davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
WILL OPPOSE SUIT
BROUGHT BY Wife
Hollis, In Newfoundland, Sends
Notice TO Clerk Of Court

United States Senator Henry r.
Hollis OF New Hampshire will contest
the suit recently entered by his wife
for legal separation and alimony.
This information came in a teIe-
gram from Hollis to George w.
Fletcher, clerk of the superior court
for Merrimac county. The telegram
was dated Grand Bank, N. r. 1t
notified the clerk to enter his appear
ance in the case and informed him
that the answer to the bill filed by
his wife through Counsel Streeter had
been mailed.
The answer will not reach Con-
cord for several days, but it may shed
some light on why Hollis left his
wife several years ago and his rea-
sons for demanding that she divorce
him.
Murchie Bros, his law part
ners, say the telegram to the clerk of
the court is confirmation of the state
ment made in the dispositions OF
Alexander Murchie that the senator
was engaged in hunting and fishing in
Newfoundland and that he could be
easily reached by mail or telegraph.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
Making the Little
Farm Pay
By c. c. BOWSFIELD

People who are taking little farms
with view to getting a living income,
together with the advantages of a ru-
raj home, naturally give great deal of
thought to the earning capacity of an
acre, and there is much discussion of
this subject.
l have visited ten and twenty acre
farms, both north and south, where
the vegetable crops were paying $500
to 800 an acre above the cost of the
labor. l have known celery, onions,
caulihower, lettuce, tomatoes and sew
eral other vegetables to give a net re-
turn Of $500 to $500 an acre. Cabbage
and beans will sometimes do this also,
but less frequently than the others.
Potatoes may be made to average 500
to $500. Asparagus, rhubarb, cucum-
bers and horseradish rank high as
money crops, but still are little be-
hind some Of the others.
Numerous instances can be cited of
small fruits returning $500, and apples,
peaches, cherries, pears, ounces and
plums $500 an acre or more. By add
ing canning or preserving business
the family on little farm may add
largely to these profits. 1t is hardly
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
FACTOR IN COMMUNITY LIFE.
United States Just Beginning to Real.
ize Importance of Better Hiohways.

United States Just Beginning to Real
ize Importance of Better Highways.
No single factor plays such an inn
portant part in the social and business
life Of community as the quality of
its roads. Aside from the pleasure and
convenience Of travel possible at all
times over permanent roads there is
the financial phase which directly con-
Germs the cost not only Of farm produce,
but Of city products as well; conse-
quently everybody wants good roads.
In the matter Of paying for perma-
nent highways a generally satisfactory
agreement seems to have been reached
in the proposed distribution of the cost
between the nation, the state, the coun-
ty and the users of the road in ques-
ton. AS a result within a few years
this country will take its rightful lead
ing position among the nations of the
world in the number of miles of perma-
nent roads
In way it is fortunate that the
United States has been rather slow in
the matter of rOadmaiiGg. The roads
can now be built of lasting materials,
such as will withstand the wear of
motor traffic, which is fast running Eu.
ropes century old rOadways. Lasting
road materials are everywhere present
in the form of sand and gravel from
pits and stream beds and crushed rock
from stone QuarrieS Combined with
portland cement into concrete they
form an Inexpensive and permanent
road surface which successfully resisus
the usually destructive action of auto
mobiles.
The first consideration in the build
ing of concrete roads is Il careful study
of local deposits of sand, gravel and
rock called the aggregated to see
whether they are suitable for concrete.
Sand must be clean and hard and must
grade uniformly in size of grain from
one-quarter inch down. The same APP
plies practically to gravel and crushed
rock.
There are two phases of the cost of
any mprOyement-tirSt cost and up
keep expense In both items the con-
crete road has proved less expensive
than any other kind Of permanent
roadway. OF some three million yards
of city and country concrete pave
ments built in recent years the aver
age first cost has been 100 a square
yard. The annual upkeep expense a
mile on these roads has been almost
nothing. In Bellefontaine, O., concrete
pavements in use eighteen years have
cost annually for maintenance only
One-quarter of one cent square yard.
tpkeep cost of Wayne county, Mich,
country concrete roads for three years
has averaged but $3.50 a mile
In 1911 the mean cost of repairing
macadam roads in New York state was
$500 a mile-10 per cent of the first
cost. If these roads had been con-
crete, practically all the immense ex-
pense could have been saved and used
in building new roads instead Of re-
pairing old ones. With better roads
will come better schools, better church
es. happier homes, better business and
decreased cost of living
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22

WHERE VEGETABLE CROPS WE'RE PAYING. |
necessary to say that the kind of prod |
ucts must, to great extent, be regu-
lated by convenience to market, the
special demands of certain trade and
the ability to sell to private customers
at retail prices.
1t takes both skill and industry on
the part of a family to run a little
farm ON this intensive plan. Some
will do the work indifferently and will
fall short of the figures given. Others
may prefer to devote their time to
poultry, cattle and hogs, and there is
no reason Why they should not get a
good living income from a twenty acre
tract where dairying, hog raising and
poultry management are the main fea-
lures, Everything depends on the
owner and his family. The average
production in America of an acre of
corn is under thirty bushels an acre.
though more than eight times this
amount have been grown. The aver
age potato crop is less than 100 bushels
times this number of bushels have been
produced. When the intensive method
is used the productive value of an acre
of land would seem to the average
farmer as fabulous.
There are three crops with which
beginner may specialize, as they fit
well into a rOtative scheme and are al
ways in good demand. These are early
cabbage. Early potatoes and late eel
cry. In making garden raise two or
more crops in one season these prod
ucts should be considered. OF potatoes
the farmer may try Irish Cobbler
They are about as early as any, are Of
uniform size and the quality is good.
The seed tubers are selected in the fall
kept in a cool cellar till about the mid
die of March and then are put in shall
low Slated boxes. If placed in a light
and modeStely warm room by the
time it is safe to plant them they will
have thrown out strong sprouts posi-
bly, an inch long. Do not break these
sprouts. Keep them uppermost in
planting. Each piece of tuber should
have at least two eyes. A potato crop
SO handled will be quite early and pay
accordingly There are a number of
late growing crops which can then be
put in the ground and brought to ma
turity by September or october,
To have cabbageS headed early in
July it is necessary to have them set
out before the middle of April The
plants may be bought from dealers or
the seed started in cold frames. In
buying call for early varieties. The
cabbageS are set two feet apart each
way and on a fair piece of ground will
grow a crop worth $500 at an average
Vt cents a head. The late celery can
follow on this ground or the potato
land, and it is also feasible to grow
.adishes, beets, carrots. turnips, lettuce
and many other things.
Celery may be treated as a highly
profitable crop. 1t deserves the most
intelligent care. AS moisture is need
ed regularly it will pay to have
cheap irrigation outfit. Without water
celery is not crt3p or tender. A light
sprinkling of nitrate of soda along
the rows he his crop.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
CEREALS IN NORTH DAKOTA.
Spring Wheats Give Better Results
Than Winter.

Spring Wheats Give Better Results
Than Winter.
Since 1908 the federal bureau of
plant industry has co-operated with
the North Dakota agricultural expert
ment station in making a series of ex-
periments with cereals. This work has
been conducted at the Williston sub
station. Following are some of the
effort:
First. - Spring wheats have given
better results than winter wheats.
Second.-Except in the dry years,
1910 and 1911, the durum wheats have
produced higher yields than the COM
mon spring wheats.
Third.-Kubanka durum wheat gave
the highest average yield of all the
spring wheats tested from 1908 to
1914, inclusive-29.9 bushels to the acre.
Power fife wheat stood second for the
same period, producing 2S.6 bushels to
the acre.
Fourth.-The best three varieties of
oats for the seven years are: Album
dance, with an average yield of G6.4
bushels to the acre; Lincoln, 65.9
bushels, and Siberian. G4.5 bushels.
These are all midseason varieties. The
late maturing varieties, such as White
Russian and the very early varieties,
Sixty Day and KhersOn, have yielded
much less than the midseason varie-
ties.
Fifth.-Rate Of seeding tests with
Swedish Select oats indicate that the
best yields are obtained by sowing
from four to six pecks to the acre
Sixth.-The six rowed group Of bar
ley has yielded better than the two
rowed group The highest average
yield for the seven years, 1919 bushels,
has been produced by the Wiliston
No. no. a strain of Manchuria barley.
Seventh. - Emmer and spring rye
have not given so high average yields
as oats, barley or wheat.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22

ton or it may be found on investiga-
ton that there is a good natural mix
ure OF sand and clay forming the wear
ing surface
Analysis of the best natural sand
clay mixtures will show that the sand
forms about 10 per cent Of the whole.
The test is simple. Weigh into an or
binary medicine glass two ounces Of
the dried mixture and wash out the
clay. Dry the remaining sand and
weigh again. The loss in weight will
represent the amount of clay originally
contained in the mass.
The theory of the sand-clay mixture
as road building material is that
the clay fills the voids between the
grains of sand firmly binding them to-
gether. After the material Is found the
process Of building the road is simple
Before placing any sand-clay on the
road the road should be graded to the
desired width. Most engineers prefer
to have width for the road of about
twenty feet, exclusive of side ditches
which are each usually about three feet
wide Sand-clay Is cheap, and it is
best that sixteen feet of the graded
width twenty feet be surfaced. This
will leave two or three foot shoulder
on either side. The surface of the
graded road should be fiat or slightly
convex. The sand-clay should be put
on from eight to twelve inches in
thickness, depending on the character
Of the subGrade or foundation Where
you have a hard clay for foundation
eight inches Of sand-clay will suffice.
If the foundation is sand, it is well to
put on as much as twelve inches Of
the surfacing material. After a few
hundred feet of surfacing material has
been placed Il grading machine should
be run Over it to smooth and crown the
road before the top becomes too hard.
1t is a good plan to turn the blade of
the machine out and trim the edges Of
the surfaced part, discharging the ex-
cess sand and clay on to the earth
shoulders. After one round trip with
/ the blade turned out the remaining
| dress work with the machine should
be with the blade turned in. with the
/ exception of one trip down the center
of the road with blade at right angle
to the axis of the road for the purpose
Of distributing any excess material left
in the center.
After the machine work it is well to
follow with a split Fog drag, which
smoothes any rough places left by the
machine and leaves the road with a
smooth, even surface. 1t must be borne
in mind that a sand-clay road, unlike
short space of time. 1t can, of course,
be left in an apparently finished condi-
ton, with a hard smooth surface, but
it will be found on close examination
that the hard surface is in reality only
a crust, underneath which are several
inches of loose material. After the
first hard rain the crust softens. the
road gets bad and the work appears to
be a failure This. however. is just
what is needed to make it eventually
] SO'bs 4Nlltl lHt lob'l nus III leu ulllll
In plastic state it should be dragged
until the surface is once more smooth
with the proper crown. and should be
kept this way by dragging at least
once day until the sun has baked II
hard and firm. The mistake of keep
ing traffic off during this process of re.
setting should not be made
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22

old, well rotted manure to land at the
rate Of ten tons to the acre, which may
be supplemented with commercial fer
-1.Iltr containing ammonia, ! to D per
cent: available phOSphoriC acid, 8 per
cent: potash, per cent, applied broad
EAST after blowing at the rate of half a
ton to the acre. Plow the land as
deeply as possible. Celery requires
good feeding to produce q marketable
crop
1t is a good plan to pillow in the ma
nure in the fall and harrow literally in
the spring If commercial fertilizer is
used it should be applied before har-
rowing. Go over the ground a few
times with smoothing harrow, each
time in different direction, and be
sure the soil is fine and even.
Then mark out the rows four feet
apart The markings need not be deep
nor wide. Any ordinary one horse
corn marker or lister may be used BY
all means keep the rows straight and
uniform. Just as soon as the ground Is
ledhA W IGNClNC lllC pltL1lo anu bhCJ
are ready to be set out, say about the
LIST of June, the work should proceed
without unnecessary delay. Let each
planter have dibbler or stick to make
hole in which to put the plant and
see that he takes pains to firm the soil
well around the roots. The plants
should be set about five or six inches
apart in double rows. On the whole, il
Is an easy matter for people who are
accustomed to such work to set out
plants in this kind of soil.
Where a pretty large field is being
planted to celery good results have
been attained in the following way
Mark off rows four feet apart and fur.
row with stirring pillow, turning the
ridges in the same direction. Set the
plants six inches apart in the side OF
the furrow next the ridge. In subSe
queut cultivation keep the burrows
open and use them as bitches for wa
fer III case of drought. Permit ne
weeds to grow and cultivate the grOunC
after each application of water,
When the plants have attained the
proper size for use the leaves ar,
brought into an upright position by
boards placed on either side Of the
row, 50 that they slope toward the
plants at the top, or else by dirt draw
against the plants and packed firmly
around them The object of this is t.
cause the leaves to take an uprigh
position and exclude the light from the
heart Of the plant 50 that the latte
growth is white or bleached. The proc
ess of bleaching requires from two t.
four weeks. Plants may be set out a
any time and seed may be started il
the house.
Celery is difficult to handle in small
garden on account of the amount o
soil required to hill it up in the fall
This problem has been solved by plant
ing four rows of celery in a foot deel
trench with two rows of sweet corn OF
either side of it. The corn is off b,
the time the celery needs billing AM
the soil from the corn is available.
Celery must have length of stalk t.
be fancy, and unless the grower pre-
duces fancy good, fancy prices cannC
be obtained. Cultivation is the onl,
way to produce long stalks of celery
Frequent stirring of the soil aids tn
plants to get hold Of their food.
gives life to the soil and promote
thrift and luxuriance.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
IN BOSTON MARKETS

Quotations given here are strictly
wholesale and retailers must expect
to pay more for small lots
Butter-NOrthern creamery extras,
291s m3Oc; western creamery extras
281a @29c; western tirsts, 27@2Sc.
Cheese-York state fancy, $50
151ac; fair to good, 13@14c; Young
America, 16m1612c.
Eggs-Choice hennery and nearby
45m46c eastern and western extras
41M42c; western prime tirsts, 81
S3c; western frsts, 3O@3lc; storag
extras, 25A q 26c; storage tirsts,
231a M24Rc.
Dressed poultry-Northern fowl, IL
m19c; native broilers, 22024c; ma
tive roasting chickens, large, 23W
Csc; native squad, $3q3. so doz; ma
tive pigeons, 81 1902 doz; native
green ducks, l6@17c; green geese,
22@23c.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
SAND-CLAY IN
ROADMAKINC
Best Methods Of Improving
Earth Highways.
GREAT VALUE TO FARMERS.

The Office of Public Roads Advises
That In Lieu Of an Engineer the
Farmers Themselves Should Look
Over and Attend to the Old Earth
Highways.
In view Of the fact that at the be-
ginning of the year no less than 80 per
cent or approximately 100000 miles
of the roads of the country were Of
the ordinary earth type, it is important
that the farmer understand the best
methods Of improving such roads.
The Office Of the public roads ad-
vises the communities to have an en-
gineer go over the old earth highways,
or, in lieu of an engineer, that the
farmers themselves should see to it
that the roads are so graded that the
bitches or cutters are parallel with the
center line of the road. Cutters must
have a uniform grade and be of sutfl-
cient capacity to keep the surface well
drained. Drainage is the most i'm
portant feature of an earth road.
Every farmer who lives in a section
where both sand and clay are prev
alent travels occasionally over some
particular spot in the road which is al
ways good and rarely requires atten-
ton from the road hands. Good drain
age may be responsible for this condi-
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
Making the Little
Farm Pay
By c. c. BOWSFIELD

Celery is unsurpassed as a money
making crop in any part of the coun-
try If the farmer provides the right
conditions The market is constant and
prices at the lowest will return profit
OF $500 to $1,000 an acre for a good
crop.
A celery grower must make up his
mind at the outset that water has to be
provided In case of drought Without
a regular system Of irrigation it may
be necessary to haul water to the field
In barrels a number of times, but this
work will be fully paid for In the extra
quality of the celery crop. On account
of the possibility Of having to haul wa
ter 1t is best to locate the celery patch
close to the well.
Celery is naturally swamp plant
and thrives best in a moist, rather cool
soil, but such land is not always avail
able. and the higher and drier soils
have to be used For this crop apply
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
Farn1lnd In Denmark.

Denmark has been termed the para
disc Of the small proprietor Nearly
two-thirds Of her population make u
living, ANA a good living, from the
land, One-hNlf Of the aglicuitursts bc
ing their own masters. The secret Of
success has lain in technical education
Ini cooperation. Every farmer, big or
'tIc. belongs to one Of the great co
operative associations. which guide him
IN the care of the land and cattle and
dispose of his produce to the best nd
vantage without the needless waste
competition The result Of the system
richest countries In Europe in proper
ton to her size.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
FALL AND SPRING FLOWING.

August and September Rains Often
Make Autumn Flowing Advisable.
Prepared by United States department of
agricultural
The average yields of spring crops.
such as wheat, oats and corn, in the
great plains area from spring and
from fall blowing show that the blind
following of a rule prescribing any
particSlar time of blowing might cause
reduction as often as it does an in
crease in the yields. The great varia-
ton in the time and amount of pre-
cipitatiOn in this region must be con-
stantly kept in mind when considering
the time of blowing. No dependence
can be placed on heavy precipitation
in August and September, yet it fire.
uuently occurs. AS moisture is con
Sidered the most important factor in
crop production in the great plains
area, its conservation is the primary
object in cultivation.
Stubble, weeds and uneven ground
are common means of retaining snow
and holding Il large part of the winter
precipitation. In deciding when field
should be ploWed the question of
"neln'I EIe''t' 'l,lo,'il' Vi I!io'SIule
will be accumulated by holding the
snow that falls than will be dissipated
by the growth Of weeds is paramount
1t must be GcridpI by the man on the
..f.tI1DJ. In .rr,.-y-tviuU tbis 1lIocffO az.
-Io"IIu' III '''S '.lliN '"lS queH'!oI
al l"''o'9 l'''N' 'e Nol!Sl'leie ''
''iI'l@, ''t ""'ou"t Vi ll'olH' ule az
,r""S III '"e sui 'i'"' l,'"H oe IoS'
t.iouSH "''u I'o" H. u,e 'l'ou'Ir
,'l'e peIoIt '''e N't,iH WIN ''e NIlle"
~ IioS' .''e l''N'i'!ll'N u ilIvl eI9ll!T
nc ""''i III ''Oi '-e III inc sun ~ iiolu-
'"7 ''ne siIoN :" - ''"''' ',le van,
VI VI S'| VIZ u ',,' ~ 'opie anu
Ne'"S "le i'l'loN'H "llu the 'lSlrlou-
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
GOOD ROADS AND FARMERS.

1t costs more for the farmers
OF America to carry their crops
TO the railroad station than it
costs to carry these crops from
the railroad stations to the CEN
trail market.
These prices are not always
shown In the price list or in the
statement of annual expendi-
lures, but they are facts never
theless, and 1t behooves the farm
er therefore to see to it that this
item in the expense of market
ing is reduced to a minimum.
Let him have a good road all
the year round. so that he can
do a great part of his hauling to
the railroad station and away
from 1t at periods of The year
when he can do very little farm
work.-Home and Farm.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
COVER WITH TERROR
Children Remain All Night With
Mother Who Had Killed Herself

Trembling with terror and clinging
tightly to each other through the
night, the two little children of Mrs.
Samuel w. Wagner covered in their
bed until dawn while their mother,
who had shot herself twice with a
S-calibre revolver, lay dead on the
floor near them.
The children, Olive and George, 10
and 8 years of age, respectively g,
said they were too frightened to leave
the room.
The woman and her children were
Eastman at Lakeport, n. H. Mrs.
Wagner obtained a divorce from her
husband several months ago.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
GET READY THE SILO.

1t will save time if the silO and
machinery are all ready before
they have to be used. I'll silOS
should be cleaned thoroughly
and any leaks or weak places re-
paired. A thin cement wash can
be applied to stone, brick, or con-
crete walls. Wood silOs may be
painted with boiled linseed oil or
hot creosOte. One gallon of the
latter will cover 200 square feet
of surface, two coats. The creo-
sote should be heated to just I'M
der the boiling point, but care
must be taken to prevent its boil
ing over into the fire. A large
kettle like those used in making
soft soap is suitable for heating
and the creOsote may be applied
with a brush the same as In
painting, allowing the first to dry
before the second Is put ON.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1915-10-22
Peach Seeds of Value.

At fruit-canning plant in Califor-
MIA a thousand tons of peach seeds
were accumulated last season. They
were cracked by special machinery,
and the meats shipped to Germany,
where they were used in the manu-
facture of prussic acid and some other
products. The meats were also proc
essed by the Germans to make the
bitter almonds OF commerce. The
canning company sold the shells as
fuel