The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1915-11-26

Dy Lne huSSlduS just dII6T Dull
garia entered the war, is situ-
ated in the North, near the
present boundary of Roumania, on the
Bay of Varna, capacious, sheltered
inlet of the Black sea, says the Ma
tional Geographical society bulletin.
1t is connected by rail with all Of the
important regions of the country
which it has long served as princi-
pal outlet. 1t possesses an incom-
parably finer harbor than Dedeagatch,
the Aegean port of Bulgaria, from
whose development so much future ad-
vantage is expected. 1t lies within
easy steaming distance of Russia's
naval port, Sebastopol, being about 300
miles distant
The port is the third city of the
kingdom, ranking after Sofia and Phil
ippopolis, and it has been strongly
fortified. it has played an important
part in Bulgaria's military history, as
the chief point in the so-called "Varna
quadrilateral," which formed the basis
of Bulgaria's defense toward the
north and east before the loss Of
Dobrudja to Roumania after the
treaty of Bucharest. The quadrilat-
eral was composed of Varna, Shumla,
Rustchuk and Silistria. Silistria is
now well within the Roumanian from
tier, close upon the Danube. Rustchuk,
Shumla and Varna now form tri-
angle of fortresses, stretched along the
northeastern Bulgarian frontier.
Varna is 325 miles by rail east
northeast of Sofia, the capital. It is
connected with Rustchuk, in the north
west, and with Sofia, in the west, by
trunkline railways, while branches
connect it with central and southern
parts of the kingdom. The railway
from Rustchuk was opened in 1867,
and with it's coming began tho city's
prosperity. Burgas, south of Varna,
has given it strenuous competition
during recent years.
Built on HiIIy Shore.
The city is built on the hi!ly north
ern shore of the bay, which, besides
offering peculiar facilities for defense,
makes it very picturesque. At its
foot the River Devna cuts through the
mountains to the sea, and all around
the hills shut in the valley and the
port Despite considerable modern ef-
fort at Improvement, the city plainly
shows it's age, and it's irregular, ILL
paved streets, lined with outworn
buildings, breathe the peace of for
gotten valley. Several industries,
however, have penetrated to the city,
and modern restlessness and modern
smartness stand just before, as the
prosperity of the kingdom and of, its
first port grows. Varna has popu-
lation of about $4,000.
Dairy products, grains, cattle,
dressed meats, lamb and goat skins,
and rough cloth are the principal
exports of the place, and its imports
are chiefly petroleum, coal, iron and
iron ware, machinery, textiles and
chemicals. 1t does an annual business
of nearly $4,000,000 and is visited dur
ing the year by about 1000 ships of
an aggregate of 100000 tons. The
largest number of these vessels are
Bulgarian, while Austria-Hungary has
been represented by the largest ton
mage. There are tanneries, cloth fac
tories and distiLleries in the city.
Near by, among the hills, is the sum-
mer palace, Qf~ehe king.
zss-a Dedeagatch on the Aegean.
= Dedeagatch, which the British and
French ships shelled, is the port upon
the Aegean sea to which the Bull
garians pin some of their brightest
hopes for a rich commercial future.
A free outlet to the Aegean and the
Mediterranean was something long
coveted by Bulgarian statesmen, who
felt that their foreign trade would first
begin with their requirement of port
upon the open sea. In Dedeagatch
the patriotic natives see future New
York, a Balkan London, and the pos
session of this harbor appears to them
one of the greatest benefits of their
war with Turkey. Bulgarian products,
from altar of roses to grain and hides,
are soon to leave for the worlds CEN
trail markets in Bulgarian boats from
a Bulgarian port.
Holding their port so important, 1t
is small wonder that the Bulgarians
felt the loss of the railway through
Adrianople which connects Dedea-
catch with the interior of their coun-
try to be a disaster that must be made
good at the earliest possible moment
and at all hazard. The cession of ter
ritory by the Ottoman empire restored
to Bulgaria the land through which
this railway runs, and so restored to