The Sentinel=record., 1915-04-16
PACKERS MONEY
 TAKEN AS BRIBE
PAID TO CHARITY WORK TO Dl VERT ATTENTION FROM REAL
 SOCIAL EVILS.
Interesting Deductions Are Made Be.
 fore the Commission on Industrial
 Relations Making Its Investigation.

Chicago, April 15.-The majority of teachers of sociology in schools and colleges are unfit for the reason that their knowledge comes through books rather than practical experience, ac- cording 10 testimony given before the United States commission on indus trial relations today by Prof. J. c. Kennedy, teacher of economies at the University of Chicago, and last week elected an alderman on the socialist ticket
 Before coming to Chicago the wit ness was a teacher at Cornell, and identified himself as a practical so- biologist by stating that he made a social survey of the packing industry in 19l0-lt for the University of Chi cago Settlement
 His report of facts of the invesuga. ton was published in 1911, but an editing committee of the Settlement consisting Of it's directors, declined to publish his interpretation and conclu- sions" based on the facts.
 DO the packers contribute to the support of the University Settle ment?' asked Frank P Walsh, chair man of the commission.
 "I think Armour & Co pay the ex. penses of head nurse in that de partment of the Settlement ,' replied the witness. Answering another question, he said:
 T think that rich men and corpo- rations contribute to charities. settle ments and other so-called welfare propositions to divert public attention from the real evils of society" Prof. Kennedy's survey was accom- plished by permission of the packers. An attorney for Armour x Co.,, to whom, by private agreement, the manuscript was submitted, wrote to the editing committee that the facts established by the investigator were accurate, but that his conclusions, that low wages were at the bottom of all the evils of the existence of the unskilled labor at the yards and that the labor union offered the only solu- tion, went beyond the bounds agreed to when the books were opened to his inspection
 Unskilled labor at tle yards at the beginning was English and German now it is largely Slavonic. the witness said. His testimony tended 10 show that large numbers of these uulet- tered laborers had been lured to this country for the purpose of providing an over-supply of labor In any event, the supply was always greater than the demand, and the workers re- ceive an average of $10 to SIP a week when steadily employed, which most of them, he said, are not. He used Armour X Co as an illustration, he said, because J. ogden Armour is to testify tomorrow and he wished to be fair, but conditions at the Armour plant, he said, were typ.cal
 The low wages carry in their train insanitary conditions, child labor and a high mortality rate, he said Of the deaths in the stock yards district, he said 90 per cent Were due 10 tu- berculosis. The expenes of the aver age unskilled workers family. he de- clared, were shown by his invesuga- ton to run $500 a year beyond abso- lute requirements Thus children and wives were sent out to make up the deficit or boarders were taken in
 T was forced to trace every one of these evils to inadequate compensa- tion,' the witness said In the period l896-1904 the workers at the stock yards succeeded in forming al organ-I ization and obtained a raise in pay In 1904, however, further raise wasi demanded and refused and strike resulted. The union was crushed. The packers said that they did not object to uuionism, but to the ire. sponsible heads of the union they had to deal with. However, 1t remains to be noted that when not only the lead. CTS, but the union itself were crushed. wages decreased one and two cents an hour for unkilled labor"
 The hearing regarding conditions among commercial telegraphers was completed in the forenoon.