davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-12-20
In Memoriam.

BROWN. In loving remembrance OF our dear
mother. HENRIETTA BROWN. who departed
this life nine years ago today. December q.
1906.
We often sit and think Of mother
When all alone:
For memory il the only friend
That grief can call its own.
Sleep on oh. darlin: mother
II is 50 sweet TO breathe I'll. uanc;
In life lo,rd thee dearly;
In death do the same.
SARAH. EMMA. MARY. REDECtA AND
JAMES.
HArLE. In loving remembrance of u dear VT,
and mother. KATIE HAFLE. who died siA
years ago today December ~. 1900.
BY THE FAMILY.
sIEGEI. In sad hut loving rcmcmhau,e Of my
this life year today. December d.
1919.
How | love To think Of Anna
How ! love the cherished past.
But I know not what she suffered,
My darling wife. until its last.
bays of sadness stiIi come "'cr INC,
Tears OF sorrow | let flow
But | know that she's angel
Who left me a year ago.
BY HER HUSBAND
ToI.LRER In loving Remembrance Of my ,lrar
mother in law EMMA TpI.LINER. wno did
one year ago today. December 10. iaIt
MAMIE.
WHITE In loving rrmemhraucc Of our wife an
mother. FANNIE Is. WHITE, wlo departed
this life year ago today. De- einoer 2u.
1914.
One iou- year. dear mother,
Since you left and Slipped away.
To be with God and His angels,
That was sad December day.
BY IER HuSBAND AND CHILDREN.
Evening star., 1915-12-20
NAVY POET" TO WE'D.
Patrick McGill's Bride Will Be
Cardinal Gibbons Grandniece.

Correspondence Of the Assoca ted Press.
LONDON, December 4.-Patrick Nc
Gill, who began life as laborer.
came into fame as the author of
Children of the Dead End and lately
distinguished himself by his bravery
at Loos, will have a wedding in Lon
don that many aristocrats would envy.
Among the guests invited to the
luncheon that follows the ceremony
are the Duke and Duchess of Hamil-
ton, Viscount Esher. Lady St Heller
and Canon and Lady Dalton. with his
publisher, Mr.. Herbert Jenkins, as his
best man.
McGill is known as the NAVY poet"
the word navy meaning locally a
road laborer. When the war broke
out he enlisted in the London Irish.
When wounded at Loos he was rescu-
ing under fire some of his companions
who had been shot down. On an
other occasion shell burst above his
head and killed or wounded every man
in his section without giving him a
scratch. His own wound in the fleshy
part of the arm will soon be healed,
when he will return to the firing line.
The authors bride is Miss Margaret
Gibbons, a grandniece of the cardinal
and herself writer.
Evening star., 1915-12-20
HOLD q. S. OFFICER AS SPY.
Lieut.. Dyer Detained at Singapore
Because He Lacked Passports.

The War Department has been un-
officially advised that Lieut. Edward
l.. Dyer of the Coast Artillery, who
had been given three months leave of
absence from duty in the Philippine
Islands, is detained in Singapore as a
German spy, having neglected to OBJ
tain a passport on leaving the Philip
pines. No word from him or official
news of his detention has been re-
ceived.
Lieut.. Dyer lett Fort Mills. P. l., Sep
tember 10 last. His leave expired five
days ago. He had planned to spend
the time travelling in the orient and
was to have gone to Puget sound FOR
detail there upon the expiration OF
his leave
Evening star., 1915-12-20
FINAL LAP IN RACE
TO BUY LAST GIFT
Just Five More Days in Which
to Do Christmas Shopping
and Mailing.
VARIED DISPLAY FOUND
IN WASHINGTON STORES
Trees and Turkeys Stocked in Stores
and Markets Ready for the Yule-
tide Festival.

The last lap of the race for that
final and forgotten present began this
morning. Just five shopping days and
evenings remain, and although the
world improves as to early Christmas
shopping and mailing, as in other ways.
it apparently is impossible not to over
look something until the last week
or, sometimes. minute. And never
have Washington stores and business
houses had as large or as varied dis
plays for the man and woman. with
or without definite ideas. but with
money in purse.
The 1916 complement of recruits of the
well known confer race have been called
already to the colors, mobilized and have
suffered terrible losses. Trim young frs,
Evening star., 1915-12-20
Decoration for E. T. Williams.

Correspondence Of the Associated Press.
PEKING. November 20.-President
Yuan Shi-Kai has conferred the deco
ration of the second-class CHA Ho
upon f. T. Williams. director of the
bureau of far eastern affairs in the
American State Department. Mr. Will
liams was formerly Chinese secretary
of the American legation at PekinS and
later first secretary and charge daft
faires in the Chinese capital. He also
served as consul general at Tientsin
and for a number of years was an Off
cial translator for the Chinese govern
ment Mr.. Williams has written num-
her of books on Chinese laws, relig-
ions and institutions. He lived for more
than twenty years in China before TAX
ing up his present work in Washing
ton, and is highly regarded by all Chi
nese officials.
Evening star., 1915-12-20
Guilty of Using Mails to Defraud.

MONTGOMERY. Ala. December 20
q. J. Thrasher, Robert c. Howard and
l.. E. Aymard have been found guilty
by a jury in the federal court of US
ing the United States mails to defraud
in the promotion of the Bankers Bond
and Finance Company, company for
the organization of country banks.
Thrasher is prominent local man.
while the other two are from South
Carolina The company which they
promoted sold stock and later went
bankrupt with assets of 81 cents.
Evening star., 1915-12-20
University Roll of War Victims.

Correspondence Of. the Associated Press.
BERLIN, December AT the Uni
versity of Berlin the roll of honor Of
it's students and professors who have
fallen in the present war already COW
ers three large blackboards. which are
surmounted by laurel wreaths, in the
main lobby of the central building
These tablets contain the names of
professors and lecturers. official and
not less than 241 students. Among the
latter are b students of theology, 30
of law, - of medicine and LIB of vari-
Gus branches >of the philosophical de-
partment.
Evening star., 1915-12-20
DIED.

BROOKS ou Friday. December Ii. 1913. at
pm. MAMIE BROOKS ,nce Green. hn,
loved wife Of Maurice Brooks aud mother of
Ulysses and Alzenia. She leaves two brothers
and four sisters.
James winslows parIors. 1sth and II streets
northwest. instead of 716 I. street. as pre-
lily. Friends invited
BUCK. on Monday. December 20, 1915 at
Rev. W ". Buck. aged cighty-six years.
Funeral from the residence of her scn. {. NJ.
Buck No. r09 LIST street northwest. on Tues
day December II. at :. O'Clock PIN. Rel
atives and friends invited. Intermcnt tpri-
vatel at Glcnwood cemetery.
CLAYTON ON Monday. December 10 1915; at
am. at his residence. 40 Lonsielow
ss,erss SsSsns s Annie P F. Ga1an
Notice of funeral later.
COOPER. On Saturday. December is, 1919. at
am, MARY L.. beloved wife OF Peter
Cooper and mother of Aiyee G. Duroo,
Wa aa1cs oier Mrs Ea Thomas and
brother. Walter Thomas.
Funeral :. pm Tuesday. DECEMBER Il. from
streets northwest. Relatives and friends re-
spcctfully invited 10 attend Baltimore.
Richmond and New York paperS please cay 90.
DE lay peeemher Is l'; Gt 80. 20 oclosk no.,
east. ROBERT E. DE LAY. husband OF
Julia De Lay: son of J. E. and the late
Funeral notice later. Norfolk papers please
copyD ~
DUTToN. On Monday. December 20. 1915, at
his home Hyattsville. Nd. THOMAS H.
DUTToN, in the eighty seventh year of bis
Funeral from his late residence Thursday. De
cembcr 23. at 2 pm. lnterment at Rock
Greek cemetery Relatives and friend. IN
yited to attend 22s
GLOETZNER. On Saturday. December IS. 1915.
at 1880 pm. at her home. lbs street
northwest. Washington. u. G.. JOHANNA.
Funeral services at the Church of the Imna- -
late Conception on Tuesday. December "a. ut
. am Friends and acluaintances invited
to attend. Interment prisate. Detroit aud
Los Angeles papers please copyD
HAWKINS Departed this life Saturday. De-
crnlber is. 1919 at las pm. RICHARD
HAWKINS. beloved son of Rebecca Brown
and brother OF James and Bessie Hawkins.
Forget me not until the life has passed =.
To still this heart of ours.
And not till this will ] forget
One word look Of thine"
BY HIS FRIENDS. MAMIE AND ANNA
BROWN.
Funeral from his late residence Tuesday. Deccm-
Der 81. at pm.
KNOTT. On SUNDAY. December "a 1915. at /
PM ANNIE o. tnee Faulkner beloved
wife of Charles Il. Knott.
Funeral from Mount Olvet Church, Ballston, Va,
on Tuesday. December q. at :. pm. .iptcr-
uent at Mount Olivet. Va.
LOVE On Sunday. December 10. 1915, at 11:1o
pm. at Soldiers Home Hospital, Washing
ton. d. c.. THOMAS. beloved father Of
Thomas $. Love. Mrs. Frapces Davis Of New
Evening star., 1915-12-20
NAVY Mans Burns Fatal.

Jacob p. Windres of Norge, Va. chief
water tender on the U. $. $. Delaware,
is dead at the Norfolk naval hospital
from burns received in an explosion
of gas in the coal bunkers of the ship.
the Navy Department ha sannounced.
Windres, who died Saturday, had been
in the service since 1896.
Evening star., 1915-12-20
Golf Links on Gatun Dam.
respondence of the Associat ted Press.

Correspondents OF the ASSucEteu Tfess.
PANAMA, December 1.-THE broad,
fiat top of Gatun dam is to serve for a
golf course, and a club is now being
organized by officials of the Panama
canal and others. Mai. Gen. George w.
GoethaIs, u S. A., governor of the Pan
anna Canal Zone, has approved the for
nation of the club and has given per-
missiof-Sor the use of Gatun dam. The
club will be organized under the au-
spices of the Young Mems Christian AS
sociation, which already has a suitable
club building at Gatun.
Evening star., 1915-12-20
Free Zone at Cadiz, Spain.

An undated cablegram has been sent
to the Department of State by the
American consul at Seville stating that
d free zone was inaugurated December
10 at the port of Cadiz, Spain. and that
foreign goods are now admitted to bonded
warehouses duty free for re-export
Evening star., 1915-12-20
Christmas Cigars Not Forgotten.

Christmas cigars are being laid IN
by the wholesale. In cold cellars boys
are laboriously putting at bugles to See
If they have lost their lip and if
they have to regain il. in time to wake
the echoes early Saturday morning.
Uncle Sans boys in khaki who are
stationed in the District always make
a good deal of the Christmas season.
Post life seems to create this tendency.
Christmas eve the one only and orig
inal Santa Claus will appear beside
the big tree erected by the officers and
men of the lst Battalion of Engineers.
bearing gifts for the children of the
Washington barracks post. This has
been a custom of the barracks for a
number of years. The Engineer Band
will give a musical program, the tai
ented ones among the kids will give
recitations, and after the distribution
of presents refreshments will be served.
Christmas day the 700 men of the bat
TALON will sit down to a Christmas
feast in the mess hall. specially deco
rated for the purpose. each company
getting up it's own dinner along SINH
lar lines.
Evening star., 1915-12-20


York city and Mrs. Charlotte 7. Cumberland.
Funeral notice hereafter.
LYNCH. On Monday. December 20. 1915. st
l2:So am. ALICE. widow Of tho late Iohn
yneh rn I,n, Fl ,hs & residsI.e enc a. Of & be-, dagSnsr
Notice of funeral hereafter.
MCFARLAND On Sunday. December 10. 1875.
at 6;25 pm. al her residence. U.i Irving
street northwest. after long nlwss. ELLEN
BELL. wife of James $. Nacfnrland aged
Funeral from Sacred Heart Church. Iiih street
and Park road. Tuesday. December II. Mt >
am. lntcrmenf tprivaiel nt Evergreen
etery. Bladensburg, Md. pittsburgh. Pa.
and Maryland papers please copy
MARTIN. Suddenly. Monday. Dcccmhcr -.
l".s at her parent rssaen.e ne Ell
nioved daughter OF Thomas j. and katherine
Notice of funeral hereafter Il
MAEzoLF. suddenly on sunday pe-cmbcr II.
lai3 At his rcsidence. tees Otis place nort'.
hosalie L. Marzolf. in the NTH year Of his
Funeral on Tuesday. December Il. r,om his lata
residence at O'Clock Pun. Intrrmcnt prii
MURPHY. On saturday. December IL. 1918. at
22;lo m al the residence "f her daughter.
Mrs A: b. Bolac. 1o2s Bird street northeast,
BRIDGET. widow OF the late John +. Murphy.
Funeral from her late residence. No. ioes 3rd
h;5o am. Requiem at -. Alni >iGS
Church at - O'clock. Relatives aud fri"nhs
invited. ln'crmcnt AT Mount olivct crmctery.
oRcIE\ a, sa,,u,., ,,,,.,,,,,.; &c ,o,- ~
IN m 'u ,TtIn,i;x, ,atuf; ,F'rihnr ILL, " .'l'i
,rbonas a, r. i'H"i->b' "'u"" "' '"' ''''
Funeral from her late residence. $50 Mclean
her 81 Al q ncior ,gan'. =, ,n"si"S ~ ", ~.
psui'a bprci sh.r,, ra'r, 10 N, yi a
said Rai,i,. i ,,i neIu'hi .t .nss t,Tt ~
yited to attend '"' ''''"'' 20.
~ ~ a'ie""' -"
OLIVER I'm uor,., ,.o.,,,... ~ ,.,, .,
u, iVI;p "t,er @ unsrriiig ,lness. MA..
%. m Mlliiam H. Phillips aud The late Nora VI.
r,,,arni n,i'ins. ls u.,.,. ~,
nor,6oas, TrST her LATE Tsacnss ilSa rna .,rert
nor,h'ast heia'l'cs ANA Iriehd> '''',a.S
i"''ou' Il
POOLE 'n SUNDAY. Dcrem",r ~, 1919. AZ 800
a. & ~ =, h,r trSn'n'" ln'' i5th 1lrr't nnrin-
West; MaiiiL,A, wiho" 81 th" late iiamil
and "% ,t",r Msrr nnd r,1 mother 't Maria \. Young
euherai " Medn'suaf. i'"cnlher - from the
irrnlie tl"nal Church at ! r.n.
rst, im inu ~, i,'ali''s a are ,Ni'd 10 a''cna
ou,>x AN s,. ,,..,... - ,a,- 49,.
eo,Nm. rn, III SUNDAY nrccn,her 49, ini" at ~
An EDWARD. beloved son II Gertrude T.
and OF the late Jeremiah J. Quinn.
Funeral services ser, TUESDAY morning; pecencr =.
from ms laie residence. 6e 9Th street SOUTH
| west thence to s. hominic's Church. " 1crr
requiem mass will he said at "'elock for the
RICE. On December 10. 1915 MARY v. aged
scventy-four years. beloved wife OF Fred
Rice.
Funeral from W. W Deals funeral parlors. SIG
street northeast. On Tuesday. DcccmbeT
-
SCHOOLS suddenly Saturday night. ~ l.::;o
o'clock December Is 1913. HENRY
SCHOOLS. son OF the late Siuma Watkins
ana brother OF florrn"e = Dorsey. Della and
Evening star., 1915-12-20
Nooks Crammed With Gifts.

Nooks and corners. cupboards and
drawers are already crammed with
gifts, great and small. and labeled
with verbal keep out" signs Christ
mas cards are addressed, stamped and
done up in packages, according to the
distance they are going. all ready to
be slipped into the corner mail box at
the right time. Other little envelopes
contain the remembrances of Mr..
Householder for ash man, trash man.
garbage man and other public servants
of whose existence during the rest of
the year he is but dimly aware.
Clerks in the stores are beginning to
hate the alarm clock with hate that
makes their sentiments of other months
seem like purest affection, and older
and larger shoes are being ferreted out
to Offset the long hours of standing.
Washingtonians generally at frequent
intervals consult penciled lists with
corroded brows. Slowly the last rush
will gather headway until the Christ
mas eve ejaculation of There, thank
heaven. that's done" changes next
morning to Merry Christmas"
Celebrations for those away from
home and for those who. through pow
erty, would have no celebrations at all
are being arranged by various clubs
and organizations.
The Santa Claus Girl. who sees to it
that hundreds of poor children, who
otherwise would go unremembered. get
at least one gift by mail direct from
Santa Claus, has a stack of little pres
ents all wrapped, addressed and pack
ed with Christmas seals, ready for de-
livery.
Evening star., 1915-12-20

Edward Calvin, fifty-four, formerly
I of Frostburg, was found dead in bed
at the. home OF his sister. in Cumbar-
! land. Md.
Evening star., 1915-12-20

aristocratic pines, dandy spruces and
stout clod-hopping hemlocks which might
have grown to middle or old age, have
needed the orders of Minister Santa Claus
and Gen. Celebration, and have been cut
down in their prime. They are stored in
cellars attics and spare rooms against
next Friday night, when tip-toeing parents
will work on them until am, and then
be walked at o'clock with a loudly
shouted Merry Christmas
They are stacked in stores and mar
kets and are going hither and yon,
singly and in wagon loads. A number
of Washingtonians apparently go out
and cut their own, for several were
noted yesterday protruding from the
tonneaus of automobiles.
Christmas turkeys and their concom-
itants have generally been reserved for
the big eats" Saturday, and many a
man and woman. in addition to the
charitable and fraternal organizations
that make such things their Christina S
business, has reserved two, one for his
or her own and one for some less for
tunate family
Evening star., 1915-12-20

q BEiEN. On SATURDAY. pcccmt"r is. 1913. q
10 am. CATHERINE. widow 81 the ili'
Thomas O'Brien
Funeral from her late residence. $50 McLcai
avenue southwest. Tuesday morning. Decrm
her II. at o'clock: thence To ST. Ninrent d'
fsufs Church. where requiem mass will 10
said. Relatives and friends respectfully in
yited 10 attend. sOs
Evening star., 1915-12-20

MURPHY. On Saturday. December Is 1918. al
2:lo a tn., at the residence of her daughter
MIS- A. II. Bolac. lu2s Bird street northeast
BRIDGET. widow OF the late John +. Murphy
Funeral from her late residence. No. lueS 3rt
street northeast. on Tuesday. December Il. al
h:Jo am. Requiem ma>s at ~. Alnl >in'
Church AT - O'Clock. Relatives aud fri~uh,
invited. lntcrmcut at Mount ulivct cemetery
Evening star., 1915-12-20

MAIZOLF. suddenly. on SUNDAY. Dercmbcr II.
1919. at his residence A2.i Otis place uurt,~
west. GEORGE NJ. beloved Of j VI. aud
Rosalie e Marzolf in the NTH year Of his
age.
Funeral on Tuesday. December 81 from his latH
Nate. .
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-05-20
PUBLIC SCHOOLS TO
HAVE DENTAL clinic
Prof. Thurston Authorized to Provide
F15e Treatment b, for
Pupils.

Prof. Ernest L. Thurston, superintend-
ent of education, at a meeting Of the
board yesterday. was empowered by the
directors to make arrangements for the
addition to the SCHOOLS machinery" of
free dental clinic, according to the
plans of the District Dental Society.
Prof. Thurston favored the free clinics
because the caring for the teeth has a
marked effect on the Efficiency of the
pupil
Hamlin E. Cosswell was appointed di-
, rector of music in the schools to sue
coed Mrs. c. V. Byram. Prof Cogswell
has been director of the conservatory and
school Of fine arts in one of the Pennsyl-
vania state normal schools and is a
writer on musical subjects and a COM
poser. Regarding the efficient work Of
Mrs Byram, Superintendent Thurston
said:
During the present year Mrs. Byram
has been directing the music of the
schools. She undertook to do this special
work pending a settlement of the posi-
ton at my request. She has given Of
her time freely, has co-cperated in every
way and has been Of genuine help to us
in carrying along the work.
Other appointments and recommends
tons of the board were:
Grant extension of leave of absence for
three months to Miss Julia Mcclellan.
now on leave; appoint Miss Rhoda Wat
kins teacher of Latin in Central High
School temporarily.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-05-20
EUROPE WILL CD
TOSCH0OL HERE
P. P. Claxton Says War Will
Make u. S. Teacher to
the World.
DENOUNCES SMART SET
Commissioner of Education Addresses
Graduates of Fairmont
Seminary.
DENOUNCES SMART SET

When the war is over the young men
and. young women of Europe will flock
to America for an education, and the
United States then will be given an OPP
portunity to teach the world the prin-
ciples of American democracy and a new
philosophy of civilization, Phlander p.
ClaXton, United States commissioner of
education, told the 1915 graduates of Fair
mont Seminary at the Willard yesterday
afternoon.
This war will make il necessary for
the United States to take the lead in the
commerce. civilization and education of
the world said Commissioner Claxton.
land the 1915 graduates of the colleges
and ceminaries Of the country will decide
by their lives whether their country will
bear the responsibility placed upon it."
Denounces Exclusive Set.
Mr.. Claxton denounced sharply the
so-called exclusive set of society
Society is ever becoming more DEM
ocratic," he went on. land 1 pray you
to help make it more so. 1 should
hate to think that any young woman
here today would want to so forth
ciety. to cut herself off from the throb
of the world. Rather strive to i'm
prove the society of those about you"
Mr.. Claxton made a strong plea for
better homes, urging them to work
to improve the conditions under which
many children are born. in novels and
back alleys. .If you could eliminate
these conditions for single genera
ton" he declared. Il believe many
of the great problems of life would
be solved, or. at least. on the road
to solution"
He declared that while the United
States has grown with incredible speed
to be the richest nation in the world. it
is poor in the arts and mental achieve
ments that have immortalized European
countries.
Il have found" said Mr.. Claxton. that
it is not wealth and industry that causes
nation to be known and remembered:
it is the higher attachments of art and of
the mind. But the time has come when
our pioneer life is over, and We shall de-
vote ourselves to making our country
beautiful as well as rich and strong"
He predicted the enfranchisement Of
women as a certainty Of the near future.
and told the graduates that the laws of
the future will be as good as they help
make them by their influence upon soci-
ETY.. Public opinion is the molder of all
laws. and YOU must help form public
opinion"
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1915-05-20
STRIKERS should
GO FREE, HE SAYS
Clergyman Tells Commission
Conditions in Colorado Re-
gions Were ''Damnable."
" OLIGARCHY, P" HE CRIES
Justice Out of Question Now. Testi6e.
Dr.. addis-Declares Operators
Mulcted Miners.

Militant ministers OF the gospel famil-
lar with conditions in Colorado and
Wyoming, where the properties of the
Colorado Fuel and Iron Company are
located. starred at yesterdays sessions
of the Commission on Industrial Rela-
tions. with the result that John d. Rock
efeller. jr., who has already been waiting
two days to get on the stand. will not
get to testify before noon today. Rev.
Daniel S. McCorkle. in charge Of q Pres
byterian mission at Sunrise. Wyo., had
not concluded his statement when the
commission adjourned last night.
DIR. Eugene S. Gaddis. of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. formerly a camp min
lister in the Trinidad (Colo.) district. and
later superintendent of sociological work
Of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company,
told the commission of conditions that
would make him lighting parson." He
said he did not blame the Colorado
miners for resorting to violence.
Il would not punish the strikers
who resort to violence" he said in
reply to questions of Commissioner
Weinstock. III / had the say-so
they'd go scot free. I've never known
of conditions more despicabl more
damnable. than those they had to
meet. It's an oligarchy that's con-
SOlOTdQO, anu
justice under present conditions there
is out of the question"
Criticises Operators.
DIR. Gaddis' criticism of the mine
operators was for compelling the
miners to live in unsanitary condi-
tions. mulcting the miners through
the company stores, profiting indi-
rectIy through the saloon business.
interfering with the management of
the schools. and playing politics "all
along the line"
The witness said one of the officers OF
the mining company made the statement
that whenever God wants to chastise
the American people He gives us a Demo-
cratic administration"
DIR. Gaddis was discharged as superin
tendent of the company's sociological
work early in February. and he told the
commission he was let out because Of the
reports he was making on conditions in
the mining camps.
"If investiga ting committees can be
kept out of Colorado for six months" he
said, the shackles will be so riveted on
the miners again that il will take the
hellish fires of another strike to loosen
them"
Rev. Mr.. McCorkle did not get far with
his story OF conditions in Sunrise, wyo.,
but he said he had found the spirit of
unrest in the community. and that dis
with conditions was not con-
fined to the miners alone, but was ex-
pressed also by subordinate officials of
the mining company