The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1915-07-02
REAL HISTORY OF
AMERICAN flag
Emblem, It Is Declared by Stu
dents, May Be Traced Back
as Far as the Twelfth
Century.
THE American flag is a growth

l
rather than creation. Its his
tory can be traced back to the
18th century, or nearly 600 years prior
10 the first Flag Day." June IA, 1777
During the first crusade in 1875,
| Pope Urban ii assigned to all of the
| Christian nations as standards crosses
varying in color and design, emblem.
attic of the warfare in which they
were engaged. To the Scotch troops
was assigned the white satire, known
| as the white cross of ST Andrew, on u
| blue field. The British used a yellow
cross, but a century and quarter
later they adopted a red cross on a
white field, known as the red cross OF
st. George.
When James VI of Scotland ascend.
ed the throne Of England as James ],
he combined the two flags, and issued
proclamation requiring all ships to
carry the new flag at their main
masts. At the same time the vessels
of south Britain were to carry at
their foremasts the red cross of St.
George and the ships OF north Britain
to carry the white cross of ST. An
drew.
The new flag was known as Kings
Colors," the Union Colors," or the
Great Union" and later as the Union
Jack" and was the one under which
the British made all their permanent
settlements in America. 1t was the
flag of Great Britain only by proclama-
ton, however; not until 1907 did par
lament pass an act definitely uniting
the two countries and their flags. In
the same year the government issued
regulations requiring the navy to use
what was known as the white ensign;
the naval reserve. the blue ensign;
and the merchant marine, the red en-
sign. Owing to the fact that the Brit
lsh merchant vessels we're everywhere
the colonists in America came to look
upon this red ensign as the flag of
Great Britain.
The people in the New England col
onies were bitterly opposed to the
cross in the flag. In 1885 some of the
troops in Massachusetts, declined to
march under this flag and the military
commissioners were forced to design
other flags for their troops with the
cross left out. The design they adopt
ed has not been preserved. In 1862 a
mint was established in Boston.
Money coined in this mint had the
pine tree stamped on one side of it.
The pine tree design was also used
on New England flags, certainly by
l704 and possibly as early as 1885.
At the outbreak Of the Revolution
the American colonies had no flag
common to all of them. In many cases
the merchant marine flag of England
was used with the pine tree substi-
tuted for the Union Jack. Massa-
chusetts adopted the green pine tree
on white field, with the motto: IAN
Appeal to Heaven" Some of the south
ern states had the rattlesnake flag
with the motto Don't Tread on Me"
on white or yellow field This flag
had been used by South Carolina as
early as 1764. Benjamin Franklin de-
Tended the rattlesnake device on the
ground that the rattlesnake is found
only in America, and that serpent EN-.
hlems were considered by ancients
to be symbols of wisdom.
II September, 1875, there was dis
played in the South what was by
many believed to be the first distinct
lively American flag. 1t was blue with
. white crescent, and matched the
dress of the troops, who wore caps in
scribed, Liberty or Death"
The colonists desired to adopt a
soiemon Gag hut they hsd not yet