Evening star., 1915-12-31

was SUNK Dy b SoEIudh SS
marine off the coast of Ireland. with
loss of nearly 1900 lives; including up
ward of a hundred Americans. On May
13 the United States protested against
the German submarine policy and de.
Iclared it's intention of maintaining tht
rights of American citizens. On MAJ
rs the American steamer Nebraska
1.-The south coast of ireland. On May u
1.-THE German reply to the United StateS
note of protest in regard to the SUI SUI,
marine policy in the so-calied wa,
of the German position was reserve
until common basis of fact as TO the
status of the Lusitania should De 60 o.
|tablished On May 81 Germany macs
lofficial announcement that the Gun
flight had been sunk by German SUD
marine, whose captain failed to recos-
lnize the American flag. ,,,,
| On June g. Secretary of state WllilaH
y. Bryan resigned his Office to aVoio
signing a second note of protest 10
lGermany against submarine interIei
ence with merchant ships. On the iol-
lowing day this note was sent ana as
American ships and lives should oe
Isafeguarded. On June % the brltish ~
government sent an official note TO the
American ambassador explaining eI-
Iforts made to protect neutral shipping
On June % the British steamer Ar
menian was destroyed by GERMAN
submarine off the coast OF soutnern
England and number of AmericaIs ms
in the crew lost their lives. On Sniy y
3 ]. p Morgan, the financier, was snot
and wounded by Frank Holt, an N
structor in German at Corneii IN.
| versity, with the intent to further lne
Teutonic cause. Holt had e,to, Prev,T,usatt =
| Washington, with the design OF oe
stroying the structure.
On July s Germany replied to the
second Washington note regarding tne
submarine war against merchant snips,
Ipromising safety to United States ships
! in the war zone If specifically markeu,
land suggesting that the American ita Z
be placed on four hostile steamers 10.
the safe transportation of American
passengers On the same day the
| Washington government assumed CON
troll of the wireless station at say
VILE, Long Island, owned by Germans.
| to insure strict neutrality. On july 10
Germany announced officially that the
attack on the Nebraskan was made py
a submarine through mistake OF the
German captain.
Third Note to Germany.
| On July 81 the United States sent
third note to Germany. with the state
| ment that the German reply to a for-
mer note had been very unsatisfac-
| tor and that a repetition of the acts
! complained of would be regarded as
deliberately unfriendly." On August
several notes from Great Britain con-
cerning interference with American
| trade in the war zone were made puo-
| lie. in which it was claimed that Great
Britain was doing nothing In violation
| of International law. In the case OF the
| William p Frye, an American ship
sunk by the Prince Eitel Friedrich,
January 2s, Germany agreed to furnish
! indemnity, and the United states ac-
| cepted the offer and proposed that the
| matter be referred to The Hague court.
| On August 10 the British liner Arabic
| was torpedoed by German submarine
and several Americans were drowned.
A lively diplomatic controversy iol,
| lowed, and the tension in the United
| States was at the breaking point On
| September the German government
notified the United States that the cap,
| tain of. the submarine had torpedoed
| the Arabic in self-defense, believing
| that she was about to ram him. On
| September the United States asked
Austria Hungary to recall Dr. Dumoa,
| it's amba ssador, charged with being ac-
| tive in a movement to cripple Amer
| lean manufacture of munitions. On
| October the German government dis
| avowed the act Of the submarine cap
| tain who sank the Arabic. At this
| ing French-British loan of sao0,00o,000
| had been oversubscribed.
| The United States secret service, Oc-
! tober "a, arrested young man who
| ca He'd himself Robert Fay and declared
| that he was lieutenant in the Ger
man army and came to America to de-
| stroy merchant vessels of the allies
| and American munition plants. Early
| in December the Washington govern
ment demanded the recall of the Ger
| man attaches, BoyEd and Won Papen,
on the ground of pernicious activity.
| rha r;-;I JIyor ~ Mo~;ro
Mexico has furnished still further
proof that she Is not yet able to adjust
| herself to a democratic form of gov
| ernment. Since the end of the firm die
tatorship maintained for thirtyfive
| years by the late Porfrio Diaz no sue
cessor ma asterful enough to curb all
warning factions has been found. In
the early part of the year it was evil
dent that Francisco Villa had the ambi-
| ton TO become the political Warwick
| of the republic. On January Z he de-
posed the provisional governor. Cutter
| rez. and installed Gen. Cara in his
| place. He was still master of the sit
uation at the City Of Mexico, and Car
| Vera Cruz. Meantime. the fighting
went on uninterruptedly. with varying
| results. but none decisive.
! In June the situation on the border
| ana elsewhere became so 1TrlLatlnR tHdt
| the United States government felt COM
| PEELED to give official warning to the
factionai leaders that failure on their
| part to come to some agreement would
| necessitate intervention. Despite this
! intimatiop, the forces of Villa and Car
| rama continued to keep revolution
| af1ame, and by midsummer the Mexican
situation seemed to be more inexplica-
! BILE than ever. Villas star waned per-
| ceptibly. A new military influence.
! Gen. Obregon. took the center of tbs
stage. He assumed the leadership of
| the Carranza faction. and his military
successes were considerable. In July
| Gen. Gonzales. another Carranza sup
! porter, fought his way into Mexico
| City, dspla cling Gen. Zapata, who held
! the place in the Villa interest Later,
| Gonzales was driven out and the situa- :
! tion was so threatening to life end
| property in the capital that, in August,
| American battleships were ordered to
| Vera Cruz but were not put into ac-
| ton. In this month, also. an appeal
| signed by Secretary of State Lansing
| and the representatives of South and
| Central American governments asking
| all warning elements in Mexico to get
| together in an attempt at pacification
| was sent to the various leaders. Dur
| ing September the fighting on the Mex
| lean border grew more desperate
| There were many fatalities before
| United States troops gained control of
| the situation.
On October 10 nine of the principal
governments of the American .hemis-
phere, headed by the United States.
recognized the de facto government of