davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20
HORSES AND MULES FOR WAR
Many Animals Not Particularly Need.
ed on Farms Have Been Purchased
by European Nations.
(By T. A. TRoWBRIDGE. Missouri Ex-
pertinent Station.l

(By e. A. TROWBRIDGE. Missouri Exc
pertinent Station.l
The European nations now at war
have purchased many Missouri horses
and mules, which are not particularly
needed. or course, they have obtained
some good animals, but many of them
have not been of the best, and most
of the mules bought were full aged.
The older mules were bought because
they could stand the trip across the
Atlantic better than the younger ones.
Some good cavalry horses were OBJ.
tanned.
A few horse dealers have predicted
high market price short time aft.
er the close of the war. They are
of the opinion that most of the horses
now being purchased in this country
will be killed, and that soldiers will
need many animals on returning to
their farms. believe that the mar.
ket will be good, but / do not predict
any exceedingly high prices. This
country will be able to supply any de-
mands. A different situation might
arise, If the war continues for more
than a year.
Between 100000 and 100000 horses
and $4,000 and $4,000 mules were
contracted for in this country, and the
loss of these animals to the United
States only means the taking away of
those produced between January l,
1914, and January l, 1915. With q
similar increase during the present
year, we would be able to supply a
considerable number of horses and
mules.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20
CUTTING HAY AT RIGHT TIME
Task Should 7e Performed In Morning
After Dew ls off-Legumes Lose
Their Leaves Readily.

(By J. E. LARSON. Oregon Experiment
Cut hay In the morning after the
dew Is on and rake into windrows as
soon as the leaves are thoroughly wilt
ed. Legunes (clover, alfalfa, etc.
especially lose their leaves readily
and should be cured In windrow and
cocks and not in swath. Two or
three days in cocks win cure clover
hay enough for the NOV. Be sure
all outside moisture train and devil
are on and little danger will be ex-
perienced in NOW burning, provided
the crop was cut at the proper stage.
You can't AFFORD to lose the leaves By
swath curing. They represent .
large per cent OF the nutritive value
Of the hay.
II grains are cut for hay, cut In
late milk or early dough stage. Allow
to wilt and cure some In windrow.
then put into cocks Of good size. well
built end solid. The same method
viii apply to grasses except that they
are often put in the haymow from the
windrow.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20
FRIEND OR AN ENEMY
Robin Is One Of Best Helpers Of
Farmer and 0rchardist.
Damage Done by Little Feathered
Songsters, II Any, May Be Re-
dueed to MInimum-useful In
Reducing Insect Life.
(By F. l. BEALL)

Few native American birds are more
universally cherished than are the
robins. On esthetic grounds alone
they receive free protection, partly
from the romance that clusters about
them in story and legend and partly
because of their graceful shape and
movement, bright color and pleasing
song, and close association with man
and his works.
Investigation discloses that in addi-
ton to their pleasing qualities robins
perform a very useful function In
reducing the hordes of insect life con.
stantly prying upon the crops of the
farmer. In this work a large part of
their food consists Of insects and they
feed their young upon them almost
exclusively. 1t Is recognized that
birds are one of the necessary checks
provided by nature upon the increase
Of the vast number OF insects pro-
duced each year; that without them
there would be greater destruction
Of vegetation, and that certain crops
Of the farmer regularly matured
would, If raised at all, be raised only
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20

with increased difficulty and added Ia.
Dor.
The robin Is found throughout the
greater portion of the United States,
the range Of the species extending
into Canada and even Alaska
While for the most part migratory
In the northern half of the country,
individuals remain all winter in many
localities where shelter and food are
assured. In eastern Massachusetts,
and at some places farther west there
are cedar swamps which offer an
abundant supply of wild fruit, and
robins remain throughout the winter
In large numbers. Most of the spe-
cies, however. spend the winter from
latitude 40 degrees northward as soon
as snow disappears. They arrive in
New England in the latter part OF
March or early in April, and in the
northern states of the Mississippi val
ley somewhat earlier. 1t is difficult
to say just when fall migration begins.
as the first birds to leave are replaced
by others from farther north.
Reports OF depredations upon fruit
by birds come principally from the
prairie regions Of the West. This rs
just what might be expected, for but
few prairie shrubs produce the wild
berries that the birds prefer and for
lack Of these the birds naturally feed
upon the cultivated varieties availa.
BILE. Reports Of fruit losses caused
by birds in the East are usually from
the immediate vicinity Of villages and
towns where there Is no natural fruit
bearing shrubbery. From this it fol-
lows that an effective remedy for the
rayages OF birds upon cultivated fruits
is to plant the preferred wild varie-
ties. OF the number OF plants which
bear fruit preferred by the robin, many
arc ornamental and are easily OBJ
tanned. The following are a few of
the plants the robins are fond Of:
Blackberries and raspberries, cherries,
wild black cherries. china berries, flow
ering dogwood, blueberries, persim-
mons, Mississippi hackberries, western
hackberries, mulberries. cat brier,
green brier, red cedar. pokeberries,
smooth sumac. pepper berries. Ameri.
can holly. woodbine, black gum, and
others.
Investigation OF the food of 1885
robins from AZ states, d. c.. and three
Canadian provinces. showed that 42.40
per cent Of their food was animal mat
ter. and $3.50 per cent vegetable. OF
the latter more than SO per cent con-
sisted Of fruit. more than four-fifths
Of which were wild species.
While the robin today probably is
doing much more good than harm, q
bird whose diet consists Of so large
q percentage of fruit, may at any time
become a pest where its natural food
fails and cultivated varieties are &C
cessible. The birds must have food
and It Is decidedly preferable to sup
ply the food they desire. and for which
they win amply pay. in the destruction
Of harmful insects. instead Of killing
the birds.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20

The alfalfa weevil, introduced into
this country at a single spot near Salt
Lake City over ten years ago, has
slowly spread throughout the north
ern half of Utah, including three Of
the most productive counties, and
taken foothold In the adjacent parts
of Idaho and Wyoming. 1t destroys
about one-half Of the annual yield, un-
less measures are taken to prevent It..
The weevils, after spending the win
ter In the fields about the roots OF the
plants, deposit large numbers Of pale
yellow eggs in cavities made in the
stems with their beaks. The little
green worms" which hatch from
these during spring and early sum-
mer, cluster upon the fresh shoots Of
alfalfa plants and feed, becoming
most numerous about June /. They
destroy much OF the first crop, injure
the quality Of what remains, and COM
pei early cutting to prevent total loss.
The actual damage to the first crop Is
not far from so per cent Of its value.
Upon the cutting of the first crop the
larvae gather upon the bit of food
which is afforded by the new shoots
and destroy them as fast as they APP
pear. This condition lasts until the
normal harvest time of the second
crop, so that 1t is a total loss. The
damage to the first two crops usually
amounts to about one-half the annual
yield.
A valuable method for preventing
The injury to the second crop consists
10 brush dragging the stubble after
removal of the first cutting This was
devised by the Utah experiment sta
ton in cooperation with farmers. 1t
was improved later, however, in ac-
tual practice by the adoption OF a
weighted spike-tooth harrow with sew
eral layers of woven wire stock fenc-
ing underneath, instead Of the old
fashioned brush drag This treatment
was widely adopted as a means Of
crushing the insects. and also as a
means of exposing them to the rays
Of the sun and to the choking action
Of the dust The bureau Of entomol-
ogy has proved that neither the me-
chanical crushing nor the direct rays
of the sun contribute much to the eff
fectiveness of the dust-mulch treat
ment, and that most of the insects In
all stages die long before they are
smothered by the dust The essential
factor in killing the weevils is the
heat absorbed by the soil from the
suns rays.
To kill the weevil the surface Of
the. field to be treated must be dry,
free from clods, cracks and vegeta-
ton. To get best results, however,
the sky must be clear and the weather
warn. Under these conditions when
the soil reaches the necessary temper
AZURE Of 100 degrees all stages of the
insect are killed in less than two min
utes. The second crop of alfalfa is
then free to grow. The effectiveness
OF this treatment. however, is directly
proportional to the thoroughness with
which the above conditions are COM
piled with. II the soil is not In good
condition It must be cultivated before
dragging. The great objections to
this method Of lighting the weevil is
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20

rocky fields where cultivation is not
| desirable.
Analyses and feeding tests show
that there is not the slightest danger
of poisoning animals which eat the
hay. II the field needs cultivation,
a combination of both spraying and
brush dragging from the standpoint Of
cultivation, however, is lost when fol-
lowed by irrigation.
Pasture With Hogs In Early Spring.
The only method which can be rec
commended at the present time for
protection of the first alfalfa crop is
pasturing with hogs after the eggs Of
the weevil are laid In April or May.
The field to be pasturcd is divided
into two or more equal lots, each pro-
vided with water, shelter and facili-
ties for feeding The hogs should have
rings In their noses II the owner
wishes to preserve his stand Of alfalfa.
The hogs are moved from one inclos-
| W. o W ahObhCA 90 Aubb 10 buOy dlU abAO
to clean up the growth Of alfalfa. A
small grain ration should supplement
the alfalfa for growing and fattening
pigs, but is not to be given the brood
sows. Under these conditions the first
crop of alfalfa is secured with no
labor cost, pork economically pro-
duced, and tho weevil eggs and lar
vac are destroyed before they can do
any harm. Thus the field is left clean
for the growth OF a second crop which
can be cut for hay.
The occurrence Of weevils In farm
products which arc being shipped by
freight and express, stored in ware
houses and sold in markets has been
exhaustively studied with view to
learning how the spread of the insect
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20

into new territory may be prevented.
Fruit, vegetables, alfalfa seed and
nursery stock contain practically no
weevils, with the single exception Of
potatoes which have been in contact
with infested green alfalfa. Alfalfa
hay sometimes contains adults and
some of them may remain alive for
six months In the stack. About the
only other danger of spreading the
weevil is by carrying it in clothing
either on the person or In baggage.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20
CHEAP SLING FOR HAYF0RK
Advantages Of Modern Devices APP
preeiated by Man Who Has Pitched
Hay From Wagon to Now.

The unloading of hay is now a com.
paratively easy task, made so by the
use of machinery. ANY man who has
ever pitched hay from a wagon into
a high NOW will appreciate the sd.
vantages of the hayfork and sling.
In one form of sling which is pretty
generally used throughout the East.
the sling is adjusted upon the hay
rack and the hay loaded on without
any particular care as to placing It.
When the wagon reaches the barn as
many drafts as can be taken on at
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20

good forkfuls are elevated. then with.
out removing the fork 1t is hooked
to the sling attachment by the end
pulleys, and pulled upon the free end
Of the rope win bundle and bind the
balance of the load around the fork.
The trip rope Is unsnapped from the
fork and attached to the swing.
The value OF the sling IL the saw.
ing Of time in shaping the load with
q hand fork for the last draft with the
horse fork and cleaning up all the hay
on the wagon.
These sings cost from 80 to t2.5o
each.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20
Old Country BUILDINGS.

Most farm buildings in the old
country are made OF stone. cement
or brick. with tile roofs. These build.
ings are not only FIRE proof. but will
last hundreds Of years Compared
with these even our best buildings are
but makeshifts. Constantly rebuild.
ing takes altogether too much Of our
money.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20
on Thin Fields.

II sometimes happens that q clover
held win run out, 50 TO speak. or get
thin, and when such is the case q plan
is to SOW more clover seed in early
spring and cut It In thoroughly with a
disk harrow. The thicker the clover
grows the better. for this viii keep
the weeds out and the soil VIII be rich
and mellow.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20
TanoIhle Farm Asset.

A high-class. purebred stallion ID
a real, tangible asset to farm com
munity. Patronize such sires and
make their continued use possible in
your locality. A few dollars saved on
service fees by using an undesirable
sire is mighty poor economy In the
long run.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20

Why throw away a well-seasoned,
1ustready-to-uss fence post. or stake.
Just because one end has rotted on
in the ground2 Reverse Il and the
chances are that II will last Longer
than Il did the frst tina
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20
Saves Colt or calf.

Turning q strong back furrow be-
fore the new fence is made. easily
saves q wire. and besides sometimes
saves colt or calf BY showing where
the fence is
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20
cement MaIl,s Ar. chean.

Narrow cement walks about the
buildings are almost as cheap as
board walks. and If made right VIII
never have % be replaced.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20

What il more exsspering than q
vet. soft floor in 3 barn! Concrete
viz solve the problem.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-08-20

Ebt@&U w FNa@N@ "N~~N"
Several farmers have adopted the
method OF spraying the alfalfa stubole
with arsenate Of lead instead Of Great
ing q dust mulch. Apply the poison
ct the rate OF IL pounds in four bar
rels OF water per acre. Where a large
area Ia to be covered a gasoline en-
CINE for power is necessary. Two
lines Of hose are operated by two men
and bordeaux nozzles held at dis
lance OF about III feet fram the
ground. Equally good work could
probably be done with a small guam
tity Of arsenate Of lead BY > better
method Of distribution This spray
method. however, is better adapted to
large fields tnan the dust-mulch meth
cd. II is also applicable as well tc the
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-02
ASPARAGUS TIPS
By Paul Laux.

;f,e top and work very fze. This viii
assure very fertile spot and one
that VIII certainly d-ain quickly.
Next dig TWO trenches about
deep and 10 wide Throw RE sou
10 both sides and loosen the bottom
OF the trench and work very fine The
.iiseance between these trenches
sI,ould De four feet from center 10 cen
ter. Tou are nov ready 70 set out
The plants. These ought 10 be bought
from a reliable gardner since II Is
very hard 70 grow them from seeds
Cne or Two year old plants are tue
best for this purpose
Before setting out the plants sift in
10 1he bottom OF the trenches-tbe very
richest soil you have making II about
two inches deep. Now SET the plants
on this layer OF SOL and pack the soil
thrown out OF the trenches about the
plants very firmly 10 depth OF three
or four inches The plants should be
set two fcet apart and the roots should
oe we'll spread. The remainder OF the
soil should BE filed IN about deep
a. a time Until the trench IS full. a
good plan Is 70 I'll in about every TWO
weeks. The plants should be we'll
watered: and hoted or cultivated at
least every ten days.
After the first season thorough and
frequent cultivation is requi~d and
N the fail after the berries have set
ali the caps should be removed. Al
the same time cover the bed with a
layer OF we'll rotced manure. IN the
spring OF the third year you ought to
nave an excellent supply OF aspara-
gus.
OF course il Is understood thar as
psraguS cannot be raised in this man
ner on an extensive scale But for
home consumption or even fora small
local market the extra care and labor
bestowed upon the asparagus VIII be
well repaid.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-02
ELECTRIC MAIL
Service May Be Adopted by the
United States PostoffIce
Department.

WASHINGTON. MAJ The eiec-
-ric mail is the latest idea proposed
~ those VINO woosd better the pres
ent postal srs-em The idea caa be
best explained b. example A nan n
New York City writes a letter 10
friend n Chicago Instead OF address
s;nS it IN the usual way, he merely
writes The word teiepose on the en-
veic2e and srtaches tne proper
aroun: % postage to- TIE service
re drops Z n the mail box or L es-
pecial:- important. taxes Il 70 the posi-
ONCE A. the post Office the stamps
are cancelled and = - transferred &c
the teierost department There trs
contents are wired 70 Chicago type
written ard placed n an ea-e>coc
proper..v addressed. t-a-sferTed 20 the
delivery department ard taken out By
a carrier
For importan, business correspond
ence his would prove invaluable and
still very inexpensive compared with
me present Geographic rates. Tee
proposed rates are a cent a word for
ten words. and = half cent word
FOR hsty words or more 4 letter sent
THE way. containing fifty words would
20 for 2s cents regardless or the dis
lance between points OF cc-nu.ur5ea-
telegraph wien me proposed electric
nail system wosid give almost. the
same service for - GEMS.
IN its last report the Uoitcd States
Sena,e recommended 20 the consider
alton % tTe postmaster general The
electric mail system.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-02

SHINNSToN. May Every farm
~. ought 10 have room. somewhere on
his farm for 3 small asparagus bad
Il does nos take very great amount
or labor 10 start 4. and when once
started Z Will furnish hiri al excel
lent food supply during time @ me
year when other vegetables are ratn-
or scarce. II properly planted and
tended a bed OF asparagus ought 10
last 10 or - years.
Asparagus win grow best in loose
well drained sell, and being very
heavy feeder and rapid grower Il re-
CURES a very rich soil. Each year
the roots which produce the shoots
that are used as food grow ont Just
above the roots OF r1e previous year
Therefore they grow a little nearer
me surface each year For TINS ress-
ca the soil must be deep and me
plants set out very deep. Asparagus
loves sunshine and should therefore
have southern exposure. pratectea'
however. from strong winds.
To prepare bed for family sup
ply or asparagus, choose 3 spot tfat
e vel, drained and exposed 10 the
southern sun, but protected from the
north and west. Measure of bed
SIX feet wide and ten feet long. This
wilt supply you room for 10 plants
and furnish az much asparagus as
goa can possibly Gse az home and
perhaps more Now spade out the
soil ca deep. throwing the first
iaye- 20 one side and the second lay
e 10 the other Spade up the bottom
as deep as you can and fiji IN FIRST me
sub-soiI and then the top soil. mix
:nx With each a good supply of well
-orted manure. II II IS al all possible.
IL VII! usually pay 10 lea-e out the
srb-so!I and fiji IN the top layer OF
soil IN its 2Iace, replacing n turn
the top sol! with re very richest gar
den SOL you can fad. smooth on
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-02
OLD GUARDS
LAST RALLY
Oakland Has Lid on and There
is Much Crashing OF
Teeth.

GRAFTON. Nay Friday Vas tue
lss- day of license in Oakland and
BarrctI county and the old guard raj
lied there 10 mourn the passing OF the
old regime and the coming or the nov
saturday. the I'D went on with cianS
and VIII be padlocked securely nm
I'll The viii or the voters or GarTett
county shall have taken decfaea
change. There WAS soy-ou5lS among
the members OF the guard and Eea-
era, weeping and wa.iinS and gn1Sn-
IN. Of teeth. but all 10 no ava1- TINS
cuts on the closest supply OF booze
fr,TY, the east and viii make LONGER
tourney necessary 70 procure some
thing 10 cure snake bits and such SUI
serins as only alcohol can alleviate
= visitor in Wheeling says that the
iovf,,l fluid flows pretty freely 5herc
fhese DAYS. despite the efforts OF the
prohibition officers TO keep the cover
firmly n place. Some plans are work
ing pretty successfully there. sucn As
Offering an auto ride At a sim Price
4 little exploring around the auto
usually rewards the 5oyrider with
fu6inr pinr Of liquor, which he
.,7ckets wi.hou; further delay He
gets out Of the machine al the next
block and the transaction Is consid-
cred closed as she passenger pays iais
fare upon ge:; ne into the machine
Another gentleman Is said TO nave
done a biz business last week VITA
the contents os q thcrmos bottle.
which nc carried around With him A
few drops OF The contents OF the icy
hot. receptacle found instant favor
With a few friends and the glad WORD
was passed around so quickly thai
business was booming IN a short TINE
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-02

Exposition and its exhibits are prov
ing an interesting study in connec-
ton with the Nine Rescue Service
and the wonderfully effective emer-
eency service maintained at the ex-
position. The use of oxygen and
anaesthetics IS demonstrated and the
Red Cross exhibits as a whole are
worthy OF the great attention they
are attracting Several other Tor,
eim countries viii be equally as well
represented as Japan and the United
States within few days and the
completion of all exhibits of this
Character viii add another splendid
accomplishment to those already
achieved by the directors of the great
exposition II bringing to its 10000
displays everything representative OK
the work Of the world
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-02

While Europe feels the greatest
struggle in history the efficiency Of
the Red Cross Is being put to the
hardest test of its wonderful exist
ence. A larger army Is now mar
shalled under its banner than under
the flag Of any one nation It moves
silently and steadily amidst the fierce
din OF battle, its marvellous effective
ress the result of the business!lke
systeretizinE It has undergone with
the years.
Aopreciating the endea-ors Of TIE
Red Cross. the great nations. despite
the ca1aclysm in Europe. have I'M
stalled wonderful exhibits at San
Francisco and have incorporated u
these exhibits a tribute 20 the Red
Cross. The United States and Japan
in particular are devoti.g much at
sent:on to this feature and the result
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-05-02

has been most gratifying TO the thou
sands who daily throHR the magn1h-
cert exhibit palaces OF the Exposi-
Japan has oae Of the most eS-
haust5ve exhibits along these lines.
showing IN detail how the wounded
are cared for or the battle field and
under Gre. This exhibit is made
-ividiy realistic by perfect wax
models of the human figure. the
surgeons and nurses being SO true to
lie that close study OF the figures
is necessary to discern from living
models. The Japanese exhibit, as
well as that of the American Red
Gross, is complete in every detail,
even 70 the field telephones used Tor
communicating with the chief sur.
eeons, bases Of hospital supplies and
the hospitals themselves. which ere