davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-12-10

AS the result of conference last
week between State LCabor Commits.
sioner Edward w. Olson and Commits
sioner-General of immigration An.
thony Caminetti, it has been definitely
settled that the federal authorities
will give salmon Gamers of this state
the benefit of their free employment
bureau service. Commissioner Olson,
who has been working since assuming
office in an endeavor- to see Puget
Sound cannerymen give opportunity
to white labor, hopes that this may
solve the local race problem. The
federal authorities have made it clear,
however, that on account of the exist
ing treaty with Japan, no distinction
can be made in operation of the en-
ployment bureau in regard to nation
alities Commissioner Olson has filed
an elaborate report upon the situation
with Secretary of Labor w. B. Wilson.
at Washington, D. c., having made
comprehensive investigation at the
request of Mr.. Wilson.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-12-10

Published reports last week that a
decision had been reached in the pro-
hibition case, but that it was being
withheld at the request of Governor
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-12-10
SEND IN NEWS

Send in the news
Every union in the city should have
press correspondent.
You want news of your union to APP
pear in your paper.
Then get busy and see that some.
one is especially appointed to send il
in.
And see that it reaches the Labor
Journal office on time, for every pa
per has a closing time,
All local news must be in the La
Dor Journal office not later than II
o'clock Wednesday if it is to appear
in the current weeks paper.
Address all news matter to Editor
Labor Journal, 1912 California St
Everett, Wash
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-12-10
Unfair List

Barber Shops. H. Turner
llO4 Hewitt; VIM. Whitaker
Lowell; Barnhart Shop, Monroe
Independent, 11O7 Hewitt.
Harris Barber Shop, American Natl
Bank Bldg.
Iron Works = Sumner Iron
Works.
Hotels and Cafes-NTitchelI Ho.
tel, Lords Cafe.
Plumbers-C. r. Schweitzer. w.
y. Callahan, Otto Mertz and Globe
Wall Paper Co. s plumbing dept.
Ben Johnston and house,
1902 Colby Ave.
Building Laborer-Peter Jack
son.
E. Cloke.
Electricians-E. F. Hare, Jack
Shields and John Thueson, Flee
trical Contractors; Globe Wall
Paper Co.'S electric dept; w. E.
Bennett.
Bricklayers-Barney Grant.
DIR. Ida Mcintyre (by the Build
ing Trades Council.)
Cal Smiley an son; Fitz Ger
aid.
Plasterers-A. G. Wright, VIM.
Carter, A. i. Knapp, Both, Tom
Nygard, w. t. Porter.
Contractors j. Wintermute,
Amer Larson.
Mr.. Rathwell contractor.
Morgan and Bancroft.
Globe Wall Paper Co.'s plumbing
department. Otto Merit.
Painters-Anderson & Steen,
William Ferguson, VIM. Christen-
son, M. Kokee, VIM. Gleason
Globe Wall Paper Co., G. McAllis-
ter L. L. Swartz, II. f. Mann, H..
Platzman, r. w. Phillips, r. D.
Garner, H. o. johnson.
O. A. Hagen, Sign Painter.
Teamsters-C. j. Witt, stand
cor, Colby and Hewitt.
Cement Workers-Pettit, Sr.
Stores-Grocery Store, E. J..
Long, 10Th and Virginia. j. G..
Sovda, 3419 Everett Ave.
Tailors-Scatch Wooden Mills,
1904 Hewitt.
San Juan Fish Co., Seattle.
Buildings-1412 Grand, 1917
Hewitt.
Hotel Newland, 3114 Cakes.
G. A. Purcell, owner Hotel
Newland.
American Packing Co., Everett.
Placed by Everett Building
Trades Council:
Carpenters-R. B. McAdams
and A. D. McAdams.
Building-Monroe School.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-12-10

IlT6ItT, We're CdItgOTICdIy uI -
the governor, Chief Justice GeC4se r.
Morris and other members of the SUI
.preme bench. A decision is expected
in the near future, but Justice Morris
stated it had not yet been written.
After being written it must make the
rounds of the eight judges who heard
the case, for their signatures and pos
sible alterations.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-12-10

Although November ordinarily is
one of the poorest industrial months
of the year in Washington, tota
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-12-10

rlHed la OF o industrial in.
ispssss no. .is o.' t, .ns BE the the
months Immediately following the
adoption of the act.
The largest number of new employ
ers, 1874, was in class 5, general con
struction work. There were SO new
employers listed in Glass 10, logging
and lumber manufacturing, Al in Glass
q, grain elevators, flour and feed
mills, SO in Glass 8, street and road
making and paving, and "a in Glass
"a, foundries and machine shops.
According to reports of traction
companies filed with the public serv-
ice commission, iitney competition re
duced the number of passengers haul
ed by the street railways in Seattle,
Tacoma and Bellingham to the tune
of 11,350000 in the last year Seattle
street railways lost more than 9000,-
900 fares by this method, Tacoma a
little less than 100000 and Belling-
ham the remainder.
Coal operators of the state will
meet with the industrial insurance
commission at Seattle Saturday to
plan the raising of $4,000 reserves to
provide pensions for the widows and
orphans left by the Ravensdale mine
disaster, in which 81 We're killed AS
there already is a considerable bal
ance in the coal mines fund it will not
be necessary to raise the entire re
serve Immediately.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1915-12-10
News ". from Labcrr..

OLYMPIA.-Definit results in the
thorough industrial insurance investi-
cation being made under direct
charge of Governor Lister, were evil
denced last week by the arrest of j.
F. Gillies, who has been claim agent
since the organization of the original
industrial insurance commission until
two weeks ago, when he was suspend
ed pending investigation.
The formal charge against Gillies is
classifying public records, it being al
legged that he certified to certain
claims, knowing them to be false and
forgeries. Gillies obtained his re-
lease for a short time under $4,000
but was surrendered by his principal
bondsman the next day and returned
to jail
Governor Lister, in announcing the
decision to prefer definite charges
against Gillies, made it plain that the
investigation had not been concluded.
"The investigation will be followed
to the limit, in whatever direction it
leads" the governor stated.
Chairman Floyd l.. Daggett of the
commission has completed a minute
personal examination Of all permanent
partial disability claims allowed dur
ing 1915, and has found no other
frauds than the 10 original bogus
claims, totaling $15032. The inves-
tigation now is proceeding back
through 1914 and 1913 claims.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
LET COUNT BE OPEN.

Current last night was rumor
that the old custom Of an open count
would not be followed in today's pri-
mary; that none but the judges and
clerks would be allowed in the room
when the returns are compiled to-
night The Graphic hardly believes
this is the intention of the judges and
clerks named by the Democratic sub
committee, because such policy
would be opposed to tia. of the DEM
Ceratic party in this city and county
and not at all in accord with the
regulations of the election officials
for wisdom and common sense.
TO exclude partisans of the can
didates from the room when the re-
turns are tabulated after so man.
years of an open count of the vote
would most certainly provoke friends
of the defeated candidates. The
reputation of those named to conduct
the election precludes any suggestion
of an open count being construed
as imputing to them intentions other
than conscientious discharge of their
duties, but the mere fact that the
ballots would be counted behind
closed doors would certainly cause
friends of some aspirants to charge
fraud. even if none existed. And par
ticularly would this be likely in the
event of close races as today's cleo
ton gives promises of developing.
Suspicion that might be. engender-
ed by this reversal of a custom here
may even provoke difficulties be-
tween partisans of opposing candi-
dates, for under the stress of ex-
citement caused by the impression
of being victimized men do things
they would not do under other cir
cumstances.
No credit would reflect on the city
or on the victors in tcday's battle
of the ballots to have trouble Of any
nature follow the election, or even
the CIV of fraud raised. An open
count, in accord with custom, is ont
way of lessening danger of the clrcu-
lation of charges by the defeated
candidates and their friends thai
they we're defeated by unfair tactics
All The Graphic desires, all TIM
CITY desires, all the candidates them
selves can desire is that suffragtst'
be permitted to vote as they desire
and the votes be counted as cast
| Given this assurance, and even &c
feated candidate will not nurse
! grievance.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
CONSTABLE HAS
BOOZE ON HAND
Mr.. Green Takes Possession
on Court Writ, Owners At.
torney Defying Removal.

Twenty-seven cases Of whiskey
and several bottles of other liquor
stored in room in the rear OF a
negro restaurant in State street, pc
tween Second and Third avenue, were
seized yesterday by Deputy Consta-
BILE Jim Reidinger on writ issued by
Chancellor J. M. Elliott. The action
was taken upon the application OF
Prosecuting Attorney T. G. Parham'
who made affidavit declaring the be-
lief that the whiskey had been ship
ned in and was intended for sale In
violation of law.
Before the liquor could be removed,
Attorney r. Havis Nixon appeared on
the scene. warning against the re-
moval of the liquor. Constable Clint
Green conferred with Chancellor Ell
lott. who said the constable coulo
do as he deemed best: that the Whls-
kew was in his custody. Mr.. Green de-
cided to permit the liquor to remain
in the place, but retaining custody.
Mr.. Nixon stated last night that the
liquor is owned by Hammett Ash1oro
negro who formerly conducted
saloon here; that when the saloons
closed, Ashford stored the liquor III
the room upon the advice OF the at
torney. who has represented Ashford
for some time. Ashford, says Mr.
Nixon. put the key in his pocket ana
went to New Orleans two weeks ago
Attorney Nixon ridicules the charge
that the liquor was intended for sale
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
Representative Brockman
Introduces Measure Affect
ing Bridge Commission.
CURTAIL THE EXPENSE
Measure Providing for Election Of
Commissioners, Makes County
Clerk and Treasurer Officers
of the District.

Little Rock, Feb. 1S.-Representa-
tive Brockman of Jefferson has intro
duced a bill '"To curtail the expenses
of the Jefferson County Bride dis
trict.' The bill, No. 1888, was read
twice and placed on the calendar.
Radical changes in the operation OF
the commits sion, even in the method
of selecting the commissioners, are
proposed IN the measure. The bill
provides that tie county clerk shall
act as secretary of the commission
without additional salary, and that
the coanty treasurer shall serve as
treasurer for the commission, also
without additional salary. 1t is ur-
derstood that both these officers
have received pay under the present
plan.
Instead of the commissioners Sc
lecting their successors, the Brock
man bill provides that the commits
sioners shall be elected by the peo-
pie, the first election for the posi-
lions to be at the next general cleo
ton. % 81& i
The measure also prescribes the
county clerks Office as the place for
holding meetings of the commission
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
CONFERENCE ON
RIVER PROBLEMS

st. Louis, Mo-, Feb. 1S.-An import
ant river terminal conference of the
Mississippi valley states opened for
two days. The call for the conference
which was signed by former Governor
Eberhart of Minnesota. Governor
Dunno of Illinois, Governor Major OF
Missouri, President Capen OF the Bust
ness Mems league of st. Louis, and
James E. Smith, chairman OF the COM
mittee on river Improvement and
transportation Of st. Louis.
The meeting is the result OF the
gathering in st. Louis last April,
when permanent organization was
formed and arrangement MADE 10
proyide a comprehensive plan for nv
err terminals in preparation FOR
through navigation for local and for
eign commerce from the Mississippi
and Illinois river to New Orleans.
.The people of the Mississippi val
lev" said Governor Eberhart, "recog-
nizing the great value to the COM
MERGE of the United States and the
nolicy adopted by congress four years
ago to spend approximately S2oo'ooo'-
600 for the improvement OF our nav
ipable streams in the Mississippi val
lev must provide adequate river ter
minal facilities in advance OF the COM
pletion of these projects. The gov gov
ernment is pledged to spend $4,000
600 on the Mississippi river from St
Louis to New Orleans. $685. 100000 on
he Ohio, $2o,Oo0.OO0 on the upper
mississippi and s20,ooo,ooO on the
Missouri, all in period OF ten years
~
"The Panama canal mas peeh coni
plcted and it remains necessary s s.@p
n .dvancing the interests OF the MIS-
sissinpi valley to systematize our rlv-
err terminals and show congress that
II should continue to strengthen its
;nland waterway policy. 1t is TOT
the thear purpose of working out our plans ms
for establishing the best system OF
terminals adapted to the conditions
Of each OF the towns and IS now
called"
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
The Dawn of Christ ianity
As Described In
THE NEW TESTAMENT
Translated from the Original Greek.

through with many sorrows.
II. But thou, O man of God, flee
these things; and follow after right
eousness, goodness, faith, love, patti
ence, meekness.
u. Fight the good fight of faith,
lay hold on eternal life, ,whereunto
thou art also called, and hast pro-
fessed good profession before many
witnesses.
10. l give thee charge in the sight
of God, who quickeneth all things,
and before Christ Jesus, who before
! Pont1us plate witnessed a good con-
! fession;
IA. That thou keep this command
ment without spot, unrebukeable,
until the appearing of our Lord Jesus
Christ:
Is. Which in his times he shall
shew, who is the blessed and only
Potentate, the King Of kings, and
Lord Of lords;
| IL. Who only hath immortality,
dwelling in the light which no man
| can approach unto; whom no man
hath seen, nor can see: to whom De
honour and power everlasting. Amen.
| II. Charge them tnat "fe llcli Ill
this world, that they be not high
minded, nor trust in uncertain riches,
but in the living God, who giveth us
richly all things to enjoy;
IS. That they do good, that ,ney
be rich in good works, ready to dis
tribute, willing to communicate;
10. Laying up in store for them
selves a. good foundation against the
time to come, that they may lay hold
on eternal life.
20. O Timothy, keep that which is
committed to thy trust, avoiding pro-
fame and vain babblings, and opposi-
lions of science falsely so called:
81 Which some protesting have
erred concerning the faith. Grace be
with thee. Amen.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19

in violation of law, saying it was the
remainder of Ashford's stock and
there was no intention of violating
the law.
Attorney NixcH declares there was
no justification for the seizure; that
if the liquor is removed suit against
the constable's Londsmen will be en-
tered, and that the liquor will be
removed by the rightful owner When
ever he pleases to do so without con-
sideration of the order of court,
which, Mr.. Nixon says, was issued
without legal justification.
1t is understood that Mr.. Parham
proposes to seek an order condemn
ing the liquor but the attorney for
Ashford asserts nothing more will
ever be done in the case.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
Bayard HOn0red.

Dover, Del, Feb. 1S.-The National
Society United States, Daughters OF
1912, of the state of Delaware, today
unveiled a tablet in the main corridor
of the state house to the memory of
Jon. James Asheton Bayard, one OF
the signers of the Client peace treaty
between the United States and Great
Britain. The tablet is opposite one
erected several years ago to the mem
ory cf Commodore Thomas Macdon-
ough. The society is holding exer-
cises in connection with placing the
tablet in position, with Governor Mil
ler< presiding.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
The First EpistIe Of Paul the Apps
tie TO
TIMOTHY.
CHAPTER 6.

CF1AI En- U.
Let as many servants as are under
the yoke count their own masters
worthy Of all honour, that the name
of God and his doctrine be not BIAS
phemed.
2. And they that have believing
masters, let them not despise them
because they are brethren; but
rather do them service, because they
are faithful and beloved, partakers OF
the benefit. These things teach anu
exhort.
3. If any man teach otherwise, and
consent not to wholesome words.
even the words of our Lord Jesus
Christ, and to the doctrine which is
according to goodness;
4. He is proud, knowing nothing.
but doting about questions and
strifea OF words, whereof cometh
envy, strife, ratings, evil surmislngs.
5. Preverse disputing of men OF
corrupt minds, and destitute of the
truth, supposing that gain is godli-
ness; from such withdraw thyser.
6. But goodness with content
ment is great gain.
Z. For we brought nothing into
this world, and it is certain we can
carry nothing out.
8. And having food and raiment
let us be Herewith content.
8. But they that will be rich fall
into temptation and snare, and into
many foolish and hurtful lusts,
which drown men in destruction and
prediction.
10. For the love of money is the
root Of all evil: which while some
coveted after, they have erred from
the faith, and pierced themselves
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19

When the bowels become lrregula:
you are uncomfortable and the
longer this condition exists the
worse 20 ufeel. Yon can get rid OF
this misery quickly by using HER
BINE. Take dose on going to bed
and see how fine you feel next day.
Price SOC. Sold by w. L. Dewoody {
Co,
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
T~INE BLUFF
ROGRESS
ROSPERITY
ANNOUNCEMENTS.
FOR MAYOR.

I hereby announce as a candidate
for Mayor OF the city of Pine Bluff for
an endorsement term, subject to the
action OF the Democratic primary to
be held February ~, 1915.
II again honored l pledge to give
my entire time to the office, and work
TOR the general upbuilding OF Pine
Bluff.
SIMON RIOOM.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
CITY TREASURER.

The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce Harvey Hogg as candidate
for the office of City Treasurer OF
Pine Bluff, Ark, subject to the action
Of the Democratic primary to be held
February 10, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19

ANYWAY. we cannot but admire the
Pittsbure company that refused
s45O. 600 contract for cannon shells
"for humanitarian reasons.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
WE ARE PREPARED TO
MAKE FARM LOANS.
Phone Us, No. %.
r. II. M. MILLS & SONS,
Sd Floor, Citizens Blk. Bldg.

The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce F. O. McGehee as a candidate
for Aldermse from the Third Ward,
subject to the action of the DEM
ocratic primary, February 10, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19

The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce Armstrong Barrow as a can
didate for the Democratic nominal
ton for police judge of Pine Bluff IN
the primary to be held February ~
1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
Iowa Follows Arkansas.

Des MONIES, Iowa, Feb. 1S.--The
house this afternoon passed the bull
to repeal the Mulet law. The hill has
already passed the senate. 1t provides
for statewide prohibition, effective
Jan. l, 1916
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
POLICE JUDGE.

The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce Mr.. J. r. Sonny Stewart as
candidate for reelection as Police
Judge, at the Democratic primary
February 10, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
SIMON BLOOM.

The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce W.. B. Sorrells as a candidate
tor mayor, subject to the action OF
the Democratic primary, February
~. 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19

Because there is many next Oh
flee holder being introduced around
today. the idea is formed that some
folks believe there will be many an
"ev" office holder here in the near
future.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
ALDERMAN.

The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce Mr.. Ben We'll as candidate
for Alderman from the Second Ward,
subject to the action OF the city Dem
acratic primary. February 10, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19

The Graphic is authorized to an.
nounce Mr.. j. M. Simpson as a candi-
date for reelection of Alderman from
the Fourth Ward, subject to the action
Of the Democratic primary February
-, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19

The Graphic IS authorized to an
nounce Mr.. Frank Franey as candi-
date for reelection as alderman from
the First Ward, subject to the action
of the Democratic primary, February
10, 1915.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19
Frank James Is Dead.

Kearney. Mo-, Feb. 1S.-Fraak
James, brother of Jesse James, the
famous bandit, died on his farm three
miles northeast of here this after
noon. He was stricken this morning
with apOpleXY
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19

The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce Mr.. H. V. Bahlau as a candi-
date for re. election as alderman
from the Third Ward, subject to the
action of the Democratic primary,
February 10, 1915.
The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce J. P. McNulty as candl-
date for election as Alderman from
the Fourth Ward, subject to the ac-
ton of the Democratic primary
February 10, 1915.
The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce Chas. E. Leverenz as a candi-
date for election as Alderman from
the Fourth Ward, subject to the ac-
ton of the Democratic primary
Feb uary 10, 1915.
The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce r. T. Louthan as candidate
for alderman from the Second Ward,
subject to the action of the Dem
ocratic primary February 10, 1915.
The Graphic is authorized to an
noulce Geo. P. Darby as candidate
for Alderman from the Third Ward,
for the unexpired term of Ben B.
We'll, subject to the action of tho
Democratic primary February 10
1915
The Graphic is authorized to an
nounce D. B. Niven as a candidate
for Alderman-short term of Ben
Weil-from the Third Ward, subject
10 the action Of the city Democratic
primary.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1915-02-19

Brisbane Before Ohio Editors.
Columbus, Ohio, Feb. 18.-Arthur
Brisbane will address the Buckeye
Press association which met at the
Neil house today for a three days
session.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1915-01-19

RETREATNG
ARMIES OF THE KAISER ARE
GOING AHEAD
PRESSURE OF THE GERMAN
FORCES WINNING GROUND
IN POLAND

Berlin, Jan. 19.-According to a
News report, Kielce and Opoczno, i'm
portant towns in Russian Poland,
have been captured by the Germans.
The Russians retreated to Radow. The
Germans are advancing towards
Skurzysko railroad junction.
RUSSIANS THRICE REPULSED
Berlin, Jan. 19.-The triple repulse
of the Russian forces in Northern
Poland is officially reported. The
weather is unfavorable
Fighting in the west shows no i'm
portant changes.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1915-01-19
FOUR DAYS Of
FIERCE FIGHTING
TORRENTS OF BLOOD FLOW AROUND A
POLISH TOWN
SOLDIERS AND SAILORS OF THE CAR ARE WALLOPIHG THE
TURKS ON LAND AND SEA

Petrograd, Jan. 19.-The bloodiest
fighting that has yet been seen in
Poland has been raging in the vicin-
ity of Mlawa the last four days. The
town of Mlawa has practically been
destroyed. It's possession has changed
hands three times since Sunday, and
is now held by the Russians. the Ger
mans having been thrown back to-
ward the border.
The Russians withdrew from Kielce
before the heavily reinforced German
army.
The Russians and advancing toward
Thorn and Soldau, and may compel
the Germans to abandon their drive
toward Ivangorod.
In the south, the Turks are hard
pressed by the Russians.