davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
ONE PHILADELPHIAN,
PERHAPS TWO, SAVED
w. A. Ramsdell at Queenstown.
"James Houlihan" Re-
ported Rescued

W. A. Ramsdell, of $500 Walnut street,
was the only man known to be a Phila-
delphlan on the liner Arabic, torpedoed
by a German submarine. according to
cablegrams received today. Mr.. Ramsdell
is now at Queenstown. His wife and 16-
year-old son were notified today from the
White Star Line office that he had been
rescued when the liner went down.
Miss Florence Evelyn Crooks, who has
three brothers in this city, where she in
tended to join them, also was on the
Arabic, IT is Thought. The brothers have
applied to the White Star Line for infor-
nation, but so far have not learned any,
thing. Her brothers are Samuel Crooks,
chauffeur for Joseph Moore, Jr., 1881
Walnut street, and two others, both no.
hcemen attached to downtown districts
Mr. Ramsdell for a number of years
represented the United States Roofing
Company, of this city. abroad. Recently
he has been in business for himself He
was returning to join his wife and son,
who have been living at the Walnut
street address since last May.
The Crooks Brothers received a letter
few weeks ago from their sister, say
ing she intended to sail, but not naming
the boat As the Arabic was the onlv
big liner sailing just after the letter was
sent, they believe she was on the ill
fated ship.
supposed Philadelphian variouslv
named in cablegrams as James HouIi-
han" and James H'Oulihan," Is in the
list rescued from the Arabic, but SO far
II has been impossible to locate any Of
his relatives in this city.
TWO men named "Jafnes Houlihan" are
listed in city directories. Each was found
az his home today. and neither knew any
thing about the man OF the same name
on the Arabic. A search OF suburban di-
rectories failed to reveal any one of that
name living I'm the towns and cities near
Philadelphia.
No description of the Houlihan on the
arabic has been received SO far, nor has
MS occupation been made known.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
DERIDEs JAP WAR SCARE
Oficer Touring United States Saws
There viii Be No Trouble Be-
tween Two Countries

Japan will be the next foe OF Germany
II the Teutons win the present war. In ths
opinion OF Major II. Kondo, Of the Imne.
rial Japanese Artillery, who h tourina
me United States TO study economic and
Industrial conditions with Captain m
Cato and A. Mkt. also OF the Imperial
Artiiiery. While In this city the three Of.
ncers are staying at the AdelphIa Hotsl.
Major kondo laughed al the idea on q
war between japan and the Tinted
States. and also minimiEed the trouble be.
tween his country and China. He said
china and Japan are too closely related
70 go 70 war. ana that the recent trouble
was only a nash In the pan.
There viii not be a war between Japar
ana the United states" he Faid. 'sI,
Japan and America could remain neutral
while the European war IL going on thev
would be the greatest nations In thc
world when Il 10 over. Why would Ne
epd our profitable commerce with this
country There could be no possible rea-
son for such stop"
The visitors Inspected League Islana
navy Yard and several big manufae et,,y-
ing plants. They were deeply interessed
An the amount OF munitions being turned
out for the Allies
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
MAYOR OF GALVESTON
SAYS REPORTS OF LOSS
OF LIFE ARE MAGNIFIED
Mortality in City Will Not Ex-
ceed 50-Estimates Prop
erty Damage at
$2,5O0,O00
OUTSIDE AID NOT NEEDED
By LEWIS FISHER

Mayor Of Galveston, Tex.
GALVESTON, Tex, Aug. 20.-Reports
OF large loss OF life at Galveston are very
much exaggerated and Incorrect. The
loss OF life will not exceed % persons.
The property damage is probaly $500,
900. The food supply seems to be ade-
quate. do not think we will require aid.
The seawall stood the storm perfectly
and demonstrated the fact that Galveston
IL as safe as any port in the country
WASHINGTON, Aug. 2O.-Four more
soldiers were added to the toll of the
Texas storm today by a dispatch from
General Bell, Texas City.
They we're;
Privates Walter Williams, Frank Sou
kup, Harry w. Eiter, Company X, 23d
Infantry, and Private Samuel Henderson,
Company G, Engineer Corps.
Further dispatches reported the 5th
Brigade at Galveston comfortably quar-
tered on the transports Buford. Kilpat-
rick and Mcclellan.
General Bell said oil the division rec
ords were lost.
Private Haiman Samet, reported dead
in first lists, has been found sick in a
hospital.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
AMERICAN WOMAN DIES
LIKE HERO ON ARABIC
Mrs. Josephine Bruguiere, So
ciety Woman, Lost in Effort
to Save Her Maid
QUEENSTOWN, Aug. 20.

QUEENSTOWN, Aug. 20
The terror OF a French maid cost the
life OF Mrs. Josephine Bruguiere' the
rich American woman who perished
when the Arabic was sunk The maid
also lost her life.
Louis Brugulere, son Of the lost woman,
told today Of their hnal hours on the
liner, when the ship was swiftly sinking
from the fatal wound inflicted by a Ger
man submarine.
Mother was In her cabin dressing when
the ship was struck" said Mr.. Bruguiere.
II rushed at once into the cabin and
assisted her to buckle on a life belt.
Mothers French maid lost complete con.
troll Of herself and. in her hysterla, frus-
trated my efforts TO put a life belt upon
her. Mother stood bravely by, refusing
to leave until she was assured that the
maid was fitted with life preserver.
The time thus lost was fatal 70 both. BY
the time we reached the deck the stern
OF tho ship had sunk until she was almost
perpendicular.
Two of mothers pet bulldogs had
followed us upon the deck. II is strange
the things n man will do in such an hour
OF stress. without thinking, I picked UP
both dogs and threw them overheard.
Fortunately both landed upon a liferaft.
Taking my mother in my arms,
stepped into the water, for by thSt time
the ship had sunk until the decks were
awash. Almost at once the vessel took
her last plunge and we were caught in
a. v,a t,,aro dro oggad dou,nvard iost
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
NOVO GEORGIEVSK
TAKEN BY GERMANS


continued from Page One
with 600 men and 10 cannon, following
the reduction OF a big defensive work
ana TWO intermediate lines OF redoubts.
yesterday the Germans announced the
capture OF the Wkricressing and the
st9rmins OF two more forts. where 700
prisoners and l2b guns were taken.
Ihe ofhcial announcement OF NOyO
Seorgieysk's capture follows;
Inc fortress Of Novo Georgievsk. the
eheInys last stronghold In Poland, has
been captured by our troops after stub
porn resistance. The entire garrison OF
so,OOO men, part OF which had already
peen captured during the final hghting'
Iel into our hands. together with enoF-
nous quantities OF war material"
The report contained this additional in
formation as to the military movements
In the eastern theatre;
Field Marshal Won Mackensen has
ariven the Russians behind the Koterka-
hui"a section southwest OF Wiscke-
i.itoysk ana has also gained ground on
the Brest-Ltovsk line south OF the Bug
General Won Gallwitz has made fur
ther advance, taking 10 officers and 1854
men. VI.
East of Koyno the Germans are puf-
suing the enemy. The Russians have
ben driven back to the line OF Gudels-
dzie1e-studziensczna. where they are
onering resistance.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
ARABIC, IF CONVOYED.
WAS SUNK LEGALLY
Continued from Page One

was said. Germany's accountability n
the United States could not be ixed
The department had received thus far
only three dispatches concerning the lost
liner, brief confirmation OF the attacL
list of Americans on the tornedoaS
ship and report from Thompaon. re-
ceived this forenoon, which was not
made public because. officials said a.
contained nothing new. -
IL was stated that no instruct,oDs
would be sent to Ambassador PAGE nS
TO other American diplomatic or oonsuie >
OFFICIALS In England.
must wait for complete report he
fore acting" said Secretary I.ansing
II Will be at least two or three davs
before all Of the details which are -
qulred can be secured by President VIII
son and Secretary Lansing Meanwbiia
they intend TO keep IAN open MIND, on
the entire matter. ""
Al the White House II was said that
the President would not be stamnedeS,,
INTO nasty action, no matter what pres-
sure was brought TO bear. Az evidence
tnat the matter was to be handled de-
nperately, the President quietly sIin-aa
away from the White House todsv ana
went by automobile 70 Phlladelphia for
ms annual consultation with his oculist
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
FIRE, FOUR RESCUES, ROBBERY
THRILL TENEMENT TENANTS
Children Carried Through Smoke as
Women Scream-Jewels Gone


Excitement ran high at Buttonwood and
Franklin streets early today when a fire,
robbery and four rescues occurred in
the same building at the same time
Things started 20 liven up when Jacob
Leassok, who occupies the second floor
front OF a tenement house st 5l2 North
Franklin street, stumbled against and
upset lamp, firing the curtains and car
pets. Much smoke Issued from the room
and the many occupants OF the building
began 20 pour out. all talking and scream
ting. In the excitement II was noticed
BY Samuel Moore, who has the second
floor back that his 7-year-old son Isadore
was missing. Sarah, the daughter, rushed
into the smoking building. and after a
search found the child, who. she says,
was unconscious.
tripped and fell on the landing, and was
assisted by two strange men, who i'm
mediately disappeared. Seeing the rescue
OF little lsadOro reminded Meyer Sodnskv
that his three children. Paul, Edible and
sam. were Etill IN the building. lie i'm
mediafely became frantic IN his appeals
10 the nromen. who had just arrived. The
nromen rescued the badly scared children
The hremen then demanded that. IN
order 70 save time. each father take a
rollcall OF his children 90 they ali might
be rescued on one trip into the buliding.
Tho rolls were called and all were found
present After little trouble the Are
Was extinguiahed with small loss. The
nlemen We're preparing 10 leave when
hafeh, Who had rescued Isador, Screamed
Again the fremen rushed into the bnild.
ms 20 MAKE another rescue. She had
returned - her room 10 find that several
articles Qf jewelry were missing. She
deniAndeo that the nremen arrest imme-
aiAteif the ftranee men, who had BY
that time made themselves scarce. The
hfemen p9h'eN tkplained that there was
poiice force m town aome.Fhefe nnS
lefl. : - ~''r
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
TWO AMERICANS ARE
REPORTED LOST ON SHIP
Continued from Page One

Continued from Page One
though several passengers reported see
ing the wake Of the torpedo as 1t rushed
toward the liner.
A statement from the White Star Line
last night said that 26 Americans were
on the Arabic's passenger list. Later ad-
vices from Liverpool added the names
Of three more Americans who sailed on
the Arabic. but whose bookings were
made too late for their names to be
printed on the passenger lists. They
were Fred X. Martin. Winston-salenl,
N. c.; John f. a. Day and Miss L. g..
NJ. Day. All three were saved, accord
ing to Queenstown advices.
Consul Frost at Queenstown reported
TO the American Embassy here that all
American survivors are unanimous in
their declaration that the Arabic was
torpedoed without warning.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
RAIN FLOODS ST. LOUIS;
SIX FEET OF WATER IN STREETS
Families on South Side Marooned in
Upper Stories of Homes

ST. LOUIS Aug. 20.-A heavy rain,
starting late Thursday and continuing
throughout the night, was still falling
this morning and had flooded residence
sections in southwest st. Louis.
Police were asked TO go to the aid of
several families marooned in the upper
stories OF their dwellings, but were un-
able to reach them.
Telephone appeals for aid said portions
of the south side were under six feet Of
water.
Car tracks on many lines were covered
and some were washed out A tunnel con-
Meeting the Clark street police Office with
the UnIon station was half filled with
water.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
TRACTION MAN INDIFFERENT
TO PURCHASE OF ROADS

LANCASTER, Pa, Aus. SOL would
s@y that the question Of the purchase ef
toll roads b. the County or state has
nssef been presented 20 nor considered
~ The censstoss Trection Company, i
bsilsts the eompany would nelthsF fsser
mar oppose such purchass, but w6uld bs
entirely passive In the matter. The Con-
sstena 1seetion Company ouns no stock
In ans toll road aud holds b. lease :
right of way over enJ = few turnpikes.
\. .. HULL.
company.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
BRITISH SUBMARINE LOST
OFF COAST OF DENMARK
E-lS Goes Ashore-Fifteen of Crew ~
Thirty Perish

Tn. p.,,,. LONDON. Aug. 20.
IL. snush submarine E-ls has been
iust win 10 men on the nanish COS :,
while on her way 70 the Baltic Sea Ess'
zen men were saved. She carried a crew
N Vnelai announcement Of the loss ~ the
N,n ~ "-s made today by the Admiralty
s. me underwater boat went aground On
canom cau island. six miles southeast OF
Shs wss .n ana was pounded 10 Pieces.
ths Russian Baltic neet against ths % c..
man war fleet on Riga. me es'-
me H-lS was built IN 1914. shs w.. ,zs
lset long y feet In tho beam ana ~ ~
SSSulppeo S,n with four torpedo tubes. Hsr
snf above water was rs toms.
tons. N'F'oopWpnt $40
me submarines speed on the sn,s.s.
Vas 10 t no. ana ~ underwater speed
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
BoTASisTs BODY, MUTILATRD.
FOUND In sUsQUEH ANNA RIVER
Suicide and Murder Clues Being Fol.
lowed In Death Of A. B. Null

LtNcAsTER Pa. Aug. 2o-rh. body
florist and noted botanlst or this &c.
ton. was found floating Ia the suso,e-
hanna River at Fite'k Eddy late yenter.
day u was - badly mutilated that lden.
tInoatiou Eas almost impossible
Null had boen missed from his home for
hearty week ana . Countrywide search
MAS made for aim. Both suicide and foul
1'tf eio<f are bfI1e lfaeed
ia H||I 81 la1I.d lhls aliernoon.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
DISCIPLINE OF CREW
AND ORDER ON ARABIC
SAVED MANY LIVES
Survivors Tell Story of Sinking
of Liner by Submarine.
Agree That No Warn
ing Was Given
TWO BOATS UPsE t
GRIMY sToKERs HEROES OF
ARABIC; STUCK TO ENGINES

QUEENSTOWN, Aus. ao.-Twenty
Erimy men Of the engine room crew Of the
liner Arabic were the heroes OF yester-
days tragedy OF Fastnet Lighthouse.
These brave fellows remained below,
hoping 20 be Of service, though they
might have escaped" said Captain Finch
Every man Of them was lost. They de-
serve 20 victoria Crosses. They're real
herOes--a thousand times over"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
Damage Suit Lost on Technically

legal technicality has deprived I'd
ward n stocker, a youth not yet OF azs
OF soeYo awarded him by jury in c0n-
mon Pleas Court for the loss OF les
IA the Philadelphia and Reading Railway
freight yards. Judge Audenreid threw
aside the award because the suit wzs
MED under the Federal law. and Il Wa
not shown that the freight car By which
atocker was injured was engaged IA NJ
terstate eommerce. Stocker formerly re4
employed BY the railway company. &C.
coroine 70 the Court the claim Shouts
nave bees SD under the laws Of tp<
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
GERMAN SUBMARINE WAR
TAKES 1904 LIVES AS TOLL

Between February Is, when the Ger
man war zone" decree went into effect,
and July FL, the date Of the last Amer
lean note TO Germany, 21s vessels were
destroyed by German submarines, with
n loss Of 1889 lives.
Since then the number Of ships de-
stroyed amount TO 20, with a loss Of B2
lives. This latter does not include those
lost on the Arabic.
since July 81 the losses have been RS
fOllowsi
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20

Farewell, farewell. oh little Sit
That erstwhile joyously did fit.
OF what YOU gave the town grew fond,
Rut there's the matter OF n bond
lAkewipe the heavy license fee
To cut into your cash-and glee.
In truth YOU have been badly hit,
And so, farewell, oh little ST.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-20
FLAMES UNDER CONTROL

Al 1880 the flames were under eontrol
but the block was mass OF oharred
ruins. The Strand, its walls hlackened by
smoke and the hundreds OF broken win
COW panes, Is visible from the espianade.
us nreproof construction and the fact
the nremen threw tons OF water on Il wac
the only thing that saved the big hotel.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-26
An Export Duty.

whats the constitution among
riendsgs, This was Congressman
lin Campbell's demand OF President
cleveland and 1t evidently remains
i sound Democratic doctrine to this
! For we have the proposition
dyanceds seriously in high Demo
Iratic quarters that the straitened
reasury shall besrelieved by q spe-
Ilai war revenue tax direct against
he acturer of war munitions
Fhich the country Is producing IN
'uclfsl large quantities. 4
IN effect' this Is an export. duty,
|stcsi al the constitution forbids. Yet
Imohg the arguments advanced in
|upport of it Is that the tax would
te easy to collect because shipments
I munitions would be cleared at
|ustoms ports and would be recorded,
IA dition, in ships papers.
The devices which the administra-
Ion municipalities using to hide the
disasters which its policies have
brought to the treasury are numer-
pus and ingenious; and the legisla-
ION already enacted to secure relief
scarcely less so. But thus far the
|onstit ion has not been violated to
make political capital for a bank
|upt political party. We doubt II it
yer Will be.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-26


Ard he listened irifentiy feaytully.
The sound that had frightened him
came again. VI
;.l'm haunt cried sidney. I'm
haunted r. n @
Pausing only long enough to change
his night gown for pa annas. he rushed
through the dark streets shrieking,
I'm haunted I'm hauntedl And
truly. the dreadful sound seemed 10
follow him. even to DR.. Smftter's ONCE,
where Sidney flung himself against the
door bell. yelling T ami I'm haunt
cdr AZ ID
DR.. smitter IN q nightgown and q
hurry opened the door. " I d
Sim, haunted! Listen, r cried Sid
ney.s And once more the wierd sound
burst on the night air.
"You poor fish. cried the doctor,
You've got the Group 2
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-26

Republican success In a national
lection has never depended on car
either Maryland. Kentucky OF
lew Jersey. But no Der ocrat ever
lot To- the White House who did not
larry All OF these states and New
Eoril into the bargain. Maryland and
kentnclsy may or. may not be Demo
|ratic next year, the chances are
hat they will not. But New Jersey
lid New York are sure to be Repup-
lean. And the candidate who car
|Ies these states is always elected.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-26

WHEELING: with only eight
minutes in which to catch train
bound for the South, Annie Young,
aged 81, Of .Pittsburg. and Robert
Pickett. aged %, OF Bessemer. Ala,
hurried in the court house here, se-
cured a license and were married by
tn Rev. w. s. Dysinger. The minis
ter walked out the door with the
couple. reading the ceremony as they
were leaving to catch their train.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-26
Perpaalredness-or Potticse

Democratic comment on Mr..
;ryan's pacifist ideas, comment, that
81 which originates in White House
IIreles. deals entirely with the Incl
lent IN its politica aspect. Dismiss
Ing the effect Of the Bryan propagan-
Ii on the nation, this comment
enters upon the effect Within the
pemperatic party. All this confirms
the suspicion that the presid Tents
onversion to the cause Of national
nilftaryS preparedness Is unreal, that
e stands In truth exactly where he
lid q year age, and that his purpose
politfcaisratlier than patriotic.
These will be deemed harsh CON
Iuaionsl by Wilson idolaters, but we
blink they are warranted by the
The spreparedness which the presi-
.Ient has advocated-in general terms
Pnly IS not military preparedness;
I isSpolttical preparedness. It is the
Iiiasl OF preparedness which poll
icians have counselled him to adj
locate |: IT lis not the kind Of prepar-
Edness which military and naval ex-
berts 81 the country have formu-
lated. 1T is the kind Of preparedness
Filich appeals to Josephus Daniels,
10 Congressman Hay and to Henry
F9fd sis not the kind Of pre-
MISREPRESENTATION appeals to the army
War college or to the general board
pf the navy. The preparedness which
these experts advocate has, been
hrust INTO the background. Theirs is
~. ,-fI
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-26

WHEELING: a loss Of $4,000
was entailed in fire at the home
|of James n. Lancaster. Pennsylvania
and Maryland avenues. Wheeling Is
land. It was started by a gas ex-
plosion in the hot water heater in
the basement OF the house, the flames
having gained Roadway before the Or
rival OF the firemen. The house was
practically destroyed.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-26
MARRIAGE LICENSES.

Marriage licenses have been issued
to Samuel T. Madison and Nellie ".
Waldeck, Frank NJ. Hathaway ana
Margaret e. Jones, Riley Albougn
and Edna NJ. Rogers. Morley: p. Wat
son and Carrie 3. Post, and Roscoe g.
Hanger, colored, and Clara /. Par
sons, colored.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-26

Men vote blindly declared the
|resid dents daughter In an address ct
Had wis. But that was ins1912.
6lect lions since then show that men
|ro voting with their eyes open.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-26

Il ~ 6
tCHARLESTON:s e. j. Murphy.
special officer for the Chesapeake and
Ohio Railroad Company. was acquit-
ted OF the murder of Wesley Hamilton
iat Handley last March. Murphy SUP
5mitted his case without evidence. Jus
titiable killing was shown.
FA1RMoNT: The body Of willis
Woods, who was buried eight years
ago. will be exhumed In an effort to
ascertain if he was murdered. This
action will be taken following the
confession Of Joseph Raber that he
killed his brother, Luther Raber, for,
which he was sentenced to life Inn
prisonment. Raber accuses Jesse
Kearns Of the murder OF Woods who,
was believed to have been struck by
"a train and killed accid entally.
CHARLESTON: Because, she said.
the train crew. persisted. IN making;
'grimaces at her when their train was
passing her home near Leewood. Mrs.
Annie Jarrett got q shotgun and hred
into the cab Of the engine and q pas
senger coach. None OF the bullets
hit their mark, but created q panic
in the train. The woman was arrest
ed and her hearing IL set for Deem
Der 8.
FAIRMONT: "A victim OF asphasia,
a ell-groomed stranger walked. into
the Office Of Sheriff g. D. Conaway
here and asked for assistance IN dis
covering his identity. He could not
remember his name, did not know
what city he was in or how he came
here. He was cold and hungry ana
had only three cents IN his pocket.
When questioned closely the stranger
said the last thing he could remem-
Der was being in st. Mary's hospital
at Saginaw, Mich, and he also re-
membered something Of being IN
Waverly. N. y. q; &, X
FAIRMoNT: The new Christian
church on Walnut street, it is ex-
pected, will be completed by the first
OF the year. A feature OF the new
edifice is the baptistry, which isl
equipped with hot and cold water
supply and dressing rooms for the
candidates. Special
Thanksgiving union services were
held Thursday at the First Baptist
church. The Rev. Clarence Mitchell,
pastor Of the Central Christian
church, preached the Thanksgiving
sermon.