davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
EXPECT RAIN Of
DEATH on LONDON
Zeppelin Fleet Greater Than Ever
Looked For to Continue Attack
Night After Night.
ENGLISH PREPARE DEFENsEs
Cannot Rely on 4Anti-Air Craft Guns,
But Must Fight Airships With AIR
ships, Is Statement of Returned
American Engineer.

new YORK, Dec. ST believe there
viii be another Zeppelin attack or
London within sixty DAYS. When thu
raid does come, It will be bigger
than anything that has gone before
and will be REPEATED night after night
The Germans will probably send a,
least ten Zeppelins. They are nov
gathering feet so large that the,
can afford to risk the loss OF four o,
five In raid. 1t was because they haS
no airships to spare that they stop.
ped these visitations this fall. Nov
they are nearly ready again to strike
repeated blows---to cross the channe
in force, as they must do to create
the amount Of terror that they de.
sire.
But England has been awakened
She knows the game now. She has
learned that airship must be fought
with airship. 'She is preparing. In the
light OF what the war has taught her
to meet the menace in the right way
She is building rigid dirigibles. When
the raiders come she will not be help
less.
These predictions were made TODAY
by Thomas r. Mac Machen. aeronauti-
cal engineer and president of the
Aeronautical Society OF America. He
recently returned from England
where small dirigible, which he in
part designed and which Is intended to
be = torpedo boat destroyer Of the
air" Is being completed by q syndi-
cate under official British eyes.
Have Changed Plans.
Mr.. MacMachen said:
AT the beginning OF the war the
allies thought that aeroplanes and
anti-air craft guns would be sufficient
But what the Zeppelins have done Il
known to the world, and 1t IL also
known that Arthur Baifour said re-
Gently in the House OF Commons that
England was building rigid dfrigfbles
to meet the situation imposed by the
Zeppelins. The ascent Of aeroplanes
at night to search out and attack
Zeppelins has proved most dangerous
Numbers OF aviators in England
France and Russia have been killed
in making night landings. Moreover
when the aeropianes appear. the Yep
pelins rise to a great height and com
pei the planes to exhaust their fuel
in climbing after them The Zeppe-
lin jumps to 10000 or $4,000 feet
subjects the aeroplanes to machine
gun fire. then speeds away.
English and French aviators have
told me that the Zeppelins easily
elude them at night--even when there
is bright moonlight. The British
thought the zeppelins would not come
on moonlight nights, but they did
twice, and got away unframed"
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
MAY GET TOGETHER ON
new BELT LINE GRAOE
justmea of Uty's and r., +. 4
P.'s Differences.
COMPROMISE PLAN SUGGESTED
Lees Cut Than Contemplated in Han
ing Flu On Land Along Tracks.

That the city and the r., r. Il p.
Railway will get together on plan
for the elimination OF the Belt Line
grade crossing. through depression OF
tracks, before the matter again comes
ofYfcially before the Council Commit
tee on Streets, at its adjourned meet
ing December 30, now seems assured.
All indications yesterday were that
there will be affected compromise
between the plans of Engineer Han
kins, favored by the Administrative
Board, and f. d. r. Myers. approved
by the r.. +, g. r.
Except for developments pointing to
early amicable adjustment of the diff
ferences between the city and the rail-
road. there has been little change In
the situation since the committee ad-
Journed Tuesday night to meet a week
from xe Monday. There were confer
enees. yesterday between representa-
tives of the city and OF the railroad.
and around City Hall 1t is understood
that a compromise plan will be recon-
mended for adoption at the commit
tees next session.
Overcomes Main Objections.
The nature Of this compromise is
said to be such as will lessen the cost
to the railroad, which. according TO
City Attorney Po1lard's opinion Tues
day night: must be borne by the rail-
road company alone, and as will elm
mate the city's chief cause of ebjec-
tion TO the Myers plan.
The idea is that while the Hankins
plan calls for cut of twenty -one feet,
some nine feet more than does the de-
preston of tracks contemplated In the
Myers plan, the cut need not be made
so deep IL the grade OF the street
leading to the tracks is raised on either
side a few feet by remaking the earth
adding TO the surface of the land
the dirt taken from the cut
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
|Rtv. 4. 3. ROOO TO STAY
WITH RICHMOND CHURCH

Rev. A. b. Rudd, OF Barton Hsishts
Baptist Church. last night announced
TO his congregation that he had de-
ciined to call to the Baptist Church ~
Rice, Prince Edward County. Va.
DR.. Rudd told his congregation that
he appreciated the aid which they had
given him In carrying on his work. He
told them they were 4 group of hard
workers and ~ felt II his duty to re-
main with them.
In an interview with virginian re-
ported last night, DIR. Rudd said that
he had felt like accepting the sta
ton at Rice. but the cordial co-opera-
ton of his congregation here In the
work of the church made him unwili-
ing to leave.
He was congratulated last night b.
members of his congregation on his
decision. DIR. Rudd - one OF the most
popular ministers of the city.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09

Continued From First Pa8e.)
points out that tire government wished
the Pope to control ,he diplomats
cipher correspondence. The Pope. 1t
says refused to accept this RESPONSE
bility. Hence. thu Vatican organ con-
tends. white II IN true that the Ger
man and Austrian diplomats were no.
expelled, they left Rome as the result
Of circumstances beyond their con-
troll.
The explanation Of the Osservatore
Romano Is regarded here as being OF
most conciliatory nature.
Their Departure Spontaneous.
SiGnor Orlando, minister of grace
and justice. announced In the chamber
that the Italian government represent
ed the national character. and that.
therefore, Ii respected the law Of
guarantees and had not compelled the
German and Austrian diplomats ac-
credited TO the Holy See to leave Rome.
Their Departure. he said was sponta
neous. hence the prestige of the Pope
WAS intact and his independence com
plete. AZ was proved by the public re-
QUEEN held In Rome on the initiative
OF the Pope for the soldiers fallen in
the war. including those of 1taly's
enemies.
Th6 ministers statements were re-
ceived by the chamber with applause
The papal allocutlon, il is said in
officiai circles. was intended as a reply
TO speech delivered in Palermo by
Signor Orlando, who emphasized that
the law of guarantees had assured the
independence of the Holy See in spite
of the war,
The Giornsie dftalia. in comment.
ing on the papal protest, points out
that one proof Of the independence of
the Holy See 10 afforded by tho pres
ence OF Cardinal Hartmann at the con-
sistory. adding that the Italian gov
eminent also would have given safe
conducts to the Austrian cardinals II
they had wished to attend the consis-
tory.
None Of the newspapers have vet
commented on the Pope's expressed
wishes for an carly and just peace, al
though the prevailing Impression is
that the Pope intended to emphasize
The impartial attitude Of the Holy Gee.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
NO QUORUM CHARTER
CHANGES COMMITTEE

Owing to the fact that a quorum
did not materializc. the Charter
Changes Committee failed to meet last
night.
Those present were Messrs. Peters,
Radcliffe. Christian and Jones. besides
Mr. McAdams, of the citixens end Of
the committee. At tho hour Of $3.50
Chairman Jones adjourned the COM
mittee to the cay OF tho chairman,
1t Is likely that yhe committee may
be called to meet next Wednesday
night.
Alderman Fuller sent word that no
could not be present on account of
sickness, as did Mr.. Haddon.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
GERMAN DRIVE IN
CHAMPAGNE STILL ON

London. Dec. S.-Thc German
attack on the French lines In the
sector running from ST. Souplct,
On the west, to Mas-iges. on the
cast. In the Champagne. which
resulted In the capture of ESQ
metre. OF nm advanced French
trench south OF St Souplet Mon
day night. still continues. THO
German infantry, In All assault
made north OF Sonsin, has taken
position 500 metres long on
HiIl 1913. according to tho official
statement issued in Berlin today.
Four counter-attat.ks made by the
French In AN effort to regain the
position were frustrated.
The German war ONCE also says
French against the position east OF
Auherive and south Of ST. Souplet,
taken Monday night. failed.
The French eomuunique says that
the French are continuing to make
progress in their effort To take the
81. Soupiet position. the lighting for
the lost trench being carried on by
use of hand srcnades, 1t adds that
the German attack north of Souain
has been mastered BY French counter
attacks. and that fighting for the posi-
tions lost here sim continues
The ground contested In this sector
was won by the French in their Sep
tember offensive, in which An effort
was made to reach the railway running
behind the German lines In this region.
The offensive WIS stopped be fore il
reached the rnilroad. which III the
source Of supplies for all the German
troops on this part OF the line.
A German attack preceded by mine
explosion. was made yesterday also
north OF Arras, but II was stopped by
the French curtain OF FIRE.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
Mr.. rllaup Appeals.

On a charge OF removing a dead
body from the city without the neces-
sary permit, Edwin Phaup. an under
taker, was assessed S25 and costs BY
Justice Crutchfield in Police Court
yesterday. DR.. f. c. Levy. chief
health officer, appeared In court
against the funeral director. Mt.
Phaup noted an appeal to the Hust-
ings Court.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY FARES.

Southern Railway announces greatly
reduced round-trip fares from points
on it. lines to points in the South,
Dates of sale. Decem Der IT to 25, in
elusive, 1915. Final limit January 10,
1916, prior to midnight OF which re-
turn trip must be completed.
For further information ca'' on
nearest Southern Railway ticket agent.
or write
MAGRUDER DENT, D. T. A.
Richmond. Va.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
Young Man Arrested,

Leon Noel, twenty-three years old
was arrested last night on a charge
OF encouraging Carl Marchetti, eigh-
teen years old, to be guilty Of inn
moral conduct The young man with
the palindromic cognomen was bailed
for his appearance before Justice John
Crutchtield in Police Court this morn.
ing.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
FREIGHT CARS BURN
ON SOUTHERN SIDING

At an early hour this morning fra
destroyed several freight cars ON the
Southern Railroad siding opposite
Fulton. Owing to lack OF facilities for
fighting flames in this location the city
fire department could render no as
sistance. The Southern fire depart
ment was. however, on the scene. The
loss will aggregate several thousand
dollars. Tramps are believed to have
been responsible for the loss.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
ON "posters and RiIIboarfis

The address to be delivered TO the
Richmond Advertisers Club at it's
regular midweek luncheon at 1:15
O'Clock this afternoon In the rooms o!
the Business Mems Club will be by
w. w. Workman. whose subject viii
be Poster Advertising of Today VS.
Bf1lposting OF Yesterday"
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
NATIONAL DEFENSE

CONTINUED From First Page,)
tails dt the plan. the Republicans In
the Senate VIII not view this matter
In partisan way, and provided the
Democrats do not attempt to frame
their measure in caucus, bslieve I
can speak for my colleagues when
say We shall cooperate With theua.. !
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
ALLIED BlUNOtRERS


Bulgarian strenEhold) which lies on
the railway. RetnfQrcements continue
to pour In at Saionica, and hope that
they viii be in time somewhat counter
balance the pessimism arising from the
allies plight.
The Austro~ German invaders In
Montenegro are continuing the roll the
MonteneErins back into the interior
of their country, but the advance Is
comparatively slow, owing to the ma
turai difficulties and the tenacity of
the defenders, Ipek. on the Serbo-
Montenegro frontier. is now In the
invaders hands. With II the viotors
captured 2o0o prisoners. eighty can
non ana much war material.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
Charged With Interfering With
OfRCeY

II. Lloyd was placed UNI
der arrest yesterday afternoon in
Byrd-Street Station on charge OF
interfering with Policeman G. l.. WILL
llama In the discharge of his duty.
He was admitted to bail.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
Assaulted with Duster.

John kanipeten. Greek, was
placed under arrest last night on a
charge of assaultirg John Cosmo, one
of his fellow-aliens, with a feather
1uSfap
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1915-12-09
CARDINAL HARTMANN

fcontinu>d From rir,. Pare. ,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
Rent Specials

1901 Grove Ave. rooms.
sl5 Park Ave, - roms, baths
,5o2 ". Franklin, l2 rooms.
Laos Grove Ave. IL rooms, . baths
3C3 z. Franklin, - rooms.
LII Grove Ave. - roms, 2 baths
222t W. Grace ST. S rooms.
20s z. Main St. IL rooms
10 f: Cary ST.. rooms
ESQ Floyd Avenue. garage
1903 l.. Main. rooms.
lo2 y. Linden, rooms.
2l2l w. Broad. 10 rooms
!es North Avenue, Barton Heights
1915 East Grace ST. rooms.
ZIG S. Pine ST.. 8 rooms.
l2l2H z. Broad ST.. IL rooms,
o2a y. Fourth ST., rooms.
lp5 Auburn Avenue rooms
ios II e. Clay. rooms.
III Stuart St. H. p, S roons
sos ". Clay ST., 6 rooms
20. W. Cary ST.. rooms.
SIS ;. Pine ST.. rooms
l21. y twentieth ST., rooms,
"a ;; Cherry ST.. rooms.
~ Fentall Ave, Barton Heirtbe
e23 y Tenth 81. rooms.
y. w. BOWIE son. INC.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
FOR RENT-Real Estate.
FOR RENT
AT REDUCED RENTALS,

Al REDUCED RENTALS.
BIB West Franklin ST.. baths, no,
water heat: beautiful location.
30l $: Third Street, 10 rooms. 2 baths
z'oo Hanover ST.. rooms. baths and
steam heat.
3l9 !. Harrison ST.. S rooms.
3lol West Main St, new 10-room. steam
heated and nicely papered al
through Rent reduced to 1896
per annuH.
900 East Leigh St.. 'l2 rooms. nice con.
dition. Rent reduced to $3.50.
l0t y: sycamore ST.. new, rooms
electric lights. Inducements Of
fered to renter.
l4oS Floyd Avenue, rooms. Induce
mcnts offered to renter.
22o1 stuart Avenue. rooms. steam
heated.
1915 Floyd Avenue. 8 rooms Rent re.
duced to 1890.
25o2 Stuart Avenue. Groom apartment
steam heated. Inducements Of
fered.
al y. Davis Avenue, steam heated
303 y. Davis Avenue. steam heated
100 y. Davis Avenue, z rooms.
SUTTON & CO
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
DANIELS SAYS BUSINESS
IS IMPROVING STEADILY
Especial to Tho Times-pispatch

Especial to The Times Dispatch
RALEIGH. n. c., September III
Joscphus Daniels, Secretary of the
Navy. and Mrs. Daniels were here To.
day on their way to Goldsboro, where
Mr.. Daniels mother will celebrate her
eishtieth birthday. Mr.. and Mrs. Dan.
iels VIII return to Washington early
next week. Mr. Daniels says the coun.
try is improving steadily in business
conditions. He believes the plan Sec.
rotary of the Treasury McAdoo has
made to provide money for tho South
ern banks at per cent, to he loaned
to farmers at not more than 8 per cent,
VIII mean ample and easy low interest
FUNDS for taking care of the crop and
make 1t unnecessary for the farmers to
sell crops at sacrifice prices.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
Possession at Once
FLATS.
APARTMENTS.

AJAX MENTS.
THE BROOKE-22l5 Monument Az.
Hent and hot water furnished
End floor. west side. S rooms. BAT this.
servants quarters.
3rd floor. west side rooms baths.
servants quarters
I'd floor. east side. 8 rooms, 2 baths.
servants quarters
THE ALLEN AVE. APARTMENTS
40 Allen Avenue
Private heating furnaces heat not
furnished.
2nd moor. north side. rooms, ser
End floor. south side. rooms, SER
THE VIRGINIA BUILDING.
Fifth and Main Streets.
Heat, not and cold water furnished
Janitor on premises
2nd moor, north side, s rooms. ..r-
wants quarters SCI
LIST floor. north side. & roon,s 80
wants quarters. OCT
J. D. cARSEAL & SON.
4 y. Eleventh Street
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
Houses

~ >: IWtnty.scVcnth ST, S rooms.
$40 " Gary St. 9 rooms.
lie Seventh ST., rooms
II l.2 S. Vine ST. rooms
2l6 5 Pine St. rooms
.o2 " Marshall ST. rooms.
52i y Fourth ST. > roons
i0i2 Ibrk Ave. Ia rooms
1902 James ST. rooms
100 s Fourth 81. 6 rooms
Rent reduced 10 good tenants
RICHMOND TRUST e. SAVINGS CO..
REAL. ESTATE DEPARTMENT.
Main and seventh Streets
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
FOR RENT.

The following houses flats and
apartments. We can offer special in
ducements. Rent very low
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
FOR RENT-Real Estate.
FOR RENT,

cO1<SiN "a ~ ~.
If you are looking for a small store,
shop or garage here are some that
should interest you:
1908 West Main Street.
ll6.llS Ia North Seventeenth street
1918 East Franklin Street.
4l4 Louisiana Street
1901 East Main Street. basement
250I East Broad Street
4l9 West Grace, garage in rear.
6lI East Franklin Street.
ITO North Seventeenth Street
2225 Venable Street. shop in rear
PA West Broad. side entrance
3l4-3l6 West Broad. rear
Full particulars will he given on re-
quest. Elan & Funston.
827 West Grace Street. Is rooms.
1913 Park Avenue. 7 rooms.
lll3 West Main Street, rooms
1929 Floyd Avenue. S rooms
l0l East Canal. 10 rooms.
2022 West Main, 6 rooms.
1910 Fast Marshall IL rooms
2223 west Grace Street rooms
34l3 Hanover Avenue, rooms
2Ios Hanover Avenue. S rooms
2l1 East Grace Street IL rooms
APARTMENTS.
1874 West Grace Street, rooms
2204 Hanover Avenue, rooms
220s-A Hanover Avenue, S rooms.
307 Davis Avenue, rooms.
800 South Fourth Street, 3 rooms.
2225-A Taylor street, 3 rooms.
DOUGLAS e. TAYLOR.
So1 East Franklin.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
SUBURBAN


SUBURBAN
Fer Annum.
$3.50 7Oi Rose Ave. Barton Heishts.
concrete block, furnace
1850 7o2 Graham Road. Battery Court,
1920 500 Stuart Road, Battery Court.
$3.50 5ss Miller Ave. barton Heights.
rooms, latrobe.
$3.50 sos Miller Ave. Barton Heights,
,,o iatrobe. rooms.
1850 800 Home St. rooms. garage. la
1850 so7 North Ave. . rooms. furnace
$3.50 North Avenue. Barton Heights. 8
$3.50 Stuart Road. Battery Court. s
sa9o 7l3 York St. Barton Heights. 9
1890 100 Barton Ave, s rooms.
S42o Semmes Ave. South Richmond, 9
FLATS IN BARTON HEIoTs.
Fer Annum;
rooms. bath. heat. etc. furnished
1920 so4 Barton Ave. upper flat. 6
rooms. baths. heat. furnished
$500 SOC Lamb Ave. lower fat. 6
$500 e icons rs mTder ~ ,n,o a.. i.
rooms. modern.
SlsO o02 North Ave, lower fiat &
We have several beautiful new s.
room apartments for rent, corner Lamb
Aycnue and Minor Street tstop No -.
Barton Barton Heights. Each apartment has
water heat, gas ranges. hardwood
floors. window shades. and every mod
close to center Of city. right at street
cars and very convenlent 70 the Amer
lean Locomotive Works.
Upper apartments, $50; lower apart
mcnts $2250.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
FOR RENT-Real Estate.
FOR RENT.

JULIAN G. ANDERSON & CO,
20 NORTH SEVENTH STREET.
Phone. Madison 1881.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-09-12
Residences for Rent

7os Noble Avenue Ginter Parks 1000
'g3 Hawthorne Ave, Gintcr
Park. rooms. bath. garage. 5000
300 w. Franklin ST. IL rooms
.o6 baths h. tfuInish,edl ;..:..... 5000
,9 q b W -. sssa
bath ;...... ;........,..... 5000
2223 w. Grace ST., S rooms, 2
pans ............ ........ 5000
-25g Floyd Ave, rooms, BATH
2SlS w. Main ST.. 8 rooms. bath
EOS y. Twelfth ST.. 10 rooms
bath, rear house rooms. $500
1900 Semmes Ave. Q rooms, bath
garage. hot and cold water,
,,6 6oult ;,,........,..... $500
i5Ss 2nor1 81, ~ rooms. bath $500
W. DFoau ST.. HOO
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1915-06-09
MARBLE PLANS
AMENDMENT

Further consideration OF the pro
posed Mcbride pure milk ordinance,
conceded TO be the most important
matter of public safety legislation
that has been preached by the city
this year. was set for meeting
of the council committee of the
whole Wednesday afternoon.
Councilman Marble has made
known his intention of proposing
an amendment to remove the com.
pulsory tuberculin test requirement.
He would require all milk sold
In the city, instead. to be labelled
tested or "untested." and hoped
to get the support of Councilmen
Dale and Bolton, who have been
the most strenuous opponents OF
the Mcbride ordinance.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1915-06-09

must be filled Within 80 days.
A shift In the cabinet, pise-
ing Secretary Lane or Secre-
tary OF War Garrison ss the
head Of the cabinet. was among
the possibilities.
Lansing 10 Competent
The American public has no
need TO worry abou, Its diplomatic
affairs being In competent hands.
40 icng as Lansing Ia secretary OF
state.
III In not too much 10 say In
truth. and not less than should be
said In fairness and grateful ap.
probation. that the guidance of
our ship OF state by Woodrow WI.
son and ROBERT LANSING thru
tho whirling pools OF this Euro.
pean conflict has never. in essen.
fial sagacity. resolution aud pa.
tience. been surpassed in the his.
tory OF the republic" says Col.
George Harvey. famous political
critic and editor. in an article on
The Government and the War"
Has Much Experience
The tribute In deserved. No one
can talk to Lansing and no, real.
ize tina, the man Is competent for
his job.
A man In the prime OF life-he ia
81 years old-his whole personality
suggests quiet competence.
He was agent OF the United
States In the American and British
claims arbitration In 1924. and
succeeded John Bassett Moore AS
counselor Of the state department
on March 20. 1914.
Succeeded John Moore
Admitted to the bar In 1889.
Lansing acted for tho United States
In the Boring sea arbitration: he
was counsel for our government on
the Boring sea clans commits.
sion: he was solicitor for the
United States on the Alaska
boundary tribunal In 1908. and went
TO The Hague in ls09-10 as counsel
In the arbitration proceedings there
over the North Atlantic coast fish.
cries dispute. and saved the rights
OF American fishermen off the
Grand Banks.
Lansing has resided in Washing.
ton--when he wasn't busy abroad
In diplomatic matters--for years,
and he is we'll known here.
Lansing is a member OF the Amer.
lean Society OF International Law.
the American Political Science az.
sociation, the National Geographic
society and the New York State
Bar association.