts. extending as FAR as
Khartum, was provided for by under
takings involving knowledge or the
annual overflow OF the Nile. British
engineers, penetrating more than half
way across the African continent to
the Nyanza lakes. solved this. The old
legend of the rise in Nile waters being
caused by the tears of Isis weeping for
the dead Osiris was discredited. but
vast area of country was reclaimed
from the effects of drought.
Egypt. travellers as well as diplomats
declare. is coming into its own. The
national sense has been awakened. The
Egyptian sees in reduction of taxes a
disposition of the government to per-
NIT him to live in peace and prosperity
with his neighbors while contributing
to the expenses of his government only
such sums as may be necessary to
maintain an efficient number of Off
cialS and to permit it to carry out
important works of irrigation intended
to increase largely the area of arabic
land.
Establishment of schools. some OF
them comparable in educational
standards to those in Europe, is be-
ginning to show to native Egyptians
the ineffectiveness of the old Moham-
medan universities. Reformation OF
legal and penal systems. protection OF
life and property, apparent determine
tion to show justice to native peasant
as well as to the wealthy foreigner
establishment of quarantine and grad
ual stamping out of plague, institution
of government system under which
the native could be induced as far as
possible to take his place in handling
his own affairs-this was what could
be seen by the native Egyptian after
thirty-two years of a paternal policy
inaugurated by the English in the land
of the Nile.
In size, Egypt and the Sudan equal
in area that'part of the United States
lying west of the Mississippi river. The
country is drained by the Nile and de-
pends upon it for water. The ralnfall
in the lower Nile country is very slight
Evening star., 1915-01-10
akes Egypt an Independent British Colony

Lord Kitchener, in 1897, had TO trans.
port his troops and supplies to that
point upward of 1900 miles from Cairo.
much of the way by river boats.
The Egyptian army numbers slightly
more than 5000 men on a peace foot
ing, but this number can be increased
in time of war to about :1.00o men
These are all Egyptians and Sudanese.
The question is often asked, Are
these men loyal? The answer would
be similar to that Of the Yankee. by
asking another question. Loyal to
what? To their country. to Egypt? APP
parently they are. as is shown by the
present situation there. The number
of Turks in Egypt is comparatively
small, something like 10000 being esti-
mated AS the total out of more than
10000 900 people. With the weakening
of Turkish influence in official circles of
late years. we are told, this number
has been greatly reduced The tendency
of British policy has been to empha-
size the influence of Egyptians; the
khedive practically sole remaining rep
resentative of Turkish power, has been
a mere figurehead.
Practical independence was granted
to Egypt by the sultan in 1S41 under
settlements made with Mehemet Ali
Except in name. power of the sultan
has scarcely existed in Egypt since
that time. Attempts of the sultan to
re-establish part of the power abro-
gated to Egyptian rulers then have
been made from time to time. The
Arab rebellion in lSs1-S2, it is de-
clared. was the last outward attempt
to demonstrate Turkish influence At
that time Tewfk Pasha. the khedive
holding his authority nominally at
least from the sultan. maintained him
self as head of the Egyptian nation
mainly through the moral effect OF
foreign arms.
Deposition of Abbas Hilmi Pasha. II
is declared, may well be ascribed to
the exigencies of war between Great
Britain and Turkey and extinction Of
Turkish sovereignty justified on milf
tary grounds. 1t is interesting, how
ever. to note that the Egyptian peo-
pie apparently look upon the departure
of Abbas with Indifference. To the
Egyptians the English certainly seem
to be more desirable allies than the
Turks.
1t is to the effect of the Moham-
medan religion. however. that one
must look for opposition to English in
Evening star., 1915-01-10

nation are politically opposed to the
administration. In every respect that
administration represents the minority
point of view. 1t is in power only be
cause of a schism in the ranks OF the
republican party which led to the crea.
tion of third party and DIVISION OF
the anti-democratic vote.
THE movement now is a reunion or
the warning elements of the republican
party-the only one in which the ma
jority political sentiment OF the coun-
try NAV find it's full expression. 1t is
a party under whose rule the country
somehow has always prospered- AND
somehow democratic rule has always
spelled disaster and poverty ana de-
preston.
THE condition of the country during
the period of this administration: as
contrasted with the condition whlch
existed prior to that time under re
publican administration, shows clearly
and Enthusiastically the economic SOUND
ness of the republican principles OF
government. Long years OF prosperity
under republican rule led the people
into a false sense of security. They
began to believe that politics had
nothing whatever to do with business
conditions, and that 1T was not WITHIN
the power Of any adminlstratlon TO al
In tolerant, good-natured way,
typically American, they turned their
attention to the cries of vendors or
new political nostrums; to those VINO
told them that the protective tariff
theory was economically an error and
that protection to American industries
was not needed to maintain the coun-
try's prosperity; to the professionaiiy
dissatisfied, who told them that in
dustrially everything was all wrong.
I'VE have tried the new remedy. 1t
has not been satisfactory. The war
alibi offered by the democratic breth-
rem is not convincing Depression was
upon us even before the war was
thought of. A ghostly prosperity fed
upon dead men cannot long exist.
Though denouncing the republicans
lures, our democratic friends pro-
ceeded to spend public money with
prodigality unmatched in the history
of the republic. The inevitable result
sary and burdensome taxes. The
democratic tariff theory has failed to
work out. Efforts to attribute this to
the war fall of their own weight, for.
is steadily mounting against us.
I'VE are buying more from neutral
countries and selling relatively less
to them than we were before. Yet
imports that we once received. Further.
though wages have fallen and the pro-
ducers' prices have decreased, the cost
of living has not been reduced. Even
before the war started. its tendency
was in the upward, not the downward
direction.
The republican party stands now in
a remarkably advantageous position.
The people of the country are turning
to it eagerly. They look to it for di-
rection and aid to make vocal their
protests against conditions which have
been forced upon them by minority
rule.
DAY by day they are coming more
and more to realization that 1t is
their party to mold and fashion and
vitalize. Gradually the movement is
taking form. The people are becoming
Evening star., 1915-01-10

aware that the power is i'll them, not
in their leaders, and that the republi-
can party is their instrument. parti-
san opposition for years has sought to
make them believe that the party was
not theirs, but the possession of a few
men high placed. Time and events
have shown how ill founded was the
charge.
"Out of it all will come leadership
in touch with the body of the people,
knowing them, realizing their needs,
strong in their faith in the soundness
of protection and republican principles.
Those principles, time-tried and in tune
with the spirit of progress, applied to
existing conditions. will bring economy
in public expenditures, prosperity IN
industrial development and the largest
possible participation by the people in
government, state and national
Undue Capitalization OF power in the
hands of the executive, either federal
or state, tends to extravaganza IN the
expenditure OF the peoples money and
is not in harmony with the spirit of
our institutions. 1t is costing too
much money to run our governments.
federal and local. Application of re-
publican doctrines will keep the power
in the hands of the people and thus Sc
cure economy in expenditures.
Republican principles dictate ad
vanced legislation along humanitarian
lines, yet decry mere veXatious inter-
ference with legitimate business, which
hampers anu uesIoys, pu' uoea noi
prosper any or construct. A lasting ma
tional prosperity is founded only on
just laws for the encouragement and
protection OF our own people and cam
not depend on the temporary misfor-
tunes of other nations suffering from
the ravages of war.
1T is the happy opportunity OF the
republican party thus to lead, to con-
struct, 10 build-to interpret in legis-
lation and to vitaliZe in administration
the spirit of progress of Il great for
ward-iooking people. This is the op-
portunity and a reunited republican
party is equal to it.
ASHMUN BROWN,
Evening star., 1915-01-10

the key to the situation in the orient.
That country guarded the Suez canal.
Possession of that waterway by pow
er unfriendly to Great Britain might
seriously hamper English commerce
by stopping communications between
the British Isles and the east. So SIM
pie an act as sinking a small steamer
in the canal might compel resort to
use of the old Cape of Good Hope route
for maintaining military connection
between widely separated portions Of
the British empire.
OF the more than 100000 people in
Egypt, 81 per cent are Mohammedans
and less than per cent Christians
tion is European. With a khedive not
only favoring Turkish policies, but
educated under German influences, an
uprising against English authority in
Egypt might seem to those anxious to
take advantage of such an event to
have many elements of success.
1t may have occasioned some sur
prise. therefore. when the call of the
sultan caused scarcely ripple of at
tention in Egypt outside official cir
cles The khedive, Abbas Hilmi II
Pasha. was quietly deposed: his uncle.
Hussein Pasha. installed in his place
with the title of sultan, and that coun-
try passed completely and finally from
Turkish influence. The intended revo-
luton proved a boomerang; the young
ruler, who may have been trained in
Europe for the express purpose of
turning the tide of sentiment toward
Turkey when the test arrived, was SIM
ply told to step aside. He spoke in
bold language, declared he would lead
an army of invasion into Egypt to re-
gain his authority, and then disappear
ed from view.
The explanation of this. it is pointed
out, is that Turkish sovereignty in
Egypt has been fiction ever since
England, as representative of Euro
pean powers, took over the receiver
ship of that country in 1882. Tewfik
Pasha. who succeeded the bankrupt Is
mail Pasha as khedive in 1879, was un-
der strict supervision of French and
English officials. His son. the recent
khedive, however much he may have
wished to counteracr British influence
in favor of his Turkish sovereign, could
not prevent the recent result he must
have foreSeen.
English policy in Egypt since she OBJ
Evening star., 1915-01-10
The Guide "Comes Back" !"

A WASHINGTON sportsman who
~ makes annual trips to the woods
of the north in search of salmon re-
Gently sent a Christmas present to a
friend and with it he sent note.
Dear Bill, Liar. Swindler, Thief" the
note began.
And in the postscript he wrote:
Il didn't intend to put those names in
the letter, but the stenograspher has
taken it down. SO it might as well
stand"
Two weeks later the guides reply
reached the sportsman.
Dear Mr.. Jones. Poor Fisherman,
Poor Sport and Can't-play-poker." it
began. After that the letter rambled
on. The guide saved his gargantuan
wallop for the end.
IT am game warden this winter, he
concluded, land it is surprising how
tame I have got the moose and deer in
the section of the country / have to
look after. If you want to get a moose
come to Tobique and hire me for
guide and you can catch one and lead
it home and 1t will save you the trouble
of carrying a gum.
The Washingtonian is wondering wk4
got tbs better of the controversy.
Evening star., 1915-01-10

party?" Mr.. Willis repeated the ques-
tion and then replied:
Precisely what the republican party
makes it. Chastened by defeat and
strengthened by adversely, it faces the
future confident of Success In 1872
there were honest differences of opin-
ion among those who at heart were
republicans. The contest was sharp
and at times bitter, the slaughter ter
rife But 1912, with it's disagreements
and defeats, is behind US. Let nc
man, sitting among the ashes of burn
ed-out fires, seize a fast dying en-
ber of discord and wave it above his
head as battle signal
The once divided hosts of republi-
canism are united to win victory for
the peoples cause, and they will not
fail, because that cause is just. With
out self-abasement or sacrlfce of prin-
ciple the rank and file of republicans
who differed among themselves two
years ago united this year to win vic
tory for the principles in which all be-
lieved. The result of this co-opera-
tion and reunion is newer and
stronger republican party dedicated to
progress and determined to interpret
the spirit of the times in legislation
and administration devoted to the peo-
pies welfare.
Can any one study the returns OF
the recent elections and not be i'm
pressed by the fact that the republican
party is the party of progress and the
party of the people even more than it
was forty years ago? l think all must
admit that what the republican party
accomplished nationally in this cleo
tion may be set down as having been
accomplished spontaneously. 1t was
accomplished practically without dis
tinctive national leadership. 1t must
be clear to all observers that no voice
was raised attempting to speak for
the whole republican party or seeking
to give direction to the campaign.
"In other words, this great republi-
can party of ours for the last two
years has placed itself in the hands
of the rank and file absolutely. asking
them to select their own leaders, to
work. out in their own fashion the
problems of organization, to weld into
proper form this powerful instrument
for the correction of political ills. The
movement in the republican party Is
from the ground upward.
Speaking frankly. I think that the
people had grown trifie tired OF
leadership, They have had a super
fluffy of it in all parties. Now they
are learning that the leadership of the
republican party lies with them; that
they possess an opportunity, almost
unmatched in the history of American
politics, to choose their own leaders
and shape their own party policies.
The majority Of the electors OF this
Evening star., 1915-01-10

way. 1t has been pointed out often
that legally he was the Egyptian SOW
ereign; actually, he had no power be-
cause he had no hold over his people.
Lord Cromer meant more in Egypt than
all the dynasty of Mehemet Ali. He
was head of the nation by virtue of the
hold he had established over the people
through careful government. Abbas
Pasha was representative merely OF
their ancient conquerors. and they rec
ognized his influence nowhere.
To make matters worse for the khe-
dive Egyptian officials must have seen
his expressed opposition to the very
authority that permitted him to rule
nominaIly, and which had developed
the country from a condition of bank
ruptcy, its people practically slaves.
penniless peasants ground down by
taxes paid to fattening officials and
rulers, to place where life and prop
erty were safe and where systematic
irrigation operations had more than
doubled the area of land available for
industry.
The clever act of an astute financier.
then prime minister of Great Britain,
put into the hands of that country
means for carrying out policy which
has resulted in assumption of com
plete supervision over Egypt. Ismail
Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, who had OBJ
shares in the Suez canal. either by
means of personal funds or those be-
longing to the British government,
wanted money. He communicated with
French bankers, and a party at once
set out for Cairo with the purchase of
these shares in view.
well informed newspaper corre-
spondent in Paris gave the whole
thing away by letting drop the infor-
nation to the British ambassador
there. Disraeli was at once informed
and determined to foresta1 the sale.
Getting into touch with Ismail Pasha
by cable, he concluded negotiations at
midnight. He was none too soon. The
next morning the French commission
ers arrived at the palace only to be
told they were too late, the sale had
been effected, the khedive had all the
cash he needed for the present and the
security he was to have offered for the
loan had passed from his hands.
In view of the amazing methods of
high finance it is reported were pursued
by De Lesseps and his fellow promoters
in having Egyptians provide cash and
labor for construction of the canal, the
outwitting of the French commission by
the willy English banker and statesman
might well cause a smile.
For the sum of s2O.OoO,0OO the English
government thus obtained control of a
project that cost 500, 100000 to build and
which had been the means of placing
Egypt in debt to the extent of more than
$500 600 without any apparent abil-
ity to pay. Appreciation in value of the
Evening star., 1915-01-10

was constructed according to designs
made by French engineers at cost
of $9,0OO,000. An excellent example OF
the sort of Improvement carried out by
Mehomet Ali, it had been placed on
insecure foundations and was practi-
cally useless. And yet this Albanian
soldier, founder of the last dynasty of
Turkish rulers over Egypt, IS COM
mented upon as being the first SOW
ereign accredited to Egypt by the sui
tan who had really shown interest in
the country beyond providing tribute
for his sovereign and sufficient funds
for himself.
Seven years after the coming of the
British this barrage was put into per-