davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
SOCIAL and PERSONAL
MISS LAPPLEY TO wed
Engagement to Dr. w. J. scheihey An
nounced at Luncheon Given by
Miss Lappley's Mother

At luncheon given Saturday after
noon by Mrs. John Lappley at the home
of Mrs. John NJ Lappley, 2O31 North
Fourth street, announcement was made
of the. engagement of her daughter
| Miss Ruth Lappley, to DIR. William j,
Scheifley, 1924 North Third street.
The table appointments were in pink
and white, with sweet peas as cen.
| terpiece and single rose as place ia.
vors.
| Miss Lappley is the daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. John Lappley, 1900 North
Fourth street. She is graduate of the
Central Hign school, class OF 1913, and
will graduate from the Froebel Kinder
garten Training School this June. She
is teaching at the kindergarten school
conducted at the Bethany mission on
| Herr street.
DR.. Scheifey has been appointed pro-
fessor of dentistry in the Severence
Medical College. Seoal Korea, and will
take up his new work at the coming
fall term. He is graduate of the
Boys Central High school, Philadel,
phia; the Philadelphia Dental College
and Temple University. He is mem
Der of tine Psi Omega Dental Fraternity,
the local and State dental societies and
graduating president of his class at the
Philadelphia Dental College until the
time of the fve-year class reunion.
He has served ON the advisory boards
of several union church movements in
Philadelphia and this, with his expert
ence in rescue mission, Christian En-
deavor and Sunday school work in the
same city, gave him valuable experience
for his new work.
The youn, couple will sail from San
Francisco about August l. Dr. Scheif.
ley will devote his time to the study of
dental photography, several educational
systems. the methods of conducting
charitable institutions and attending a
number of conferences and conventions
before leaving.
Those present were: Miss Maude
Graybill, Mrs. Charles B. Lambert, Miss
Elma Lyter. Miss Ines Miller, Miss
Emma Lorenz, Miss Blanche Sebold,
Miss Ethel Miller, Miss Kathryn Al
dinger, Mrs Geo ge f. Schaum, Miss
Media Woods, Miss Elizabeth Dunn,
Miss Marion Williams, Miss Evelyn
CARRIER, all of Harrisburg; Misses Mar
garet and Grace Rummel of Reading;
Miss Margaret Middleton, of Steelton;
Miss Sarah Muth, Of Hummelstown;
Miss Ruth Lappley, Mrs. John NJ. Lapp-
ley and Mrs. John Lappley.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
BIG PALM SUNDAY CROWDS
Weather Favors Afternoon Paraders on
City's Principal Streets

Favorable weather yesterday brought
out large Palm Sunday crowds and es.
pecially in the afternoon was Market
street thronged by paraders.
In the churches appropriate decora-
tions marked the day and special mu-
sic was sung by ehoirs. The services
were the first of many series of Holy
Week services. In the Presbyterian
churches the period until Easter will
be known as the week of prayer.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
News of Persons
Who Come and Go

| Mrs. William Sourbeer, 1912 Vernon
street, has returned from Bellwood.
Miss Agnes Brenenan and Miss Name
McShea, of MeAdoo, are guests of Mn
and Mrs. John P. Gallagher, 100 Re
gina street.
Miss Jane Dawson, of Philadelphia
| is the guest of the Misses Wilhelm
1706 Green street.
Oscar Feldser, of State College, is
spending the Easter vacation with his
mother, Mrs. J. w. Katz, Cameron ano
Herr street.
Mrs. William Harper, 251 South
Eighteenth street, has returned from
visit to Philadelphia.
Mrs. Wilson Zerby, 1912 Market
street, has returned from visit with
friends in Chambersburg.
Mrs. Z. L. Sanford and daughter,
Miss Helen Sanford, $50 Sylvan Ter
race. are home from Philadelphia.
Mr.. and Mrs. David Kaufman, 1928
North Second street, have returned
from New York.
Harry Cohen, of State College, is
spending the Easter holidays with his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Cahen, Sixth
and York streets.
Mrs. John McCanna has gone to her
home in Columbia after visit with
Mrs. David Boyer, 1900 Derry street.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Rosenberg, 1885
Whitehall street, will spend the Easter
holidays with relatives in Philadelphia
Mrs. Trump and daughter, Miss Bes-
sic Trump, 15 Argyle street, are in Phil
adelphia attending the Williamson
Trade School commencement exercises
George Trump is a member of the grad.
uating class.
Miss Bertha Black, of Chambers
burg, is visiting Mrs. R. Holmes, Eight
eenth and State streets.
Miss Lillian Wolf, of New York,
and Miss Sara Krawan, of Philadel-
phia, have returned to their homes art
er visiting Mrs. NJ. Baturin, 6O9 Boas
street.
Mrs. Mary Freeman, 612 Reilly
months visit with her son and family
at West Chester.
Walter Welch, of Paoli, spent yes
terday with his father, George Welch,
$40 Cumberland street.
Mrs. Joseph Davis, 4O4 North
street, left to-day for visit to Phila.
delphia.
Miss Eleanor R. Miller and Miss
Ruth Rapp, 529 Hamilton street, have
returned from Carlisle where they
attended a house party given by Miss
Effie Hoffman.
Homer Engle, who has been spend.
ing his vacation at his home, 263S
Green street, left to-day to join tne
estate College Thespians' who are
playing "Miss Adam of Eden"
A. E. Fisher, senior at State Col.
lege, is home for his vacation at his
home, 420 Boas street.
Miss Margaret Elder Rankin, a stu.
dent at Miss Baldwin IS school, in Bryh
Mawr, spent Saturday in Harrisburg
en- route to Mercersburg where she will
spend the Easter vacation with her
mother, Mrs. Clarke Rankin, formerly
Miss Jeanette Forster, of this city.
Miss Mary A. Lemer, art instructor
at the Ely school, Greenwich, Conn.
is spending the spring vacation with
her PARENTS, Mr.. and Mrs. Lerue Lemer
213 South Front street.
Miss Helen Wilson, student a,
Swarthmore College, is spending the
spring vacation with her parents, Mr.
and Mrs. Harris B. Wilson, 934 North
Second street.
Albert L. Rhoads, of State College
will arrive Wednesday to spend the
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
SERVICES AT REDEEM Err
Prospective Members of Church tc
Meet Pastor and Council Thursday

Services will be held every night
this week except Saturday at. the Re-
deemer Lutheran church, Nineteenth
and Kensington streets. The subjects
follow:
Monday, "The Cursing of the Fig
Tree Tuesday, "The Judgment
Scene;'' Wednesday, "The House
Beautiful Thursday, Jesus Reject
ed' and Friday, preparatory service,
20 1t Is Finished -
The pastor, the Rev. f. Victor Ro-
land, and the church council will meet
all persons to be received into the
church falowing the Thursday even
ing meeting. There will be reception
Of new members at the Easter morning
service
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
SURPRISE MRS. JOHN FEEMAN
Dinner Arranged in Her Home by Miss
Malone and Mrs. Fishel

dinner was given Saturday even
ing at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. John
A. Feeman, 1915 State street, in com.
pliment to Mrs. Feeman. The affair was
arranged by Miss Bess C. Malone, a
sister of Mrs. Feeman and Mrs. Walter
Fishel, daughter, and was a comp etc
surprise to Mrs Feeman.
Covers were laid for Mr.. and Mrs.
John A. Feeman, the Rev. DIR. and
Mrs. Clayton A. Smucker, Mr.. and
Mrs. John A. Affieck, Findley /. Thorn
as, Mr.. and Mrs. Walter f. Fishel, Miss
Bess C. Malone and Mr.. and Mrs. Ed
ward Malone.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
JEWS AID RELIEF WORK
Start Fund to Help Sufferers of Theil
Race Abroad

Jews of this city at a meeting held
yesterday afternoon at the Kesher
Israel synagogue in the interests of
sufferers of their race abroad, contrib
uted $500 to start local fund for re-
lief work. The money will go through
the National Jewish Relief committee
at New York.
The principal speakes yesterday was
j. Pfeffer, editor of the Philadelphia
"Jewish World.'
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
F0RNEl -BlNkLEl WEDDING
Ceremony Performed by the Rev.
Adam Hollingcr

Lititz, March 29.-Announcement
was made to-day of the marriage of
Miss Gertrude Binkley, of this place,
and Charles S. Forney, of East Peters
burg, the ceremony having been per-
formed February p by the Rev. Adam
NJ. Hollinger at his home in Harrisburg.
The bride is a graduate of the LititI
High school and tas for number of
years been teacher IN this section.
On Easter Sunday a reception will be
rendered the newly-weds and a number
of friends at the home OF the bride.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
BISHOP DARLINGTON CONFIRMS
Admits Three Glasses to Church Mem
bership at Lancaster

Bishop Darlington confirmed three
classes at Lancaster yesterday in st.
James church, 21 persons were con
iirmed at morning services. In the aft
ernoon Bishop Darlington confirmed
six at Yeates school and IL at st.
John IS church at night.
Tomorrow he will conduct ordina-
ticn services in st. Luke s church, AL,
toona. The Rev. Alan Arwel Hughes,
of Trinity church, Jersey Shore, and
the Rev. Frederick Andrew Cooke of
Trinity church, Tyrone, deacons, and
the Rev. K. A. Morrison, a recent grad.
uate of Virginia Seminary, will be or
dained.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
Will Give Lenten cantata

The choir of Zion Lutheran church
will render Lenten cantata, "The
Burden of the Cross. - at the evening
service Thursday ut 7.45. The sooists
Mrs. Edwin j. Decevee, soprano; Miss
Nellie Bennett, contralto; Sherman
Allen, tenor, and Frederick Lutz, bari
tone, will be assisted by a chorus of
forty voices
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
Lerch-Snoddy Wedding

Miss Lucinda V. Snoddy, 81 North
Cameron street, and p. II. Lerch, this
city, were married Saturday at the
manse of the Stevens Memorial Metho-
dist Episcopal church, Thirteenth and
Vernon streets. the Rev. DR.. Clayton
Albert Smucker officiating. Mr.. and
Mrs. Lerch after a short wedding trip,
will be at home IN Harrisburg.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
Literary Note.

must confess tnat don't under
stand Henry James His styiets so In
volved"
"iH tell y"n how to 20 about reading
hin. First run over life insnranc.
policy. After that Henry James will.
seem lucid and clear Pittsburgh
Post.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
Mull-Krull Wedding

Miss Emma Krull, daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. W. B. Krull. 1941 Derry
street and John Null, of Chambers
burg, were married Saturday evening at
the parsonage of the Lutheran Church
Of the Redeemer, thu Rev. +. Victor
Roland, pastor, officiating. Mr.. and
Mrs. Null will reside at 402 South
Nineteenth stree.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
Lutz.Wilson Wedding

Mountville March 29.-Miss Flor.
enee B. Wilson and Walter G. Lutz, of
Lancaster, were married Saturday even.
ing at the parsonage of the Christ Lu-
theran church by the Rev. A. j. Reich.
ert. The ring ceremony was used, and
they were unattended.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
A Veteran.

The chef was interviewing the yonne
mau who had applied for work.
"Have yon had any experience In tho
lunch business e. bp asked.
why. shOnid say so." replied the
energetic youth i've been luchinr
for almost twenty years "-LippiDrott'
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
Invitations for a Dance

Mr.. and Mrs. Henry C. Claster, 2OO1
North Third street, have issued invita-
tions for dance Thursday evening at
Winterdale complimentary to Miss
Clarissa ClasteI, student at Wellesley
College, and hei guests, the Misses
Edith and Phyllis Beekman, of Natchez,
Miss.
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29
Tomato Sead Oil.

The skins and seeds of tomatoes arr
not wasted in Italy. The seeds ars
crushed as source Of oil. while thu
skins are used as stock feed. Cruds
tomato oil is used for lamps and 70,
making soap. while the refined oil Il
said to be edible
The star-independent. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1904-1917, 1915-03-29

here to-day for the wedding of Mis-
Charlotte Adams and Earl Mackenson
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10
At THE COLONIAL.

The NTH of the thrilling Pathe ser
Ees. who PAYS" viii be seen at the
fColonial today This subject is en-
sitled Unto Herself Alone" and deals
with a wayward girl. her defiance of
isOciety's laws and her consequent un-
happiness. The leading roles are
taken by Ruth Roland and Henry
King, who have been popular in other
numbers OF this series. and while the
bCharacters are played by these same
tCapable actors the stories are each
Nomplete in themselves. In the
Blood" a two reel drama. is shown
ron the same program
For Friday Richard Harding Davis
great novel. Captain MaCklin' will
Roe seen. 10 is in four chapters each
1eeming with dramatic situations and
all the parts capably acted. on Sat
urday ~ COnVict'S Honor" a subject
taken from life viii be exhibited and
explained by eN-ConVict Hassel. IL
depicts the honor system OF the ore
Eon penitentiary. The film was writ
ten and produced and is lectured on
ly Mr.. Hassel.
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10

All can be boys and girls again for
day for the circus-Barnum and Bal
ley's very C-vn is again in our midst
One can MUNICH peanuts. drink pink
lemonade, laugh at the antics OF the
clowns, marvel at the spectacular
Lalla ROokh pageant, thrill over the
stunts Of the trapeze performers. and
indulge in all the delectable memories
Of earlier days
With the circus in town, emotions
will be uncOrked, and memory viii
carry grandfathers and grandmothers,
staid business men and dignified
housewives pack 10 the days Of their
childhood, when even the terror of the
ringmaster's whip couldn't stop them
from stealing a peek under the can
vas on the old meadow lot
The parade this morning was wit
messed by thousands. 1t wound its
cOlOrful way through the principal
streets and was a joy and delight.
There were many new features. The
old standbys were all in line. the lum-
bering elephants, with their investi
ating trunks: 20 ponies four abreast.
pulling ii golden chariot; open cages;
tableauX wagons and ornate floats
cowboys. gallant cavaliers and hand
some women all were i'm line.
Hey. Jimmie. look at de tagurs."
Sure enough. there were four tigers
i'm one cage pacing restleSsly 10 and
of so many healthy boys nassing their
barred prison. Two gaunt liOns-each
a lean and hungry Cassius in very
truth, in the cage Immediately follow
ing-Were occupied 1uring The entire
parade in taking a sort of mental
census of the red-cheeked babies lin
ing the route. The trunks of over u
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10

score OF elephants kept weaving in
and out for peanuts.
And there vas the blood sweating
Behemoth OF Holy Writ" which no
doubt perspired more freely than he
ever did before. because his cage was
closed and locked. The small boys
spelled out the words with awe and
then conjured up a picture of a most
fearsOme beast, with horns and a
spiked tail which breathed fire
through the interstices in the painted
boards, and whose appetite was not
to be appeaSed with anything less
than a live calf for breakfast each
morning
Four trains of 50 cars brought the
circus 10 town while yet the morning
was young, and ere the earliest chan
ticleer had chirped his morning ode.
Detraining was accomplished with a
dispatch which caused householders
who have had experience in May day
moving 10 turn green with envy and
the tents-and there are a score of
them-went up as if erected by genii
upon the show grounds The circus
came here from Battle Greek where
performances were given yesterday
and the first train bearing the stables
and mess outfits arrived early this
morning closely followed by the re-
naming three sections of long and
heavy trains.
The first thing upon the circus day
schedule was the street parade Of
this morning scheduled TO leave the
grounds at 10 o'clock and traversing
the principal streets with a long and
colorful display of circus glories.
1t naturally had reminis-
cent flavor, but there was more
and more of everything pertinent To
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10
THE AUDITORIUM.

IN the Days of Famine" a three
part Nitagraph drama with James
Morrison and Dorothy Kelley fea-
tured: the regular issue Of the serial
picture. THE Goddess" with those
two popular players Earl Williams
and Anita Stewart. and the Selig
weekly Of current news. with the In
,dianapOhs automobile races, are the
ATTRACTIONS at the Auditorium today.
Tomorrow George Barr McCutche-
son's story OF love and intrigue. "Grau-
stark, will he the feature, with an
extraordinary cast which includes
Francis Bushman, Beverly Bayne,
Edna Mayo and Bryant Washburn.
The picture is given IN six reels and
IS said 90 follow the story closely.
The book was dramatized some years
ago by Grace Hayward, who started
the dramatization while playing an
engagement here at the Auditorium.
II became a very successful play and
was presented "a number Of times at
both the Auditorium and Oliver. The
picture has only recently completed a
wonderful run at a Chicago loop the
RtcT
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10
WOMEN GIVE FLOWERS
TO JAIL PRISONERS
Members of W. {. T. L. Visit Institu-
ton and Remember Inmates
Find Jail CIeanest i'm State.

4 bouquet Of flowers TO each of the
prisoners at the county jail was the
gift of the South Bend w c. T. u.
Wednesday Six members of the un-
ion visited the Jail during the after
noon and left the flowers. The mem
bers of the party expressed themselves
as being delighted with the cleanli-
ness of the Jail.
An inspection of the Jail was made
this week by representatives OF the
state board of charities accomp panied
by Mrs r. O. Cotton of the Florence
Crittenden circle. This was the an
nual inspection of the board and the
informal report was that the Jail was
nthe best condition of any Jail in
the state.
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10

such a display than heretofore. Many
OF the cages were thrown open and
there was a notable display of fine
horse flesh. There was no tawdri-
ness in appointments or costumes, ev-
erything being bright and clean and a
Neritable eye-feaSt OF irridescent
glamour and grandeur In every re-
spect it was fitting prelude to the
feast of good things the circus folk
promise to disclose beneath the big
top" at the performances at 2 and s
o'clock p. m.
The program starts with spec
tacular pageant descriptive OF Lalla
ROOkh's departure from Delhi. Moore's g
original Lalla was more beautiful than
any Of the heroines whose names and
loves embellished the songs of Persia
and Hindoostan, but the tulip-cheek-
ed princess who will grace the circus
pageant Will be all that and more. 1t
Will be a long, unbrOken line OF splen-
dor that will march around the huge
hippOdrOme oval as the prelude TO the
regular arenic performance. The flow
er strewn arena will be there; the
of saddles: cavaliers in shiny armOr,
and guards with silver battle axes and
their maces of gold.
The elephants. with embroidered
trappings will carry on their broad
backs small turrets containing the
lovely maids in waiting. and Lalla
ROokh will ride by in a litter that will
dazzle the eye with its display of ori-
entil opulence.
Doors opened at ] and Z o'clock.
and tickets. at no advance I'm prices,
can be bought throughout the day at
COOnley's drug store.
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10

AT THE oRPHEUSf.

Beginning today the Orpheum
shows a new bill of vaudeville featur-
ing Bert LaMont and his troupe OF
singing cowboys This act has ap-
peared 10 an advantage in many big
city theaters and was the featured
number With the Alice Lloyd show a
few seasons ago. Lamont is a tenor
singer with a good idea Of comedy.
His support contains some excellent
voices. the stage settings are unique
and elaborate and the act is a novelty.
On the same hill is Dolly and Mack,
in a modern musical turn. RAY Snow,
clever monolO2ist. Mr.. and Mrs.
Frederick Allen in "A comedr sketch.
She Had 10 Tell Him" and Margot
Francois. a Partisan acrobat who does
tumbling on stills with "a comedy
partner.
Beginning Monday Gus Edwards
and his big company in a musical re-
Vue will be seen. The theater remains
open another week on account of be-
ing able 20 secure this unusual at
traction. which was only booked at
the last minute 20 break the com
,pany's Jump from Buffalo 10 Chicago.
Mr.. Edwards is the originator OF the
school act and many vaudeville novel
ties
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10
MOTHER COMES TO RESCUE

LAPORTE. Ind, June 10. Mrs
Anna r. Ward of this city, mother of
Chester G. Ward. held at CrawfOrds-
Vile for the alleged passing of bad
checks. Monday made good the losses
sustained through Wards operations
and secured his release under bond
signed 20 herself. Mrs. Ward gave the
son sound lecture in the court room
following the granting of the release.
Ward was arrested at Charlottesville
May q and sentenced to the Indiana
state reformatOTy, but it was under
stood at the time that the sentence
might be suspended or revoked in
case that the checks Ward passed
there were made good. The LapOrte
man operated in more than a score Of
cities.
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10
STORE HAS $1,000 FIRE
Catalpa ~ Concern Suffers From
Loss by smoke and Water.

Damage c~ourting 20 $1,000 was
Sustained by the stock in the depart
ment store owned by Gross and Gross
AT 1920 Catalpa aV. when "a blaze
broke out I'M the rear OF the store at
O'Clock "Wednesday morning The
alarm was answered los 80. fire sta
zion. central station at that time hay
ing been called 10 fight a blaze on
J.aSalle CT
The fire IS supposed to have started
from defective wiring iu the rear OF
ahe store. The building sustained a
damage OF only $75. the stock suffer
1nE from smoke. fire and water.
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10
RETAIL ADVERTISERS MEET

Members of the Retail Advertising
club met at the oliver hotel last night
and several short talks on the prepa-
ration OF retail advertising copy were
made q. y. Fassett. business mana
ger of The News-Times was a guest of
the club and made a snort talk. The
club will meet the first Wednesday
in the month and a committee was ap-
pointed To secure suitable meeting
place. Several affairs are now being
planned
South Bend news-times., 1915-06-10
Al LIE LAsALLE..

Today the Iasalle shows Robert W.
Services famous poetic masterpiece,
THE Shooting OF Dan McGrew.'
which has been made into FIVE part
motion picture 10y the Popular Plays
and Players company with Edmund
Breese. the powerful dramatic actor.
In the leading role. The Shooting of
Dan NcGreW" tells in ITS own red
blooded. big-man way of the loss of
Jim's wife bv Dangerous Dan Nc
Grew. of his months OF struggle
across the "hat-bcllied" trail and his
finally meeting with Dan McGrew-
the man who stole his wife and he
killed Robert w. Services poems
have long been recognized as the most
potent OF American poetic fiction and
hnclude among others, The Spell of
the Yukon" THE Heart of "a Sour
dough" The Parsons Son" The
Eall of the Wild" etc.
[ on Friday and Saturday the attrac-
Ition will be Americas little sweet
.heart," Mary Pickford, who is now
scaptivating audiences in her splendid
triumph, "FanChOn the Cricket the
latest hve-part production of the Fam
EOus Players Film Co. with this idol
6zed star on the Paramount program.
As Fanchon. Little Mary pOrtrays
the famed role of the lonely, uncOuth
girl OF the woods, who rises above the
f&tHiHloSllN ana tIutltN bl lle Nilld6tlo
who perseCute. until she reaches the
greatest heights that woman can at
ltain-devotion TO her lover and her
supreme sacrifice for his life and hap
lpiness. There are not many dramas
produCed on the stage or screen that
present such a com binatiOn of attrac-
tive qualities as "Fanchon." 1t draws
a true picture Of life under varying
Colors and aspects. But throughout
q hn ri N VI "a
'1he story developes. Mary PickfOrd is
las true to the expectations OF her ad-
lmirers as the character she pOrtrays
As 10 life