The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-27

almost that wide. Its eastern pouI-
darv is the Atlantic and the coast is
bleak and bare. The lana rises from
the ocean and goes back to the Andes
in a series of terraces, which are on
the ayera ge several hundred feet hlgh
The southern part OF the territory
has many fenced ranches ana It's
sheep are numbered by millions. In
the region of the SamerOns alone
there are about 25O,0O0, and there are
many large proprietOrs who each own
hundreds of cattle and thousands of
sheep. There are also large sheep
farms along the Rio Gallegos, one of
which, belonging TO Capt. Ebef-
hard, has 100000 acres and 10000
sheep, and another belonging to Ham
ilton and Landers, about 100000 acres
and $4,000 sheep. Both Of these big
tracts are fenced In addition. there
are many other men who have hOcks
of from ten to thirty thousand each.
The sheep of that region are gener-
ally of the Falkland and Romney
Marsh breeds, crossed with Merinos.
They are big, weighing Oh the average
from 140 to 22O pounds. They are
noted for their wool, which is short
and thick, protecting the animals
against cold winters. Some of the
! feeces weigh as much as eight and
| ten pounds.
| Santa Cruz has three ports Of i'm
portance One is Desado. at the mouth
| Of the DesadO river; another, Santa
Cruz, at the mouth of the Chico riv-
| ed, and the third, Galegos, at the
mouth of the Gallegos river, Santa
Cruz has only hundred houses or
SO running around little harbor
| backed by hills. The houses are built
of wood and galvanized iron and some
Of them have been imported knock
down from Europe. The place is the
site of a fish hatchery modelled after
those Of the United States. the fish
being sent from there to other parts
Of the republic.
Gallegos is the capital of Santa Cruz
territory. It was named after the
pilot Of one Of Magellan's ships, which
called there at the time the straits
} were discovered about A. D. 1920.
The town has a population of 1900.
| 1t is the chief port of the territory.
The island Of Terra del Fuego was
once supposed to be barren and
worthless, but it now has some of the
great sheep farms of the world. The
western part Of it belongs to Chile
and the eastern part to the Argentina
Republic. If you will draw a line di-
rectly south from Cape Virggen,s at
the eastern end Of the Strait Of Mag
J elan, it will go along the boundary
I between the two countries The Ar
6OIlNluc ScCA1OH Is huOWN DIS Tie toITl'
tory Of TERRA del Fuego. 1t is jus
about the size Of Massa achusetts, it,
area being $500 square miles, and its
shape is a triangle, bounded on the
north and south by the Atlantic ocea1
; and on the west by Chile
n There are regular steamers from
: Bahia Blanca to the Strait of Magel
Ian, and once a month there is a yes
sci to TERRA del Fuego The shil
skirts the eide Of ho 81
: and goes about Its southern boundar,
e through Beagle channel to Ushiaia
e the capital on the southern coast
n The voyage lasts about forty-f1ve days
e and the fare is just about 800 Tn
e ships call at all Of the ports alon,
it the voyage at Ushiaia
| Ushiaia is the sOuthernmost town @
l. the world. It is 1870 miles south O
Buenos Aires, one hundred miles or s
:, south of the Straits Of Magellan, an
~ more than 1000 miles south Of tn
re Cape Of Good HOPE. The town is
~ convict settlement and it has a larg
:" prison for habitual criminals Th
~ ~ penltennary has sawmill and ais
Workshops for lOcksSmithS carDen
ters and shoemakers. It has a foun
y. dry, a printing Office and a baker
-, ~ and there is quarry nearby wher
ia 10 SoICeH oul LOT snip
ment to the north. The prisoners d
"a the work of the community The
~ ~ make the streets and build the house
- They furnish electric lights by NEAR
W, OF motor and dynamo worked b
~ themselves.
~ ~ There are a few Indians living ;
ha Ushlaia and others are scattered he,
"a "a and there over Argentine TERRA. d,
,u fuego. Altogether there are now les
than one thousand, and in time the
,io VIII pass away. When the white me
an nrst came to this part of the wor]
"a !lerra del FuegO had something liL
90 10000 red men. These belonged
M t~o principal tribes, known as tt
nd ohas and Yaghans. They were sa,
. ages, living by hunting and f1shin
re Ihey went almost naked, but the
re- We comparatively healthy The
IN came the missionaries, and with the
came clothes, and with clothes 20,