davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-08-01

tract to be equal to his neighbors,- and
he would be mighty lonesome If. he
were an American who did not speak
Spanish. and had to flock by himself.
At present there are practically no
small holdings. Something like $4,000
men own all the lands of the country
and their properties are on the aver
age almostr1 1000 acres each. Many of
them have tens of Thousands of acres
and some have $4,000 and more. The
government is trying to buy lands and
colonize them. 1t has already sold
thousands of acres and some foreign
countries are purchasing lands on
which to found colonies. This will lead
eventually to a subdivision of the big
properties. but SO far the incoming
people have been chiefly Italians and
Spaniards, who live in a way that
would not at all suit an American. >
Nevertheless the possibilities of Uru-
quay are enormous. It's soil is nat
urally as rich as that of Ohio and In
diana. and it's size is almost as great
as that of those states. 1t has 100000
people while they have more than s.
100000. and it lies in the heart of a
country which some day will be as
thickly populated as the United states
is now. The subdivision of the big
estancias will make thousands of small
farms and the countries about will
offer market for Uruguay's products.
At present the most of the land is in
state of nature rather than one of
Intensive cultivation. but the govern
ment is alive to the bringing in of
new seeds and new methods of farm
ing. and it has agricultural experts
from the United States and Europe
studying the land on the ground and
teaching the people how to make the
most of it,
Right here in Montevideo there is
bureau of seed examination where
farmers can send their seed and soils
to have them examined. The seeds are
tested as to their purity and their
fitness for the soil and advice is given
as to the right seed to use. The gov
ernment has also brought in dairy
experts and it has esta ablished a num-
Der of model farms and experimental
stations where they are testing new
plants and seeds. The agricultural
department is working along some
of the lines inaugurated by the United
States. and a steady Improvement of
farming conditions is bound to go on.
The present. administration is progress
Evening star., 1915-08-01

that it will have 100000 by 1925.
Montevideo claims 100000, and it's claim
is not far from correct. Buenos Aires
lies on one bank of the Rio de la Plata.
Montevideo is on the opposite bank.
but one is near the head of the river
so that tM two cities are about 10
miles apart. 1t takes nearly eight
there are three lines of steamers that
ply nightly between them. These
steamers are somewhat like those be-
tween New York and Boston. You go
to bed at night in Buenos Aires and
wake up in Montevideo. The fare is SIS,
and you have included a good nights
rest and some coffee and bread upon
rising.
The traffic is great, for the two cities
represent not only their own popula-
tion. but the countries of which they
are the commercial, financial, political
and social centers. You might say that
Buenos Aires is the Argentine and that
Montevideo is Uruguay, as far as these
things are concerned. Buenos Aires
contains about one-flfth of the popula-
tion of Argentina, and Montevideo has
almost one-third of Uruguay living
within its bounds. In addition to this,
the citizens of Buenos Aires and Mon
tevideo practically own the two coun
that of the city alone. but Of the great
Industrial empire which lies behind it.
I have already written of Argentina.
That country is about one-third the
size of the United States, but it has a
great strip of mountains at the back
and some deserts in the far south. Uru-
quay is not much bigger than Missouri
and Connecticut combined, but it is
rich all the way through. To use
merchants expression, it is a yard wide
and all wool. or. in the language
of the butcher. 1t is a great chunk of
tenderloin steak with the fat trimmed
OF round the edges. These compari-
sons are apropos. The country pro-
duces 100,000,00o pounds of wool every
year and 1t has so many beef cattle
that it is now shipping meat to our
American markets.
Indeed. Uruguay is the smallest of all
the South American republics. 1t is
only about one-fortieth the size of Bra
zil which country, by the way. is big
ger than the whole of the United States
proper. 1t is only one-fourth the size
of Chile. one-seventh the size of Co
lombia, one-eighth as big as Venezuela
Evening star., 1915-08-01

red and pink colors. There is also a
red and green porphy and sandstone of
all colors. The governmenthas appro.
priated 100000 to buy a certain kind Of
sandstone which exists in variety of
colors, for use in the legislative palace
now building, and 1t will use native
marble in that construction. A COM
pany has been organized to develop the
green marble deposits, and a native
firm with a capital of a half million
dollars has constructed cement fac
tory to make a Portland cement, for
which Uruguay has excellent~materials.
The government itself has purchased
the Minas Dolomite quarries. There are
also some of the precious stones. such
as agates. amethysts, topazes and jas
per in many colors. The country has a
roofing slate which is said to be good.
AS to trees. Uruguay has but few ex-
cept along the banks of the streams,
but trees will grow almost everywhere
and the government is now stimulating
the planting Of them. 1t has inaugu-
rated an arbor day somewhat like that
Evening star., 1915-08-01
SACRED TENT OF
CEREMONIAL

are. Wakonda, here needy he stands,
and l am he The air is as touch
ingly fine as the words. whose sup
plicating cadences echoed through the
forests of the land long before our
race had touched it's shores, voicing
a cry recognized by every human
heart
Scattered through many of the elab-
crate rituals and religious ceremonies
are little parallels in song, in which
some natural scene or occurrence
serves as teacher to guide man in his
daily life. So we have the Song of the
Birds Nest the Song of the Laugh
and hundreds of others. When an In
dian sings he does not, like our musi-
clan. try to make an impression on an
audience, but simply pours out his
own feelings. When he goes hunting,
he sings to insure the assistance of the
unseen power in captivating the game;
when confronted with danger, he sings
that he may have strength to meet his
fate unfinchingly. When of old he
planted. he sang that the seed might
bring forth plentiful harvest Indian
songs are very short. They have no
measures. but at once voice
the actuating emotion; that done, they
come to close"
Miss Fletcher. has Of late taken es-
Evening star., 1915-08-01

canal for some time to come OF this
there is only one regular line of passenger
vessels from New York. This is the Lam
port & Holt Company, which has steamers
every two weeks The ships are of good
size. many of them being Of $4,000 tons
They are well equipped and have all the
comforts of the Transatlantic liners
They are generally patronized by Ameri-
cans. although many of our travellers go
by Europe on their way to Montevideo.
The trip is longer by the better part of
a week, but the competition is such that
the rates of passage are about the same.
1t costs 5000 TO ra frst-class passage
from New York to the River Plate, the
rate to Rio de Janeiro being just $50
less The time from New York to Nom
tevideo is twenty-five days
-.
The Lamport & Holt steamers belong
to an English company, and there are no
American-owned vessels that come to this
part of the world. The Grace steamers
pass here on their way to the Strait Of
Magellan, but do not stop Americans
in business in Montevideo and Buenos
Aires. and our consuls and diplomats as
we'll. tell me that there is urgent need for
line Of American steamers and for
American banks in these two centerA Our
trade with Argentina now amounts to
about $10,000,0OO and upward a year,
and this constitutes about one-tenth Of
the foreign commerce Of the country,
which is a total Of more than $100, ,0O0, 900
per annum. We are shipping here all
sorts Of goods, including a great deal Of
agricultural and otherwise
and we are taking Uruguay hides, wool,
and Of late a great deal OF chilled beef
This trade is bound to increase, and it
seems great pity to allow the British to
take a toll from it. The same is true a.
to banking. Almost every dollar Of
American money that comes here has to
go through an English bank, and tho
money sent back for our imports is trans
ferred, by way Of London, to our ex-
porters in New York and other localities.
FRANK G. CARPENTER,
Evening star., 1915-08-01

and this includes ships on: the. .way-eu
New Zealand and to the west coast,
There are some steamers that call only
at Montevideo and not Buenos Aires.
but all of the Buenos Aires steamers
come to Montevideo. This makes II SO
that you can get two. three. or more
steamers almost every day to Europe
and frequent steamers to the west
coast. There is also a great shipping
that goes into the interior and along
the coast of Brazil. / have Travelled
more than $500 miles on the Parana
system, and 1 could have gone almost
to the headwaters of the Amazon by
ships, sailing from here.
At present there are something like
5000 or 5000 vessels which call here
every year. and their tonnage aggregates
almost 100000. which is much in OK.
cess OF what will go through the Panama
Evening star., 1915-08-01

IN vancement of Science met. in
q = Toronto, Canada. the Ameri-
can society of the same name, a Brit
ish member. in greeting his confreres.
said II came across the sea to hear
and to see woman who is to speak at
this meeting. 1 refer to Miss Alice
Cunningham Fletcher" Miss Fletcher's
paper on that occasion was 'The Sig
nificance of the Scalp Lock Among the
Omahas. and the Mystic Rites Connect
ed With IT.
At the close of this congress the
British order invited the Americans to
accept honorary membership in their
society. There was an exception to
this invitation. and, strangely enough,
IT was that of the woman who had read
the ablest and most interesting paper
at the congress, Miss Fletcher. The
embarrassment of the Englishmen was
great, but the representatives, in To-
ronto could not break the fifty-year-
old rule of the order that no woman
should be invited to enter it.
y
But the temporary embarra ssment
was fully made up to Miss Fletcher two
years ago, when, accepting second in
vitation to read a paper before the
same British society in Sheffield, Eng
land. she was greeted with acclamation
and the Britons then announced that
since the meeting in Canada, and by
reason of the situation there, they had
repealed the old 1910 law and women
might hereafter become members Miss
Fletcher was then and there invited to
become an honorary vice president of
the British Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, the first woman
30 honored
When an Englishman is moved to do
thing, laughed Miss Fletcher, when
asked about this incident, "he does it
thoroughly. and no woman was ever
more warmly greeted than / was at
that meeting in England two years
ago"
Miss Alice Cunningham Fletcher is an
authority on the life, past and present
of the Omaha Indians, and she has been
declared the leading woman anthro-
pologist in America today, as we'll as
one of it's foremost scientists She has
given her life since girlhood to the
study of the American Indians, and
while bringing the life of these pre-
historic tribes of native Americans to
the knowledge of it's present people
she has done more than any other one
woman for the amelioration of the In
dians among whom she has lived and
worked.
Miss Fletcher's work, carried on pri-
marily in connection with the Peabody
Museum of Harvard University, eX-
tended long ago to the United States
government. for which she has supplied
the authoritative records on the sub.
jects of her research. as well as acting
for Congress in connection with its
practical work among the Indians. II
is fully thirty-flve years since Miss
Fletcher began her life work. A highly
educated young woman. she determined
TO make chronological and archaeological
research among the native tribes hel
vocation. Making her seat of study
the Peabody Museum, she soon became
one of its valuable assistants in th}
Evening star., 1915-08-01
quay Equipped With Seven League Boots

and about one-ninth the size of Peru.
Ecuador comes next to it, but it could
make Uruguay and have enough land
to spare to equal a state as big as IL
linois. This gives you some idea of the
area of the country.
Now see where it lies, Uruguay is in
the heart of the great bread lands of
the southern part of this continent. IL
is a pocket of rich soil at the lower end
of the Parana basin. Upon the north
are the wheat and cattle lands of Bra
zil. and the west is the Argentine
Mesopotamia. that great strip of fat
ness that lies between the Uruguay and
is the ocean. with the rich province of
Buenos Aires on the opposite side of
the Rio de la Plata. The country is al
most rectangular and three sides of it
are bordered by water 1t has seven
or eight hundred miles of navigable
waterways, and its character is such
Evening star., 1915-08-01

Improving its country roads. which are
SO far only in their beginning, and
railroads. 1t has now a total of 1870
miles of railway and something like
5000 miles of telegraph wires. It's
railways reach to the. Brazilian boun-
daries and it is now possible to go
from Montevideo to Rio by railroad.
The trip is about 1000 miles. or more
than twice as far as from New York
to Chicago. 1t is said to be a hard
one, the journey taking 101 hours and
costing more than the trip from New
are planned to run across the country
from north to south. and there are
railway enterprises backed by Amer
lean capital which have been tenn
but which will probably be taken up
later.
Montevideo Is natural railroad CEN
ter. 1t is situated on one of the finest
harbors of the world. This is in the
shape of a horseshoe six miles in cir
conference and so large that a thou
sand ocean steamers could anchor in
1t at one time. The towns name Mon
tevideo, means II see the mountain"
The mountain in this case is hill not
quite SO high as the Washington Mon
ument. 1t lies just back of the city,
which is built on a tongue of rock that
runs out from it. The hill is called
the Cerro, and it has lighthouse upon
it with a wonderful revolving electric
searchlight which can be seen eleven
miles out at sea. 1t has 90,000,000
candlepower.
The tongue of rock that runs out
from the hill is washed on one side by
the ocean and on the other by the
waters of the Rio de la Plata. The
bay has been dredged out at a cost of
many millions of dollars. 1t has been
walled with great docks and basins and
it's shipping facilities are now of the
best. All Of the boats that go to and
from the Strait of Magellan call here,
Evening star., 1915-08-01

pecia1 interest in bringing before. the
youth of the present generation the
games and dances as well as the light
er songs of the passing tribes. She
feels that they might with benefit be
adapted to the use of She outdoor boys
and girls of today. The Indian children
of old were as full of fun and mirth-
full energy as the little Americans of
the present. and they had decide4
originality in their games and dances.
Some of the Indian dances are very
beautiful" said Miss Fletcher. Call
ing the Flowers is particularly
charming dance derived from a cere-
mony observed among the Indians of
the Pacific coast. In this the spirits
dwelling beneath the ground are called
to come and join those who are dane
ing. AS the groups come on with their
appropriate songs they are dressed to
represent the daisies. violets and other
native wild flowers"
."The Life of the Corn" is little
drama in FIVE acts, which Miss Fletcher
has arranged for young people and
taken from the sacred rites of the
Omaha, the Usage and Pawnee tribes.
Corn" said Miss Fletcher, was held
and regarded as a gift from God.
Every stage Of its growth was cere:-
Evening star., 1915-08-01

Frank G. Carpenter Writes Of the American Republic How
Where 900 and Where 80 ESQ
Sheep for Each FamPans Supply Meat the Markets Of United SesNw
Agricultural Movements Backed by Our Government and Assisted by North American
ExpeIh New Fish Planting With Prizes
The Port of londeo and TadeUnted Steamers
Evening star., 1915-08-01

of the United States, and more than
10000 trees were planted on that day
of last year. The government is of
fering prizes to encourage the plant
ing of trees among the farmers, and in
1911 two landowners received $4,000
each for what they did along those
lines. A number of Others received
smaller prizes. AS it is now, more
than 100000 trees have been plant
ed in thirteen of the nineteen states of
the country. These are chiefly euca-
lyptus, pines. poplars. acacias and para
disc trees. In the same connection a
department of agricultural defense has
been organized to combat insect pests;
and the director of this has been sent
to the United States to find out what
our Agricultural Department is doing
along chronological lines. Argentina
has a department which Is somewhat
similar in name. 1t is known as the
defense agricola and it's chief business
is fighting the locusts. 1t has spent
millions of money. but the locusts still
live. Just now the Argentine govern
ment has several Americans who are
experimenting and studying along such
lines. They are experts who were for
a long time in the employ of our Agri-
cultural Department.
80
Another line of investigation that is
being carried on in Uruguay under
American auspices is in the study of
its fisheries and the development of
the fishing industry. The cities of
Montevideo and Buenos Aires, al
though they are near some of the best
fishing grounds of South America. are
poorly supplied with this food. A fish
expert in the person of John Nelson
Wisner, who was connected with our
Ash commission has been brought
down here and he has organized a
fishing institute at Punta del Este.
which is about six hours by rail from
Montevideo. He is making studies as
to the canning and preservation of
fish and as to the development OF the
Evening star., 1915-08-01
Copyright. 1915, by Frank G. Carpenter)

MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay.
81 CAME from Argentina to Uruguay
In a night. The two countries are
Ill separated by the Rio de la Plata
and the Rio Uruguay. and they
both form a part of the great Parana
basin. which is destined to be one of
the mightiest food lands on Gods fat
earth. Argentina is far the larger and
richer. 1t has more than fifteen times
as much territory. more than eight
times as many people, and it's capital
city. Buenos Aires. is four times the
size of Montevideo, where I am writing.
Buenos Aires has, at least, 1900, 900.
Its people claim 100000 and they say
Evening star., 1915-08-01

museum of archaeology and ethnology.
She early realized that to gain real in
sight into Indian life and character and
to proceed with original research of
the character she had in view she must
embrace the earliest available oppor-
tunity of living. among the people. This
opportunity came when the daughter of
a prominent Omaha Indian visiting
Cambridge suggested that she return
with her to her fathers home. For"
she said, on hearing Miss Fletchers
view of her work, my father would, 1
know, like to talk with you" Miss
the maiden's father ready and willing
to discuss the problems of his race.
This was an opening, and from that
day, thirty-f1ve years ago, Miss Fletch-
er's real work for and among the In
dians began. In her work of research
and in her records of it, she never for
gets, and she impresses it upon her
subjects, that it is for them as well as
for her own people that she is record
ing and preserving their fast-dylng
traditions. The consequence is that she
is aided in her work where others have
met the formidable obstacle of native
reserve.
While Miss Fletcher regards the Pea
body Museum as her scientific head
quarters and holds the Thaw fellow
ship of that institution, she makes her
chief residence in Washington. and 1t
was in her pleasant home near the
Congressional Library that a caller re-
Gently found her.
Miss Fletcher speaks with fervor of
her work. 1T has been my pleasure.
she said, Ito bring to the American
people Of today fuller of
country. There are few people who
know anything of the real life, past
or present, of the Indians. OF the old
men who gave me most of the infor
wives Many of the Indian ceremonials
have SO much of beauty, of correlation
to nature, that If We knew more of
their meaning we could not only un-
derstand better our Indian brother. but
be drawn more closely to nature"
Miss Fletcher is an authority on In
dian music. Her first volume was "A
Study of Omaha Music and it is an
exhaustive publication. 1t gives many
Indian songs and chants already OBJ
solete. The melodies in the book form
the motives of almost every Indian
musical composition which has come
to US in recent years. This collection
was the labor of many years of ex-
tensive research. Its author recorded
the music by ear and notebook before
the phonograph came into existence.
After that time the mechanical me-
dunn was used. She touched a large
instrument which stood near her hand.
1T has been one of my most valued
companions" she said.
Indian music is not the extraneous
form of entertainment among the In
dians it is with u.s. said Miss Fletch-
er. Music enveloped the Indian in
dividual and lifelike atmosphere. There
was no important personal experience
in which 1t did not bear a part. The
songs of the tribe were co-extensive
with the life of the people. This uni.
the belief that 1t was a medium of
connection between man and the un-
seen. There was no ceremonial where
it was not essential to religious ex-
preston What could be more beauti-
full than the Omaha tribal prayer? 1t
is add essed to Wakonda, the god Of
nature. Literally rendered the words
Evening star., 1915-08-01

$ e.: :: ; S: :: Is: s.: :: !:
The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1915-02-11

ure green, makes very smart extra
skirts, cut to fiareiat the sides, and hav-
ing a hemmed overlap front and back,
the front ornamented with self-covered
buttons. Very wide girdles similarly
buttoned go with this MODEL.
WELLS AND FlxINGs.
Loose hung wells. their edges bound
with satin or velvet, or with borders of
narrow ribbons or designs wrought in
the mesh, are worn in an infinite variety
of styles. White wells are more apt to have
black bindings than those that match.
White bindings on black or brown nets
are smarty endorsed; and worn by the
girlish contingent that short time back
tabooed wells as too matronly for their
use. Whatever the style of the veil af-
fected, it must hang loose and full, and
reach anywhere from the line of the
collar to the shoulder, or lower. Anything
trig and tight in the adjustment of the
veil is hopelessly out just now, though a
few stylish women cling to the accustom-
ed neat arrangement.
VERONA CLARKE.
The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1915-02-11

homework or attend to my baby 1 was
soweak. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound did me world of good, and
now am strong and healthy, can do my
work and tend my baby. l advise all
suffering women to take it and get
well as I did. Mrs. FANNIE COOPER,
RED, Bridgeton, NJ.
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound, made from native roots and
herbs, contains no narcotic or harmful
drugs, and to-day holds the record of
being the most successful remedy for
female ills we know of, and thousands
of voluntary testimonials on file in the
Pinkham laboratory at Lynn, Mass.
seem to prove this fact.
For thirty years it has been the stand
ard remedy for female ills, and has re-
stored the health of thousands of women
who have been troubled with such all
ments as displacements, inflammation,
liberation, tumors, irregularities, etc.
If you want special advice
write to Lydia e. Pinkham Med
icine Co, confidential Lynn,
Mass. Your letter will be opened,
read and answered by a woman
and held in strict confidence.