davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
MINIATURE
TORPEDOES
USED by Kaiser
THE fact that it takes from ten months
to a year to construct a torpedo may

THE fact that it takes from ten months
to a year to construct a torpedo may
account for the sparing use Of them
by some of the belligerent nations. Ger.
many's reckless expenditure of this highly
expensive and tediously made instrument
of destruction has amazed the world. but it
has just come to light that the kaiser is
not wasting $4,000 torpedoes of 1o.0OO-yard
range on little 9OOton coastins steamers
and trawlers.
The Germans. as soon as they embarked
on their famous submarine blockade, be-
gan turning out torpedoes in five months
time. These. instead of carrying $50 to
300 pounds of guncotton, carry charge
Of 100 pounds or less. They have a range
Of only 1000 to 1900 yards, so that much
Of the intricate steering and propelling
mechanism is omitted. These new minia-
ture torpedoes cost only $4,000, and are
ably ample to blow up the small merchant
vessels which have been the chief victims
of the blockade.
Germany. too. manufactures a sort of
intermediate torpedo. with a range Of
1000 to 1000 yards. that costs about
$500.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
MEDICAL Reserve Corps of the
U.S.. ARMY Gross|yNEGLECTED

who wished to become soldiers, the in
structors dif not attempt to feed them
with higher tactics, but began with the
simpler litter drill. and similar ele
mentary work.
The work of these camps of instruc-
ton, while relatively elementary, is as
necessary to the medico-military neo-
phyte as is the study of anatomy to the
medical student or the three Rs" to the
school child. 1t is hoped that the handi-
cap which existed this year will be re-
moved before next summer, and that the
officers of the Medical Reserve Corps.
who wish to learn more of the duties
pertaining to their position. may not be
obliged to furnish their own transporta-
tion and subsistence, but may be placed
for purposes of training on the active list
of the Medical Reserve Corps and thereby
be entitled to transportation and the
pay of their grade.
If opportunity should be given to all
officers of the corps to come under in
struction next summer, the additional
expense to the government would be re-
paid many times by the enthusiastic CO.
operation of the officers who take the
course, and by their increase in efficiency.
The interest manifested by the officers
who took the course of instruction this
summer, the eagerness with which they
absorbed information, the desire shown
by many to return for subsequent
courses, all indicate that the Medical Re-
serve Corps Of the army. inactive list,
takes its position seriously and believes
that it is its patriotic duty to become ef-
acient, SO that in time Of its country's
need it will not be found wanting.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12

One of the most important parts OF the
coast artillery drill is target practice, not
alone with service charges, but in SUBJ
caliber work, where an inner tube placed
inside big disappearing gun and firing a
one-pound shot gives a means of excel
lent practice, without the great expense
of firing service charge.
For this it is necessary to have targets.
These targets are towed by tugs. The
targets are necessary also for the train
ing of the range sections, for the OBJ
servers manning the delicate instruments
used for position finding must have prac-
tice and they cannot always depend upon
passing vessels for practice.
The big canvas targets are mounted ON
pontoons. The tug captains must follow
certain courses, but for many reasons it
is necessary to have signal communica-
tion between tug and shore. Sometimes.
for instance, the fort commander, in his
own station. will want to direct the tug
To change its course "a that-ht battery
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12

IKE all other branches of the mill
tary service, the Medical Reserve
Corps of the U. S Army has been
grossly neglected. When the corps was
formed, great many medical men
hastened to enroll themselves, but this
is about as far as the corps has
progressed. The government. apparent
ly, has taken little interest in the Medi-
cal Reserve. In New York, Chicago and
st. Louis, the organizations have ar
ranged for lectures at long intervals by
officers of the Army Medical Corps and
a few members have become interested
enough to seek out the required knowl-
edge at military posts.
The war department, it is true, Is
ready to furnish on application certain
standard works useful to members OF
the reserve, but no attempt has been
made to push the circulation OF these
works and consequently they have found
their way into the hands of a pitifully
small number of the enthusiastic physi-
clans and surgeons who enrolled in the
reserve.
This year summer camps OF instruc-
tion were established in several places.
While the attendance at these camps was
not large. they were undoubtedly step
in the right direction; they were evi-
dence that the government appreciates
the necessity Of giving to reserve medical
officers technical instruction In their
duties and that the officers themselves
welcome the long deferred instruction.
Realizing that much could not be ex-
>scted from nonmilitary medical men
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12

tries on every continent of the globe and
in seventeen states of this country.
Charles D. Wolcott, after investiga-
tionS IN British Columbia and Montana,
discovered near Helena the remains of
crab-like animals, suggesting in form the
fresh water cray-ishes. These fossils"
says DR.. Wolcott. ARE the oldest animal
remains now known. and the algal de-
posits which occur at intervals for sew
eral thousand feet below the shales con-
tanning the crustaceans. are the oldest
authentic vegetable remains 1t is also
most interesting that two types of bac-
terra have been found in a fossil state in
the rock in association with the algal re-
mains"
Excavations at the cave deposit near
Cumberland. Md. added to the already
important collection from this region
over 400 specimens of fossil animals. de-
posted there in far-off Plestocene time.
Among these was a practically complete
skeleton Of the large. extinct peccary,
measuring more than four feet in length,
a partial skull of wolverine. and sew
eral skulls of extinct species of the black
bear.
In distant Celebes. Malay Archipelago.
H. c. Raven captured a specimen of
babirussa, a pig with peculiar. erect
tusks. curved backward above the fore
head. Specimens from Borneo sent in
by Raven to the National museum number
more than 5000 animals and birds
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12

~ AYLIGHT searchlights are impor-
tant parts of the United States
coast defense system in peace times.
and probably will be employed should the
necessity arise for this country to go to
war with foreign power. Searchlights
are now used in the day time for signal
work. the signals being sent to tugs tow
ing the targets on which the coast de-
fense guards practice gunnery The
searchlights are turned directly on the
tugs, and dots and dashes are trans
mitted by means of a shutter The tug
answers with its whistle, the smoke puffs
being visible even when the sound can
not be heard.
In case of war. 1t is likely that the
same system would be used to commu-
nicate with scout boats too small to carry
wireless, or possibly with small aero
planes not equipped with radio appar-
stus
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
BalI00n'Cones
Back as Weapon
of Modern War

THE captive balloon is playing an as
tonishing role in this war 1t was
first used in maneuvers for signaling
purposes only. Aviators did all the work
1t was taken into this war as something
antiquated. But it has come to unex-
pected honor. thanks to the conditions of
modern warfare Captive balloons are to
be seen all along the front and their value
is great. They carry aloft whole batteries
of Photographic apparatus.
The aviator, soaring through the air at
a tremendous speed, has not the leisure to
make the observations possible to the man
in the balloon. The balloon is stationary
It remains on the spot for hours and even
for days. Even if the observer suffers from
the equivalent of sea sickness he remains
aloft. He is the eye of the artillery. He
watches every move of the opponent, the
flashes of his guns and controls the fire
of his own. But his perch is most danger
Gus. Shrapnel and shell search constantly
for his range and elevation, which have to
be altered at frequent intervals They
rarely find their mark, but the balloon
sometimes has to be removed to a dis.
tance.
The whole landscape is spread out be-
fore the balloonist as one gigantic battle
field. but not living soul is to be seen
Man is hiding from man. crouching in
holes in the ground. all animated with only
one thought-to kill.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
SACRED CITY of Guatemala
to Be Perpetuated in CASTS

TEMPLE COURT. the religious center
of the sacred city of Quirigua. in
Guatemala, will be perpetuated at
Smithsonian institution in plaster casts.
Neil NJ. Judd is in charge of work to re-
produce in exact replica the huge stone
monuments that make up the world-fa-
nous ruins.
Furthering his investigations for the
National museum. Judd recently headed
an expedition into the jungles of Guate-
mala to ascertain anthropological posi-
bilities among the Indian tribes. He
found little surviving in the historic
tribes to indicate the strength and mag
niicence of the Quiche empire which
Pedro de Alvardo destroyed in 1928 The
races are now fast disappearing, he re-
ported.
Smithsonian has conducted a number
of interesting expeditions recently. COW
ering researches in fifteen different coun-
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
Daylight SearchIi ghts Are Part Of Coast Defense

commander may have plenty of practice
at constantly changing ranges. To do
this he must be able to get into commu-
nication with the tugs.
With vessels close in shore. it Is easy
to use the wig-wag. But when the tug
is running on a course that takes her
from six thousand to fourteen thousand
yards off shore, the flag cannot be seen
distinctly. II the tug is a large vessel.
she sometimes is equipped with wireless
apparatus, but this is the exception.
The great amount OF electricity power
used to operate the arcs of the large
searchlights precludes the possibility OF
making use of a telegraphic key Of any
sort, SO a shutter is used and the light
is kept burning. This shutter is like an
ordinary window shutter, made up of
number Of small overlapping leaves.
which are opened and closed by lever
connecting them all. With this shutter
the dots and dashes Of the general serv-
ice code are spelled or
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
DEATH Rate
in Wounded IS
Mounting High
as War Goes on
kNODERN inhuman methods of war
N fare are blamed by British surgeons
and government officials for a death

kAODERN inhuman methods of war
N fare are blamed by British surgeons
and government officials for death
rate among wounded soldiers greater
than any previous war.
Premier Asquith called attention in
Parliament to the fact that nearly "a
per cent of the soldiers wounded in
battle die from complicati that follow.
In the Crimean war only % per cent Of
wounds were fatal, in spite of appalling
insanitary conditions. This proportion
was reduced to 20 per cent during the
Boer war. Forty-four years ago in the
Franco-Prussian war Germany lost but
1888 per cent of her wounded.
Trench fighting in the present conflict
results in more injuries from shrapnel
and shells. Rife bullet wounds, prev
alent in previous wars, now are COM
paratively rare. The most terrible fea-
ture, however, is the impossibility to
secure assistance in time. Wounded
soldiers, falling between trenches. must
lie there for hours and sometimes days
before they can be reached and attention
given them. To remedy this truce has
been suggested, operative at certain
hours and permitting the removal of
wounded by the contending enemies.
Hospital conditions in the battle of
Waterloo were equally as good as in the
present war, if a report made by a IA
nous Edinburgh surgeon is to be con-
sidered in a comparison.
mo contagious fevers existed in any of
the hospitals of Brussels or Antwerp" he
wrote. The great attention given to
cleanliness and to ventilation must un-
doubtedly have had powerful influence in
preventing the occurrence of contagious
diseases
Wounds produced by canister and
grape shot in the battle of Waterloo
were accompanied by terrible results
But hospital conditions of 100 years ago
limited though they were, adequately
handled the cases and avoided over
crowding.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
Your GARBAGE Plays an important Part
in CYCLE
of FOOD

~ the simple process OF conserVatlOns
n the garbage from your kitchen to-
day stands in a fair way to grow
a part of your meal tomorrow. Its in
gradients are highly nutritive as ferti-
rendering. are found even more valuable
for soaps and lubricants
In its cycle of existence. your food
stuff originates on the farm. the garbage
you reject turns a neat profit for the
rendering plant and is sold back to the
farmer to enrich his soil and help him
grow new grain, vegetables and fruit.
Government estimates show that nearly
cents pound was obtained in Co
lumbus, O., in 1913 for garbage greases
sold to manufacturers of soap.
Garbage reduction plants reap an aver
age profit of 50 cents a ton; the cost
of reduction is s241 a ton and gross
receipts $3.50 a ton. Incinerating plants
consider garbage worth % cents a
ton for the power generated while it
burns, additional to the profit from its
later sale.
According to government investigation
fertilizer must contain plant foods
potash, phosphoric acid, nitrogen and
are ammonium sulphate, a product re-
coverable from coal when it is distilled
to prepare Illuminating gas, constituting
the greatest source of nitrogen for fer
tilizer; cottonseed meal, the greatest Of
organic carriers; blood and other waste
materials from slaughterhouses; abun-
dant fish not regarded as fit for food,
from which is prepared fish scrap; gar
bage tankage. as the lower grade of
organic carriers.
Thus a city contributes its waste to
further its life by turning into fertilizer
ashes. rubbish. sewage, street sweepings.
dead animals and garbage. Sewage
sludge moistens the soil and bears an
essence of nitrogen. Street sweepings
are mostly used for filling, a use to
which they are adapted since they con-
tain large quantities of mineral matter
and carry sufficient organic matter to
insure rapid growth of vegetation over
fills. The bureau of chemistry once fig
ured that 169 tons of sweepings were
obtained annually for every 1000 inhab-
itants of a city, bringing a total Of g.
100000 tons annually for 1919 cities
with populations over 10000. Since the
advent of the automobile, however, the
value of street sweepings for fertilizer
has been lessened because of the oil
dropped, deleterious for agricultural
purposes.
Dead animals have such value for the
manufacture of fertilizer that any other
method OF disposing of them is con-
demned by the government The fer
tilizers obtained from them are equal,
if not superior. to those obtained from
high grade slaughterhouse tankage. Vari-
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12

ought to put golf within the reach of
everyone. Neither rain nor bhstering
sun interferes. The machine occupies
little space. makes less noise and is alb
solutely reliable-far more so than a
caddy. You can't lose the ball.
A golf ball is fastened to the end OF
a lever which in turn is attached to
disk dial The strength with which you
hit the ball is registered, also the ap-
proximate distance the ball would travel.
But that is not all Another register
shows whether the ball would go high
or low, clear a bunker or fall into
stream.
The indoor golf machine is ideal in
many WAYS. And it never wanders far
from the clubhouse.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
UNLIMITED Supply of Fast
DYES FOUND in MEXICO, but
u s. Has ALWAYS IGNORED II

a uniform color on mahogany for furn1-
ture and interior decoration Of churches
and public buildings. AS in most other
lines, Germany has brought her trade in
dyewoods up to a remarkably high stand
ard. Her consular agents in this section
of Mexico are we'll paid and have suf-
commerce and good transportation facili-
ties. The war, however, makes it in
creasingly difficult to carry on this COM
merce and opens the way for Americas
benefit.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
Get MORE LIGHT
by Cleaning Lamps

THE careless housewife. who fails to
clean the dust from electric lamps
and shades, cheats herself of money
and light. Dust absorbs light. II lamps
are not kept clean they do not give as
much light as you are paying for and
such light, absorbed by tiny particles OF
dust, is absolutely lost.
BY wiping off the lamps and shades
with a clean, damp cloth at frequent in
tervals a maximum of lighting efficiency
results Refiectors should be cleaned
with soap and water
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
Births in War Time

IT is a popular belief that more boys
than girls are born in time of war.
According to a we'll known London
doctor. however. there is little ground
for such an idea. He declares he worked
in a district where the strain of war was
felt very much because it provided a
large proportion Of its population to Brit
ish fighting forces. He found in six
months Of cases he attended IS per cent
Of the births were girls and As per cent
boyA
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12

Gus methods of disposing Of city's dead
animals are in vogue at present, such as
burying. cremating and rendering.
Rendering is commended since it is
the only method by which revenue is
deriyable. Cremation has a value only
when an animal has died of some COM
municable disease. Dead animal tankage
is prepared by rendering; the carcasses.
in the case of large animals, are skinned
for the preservation Of the hides, cut up
and cooked in steam at high tempera-
lures Products thus obtained are hides,
bones. grease and tankage. 1t is stated
that these products, as recovered from a
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12

The largest steam hammer in the world
is in the gun factory at Woolwich arsenal
1t is capable of striking a blow of nearly
1000 tons, yet it is so carefully adjusted
and accurately timed that it is possible to
place a nut underneath the huge hammer
and to crack the shell without injuring
the kernel.
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12

Germany is organizing in various CEN
trail countries sales of objects stolen in
France and Belgium, and advertisements
are appearing in Danish, Swiss. Norwe-
gian, and other newspapers announcing
the sale of valuable works of art, pic
lures, and even clothing
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12
GOLF Machine
BOON to Many

~OLF on your front porch, down in
= the cellar or up in the attic is now
perfectly feasible. One or a hun
dred can play. And you don't need
great variety of sticks.
A machine has been invented which
The Washington herald., 1915-09-12

horse OF average size and condition, have
a total value of about SO.
Garbage. however, offers the greatest
single waste factor with which a city has
to deal Rendering for the preparation
of grease and fertilizer consists essential
ly in cooking in steam, pressing to re-
move water and grease drying. extracting,
washing with gasoline and grinding.
Statistics of 1909 show that approximate
ly 100000 tons of garbage were col
lected in cities having population of
more than 80, 900 and, rendered. yielded
400 900 tons of dry tankage. of value
of S2,5O0,000.
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1915-11-25

BON einem Rrie9 bis 3ur Yerni6tunq
gegen 0eutI9lanb fpre9en. in oieien
86rperf6aften ober neben ibnen Sriez
benspiinI9e ii6 bemert6ar MAIDEN,
IGBt ii9 BON bier aus ni9t beurteilen,
9oB 0eutidlanO feline Griebensuners
bietunaen na9 petersburg bat erges
BEN loIIen, p.oer birett nod inoirett,
lit obne ipeiteres begreifli9, beIonoers
aus Dem @runOe, neil cine 3eit, in
Der unIere Seere felt Wo9en in einem
iiegrei6en, tonIequenten 8ormarI4
begrifFen iinb, oeFen lebtes 3iel nod
ni9t errei9t 1T. 10 un9eei9net pie nur
m1gli9 pGrs, Srieoeu anSubieten.
gs piro pobl mebr nit RiidI6t
auf bas gtusldnb ols nuf bas Snlono
aeI6eben Iein, bab Die vgorboeuti6e
9lagemeine 3eitHs" bieie BON Peterss
burg iiber 2onoon srfolgte glusitreus
ung als @rfinbuns beSei9net uno bin
Sufiigt, Ole 3eit fir SriebenspOri4ldge
OeutI6erIeits nerbe setommen fein,
penn ii6 bic feinbliden Regierungen
6ereit aeigten, bas Sdeitern ibres tries
geriI9en llnternebmsns eegsn uns ans
suertennen, nit anberen @orten alio:
Wenn Der 5einb onertennt, oob er be-
feat Iei, oann tann er bon uns erfahz
rem, fpel9e @orI9ldee fir ben 5rieoen
mir MAIDEN, unb, mas Die halbamtlt6e
grflGruna binsufiigt, oab ole oeutI6e
Reaierllng perniinftige SrieOensanses
bote, men iie ibr einmal unterbreitet
fperben ioIIten, setpiB ni9t a limtnt
suriidtpeifen iperbe, bas 1T felbitpers
itGnblid. 9enn mir fiibreu ben &rieg
ia ni6t nm bes 8rieses nillen. Sein
lebtes 3iel 1T immer Der Srieoe.
gu oieIer GrtlGrung pabt au4, ipas
Der Rei9stnnSler einem ameritdnii4en
SpurnaliIt.n 9eantiportet bat, odb
1dmlib SeutT6lanb an Die Sisss In
polen por alien Die Soffnuns tniipft
6ab iie Die geenbisune bes &rieges be-
f6leunigen piirben, ndmIid ben Wios
ment beIbleunigen, mo RuBlanb etns
iiebt, baB es militGrif6 iibertpunoen
TIT, uno no Die 8erhiinoeten RuBlunos
Ti9 peroen iiberlssen miiH.n, oh es
fir Iie einen perniinftissn 3ped bot,
obne bic militGriIde Stlfe oieies 9r6b'
ten 8unbssasnOii.n. auf ben iis ee'
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1915-11-25
TrieOensli9ell.
Rublanb iu4t bieielben 30 ber.
breiten.
9oH nod II bic Ssit, dbsr SrisOsn Iu res
ben, nidlt eefommen.

Ser portreffli1 unterridtste 8erlis
ner &orreipunoent Der n5rantfurter
3eituns" idrieb am IL. gluguit: Don
2onbon aus 1T neuerOinss, pte bic
rHOrbOeutf9e 9tGlsemeine 3eitung"
feTtTelIt, bic nit alIsrbanb ginsslbeis
ten dus9eItottete Ru9ri9t Derbreitet
iporoen, Die osutT9e Regierung babe
in Der lebten 8o9e our9 8ermittez
lung oes &Dniss BON 9Gnemsrt Gries
oensporf9lGge gemadt, Die BON Der
ruIiiiden Gegierung Suriidgepteien
tpOrOen feien.
Gs lit ni9t etipa Oas erite Nal,
bab fdlI6e No9ri6ten oieIer @rt bonn
feinblihen 9tuslan6e ber perbreitet
ipurOen, ibr llrfsrungsort TIT, tpie ii9
na9peiIen lGbt, petersburg. Die
n8OiiIde 3situne" ftelt aufdIlig ees
rabe in sinem 8sriht aus peterss
burg bonn II. 9tuguit feit, baB na6
ieoer erDberen militGriIden S9luppe
angebli6 totIidere 9srii6te iiber
beutIbe Separntfrieoenstpiinihe unO
ibre 2fblsbnuns our9 bas iiesesbes
tpubte Rublunb in petersburg perbreis
tet tperoen.
Der 3ped Oes ManObers TIT lei6t
5u ertennen. Dem iiblen Ginbrud,
ben Die NisOerlasen bes ruIiii9en Seez
res in Der SauptItabt fdliebli9 bod
berbOrrufen, IOll bur9 bic 8ebuuptun9
besesnet perOen, oaB Deutf4lanO nm
Srieoen bite unb 6uB RuBldno nod
itart eenus fei, ibn abSulebnen. Inns
1T Der 3rped bieier glusitreuungen
perTtGnblitb; biellet9t Derbirst iih aud
nod onoeres binter ibnen na9 Der
gasgeI. oaB oft Der @unIa Der @ater
bes @eoantens lit. g1is tpeit in Dem
9tussnblid, mo Die OffiSielle Rssies
runs unb Die 0uma nod Dffentli4
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1915-11-25
BGRte fit 0errnt.
SSte Die Sriten aus ber SiHriHtaHg
Goitb GanellS 3apital fdilnaen.

2lls DOr tursem @oitb Gapeu, cine
@ngldnberin, bic in 8elgien einem
9ofpital poriton6, bon ben SeutI6en
oes Werrats i6uloig befunben uno
btngeri4tet ipurOe. erboben Die britt
i4en unO ultrasbritiI9en ameritanis
i3en glGtter Elm 3etergeI6rei iiber bic
8arborei Der 0eutIt1en, Ole Ioaar Die
5arten 6rauen nidt berT9onten. Die
9laiirten:preHe itslte iitb an, ols ob
bic Oeuti9en bic ein5i9e Ration feien,
bic iemaIs eine Sruu tpesen Espionage
poer 8errats bingeri9tet bat.
Die @n9lGnber, Die, ipie Ii6 i'm 8u>
rentriege Seigte, 6ur9aus feline gtiidz
ii6t auf oas peibIi9s @efdle6t nebz
men, baben felt Qusbru8 oes &rieses
mebrere 5rGuen tpesen espionage bins
geri9tet. @u6 in Srantrei6 iinb
mebrere Srauen tpegen Spionaae binz
9sridtet tporoen un0 es TT Togar frogs
lid Oh 6eren S9ulb pirtlith ertpieTsn
mar. Die bieIe Srouen In RuBlanb
bingeri9tet, ober, mas nod f6limmer
unO unmeni9Iidsr lit, na9 Sibirien
Deridleppt tpurosn, sntaiebt ii9 Der