davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-11

wear on her "day of days" is still
much of secret, but most other
brides will wear white satin, or mes
saline, or Georgette crepe - which
means that brides will dress accord
ing to tradition rather than fashion.
The fall bride will affect simplicity
in her wedding gown = notice the
rather severe lines of the bridal robe
l have sketched here from a design
by Nine. Bailey of the Fashion Art
League of America. The foundation
is white satin with an oYerskirt of
hand-run lace and hand-run lace is
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-11
HOW TO EDUCATE YOUR CFILD-TEACH HIS
TORY WITH JINGLES-TEACH CHILD BY PLAY

To become teacher of her child
the mother, naturally, must equip
herself to impart the important facts
of life in an entertaining fashion.
Play must be made instructive and
constructive.
A means and my daughter Wini-
fred have found of deepest impress
siVeness has been the use of iingIes
to teach facts. All normal children
like jingles and rhythm. Facts set to
rhyme and rhythm are easily remem-
bered by them.
Another indispensable fund of
knowledge entertaingly presented is
the Book of knowledge, of which |
have already spoken. In a word, it
tells what things can do and what we
caA do with things.
Teach children colors very early.
Girls will learn them much more
readily than boys as a rule, for a
boys orthochromatic sense is much
less acute than that of the girl child.
Consequently parents and teach
ers must sharpen the bows distinc- +.
ton of colors.
In teaching your child, through
play or otherwise, do not keep his at
tenton concentrated for more than
IS minutes at time.
When you notice attention tagging
turn to some other form of amuse- .
nent and instruction.
With this caution in mind and care
fully regarded, there is DO danger of
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-11

used in the lower part of the bodice
with fine net embroidered red in crys-
tai and pearl beads forming the up
per part The quaint bell sleeves are
OF tulle. The veil is caught into soft
wide pleats and fastened at the back
of the couture with a jeweled orna-
ment that forms a Greek band
around the head.
And don't overlook the length of
the skirt. Seven inches from the
ground. Which may not be digni-
fed, but you cannot deny that it is
smart.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-11-11
TOLD BY WINIFRED SAcKVILLE
STONER

Exponent OF Natural Education
Play and love are the two impor-
tant factors in natural education.
A mother, with the great love she
bears her child, can teach the little
one more in a few minutes than a
teacher who does not love the child
can impart in hours of enforced
study.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
MINNESOTA PUBLIC HEALTH AS
SOCIATlON.

The Minnesota Public Health Asso-
citation announces that it's membership
is open to all citizens Interested.
Anyone who is concerned about his
own health, that if his neighbor, or
that of this state as whole, should
take advantage of this opportunity.
Weekly public health letters and va
rious pamphlets will be sent to every
member.
minnesota the Healthiest State in
the Union" is the slogan. knowledge
concerning disease and it's prevention
must be disseminated widely The
health and efficiency of this state de-
ponds directly upon the health and
happiness of the individual citizen.
Do you know, Mr.. Citizen, that for
your present haphazard way of pre-.
venting disease you are paying direct.
ly or indirectly, tax greater than the
war tax of a foreign citizen? Conse,
quently, you should realize that it is
not only an opportunity, but duty to
become informed and to spread this
information to less fortunate neigh.
bors. knowledge will enable you to
do your share in Minnesota's great
battle against preventable disease and
death.
Information will be sent to anyone
who sends his or her name and ad.
dress to the Minnesota Public Health
Association, Old Capitol, Saint Paul
Minnesota.
The Associations new year begins
July the first. AS new mailing lists
will be made up soon after, please
send your name in at once. Simply
address: Minnesota Public Health AS
ISOLATION, Old Capitol, st. Paul, MINI
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
cITAT!9M on on .PsEI!TL9M EoR Let

CITATION ON PETITION FOR LETT
IERS OF ADMINISTRATION
STATE OF MINNESOTA, County Of
Ramsey-ss. In Probate Court
IN the. Matter Of the Estate Of Hattie
Harrington, Decedent. s5.s
The State Of Minnesota to All Whom It
The petition of Frank B. Simpson hav-
ing been filed in this court, representing
that Hattie Harrington, then q resident
OF the County of Ramsey, State Of Mime
sofa, died intestate on the 18th day of
April 1915, and praying that letters Of
to Benjamin N Murrell.
It Is Ordered, that said petition be
heard and that all persons interested in
said matter be and hereby are cited and
required to appear before this Court on
Tuesday. the 18th day Of July, 1915, at
10 o'clock in the forenoon or as soon
ct the Probate Court Room, in the Court
House in the City of st. Paul, In said
County, and show cause, If any they have,
why said petition should not be granted
and that this citation be served by the
publication thereof in The Appeal ac-.
cording to law, and by mailing copy Of
this citation at least 4 days before said
said decedent whose names and addresses
are known and appear from the files Of
Witness the Judge Of said Court, this
Seal Of 3. w. BAzILLE.
PrObataCOurt. Judge Of Probate
r. W. GosEwIscH,
W. i. FRANCES, Attorney. q
$40 Am. NATL Bank Bldg,
st. Paul. MINI. 6-19-15
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
ODD FELLOWS

= MARS LODGE NO 22c2 G. U q y.
=. meets second and fourth WeSnao'
cay nights at Odd Fellows Hal 90,
o West university, corner Farrinetnr
Avenue. Entrance on Farrington 2C
dRGaAsom, N. G., J. Wesley Kei1v T.
800 st. Anthony Ave. T. o.
oo FREDERICK DOUGLASS LoD(,E NJ,
SVVo e: y. O. Of o. f. meets fsrst ~.
Inird Friday nights in each mnnth ana
Ooa Fellows Hall, corner Of Farrinr+o.'
az nI1 University avenues, at 8 O'CLOCK Ar
0dd Fellows in good STANDING weIc. An
~. a. Hatton, N. c.: James Is 49, oiue
81 $40 Carroll avenue 1-'"i' r.
81. PAUL. PATRIARrHY NO -.
nee Meets third Monday in each month u =,
U ;.o feNoWs Hall. corner Of w. TInivars
lty and Harrington avenues. H ntrsas.
on harrington. George q. TO-. snG g
=" Augustus Jones' W. p. r. "
HOUSEHOLD OF RUTH NO *, r
Of o. +. meets first and W. 49, -
,. oo1ek In each month at Odd 'E ~,
lows Hall. N. W. Cor. universitt, rel.
- arIrC!ngton Ave. Mrs Jeannette xii,
a ~ ~: IT,: Mrs. Carrie e. LindssS y
80 woodbridge street, w. H.
Minneapolis.
,, HOUSEHOLD OF RIFFS Nh A..
Tuesday in each mon at6oa af 1 and fourth
b Z HSl. Cor. Fourth street ana NIT.
Ifys south. Mrs. S. Darager N ~ 1 m
MISS cora Napier, W. r. Ave- w.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
Reforms Needed at Home.

(From The Christian Register.)
Race bitterness makes argument, or
discussion, or any effort to come to a
common understanding quite useless.
Where much racefeeling is engaged,
reason is neutralized. With some peo-
pie, questions of the rights Of colored
people under the Constitution, Of the
people of California have become i'm
possible. They simply can not discuss
the subject. While this is the case
in this country, we have enough to
do in cleansing our own blood of
germs of conflict without thinking it
our main business to reach across
the water in restraint of war. War is
incipient among US in these matters,
and cruel barbarities frequent enough,
to keep us busy reforming ourselves.
Billy Sunday speaks out emphati.
cally, acrobatically and ungrammatic-
ally against almost every wrong in the
country-except race prejudice. If
he wants to show that he is real
brave man, not afraid to tacke any,
thing, and do some good where it is
most needed, let him speak out aginst
race prejudice.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
ORDER FOR eRED,roRs TO PRESENT

ORDER FOR CREDITORS TO PRESENT
STATE OF MINNESOTA, County Of
Ramsey-Ss. In Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Estate of John N.
Jenkins, Deceased.
Letters teStamentary on the Estate of
John N. Jenkins deceased, late of the
County of Ramsey and State of Minne-
sofa, being granted to j. Louis Erwin.
1T is Ordered, that six months be and
the same is hereby allowed from and
after the date of this Order, in which all
persons having claims or demands against
the said deceased, are required to file
the same in the Probate Court of said
County, for examination and allowance,
or be forever barred.
It Is Further Ordered, that the first
Monday in January, 1915, at 10 O'Clock
bate Court, to be held at the Court House,
be and the same hereby is appointed as
the time and place when and where the
said Probate Court will examine and adj
just said claims and demands.
And it is Further Ordered, that notice
OF such hearing be given to all creditors
and persons interested in said Estate,
by forthwith publishing this Order once
in each week for three successive weeks
In The Appeal, a legal newspaper, printed
and published in said County
1915. go. - - = @1''o'
BY the Court:
Seal Of e. W. BAZILLE,
Probate Court. Judge Of Probate.
]. LOUIS ERWIN, Attorney at Law,
SO3 Court Blk. st. Paul. MINI. 6-19-15
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
MINNEAPOLIS
THE DoINGs IN AND ABOUT THE
GREAT "FLouR CITY"
Matters Social, Religious and General
Which Have Happened ana are 70.
Happen Among the People Of the
City.
J. N. SELLERS, MANAGER
1912 Tenth Avenue So.
Tel. N. w. South 1872.
SATURDAY. JUNE rs. 1915.
SATURDAY, JUNE 26, 1915.

Miss Albreta Bell was accompanist
Mrs. Bryant is much improved this
week.
Mrs. N. Stone, 2712 Grand avenue,
is on the sick list.
Mrs. E. B. James, is still improving
after long illness.
Mrs. Mamie Banks, 3O1 E. Lake
street, is on the sick list.
Mr.. Noah Moss, 4O3 E. 18th street, is
on the sick list this week.
Mrs. J. M. Mask has moved her Chop
Suey Cafe to 300-302 Fifth Ave. So.
Miss Mildred Buttner, 1914 Fourth
avenue south, after weeks illness is
again able to be out.
The marriage at Mr.. James Lane
and Miss Helen Rice was solemnized
by Rev. TT. Carter last Sunday.
st. Peter A. M. E. church will give
a picnic at Parkers Lake in the near
future. Watch for further particu-
lars.
Lawyer W. H. Franklin, who has
had his office in the Metropolitan Life
Bldg, has moved to Iron Exchange
Bldg, cor. 4th ave. and So 4th St.,
Room 2O3. Opposite Court House.)
Miss Rieva Washington, daughter
of Mr. and Mrs. John Washington, OF
1900 Penn avenue NJ, has returned
from Washington, D. c., where she
completed four year course at the
National School. .. ...a
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
CITATION FOR, EXAMINATION OF

CITATION FOR EXAMINATION OF
FINAL ACCOUNT.
State of Minnesota, County of Ramsey.
Ssh Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Estate of Prentis
NJ Clark. Decedent
The State of Minnesota to All Whom it
Concern: 49,
on reading and filing the petition
OF the representative Of said estate,
praying that the Court. fix a time and
pace tor examining, adjusting and al
the assignment Of the residue Of said
estate to the persons thereto entitled:
1t is Ordered, That said petition be
heard and that all persons interested
in said matter be cited and required to
appear before this Court, on TUESDAY,
the 9th day of July, 1915, at 10 o'clock,
A. NJ, or as soon thereafter as said
matter can be heard, at the Probate
Court Rooms in the Court House in the
City of ST. Paul, in said County, and
show cause, if any they have, why said
MS ci i t on be served by publication
and by mailing copy of this citation
at least Il days before said day of
hearing, to each of the heirs; deyisees
and legatees of said decedent whose
names and addresses appear from the
files of this Court.
Witness the Judge of said Court this
21st day of June, A. D. 1915.
Seal of Probate Court.
E. W. BAZILLE,
Attest: F. W. GosEW1cH, e'
s, P. CROSBY, Atty.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
CHURCHES

PILGRIM BAPTIST cH1,Rru IN
gar street and Summit ayenGa CH s,,n e..
S ean Preaching at 100 n N LAY
2. s. @ :15 sunday u a. SCHOOL at 1890, B. Y.
choir rehearsal we ddraysr SERVICE viz and
tended sIs R sgd weddings Promptly at A.
STUDY at Mess central avenue. Pastors
church Eel Jackson BAG.
MEMORIAL BAPTIST cr,,,,,,
corner Rlce and Fuller streets. SUNDAY
setvices: PREACHING, II a. m. and :,
~; sunday School 12:45: Deaconas.
:, Z; B. Y. P. u. 1880 D. m pnh
nc cordially invited. Rev. n II NJ
Oohald, pastor. 651 w. Central .vonr.
r, ST: JAMES A. M. e. cH1,Rcu cop
ic aser a nd Jay streets. SUNDAY S ssrH
pr prayer meeting 500 p M Pastor Siait,
nesday and Thur sddsSay' W 81 hG%s Wed:
nerals and the sick SitenToSu otnss, ~
TTarsonage 1876 jag street. Rev u He nosiG g
s. PHILIPS episcopal. ,,,ss,o>
c etnaut Aurora avenue and Mac cs1bN
ton e O., H an1hday services: Early ceiebra.
celahra ti noy eucharist 1880 q. IN. Hish
third sunday 81 i HSay nuchsslst r.t ana
and fourth Sundays HOO a. m. s Sse9aT
AnIra,,, ICY s.oo p. m. Brotherhood OF Ell
WEEK. lew $500 go p; m. vespers. 1850 D. m
class e. 9ny, e wednesdays. confirmation
e e:oo p. M Saturdays Holy Encharist
10y az T q: m, Rev. A. n. Lealtad. Rector
ZION PRESBYTERIAN cIr,pcr, cou
harrington and st. Anthony avenues s ST,.
S S:Go services, preaching, 1900 A. NJ and
YOUNG You P M; Sunday School 1880 p NJ;
weeil =, e eoPles meeting, 700 p. M; Mid
E E;a wi 6 W Camp. pastor. Manse s7i
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
so-LIT INVITATIONS.
To Whom This Nav Concern.

To Whom This May Concern.
The So-Lit Club has issued invita-
lions for a private River Outing, but
there is a typographical mistake in
them. The outing will occur on Tues
day, June 20, and not on Thursday as
the invitations read. Invited guests
will please take notice and govern
themselves accordingly.
Guests are also requested to present
invitations at the boat.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
SOME REAL ESTATE SNAPS.

FOR SALE-Lot on St. Adams, near
Carroll. Terms.
FOR RENT-Six-room modern resi-.
dence, 521 Rondo street.
FOR SALE-Corner grocery, mixed
trade, also doing a good cafe business.
FOR SALE = Eight-room modern
house, suitable for two families, St.
Anthony avenue. Easy terms, $2,7O0.
Many other bargains.
FREDERICK D. McCRACKEN,
Old merchants Bank Bldg,
... Fifth and Jackson,
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
Fire Insurance Rate Cut.

A reduction of 20 per cent is to
be made in the annual rate on dwell
ings and contents in all municipalities
having fire protection. The term rule,
however, is changed so that hereafter
the rate for three years will be two
and half instead of two times the an
nual rate, and the rate for five years
will be four instead of three times the
annual rate. With the 20 per cent
reduction in the annual rate, the three
year rate will remain the same and
the five year rate will be increased
about 62s per cent
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
F. D. McCracken Appointed

Mr.. F. D. McCracken, our Real Es-
tate and Insurance Agent, has been
duly appointed the authorized agent
for st. Paul Of the Pacific Mutual Life
Insurance Company, writing all kinds
of policies issued by said company
covering sick, accident and life. AS
the Pacific Mutual Life Insurance
Company is the authorized railroad
insurance for employees of the North
ern Pacific, Great Northern and Mil
waukee Lines, his appointment will
be much appreciated by his many
railroad friends. ... -.....
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26
SPECIAL.

FOR RENT-A beautiful 8 room
house, all modern, recently decorated;
excellent neighborhood, on Iglehart
Avenue, for $3.50 per month, to re-
sponsible party who will take years
lease. F. D. McCracken, (Old) Mer-
chants Bank bldg.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1915-06-26

= GOPHER LODGE NO. 1o5. LBp n
n y: OF the World. meets the second w. ~
ne am night In each month st 1..e Gu.
81 GO CORNER Western Ave. and Chsr Iss
S.. 81: PAUL. Q. G. HALL e. r.
n'cnard NJ. Johnson. Sec. 572 Kent stree,
The Clay City times. [volume] (Clay City, Ky.) 1901-current, 1915-12-23
Father OF n. q.
Garrett is Dead

James II. GLrret, aged IS years
died at Means, Montgomery Co.
urlay night, after long ill.,
ness. He was a native uf Clark
county, but had spent mast Of hi
life III Powell and Montgomery
counties. Mr.. Garrett is surviv-
ed by his son, ii. Green Garrctt
and two daughters. Mrs. }. II.
Shay, of Ponca City, Okla anl
Mrs. Caroline Chambers, of Nom
gomery county. Mr.. Garrett was
one of the most widely known and
highly respected men in his con-
munity.
The Clay City times. [volume] (Clay City, Ky.) 1901-current, 1915-12-23

on the great work that God has so Won
drously blessed them in? When mcr
and women are Christ-likc, and whcu
there is a passion for soul winning in
their hearts, and when we recognize our
neigh bors across the street As our bro
Tiers, then will those outside the churrlI
realize the great need of the Christ in
their own lives As long as there i,
malice and hatred for our sister church
es. and we cannot extend to them The.
hand of falinwships ara "Gbl BlqA
your, then will the mass on the OUTSIDE
doubt the religion Of Jesus Christ. We
must work together, pray together.
fight together, and unite together in
brotherly love, If We want the out id
world to believe in the power of the
Cross. There must be n confederation
OF christian forces before we can make
Roadway against the tremendous forces
of evil. Satan will endeavor to keep
us divided and fighting among ourselve>
as long as he can, for he knows that
as long as there is discord in the rank
Of christian people that he is secure
to go on with his work in the kingdom
of darkness The devil has recruited
his forces out of men and women that
should have and would have been christ
ians, but for this hatred and animosit,
that has existed so long. \ chief n
Africa asked, (which is the bigger God
the Presby terrain God, the Baptis st God
or the Methodist God, and JapaneS,
nobleman. crossing the Public Square
of Toxic, who, urged To become christ
ian, sweeps his hand about the square,
where score or more missionary agen-
cics have their homes aud asks, (which
Christianity" May we take til,
lesson home ana enter more earnestly
in the great work of uniting ourselves
aud help to win the world for Christ.
The Clay City times. [volume] (Clay City, Ky.) 1901-current, 1915-12-23

The high water of few day IS
ago did considerable damage, es-
pecially on bottom lands, where
"A large amount of corn and f0d-
der was washed away. Several
bridges on the railroad We're
weakened and all trains have
been delayed.
The Clay City times. [volume] (Clay City, Ky.) 1901-current, 1915-12-23
Prizes For Pupils
of Moonlight School

The Brodhead- Garrett Co., al.
ways to the front when anything
FOR the good of the community is
concerned, have shown their APP
probation of the good work done
.hy Mrs. Scale and Miss Bowen in
the Moonlight school, by donat-
ing $1,000 worth of prizes to be
distributed to the pupils Thurs
The Clay City times. [volume] (Clay City, Ky.) 1901-current, 1915-12-23

paying for divided christianity today
We must conserve our forces, and move
against the enemy.
We must recognize the rights of other
men to their convictions. A man would
not belong to II certain church, If he
thought he was going to lose his soul
by it. Some preachers cannot under
stand why every body in the world can
not believe as he does. 1t would be II
marvellous worle il that was so. Some
preachers think they have corner on
salvation, and that they are the fav Or
ties of heaven. The world has as little
patience with them as had Ruskins with
a preacher he met at Turin. "A little
squeaking idiot" he says, twas preach
ing to an audience of old women, and
three louis, who thought they were the
only children of God, in Turin, and all
the other people in the world be dam
ned" We read of how one preacher
called his neighbor preachers devils
vi AIlt Olh
hellish murderers-busphcm and
Satin sent preachers" and the other
preacher in turn, called his neighbor
"A designing wolf-dealer in stolen
wares-unpyncipled as a rock-as silly
AS Il jackdaw first pilfcring his neighbor
and then going forth proudly displaying
his borrowed tail To the eyes of laugh
ing world. And there are preachers
today who might not use those words,
but have the same spirit of anmosity
in their hearts and go up and down the
country dcnouncing sister church,
which is doing mighty work for God
There is n fellowship possible and
that can be attained, that will not re-
quire any unfaithfulness to convic-
tions in our beliefs II we are to work
together there must be christian love
Within ourselves and aC rust work
tremendously together II we are to
accomplish the work Of the Kingdom
of God there must be mutual ac-
quaintance, understanding ard appre-
cation mn cog the churches. The spirit
of division will always he perpetuatcd
rs long as some preachers seek to
harm or misrcpresent some great
church that has accomplished mighty |
things for God. The Talmud says: !
Walking on the mountain one day. | |
saw n form which took u be beast
coming nearer | saw it was a man ap- |
preaching nearer still, | found il was
my brother % Aud so we are brothers,
working together for a common aim. |
that of cvangelizatiOn of the world. |
Churches are being drawn closer to-
gether To fight a common foe, and help |
NJ ma AMI wlm,u fin thc Gross Of |
Calvary that will redeem their lives.
Christ's presence has been manifest in .
every church and every age. Marvel
Gus indeed. has been the glorious histO-
~ of the leading churches of today. |
And shall some preacher say that God
has not had part in the wonderful |
work that rs been wrought, that the .
influence of the Christ has not been felt |
and seen in their great achievements? ,
Shall we deny To them the right to help
win the world for Christ, and TO carry
The Clay City times. [volume] (Clay City, Ky.) 1901-current, 1915-12-23
A Boy and a Girl

DR.. Martin reports the birth IF
fine girl To the wife Of Clint
Curtis, of Snow Greek, and boy
to the wife of BLIZZARD Potts.
The Clay City times. [volume] (Clay City, Ky.) 1901-current, 1915-12-23

day night. Mr.. d. G Mitchell,
of Oakland, Cal, also contribut.
ed $500 for the same purpose,
The Washington herald., 1915-05-15
GROWTH OF PELLAGRA
ENORMOUS In AMERICA
Boards of Health Secretaries Hear Dr.
Hurty's Plea Against Sins
IF Sorietv
or Society,".

The enormous growth of pellagra
throughout this country during the
past year was emphasized at the con-
gress OF secretaries of State boards and
provincial boards of health held yes
terday at the New willard Physicians
declared the principal cause was in
sufficient. faulty and poorly balanced
diet. together with poor ventilation and
unfavorable environment.
Common carriers in their relation to
disease; model State. district and
county health laws: sanitation, and
venereal diseases were some of the
other subjects discussed
DIR. John n. Hurry, chairman of the
committee on venereal diseases, con-
cluded his report with the paragraph:
There is no substitute for right
eousness. To seek cure and depend up-
on II is not wise. We must begin with
the children to eradicate the evils Of
society. Secure to every child its in
alienable right to be well born: its in
alienable right to be trained wisely in
mind. body and soul: its inaliena Bile
right to be protected from evil persons,
from evil influences and from disease.
II We will ceaselessly strive to secure
these rights to our children disea ses
and the number of delinquent adults
will be greatly reduced. and relief and
reform will not continue to burden M
- before"