Arizona republican., 1915-11-14

-' e'9 st pIdctlcal need as a practical way out Moreover, we are slow to See that however, impossible it mas been in the past. yet the world l'as now reached the stage where it will be for the selfish interest of inc WarFlnS nations to favor the sub Sututlon of law for war to the great est practical degree, in order that they may avoid the same fate that teteil the Balkan states, when after having won the victory they made war among themselves over the terms of settlement.
 The Machinery of Peace
 The statesmen of the world. the internationalists and thinking men of The world are almost unanimous that the machinery for the substitution of law for war should consist of:
 CD An international court for settlement of all judicial! questions that is questions which can be judged by law
 (2) An international court of con- ciliation for all other questions
 t3) Some form of force to compel nations to submit disputes to these tribunals before going to war
 (D International conferences for making or amending international law.
 The Ecohomic Boycott
 In dealing with economic non-in- tercOurse we should bear in mind that this plan takes effect automatic ally vixen nations go to war. It is important to keep this III mind, be- cause it is sometimes argued that non-intercourse would be a more ex- pensIve weapon than war. Whereas it is to be noted that no nation goes to war without enforcing non-inter- course against it's enemy. No nation for instance. trades with a nation with which it is at war, and in this present war the economic boycott has been carried much farther.
 Classes Of Non-lntercourse
 (al The prohibition of buying from or selling to offending nations.
 Oh) The prohibition cf all finan- cial intercourse with citizens of the offending nation or it's national gov ernment.
 Co The prohibition Of all postal, telesraphic. telephonic and wireless communication with the offending nation.
 
 ment of any debts due to the citi- zens or corporations of the offending nation.
 Ce) Tie prohibition Of the clear ance of any of the ships of the of lending nation from the ports of any of the signatory nations.
 (f) The prohibition of ;rn forms of passenger traffic tc or flom the re- calciurant state. (Other than the exit of foreigners.)
 Terrible to Incur and Difficult 10
 Fight
 It is the deterrent effect of or ganized intercourse which would make war less likely, since it would be a terrible penalty to incur, and one more difficult, in a sense. to fight against than military pressure. Another advantage would be that it's systematic organization would tend to make. any subsequent military ac- ton by the cooperating nations more effective. Moreover. many states that for various reasons may not be able or willing to cooperate with military force could cooperate with their economic force, and so render the action against the offending state more effective.
 Another advantage of the system of economic On-intercourse is the possibility of distributing the loss so that it will not fall unduly on any one class of the community. That can be done. as it was at the begin ming of this war in Europe, through the establishment of moratoria, through the discounting of debts due ictc n 0ifiZpnS and by advancing money to dispro- portionateIy affected industries and by similar measures.
 Other Steps to Permanent Peace
 It is true that other remedies will also be required if we are to have permanent peace These include a proper recognition of nationality; proper geographic adjustments so as to allow freedom of egress to the worlds markets for all nations; the abolition of the favored nation" clause in every tariff law. so that nations. while retaining the right to make their own tariffs. yet all low all other nations equal oppor- tunity to trade with them. and many ether adjustments. But the interna- t!onal court and council is fundamen- tai b all this. for the very existence cf sucH remedies" will give addi- tional causes for war. if there exists no other means than war for inter- Dreting them when the inevitable differences arise.
 Initiative by the United States
 If we American business men will do our share towards influencing the president and congress to bring it 3 hOut that the Tinted States will take the initiative in this work. there IS a very great probability of its success, for there may be in that case at the close of the war an agreement in existence between the L Inr hi inn