davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1915-05-22
THE HAPPIEST.

happiness there are Tar more re-
s;ons unknown than there are in mis-
fortune. The voice Of misfortune Is
ever the same; happiness becomes
more silent ss it penetrates deeper.
Heishappiest who best understands
hi happiness for he is Of all men
most fully aware that it is only the
lofty idea. the untirine. courageous
human idea. that separates eladness
from Sorrow aeterlinck.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1915-05-22
His CIinchsr.

At town meeting large taxpayer
rose up to protest against building a
new schoolhouse in a certain part of
the town. whats the good Of itf
They are an ignorant set down there
anyway."-Argonaut.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1915-12-09

has been systematically introduced
The material gained by this first-hand
investigation of scientific management
in ACTUAL OPERATION is of the ut.
most value, not only to those who
are directly concerned as employers
or employees, but to all students of
social science. particularly Socialists.
For the first time, the facts have been
gathered, compiled and analvzed
which describe scientific MANAGEMENT
as It actually is.
PROFESSOR Hoxie's new book, "Scien-
tli1c Management and Labor" is in
valuable to the Socialist because it
ably analyses the latest DEVELOPMENT
OF Capitalism on its industrial side
Here we learn what the most adyanc-
ed captains of industry are doing in
the way of utilizing and organizing
their tools, equipment and materials :,
we see how they are taking posses
sion OF the craft knowledge which
foremrly belonged to the skilled work
er and are using it in a way that
enables the employer to command the
labor situation; we see how time
study and task setting, rate making
and modes Of payment, methods Of
employment, discipline and discharge
are being worked out In up-todate
factories.
The employer, of course, is con-
sidering all these phases of scientific
from the standpoint of
their effect upon his profits The So
cialist, however, win be more inter
ested in the effect that scientific man.
engagement is lfkely to have on the
present wellbeing and future prog
ress of the working class.
Ever since Marx and EngeIs laid
Ihe foundations d modern scAsntiacI
sFAY aIlllsf glIl|l,
e - - z - = - ~ 2
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1915-12-09
the introduction of labor saw

prevent the introduction OF labor saw
ing machinery.
In the opinion of the writer, scien-
tific management will be introduced
to greater and\ greater, extent
throughout our industrial system. At
first, many of the workers may be
deceived into thinking that their in
,erests will be amply protected with
out organizations Of their own. In
the course of time, however, they will
come to realize that scientific man
agement is simply another method OF
increasing the profits for the capital
lists without correspondingly improv-
ing the conditions Of labor. Discon-
tent with such system is bound to
spread. The discomfort may mani
fest itself in industrial unionism or
through working-class political &C
ton. Undoubtedly, the workers OF
America will resort more to political
action in the future than they have
in the past in order to protect their
economic interests. In the course OF
time, they will probably recognize
that the only way they can wholly
protect themselves against the evil
: effects of scientific management is by
getting control of the industries
where scientific management has been
introduced. At first the introduction
of scientific management will tend 0
strengthen the power of the employ
ing class, butt the ultimate effect will
probably be just the reverse. The
solidarity of the entire working class
will probably be promoted and the
movement toward industrial demo-
cracy will unquestionably be stimu-
lated. H.
| \ Professor Hoxie does not PROFOUND
any new theories in his book, but he
does furnish us with a mass of infor-
!, nation with which every up-to-date
Socialist should be familiar. Mex
and Engels describe capitansm as it
was in the middle of the 18th cen
fury. Hoxie is describing capitalism
as it is working out in the 10th cen
fury. The goth century Socialist must
understand goth century capitalism.
Particularly must he understand how,
as described in this book, the latest
phase of capitalism is transferring
Ownership Of the last factor in the
means of production to the employer
the craft knowledge Of the worker,
and how they are using this new &C
QUESTION to degrade the skilled work
ers to the level Of the unskilled and
to reduce all to a infinitely specialized
| and little differentiated mass.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1915-12-09
Scientific Management
And Labor

A REVIEW BY JOHN G. KENNEDY
alderman, City of Chicago, State Sec
retary-Treasurer, Socialist Party of
llfinois.)
In making it's study of industrial
and labor conditions, the United
States Commission on Industrial Re-
lations discovered that unusual condi-
tons prevail in those shops and in
dustTies where so-called scientific
management" has been introduced. In
order that the conditions and labor
problems arising under scientific man
agement might be thoroughly under
stood, the Commission employed Pro-
lessor Robert F. Hoxie to conduct a
special investigation in this field.
Professor Hoxie was assisted by
Robert G. Valentine, Industrial Coun-
selor, Of Boston, to represent employ
ing management, and Mr.. John P.
Frey, of Cincinnati, editor OF. the In
ternational Molders' Journal, to rep
resent the interests Of labor.
The investigation conducted by
Professor Hoxie and his associates
covered scientific management in both
its theoretical and practical aspects
A careful study was made Of all i'm
poutant works on scientific manage
ment especially those of Frederick
W. Taylor. h. L. CAN'T, and Harring-
ton Emerson. who are the recognized
leaders Of the movement. Visits were
made to about thirty Of the principal
Hheps aaa concerns o the United
FlNl llllatls R'saI,Rl
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1915-12-09
LABEL TALKS

When buying custom made clothing
see that this label is sewed in the
pocket:
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1915-12-09

1sn q merchant 100 saw his g.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1915-12-09
. UNION ROSTER

Is your organization listed in
this Directory? II not, see why
not. The cost is but ten cents
visiting members where you
meet and be of great help in
transacting all your business.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1915-12-09

See that the merchant from whom
.~v Inv "a q Majority aAvs-+IaAr
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1915-12-09

- tnes ~ mssshaat nm phon
~ - xalg llsll''a
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
A Unioue Ii,hA,hjn

on the island Of Islay. on the west
coast Of Scotland. there is stationed at
the Otter rock a unique lightship. II
Is unnamed. yet II can be relied on
to display the warning light 10 guide
the mariner on this dangerous coast
1t Is a most ingeniously constructed
vessel and the only one Of its kind.
In its two steel tanks a sufficient duan-
dty Of gas can be stored TO supply the
lantern for several months Expert
ments have shown that the light may
be depended upon to burn continuously
for months at a time. The approx
mate duration Of the light can be pre-
determined. and there is no danger
whatever OF its being extinguished by
wind or spray. The light Is visible at
a distance Of from eight to twelve
miles. The lightship also has a bell,
which Is made to ring automatically
by means Of an ingenious device that
utilities the gas as it passes from the
tanks to the lantern to work the bell
clapper.-Every Week.
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
Houses n sp.nn. Ai...

No building In Buenos Aires "a peF.
mitted to be higher than the width of
The street upon which IL q erected /:
hence the skyscraper win never become
popular there. despite the splendid
growth and wideawakeness Of the civ.
Much as this metropolis Is known. Il
Is not generally thought OF in the Hight
OF age. However, It Is one Of the old.
est cities In the new world The first
white settlement was made Just forty
TWO years after the discovery of Amer
lea by Columbus, and the first build
ngs were mud huts matched with
straw. Then a brick kiln was made
and later tiles and bricks were import
ed from Spain The first city was of
Spanish architecture, and that style
prevailed for more than 200 years. De
spite the many great changes which
nave come through the passage Of time
and the general building advance IN
the world. fOur-fifths Of the houses of
Buenos Aires are still Of one story. al
though there are streets lined with six
story palaces--Exchange.
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
Wonder Of stonahenas.

Everyone has heard Of Stonehenge,
a prehistoric monument In England
which Is almost as much Of a puzzle
as the sphinx In Egypt or the mounds
erected by the mound builders In Amer
lea. Stonehenge Is about ten miles
north OF Salisbury. The name comes
from two Saxon words meaning hang
ing stones"
The earlier Celtic name was Cor
Gawr, or giants temple There are in
many localities In the northwest OF
Europe prehistoric remains In the form
Of huge stone monuments or ''tumuf
or ''barrows"-that is, bowl shaped
mounds or hills OF earth In the neigh
borhood Of Stonehenge there are hun
dreds Of these mounds. Coins, etc,
found In them seem to date them back
about three centuries before Christ
It must have taken an immense
amount Of work TO make them, and
there must have been some profound
and serious purpose behind them
Pathfinder.
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
WsIIinoton's Wounded.

II b din1cult TO realize the callOus-
ness toward the sick and wounded
against which Wellington struggled IN
the peninsula One evening at dinner
be heard that at q post several miles
away q large number Of sick soldiers
were lying In the open. exposed to the
weather. He rode promptly to the
place. found the sick IN the plight de-
scribed. while the healthy o63cers were
In comfortable houses, and was told
By the commanding of1cer that there
was no accommodation for the Eick-
he instantly arranged In detail for the
bilIeting Of the sick IN those houses,
but, suspecting what might follow,
paid q surprise visit the next night
and found that the inValids bad again
been TUNED out into the open Well
Ington Immediately reinstated them,
arrested the officers and had them
tried and dismissed for disobedieneA
The broad ax., 1915-07-03


One Of the most interesting verbal
or pathological trails that scholars now
are following into the past for light on
origins h that which has the word
editor" stamped upon IL Yale's au-
thority on evolution Of English speech.
Professor Lounsbury. could ind no ear
Ter use OF the term as applied to the
chief writer and director Of a period
lea than In l76S, but there Is evidence
In the superb collection Of British and
american newspapers owned by the
Antiquarian society, Worcester. Mass.
that It was so used in 1861. The al
legged use OF the title In the Boston
Newsletter Of IT'S proves. on exami-
nation Of the file In the Boston public
library, to be inaccurate. Undoubtedly
Isaiah Thomas, In 1TT3. spoke OF him
self as editor Of the Royal American
Magazine. The interesting point TO be
noted, while the hunters are busy on
the trail, Is that relatively speaking.
editor Is a new word in journalism
Printer" and publisher" preceded It
Christian Science Monitor.
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
Naturvis I4andiSSoFI,.

ne down upon the peach or plum 4
40 delicate and % thickly set that one
cannot touch the fruit with a needles
noint without breaking the tender
stalk. and yet the dew Of the night
covers the whole surface Of the fruit
and disappears In the morning, Ieav-
ing the gossamer growth more orderly
and beautiful than before. The dew
covers every leaf Of the giant oak. and
the mighty tree drinks in the refresh
ing moisture to its thirsty heart
through millions Of pores, and the iron
trunk that has withstOod a thousand
storms is made stronger by the gentle
strength Of the dew. The silent fan of
the dew is caused and controlled BY
agencies Of the most tremendous DOW
er. The same power which shakes a
whole continent with its ~subterranean
thunder is the same as that which en-
circles the finest flament Of thistle
down with a coronet OF dewy gems so
small that they do not bend the DELI
cate stalks with their weight-London
Globe.
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
Way Of the 6lusjay.

The bluejay-Cyanocitta cristan-a
purely an American bird He Is about
twelve inches long. Is light purplish
blue above and grazing below. The
collar and frontlet are black and the
wings and tail ultramarine. barred.
the outer tail feathers being tipped
with white. What a graceful. beauti-
full bird this Is. impertinent and noisy,
bis raucous scream followed by a Choir
tie that sounds much Ike q hooking
-Ha, ha. ha, oh. my" he Il accused
Of robbing the farmers corn crib. Of
sucking the eggs OF other birds and
even OF tearing to pieces their young.
The sportsman as he goes through the
woods. gun IN hand. thoroughly hates
the Jay. which Is a kind OF game war-
den. sounding an alarm to the other
birds as their enemy approaches Nat
uralists have placed him In the crow
family despite his beautiful plumAge.
but his manners and his morals are
more Ike those OF the sparrow hawk
Indianapolis News.
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
An Unimposina Genius.

Those who imagine there is some
necessary connection between literary
genius and inches viii have TO explain
away the case OF Alexander Pope.
Pope was exactly four feet six inches
high. He was humpbacked and de-
formed According to one OF Lord Ok
fords servants. he was so weak as
TO stand IN perpetual need of female
attendance; extremely sensible OF cold.
so that he wore a kind OF fur doub-
let under a SKIRT Of very coarse. warm
linen, with fine sleeves. When he rose
he was invested In a bodice made OF
sim canvas, being hardly able TO stand
erect TIL It was laced, and he then put
on a flannel waistcoat One side was
contracted bis legs were so slender
that he enlarged their bulk with three
pairs Of stockings, which were drawn
on and on by the maid, for he was
not able TO dress or undress himself"
London Chronicle
The broad ax., 1915-07-03

Little Is really known about his
whaleship. This Is surprising. eonsid-
ering be Is such an Interesting subject
The blue or sulphur bottom whale =
the largest animal living today. Spec
linens have measured eighty-seven feet
In length. which in all probability
weighed about seventy-five tens. Odd
" enough. although the mouth VIII
permit twelve men to stand in It the
threat Is only nine inches In diameter.
These particular whales feed on MI
mute shrimpS-about three-quarters OF
an inch I'm length-and they probably
never touch fish while they can obtain
these From the inside OF one OF these
whales FIVE barrels OF shrimps were
taken. The sperm whale possesses
spermaceti I'm liquid form In the up
per portion Of its head From one OF
these whales twenty barrels OF sper-
maceti were taken out OF the ease"
This same type OF whale also yields
ambergris. that valuable substance
used so extensively in the manufae-
ture Of our best perfumes.
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
Bullet stonnina Tricks.

Five feet Of clay, three feet OF loose
earth. or two and a half feet OF sand
will stop a modern rife bullet at the
closest range; but curiously enough. as
the layman may think, ramminG earth
hard reduces its resisting power. and
high velocity bullets have less pene-
tration In sand at short than 1t me-
dunn range. Eighteen inches Of sand
between boards Is bullet proof. also
nine inches Of well built brick work
Soft wood. like Or. across the grain Il
bullet proof at point blank range II
forty-eight inches thick. or At 60c yards
II half as thick. Similarly. twenty
seven inches Of hard wood. like oak,
Is point blank proof. or fifteen inches
at 500 yards. Half an inch Of wrought
iron or mild steel. a quarter OF an inch
OF hard steel. or a fifth of an inch Of
special steel Is bullet proof. So are
six inches OF shingle. fifteen inches Of
coal, or. as some people may be sur
prised to know. eight feet OF snow
London Express.
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
nhieve1 In Chile.

Ths Chilean masses have . bad
name for larceny. In Chilean ports
ship passengers are warned to lock
their cabin doors, and loaded lighters
have 70 be guarded at night Chilean
stokers VIII saw through the buIkhead
into the vessels hold. steal goods and
hide them in the coal bunkers TN the
night after they arrive In port. when
they find opportunity TO lower them
oversize to q confederate In a boat IN
der cover OF darkness Harbor thieves
WIN even cut a hole IN the bow OF q
vessel and make on with boatloads Of
freight The Germans OF southern
Chile have the worst opinion Of Chilean
honesty. and In Santiago was biddO
notice the high walls and grated win
dows Of the houses OF the better class.
Professor Edward AlSworth Ross fn
South Of Panama"
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
I.psn First With Japansss.

Every japanese is a japanese first.
whatever else he may be second In
this unified patriotism they are incom-
parable. II extends even to the minor
affairs Of life. There Is no japanese,
OF high or low degree. who will admit
any fault OF his country to foreigner,
however strict his censure may be
when talking to his friends. II there
are faults the japanese conceal them
They never volunteer any information
as to drawbacks, and they always have
an excuse for failures. No condition
can arise in Japan whereby a foreigner
can learn from a japanese Of anything
to the detriment Of the country. The
statesmen will not tell you anything.
The coolies will not tell you anything.
They are units OF concealment They
put the good face on everything. It Is
japan first with them. Japan first al
ways, and always a super-Japan.-Sam-
uel G. Blythe In Saturday Evening
Post
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
The parkns., Before Dawn.

II Is proverbial that the darkest
hour precedes the dawn" W. F. Den
ming. the English authority on me-
teors, has recently called attention to
the literal accuracy OF this proverb. as
established by his own observations
on thousands OF nights he says:
Before dawn a greater darkness
seems to drop down like a mantle upon
the immediate surroundings. Objects
which were plainly observable during
the previous hours Of the night are
blotted out, and q nervous feeling Is
sometimes induced by the dense opac-
fly OF the air"
he claims to have noticed this
phenomenon when the subject was far
from his thoughts, so that It could not
have been purely subjective he Is
unable to state the exact interval be
fore sunrise when the remarkable dark
ness comes on nor whether II Is com
mon 70 each season and sky conditions.
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
How sOok,xorm, Ara Tracked.

To guard the million books In the
New York public library against the
ravages OF bookworms and other in
sects which feed upon the paper, the
glue on the backs and the cloth and
leather bindings, a constant care Is
exercised, and a keen watch kept for
any evidence OF their activities. One
woman is assigned exclusively to this
work. When treating the books she
wears a huge apron which completely
covers her gown a cheesecloth veil
protects her face against the germs
which Turk in the musty documents.
and even the air she breathes Is screen
ed against contagiOn- Close touch Is
kept with the health department and
books which have been returned from
infected areas are fumigated before
being restored to circulatiOn.-EI-
change
The broad ax., 1915-07-03

Many persons are under the impress
sion that America has few, II any, ma
live plants worthy OF cultivation In the
home garden They have been accus-
toned to look upon them as weeds and
Wild things. and so unfamiliar are they
with native flowers that they fail to
recognize them when they meet them
outside their native hAunts- A writer
tells how he transplanted q stalk Of
goldenrod from a fence corner In the
pasture to q place IN his garden II
nourished luxuriantty and sent up
many stalks as high as a mans head,
each crowned with q great plume Of
brilliant flowers. A neighbor was at
tracted by the beauty Of the plant and
declared # must have cost its owner
some dollars When told. however,
that numbers Of the same plant were
nourishing behind bis barn be exclaim-
ed: what! You mean to tell me its
yaIlerweedY' And be went away with
the air OF one who had been imposed
upon--Country Gentleman
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
Port ArthuTs Downfall.

One Of the most dramatic surrenders
In military history was that Of Port
Arthur during the Russo-Japanese war.
For FIVE months the Russians, under
General Stoessel, defended the city into
which they had been forced by the
fierce onslaughts Of the japanese. 1t
was expected that the cars troops,
5000 strong and well provisioned.
would safely hold Port Arthur until
relief came. After twenty weeks of
siege, however, Stoessel raised the
white flag and the japanese marched
into the city. General Stoessel was
tried for treason In connection with the
surrender, and he was sentenced TO
death, for it was stated that the Rus
SLAMS had sufficient food and ammuni-
ton in Port Arthur to have continued
their defense for some time. The car
committed the sentence on Stoessel to
one Of ten years Imprisonment. but
the disgrace broke his health and he
died, paralyzed and dumb
The broad ax., 1915-07-03
nha sIaN RaeA

History has contributed 70 go
arats the two masses Of slavs. Ths
Aongol yoke for two centuries intro
duced AGiatic customs among the Rus
sian slayA Ths Turkish yoke rur
many centuries and down 20 our own
tines tnnusoced the character and eus-
toms Of the BulgAn and Serbs On
the other hand, the Latin Sla-s fol-
lowed the historical evolutions Of the
occident-they were with Godfrey De
BouiIlon at the crusades. they were
touched with the fame Of the renais-
sance. they have had their part In the
development Of modem thought-Lit'
erary Digest
The broad ax., 1915-07-03

As showing something OF Rublndra-
nath Tagore's fame In his native India,
Ernest Rhys tells the following story
In his biography Of Tagore:
-Mr. Montague. the undersecretary
Of state for India. was on one occasion
riding through an Indian forest at
night when be came upon a clearing
where two or three men sat around the
fire. Not being certain Of the road"
says Mr.. Rhys, he was glad to dis
mount and rest his tired horse. Shortly
after be had Joined the group a poor
looking. III clothed lad came out Of the
forest and sat down also at the fire.
First che OF the men sang a song and
then another. The boys turn came.
and he sang a song more beautiful both
in cords and music than the rest
When asked who had made the song
be said that he did not know, they
were singing these songs everywhere
Awhile after Mr.. Montague heard the
words that he had used again. this
time In a very different place. and
when he asked for the name Of the
maker OF the song he heard for the
FIRST time the name Of Rabindranath
Tagore-"
The broad ax., 1915-07-03


Probably the most remarkable build
lng constructed wholly OF ice was the
palace built on the Neva by the Czarl-
"a Anne OF Russia Large blocks Of
Ice were cut and squared with great
care and laid on one another by skill
rui masons. who cemented the joints
with water. which Immediately froza.
The building, when completed. was
dfty-six feet long. seventeen and one
half feet broad and twenty-one feet
high. II was OF but one story. The
facade contained a door surInounted by
an ornamental pediment and six win
dows. the frames and panes OF which
were all OF ice. An elaborate balus-
trade, adorned with statues, ran along
the top Of the facade and another bal
ustrade surrounded the building at the
level OF the ground The grounds were
further adorned with life size figure
OF an elephant. with his mahout on
bis back A stream OF water was
thrown from the elephants trunk by
day and a fame Of naphtha by night
A tent OF Ice contained a hot bath.
In which persons actually bathed- There
were also several cannons and mortars
OF ice, which were loaded with bullets
OF Ice and iron and discharged