davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-06-07
ANCIENT PHA[ANX USED
IN BATTLING RUSSIANS
Germans Change Tactical Forma-
tions in Eastern Front
Conflicts.
Correspondence OF the Associated Press.

,oiTesi"ill'flce or the AssorlAteu PHeee-
PETROGRAD. May 15.-For the frst
time in this war. the Germans in their
latest advance into Russian territory
have adopted a new tactical formation
for attack. The new formation is
likened by military experts here to the
Macedonian phalanx-with this differ
ence, that it is composed. not of indi-
vidua,s. but OF divisions and army
corps
This phaianX. in the advance from
Sracow. moved along the line OF the
Gorlice-Ja slo- -Rzeszof railway, and In
cluded ten full army corps. of which
five. forming the main striking head.
were picked troops Withdrawn spe-
front
provided with artillery. including a
large number of heavy batteries The
latter were also in many cases brought
across Germany from the French front.
For example, twenty-four battalions of
the Prussan Guard Corps had with
them forty batteries, half OF which
were of heavy caliber.
Hard Driving Force.
This ancient battle formation. newly
applied in modern war. had naturally a
tremendous driving force, but it was
deprived of any great possibilities of
tactical movement by the fact that II
was chained to a line of railway,
supplies and munitions in the auanti-
ties required by such a huge concen-
tration.
The rate of movement of the phalanx
in forward direction cannot have eX-
ceeded four miles a day, in the opinion
of Russian experts. But the momen-
tum was irresistible, and it was this
phalanX formation which forced the
crossing of the San river at Lezachow.
1t was assisted by an immense f1otilla
of aeroplanes
The Germans, in withdrawing many
of their best troops from the French
front, filled the gaps necessarily left
there with overpowering technical su-
periority. Thus, where the Germans
find themselves opposed by a thousand
men and two machine guns. they post
a hundred men and twenty machine
guns. confident that by continuing on
the defensive with an extended use OF
the technical adjuncts of warfare they
can safely withdraw their best troops
for temporary service elsewhere.
French Efforts Fail.
Col. Colomonoff, the best known
newspaper military expert in Petro-
grad discusses the French position in
his latest article. Pressure from two
sides, he says, is an elementary princi-
pie of coalition warfare. In the fight
ing of the present month. the Russians
have drawn upon themselves enormous
masses of first-grade German troops
withdrawn from the west front. Natu-
rally, the French have tried to reply by
putting renewed pressure upon the
weakened enemy facing them. But
extra rapid-firers, extra artillery and
the use of gases are taking the place
of men In the German lines on the
west and for this reason the French
attempts at exerting pressure have
shown no signs of relieving the Rus
slams
Evening star., 1915-06-07
Joseph Wallace Instantly Killed.

Joseph Wallace, colored, twenty-three
years old, who resided near Sd and NJ
streets southeast, yesterday morning,
while working in a railway excavation
at 14th and G streets northwest.
touched a wire or rail charged with
electricity and was killed instantly.
Coroner hewitt held an inquest at the
morgue this morning, and the jury
reached . verdict Of accidental death,
Evening star., 1915-06-07
SSABERNATHYL LEADS
SUNDAY WANDERLUSTERS
One Hundred and Sixty-Five Hikers
Start From Chevy Chase Lake and
Ramble to Cabin John Bridge.

Miss Katherine Abernathy was the
leader of the outing of the wanderlus-
tiers yesterday when 165 hikers started
from Chevy Chase lake. Following Is
the Official account of the walk:
The route led to Cabin John bridge,
following in part the trail or last sep
tember, but so much of it was new that
it was in a class by itself. From the
lake the small creek or raVlne was tol-
lowed, across the golf GROUNDS ana
through a small wooded section to the
railway, thence by a wooded tran TO
a road leading through the woods ana
just above Bethesda.
'Instead of continuing this. as be-
fore. however, to the Rockville pike a
roundabou tramp was taken by woods,
fields and road to the Rockville PIKE
some half a mile further north, to the
residence Of L. P Oldf1eld and the Ola
Peter estate. With the permission OF
Mr.. Oldfeld we went down to the
spring just below his house, situated
in b beau autiful grove of trees.
Resume the Walk.
After resting upon the rocky ledges
and swapping yarns the crowd reluct-
antly obeyed the call of the leader to
proceed. Retracing our steps, we came
as far as the old gate, where you let
the bars down for the cattle to come
in, thence right through the barn lot,
where the fodder was strewed for mem
bers of the hog family to enjoy good
dry roll. After picking our way over
the old cornstalks fence, along Wh1ch
a row, of cedars grew, was followed. a
garden was to our left on the far slde
of the fence and the pasture was on the
right. Another small section OF WOODS,
and some of the mixers said. We are
glad it's short. for there seemed hardly
to be any trail, and we emerged at the
Rockville car line.
Right across the car line and
short walk through a pasture brought
us to another woods and some old
wagon trails which had been used by
the woodsmen in hauling timber after
it was cut down. This took US in about
a half circle into the open country Just
northwest of Edsewood and next to
the new Great Falls car line, where a
short rest was offered for the benefit
Of the camera men.
Right in the midst of a field of dali
sizes we sat, and it certainly was
daisy picture From here we went
across the track. through a short neck
of woods until we came into the new
Cabin John Bridge road. which later
leads into the River road. This We
followed for about three-quarters OF
mile. passing Hugh Reilly's estate, and
to little yellow house, where We
again left the road and entered the
woods, along various trails and paths
getween lovely rows of pines and
cedars. along the upper ridge OF one
of the tributaries to Cabin John run
and out again to the road a few hun
dred yards from the bridge.
Evening star., 1915-06-07
Refugee Nuns Arrive From Mexico.

NEW YORK, June 7-Eighteen Span
ish nuns. refugees from Mexico. were
among the seventy passengers that
have arrived hero on board the liner
Manuel Calvo Five of the nuns had to
don secular dress. they said. in order
to escape from Merida, Yucatan. where
they had a school. All belong to an
educational society which has branch
In this city and where they will remain.
Evening star., 1915-06-07
Libau Not q Naval Base.

LONDON, June IA Reuter- dispatch
from Petrograd says:
Statements appearing in German
newspapers to the effect that Libau
ton the Baltic seal is fortress and
naval base are denied here. 1t is
stated that in 1910 Libau was aban-
doned as fortress; that its forts were
dismantled, and that it is
now seaport
Evening star., 1915-06-07
SUCCEEDS ADMIRAL BENSON.
Capt. J. J. Knapp Designated Com
mandant of Philadelphia Navy Yard

Capt. John ]. Knapp of the naval eN-
amining and retiring board, formerly
commander of the battleship Connecti-
cut, was today designated by Secretary
Daniels as commandant of the Phila-
delphia navy yard to succeed Rear Ad-
miral William S. Benson, now serving
as chief of operations.
I'VE propose making the Philadel-
phia navy yard one Of the most i'm
portant," said Secretary Daniels, in an
nouncing Capt. Knapp's appointment.
I'VE are already building a supply ship
there, and we expect in a few years to
be able to build a dreadnaught there v
Evening star., 1915-06-07
State Senator Rinear Dead.

BLUFFTON, Ind. June 7.-State
senator Elias M. Rinear, who led the
movement for state wide primaries in
the 1915 legislature. died at his home
hete late last night. He suffered a
nervous breakdown during the last
week Of the legislature and never re-
covered,
Evening star., 1915-06-07
Ra;ns Hurt California Fruit,

sACRAMENTO, Cal, June 7.-Cali-
,a,,i,,s fruit crop this season will be
-, .yerage size and below the aver
,,o in quality, according to report bv
10 deputy state horticultural commits
made public today. For this
ssnnajtion unprecedentedly heavy Nav
oi,,s so are held to be responsible. South
~ california alone escaped the gen
or,I loss.
Evening star., 1915-06-07
Aviator at Height of 10000 Feet

LONDON. June :. 1:5e a.m.-Harry W.
Hawker. the English aviator. flying an
eighty-horsepower aeroplane at the
army aviation grounds at Hendon yes
terday. beat the British altitude record
by attaining height of 10000 feet
The previous record was 1850 feet
The fight occupied ninety minutes.
Bawk<r was out of sight of the spec
tators for nearly an hour.
Evening star., 1915-06-07
MAY REFORM FRENCH CABINET
Report Says Several Present Minis
tiers Will Retire.

AMSTERDAM, June :, via London
The correspondent of the Teelegraaf
states there are persistent rumors in
that city that a reconstruction of the
French cabinet will take place shortly,
and that several ministers will be re-
placed.
1t is reported that Leon Bourgeois
former premier. will have a seat in the
new cabinet, and that Victor Augag-
neur, minister of marine. and Louis J.
Malvy, minister of the interior. are
among the present incumbents who
will resign.
Evening star., 1915-06-07
Fires Ravage Adirondack Forests.

UTICA. ~ Y, June much damage
has been done in the Adirondacks by
forest fires which have been raging for
an entire week. The Nelson lake region
has been fire-swept. Near Ragged lake
fire has burned over nearly 500 acres
At Cranberry lake 1000 acres are burn
ing. and 200 have been burned at
Brandreith lake.
Evening star., 1915-06-07
Commencement Exercises Open,

poIJGHKEEPSIE. N. Y. June T.
v.s.ar College commencement exer-
cises formally opened yesterday with
the delivery Of the baccalaureate SER
won by President Henry Noble Mac
Eracken 1t was the first time a lay
man has ever preached baccalaureate
s.rmon at Nassar.
Evening star., 1915-06-07
River Trip Wednesday.

Wednesday evening the Wanderius-
ters are to meet at the 9TH street
wharves at 6:45 o'clock for river
trip, the one scheduled for last week
having been postponed on account of
the bad weather.
Sunday next G. A. Gambs is to lead
the mixers over some new trails in
Virginia, leaving the Aqueduct bridge
at 2:2O pm on the Great Falls car and
getting off at Dominion Heights.
Evening star., 1915-06-07
Swiss Vote Special War Tax.

BERN, Switzerland, via Paris, June
IA referendum of the Swiss nation
has approved, by a vote of $4,000
against $4,000. special war taxation
Welding about 6O.o00,000 francs (s12,-
900 OOO).
Evening star., 1915-06-07

Stock quotations., except quotations
Of foreign exchanges, are prohibited by
decree OF bVudesrath Of Germany.
Evening star., 1915-06-07

It pays to read the want columns Of
The Star. Hundreds of situations are
filed through them.
Evening star., 1915-06-07

If your nerves are shattered. you are on the
road to physical ruin. Vitality will quickly go.
Old age will quickly come. In the main.
strong constitution means good nervous sys-
TEN. If you can build up your nerves, you
will increase your vigor. and your ability to
eat. sleep. work and play as you did in your
teens.
GET A BOX AT O'DONNELL'S
Evening star., 1915-06-07

You know how nervousness wastes your
strength. You ought to know that you cannot
eliminate that life .sapping trouble with tonics
which alooholically stimulate. And you
surely know that drugs which act on your
heart. are, in the long run. even more suicidal
to take
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18

True liberty consists In the enjoy.
ment Of our own rights and not In the
destruction Of the rights OF others.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18

increased pay. Every American citi
zen who enlists for the second time re-
ceives bonus Of $3.50 per month in
addition to the pay of his rating, and
for each enlistment after the second he
receives an additional bonus Of $3.50
month.
The sick in active service receive
medical care without charge. Any dis
abled person who has served as an en-
listed man in the navy for ten years
and has not been discharged for mis-
conduct may apply for aid from the
surplus income Of the naval pension
fund, even though he may be out of
the service at the time, and after TWEEN
ty years Of service any enlisted man
disabled from sea service by reason of
age or infrmity and who has not been
discharged for misconduct shall be. en-
titled to pension equal to half Of his
pay or be admitted to the Naval home,
Philadelphia, Pa.
After thirty years Of service any en-
listed man may be placed on the re-
tired list If he desires with an income
Of three quarters Of his pay and allow
ances for rations, quarters. fuel and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18

titled to pension equal to half pay
and be admitted into the Naval home,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Any enlisted person in the navy who
has served thirty years may be placed
on the retired list If he SO desires. All
service, whether in the navy, marine
corps or army, is credited. On retire
ment he is allowed three-quarters of
the pay he was receiving when retired
and in addition thereto allowances
amounting to $3.50 month for ra-
lions, quarters, fuel and light.
Promotion to the highest ranks is
open to the enlisted man. AS an Ameri-
can citizen he may be nominated for
admission to the United States Naval
academy at Annapolis by his congress
man or senators, who have certain
nominations in their giving Last year
at the earnest solicitation of Secretary
Daniels congress authorized the secre-
tary Of the navy to appoint fifteen en-
listed men to Annapolis each year.
They must win the nomination in
competitive examination and must
have completed one years service with
honor and be under twenty years Of
age. Enlisted men with good records,
who are under twentysix years of age,
may also participate in examinations
for the pay corps. appointments to
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18

period Of ten days or two weeks. The
navy has always sought to lessen any
discomfitures caused sailor or his
family through his temporarily en-
forced absence from home. The pres
ence OF a postoffice on every large yes
sci not only makes possible frequent
and prompt communication between
ship and shore. but places at the dis
position Of men at sea the wonderful
facilities Of the postoftice department,
including money orders. The navy
also conducts an allotment office at
Washington, and any sailor may allot
q certain portion of his monthly pay
to his family, deducting it from his
salary and it win be sent each month
promptly. In this way the families OF
men on distant stations receive a
monthly income as soon as If the rela,
tive were at home. Each month the
navy disburses about $463, 600 by this
method of payment.
On board each vessel, accessible to
all men in the service, the navy main
tains a savings bank, conducted in all
respects like savings bank ashore,
Deposits are received, and Withdrawals
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18
CLASS AT WORK IN NAVY ELECTRICAL SCHOOL

grade may become ensigns upon quail
flying in competitive examination. 1t
will be seen it is possible for enlisted
men to become commissioned line Off
GERS without attending Annapolis at
all.
A close inspection of the foregoing
account will reveal the fact that it is
now possible for lad to enter the
navy at the, age Of seventeen on the
lowest rung Of the ladder and In con-
sequence Of promotions due to dill
gence, good conduct and ability retire
as a chief petty officer at the age of
forty seven, when he is still capable of
entering profitable employment in civil
life. on pay. including all allowances,
of 500 or more month This, it Is
needless to say, is not equaled by any
industrial institution in the country.
This article is intended to inform
young men Of the opportunities offered
by service in the navy. The bureau Of
navigation, Washington, and the navy
recruiting Office, indianapolis. Ind,
will be pleased TO furnish any addi-
honal information desired A mans
success In the navy can be measured
only by the stuff that is In him. Dill
gent attention to duty will receive its
reward. As in every field OF endeavor,
the man is the architect Of his career.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18

which are now limited to them, and
upon qualifying they will be commits
stoned assistant paymasters.
Yet another door is open to those
who have good records and ability, but
who have been unable to advance by
the channels mentioned. They may go
up through the ranks. Men who have
served continuously and reach the
grade of chief or first class petty off,
Ger are eligible for appointment as war
rant officers, with pay of from $500
to So, 400 a year. Warrant officers are
boatswains, gunners, carpenters, ma
chinists and pharmacists. To be eligi-'
Bile for this appointment seven years
service at sea, with average efficiency
of not less than So per cent, is neces-
sary, and candidates must be under
thirty-fve Warrant officers after serv-
ing four years in this grade are pro-
noted to chief warrant officers, and at
the age Of sixty-two they are retired
on three-quarters pay.
Every year twelve warrant officers
boatswains, gunners and machinists-
who are under thirty-five and have
completed four years service In the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18

sional schools maintained by the navy,
courses at which facilitate promotion
and increased pay. Men Of exception
al skill in handling the guns receive
extra compensation Of from 81 to $40
a month, depending on the size of the
gun. Divers and men in the subma-
rine service are rewarded for the risks
they assume with additional pay, and
those detailed for other duties, such as
ships taiiors, certain coxswains and
mail clerks, have an income addition
al to the pay Of their ratings.
Any disabled person who has served
as an enlisted man In the navy for ten
years and has not been discharged for
misconduct may apply for aid from the
surplus income OF the naval pension
fund, which may be granted upon the
recommended ton of board of not less
than three naval officers in suitable
amount" to be approved by the secre-
tary of the navy.
After twenty years Of service any
enlisted man disabled from sea serv'
ice by reason of age or inflrmity and
who has not been discharged for mis-
conduct shall, if he so elects, be en-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18

light, amounting to S15.75 a month.
For retirement all service in the navy,
army or marine corps is credited.
In case of loss of life in active serv-
ice the dependent relative designated
as beneficiary receives such pensions
as are prescribed by the law, and when
disabilities are incurred in the line Of
duty disqualifying man for further
naval service he receives pension al
lowance, regulated according to the Sc
robustness of the injury.
Good conduct is, Of course. essential
to success In every walk. and, although
bad conduct noncompliance with the
regulations, hardness and slovenly de-
portment) can be tolerated least Of all
in military professions. the men who
cOmport themselves well during two
enlistments Of four years each may.
upon the recommendation of their re-
spective captains, wear the good con
duct medal. which carries with 1t SO
cents month additional pay.
Good conduct Is rewarded also with
more frequent and extended leave
than that allowed offenders of Gisci-
pline. Leave is always granted to men
with good records as frequently as
conditions allow, and during the Christ
mas holidays it Is extended over a
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18

may be made, and interest is paid at
the rate Of per cent per annum. That
the sailor Is a saving man Is conclu-
sively shown by the figures, $270
being on deposit on Dec. 81 last
Considering the hazards of the sea.
the loss of life and limb is small. To
those who may by extreme and heroic
daring have endangered their own
lives in saving or endeavoring to save
the lives Of others from the perils of
the sea gold life saving medals may be
awarded. and In cases not sufficiently
distinguished to deserve recognition In
gold silver medals may be bestowed.
Uncle Sam takes pretty good care of
his navy boys. 1t will be seen from
the foregoing how he rewards contin-
uous service. good conduct, bravery un-
der fire and heroism in peace; how he
nurses in time Of illness and in their
old age provides comfort for those who
serve him long Many avenues to pro-
motion, with increased compensation,
are also available to all in the service.
But that is rather the subject Of an
other story. To those, however. who
are interested complete information
will be sent direct by the bureau of
navigation at Washington or the navy
recruiting station. indianapolis, Ind.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18
ORIGIN OF "oLlvER TWIST"
Got His Principal Character
From Cruikohank.

Dickens Got HE Principal charaetscS
From CruikshsNk.
The true story Of the origin OF ''Oli.
YER twist Is not generally known. It
10 this:
After the amazing success OF the
"Pick wick Papers Dickens was think.
Ing of following II up By = story OF
London life. with which he was more
familiar than with English country
life. Just about that time he happened
to visit the studio OF George Cruik-
shank and was shown some dra wings
the latter had made illustrating the
career Of a London thief There was
q sketch Of Fagin's den. with the Art
full Dodger and Master Charley Bates.
pictures Of Bill Skies and bis dog ana
Nancy Skies and. lastly. Fagtn In the
condemned cell.
Dickens was much struck by the pow.
Or Of these character sketches, and the
result was that be changed the whole
plot OF OLIVER Twist" lnsteAd ut
taking him through spiritiess adven-
lures in the country he introduced him
into the thieves den In London. show
ed up their life of sin, but brought hls
hero through pure and Undecided
Thus it will he seen that George
,Cruikshank. not Charles Dickens. was
the originator Of the leading cbarac.
ters that appear in "Ohver Twist
London Saturday Review.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-05-18
A Case For Tact.

There are ladies ON the jury"
They ought to favor lady de.
PENDANT"
I'VE shall have to be exceedingly
careful. don't think 1t wouid M
good policy for our fair client to dress
better than they dO"-kaasas City
journal