davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1915-07-04

1000 troops and the expenditure of
$4,000 for defense.
Gov. Davis of Massachusetts vigorous
ly applauded the resistance of the
daughter State and declared that mot a
| rood of barren heath or rock should be
yielded to any unfounded claims made
by Canada Congress. too. rushed val
liantly to the 'front.' voting $1,000 men and
$40 100000
Even the Duke of Wellington shifted
afar that smokeless and bloodless Aroo-
stock war in 1889. and gravely debated it
In the House of Lords. No fewer than
seventeen regiments of British redcoats
were massed in Canada and no less a
warrior than Gen. Winfield Scott took
the field on the American side. but only
to arrange an armistice. When the war
cloud thus had been rolled away. Lord
Ashburton came to Washington in 1912
and with Daniel Webster. then Secretary
OF State. the compromise line that now
defines the New England and Canadian
frontier was drawn.
"64.4O or Fight"
In no other national political campaign
in 100 years has an international question
been made so prominent as in the Presi-
Dental election of 1874. when the Demo-
Gratis not only went before the country
on tne issue OF the TednneNatlOn OF
Texas, but also raised the memorable
and alliterative cry of $40 or fight"
Those numerals. which expressed In de-
grees of latitude the northwest boundary
claimed by Americans. rolled of the glib
tongues of the stump orators as smooth
ly as '16 to T. in another campaign. fifty
years afterward.
But In the sequel It was proved that
questions between nations cannot be set
tied on the stump. For although 40
or fight" won at the polls with a hurrah.
President Polk. who had been elected on
that issue. promptly knocked of several
degrees OF latitude and accepted the 18th
as the boundary on the Pacific between
the United States and the British pos
sessions.
The London government. on the other
hand. had been equally liberal in reduc-
ing its pretensions, which, II they had
been established. would have brought
most of the present States Of Oregon
and Washington under the cross Of 81.
George. On the contrary, II the United
States had established It's line At $40
British Columbia today would be q star
in the American nag. which would wave
over an uninterrupted American line
from San Diego to Boring Strait.
have recalled the fact that The War
The Washington herald., 1915-07-04
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though violent dissension. The first
American policy proclaimed to the ma
tions. the Declaration of Independence.
was opposed by nearly if not quite half
the people who were yet Tories.
1t may be to some an interesting coin
cidence that when it became necessary
for the United States to take the first
momentous step in foreign affairs. the
adoption of neutrality in the war be-
tween France and England in 1893. the
Secretary of State disagreed with the
President and therefore Washington did
not call upon Jefferson to write the proc
lamation. After it had been issued and
become the declared policy of the gov
eminent. one of .efferson's appointees
in the department continued in his news
paper virulently to denounce it and the
President. Some of the attacking arti-
cles were attributed to the pen of the
Secretary. who after a few months. es-
saped from his trying situation in the
Cabinet by resignins and retiring to Mon
ticello.
The next event in the foreign relations
of the United States was the negotiation
of the Jay treaty with England in 1874.
and that brought on the widest dem
onstrations of opposition that any dip
lomatic policy has excited. John Quincy
Adams said that nothing else ever had
"convulsed to its Utmost fibers the po-
litical associations of the North Ameri-
can people with such excruciatins
agonies." Jefferson described the treaty
as IAN execrable thing" and declared
that its sponsors had left their hair in
the lap of the harlot England"
A great uproar,s which started at a
Boston town meeting in Faneuil Hall.
rolled down the coast to Charleston.
When Hamilton, at q street meeting in
New York. attempted to defend the
transaction. he was stoned and. with a
bleeding face, fed the scene. One efigy
Of Jay was set up. with q bag Of British
gold in his hand. and other effigies Of
the negotiator were hanged or burned.
Fastening from Mount Vernon to meet
the storm in the capital. Washington on
his arrival at Philadelphia made the
painful discovery that even his intimate
and trusted friend. Randolph. his Secre
tary Of State. was secretly opposing the
ratification OF the treaty. A letter from
the French minister 70 his government.
which q British man-of-war had cap
tured at sea and forwarded to the Brit
ish minister at Washington. was theI
The Washington herald., 1915-07-04

teen and seventeen years ago, and he
seems now to be drawing a distinction
as fine as that which Senator Hoar fall
ed to see at the time OF the Spanish
treaty. He does not oppose President
Wilson. Indeed. he warmly indorses the
Presidents purpose. Yet he left his side
and resigned as Secretary Of State, to
go before the country avowedly with the
aim of inducing or compelling him to
alter his course. The scornful might say
that this is metaphysics but that it u
not politics.
Still. even il Mr. Bryan has launched q
lighter-than-air issue. it must be con-
coded that he has proved himself in the
past the most daring political aviator in
America. Nor is he without prophetic
gifts.
At any rate he heralds himself as the
evangel of peace rather than Of war, and
1t is rare indeed for a man to take the
stump to keep the country out Of a war.
Secretaries of State have left the Cabi-
net before this. and often political lead
ers have lifted up their voices to criti-
else the foreign policy Of Presidents, but
seldom IL ever in the interests Of peace.
The outs. or the opposition. are only
The Washington herald., 1915-07-04

Madison was feebly trying to keep the
country out of it. factions struggled to
push it into the conflict Finally the
War Hawks in Congress. as the party
of bellicose patriots was called. swept
the halting President and the unready
nation into the strife on the flowing cur
rent of Henry Clay's youthful eloquence.
How badly the country was divided,
the vote in Congress on the declaration
of war shows. A large minority in the
House stood up to be counted against it,
and at last the war was declared by only
six majority in the Senate. where a
change of three votes would have meant
peace. This division. so far from disap-
pearing when the war actually began.
persisted in the very presence of an in
vading foe and threatened to end in the
disruption of the Union.
Massachusetts and Connecticut refused
to contribute troops in response to the
Presidents call and the British reward
ed their abandonment of the national
cause by specifically exempting the
ton of blockade. Vermont elected an
anti-war governor in the September fol-
lowing the opening Of the war and he
did what he could to obstruct the Amer
lean operations along the neighboring
Canadian border.
Van Buren's Break.
Yet somehow that unhappy War Of
1872 marks the end of a disagreeable
period in American history. when many
Americans still were Europeans or CO.
lonials. And it marks the beginning of
q more robust sentiment of nationality.
For its lack of sympathy with the ma
tional cause in the struggle. the Federal
list party was buried beyond resurrection
and the co-called ERA of good feeling"
succeeded an era Of fierce but dreary
factional strife. Thereafter the citizen of ]
the republic was more nearly to match |
the ideal outlined by Daniel Webster:
He 10 to have no objects in his eye but |
American objects and no heart in his |
bosom but an American heart"
Webster drew that picture for the pur- |
pose Of contrasting and censurinE the |
conduct Of Martin Van Buren, In his ne |
gotiations with England. As Jacbson's |
Secretary Of State, Van Buren, was an |
xious to reopen the question Of the West ]
Indian trade which had become involved |
in Q diplomatic deadlock between the |
British government and the administra-l
ton Of Jackson's predecessor, John Qutn-
cy Adams. In his anxiety to composeI
the differences -thativexed the commercsS
The Washington herald., 1915-07-04

too likely to be belligerent In their
patriotism and to censure a President.
weighted down with the responsibilities
of office. for not going faster and far
ther. If Mr., Bryan. with his unequaled
power of appeal. should be able to start
a popular campaign for moving slowly
and cautiously. he will do both the Pres
ident and the country a highly useful
service that has been lacking In other
crises.
The Americans do not believe in war.
They never have believed in war or in
trying to settle any question by stirriAg
it up with a sword. Yet in the course
of their national existence. they have
had as many wars as any other nation
of Christendom In the same period Of
time. They were pushed into them or
jostled into them by the needless strife
of partisanship. v0N
This was VIGOROUSLY SO In 1872 and In
the Mexican War. while the Spanish
War was precipitated by a political scuf-
fe to force the Presidents hand" And
whenever the problem Of slavery was
taken out Of morals. economics and evo-
luton. and dragged into politics. North
and South. the slow match was lighted
for civil war.
The Political Peril.
That this Is the most imminent peril
now. the peril OF being pushed into the
war. Is instinctively recognized at each
critical juncture when men sigh with
relief because Congress Is not In ses-
sion. Not that Congress is any less pa
triotic or any more bloodthirsty than the
rest of the country. but because It IL the
favorite arena for the game Of politics.
where In a rivalry to Guido one another
there always Is danger Of man and par
ties flashing themselves into a blind fury.
The Washington herald., 1915-07-04
Puzzled by Mr.. Bryan.

When Mr.. Bryan resigned his post as
Secretary of State. in the midst of
crisis in foreign affairs and straightway
began to debate before the world the
foreign policy of the United States
many americans were shocked by the
SPECTACLE. but the Germans appear to
have been dumfounded by it. Their be-
wiidered editors Cravely pondered the
astonishing news, but it seems to pass
all understanding among them. They
have struggled hard. but have been ut
terlv unable to imagine a situation in
which a Won Bethman Hollwegg should
',uit the CHARACTERISTIC. or a Won Jagow
The foreign office. to take the stump
TO. discussion of the kaisers conduct
toward foreign governments.
Some Of Mr.. Bryan's own countrymen
Mere so confused by his sudden outburst
: to denounce it un-American. 1t is
really very American; that is just why
il is so nComprehensible to the Ger
mans If it is not one of the virtues
this sort of thing is one of the penalties
of democracy
The Washington herald., 1915-07-04
Unanimity Undemocratfc

tnanimity and deCorum are not demo-
cratic ideals. And silent self-repression
j.; not a democratic habit.
Tine English have had occasion enough
TO chide American statesmen and writ
"rs for a lack of retiCence in their dis
CUssion of International questions. But
the English themselves lately saw their
ministers take their critics into the cabi-
net to keep them retiCent. To the same
end. the French ministry has undergone
two noiseless revolutions since the war
began.
An autocraCy can hut democracy
cannot be minded. Before the Brit
ish were democratized. their aristocracy
seldom were unanimous even in the face
of a foreign enemy. There were many
noble dissenters in Parliament when the
government was desperately struggling
against the loss of a great empire in the
american Revolution, and schoolhouse
walls echo the American schoolboy's
defamation of the Earl of Chatham's
Never, Never! Never
Charles James Fox owes his high fame
to forty years of opposition to George
III. In all the twenty-five years of war
fare with the French revolution and en-
rre. there was an outspoken minority in
England. which stood steadfastly for
TeaCe. On the very eve of Waterloo
there were still seventy votes in the
House of Commons against war.
Nor can Americans forget the brave
and generous spirits in England, Golden
and Bright foremost among them, who
opposed their government In its hostile
attitude in the civil war and in the
darkest hours championed the cause of
the Union.
The stop the War" agitation in the
recent Boer war is fresh in memory The
war was not stopped. but the British
nation at the next election turned out
the war party and placed in power some
of the most vigorous agitators for peace,
who proceeded as far as they could to
restore the conquered land to the con-
quered people under a charter of self
government such as Canada enjoys.
An Unpleasant Chapter.
In every crisis. in their foreign no
less than in their domestic affairs, the
American people have freely enjoyed the
democratic privilege of quarreling among
themselves. Happily. that privilege is
even less abused now than in earlier i!
times, when the quarrels were not al
ways honorable or patriotic. For when
the nation was in its infancy and men |
differed as to policies. they sometimes SO
far forgot that they were Americans as
to seek the aid OF foreigners and for
eign governments.
Members Of Washington's Cabinet held |
with the representatives of other ma
lions confidential relations that now
would be as shameful as they are un-
known The first President dismissed his
Secretary Of State. Edmund Randolph.
The Washington herald., 1915-07-04
By JAMES MORGAN.

MIR. Morgan today takes mp a qucs-
ton that IL on the lips of the people
Can America Keep Out OF the Wars
and, by showing how the country
In the past has been pushed into wars,
turns upon 1t the warning light of the
nations experience.
Another sketch in this series OF war
articles will be published next Sunday.
The Washington herald., 1915-07-04

~ HERE is furious whirlwind off
the coast of Norway. which long
- was supposed to suck into its un-
fathomed depths any craft that ventured
near This is called Maelstrom and al
though now it is known TO be hardly
more than 100 feet deep and that it may
be navisated with safety by the prudent,
its name continues to be a synonym of
peril.
A world war is human maelstrom.
1t is perilous to all who approach it i'm
prudently; yet it is possible for a nation
to sail over it in security if only it will
steer its course carefully.
Some nations seem to have plunged
into the vortex of this world war today.
Others. however. seem to have been
helplessly sucked into it, while still 9TH
ers seem to have been pushed into it. AS
Americans have watched eleven nations.
one after another, caught in the eddying
current no question has been oftener on
their lips than this: Can the United
States keep out of the war" They have
no thought that their country WILL with
OXEN eyes choose to leap into the con-
fiict. Their darkest fear is that they
may be drawn into it by causes outside
themselves and by circumstances beyond
their control.
But they need to take care as we'll lest
they be pushed into it by forces within
themselves For it is exceedingly dan
Icrous to rock the boat in the vicinity
of maelStrom,
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-28
Lack of Mineral Food Salt Causes
 Cancer, He Says

Chicago, June 28.-Extrance of a parasite or fungus growth is a, cause of cancer, according to the opinion of pr. Horace Packard of Boston Uni versity, who discussed ''The Cancer Question before the Surgical and Genealogical Society of the Ameri- can Institute of Homeopathy here to- day. sDr. Packard emphasized his be- lief that the possible cause of cancer is dietary. and argued that derniner- a1ized foods form a. factor in the dis cases deve1op opment. The human fam fly is under-fed in mineral food salts, he said.
 "A rnomentous fact" he added, ''is that the flour mills and the rice mills of the civilized world are busy e1ini- mating every particle of iron, phos- phorus, sodium, potassium, silica, cal cium, chlorine, magnesium and suI- phur (rnineral salts) from our staple food supply and sending out food ma terial rich in heat units but pitifu1Iy meagre in energizing and innmunizing material.
 ''In single flour mill of the mid dle west, approximately one million tons of wheat are nailled each year. Of this about $50 thousand tons go to the human family as refined flour and 452 thousand tons of the by-prod- ucts bearing the energizing, inamuniz- ing food salts go mainly to feed do- mestic animals"
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-28

ed. Take Warning!"
 Recovering from their shock of fear. the first impulse of the Americans who read these proclamations was one of rage. Their. cities had grown proud in unchallenged greatness. These pen nants, slowly raining from their sky, were fnfu1iating insults.
 In the state house in Boston there were said the words that uttered the emotion of all the cities along the At lantic coast. In that old, rebelIious town, where American liberty had been nurtured in the very presence of an armed foe, there were gathered many eminent citizens, with the officials, the mayor and the governor of their state.
 One of these officials had a pennant in his hands. ssWhat can we do?, he asked ttIf we had the militia Of the state here we would have less than 5000 men. If the foe arrives and lays his guns on the town-gentlemen, they will be guns that fire. high explosives and incendiarg shells. We have noth- ing to fight with. If the army cannot check him before he arrives we must to save our peoples lives, we must sur render peaceabIy!"
 He turned t6 man who bore a fam fly name identified with Boston's his tory from the time of it's settlement His ancestors had stood in Faneufl hall with James Otis when he dedicated it to the cause of liberty.
 He took the proclamation, held it for 8 moment while he looked around thei circle and then crumpled it suddenly, angrily, in his fist. Throwing it to the floor, he set his foot on it.
 q say,'' he cried, with flashing eyes, 's1et him destroy itl Better still, let us destroy 1t! When the enemy ap- breaches let US send our Boston town up in flames and fragments! Let US leave him not so much as rivet to pick up for 1oot!''
 'sIf all thought like you" said one, an old, grave man. sBut we have 7OO,- GOO people, sfnd they are not soldiers or philosophers; they're human men. It is laid on us to protect them at whatever price to our national pride. If humiliation is the price that we must pay for our past carelessness, why, gentlemen, we must pay it, bitter though 1t is.''
 So 1t was in New York, in Philadel- phia, in a score of cities between and around them. Everywhere was the first outburst of fury and unrecking heroisn, and then the sober second thought born not of cowardice, but of cold logic This northeastern Atlantic
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-28
fCuntinued.)

Three strange vessels lay there. They had tunnels set extremely far aft, like certain types of clumsy tramp ships, but they were big as passenger 1tnera, and their lines showed all the efficiency of the naval architect. The great sweep of their decks forward was as bare as the deck of a racing schooner yacht.
 A structure on short trestles like a ski1way rose from this deck at the bow. pro3ecting slightly.
 It was there that the aeroplanes were being spewed- These were mother ships.
 Torpedo netted, guarded by destroy CTS, guarded even by A small semi rigid dfrig1bIe that lowered a thousand feet high overhead, they weraeending out their spies to search the land.
 The two United States hiers, stand ing by their machines in Fort Wright, looked at the ascending swarm. tsNo yvondeE,"s said one. .tYou know how many one Of those nations had at last accountsa Twelve hundred"
 And we've got thirteen in the army and twelve in the navy. His com panion laughed. And Servia had sixty before the great war. 2
 They said no more, but watched in. silence That ascending, continually growing line of flying things was like something that was writing into the sky the word seresOurces-, ,'
 Suddenly the American air men noticed that these new machines were not flying to the coast near them. They were turning off. in regular order. One turned west to fly over Long Island. The next one turned east, toward Bug yards bay. They alternated thus till the entire division had separated and disappeared.
 One of the scouts slapped his thigh. TT believe,'' said he, that they are going to show themselves to Boston and New York
 That was at o'clock in the morning At noon the crowds in the two cities were startled by a distant roar that grew, almost before they had first heard it, into a thundering5 that shook the air. They stared upward and be- held the first squadron of armed fly ing machines that America ever had seen
 Armored. with the bright colors of the enemy on their under bodies the aeroplanes from the enemy feet flew low. They skinned close to the state house on Boston's Beacon HILL They flew over the taIle municipal building
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-28

of New York and dipped toward the city hall. = They appeared over Proyi- dence and Fall River, over Brockton, over Bridgeport and New Haven. They passed over every enc of the fac tory cities of New Jersey that crowd Ito be near New Yorls harbor.
 Where they appeared it was as if they bore some instant charm to turn the world to stone. All the city noises stopped dead All motion stopped. Then the people fled. A4otormen and drivers bent low and yelled, and sent their vehicles ahead b1indly. The crowds rSslled every doorway. They fought for the protection of narrow Ecornices as if they were bomb proofs. They squeezed themselves close to the Eides of buildings. and clung to smooth iron and granite and stared upward, waiting for bombs.
 Instead of bombs they saw things raining down gently. 1ight1y-Httle weighted pennants that circled down ward in lovely spirals and dropped on the streets with scarcely a sound. Into every crowded street, into every open square of half hundred cities that day. the hostile air men dropped these Ipennants. They were printed They bore proclamations addressed to the people of America.
 stOur armies have landed" said the proclamation. I've shall advance on your cities at once. Any attempt to defend them will mean their destruction. Civil 1ayls are warned against making any dem 13rstrat tions whether with arms or other Sriae- Infraetfons of this rule of war will Ee punished by summary execution. Houses from which hostile acts are com Snitted will be destroyed. Towns whose EsYlllan poRzlat4en Eezlsts ~ill De destroy
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-06-28
L1TTLE BENNY'S NOTEBOOK
By Lee Pape


 was fealing kind of pale afttr sup Dir yestidday, and pop sed, Watts the nattir with our youngest awfspring. Mothir, he looks as if he had jest lost his last frehd avn erth.
 Benny, don't you feaI we'll, sed ma. Not verry, sed.
 Ware dug the sect of tr1lb{1eI seem to be localized, sed pop.
 Ware do you hert, sed pop. Erround the stunInick, I sed. Have you bin eeting enything you shoodent of, sed ma.
 No mann, I Sed.
 Think hard, sed pop.
 Well, sed, the fellos had a eeting contest this aftirnoon.
 An hah, 8 clue, sed pop, well, who won the contest.
 I did, I sed, I beet Puds simkins and Skinny Martin, and thare supposed to be the 2 biggest eetirs erround heer.
 Brave lad, sed pop. show yure stummick no mersey wen yure yung and it will show you nun wen yure old,
 But my goodness, you must of eeten a dredfi11 quantity, sed ma. No mann, I ony ate 6 peeces, I sed, I ate 6 peeces and Puds ate 4 and Skinny ate 5, we was the 3 highest. They must of bin tremendously big peeces, sed ma.
 No mann, they wasent so big, sed, they was pritty dtteI.
 In the nairn of Eppy Gurus, 6 peeces of wat, sed pop.
 Soap, I sed.
 For mersey sakes, WiIIyum, go and get the aromatik spirits of ammonia, sed ma.
 Wich pop did, and I had to drink a littel5 glass full of it, taisting fearse but no fearser than wat the soap had taisted