The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1915-08-31

system Arc Defnablc and Ihat REG
Universe Is as an Island of Stars In
an Infinite Ocean OF Ether.
TO the visible universe there are at
tahlable limits. 1t may be that thd
greatest telescopes have not yet reach.
ed the bottom. or the boundaries, %
the entire system, but they have al
most done SO.
This is shown by the thinning out OF
the fainter stars. These stars, as q
whole, are the most distant. and If they
were unlimited numerically every in
crease in the penetrating power Of
telescopes would bring previously un-
seen ones into view. in proportionately
undiminishcd numbers.
AS Il fact. however. there is Il rapid
falling off in the proportionatc num-
bers ut great distances. This is shown
by Kapteyn's law of star density"
Taking the "parsee" as the unit of
measurement "a parsec Is equal to
nineteen million million niles. the
density OF the stars Mt increasing dis
tances comes out as follows: At o dis
lance. 100: at so parsecs. 099; ut 1875
parsecs. O.SG; at 213 parsecs. 0.GT: at
$40 parsecs. 0.3o; at $50 parseis, 0.l5.
This does not mean that the absolute
number OF stars decreases With increase
of distance. but that the ratio of their
number to the volume of space occu-
pied decreases In the proportion shown,
SO that at a distance of $50 parsecs
there are only 10 per cent as many
stars as there should be If there had
been no falling off in relative density.
Various counts and estimates of the
actual numbers included within various
limiting distances have been made, and
these show that the total number OF
stars in the visible universe IS numer-
able and probably does not exceed Il
thousand millions at an outside esti-
mate.
The fact that n fairly definite shape
or outline has been found for the visi-
be universe is in itself proof that
1t is not unlimited in extent. We are
virtually certain that it expands around
us In such manner as to assume
roughly the form of fiat. lrregular
disk. the more distant parts or edges
OF which lie in the plane of the MILKY
way. 1t is thus Ikea floating island of
stars in the ocean of space
Space itself may lie infinite, although
what we call the universe is not. As
to other uniyerscs existing beyond the
limits of ours and Invisible to us, that
is purely n speculation. which appears
more or less probable according to the
manner in which ones mind approach
es It.
But. Mt any rate. there Is no positive
evidence of the existence of such outer
star systems. From time to time one
hears suggestions that this or that neh
ula is an outside universe dinhy
shining 10 us from its millions OF
crowded stars across immeasurnble
tracts OF Intervening space But il Is
far more probable that no nebuia or
other object visible in the mightiest
telescope is unconnected with the uni
verse to which our sun and our earth
belong.
As TO the continuance of the Crea-
tors work in forming new suns and
new planets. of that there can be no
question. This work is, in truth, visi
bly, going on before US in the heavens.
There is the utmost variety of ages
among the stars. just as there is
among the human beings in crowd.
Ii our lives were heightened so that a
year would be but as Il second TO us
We should see the stars around us dis
appearing and new ones springing into
existence. as We see flowers fading
and fresh ones blooming in the garden.
To return for Il moment to the ques.
ton of the ininitude of space. it IS
well known that the human mind can
not conceive limit TO space for the
instant You attempt to fix or Imagine
such a limit your imagination flies be-
yond it, You have got to think Of IN
outside as well rs of an inside.
And if you fly to another imagined
boundary instantly another outside ex.
panse stretches away before you. 1t
is, then. perfectly legitimate to sup
pose that. while the visible universe
is limited. the invisible universe has
no bounds. In comparison with that,
all that we see. or can ever see. is.
truly. infinitely less than as a grain
of sand to Il desert or drop of water
TO an ocean.-Garrett +. Serviss In
New York Journal.