davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ripley County democrat. (Doniphan, Mo.) 1905-1920, 1915-05-07
Harrow Corn to Get Rid Of
Weeds.

1 TTV7 ----
recently received . number Of
inquiries from Missouri farmers
similar 10 the following;
u expect TO harrow my corn
this spring. When should the
first narrowing bs done and how
long can / continue it?"
In answering this question, C..
B. Hutchison Of the department
Of farm crops says: "Ths value
Of the harrow In ouitiyating corn
depends largely upon the season
and to some degree upon the
soil. In q normal season the
cultivation OF corn should begin
by narrowing lightly before tho
corn comes up, or at least once
or twice before the corn is large
enough to cultivate with q cult.
vator. This 10 an especially
good practice il planting has
bsen followed by q rain that has
packed the soil and caused the
crust to form on top through
which the plants have difficulty
In breaking. This early harrow
ing will also conserve moisture
by stirring the top layer Of soil
and forming q mulch which 10
important in q dry season.
: "0n wet land and In wet sea-
sons the weed, and grass are apt
to be too far advanced for q har.
row to do much good by the time
one csn got on the field. Und,r
these conditions q deeper running
implement that will stir the soil
more should be ussd."
Weeds are more easily killed
% they are just coming through
tho soil. Narrowing at this time
ID much more sffioisnt in destroy.
ing weeds than deeper cultiya-
tions later In the season. The
most important function Of corn
cultivation 10 the control OF weeds
and the field should be cleaned
out just as early as possible.
An ordinary spike tooth har.
row with the teeth slanting back.
wards, or q wesdsr, are best
adapted for this purpose. III
conditions will permit, it is we'll
to harrow once before the corn
10 up aad again before IL is large
enough TO cultivate In the oPdi.
nary way, Where the weeds are
NOT Two numerous and persistsnt
. wseder may be successfully
used until the plants are six or
eight inches high.
Ripley County democrat. (Doniphan, Mo.) 1905-1920, 1915-05-07

Coiumbia's youngest minister
u The Rev. Archibald Bedford
. 20 years old.
Hopkins has hired i baseball
manager ata SALARY Of S76 Z
month during the ball season.
The state board Of equalisa'
ton raised the assessment ol
Henry county banks q 1.2 pei
cent.
Work has been begun at Hig.
ginsville on new grain elevator
to have a capacity OF 10000
bushels.
A new town established in
Pulaski county has been given
the euphonious cognonen OF
Turkey Ridge.
Game Warden, G. H. Branham
has destroyed 81 fish nets hs-
tween Kansas City and Sibley in
the Missouri river.
The Faber Forum notes that
the difference between Rip Van
Winkle and some other people Is
that Rip finally woke up.
Excelsior Springs is no longer
. Mecca for peddlers. the city
council there having raised the
li,enss fee from $3.50 to s22 .
day.
H. M. and James Harker arc
probably the oldest twins in Mis-.
souri,. They celebrated their
ssvensy.iith birthday at . family
dinner at Carthage recently.
A confidence man rubbed up
against q Carthage lawyer the
other day, The would bs swind-
t,r only lost $40, which all wise
opes will admit, was getting OF
very ehsaply.
The shesp raising industry
il Schuyler county gained in
public esteem recently when .
grower delivered one hundred
head to Queen City market and
was paid $1,000 for the lot.
Noting that a Shslbina boot.
logger had been sentenced to
spend eight months in Jail at
Shelbyville, the Brookfield Ga
zstts remarks that this 10 q long
time to stay In Shelbyville.
William Miller OF joplin, 101
years old. was married one day
last week to Mrs. Jane Carver.
his housek esper, who is So years
Of age, The old adage, ian old
fool is the biggest fool Of all" 10
psrsonified 10 this instance.
Ben r. Kssterson. former pros-
scuting attorney Of Mercer coun-
ty. q standpat Republican Of The
Liy. Morse brand. was found
guilty OF smbszalsment at Prin-
ceton this week and ssntsnosd 10
two years in the penitsutiary.
Lexington has once = month
horse traders day. at which
most anything on four legs can
be swsppsd. Horses from all
over Lafayette and adjoining
counties are on the market.
soms hardly sble to walk there.
William Younger, the champ
ion fiddler Of Rails county, 20
years old and ) wealthy man,
veteran Of the civil war and :
cousin of Cole Younger, was
married last weak 70 : widow 81
years old and died the week fol-
lowing.
The Macon county court has
not only ordered . road drag for
each Of the road districts 10 the
county. but bcugbt two dozen
steel frames Tor wood drags which
will be supplied Tree 70 farmers
Who wish 70 make dsags Tor use
~ The highways.
Ripley County democrat. (Doniphan, Mo.) 1905-1920, 1915-05-07
'ROUNDABOUTTHEs STATE.
Glsansdfrom Exchanges by the Shears.
the Pencil and the Paste Pot--Some Orlai-
nal. Some Credited. and Some Stolen.
HI but Nearly All Interesting Reading.

1t 10 getting 90 these days
man 10 not safe svsn In jail. A
jefferson City recently . prisons
was.sllswsd tn 4fslain e2.6o whsl
locked up for the night and n
sooner did he fall asleep thai
somsons robbed him.
Thirty.four convicts Ia III
Missouri psnitsutiary were 70
leased April II by Govsfno
Major on recommendation OF til
pardon board. All the convict
are paroled to rssponsibls per
sons and can be brought back h
the psnitentiary for. violation o
the paroles.
Booze oozed from q trunl
roughly handled BY q baggage.
man at the Wabash depot a
Kirksyille and a crowd Of deer
brsathers SION gathered around
The town was rife with rumors o.
contemplated action. but tht
authorities finally decided it wal
none OF their affair.
Daniel Boone's body Iist
mouldsring in an obscure grave
on . high hill overlooking the
Missouri river in Warren county,
but q movement to provide q
monument over the grave has
been undertaken by the Miss.
ouri organisation otths Daugh.
tors Of the American Revolution.
Former mayor and Mrs. rhiilip
OFT Of Jsifsrsan City osis6rHtsd
Thursday Of last week the 62nd
anniversary Of their wedding
day. Although more than 30
years Of age, Mr.. OFT manages
personally ) large lumber and
building material business and
puts Ia . full days work every
day in the week.
"Cotton'' 6huitz Of Walker
tried an experiment he other day
he will not be apt to rspsat.
When hs spilled gasoline on his
ovsralls he decided he'd burn Il
Of. When Z bystsnder seized :
blanket and PIT out the flames
The gasoline was about an burn-
I'd off, 90 was his overslls. sweat.
sr and . portion Of his spldermis.
Mrs. John Pisrsall, Of Sheldon,
had . close call In Nevada the
othsr day. In trying to GROSS q
railroad track Q string Of freight
,ars knoe ked her down. She fsA
between the rails sad had the
presence Of niad to lie perfectly
still. Five oars passed over her
and although dszed she YES un-
hurt.
Mrs. Rose Eusll. aged 90. Of
Lewis, Ind, was fatally burned
Ihs other day whils lighting her
pipe, and her dsuehtsr fell and
fractured : hip whiIs runniae 10
her mothsrs assistance. And
IT'LL masy Stubborn people will
aontinua to argue that tobacco
D not injurious, remarks the
Brookdsld Gazette.
Motcsists touring bstwssa
aud ouiloysss~srnsd
By the Kirksvills Express to oar.
" about 81 In change. Accord
ing to the Express. st ths loot ei
i long hill there b . mud hole
that gives evidence Of having
been carefully wstsrsd sseb day.
No sooner has : oar landed Ia W
niddlA Of the splsnt" than :
lmiling iaxmsr with . four mule
'esm appears from the 'toshss
side Of the hedge and cffers as
,istsnos. An anlucky motorist
who found mud hole and team
,onditions the came 10 dry
weather % ;n web has bsooms
Ripley County democrat. (Doniphan, Mo.) 1905-1920, 1915-05-07

O. psssructIen In Japan.
Ii proportion 10 population Japan
NJ uocs suicides than any othaF
s1xilissd nation-
Ripley County democrat. (Doniphan, Mo.) 1905-1920, 1915-05-07

on the 500 valuation this year
4 This ID : reduction Of ono ceet
He estimates also TINT No aapf'
tal building bond issue WIN Il
retired in nine years.
/ A Kansas CITY lin6hroon
magnats, fond Of motosinR. sesat,
Cd . favorable impfelAi0a essI
in Clay county reesatly, NAsG
. team Of hofssg belonging b !
|clay county fafnsr tsn sws,
whsn frightened ct The lunch
mans car, the Kansas City man,
|instesd Of spsading sway, foi-
lowsd and paid for one Of ths
horses injured beyond recovery,
Adkin Bros. paid tho highest
|price for wheat this wssk thsy
have ever paid sinSs thsy began
TO buy grain. They bought Cal
suttls a Sons wheat payiag them
sl.40 . bushsl. This transactiou
amounted to sS.257.Sa. They
also bought James Hssdrick's
wheat. giving him . check fot
u, ,460,72 or LAO . bushsl. The
entire shipment amounted 70
about I. ESQ bashsls, or three car
loads. Burlington Junction
Post.
In last ysar's campaign against
tax lodging in Ray county. nay-
i'd Stanley, wealthy farmer and
money lender, was caught In the
Investigation, plsadsd guilty IA
perjury and was fined ea0o. Thls
year hs again failed to give Ia :
true list Of his property md hs
has been fined $500, the judge
saying, "I'll make It . $1,000
next year. He gave 10 SS7 q
cash, and Il was found be had
|ss7. 900 on dspOsis ID H.; Lcuis
hanks.
W. A. Brooks Of Callawsy
county 10 81 years old and has
lived In Callawsy county since
.s baby. In his whole lie. Mr..
Brooks dsoiarss, hs never ran .
hill at he grocery store or the
blaoksaaith shop. II have made
It 8 rule not to buy whom I did
not have the mouey on hsad to
pay" says Mr.. Brooks. sand the
only bookkeeping merchants
have ever had to do Tor Ne was
euch times ~ II delivered pro.
ducs and took credit on thsir
books FOR its vslus.'' =
"Hsrs.is $1,000 thst I van
you 10 hand to the bank st
Guthrie" !" said . stranger In Msw
Bloomfield TO . conductor su the
Jefferson City q Mexico brsnoh
of the @. d A. Before the con.
ductof could cstoh his breath the
tram had pulled out Of the sta.
tion with him holdins ; saek Of
currency, which later he handed
TO the agent at Guthrie who took
1t to the bank. The Harrisburg
Truth says the story showd that
G. 4 A. crews are reliable AMI
that money 70 plentiful, / Il
soybesnsars sasldis gaining
In favor among the isrmsss Of,
Missouri and 10 many parts Of
the state are replacing cowpsssl
% . seed Drop. The fsek Mst
they can hs sssdsd ssslisr. srs
sssiss harvested. earlier thrash.
I'd and usually outyisld the cows
PEGS sxplsins 10 part. this gsinI
Ia isvor. xsss sAsssss szs Hs<'
securing esd of sOybssas and
ysrisliss srs rseoansaded but
~ choios d Z VARSITY shssid b
governed bx tke purpcss of TIE
crop. when grown for hey such
vstieties - Ebony Or Black
'Rssaly. dun ysIlow y lioassl
gsL rskin or Dabls snd Ausliu'
will be found among the BEST.
Where seed ID wanted this list
might b enlarged 10 include Ai-
kado and Halberlandt. II = late
malu<ing rather ooarss growing
n~<.s, 1. = nfo<4 ln~ nac<,.~a ard
Ripley County democrat. (Doniphan, Mo.) 1905-1920, 1915-05-07

------A@--------.---------
|, FRIDAY, MAY I, 10
SSwaxhAw Rntsrpriss sitsr
Itatl Aigatihg ne subject has u.
"a that farmers have about
eonerns attitude toward rsduc.
Iiurf bottom acrsags that ths man
he story had toward tsdueine
y tixs Of his meals. His doc.
to< AAd sdsissd him 10 sat less,
IT, y went 70 his vile and said:
= doctor says that l must not
9 10 much. 30 instead oi
bkiAs me twenty biscuits In
ynosnins don't msks me but
I1ln1kssni but make them just q
fllttls ~ bigger. Exchange.
| ~ splits Of everything which
|tbe6sats haa done for Cape Cir
|Ardbau n On educational way.
ths voters Int Tuesday rejected
|the proposition for . tar levy Of
| 100 Hsnts on The 500 assessed
- NJ
|vaIlation for school purposes.
Not twill b nscsssary to hold
|aasthsr election on April "a TO
|ycla The tsx. 1.-THE tax b not
votsd sdthers will bs no public
acllpols THE year st the Cape.
TAen. ths poor ionoramusss
would wake up and vote 10 give
the tshocis what is needed.
"A Jefferson City grand jury re-
esbtly lHditsd . hotel man for
rdanink pr allowing to be run on
his rlemisss Q punch board. The
dssice 10 one Of those where one
pays ten cents and punches out
anumbef from . hole In the
beard. One alwsys gets some.
|thing tor ones mon ey, hut gen.
|esaliy u is Of no value, the "pull"
"A ths scheme being . number
vhioh might call tor . grand
teisA Judes Slate says under
Alass ruling Of the higher courts
u b . slolstion Oi the law to op-
lssels - psaeh beasds,
u Apple tree osnksr, q disease
which b killing many Missouri
orchards enters the tree through
breaks In the bark such rs
wounds caused by pruning. It
causes . discoloration Of the bark
ct 6rst and later the diseased,
bark shrinks and pssls of. The
dissase oan b checked by cut.
ing Of sntirsly all dead branoh-
%. II the tree trunk is effected
the dead bark should be scrap.
ped away well into the healthy
bark on al sides. Paint oil
wounds with white lead and raw
iiasssd oil sish which soszs nss-
curic chloride dlsolvsd Ia tufps.
tine has bssn mixed.
Mrs. George Moser. living out
Ia the oouptry from atssls. gave
birth 10 twin bsys last Monday
which were grown together from
their hips up 70 their chests.
Thsy we're alive when born but
enly drew Z few bresths.
They were viewed BY every one
Tor miles around. DR.. I. H.
Phipps. Of Holland. was the at-
tandine Rhyslcien. The babies
weighed sight or ten pounds and
ssrsp perfectIy formed other than
6l.tal. The inssfnsnt wss hsld
Tussdi y ana sws6 'stlsnasd ty|
ovsrpa hundred persons. The
nothsr h gssang on nicely. This
strsngs and interesting piece ot|
nvas was brought Ia to 10 byj
our good frisnd and subsorihsrs |
J. II asudegsA who lives snsigh- |
bor. Cssuthsrsvills Rspublicsa. |
The bsttsr roads bulletin Of the |
Nisnpuri ROsrd Of Agriculture Ia |
1914 ooutinuss y b eaiisd Tor. |
4 ooatains Information on road |
oiIins and dirt road msintsnsncsl
lhatnounty and city snginssss
ere putting Into the hands Of
~~~s.~.s. ssns Ck.tx r2Se.S s<kI
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-06-09
WAR BRINGS ON BIG LABOR REVOLUTION IN
ENGLAND RUSSELL TELLS OF CONDITIONS

Newspaper Editor, Magazine Writer
and Economist, Who Is Writing
Direct From the War Zone
for This Newspaper.
Copyright, 1915, by the Newspaper
Enterprise Association.)
London, June s.-Doubtless this
war will profoundly affect the worlds
history, geography and politics, but it
promises now to have a still greater
effect upon the worlds industrial sys-
TEN.
Already a vast revolution has be-
gun in Great Britain, not by any
body's will or planning, but because
of inevitable conditions
Take this matter of government
ownership. Nobody in control of af-
fairs wanted it; nobody there liked it
The thing was, in plain terms, COM
pulsory. By no possibility could
government escape it.
After all, governments seem to be
no more than hammer and chiseI in
the hand of fate. AS soon as the
British government had taken over
the railroad system it was assailed
with the bristling and multiplex prob
lem of munitions and supplies for the
armies it was enisting At first these
supplies came with maddening slow
ness Recruiting was hindered be-
cause the government had no place
to put the recruits, no clothes for
their backs, weapons for their hands,
nor food for their stomachs,
To push things along it was COM
PEELED to assume the active control
of first one establishment and then
of the second ablishment on which
the first was dependent until it found
itself confronted with such situa-
ton as no man in the country had
ever dreamed of.
If you are going to take up the
making of cartridges you must have
LII -
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1915-06-09

locate the making OF machinery to
weave the cloth you want for your
troops, and so on, like the house that
Jack built.
It was to meet this extraordinary
situation that the government passed
in March the sweeping measure by
which it was authorized to take over
bodily at any time any factory or
other source of supply that it might
deem the national needs to require.
There never has been so powerful
an assertion Of the supremacy of the
interests of the community over pri-
Vate interests and private ownership.
Under this policy the government
has assumed some establishments by
guaranteeing (as with the railroads)
a reasonable return; in other cases
(as with the great armament fac
tories) has put forth its power by
placing representatives on the
boards; and in others has organized a
company, and itself taken the stock,
after the plan pursued so successfully
by the government Of Japan in its
many business enterprises.
For example, although the fact
may not be generally known, the gov
eminent Of Great Britain has taken
over the entire indigo business from
planting to marketing. To do this it
formed great stock company, sub
scribed for a majority Of the stock,
and offered the rest to the public. It
is, in fact, merely trust, organized
and conducted by the government.
In an entirely different way it put
its hand upon the banks and sustain
ed the nations credit.
The wary gentlemen that conduct
the government did not want to do
any of these things; before each step
they apologized and explained, like
one saying grace before meat. But
they did. them, just the same, and
they win do more of the like.
Already this assures very great
~, IT, h. Of
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-01-19
LOCAL CLUB RECEIVES
WIDE SPREAD INQUIRIES
Queries Regarding Marion County Not
Peculiar TO ANY Section or Glass
Como in Great Numbers.

Interest in the Willamette valley Is
not confined TO any one section az the
country, Judging from tho various in,
quiries received by the commercial club,
W. G. Avery, gi5 North Tom street
WebD City, Missouri, Is interested in
lands and good roads around Salem. j
M. Hammond, 323 West 0rtega street
Santa Barbara, California, wants e
know the price Of 10 and l5.acre tracts
In Marion county. Samuel X. Kirby
76S Freeman avenue Long Beach, Cali
fornia, inquiries regarding tae value OF
90 to 4O.acre tracts near Salem. From
the prairie lands Of Mott North Da'
kota, Fred Pietz writes for information
Of this climate and farm values. i
Henricksm, 1896 Whatley street, Co
lumbia, y, G., writes that he has $4,000
to invest and wants all information re
gardng Marion county. William Cul
kin, 1895 Lombard street, Everett
Washington, wants literature and infor
nation Of Marion county and especially
tract lands close to Salem.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-01-19
New Fruit Evaporation Has
Desirable improvements

The only fruit eyaporator ever in
vented that keeps Nhe fruit moving,
thereby permitting greater heat, is the
claim made by \. D. Morgan, Of Rogers,
Ark, for hls sanitary eyaporator, now
on display In this city The eyaporator
shown is about 6ia feet high and feet
with with seven floors. When In oper-
alton these floors are kept moving by
an endless chain AS the hopper is ut
the top OF the machine there is NO mois.
ture from the green fruit TO pass on 70
that which has been partially dried.
Another feature Of the machine is that
the work is entirely mechanical and
the fruit need not be toucaed by the
hands any time during the drying pro-
cess.
The machine Is so constructed that
the hent may be furnished either by
gasoline or wood. An average Of three
hmrs il required for drying apples or
potatoes The machine having proved
Of great service IN the apple sections
Of northwestern Arkansas, Mr. Morgan
feels that II will be Of equally practical
yane to the farmers Of this part Of tac
state. The machines sell from $3.50 up
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-01-19
Would CHANGE TINE
HOLDING LEGISLATURE
Blanchard Has Prepared Bill
Making Time Of Meeting
On Even Years


BY simply changing the time OF
meeting OF tne legislative assembly from
the ODD to the even years and making
provision for the ming OF petitlons Tor
initiative measures, desired 10 he voted
upon by the people, ON or nefore Janu'
ary l OF the year on whieh the ieglsla'
ture meets, representative Blanchard,
OF Josephine county, peheves ne mas
arrived upon a simple plan for blend
ing the operation OF the two law'mek-
ing INSTITUTIONS OF the state whereby
~ WIN my oHiy ipoiease 'no yiilolenoy
VI tno iesisl"'uie Due W. "1iA y e.uH'
Saving w tno 'aAPuyeis =" 'ne eiii"luu
uon Oh tne necessary u noiuins spe'
slul Ielerehupln ~ elestlohs ,,.is ahu pupilsn. n
ihB " hu"iyol " 'iii'ia.iIo ii'eSui''
:" .lio sea'u eioo'ivu -, ",npn,0'''
hvP'oeehia'''o enS WY na'
IGuu ata%. u u.'P stJ ,S snv ~ oSVJuSi J',;,i
Slil sn,ln' sna. Tvs p-SA, :, "A P'o Si - ~
otips 'l aoous aS~Do' .S "a 'tVo ~. sI"'
w., WI Vpe'a.J oI, " wv sSu S,,Oa,o ~ '"e aIS 90
w. Sl' "s W. osaa,,'o as' W Vv anas;'o s"a;,xos
.ro Is"'oS,qos 3.1 "HN sA ps,,s.,. a.s'n.ss u,
~ 'ho iu,',".i'e ~ 80 80 ~ .LS haisi l""
nty ohntgius s"o u%.e "a sH9 a. nV.Sins s;.n ~
nv .Le aes,siuru u so'aTIs ;Ii ~ ~ ~, -
Wv ~ H. ysa,s ', ~ a." ~. an
pp spvn .ho , yiins yseat, hoiS;n@ ~ ,ao;sio,ora ME
nS,' NV "ha' .nS v'ivsI ~ mV'os o.a,v a,,'"n
od % % tha;s nas.s ,o"s 80 ,ra,0I w % ,..d,.s oIoss
~ y. .So w. .l at,d,oht J' aNa na,ro,s h na,h ,, Ss
.So;r ro.o"as ,ha aaaston ,i;i, K, so
Sah o 1Vu .hn inS. ~ a. % YVI,S ,hS ,,",oss W ~
ttaS, t ,,ii, 49, a. ",o,a ar ean hv ,hat,
sooSrd. saoS %"' INV " '''"N " ' -
''SV'''' -, 49,, -,
III Yruer 70 DllHs snls Snalse upous s
~ WI W n'ooesuiy to4 ,ar, az pI"nSNSiu - =
70 ih.rouues e1h puinon pms ~ 'no ny
: esslutuIe' Wnleh NO vApye's W ~ WIZ VIII
IN Low ueys, ohe ~ wn'ou WI, pe uo
s,sn9u - ononse '.p mo.'lnB '.no "
@ .no icB,slasulo a, en" es wy ossei " uneno l''
'he ini'iall'e ahu i'ieiGAVu" .'.I i""' 10
BururnB tuo iinns VI Po'i'.gno
. nuNo ls'. lo' 9Viue sino 'uIe sne
,1 usel uinoss VI e"s ina'iesiso Nns Dela .s
impaired " Tvs peins o'einv,A'u ',..,, posa .l
~ lts lIlenuh . nnu nl iss snslniss sa,u
noP,vs1"'"''NV ,,w pi""0""'' in 'i''Ue''Hb
'ne III 81. u........s-,. s-,.,.
b : navu ~. tnuv tnv eSsto',o % i,ioitu' ~, 1a
Vi .nu liiitias''e .ps "vio .. unt"l W e"S AZ
slsluTuro . snu On aSVoOnv vi 'np .a tno
Ilon pe."een g. 'ue WV syssylpS y'tVh i. na,o '.'
s'ys sousn' W e'"u %a' :" "nan snaie5 eIo VIZ VII
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-01-19
Commission Has Another
Telephone Hearing

AZ hearing before the railroad com.
mission yesterday afternoon the PA.
ciflc telephone and telegraph company,
through Rate Engineer powley, sub.
mitted its argument In robutlal Of the
plan worked out by Service Engineer
n. r. Busselle, Of the commission for
the abolishment Of the cash department
feature Of the company & contract, at.
tempting 10 show that II would work
TO serious loss to tho company and
the commission took the matter under
advisemcnt. The subject for the next
hearing Of the Pacific telephone In.
vestigation will be the compnny's
analysis Of Engineer Busscllc's report
upon the removal charge feature Of the
companyis contract under which n
charge Of from Al to so is made for
the removal Of phones.