davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29
RUSSIA

GUnited Press Leased Wire Service.]
PETROGRAD, March 2e.-ln view
Of German claims of an important vic
tory over the Russians who invaded
east Prussia, the war office issued the
following statement today:
"The Russian force that occupied
made up of 1000 territoriaIs. After
obtaining certain information they
Withdrew.
"our troops have found correspon-
eence abandoned by the Germans in
which they complain Of their heavy
losses and hope for speedy ending
of the war;
FORCING A PASSAGE.
PETROGRAD, March 29.-The first
of the reinforcements from the Rus
sian armies that besieged PermysI
have arrived in the Carpathans, ac-
corciinq to dispatches from the front
today, and are being sent into action
near Lupkow. Two army corps are
now engaged in the attempt to force
a passage through Lupkow and Vid-
rony and to press the ret-eating Aus
trians back upon the railway leading
south through Mezo Lahore.
Pending the success of this move
ment SIav force that pierced the
Dukla pass several days ago In the
direction Of eartfa (6artfeId), has
halted near Zboro. The Austrians who
retreated through Zboro have fallen
back upon sartfa, leaving a gap Of
several miles between the opposi Ing
armies. The enemy is making every
preparation to defend the railway at
Bartfa against tho impending Russian
attack.
Savage encounters are occurring
aIona the mountains from Lupkow to
TurcFIa, north of the Vereczke pass,
with the result still in doubt The
Germans are endeavorIng to lift the
pressure on the Austrfans in the lup-
kow region by delivering severe at
tacks against the Russians south Of
koziova, but they have been every
where repulsed.
There arc evidences of resurnp-
tIon Of the fighting in the Przasnysz
regian and region Of ostroIonka. In
Poland. Along the Pilica river, south
Of the VistuIa, the German and Rue
sian forces are again In contact,
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29
The War in Mexico
Latest Developments Among Our Revolution
ary Neighbors of the South.

possible to prevent If big guns were
used
The Brownsville situation was ad.
mittedly very serious
The Villistas had sixteen field and
many machine guns. Their advance
infantry was near Matamoras; their
cavalry along the river.
The CarranZistas had mounted
twelve or fifteen field guns and had
thirty or more machine guns and
We're awaiting attack.
The United States was represented
on the American side Of the border
by the first squadron Of cavalry;
machine gun troop and field artil-
lery battery.
Acting Chief of Staff Bliss and Sec
retary Bryan conferred and 1t was
understood urgent representations
were sent to Villa to attack Mata-
moras from the west so as to protect
Brownsville.
That Mexican wounded might not
be left on American hands, orders
were sent to Colonel Bloxson not to
permit them to cross the border un-
less humanity absolutely impelled.
Commenting on reports that shots
had already crossed the border, Sec
retary Bryan said he had heard there
had been some firing from the Amer
lean side into Mexico and If this were
true, he would have it stopped.
Slow About Starting.
BROWNSVILLE, Texas, March 2s.
Real battle for possession Of Mata.
moras probably will not start before
tomorrow. Some Of the Villa artil-
llery, reported coming up in force,
has not yet arrived.
Citizens here are greatly alarmed
at the prospects of shells falling into
the city.
Are Using Aeropianes.
BROWNSVILLE, Texas, March 70.
Battling between outposts was
practically the only fighting today at
Matamoras, Just across the river. VII
lista troops which withdrew six miles
up the river after Saturdays first
skirmish and yesterdays desultory
firing, are awaiting reinforcements OF
artillery. Then they plan to resume
the struggle to overcome the strongly
entreached Carranzista forces.
These reinforcements are expected
hourly.
Carranza's forces are estimated TO
number three thousand with goodly
supply of machine guns and three
inch pieces, while the Vilhstas have
from three to six thousand msn.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29
Tells Why Congress Passed the Anti Trust Act
Which Holds That Combinations Which
Interfere Should be Prohibited.
CITES FIGURES TO D|SPROVE CLAIMS
A Few Great Masters of Industry, Unless Pre-
vented by Law, Could Create Control
of the Necessities of Life.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
WASHINGTON March 29.--Attor.
ney General Gregory's brief In the
harvester trust case, awaited with
tremendous interest, because 1t was
expected to define the present admin
istration's working policy toward all
combinations, was filed in the supreme
court today.
The brief fulfllls expectations. Prob
ably its most striking feature Is the
distinction 1t makes between growth
from within" and growth through
combinations. In effect, Attorney Cen
eral Gregory says that practically 40
trial institutions growth from within
competition. It is reiterated that COM
petition must be the law Of trade.
Two main considerations, says Greg
Iory, moved congress to pass the anti
trust act:
First, the desire to preserve indus,
try's competitive system; second. the
conviction that the undue concentra-
tion of economic power, resulting
chiefly from the unrestricted right of
combination, threatened that system. .
Apparently he says, congress
saw no substantial danger through the
growth of single business from with
in, no matter how large 1t might be-
come in that way; even though. for
example, through greater efficiency,
energy or resources, and consequent
ability to offer better grade of
product than that of its competitors
or the same grade Of product at low
er price, corporation might come to
possess the trade to the very point of
controlling the market for the time
being. Monopolistic power so attained,
would be SO rare and in its field so
limited that it might safely be ignor-
ed"
But, he says, congress intended that
every combination which interferes o.
threatens to interfere with the normal
and effective operation of the law of
competition in trade, should be pro-
hibited.
The International Harvester com
pany. says Gregory's brief is not the
result Of normal growth Of a single
business but is a combination Of able
competitors-the Mccormick, Deerin@s
Champion, Plano and Milwaukee com
panies-controlling' an overwhelming
proportion of trade, brought together
by George w. Perkins, of the j. p.
Morgan and Company, "a banker and
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29

promoter" BY single stroke, says
the brief, rivalry was extinguished
and virtual monopoly achieved.
Later other big companies were taken
In
The attorney cites figures to dis
prove the harvester trusts arguments
that this combination was necessary
to promote foreign trade. On the
contrary, says the government. the
trust probably has retarded foreign
business growth. The trusts export
business in 1912. instead of being
S50, ,0OO, 900 as claimed, was $50, ,f55 GOO.
says the brief, the difference being in
the business Of the plants in other
countries--Canada, France and Rus
sia, Germany and Sweden. During the
five years preceding the combination,
lit is declared the Mccormick AMI
Deering com mpanies' sales increased
faster aNreas5 than since--1SS per cssat.
against 81 per cent.
Furthermore, 1t Is declared that the
trusts exports increased less rapidly
than the total exports OF other manu-
factured articles and machinery.
In conclusion the attorney general
says:
IF corporate combinations. how-
ever comprehensive, do not como
within the purview of this act, except
only so far as they demonstratably
abuse their power. the inevitable re-
suit will be the continuance OF that
great rush toward concentration
which proceeded with everaccelerat-
ing rapidity until checked by the de-
cision of this court in the Northern
Securities case.
What would prevent the creations
of combinations with power to con-
troll the market for every necessary Of
life-food, coal, oil, metal, textile
fabrics, etc.-or alliances between
these combinations. under the control
Of few great masters OF industry?
THE desire for promoters profits.
the desire to escape from the pres
sure Of competition, the natural grav-
itation of power into the hands Of the
powerful and the desire for moro
power, which great power engenders--
these motives would still be adequate
to produce such concentration. evea
assuming that prices, etc, could be
rigidly controlled.
THE controversy in this case. there
fore, is fundamental. The question IS.
shall the competitive system continue
shall competition, not combination.
be the law of trade?"
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29
Graphing Hook Had Caught Upon an Old An
chor Instead Of Submarine Boat in
Which are Twenty-one Men.
ALL H0PE. FOR LIFE IS NOW ABANDONED
Sunken F 4 is Finally Located and Efforts are
Being Made to Bring it up Out Of
Its Watery Grave.

limited Press Leased WIRE Service.i
HONOLULU, March ga small
fleet Of naval tugs, wrecktng vessels
OF private salvage companies. and
barges left here early today to raise
the sunken submarine F.4. All hope
Of saving the lives OF the twenty-one
men on board, has peen abandoned.
Naval experts refused to predict
how long it would take to raise the
vessel, even far enough to recover
the bodies. They declared untold en-
cheering obstacles must be overcome.
Some doubted IL the vessel could be
hoisted before tomorrow.
Certainty that the submarine has
been located. just outside the harbor,
more than 300 feet below the surface,
after almost three days had been
spent on false clue. spurred the
rescue corps to renewed effort. Pass
age of four days since the, F-4 made
her death plunge precluded the hope
of rescuing any survivors. Parts OF
the submarines coming tower and
super-structure raised by graphing
hooks late yesterday afternoon, made
1t certain that the vessel is definitely
located.
The rescuers were greatly down.
cast because they had wasted three
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29
TURKEY
TBy Ed L. Keen, United Press Staff
CorreSpondent.1

IBy Ed L. Keen, United Press Staff
Correspondent
LONDON, March 29.-The roar Of
hostile guns 10 shaking Constantino-
pIe. Russian shells are falling within
twelve miles of the suitan's palace.
For the first time in history, lsiam's
capital has been bomharded from the
air.
Dispatches from Petrograd and from
Balkan points today reported the Rus
Sian fleet again hurting shells against
the eosphorus defences. Tho bonn
bardment was resumed last evening".
Russian aviators sped along the eos'
phorus and dropped several bombs
upon Pera, the residential section OF
the Ottoman capital. Part Of the popu-
latIon is reported TO have fled to the
interior In panic.
An official statement from constan-
tlnopie, evidently delayed in transmits
sion, reached here early today. It was
filed shortly after noon yesterday and
dealt only with the morning opera
tions.
"Eariy Sunday, Russian warships
sheIled our guard ships at Bosphorus,
at long range without doing any ex-
tenslve damage" said the Turkish
|a~ar office.
"The. bombardment lasted but a
short time and the enemy's squadron
then steamed out Of sight," #
semi-officiaI statement from Pet,
rograd today said:
"Further aerial reconnaissances
show that our guns did considerable
damage In Sunday mornings lombard
mont on the outer forts and batteries
Of the Bosphorus.. On both sides OF
the strait, our gunners scored hits.
Our aviators have dropped bombs IN
the suburbs Of Constantinople. The
action Is containuing."
A four masted Turkish ship, which
fled toward the Bcsphorus when the
Russian fleet approached, was sunk
four miles from the Black sea en-
trance, the Russian admiralty an
nounccd today. Several Russian shells
struck her ainost simultaneously and
she caught fire. While shells were
stili raining AZ si1eY.; Sffe was shaken by
an explosion and went down. Her
crew could be seen struggling in the
water. Several boats put out from a
Russian cruiser, but were subjected
to terrific fire from the Bosphoru5
batteries and were forced to withdraw,
leaving the Turkish sailors to perish.
Turkish torpedo boats emerged
from the Bosphorus when the Black
sea fleet appeared, but quickly retired
under the protection Of the forts, ac-
cordina to Petrograd dispatches. Dur
ina the engagement, the enemy avIa-
tors appeared over the Russian fleet
to observe its strength, but returned
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29
ENGLAND

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service. J
81 LONDON, March 29.-The African
liner FaIaba, carrying 14o passengers,
was torpedoed off Milford Haven SUM-
day afternoon, the admiralty an
nunced this afternoon. She is the
first big passenger-carrying liner to
fall victim to German submarine at
tacks. Eight of her passengers and
crew were drowned. The others were
landed at Cardiff today.
Captain Toft, Of the Falaba and an
unnamed lieutenant, were reported
among the dead In message to tho
Elder company, owners Of the Fala-
ba, this afternoon, though message
signed "Toft" had been received a
few hours earlier. TWO stewardesses
were also drowned. The chief officer
was in the water two and one-halff
hours before he was rescued.
Confirmation Of the report Of the
Itorpedoing Of the FaIaba reached the
admiralty a few minutes after the
word that the British steamer AquiIIa
had been torpedoed off the southwest
coast Of Wales. Tho Aquilla was at
tackled within fifty miles Of the spot
where the submarine shot her tor
pedo against tho big liner. Her cap
tain and twenty-five men Of her crew
were landed at Fishguard. The admir-
atty believes that the same subma-
rine torpedoed the Aquil!a and Fa-
laela and sent the vosges to the bot
tom on Saturday by shell fire.
The FaIaba, owned by the Elder
line Of London, was bound for the
west coast Of Africa. Shortly after
noon Sunday, Captain Toft sighted
the periscope Of submarine off MIL
ford Haven. Almost Immediately the
submarine appeared above the sur
face and signalled the FaIaba to low
err her boats.
"The passengers, or most Of them,
we're in the dining room," said one Of
the survivors. "orders were given
for the boats to be lowered, but DC
fore this could be done, the subma-
rine shot torpedo against the ship,
striking near the engine room.
IA heavy sea was running and
three of the first boats put over
were swamped and their occupants
thrown into the water. The other
boats, in spite Of the danger Of their
being capsized, rowed to the aid Of
those struggling in the water Mean.
while the submarine was circiing
around the spot, without making any
effort to aid. | saw part Of the sub
marines crew actually laughing at
US. The submarine finally dived and
disappeared.
"Within an hour or more, other
boats came to our aid, among them
tho steamer Dunedia. Aside from the
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29
II Al !

TBy Alice Robe, United Press Staff
Correspondent
ROME. March 2o.-itaIian states
men Of the more conservative school
are now bringing every ounce Of pres
sure to bear upon the governments 20
prevent any hasty action that wou'o
plunge Italy into war.
Military preparations are contInu-
ino. but there is every evidence that
the Salandra cabinet is moving slowly
and there will be no ultimatum until
all the resources Of diplomacy have
been exhausted.
The authorities not only quickly
suppressed a demonstration In front
Of the Austrian embassy yesterday,
but announced today that eighteen
participants will be severely dealt
with. Every attempt to bring about
a situation which might infiame both
the Italian and Austrian people Will
receive similar treatment.
No comment came from the govern
ment today on the order calling out
the Alpine troops Of the first cate
cory for forty-five days. The fact
that these troops will be relied upon
to defend the passes from an invasion
by Austrian troops was considered
most significant. At the same time
all engineer and artillery reserve Off
GERS were ordered to tho coiors.
a note was sent to correspondents
and to newspapers today informing
them that after AprI. the censor
will permit TO news Of any kind re-
uardina military or naval operations
to be printed or cabled. This prohini-
tion will be In effect until July 80, the
oepsor said.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29
AUSTRIA

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service. ]
PARIS, March 29.-Hungarian po-
IitIcal leaders alarmed at the fall Of
Permyst and the advance of the Rus
sians through the Carpathians, are
again urging that the dual monarchy
conclude a separate peace according
to Geneva dispatches received here.
Count Hisza, the Hungarian pre-
nisr, has been urged to take strong
stand for peace, according to Geneva
dispatches, but has consistently re-
fused. Hungarian statesmen are said
to be Convinced that ltaiy's entrance
into the war on the eide OF the allies
10 only Z matter Of few weeks.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29

GERMANY

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.1
PETRoGRAD, March 2e.-By blum
derIng night attacks, the Germans In
tho Baltic have. damaged eight OF
their own torpedo boats, according to
an official statement given out hero
today, regarding naval operations In
the Baltic since the beginning Of the
war.
THE PRICE OF FLOUR.
BERLIN, {vla Ar,sterdanr). March
2e-Beeinning April |, the price OF
flour will be lowered considerably
the government announced today. BY
taking over stocks and organizing
scientific distribution Of foodstuffs,
the company formed by the govern
ment has found it possible to make
substantial reduction.
While tho government wishes to
discourage extravaganza, It was an
nounced that the present supply of
flour Is ample to feed Germans until
the next crop.
Won KLUcK WOUNDED.
BERLIN, (vIa wireless to Sayvi'Ie),
March 2e.-GeneraI Won kIuck, noted
German army commander has been
slightly wounded while inspecting tho
advanced positions Of his army. He
was struck by bits OF shrapneI, the
war office announced this afternoon,
but his condition is satisfactory.
CAPTURE RUSSIAN TOWN.
BERLIN, March 20. (via wireless to
SayvlIIe. .)-German troops have storm
ed and captured the Russian town OF
Tauroqgen, five miles across the bord-
er Of northern East Prussia, the war
office announced this afternoon. Three
hundred Russians were taken prison
ers by the German army that drove
the siavs out Of Langzargen and 9TH
er East Prussian towns
The Russians have again threaten
ed an invasion Of East Prussia, this
time along the railway leading from
kovno over the Prussian frontier to
Sinsterburg. A German detaehment
FdeSeated this advancing army nea'
Pilviski, twenty miles from the border
with heavy losses. >
Further south In the district OF
krasnopoI, other Russian attacks
broke down, the Germans taking 1000
prisoners, including squadron OF
Russian UhIan with their horses and
five machine guns.
A Russian attack northwest of
Cicchanof, on the railway to Mlava
was easily repused.
There have been no important en-
oaaements on the western battle
front in the last twenty-four hours.
Aai,., >opa;c$e are rAported proceed-
Ing in the Arsonne and in Lorraine
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29
BALKANS

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.J
BERLIN, (via wireless to london),
March 29.-Roumania has officially
announced that she will maintain
her neutrality, the Bucharest corres-
pondent Of the Franfurter Zeitung
wired today.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29

days on the obstruction believed to be
the submarine, only to find, through
divers, that 1t was an abandoned an
chor.. An immense diving bell was
being constructed TO-DAY, by which it
is hoped to facilitate fashioning of q
cradle" OF steel hawsers, looped
about the vessel to hoist her between
.barges..
A wrecking vessel with a floating
crane stood by all last night. with
cables attached to the submarine, to
prevent losing the sunken craft Pow
erful electro-magnets were being pre-
pared to search for the vessel before
the cable drags quickly found her aft
er being loosed from the old anchor
upon which the rescuing fleet had
been working since Thursday morn
ing.
Wants Exact Location
WASHINGTON, March 29-Admir.
al Blue, acting secretary of the navy,
cabled today to Admiral Moore, com.
manding at Honolulu for the subma.
rine F-4's exact location. He sought
to end conflict in advices. Blue said
If the F-4 was at more than 200
foot depth it was doubtful If it could
be raised.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29

United Press Leased Wire Service.l
WASHINGTON, March 29-Protec-
ton for Brownsville, Texas, and its
citizepa was under discussion at the
war department today.
General Bliss. acting chief Of star,
was in touch with General Funston.
commanding the border, and with Col
onel A. P. Blockton, at Brownsville.
They have been instructed to prevent
refugees from the Matamoras battle
from crossing into the United States
and to take steps to prevent persons
on this side from being wounded by
stray shots. This danger was grow
Ing today. Villa, defeated in the in
ltial skirmishing, was reported bring
ing up his artillery. II heavy guns
We're used, all accounts agreed that
brownsville would be in grave danger.
Brownsville officials have telegraph
60 for protection. 1t Is understood
mat representations already have
70 train their artillery SO that Ameri-
can rights will be protected, but in the
neat OF battle this may not be pos
sibIe.
The Matamoras situation eclipses
all other Mexico matters today. 1t in
oicates the first real test Of strength
between Villa and Carranza.
Will Use Artillery Today.
BROWNSVILLE, Texas, March 29.-
mat Q. s. troop reinforcements along
'he border here will be necessary be-
cause of the staCarranzista fight
ils at Matamoras seemed certain to-
day.
Leaders planned to use artillery
|hen fighting Is resumed today and
tnis is certain to endanger American
property and lives on this side Of the
border.
Villas troops appeared somewhat
uisheartened today at the unexpected
IeVerses and comparatively heaty
.osses in Saturdays fighting. The ba.-
ae at Nuevo Laredo will probably 3e
ueiayed by reason of the need for all
aValiable troops at Matamoras.
Situation 10 Serious.
WASHINGTON March ss.-General
funston reported to the war depart
ient today that both villistas and
,Sarranztstas were ready for an artii-
light for Matamoras.
iney had been warned to allow no
sneus to fall on American territory,
out it was said this Was almost Inn
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29

Continued on page 2.)
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-03-29

subscribers Of the Daily Gate City
are served the full Leased Wire serv.
Ice of the United Press Associations.