davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-07

committee, representing the Actuarial
Society OF America, to analyZe the sta
tistcal conclusions Of the Pension Com
MISSIONS experts and to pass final judg-
ment on Hhe proposed actuarial scheme
for a new pension system. Mr.. Hutche-
son and Mr. Moir have already mad
a preliminary informal survey of the
work at the offices of the commission,
but have not as yet entered into the
details of the actuarial plans.
The work of actuarial computation
by departments has now been started
and it Is expected that the liability
of the city under existing pension laws
will be known by the autumn of 1915.
The results will be announced and pub
lie hearings will be held upon the
basis of known facts and conditions.
Upol the conclusion of these hearings
the commission will be in a position to
formulate a pension system both scien-
tificalIy and practically sound,
The commissions work in formulat-
ing purposcful and deficit proof PEN
sion system to take the place of the
pr sent pension chaos naturally divides
itself into two parts:
First. The determination of present
and future liabilities under existing
pension provisions.
Second. The determination of the
principles which should underle a pur-
poseful and equitable pension system.
From now on the actuarial phase of
| the work becomes the important one.
The actuarial force must deal in math-
ematics on large and intricate scale,
so large that We're 1t not for various
| mechanical devices three hundred
clerks could scarcely complete the work
during the year. The installation Of
these ingenious tabulating machines will
enable the commission to complete the
undertaking in approximately eight
months and with the aid of only thirty
clerks. For example, by means of a
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-07
g
CRANE

numerical code the information on CEN
sus cards is punched at the rate OF
1000 cards a day by the six punching
machines in operation. Then there Is a
machine that automatically asserts and
classifes them at the rate of $50 cards
a minute. Other machines tabulate the
results ait the rate of $50 a minute,
adding the data in five different
columns.
As soon as the results are tabulated
by the actuarial force the data from
each department will be carefully stud
led, and it is this study which will fur
nish a scientific basis for the pension
system in the city departments.
In his report submitted to Mr.. Bruere,
secretary Of the commission, the PEN
sion expert In charge, Mr.. Won Reut-
linger, says: 81 mentioned some of the
questions that must be answered be-
fore the cost of just and financially
sound pension scheme can be insti-
tuted in this city OF course this city
Is not the only employer trying to an
swer them fairly. Large corporations
and municipalities the world over have
faced them; and we are seeking to fnd
how they have answered them, how
their solution Is working out and how
1t is being received by those concerned.
The series of public hearings which we
| contemplate holding will afford an OPP
portunity to the employees, pensioners
and the public to advance and support
their views on the pension subject In
| the light of known facts and conditions,
| Upon the conclusion of these hearings
| the commission will endeavor to formu-
late a model pension system for this
municipality, practically sound In its
development Of varying pension propo-
sails and financially sound in its timely
supervision and distribution of the cost
of operation"
The task before the actuarial depart
ment of the commission Is primarily to
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-07
Ferreting Out Defects
and Inequalities in
the Various City De-
partments a Gigantic
Task

department contribute l per cent. of
their salaries to the fund.
Health Department employees receive
one-haf their final salaries after twenty
years service and one-fourth to one
half their final salaries i'm case of dis
ability before the expiration of THIS
period. To widows, children or the
widowed mother of a member dying as
a result Of the performance Of duty the
uniform amount of 5000 per annum Is
provided.
AS to its financial condition the re-
serve fund in this department of about
S4O0 600 is being added to annually by
the excess of receipts over disburse-
ments. This reserve, however. is made
quate and insolvency is not far of.
There is no provision in law covering
deficiencies.
The Pension Fund of the College Of
the City Of New York was established
in 1902 for the benefit of the teaching
staff of the college and receives no con-
trbutions from its members.
The latter receive One-half their final
salaries after twenty or thirty years
teaching experience, ten or twenty of
which must be in the college. An adj
dtional 81 900 is allowed to the presi-
dent and $500 To the ice-prcsident
optional increases to a maximum of
50. 900 are also possible in the case of
professors No pension Is allowed to
dependents.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-07

commission which organized making
thorough scientific study of the systems in operation the
this order formulate equitable and financially
sound pension m all municipal employees
The nothing about work and have SIN
the city employees or
The of this resolved
thought be high time that employees
obligations another Few people know that
there New York city
and that the number well
for The nece
worthless which does
of the Pensioners employees and the public Will
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-07

flee of the commission These have
been checked against available records,
and thousands of missing cards have
been supplied, generally by investI-
gators detailed from the commissions
office. The cards have been edited IN
"A uniform basis and the service of in
d.viduaLs of various departments ana
pensioners has been brought together
in complete record
Before one can settle on an adequate
pension system which will operate on
sound financial basis the following
questions must be answered in order to-
ascertain the ultimate cost Of such a
pension scheme:
/. How old is the average employee
before he ceases to be a useful public
servant?
=. Should a pension be paid him as
reward for long service or because
he is no longer useful, or for both rea-
sons:
(aD If for long service how long?
90 If because of old age inefficiency,
how can the line between efficiency and
inefficiency he accurately drawn?
3. Should the pension be paid to every
disabled employee or only to those who
have seen long service?
4. Should the pension be paid If n
person is able to earn living wage?
.. Should the pension be paid to de-
pendents of employees, or of pension
ers, or of both?
6. Should the city pay the whole cost
Of the pension or should the employee
share the cost, and if he Is to share, in
what proportion?
7. If higher wages are paid for haH-
ardous occupations should higher PEN
sions also be paid?
In order to be able to answer the
foregoing questions IT was necessary
for the commission to know among other
things the nature of the work the en-
ployee has done for the city, the time
he has served, his age and marital con-
dition, the ages of those dependent upon
him, his earnings past and present, and
| if he Is now receiving or at any time
has received pension. with these vari-
GUS factors at hand the experts in
charge of the commissions work are
| i'm "A position to calculate mortality eX-
perience, withdrawal experience, dis
ability experience and dependent expert
cncc. all of which must be ascertained
| il they would decide as to how much
the present pension plan is going to
cost somebody in the future and how
much any proposed pension plan Will
cost. Their work is similar to that OF
the insurance company which never
] writes a risk until 1t has carefully and
mborously determined what that par
| tcular class Of risk Is going to cost,
The Actuarial Society Of America has
become Interested in the working out OF
the pension problem in the city OF
New York and has appointed commit
tee of three eminent actuaries, namely
William A. Hutcheson Of the Mutua
Life Insurance Company, as chairman
| Robert Henderson of The Equitable Life
Assurance Society and Henry Molr OF
the Home Life Assurance Company, &c
advise and cooperate with the Pension
/ Commission. 1t Is the purpose of this
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-07

their salaries to this fund and in the
case of this department alone the city
is legally compelled to contribute in
the case of any deficit.
The benefits to members because N
service or disability are based upon the
final salary, mostly one-half. To
widows, children and dependent parents
OF active members and pensioners an
amount not exceeding 5000 is allowed in
the discretion Of the Commissioners. The
records show that there is no reserve
In this fund and that the regular income
from miscellaneous sources has been
insufficient to cover annual demands
since 1904. AS "A result it has been neCes-
sary to cover the deficiencies by budget
airy appropriations.
The Fire Departments Relief Fund
was next established in 1871 Its mem
bership also consists of the uniformed
force. 1t Is the only department
wherein the employees are not required
to contribute small percentages of their
salaries toward the fund.
The benefits to the members of the
! Fire Department Pension Fund because
of service or disability are based upon
final salary and usually amount to about
one-half of such salary. The law al
lows pensions of more than half salary
in the discretion OF the Commissioner,
and to widows, children and dependent
parents of active members and pension
crs one-half of the final salary of the
deceased up to "A maximum of 81 900 is
provided in the case Of death resulting
| from active performance of duty. In
| all other cases an amount not exceed
| ing 5000 is allowed in the discretion OF
the Commissioner.
The reserve in the Fire Department
| Pension Fund is not applicable to de.
| fciencies. The regular income from
miscellaneous sources has been INSULT.
| Client to cover annual demands since
| 1912. Such deficiencies have been met
by the sale Of special revenue bonds.
| The School Teachers Retirement
| Fund, which was established in 1894
is subscribed to by all regular teach,
ers in the city. A contribution of l pei
cent. of the salary of each teacher |.
made compulsory.
After thirty years of service upon APP
plication and after twenty years of ser
vice in case of disability school teach
ers are entitled to retirement. FifteeI
years of such service, however, mus
| nave been rendered In the schools o
New York city. The retirement fun,
of this department provides a pension
of 'one-half the final salary, with a max
| mum of So 1000 and a minimum of 500
and one-sixtieth of the final salary 70
each year of service in case of dis
ability.
The reserve of $4,000 In this fund
as in the case of the Fire Department
is not applicable to deficiencies. Ant
too the regular income from outside
sources has been insufficient to NEE
the expense of the fund since 1t wa
started. There Is no provision in Law
as to deficiencies in the teachers fund
the same being covered by the city ad
vancing each succeeding years income
, The Health Department Pension
Fund was started in 1894 and its mem
| bership is voluntary. Employees Of thi
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-07

determine the clty's liabilities under eX-
listing provisions upon the basis of data
collected by means of the census Of
city employees.
Each of the eight pension funds now
in operation are being valued sepa-
rately. In addition to the customary
presentation of present values Of assets
and liabilities, computations are being
made showing the amounts needed an
nually to discharge the City's obliga-
tons to its pensioners.
The mortality, withdrawal and other
statistical tables are being constructed
for the purpose Of the appraisement
of liabilities under existing pension
plans and will be used as n basis for
calculating the cost Of any pension pro-
visions the commission may propose.
report on the pension system of
the city of New York, prepared by the
| Commissioner of Accounts, was sub
mtted on May 81 1913, to the late
| Mayor Gaynor, 1t recommended first
Of all the appointment of commssi on
to make scientific study of the sub
| icct of pensions as applied to the mu-
nicpalty of the city of New York.
| During the last year the office of the
| Commissioner of Accounts, at the drec-
ton of Mayor Mitchell, has actively
worked in conjunction with the Pension
Commission on this problem. 1t has
assigned a force of expert examiners
and accountants to assist the commits
sion I'm the gathering Of the census and
to help interpret the statistical data
relating to pension cost.
An audit of the relief and pension
fund for the benefit of clerical and
uniformed forces of the Department of
Street Cleaning and a general eNamina-
ton of the activities of the fund were
recently transmitted to the Mayor by
the Commissioner of Accounts.
AS a result of this investigation II
was recommended that future appoint
merits in the Department of Street
Cleaning be given due consideration as
to age and physical condition in order
that the operation and usefulness o.
the relief and pension fund may moi
he further unnecessarily encountered
and also that all unclaimed pension
moneys be deposited in separate banl
account which shall be drawn upor
for the liquidation of such items.
The following review OF the mali
features Of the eight pension funds IL
the city of New York indicates tn,
variety of contingencies which had L
he considered in planning the actuarla
work and i'm digesting the pension law
under which the present pension plan
operate:
The Police Pension Fund was estab
lshed in 1857 and was the first of tn
municipa pension funds. It's member
ship consists of the uniformed fore
! and is compulsory All the member
Of the force contribute . per cent O
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-02-07

the securing of complete data as to the
operation of the present pension sys-
tens.
Robert Won Reut.inger, formerly PEN
sion expert for the Bureau Of Municipal
Research, and George b. Buck, consult
inE lctuary, both of whom conducted
the police pension investigation for the
Aicrmauic Commission in 1918, were
appointed by Mayor Mitchell to take
charge Of the staff OF special investlga-
cor, engaged by the commission.
The first step undertaken by the COM
mission, according TO Mr.. Won Reut-
uug,r was the obtaining of an accurate
census Of all the employees i'm 10 city
departments, as well as thousands of
individuals who are no longer in the
city service. This prodigious task ne
C,--.'atcd the writing of 10000 per-
suuHl rccprds-a census of active en-
pI,lr.s. those who have left the city
service N recent years, of present PEN
sur.gs and of the records of past PEN
s.u.r. The work was begun about six
months ago. II has just now been com
r..'.l. II has required during that time
iau .ry.rc Of a varying number OF
',... ,hy stan numbering over eighty
g.. pare Of the period
"~..u work has rarely been under
taken. and never on anything approach
irr ...h e. vast scale" says Mr.. Won
l..u-or Perhaps the nearest APP
p' p 'l this work was a census OF
ll"" .mp,oyecs Of the Government of
T. Iaud. which was an undertake
o.. .nput une-tenth as large as ours
You .lu imagine some of the difficulties
N.H confronted our clerks when
'. YOU that even the correct date Of
l Ou most elementary Considera-
i.. Ia any actuarial Calculation) was
Do. .uiuablc from any Of the depart
m....' records and required a search OF
CO.. ..ryice records not classified in a
Oh. LOGICAL way. From first to last
n Na- necessary to dig into records
". OBJ N.rc never prepared nor kept fol
purposes If statistical reference, Null
'Ir' this difficulty in a single case by
1901" aua perhaps you will realize thai
"" ..vy had no small task"
'' consultation with departmental
f'H. -.n'lDNcs, individual history card!
Won. perfected for taking the census o
I'll" H.'y" employees Of the city, o
'Nn-, whose services had terminate,
''lNs Dc preceding six and one-hal
!u. II living pensioners and of thos'
." pensions had terminated.
Numerous rules and regulations o
i. .-y service not sufficiently flexible
SCH as uncertainty, until recen
months AS to the extent to which thu
' would authorize continuance of tn
'.uWss on hindered the organization
Cd. 900 efficient staff for the sUmewhl
unusual and special work Of the com
mission, But a force of eighty-fou
employees was gradually assembled l.
hdni." the work during the rush period
q of which competent body Of siXty-tw
tn" pick OF the larger force) now re
mains
During the latter half Of 1914 tn
census cards gathered by the depart
H.''s have been received in the OF
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-01-12
Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the
 CORINTHIANS.
CHApTER 10

CHAPTER 13.
 This is the third time I am coming to you. In the mouth of two or three witnesses shall every word be estab lished.
 2. I told you before, and foretell you, as if I were present, the second time; and being absent now 1 write to them which heretofore have sinned, and to al ether, that, if l come again, will not spare:
 3. Since ye seek proof of Christ speaking in me, which to youWard is not weak, but is mighty in you.
 4. For though he was crucifled through weakness, yet he liveth by the power of God. For we also are weak in him, but we shall live with him by the power of God toward you.
 ,. Examine yourselves, whether ye be in the faith; prove your own selves. Know ye not your own selves, how that Jesus Christ is in you, ex- cept ye be reprobates?
 6. But trust that ye shall know
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-01-12
AT ONCE! STOPS. STOMACH MISERY
 AND INDIGESTION
"Pape's Diapepsin" makes sick, sour,
 gassy Stomachs feel fine.

Do some foods you eat hit back taste good, but work badly; ferment into stubborn Jumps and cause sick, sour, gassy stomach? Now, MT. or Mrs. Dyspeptic, jot this down: Pape's Diapepsin digests everything, leaving nothing to sour and upset you. There never was anything so safely quick, so certainly effective. No difference how badly your stomach is disordered you will get happy relief in five minutes, but what pleases you most is that it strengthens and regulates your stoma ch-so you can eat your favorite foods without fear.
 Most remedies give you relief some- times-they are slow, but not sure. Tapes Diapepsin" is quick, positive and puts your stomach in a healthy condition so the misery won't come back.
 You feel different as soon as Pape's Dlapepsi1i < comes in contact with the stomach-distress just van- ishes-your stomach gets sweet, no gases, no belching, no eructations of undigested food. your head clears and you feel fine.
 Go now, make the best investment you ever made, by getting large fifty case of Pape's Diapepsin from any drug store. You realize in five minutes how needless it is to suf- fer from indigestion. dyspepsia or any stomach disorder,
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-01-12
PAGE URGES EARLY
 PLANS TO DIVERSITY
Commissioner of Agriculture Asks Farmers and Merchants to Get
 Together Saturday, Jan. 16.

Commissioner of Agriculture John Ii. Page is urging farmers and mer- chants to get together on Saturday, January 16, and make arrangements for diversifying this year. Mir. Page seems to realize that if there is to be diversification, the merchants must aid. His letters follow:
 "To the Farmers:
 "The low price of cotton has made it necessary to plan less cotton. Of course. you are going to plant some thing else instead This will bring up the question of seed. and now is tie time to consider the matter. + you do not get the seed in time y can not plant other crops than cotton and corn. You are going to have to look to the merchant to get the seed for you or club together and get the seed yourselves. Now is the time to settle the matter and order the seed Il you watt too long, the seed will be scarce, hard to get and high-priced Let me urge you to all go to town next Saturday, the 16th and get to- gatne.' in a meeting and discuss the matter and see what ceed you will need, and take steps to get them. Go to, see the merchants and ask then. to help you.'
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-01-12
The Dawn of Christianity
 As Described in THE NEW TESTAMENT Translated from the Original Greek.

that we are not reprobates.
 7. Now I pray to God that ye do no evil; not that We should appear approved, but that ye should do that which is honest, though we be as reprobates.
 8. For we can do nothing against the truth, hut for the truth.
 9. For we are glad, when we are weak, and ye are strong: snd this al- so we wish, even your perfection.
 10. Therefore I write these things being absent, lest beng present l should use sharpness, according to the power which the Lord hath given me to edification, and not to destruc- tion
 il. Finally, brethren, farewell. Be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in peace; and the God of love and peace shall be with you.
 12. Greet one another with an holy kiss.
 13. All the saints salute you.
 IA. The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost be With you all Amen
 (The second epistle to the Corinth- ians was written from Philippi, a city of Macedonia, by Titus anad Lucas.)
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-01-12
REQUESTING LEGISLATURE,

Here's rather rich one gotten off by a supposedly responsible person. "One thing that might be done that is certainly practicable, and that is to abolish state legislatures, for absolutely the same reason that com mon councils are being abolished by cities, and place the state under the commission form of government, with party politics entirely eliminated, and it would not be long before our state would be very desirable one to move into, instead of being, as now, a de- sirable one to move out of, on ac- count of the burdens of it's prcsen+ system of lawmaking."
 That reminds us that commission government is reputed to be very ef- ficient way to run a town. So is that of having city manager, the system that Dayton, O., copied from the warning Teutons.
 But to abolish legislatures for tn } same reason is long step in ad- vance of anything heretofore attempt cd. However, the manner in which some legislatures proceed indicates that not much harm could come from experimenting in the operation of a state without a legislature. This isn't intended as slap at the Arkan- sas general assembly, which convened yesterday. This body may prove diff ferent from any heretofore assem- bled. It may pass only good laws for the entire state, instead of wasting time and money in enacting flood of local measures; it may call con- stitutional convention, and adjourn before the siXty-day limit Yes, it may.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1915-01-12
WE ARE PREPARED TO MAKE FARM LOANS.
 Phone Us, No. 29. R. H. M. MILLS < SONS, Sd Floor, Citizens Blk. Bldg.

your chamber of commerce here in Indianapolis is@working now upon the motto, If you are going to buy, buy 1t now That is a perfectly safe maxim to act on. 1t is just as safe to buy it now as it ever will be, and if you start the buying there will be no end of it, and you will be a seller as well as buyer. I have looked or and tried to see what the interests of the country were in business and l have taken counsel with men who did know, and their counsel is uniform, and all that is needed in America now is to believe in the future; ana . can assu'.a you as one of those who speak for the Democratic party, tnat N Is perfectly safe to believe in the flu ture." ss!,3k
 The presidents speech will not go into the school readers along with the orations of Burke ano Webster and Clay and Bryan. but they are likely to reach the understandings and the hearts of the men of today, who will cast the ballots ill the election of 1916 For immediate results that kind of popularity has it's advantages over fourth reader popularity.