davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
DEVEL0PMENTSAT {. CLUB AT EDGEWOOD Work to Begin at Once on Eighteen-Hole Golf
 Course

The development of the club home site section of the Birmingham Motor and Country club on the hilltops on the south side. of the lake will now be pushed to completion since the lake has been fln- ished.
 Work will begin at once on the 18-hole golf course. This will be in charge of a committee from the club members under the chairmanship of a prominent club man and golfer, and a competent golf as- sistant will lay out the course. Great care Is being exercised in order that no error occur, and every move will be made with the knowledge that this golf course will no doubt serve moro players in the years to come than any other course in the south The present driveways will be cherted, and new roadways and drives will be built at once.
 Several boathouses are to be built; the one near the club will care for members boats and boats for rent to members; an- other will be across the lake to suit the convenience of the dwellers in the club sites and another near the car line. There will be competent man to care for these boats.
 The bathing beach, with well-equipped bath houses, will be ready by spring and will care for 2000 bathers at any time. Special attention will be given to making this the ideal place for swimmers and a good teacher and life saver will be present all the time.
 Four tennis courts are now being com pleted, one already completed and In use, the others will be ready in few days
 hA htft of Anr av,6 loIr = a big job and produced big results, giv- ing great big lake to Birmingham. only 314 miles from the heart of the city. The work now starting will keep large force of men busy and will put this club with all the largest clubs in the United States
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
MUSIC HAS WONDERFUL
 EFFECT ON CROWD

He selected Nearer, My God, to Thee which everyone knew, and the most beautiful vocal music that Birmingham has ever been delighted with came from the audience. The organ was drowned in the volume of sound as wave on wave of wonderful harmony rolled from the entrance of the thea tre to the curtain and back again. It was awe inspiring. It made one's blood course through the veins madly. A boy at my side sobbed as he hummed the tune, too full to sing. As the last verse was completed pr. Edmonds sprang to his feet.
 And they say Americans won't sing!" he exclaimed.
 And at his direction they sang the last verse over again, so softly that each could hear his neighbor's voice and distinguish it from the others.
 Nearer, my God to Thee, nearer to Thee,' came the sound as from a great distance, world of voices contribu- ting to the wondrous melody which thrilled one to the core.
 Dr. Edmonds prayed. He asked God s blessing on all present; on the church; on the city; on the state; on the na- tion, and on humanity. He was deep ly moved. and as he read the scrip ture from the third chapter of John, in which Jesus tells Nicodemus, 'Ye must be born again." his hand trem- bled.
 Another song and he began the ser mon. his voice vibrant with feeling. his speech impassioned, his expression that of the lighting mana bull dog'' face, one man called it-a man fighting to save humanity from itself.
 Dr. Edmonds said that the church in many instances needed to be born again. "The church is not commanding men today as the church of 1004 years ago did," he said. T believe Jesus Is moro in the world today than he ever was before. believe that men know more of the mind of Christ than they ever did. But the church Is not com manding men today as 1t should.
 "One reason for this is that we are In scientific age and are thinking for
 (Continued on Page EiEht)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
May Home Burglarized

Mrs. T. A. May, BIOS Thirteenth avenue, north, reported to the police last night that her home had been ransacked by thieves while she was away attending church services. Jewelry. silverware and clothing valued at $3O0 were secured by the thieves The burglars gained access to the house by climbing to the roof of the rear porch and prizing open 2 bathroom window.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
Russian Cavalry Active

London. November IA Reuter- dis patch from Petrograd says: "In the region of Czartorysk bodies of Rus- sian cavalry from 500 to 1000 strong have been very active in attacking German infantry attachments in vari- ous localities east of Kovel These op- erations have resulted recently in the capture of 2000 prisoners.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
GREAT BILL AT
 LYRIC THIS WEEK

The Lyric will present another one of it's big time vaudeville bills this week, headed by Ideal. the champion diver and swimmer of the world, with eight other high class acts. The ladies especially will be interested in Miss Ideal. the perfect woman, and the matinee today will bs crowded with tho fair sex.-Ady.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
MRS. MOTTE MARTIN
 TO LECTURE TODAY
Returned Missionary from Africa To Speak at South Highlands Pres
 byterian Church

Mrs. Motte Martin, returned mission ary from Africa, wi'l speak to the women of the South Highlands Presbyterian church at the church on Highland ave- nue this afternoon. Her lecture will be- gin at o'clock.
 Announcement Is made that cordial invitation is extended to All.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
At The Photoplay Houses

Strand-From 10 a. m. to 3 p. nl., My Valet" four-reel farce-comedy of the brand, with Raymond
 Hitchcock. Mabel Normand and Mack Bennett. From p. m to Ii p. m., Doug lass Fairbanks in ''The Lamb,' a Tri- bngle-Fine Arts feature, directed by D. w. Griffith. Trianon-Harry Mestayer and Grace parmond in The House of a Thousand Eandles.'
 Princess-Nell Curtis in "On the Little Mill Trace" Odeon One-William Spencer in "The Emuggler's Cave'' Odeon Two-Ernest Glendenning in The Seventh Noon.''
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
BELOVED PASTOR
 THRILLS HEARERS
 BY HIS ELOQUENCE

Breaches From Christ's Words to Nicodemus, "Ye Must Be Born Again. Ap- plying It By Saying That Many Things Need To Be Changed-Music Wonder full Part of Service
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
By ELLIS c. HoLLuMs


 The most enthusiastic church serv- ices in Birmingham since the Gipsy Smith revival were held last night by the Independent Presbyterian church of Birmingham in the Strand theatre, and the OdeOn Two theatre, each of these playhouses being crowded to the doors, and the Salvation Army holding services for the overflow on Second avenue, about halfway between the two theatres.
 Dr. Henry M. Edmonds preached at the Strand theatre, and Dr. William B. Holmes, associate pastor of the church, preached at the Odeon Two.
 At o'clock the Strand was comfort ably filled with people, although the services were not due to start until 8 o'clock. At 7:10 every available seat was taken and the crowd had begun to range itself along the sides of the building, filling every available nook where one could stand. At 7:30 every possible standing point had been occu- pied and still the crowds came. Ushers were stationed at the doors to turn the tide of swarming humanity to the Odeon Two. This was filled long be- fore o'clock and the Salvation Army had crowd that filled the entire half- block between the two theatres.
 Emile Levy rendered selections on the Strands huge organ from 7:15 un- til o'clock, when the services were begun by pr. Edmonds, who asked the congregation to join the choir in
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
TWO THEATRES UNABLE TO HOLD CROWD WHICH BLOCKS TO HEAR

First Meeting In City of h. dependent Presbyterian h-Tremend0usSuc- Strand and Odeon Two damned, While Sal vation Army Holds Serv- ices For 300 of Those Turned Away
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08

At The Theatres For Birmingham" dinner at the Tut
 |wiler hotel. Lyric-Keith vaudeville. Matinees at P:S0 D. m. Evenings at 7:30 and g p. m. Majestic-Dalvine the hypnotist. Mati-
 bees at 2:so p. m. Evenings at 7:So and m. rpheum-Burlesque Matinees at 2:30
 D. m. Evenings at 7:3o and p. m.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08
TODAY'S EVENTS
At The Theatres

For Birmingham" dinner at Tutwiler t 7:90 o'clock.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-11-08

tContinued on Page EiEht)
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
[AdditionaI Telegraph Dispatches On Pace q

ing. The inspection takes place at
Hilo today. 1t has been definitely de-
cided that the Great Northern VIII
dock at Pier s. The AID Club. Cham
Der of Commerce and Promotion Com
mittee have arranged everything for
the reception of the visitors. and all
committeeman will wear badges.
The Ad Club has neat design for
badge on which Is written: Ask Me,
I Live Here" It is expected that
there will be at least 200 on the com
mittee for the three organizations. The
reception committee win give infor.
nation on all questions at the dock.
The Great Northern was to have ar
rived at Hilo this morning ats o'clock,
but up to this afternoon no wireless
advices of her arrival had been re-
ceived here. The big Hill liner leaves
Hilo at midnight tonight and Ii due
here at 10 tomorrow morning.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
HAWAIISTOGKS
PAY $500,
in FIVE MONTHS
Disbursements for November
Reach Total of $795, 1925,
Say Exchange Records

Seven hundred and ninety-five
thousand, one hundred and twenty
five dollars-this Is The neat sum that
was paid out during the month OF No.
yember to stockholders in the various
sugar stocks and industrial and public
service corporation stocks that are
listed on the Honolulu Stock Ex
change. These figures are compiled
from local change sheets.
For the last FIVE months dividends
thus paid amount to $5,234,9S4, as fol
lows: July, $S79,725; August, SLIGO.
265; September, $1,119, ,704; October
81, ,280, ,165; and November, $795, ,125.
Following are the payments for the
month of Novembers
Haiku, $4,000; Paia, $22,500; Ke-
kal1a, $4,000; Pioneer, $4,000; Wal.
mea, $2500; Koloa, $500; Hawaiian
Commercial. 100000; Honomu, $11.-
ESQ; Hutchinson, $4,000; Paauhau,
$50. 900; WailukH, $4,000; Oahu Rail.
way & Land Company, $3z, 500; Ha,
waiian Sugar. $4,000: Pepeekeo, $4S,.
$50; Waialua, $4,000: Oahu, $4,000;
Onomea, $4,000; Hawaiian Agricul-
tural, $4,000; Alexander & Baldwin,
$4,000; Hawaiian Electric, 10000;
Eva, $4,000; C. Brewer & Company,
$4,000; Honolulu Brewing & Mailing
Company, $500; Inter-Island Steam
Company. $16S75; Kahu-
ku, $4,000; Hawaiian Pineapple Com
pany. s8759; Honolulu Gas Company,
preferred, $3.50; Honolulu Gas Com
pany, common. $3.50. Total, $795,125.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
JAMES {. BOYLE
IS FINED $3.50
FOR GAMBLING
Pleads Guilty to Charge; Judge
MonSanat Says Public
Opinion Makes Law
CONTINUED on Page 81

In line with previous. fines oi
$3.50 and $500 imposed on men
who were players in the game OF
poker raided in room 10, New Allang.
ton hotel, the night of November IL,
Judge Monsarrat this morning imposed
q fine of $3.50 on James E. Boyle, after
hearing the evidence of two out of
six witnesses which the prosecution
had on hand.
Boyle pleaded guilty as he an
nounced some days ago he would do,
but when Prosecuting Attorney
Charles F. Chillingworth asked for a
fine Of $3.50 his attorney, r. j.
O'Brien, entered strenuous objection.
Mr.. O'Brien said the charge against
Boyle was only playing in game and
he should not be punished as heavily
as Corbett or johnson. who had testi-
fed they conducted the game.
Neither Corbett or Johnson ever
testified that they conducted the
game, Chillingworth said. Neither
of them ever took the witness stand
They pleaded guilty to playing in a
game of poker, and as there were
marked cards, automatic guns and
Sucn Jn1ngS IN tue fOoul, lney WeTe
heavily fined.
Modified First Charge,
Il do not see why Boyle should be
let OF easier than the others We
asked that the charge of conducting
and maintaining game which was
first made be modified, and now we
ask that Boyle be fined the same as
Johnson"
Judge Monsarrat told O'Brien that
his client would either have to accept
a $3.50 fine or the court would listen
to evidence, as the prosecution had
suggested, so the degree of the offense
could be determined.
Under the law relating to gambling
/ can fine this defendant anything
from one cent to $1,000" Judge Mon
Sarrat said. "aIid in fixing fine
-
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
WARN EVERETT CHIEF
OF POLICE TO WATCH
FOR MAN WANTED HERE

The chief Of police of Everett,
Wash. has been notified by the she
riff here TO arrest Andrew Haialu,
sailor. who Is alleged to have commit
ter q criminal assault on 14-year-old
All Sing Leon. 3 Chinese school girl.
last Thursday, near the McBryde
plantation, on Kauai The morning
following the crime Haialu sailed on
the KohaIa from Port Allen and an
effort to overhaul the vessel at sea
by officers in steam launch failed.
Information of the assault on the
little girl was sent to the attorney
general in Honolulu, and either the
sheriff or deputy will go to Everett
to bring back Halalu IL he is arrested
there.
After meeting the little girl on the
road with several other children,
whom he frightened away, tits charg-
ed, Halalu went to Port Allen, where
Policeman Hanapepe got him job
on the boat Haanpepe was suspend
ed when it was learned he shipped
Halalu away.
q aEsa g EE saz zRasEs Z
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
SOLDIER BURIED
ALNEIN PASS
BY LANDSLIDE
Private cIifford Hinman, Bat
-tery D, 1st| Field Artillery,
Killed a KoIe K0Ie
COMRADES WORKING At
REScU 6 HEAR GR0ANS
Falling Earth Bank Catches
One, Hurts Second, Nearly
Covers Army Wagon

Especial Star -Bullefin Correspondence
SCHOFIEIsD BARRACKS, Dec. o.
Pvt Clifford Hi6man OF Battery D
LIST Field ARTILLERY. met his death al
Schofleld yesterday by being buried
alive under a landslide near Kole Kolr
Pass.
Hinman and three others from Bat
terry d were out with wagon to get a
load of dirt for the repair of stalls in
the D Battery stables A bank OF
earth had been found in one of the
ravines near the pass where q strats
of especially suitable soil could be OBJ.
tanned. So much dirt had been taken
from this bank in the past that II had
become nearly 20 feet high and some.
what undermined
About 3 o'clock enough dirt had
been picked out to Ill the wagon. Hin.
man and Pvt, Charlie Woodard were
loading the wagon, when the whole
bank gave way. Woodard san the
bank move. grabbed for Hip1nan to
throw him out Of danger, but missed
him and diyed under the wagon.
Woodard was partly covered, as was
also the wagon, and had his shoulder
dislocated Hfnman was buried under
seven feet Of earth
Dug IN Wrong Place.
The other two men; Privates Shep.
pard and Cooper dug like mad to un.
cover Hinman. and were assisted by
the injured Woodard as much as. his
permitted. Several times
they heard Hinn11f grnan.
Altar n fn1fHfIf -, <t-n1tIf IN ~ f6ffnd'
they had been digging n the wrong
place, and a. Wo0dard could be of
little assistance they sent him for
help. Woodland soon met an autoino-
bile, and word was quickly gotten
back to the post IN regard to what
had, happened It was not long before
two automobile loads OF men with
shovels. and . hospital ambulance
were at the scene OF the accident.
Hinman was uncovered after being
buried for almost. an hour. Artificial
was attempted for fully an
hour by Major Eugene H. Hartnett,
he attending surgeon. without avail
Hinman was not quite 21 years of
lge. He enlisted at Columbus Bar
'acks. Ohio. May %. 1915, and was as.
signed to Battery d August 13 last
He has proved very popular among
Ifs comrades. and has made an ex-
.ellent soldier.
His fathers home Is at 2036 Ralston
venue, Indianapolis.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
men IN TRENCHES
LAUGH And CRY
AS BULLETS sing
Lance Corporal S. Wall, of Fiji
Contingent, is Going Home
With Crippled Arm
WOUNDED FIVE TIMES By
FIRE OF MACHINE GUNS
Only Six of 81 Men Who Left
Suya Known to Be Alive, 40
are Known to Be Dead

Coming back from the front. some
where in Flanders, with scars OF five
separate machine gun wounds in his
body, Lance Cpl. s. Wall of the 4tli
Kings Royal Rifles, and one Of the
few surviving members Of the first
Fiji contingent Of SIS mer that passed
through Honolulu last January on the
way to the war, is passenger on the
steamer Niagara, which docked here
for few hours today.
Briefly but viyidly Cpl. Wall told
his story today to representative Of
the Star-Bulletin, who found him at
lunch, shortly before the big liner sail
ed this afternoon
There were 56 CT us passed
through Honolulu last January, he
said .reminiscently, sandAof that num-
Der 40 are known to have been killed.
Ten others cannot be, accounted for
and are supposed to be lost. Six Of
us are still alive, but five of the six
are In hospitals. am out Of the
war with this arm.
1t was q machine gun that got me
for the i've cracks on May "a. The
shot that put me down when we made
the charge was the one here" and the
corporal held up a stiff LETT arm, point
ing to where tie bullet has entered
his wrist and coursing upward come
ont near the elbow. It's little stiff,
you see, and the doctors say It viii
stay that way.
Ptrfect Spray of Fire. =
The crack "a the arm. explains
WalI, rnas the last OF the iiye which
hit me. One Just before had cracked
1 RIB, and three had entered my thigh,
but none Of these got me down, and l
didn't feel them suppose It was 9
perfect spray Of fire from the machine
guns from the way men were falling
about me. We had left the trenches
after the artillery had swept the
Darbed wire entanglements down. and
we're making pretty charge on the
Germans. was picked up later and
taken to the hospital after the firing
had died down.
Corporal Wall says he has seen men
yet in various ways under fire. Some
lines they laugh at the bullets thud-
ling here and there about them, and
sometimes they cry, he says 1t all
fFonfinued IN Pare 5l
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
HILL liner IS
LATEDOCKING
AT BIG ISLAND
Arrives at 1892 and Will Sail
for HonoluIu on Schedule
Time at Midnight
Especial Star Bulletin Mutual Wire
less1

Especial Star Bulletin Mutual Wire
less1
HILo, Dec. with bands playing,
and HiIo harbor dotted with launches
and sampans, many Of them filled with
orientaIs in picturesque costumes, the
Hill liner Great Northern came into
the bay this morning and doeked at
kuhio wharf at 1882 o'clock. just one
hour and 90 minutes behind her sched-
uied time.
The welcome accorded to the visit.
ors by the Hilo Board Of Trade was
greatly appreciated, and the visitors
were later escorted to the station Of
the HiIo railway, where they took
train for the end Of the line 40 the
first lap Of their journey to kiIaues-
From the end Of the line the trip will
be made by automobile to the crater.
The Great Northern, which sails
from here at midnight tonight, will
reach Honolul uon schedule at 10 to
morrow morning. She carries 154
first cabin passengers for Honolulu.
so second cabin and "a steeraae. Six
passengers left the ship here. The
cargo for Honolulu 10 1000 tons Of
freight and 200 sacks Of matt.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
INVITES
Army And navy
MEN TO ATTEND
Evangelist Sets Aside Saturday
Evening of This Week as
Enlisted Mems Night"

~ ~. ~ f
= 7onisht', proorsm.
1:15 p m E1apgelists win !
= neet> xlth = N & A might
school students in association
building. !
1880 b. m Service In Central !
= Union church Address BY Evan !
= gelist Brown on subject Judge
y Lot and the Lot Family. Spe- !
\ cial music by augmented choir !
\ with C.. p. Curry. soloist leading !
Tomorrow's Program. :
\ $50 a. m.- Evangelist Brown
y and Soloist Curry Will visit Mills
= school Address and singing =
= 1890 q. m.-Address in Gen. I
trail Union church by Evangelist !
= Brown on subject, Can the Mod 1
= ern Man Pray?" Service of spe- I
= cial prayer.
= TAO p. M Service in Central 4
= Union church. Address byfEvan- 4
= eelist Brown on subject. sUn-
y clean Lips. Special music.
''To the men OF the Army and Navy
General Sheridan once said to Gen
eral Porter that he never entered {
battlefield without the feeling that hs
would rather die than retire from tht
battlefield IN defeat. It was this dar
fContinued on Page ~
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
FOUR X SUBMARINES
SAIL OUT FOR TESTS;
TO BE GONE 4s HOURS

z At 10:30 this morning the sub ]
= marines ks, K-4, XII and KS J
4 sailed out to sea from their base !:
= at Pearl Harbor for a run which ,
z win end Saturday morning, when j
= they are to return after 48 hours .
Z of tests under various conditions. .
< Lieut. Joseph v. Ogan, command ]
er of the fiotilla, is with the J
4 boats. :
z On the runs the boats will be J
Z tested under water and on top. J
Z Preliminary runs have been made
z by the various boats for some J
Z time. No news is expected of the
Z fiotilla until the boats return /:
Z from sea Saturday. )
< .
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
John NAPIER DIES

Especial star Bulletin wirslessJ
HILo, Dec. 2.-Jchn Napier. = resi-
dent Of Hawaii, with hrs home on the
Volcano road, died suddenly In HlIo
last night.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
Postmaster W. F.
Young May GiUe
Up Office Soon
Reported Transfer to Former
Mainland Position Arranged;
Change Made on Account Of
Wife's Health
Especial Star-Bulletin Gable. ]

l0BOlALl 0toA-10AACtAn O0UAC.y
WASHINGTON, .. c., Dec. 2.--lt ID
authoritativeIy stated here that Post
master William =. Young Of Honolulu
expects to reIInqulsh his Office early
next year, returning to his former In
speetorship In the postal service. : The
reason assigned 10 that Of his wife's
health. She 10 now on the mainland.
G. S. ALBERT.
Postmaster Young, when seen today
by Star Bulletin representative. said
that he has not been notified Of any
impending change.
II Is well known that Mrs. Youngs
health has suffered In Hawaii and she
returned to the mainland to recuper-
ate Several months ago 4 was rumor-
ed that II a suitable transfer were ar.
ranged BY the postofice department,
Mr. Young would leave Hcnoluiib as
II was improbable Mrs. Young could
return here.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
Shin Losses of British Given Out

LONDON England Dec 1.-THE London Board Of Trade r.
port today shows campaign losses follows
Fifty-three British sunk 643 lives lost 80 sailing
sells SUNK six lives lost.
Junk by striking mines.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
PANAMA CANAL
SLIDES AGAIN

/ TAssoeiated Press by Federal 'WireIessI
WASHINGTON, D. c., Dec. i.-Gen.
George w. lGoethsls said today that Il
Is impossible TO predict when the Pan
anna canal will be reopened. THE
slides are continuing.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02

The British torpedo boat destroyer
Louis was stranded and wrecked In
the eastern Mediterranean, the British
Admiralty announced The crew was
saved.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
FOURTH SON Is BORN
TO EMPRESS OF JAPAN

I ASSOCIATED Press by Federal Wireless
TOXIC, Japan, Dec. 2.-The empress
today gave birth to . boy, her fourth
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
China DENIES Report of Alliance

PEKING China Dec "a formal denial issued BY e.
government today that China has been
to become Of the Entente that China has cono
cred the possibility of joining the Allies
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-12-02
Italy VIII Stand By Her Allies

ATHENS Greece Dec Italy has formally given her adne
to the Entente Allies under which no member
conclude separate peace with the enemy