The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-09-09
CHINA REGAINS IAL POW ER
 FOR MONGOLIA
Recent Treaty With Russia AL lows Resumption G Con
 trol of Territory.

Peking, Sept 9-China Is about to regain nominal control of Outer Mon golia, which declared its freedom from Chinese suzerainty at the begfn- ming of the revolution in 1911 and set up asfaa inde dependent EoYernT1feuti with the EJrga Kltultu as sovereign. z
 Tn accordance with the recently perfected Chino = Russo = Mongolian Agreernent.. Outer Mongolia again re-. cognizes Chlna's suzerainty, but be- comes alltonamous and retains its right to administer it's Internal af-' fairs and engage in international ne-s gotiations respecting commerce. and
 This Agreement was signed by re- presentatfves Of China. Russia and Mongolia at KAchta. on June Land -becamess effective medlately, all. though he formal ratification will not talSe place until late in Septena- m at VI Ilp was chiefly respoqsi ble for the successful negotiat ttons, will then go to Ufgas the ancient Mongolfan Capital. accompanied by aid es and three hnndred and fifty soldiers; pre- paraterg to conferring the titlessof Khan upon the Kl1tuktu This will be done with great ceremony un der the direction of Mr. Chen-1o, who. will re- main in Urga as the Chinese Digni- tary representing Presi denfl s Sht-kai.
 
 Mongolia in former centuriess Mr. Chen-1o and his party will not ride carneIs northWard from Peking across the great Esobi desert, but will travel by the Trans sf berian Railway to, Lake Bzffsl. 2 zp fas:zsa a ttoIneblle will carry them southward.
 Mongolia is. .a great < sl1ps ps1rYeyed land. Its 1nhabitanfs are chiefly wandering tribess There are probably nearly a million of them. but no een-I sl1ss as ever been made. The state contains about I, 368,O0O square miles. IL is five times as large as Texas. New York could be ineIuded within it's hound a ries tWenty-seven times and ! it would make ten Car ifornias.
 Outer Mongolia. is a diy . ion which is poorly dfstfn guished from Mnngo- lia proper n most maps it is trac- ed "a ague portion Of M Mongolia adjoinin g Siberia It's bounda4fes are as indefinite As it's pu1i tfcaI status has been foE eenEurz Outer M ongoIIa claimed to al Adongolia and as~ tire geogra phical division known as Mongoaia efIl it threw off Chinese rule pFetended to speak for. all Monsosfa.s HoweHser there were cer- tai1r p6rffons of the country 4hiehl insisted they re1nain n loyal to sChina.
 BecaA9&A Of the slli it tiessn ess of t he 1ld t l7eEr dslfke Of vprIx.ssI ChinesH f1a nd prof ia h1e to locate thene ent1iries go and engaged in far EIai nis cT T11da n anu ct1rIn in dus- tries an q trad Russia always feaTt ed Mol pIfa V olild afford the Chinese a gateH ay to Siberia and acted strict ne dsla4ipn tos keep the Chinese 6aIta1 the Ezl tor east of a.aSe Isai-l kali
 8uter Mongolia for tIas Mongn-| lianss has been Russia wat oh word 1 for many years Increasing Chinese irnnai grafton to Mongolia, together with the increase in the Chimes po- litica1 Influence, alarmed Russia,l " aich reasoned that the MengoliaIls wefe So few and thfiftIess they would | never irnpern Russian interests in si- iberia
 Wien Outer Mongolia threw off| Chinese rule. Russia recognized the independent government set up by the treaty in which fheN new power was called sdengolia and not ts0uter Mongolia. z China feared Russia was about to annex Mongolia J apan aIso began an active extension of it's i'm fluencea in tn e chaotlc country Con- seduentIy Chinese officials made every effort to conciiiate Quter Mongolia and soon discovered that Russia had no desire, apparently. to annex Mon l go1ia, but merely desired that itx bel maintained as an autonomous state which would stand as barrier bel
 
 south of 1t, with whom the Russian i peasant cannot compete.
 TEndersthe trfpartite agreement a cpTnnnission named s-g the particIpat-| of autonomous Mong This; com mission Is to begin it's work within two years. Its task will probably be long and trying There have never been surveys and the dividing line between Outer Mon goliaN and Mongolia
 
 light zone. and the Nause of heated
 Anbffious Outer Mongolia 1eaderssI hoped to induce Russia to support them in uniting all Mongolia in an in dependentxpoWer CT. and were unwilling to consid turning to Chinese pro- tection until 1t became clear that Rus sia would not lend Fh ern a hand in 'takins over Inner Mongolia and creat- ing an all -Me ngolfan governnn ent. z Russia gets exemption from duty1 on all Russian goods entering Mon golia and on all Mon go1tan goods ex- ported to Russia F7e agreement grants Chinese goods the same treat Tnent that China gives Mongolian goods. Chinese goods entering Mon golia from the north. are to enjoy the same treatment as, Russian goods.
 China will direct the Mongolianl ppstoffices, while the Mongolian gov- ernnent vii supervise it's own tele-t graph sHnes-z sFHsache nation will main tain court at Urga and all defend-I ants will be tried in their own courts 1 President Yuan Shf-Kai has already. issued an amnesty for the lea ders in strumentaI in Influencing Outer Monr goiia to throw off Chinese rule
 While Outer Mongoliaa for centuries l had a sort of semi i-autonon1y. which | was guaranteed by the Manchu rulers, | it never previously enjoyed full auto-t nonny under Chinese directions such 1 as it has now come into. However, both China and Russia are believed | to have had a distinct diplomatic tri- umph in the settlement of Outer Mon goifa's status. Under the new agree rfert Outer Mongolia may direct its interior affairs without outside in fuence. China has regained territory which is almost one third Of the Re