davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21

In all Of these activities, the women
N the farms have given much help
Frequently, they have enrolled to re-
csiye the instructions. and have
regularly attended the meetings and
demonstrations. They have eagerly
followed the instructions Of the coun-
" women agent and have urged that
4 special work be organized for them.
This work Is now being extended into
some Maryland counties and should be
we'll understood by farm women and
girls.
Wherever possible the women Of the
neighborhood will be enrolled in the
Home Division OF the State Demon
stration Work, and under the direction
Of the County Woman Agent, they will
Join in the work Of the Girls Clubs
and help teach their daughters the
preparation of attractive dishes from
the products Of the Canning, Poultry
and Garden Clubs This VIII soon
grow into demonstrations IN the pre-
paring Of other sacas snch as hreada.
etc. which are necessary to make W
wholesome meal.
In addition to the use OF these prod,
ucts. the women will have demonstra.
lions in the use Of labor saving de.
vices and conveniences. many Of
which shall be home made The first
one Of Importance will be a fireless
cooker in which many new dishes win
be prepared. AS rapidly as possible
these conveniences will be added so as
to cause both saving of labor and
improved sanitary conditions in the
farm home Farm women interested
In these plans should write in to the
Director of Extension. Maryland Agri-
cultural College. College Park. Md.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
ALL 10 NOT LUCK IN BRooolNo,
roy H. WAITE,
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.


what lck did you have brooding
chickens2r How often we hear this
question 'Oh had the worst kind
Of luck. q: 4 the chicks became lousy
and lof 2houi half 81 them and
then the fafs got most or what were
left. some got drowned In the water
bucket. etc, etc.
Far be It from me to say that there
Is no such thing as luck In raising
chickens but do believe that just
about nine times out of ten the trou-
BILE arises because Of lack of atten-
ton to some minor detail or details.
For instance. II the old hen had been
busted two or three times while she
was setting the young chicks wouldn't
have gotten lice from her. II raid
had been made on the rats along
about Matching time they wouldn't
have bothered much. 1t has been my
experience that rats are not very trou-
blesome if kept on the defensive. to
use a war term, but once let them get
a taste of Chicken" then you have
your hands full. It's also simple
matter to fix the drinking water so
the chicks can't get into 1t. If you
have to use deep dish put a brick
or rock or something into 1t SO the
chick can climb on and jump out II
he tumbies in.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
5RowN not WILL RUIN PEACH
CROP.


'"ei i"tn HelicutNurdi ConeSe
Too mucs Importance cannot be at
lsched to tle spraying for fruit protec.
ton asainH Insects and disease. OFT
- the whole crop Is lost through
injury by qsrculio followed by Brown
Aot. The curculio winters In the
adult stage appearing just as the foil
age DEVELOPS on peaches and plums.
It feeds uipn the foliage for a little
While. then the female beetle, laying
her eggs, does the principal injury to
tse fruit by making semi-circular
cut in which It's eggs are laid. The
SO hatcher in a short time and the
small larya makes Its way into the
csater Of tie fruit and there develops.
The fruit lots and drops. the larya,
escaping ihko the ground and later de-
yeloping INTO the adult beetle.
The beetle Is controlled by spraying
with ArsenAte Of Lead at the rate Of 2
pounds to 30 gallons Of water. This
poison - usually combined with the
self-boiled fine sulphur wash, fungi
eide which Will control Brown Rot
The seIf.koiled line sulphur is made
by slakinsS pounds Of lime In sufi-
Gent anle at Of water. and adding 8
pounds Of fulphur when the lime be-
GINS TO slask The mixture must be
kept stiTreA and toe water added as
needed, p eep pasty condition until
the lime Is all slaked. The heat gem
Grated By t9e shaking lime causes the
sulphur 70 SIX physically with the lime
IN very fine state, but should not be
continued 9ng enough to form much
Of sulphiie compound as shown by
the mixsrl taking on yellow or
brown coloE The mixture is then
strained in,o the spray barrel and the
ersenate o. lead added.
CAUTIo4s-The Concentrated Lime
sulphur Solution. such as is used in
dormant er early spring spraying
should not be used on peach or plum
foliage under any circumstances.
Where ITswn Rot has previously ap-
peared. the first application Of the
above mixture should be made Just
after the fruit sets and before I
shucks arr pf the peaches. A second
application two weeks later is very
necessary and third treatment
month heloe the fruit is ripe Is very
desirable Not only will this treat
ment prevent injury from Curculio and
Brown Rot but also from Peach Scab
and other seases.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
SOY BEARS OR COW PEAS wHlcAi
Some Advantages OF The Soy Bssn
over Cow Peas as a Soil
lmprover.
NICHOLAS sCHMITz.
Maryland Horticultural Experiment
Station.

Since the soy bean is coming into
prominence in this State many farm
ers are beginning to ask the question,
is it better to grow soy beans or
COW peas?s
Which is best depends upon the soil
and the climate and the purpose for
which the crop is grown. Soy beans
cap never take place Of COW peas on
poor. sandy SOIL For this soil nothing
has yet been found equal to the COW
peas. On the heavier clay soils Of the
State soy beans are ordinarily better
suited than the COW peas.
Soy beans VIII yield as much or
more hay per acre than the COW peas.
and the quality OF the hay is better on
account of the soy beans retaining
their leaves much better than the COW
peas in the curing Soy bean hay also
cures much more rapidly than COW pea
nay and Is damaged less by rain.
Another advantage Of the soy beans
is that they will yield anywhere from
10 to IS bushels OF seed per acre, which
can be harvested and threshed with
the same machinery and as easily as
wheat. Cow pea seed will deteriorate
in case 1t is subjected to week or
10 days Of wet weather after 1t has
ripened. while the soy bean is not
damaged under these conditions on &C
count Of shedding the water quite
readily
The place Of the soy bean in the
farm rotation will always be that Of
a fertilizing crop as well as a hay
crop. On the Eastern Shore and In
Southern Maryland, however. where
wheat is not paying crop and straw
is not essential for bedding, the soy
bean may replace wheat as a ready
money crop, the seed OF the better
varieties now selling for from $50
to $500 per bushel
There are many varieties Of soy
beans, and in the success with the
crop depends largely upon growing the
varieties best adapted to local condi-
tons. There are certain varieties.
however, which will do well almost any
where IN this State outside Of the
mountain section. There are VII
son, Medium Yellow. Sable. Haber.
land, Virginia. Cloud. Ebony. Picking.
and Taha. These varieties are all good
seed and hay producers, excepting the
Picking. which Is better suited to seed
production and not SC well TO the pro
duction OF hay on account Of Its not
growing as large as the other varieties,
although on good soil it win yield two
tons Of hay to the acre.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21


rowed in, to thoroughly incorporate
1t in the soil Lime should not be al.
lowed to "air" slake, as by so doing il
absorbes carbonic acid from the air
and is changed back to the carbonate,
the form In which It existed before
burning and consequently some of that
which was paid for in burning is lost.
Lime put on small or large piles to
slake should be covered with earth
to keep it out OF contact with the air
while shaking, and. as soon as It las
come to powdery condition, It should
be spread on the land and narrowed
ia.
II will generally be found more eco
nomical TO haul water to apply to the
lime and slake it out at once rather
than cover with earth Stacking with
water would be a more economical
method than to lose part of the value
of the lime through air shaking.
Do not apply lime on top Of the
land with the idea that the rains will
dissolve it and carry 1t into the soil,
ior, in the first place the rains may
lot come until after some lapse of
line and much of the lime will have
eturned to the carbonate; and, in the
eeond place, it takes 700 pounds OF
Sater to dissolve one pound Of lime
and that amount Of rain could not be
depended upon.
Pure Magnesium lime, which is com.
monty claimed to be poisonous to the
soil and crop. gave the highest yield
in crop test conducted at the Mary.
land Experimental Station. the results
Of which were published in Bulletin
No. &C.
A comparison of the results showed
stone lime and shell lime TO be O
bout the same value on the sol.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
CONDITIONS MAKE ECONOMICAL
POULTRY FEEDING NEcEs-
sARY.
ROY II. WAITE. Poultryman.
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.

The economical. use of feed fof
poultry should be practiced at all
times, for in the poultry business. a
penny wisely saved is better than
penny earned. During the present high
price OF feed. there is more reason
for being economical. but being
economical does not mean cutting
down on feed. unless the fowls are
too fat. 1t does mean balancing the
amount of feed fed and the eggs or
meat produced. SO that the largest re-
turns In the shape Of profits viii be
realized. have known people who
have fed their hens only the cheapest
feed. thinking they were being econom-
icai and who could have. by addins
small amount Of some high protein
feed. turned their total loss into al
Least small gain.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
STORING WINTER VEGETABLES
PROPERLY.
t. H. WHITE, Vegetable Gardener.
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.

II a cellar like this is not handy for
use and you have only small amount
of vegetables to be stored, the kiln
method should be used. The kiln is sim.
ply a hole dug in the open ground, cir.
rular in shane and less than a foot
deep. Into this the roots are poured
until they form conical pile couple
OF feet high A layer Of straw or GOV.
ering material should be placed di.
rectly on the vegetables and the roots
are poured until they form a conical
heap as a final cover White potatoes.
turnips. and beets will all keep per
festly this way. Carrots and satisfy
should be laid away more carefully.
These viii last much better If instead
OF being dumped into the pile they
are placed In alternate layers with
sand between. All vegetables that are
to be stored should be kept in the
garden as late as possible. Do not,
however, let them become very severe
iy frozen. Parsnips and satisfy win
keep very well in the garden where
they have grown, but are some times
very difficult to reach when SNOW is
on the ground.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21

There are other troubles also like
cape worms. getting caught out in a
storm, being killed by other hens.
caught by crows or hawks, being
trampled on by mother hen, etc. but
even with each of these something
can be done as preventative For
instance, use new or clean land each
year for the chicks or cultivate and
clean up the old each season after
brooding is done and there will not
be much trouble from gapes. Have
the shelter close by when the chicks
are young SO they can get in out Of
storm. II you let them roam all
over the place, having the shelter in
one field and then In another, Of course
they will get soaked at the first storm
If you don't get them in. In order to
keep them from getting killed by other
hens you can and should wherever
possible keep the young chicks In
yards away from the general flock.
If crows or hawks get after them
I'll excuse you for calling it bad luck.
but even here there is much that can
be done if you will only stop to think.
If you can't protect them any other
way you can shut them up by them
selves until they get good start A
gun is pretty good crow scarer, but
crows are certainly wise" and aim to
come around when the gun is in the
house. A couple Of king birds or bee
martins have nested in the orchard
where we brood our chicks and they
seem to be able to keep all bird enem-
les away from the chicks. II you don't
want the chicks trampled on by the
mother hen give her a good roomy
coo3 wit plenty Of light
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
FARMERS CLUB HOLDS NEIGH
soRHoop SHORT COURSE.

Value OF Lime And Leuumes In Build
ing Up The Soil Is Discussed.
The Progressive Farmers Club OF
Prince Georges County held q most
successful neighborhood short course
at T. B.. March 1920. the subjects be-
Ing Farm Crops" and Poultry Hus-
bandry." This was the last Of series
Of such courses which the Extension
Service Of the Agricultural College has
held 10 a number Of neighborhoods
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
Home Maker Clubs
For Farm Girls


What is known as the Girls Demon.
stration Work. began in 1910. with the
organization OF Canning Clubs in two
States. Today there IS "a organization
Of more than 10000 girls under the
supervision Of nearly 400 women
agents, In 1913. 4.2o2 girls belonging
to the Canning Clubs Of the Southern
States. according to their reports, can.
ned 1.0s2.115 cans Of tomatoes aad
522.147 cans Of other products, in all,
valued at s1s0.420. They also formed
Poultry Clubs. there being now 1850
Poultry Club members. Bread Clubs
have also been organized and in some
counties some home improvement
work has been done.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
CINE is WASTED WHEN IMPRoP.
ERLY APPLIED.
H. J. PATTERSON,
Maryland Agricultural College.

Considerable energy is wasted and
money lost in the manner in which
lime is often applied. In the first
place it should be remembered that
the tendency Of lime is downward in
the soil. so it should always be applied
at the surface and never plowed under.
In the second place 1t should be re
membered that the lime. when in its
caustic or quick state, has the most
power in producing chemical and
physical changes In the soil. For this
reason the aim should be to get the
lime into the soil in its active state,
aud have 1t thoroughly incorporated In
the soil before 1t has had chance to
lose any of its active principles With
this idea in mind, lime should be
Stacked by means of water, and, as
soon as in powdery state. should be
spread over the land and at once har-
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
ToPDREssINc WHEAT WITH COM.
MERclAL FERTILIZER IN
SPRING.

Where the soil is rather poor and
deficient in nitrogen 1t will usually pay
in normal season to topdress wheat
in the spring with rs or 100 pounds OF
nitrate of soda and the same amount
of acid rock per acre. II the soil is
fertile so that there is no question Of
a good growth Of straw being produced
in normal season. 1t Is not worth
while to fertilize The fertilizer
should be applied early In the
season, the first part OF April,
in order that the early spring
rains may dissolve 1t and carry IT
down to the roots. where 1t must go
before It can be utilized by the plant.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1915-05-21
DO YOUR HENS LAY IN WINTER,
ROY H. WAITE,
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.


Station.
When eggs are high in price. during
the winter. do your hens layi II they
do, wouldn't you like to be able to sell
most Of them7 If they don't. wouldn't
you like to have eggs to use without
paying high price for themf You
can keep the eggs laid by your hena
in the spring, when eggs are cheap.
until winter If you wish. OF course,
these eggs cannot be sold as fresh
egs, but you can use them yourself.
for they are perfectly good for cook.
ing purposes. Then you can sell the
fresh eggs at the advanced prices.
The best method of keeping eggs ia
by cold-storage. but this is not avail.
able TO most poultry raisers. There IL
a method, however. that can be used
by anyone--the waterglass method
The directions are as follows; Make
up solution using one part, by meas
ure. Of waterglsss (sodium silicate)
and nine parts Of ordinary water
which has been boiled and allowed to
cool. An earthenware jar is usually
considered best to keep the solution
in. The eggs are put into the solution
In as fresh condition as possible
II is best. where possible. to put the
eggs in the day they are laid. 1t ia
also better to have them clean so that
washing is unnecessary. They VIII
also keep longer il they are sterile;
no msle birds running with the flock.
Keep at least two inches Of the fluid
above the eggs, cover the receptacle
to prevent evaporation and store in
cool place Wsterglass can be OBJ
tanned either as liquid or dry powder.
The powdered preservative was put on
the market the past year.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-01-01
ESCAPES BANDIT
BY SPEED BURST
W. L. Leighton, Of Hoquiam,
Foils Holdup Man by Break
ing Speed Ordinance

Shortly before Z o'clock Wednesday
night bold attempt was made to
rob William L. Leighton, Hoquiam
merchant, who was driving to Aber.
deem in his auto. A red lantern, plac.
ed in the center of Pacific avenue
by the bandit succeeded in causing
Leighton to slow down his car, but
a premonitiop Of danger and quick
decision to go ahead full speed, foiled
the highwayman and may have maim-
ed him as, in trying to hold on to
the machine, he was hurled violently
to the street.
When Leighton saw the red light
he concluded it was odd, as he had
travelled over Pacific avenue a few
hours before and found the thorough
fare all right. Leighton had no SOON
er slowed down than he scented dan
ger and as quickly sent home the
accelerator and the automobile Jump
ed ahead. AS it gathered speed a
man, supposedly masked, though
Leighton was not sure of this, and
carrying a revolver, jumped along
side from the darkness and seized
the side of the machine. The burst
of speed whirled the fellow off his
feet and broke his hold and he fell
to the street. Leighton kept his
foot off the soft pedal" until the
police station here was reached when
he reported the affair.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-01-01
LuMeERMEN PROTEST
AUSTRALIAN TARIFF
Senator Voices Their Fears That
British Columbia ls Seeking
Undue Advantage

WASHINGTON, Dec. Ex-senator
Poindexter today put up to Secretary
Bryan the protest of Pacific coast
lumber manufacturers against the ef
forts of the British Columbia manu-
facturers to secure a preferential tar.
iff on lumber in the Australian states
The senator showed that such tar
IFS, if enacted by those states, would
be a discrimination against the Unit
ed States, and he argued that since
this administration in the matter OF
the Panama canal tolls was so intent
on avoiding discrimination against
Britain, it should be equally alert in
seeking to prevent British possessions
discriminating against the United
States.
Secretary Bryan promised to look
into the matter.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-01-01
COST OF COUNTY
ROADS THIS YEAR
Chehalis County Is Noted for
Its Good Roads, and They
Cost Some Money

MONTESANO, Dec. 31.-The coun-
ty has spent in road building and
repairs this year. $261,S52. That is
in addition to state and permanent
highway funds.
This $261,000 went for engineering,
$1018; supervisors and foremen, $15,-
600; labor and teams, $9O.S99; mater
ial. $23,011; contracts, $119,S17 and
tools and machinery, $9754.
General roads and bridges got $685.
168 Of the total; district No. 1, $22,-
662; district No. 2, $33,S45; district
No. 8, $60,O92; district No. 4, $32.-
514; district No. S, $22,612; district
No. 6, $24,956.
OF other funds besides the current
expense previously reported the vet
eran soldiers relief fund shows ex-
penditures of $147065. The game pro-
lection fund spent s5,512.1S. The cir.
culating library fund shows expendi-
lures of only $3.50. The Port of
Grays Harbor spent total of $2539. .S2,
of which $2,443.60 was for election
expenses.
Probable Changes This Year.
County road work next season may
be delayed somewhat owing to the
change in the makeup of the board
of commissioners. While appropria-
tions were made for certain roads,
it does not necessarily follow the
money will be used strictly where 1t
was estimated for and no contracts
of Importance will be let until the
new commissioners get in and famil.
iarize themselves with the needs of
the county.
The main misfortune of this is the
short season left for doing any con.
tracing. To finish any considerable
job in this county contracts should
be let in January or February, so the
contractor can have the clearing and
grubbing done, ready for grading
when the dry weather begins.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1915-01-01
RAPID PROCESS
, in KILN-DRYINC
United States Forest Service
Makes Experiments in
Kiln Drying Fir
DISCOVERS FAST PROCESS
The Forest Service Thinks
New Process Is Adapted
To Pacific Northwest

PORTLAND, Dec. 31.-The Forest
Service has been making experiments,
at it's Madison, Wisconsin, laboratory,
In kiln-drying grand fir Zone of the
white firs), species which is abund-
ant IN Oregon and Washington. These
experiments have resulted in a very
rapid and satisfactory process of dry
ing fir.
First, the green lumber is heated
clear through to the boiling point by
allowing live steam to escape into the
kiln until vapor temperature of 225
to 230 degrees F is reached. For one
inch lumber, this should continue for
about four hours, and is designed to
prevent surface drying and also to
aid in the evaporation of some of
the moisture in the wood. The live
steam is then turned off, and the
humidity reduced from about 100 per
cent to 40 per cent. The temperature
of air and circulation should be main
y tanned, however. At the end of six
teen hours, the humidity is still further
reduced to 80 per cent, and the lumber
removed at the end of thirty to forty
four hours.
The length of time for each opera
or circumstances-such as method of
piling, kind of lumber, initial amount
OF moisture, and the exactness with
which the required conditions of dry
ing can be maintained. The piling is
an important factor, for the lumber
must be so piled that there is free cir
culation of air over every part Of it.
Edged stacking or piling is best.
Although this method of drying is
very rapid, the lumber showed very
little checking, no discoloration, but
slight loosening of the knots, and
slight case-hardening. In material
that is not to be resawed, probably
this latter difficulty would not appear.
At all events the amount of circu-
lation and high humidity at the same
time tends to diminish or prevent this
effect.
The tests from which this method
was developed were made with spe'
cial humidity-regulated kiln. Similar
results may be obtained by using some
what the same process by the oven or
non-draft method now quite exten-
sively used in the Northwest. In fact,
any type of kiln may be operated in
this manner by closing the ventilators
to prevent draft. 1t is important that
the lumber be heated through by
means of steam bath, and that a
temperature of 225 to 23O degrees F..
be maintained. 1t is difficult to con-
troll the humidity in most of the kilns
now in use, but as the drying pro.
ceeds, the humidity automatically
drops and the required conditions are
approximated.