davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
The Craving For Salt.

If salt is not essential to life why
do those who have little or none Of
it crave for it? You should see, as
I have seen (writes a correspondent
the whole population turn out of an
African village on the approach Of
white prospectors in the hope Of OBJ
tanning salt. The men demanded it,
the women clamored and the chill
dren cried for it. Even the coffee
colored babies slung estride their
mothers backs thrust forth their
tiny hands and devoured it as greed
lily as our English children do
sweets. A spoonful of salt all around
established amicable relations, and
when it came later to ~bartering I
found salt by far the most valuable
medium. Value for value, salt pro-
cured three times as much as calico
or fancy goods.-London Chronicle.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
Mother of-pearI Buddhas.

The clever priests of China often
insert tiny images of Buddha with
in the shells Of a living clam, which
are left undisturbed for about a
year. At the expiration of that
time the images + covered with
mother-of-pearl to such an extent
that they appear to have grown in
this natural manner. The Chinese
people hold these shells in great
reverence, believing that Buddha
dwclls within them. However,
should a Christian chance to look
upon one of the shells it has no
further value to them, as it's charm
is supposed to have left it.-Albany
Journal.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
Science siftings.

A new hardening material for the
surface Of concrete floors contains 50
per cent of iron dust or iron -four.
The transit of Mercury on Nov. z
next will be partly visible in the east
ern portions of the United States and
Canada.
According to a Heidelberg university
professor. all the human organs are
radioactive. the brain the most. the
heart and liver to a lesser degree and
the spleen and kidneys but slightly.
The latest computations show that
the earth is Of twice the rigidity Of
steel. Tie new discovery is that it has
tides in the solid al we'll al in the liquid
portions. But these tides are very mi
mute.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
No Perpetual Motion.

Every machine is constructed to
transmit motion or force. In every
instance the motion of the machine
is derived from without, either from
muscular action, or the weight of
falling water, or Il current of air, or
the expansive power of steam OF
some other natural power. The
motion and energy that the machine
has gained have been obtained only
at the expense OF. some exterior
agent. The quantity Of force in ex-
istence being fixed no new stock can
be created, and therefore a self
moving machine is absurd even in
name.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19

The twelve-year-old girl will find this
coat very much to her liking. 1t is
high wasted, with a wide belt of the
same material and a covered buckle
Of blue MORE silk. The collar and
cuffs are also of MORE silk.
White shoes and stockings are worn
with this pretty spring creation, which
shows also, as does the companion H.
l%ustration. the liking this season for
black and white.
Worn with this oat is n blue silk
and straw hat trimmed with cherries.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
MAKING BIG GUNS.
From the Solid insot Of Steel to the
Finished Weapon.

VVVtU WV SVS0 uu0Ss w SsVOs = NV
Finished Weapon.
A fascinating sight is to watch
the first stages in the manufacture
of big guns. A solid ingot of steel,
some fifty feet in length and weigh
ing about 100 tons, is employed in
the making of a thirteen inch gun.
After being forged and then allowed
to cool, SO that it may be tough
ened for the heavy work, this gigan-
tic bar of steel is pressed into cylin-
drical shape by a power hydraulic
press, which exerts a pressure of
anything between 5000 and 10000
tons to the square inch. Later what
is known as the trepanning opera
ton is carried out-namely, drilling
the bore from end to end. Next the
bore is rifled.
The most impressive sight, how
ever, is the hardening process, when
the rough weapon is heated to
dazzling white heat and plunged
into a we'll full of oil. If the opera
ton takes place in the night time
the sight of this big, glowing bar of
metal being lowered apparently into
the bowels of the earth issuing leap
ing tongues Of flames from the
burning oil, may be likened to a
scene from Dante's "Inferno." The
gun is left to cool in the oil bath,
out of which it comes hardened,
toughened and tempered.
Now follows the wire winding
operation to make the weapon
stronger and impart to it some
measure of elasticity. This wire
winding is much the same in prin-
ciple as the whipping ON the handle
of a cricket bat. In this case, how
ever, the whipping takes the form
of a strong steel ribbon, which is
wound around the body of the gun.
Every thirteen inch gun has about
100 miles of this steel ribbon wound
about it. Some idea of the labor
involved in the manufacture of one
Of these guns may be gathered from
the fact that from start to finish
the time occupied is twelve months.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
Train and Track.

. sFLL |fL-. N Eta
Liverpool is thinking about spending
more tha. $2G,O0O.OO0 on a system Of
Underground railways. s
A, record was established by the
Western Maryland railway when it
hauled ia loaded coal airs from Cum
berland to Hagerstown, Md, with a
single locomotive. The trainload was
In excess Of IL. $50 900 pounds.
The largest railway station in the
world. 50 far as area is concerned, isl
the New York city station Of the Penn
sylvania Railroad company. which has
an area OF twenty-eight acres. follow.
ed by the Care st. Lazare, Paris, with
twenty-five. and Edinburgh Weverley,
with twenty-three.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
Fhppant filings.

Up to the minute query: "dave you
a little photograph in your homer
Washington Post.
Now that the boating eason is in
full swing we can't have too much Of
that anti-tipping movement. - Pitts
burgh Gazette Times.
I'D rather be q baseball player than
secretary Of the navy" says Secretary
Daniels. So would anybody. There's
more money in it.-Los Angeles Ex-
press. rs
DR.. Anna Shaw proposes a maiden
aunt's day. All right. only let's re-
serve one day-say Dec. %. the short
est in the year-for the American peo-
Pile as q whole.-New York World.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
Processes Followed In Euro.
pean and American Cities.
SOWING STREETS WITH SAND
Much Greater Service 10 Got Out Of
Foreign Highways by Protecting
Them In Various Ways and So Fa.
eiIitatins Traffic Than ls the Case In
America. 81

[By Frank Rooster, consulting civic en-
gineer, New York;
After laying an expensive asphalt or
wood block street, city authorities in
American cities seem to feel that their
whole duty has been performed. The
street is Immediately left to the mercy
of traffic and the elements and nothing
more is done until some serious repairs
become necessary.
A very different process is followed
in European cities, which consists in
protecting the street and in facilitating
traffic, so that much greater service Is
got out Of a street than in America.
The principal expedient adopted is
to sprinkle OF cover the street lightly
with various substances whenever
weather conditions or other reasons
require it.
Sand is much used for the purpose,
and is scattered over the streets in a
number Of ways. Sometimes a man
with a trowel-like tool, carrying a bag
Of sand suspended from his neck, sows
the street with the sand after the man.
ner of a farmer sowing grain broad
cast. Another method of distributing
the sand is by means of small box
like carts and shovels, m man push
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
Pert Personals.

Will some shrewd advertising man
or detective please tell US what has
become Of one John Lind?-Milwaukee
Sentinel.
The spectacular combination of Jim
Ham Lewis and Coney Island can best
be described as rich. but not gaudy."
Washington Star.
The postmaster. at Medicine Lodge.
Kan, is named U. G. Herr. Sounds as
II he were named after q silhouette
gOwn.-New York Mail.
Notwithstanding his legacy Of ST.
100000. James K. Hackett will remain
on the stage. but, of course, he won't
feel so bad when you don't so to see
him.-Detroit Free Press.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
The Parrot.

With the ancients the parrot was
not a bird to be revered, so far as
can be learned. 1t is not depicted
on any of the sacred scenes in stone
that tell the strange stories of the
religions of the nations of old, nor
has it ever been found mummiied
in the tombs of Egypt. Most likely
the ancients thought it an uncanny
bird and also a dangerous one, with
it's capabilities Of repeating what is
heard.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
u%NscIENTIFIc MEASURES.
| Tho Mixturss That Ars Used In France
and In This Country.

The Mixtures That Arc Used In France
and In This Country.
1t is a strange fact that, while
France makes use of her metrical
system of reckoning by the decimal
in every form of measure and stand
ard except in her money, the
United States does not use the deci7
NAL system in any form of measure
except in money.
The Frenchman measures his dis
lance and solid and liquid quantities
by "deka" and "deci" and other
forms Of prefixes denoting an in
crease or decrease of tenfold until
he comes to his money, in which
case he adopts the u~nscientific meth
cd of the sou and the franc and the
louis dor, with the livre and crown
and other unscientific terms of de-
nomination to fill out.
The American, however, although
boasting of his scientific advance
ment, still uses the same old I'M
scientific measures Of pounds and
ounces and tens or yards and feet
and inches and such antiquated
standards as sufficed for the simple
commerce of the middle ages but
are wholly untitled to the orderly
and scientific business methods Of
the twentieth century-except when
it comes to money. Then he WAKES
scientific and adopts the decimal
system, using the cent and dime
and dollar and eagle, each differing
by tenfold.
The strange thing about all this
is that, although the French legis-
lative bodies and the American con-
gross have both made efforts to
change their system Of measures 80
as to make them wholly decimal
and scientific, the opposition has
been so great that these efforts have
been in vain. The advantage of
the decimal system is admittedly
obvious; the disadvantages of the
older systems are patent to every
one.
Yet, such is the conservatism of
the average Humankind these COM
pose the bulk of the population
that they refuse to submit to a
change which has everything in its
favor. It is the same spirit that
prompts a tailor to put useless but
tons on the back and sleeves of a
mans coat because tailors have been
taught it for ages.
And so these two nations will
probably go along for generations,
each using a defective system, and
yet each one able to acquire a per-
feet system if it would only adopt
part Of the system of the other
Washington Star.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
Painter and PsddIsr.

+. Hopkinson Smith was sketch
ing a landscape in Maine when an
aged man stepped up behind him
and looked over his shoulder at the
canvas. g
"Humph" said the stranger,
somewhat scornfully. "What do
you paint them for-the market?"
eyes," said MI. Smith.
"You must paint a lot of 'em to
get a livin'. | guess you have a
harder way of gettin' a livin' than !
have"
"What is your business?" asked
Mr.. Smith.
ooh, / peddle pond liliesl' said
the man.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19

ing the cart and another sowing the
sand. The cart is often the same one
used for collecting refuse.
The method with shovels and cart is
not so expeditions since the sand in
such cases Is spread more thickly.
There are also automatic sand sowing
machines of different types which are
more rapid.
Among other materials used are a
coarse sand or very fine gravel and
fine stone particles. All such materials
should be dry and perfectly clean and
free from dirt or impurities which
would prevent free scattering or SUBJ
sequently cause dust. Ashes are only
used in case of an emergency.
The material for street sowing is
kept in boxes holding from one to
three cubic yards in convenient loca-
lions. being thus at hand whenever
needed for use
Applications are made when the
streets are covered with ice, sleet or
frozen snow, in the case Of cold. driz-
cling rains. Dr. during precipitation
caused by fog or after heavy rains,
when the weather conditions are such
that the streets will not readily dry.
A twofold. object is attained by such
sowing; the slipperiness Of the street
is overcome and safety for vehicles
and pedestrians assured. and the sur
plus water is absorbed by the sand so
that it does not lie and rot the sur
facing. 5.1
Thus the greatest objection to asphalt
streets, their. slipperiness, is obviated.
AS streets are only flushed at times
when the water will readily dry off,
there is no occasion to sand the streets
after flushing.
When bodies of men are to pass over
icy streets. the sand or small gravel
to be scattered is first moistened with
a solution Of salt, as it will then the
more quickly attack the ice.
Sand in being sown on the streets
should be used as sparingly as possible
to accomplish the desired result. A
very small quantity is found sufficient
for a considerable area.
When the conditions Of ice or moist
ure which made necessary the applica-
ton Of the sand have passed. 1t should
all be removed, as otherwise the streets
will become dusty.
In good weather asphalt and wood
block streets are treated with an oil
emulsion. Applied five or six times
during the summer. all the desirable
results are accomplished that follow
from a daily watering.
Street sweeping in winter, a difficult
work, owing to the cold dust stirred
up. is accomplished in an eficacious
manner by first sprinkling the streets
with a chloride Of calcium solution.
which lays the dust and so melts the
frozen dirt that the street sweeping
machines can accomplish their work.
AD NB.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
Til. First Saw.

Talus, the Greek, is said to have
invented the saw from having once
found the jawbone Of a snake, which
he employed to cut through a small
piece of wood. In early periods the
trunks Of trees were split into
boards with wedges, and, although
these deals were not always straight,
they we're regarded as much better
suited to construction than sawed
boards because they followed the
grain and lasted longer and were
stronger. Water mills for the pur-
pose Of saving came into use in the
fourth century.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
Recent Inventions.

Folding screen panels. to inclose any
bed and exclude insects. have been
patented. yi
To convert an ordinary bathtub into
a vapor cabinet there has been invent
ed a cover to clamp tightly over 1t.
with IN opening for q = occupants
head. SS
To save the use Of collar buttons.
there has been patented . tape to- be
passed through the %buttpnholes in q
collar and shirt. fastening with an or
namental clasp In front.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
sr,xitx r.k.. 1im..'

A Scottish minister was once ask.
ed how long he would require to
prepare. a speech. Chat depends"
said he, "upon how much time ! am
to occupy in it's delivery. # I am
to speak for a quarter of an hour !
should like a week to prepare. #
/ am to speak for half an hour
three days will do. If I am to 60 on
as long as I like I am ready now"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
FADs AND FANcIEs.

Boudoir caps have large bows made
Of wide ribbon.
Organdie will be a great favorite in
cotton materials.
Simplicity is the keynote Of the new
shirt waist styles. :
Dainty muslin collars. berthas and
rufles. recalling the mid-victorian
days. are among novel peckwear Tor
spring.
New crocheted scarfs are being done
with irregular patterns which suggest
the art nouveau designs that come
from Vienna.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
IN odd sIip.

DR.. johnson once met the village
postman trudging along the dusty
road on a hot summer afternoon.
The postman observed that he had
still a mile to walk just to deliver
one newspaper.
my goodness" exclaimed the
sympathetic doctor, I'D never 60
all that distance for such aAtri1ei
Why don't you send it by post?"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19
HOME DECORATION.
Lace is Important In House Adorn'
ment, So IT'S Said.

Lace Is Important In House Adorn.
ment, So IT'S Said.
Lace assume more and more an I'M
portant place in the domain Of home
furnishings. 1t is Sc important that
%upholsterers have to employ lacemak-
ers and IRE obliged to make lace pur-
chases on a considerable scale.
Among other things, pianos and
windows are draped with lace.
The renaissance combines with lace
Of quite modern origin. And combin-
ing with all and second to non in
fashion or effect is the old fashioned
crochet The present taste for crochet
denotes a remarkable revival in this
kind OF thing.
ing common u with house and es-
pecially drawing room decorations is
the equally old fashioned netting. For
long years past this species of hand
work has been left almost exclusively
to fishermen and their industrious
wives.
1t served for fishing nets. and that
was about oil. But now 1t is coming
back as fast as it can to the place it
occupied. let lis say, a hundred years
ago. in the repertoire of fancy work
for women.
per cased feet were put forward and
used in the service of the kind of fancy
work known as knitting. Now ma
chinery does IL great deal Of the work
which human fingers. aided by the
foot, used to do.
But whether wrought by fingers or
machinery. it remains a fact that old
fashioned netting is !: distinct revival
and that it's presence in drawing rooms
throws an air Of fashion around them.
The effects Of embroidery upon 1t are
now more artistic than Of yore. nature
as well as pictures often serving as
models.
Spider Web Embroidery.
The new spider web embroidery IS
charming. The webs are used for
backgrounds Of floral designs. bright
colored dragon flies and the like and
sometimes stand out alone with only
the residing spider upon them. The
embroidered webs are alarmingly and
delightfully."- natural, being usually of
pale. gray. They may be made in any
color that you prefer. however. and a
beautiful effect can be obtained by
such a design in different shades of
delft blue. the lightest shade being
used for the webs. Spider web en-
broidery is being used upon luncheon
sets, bureau sets and occasionally upon
sofa pillows.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-03-19

[By Frank Rooster, consulting civic en-
gineer, New York.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-06-07
REPORTS GERMAN REPULSE
Paris Says Three Attacks Against
Sugar Refinery Fail.

Paris, June THE French official
statement says:
THE enemy delivered three violent
counter attacks against the sugar re
finery of Souchez and the trenches
north and south OF this position; they
we're repulsed and in their first ef-
fort particularly they suffered very
heavy losses.
We remain masters OF every one
of the positions conquered by us.
I'VE also took possession of a Ger
man position to the northwest of the
roadside inn known as the Cabaret
Rouge, one kilometer south OF
SoucheZ.
There was great activity on the
part of the artillery i'm the entire sec
tor to the north of Arras.
Along the remainder of the front
there is nothing new"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-06-07
FEDERAL ATTORNEY OUSTED
Receives Fee From Company He Was
Prosecuting.

Washington, June sherman T.
Mcpherson, United States attorney
for Southern Ohio, has resigned and
President Wilson selected Stuart r.
Boline of Columbus to succeed him.
Ii was said at the department OF
justice that Mcpherson resigned be.
cause of criticism of his conduct in
connection with the Capital City
Dairy company receivership at Co.
lumbus. Attorney General Gregory
had asked Mcpherson for his resig.
nation after he learned that while
prosecuting the dairy company in a
criminal proceeding Mcpherson had
received a $4,000 fee as attorney for
the receiver for the company in a
civil proceeding.
The fees were awarded in connec-
tion with civil suits through which
the government collected $4,000 in
taxes alleged to have been evaded
on oleomargarine. Their return has
been demanded
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-06-07
SERIOUS BREAD RIOTS
OCCURRING IN MEXICO

Washington, June SERIOUS bread
riots are occurring in many cities in
Mexico, according to messages re-
ceived here.
The Red Cross is redoubling its
work to relieve the suffering. Be
cause there is no government to help
in the distribution delay must result.
There is no disposition on the part
of leaders to agree to a conference at
which President Wilson's suggestions
can be discussed. Thus far no propo-
sition has been made.
General Carranza will make a
lengthy reply to the presidents open
note, thanking the president for the
suggestions. Jesus Ureata, Carranza
foreign minister, is preparing it and
ii is expected to be in the nature OF a
legal brief, setting forth that Carran-
"a has never departed from the claim
that he is the majority choice and
that the United States should recog-
nize him as the constitutional head
of the Mexican government
Although the president is not ex-
pected to do this he is expected to
reply to Carranza that there will not
be the slightest objection to him as a
candidate at the regular election.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-06-07

Washington. June Ambassador
Gerard, at Berlin, cabled the state de-
partment that reports of Americans
in Germany having been warned to be
prepared to leave were attributable to
the embassy's standing advice that
the war zone on Europe is not a de.
sirable place for Americans.
THE warning that the stories have
reference to- said Secretary Bryan.
lis what has been said all the time
since the war began. II has been said
that during the war Europe is not a
good place for Americans to be in
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-06-07
ONE DEAD AND FIVE INJURED
Sinking Roadbed Causes Wreck on the
ST. Paul Road.

st. Paul, June 7.-One man was
killed and FIVE other persons injured
in a train wreck due to the sinking
of a newly constructed railroad bed
on the st. Paul road near Hazeltine.
The train was travelling ON schedule
time. Suddenly the track sank, throw
ing the engine. baggage car, mail car
and one passenger coach into the
ditch.
NJ Mclaughlin, engineer, was scald.
ed, his left leg broken and he sustain
ed internal injuries. He died at North
western hospital three hours later.
The injured are all expected to recov-
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-06-07
ALL THE CREWS ARE SAVED
Five Vessels Sent to Bottom by Ger.
man Submarines.

Norwich, Eng, June THE trawl.
er Little Boy of Lowestoft has arriv-
ed at that port with the crews of the
trawlers Horace and Economy on
board, these two ships having been
sunk by the Germans.
A German submarine stopped the
three trawlers in the North sea and
gave the crews of the Horace and the
Economy five minutes to board the
Little Boy. After the transfer had
been made the traWlers were sunk by
bombs placed on board by the crew
of the submarine.
The steam drifter Ena May OF
Peterhead, the trawler Strathbran
and the sailing ship George and Mary
all have been sent to the bottom by
German submarines. The crews OF
all three ships were saved.