davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The De Soto County news. [volume] (Arcadia, Fla.) 1898-1924, 1915-01-14
BORDER FIRING
CONFAB ATTEND
ED BY VILLA
SETTLEMENT EXPECTED TODAY.
CARRANZA REPORTS TERRIBLE
PUNISHMENT TO ARMY UNDER
HIS FORMER CHIEF LIEUTEN.
ANT.

FL Paso Texas. Jan. 9.-General
Hugh l.. Scott. General Francisco VII
la and Governor Maytorena, of Sono.
ra. met IN conference yesterday. the
first of series planned to solve the
problem of protecting American Dor
der towns from bullets of belligerents
on the Mexican side.
The meeting took place In tile
United States immigrant station at
the American end Of the bridge span
ming the Rio Grande between III Puso
and Juarez.
No official statement was given out
except that the first meeting was cor
dial and that IL would he continued.
villa was accompanied by his en-
tire STAFF. and General Scott 10y his
aide. Lieutenant Colonel Il. Il. L..
Mitchie. who acted as interpreter.
Governor Maytorena, who was attack
ing the Carranza garrison at Naco,
when the question came up, was
ent with his legal adviser. Generals
villa and Scott chatted socially for
an hour. The meetings will he closed
as soon as possible.
Eight thousand villa men are Ell
route toward the border, and villa
announces his intention to use them
to crush the remainder of the Car
rama border garrisons I'm towns Oppo'
site Naco and Douglas, Arizona.
The De Soto County news. [volume] (Arcadia, Fla.) 1898-1924, 1915-01-14
Carran1aists Besiege Saltillo.

Laredo. Texas. Jan. 9.-An attack
on villa troops In SaltillO was begun
by about $4,000 constitutionalist troops
about 3 o'clock yesterday morning.
Early reports from the battle stated
that hundreds already had been killed
or wounded. The Carranza forces
were attacking from the mountains
about the city and were pouring In u
fire from fifteen cannon.
The villa troops occupied SaltillO
two days ago by ruse and without n
fight. The Carranza forces there. nm
der General Antonio |. Nillareal. had
evacuated the city to proceed against
the villa forces which they met and
defeated at LaBriso and Marie, Mean
while another Villa force had marched
through the mountains to the south
east of SaltillO. entering and captur-
ing the. city. The Carranza army re-
turned I'm force early today.
Reports at noon from Carranza
sources claimed that the advantage
lay with the besiegers, but the battle
still was In progress.
The De Soto County news. [volume] (Arcadia, Fla.) 1898-1924, 1915-01-14
GERMANS CONTINUE VAIN
| ATTEMPT TO BREAK THE
LINES OF THE ALLIES

HE FRENCH FORCES REPULSE
ATTACKS MADE BY THE Enc
NN, AND CONTINUE ACTIVE
ARTILLERY OPERATION IN
THE REGION OF AMIENS. THEY
ALSO CAPTURE MANY BIPOR.
TANT HILL POSITIONS.
The De Soto County news. [volume] (Arcadia, Fla.) 1898-1924, 1915-01-14
Villas Intention Reaches Washington.

v
Washington. Jan. 0.-General VIII
las intention to attack the Carranza
garrison at NacO was communicated to
the war department yesterday In Off
cial dispatches from army observers.
Secretary Garrison said however. that
the information came from the Amer
lean side Of the border.
When shown q report that villa had
notified General Scott of his intention
OF attacking the border town In an
effort finally to dislodge the Carran-
"a forces. Secretary Garrison said he
had received no report from the chief
Of staff since he. left Naco for FL Pa
so.
The Carranza agency issued this
statement, based on reports from Vera
Cruz:
I'm the streets VI Puebla 700 dead
were gathered, and dead villa troops
were found scattered for thirty miles
outside the city. More than 1000 villa
troops surrendered voluntarily. The
railroad from Puebla to Vera Cruz is
being kept open"
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-05-26
LUCfUS E. PINKHAM,
Kiaaina ka Teritore 0 Hawaii.
kANAWAI 81
HE KANAWAI

HooLoL1 a / MoKUNA SO KANAwAr1 HoULUuLuIA
% HAwAII, 1915, Ma KA PAKUI ANA LAnLA PAUKU HoU
KAPA1A o KA PAUKu 1079A, Pill ANA HAILHALf
ANA Ma WAH1NE KA HALE MAI PUPULE.
E Hoohooa e ka AhaOlelo Ia Teritore HarGii
PAuKU T. He pauku hou ke pakuia mel j ma Kanawai
Houluuuia Hawaii 1915, kapaa ka Pauku 1079A,
heluhelu ho like me ia mahope Tho mel:
"Pauku 1O79A Wahine halihai ana, ke kaki kela
kea kekahi wahne kauohaia al hoopaa maloko
ka hale mai pupule mai kekahi mokupuni mai ka Terore
ne Hawaii navajo Oahu, ukali pu ia wahine
ia huakai mai la mokupuni mai ka hale mai pupule
kama kane mare ole kekahi hoaloha wahna pikana
wahine maama paha. ia maIama (ukali) kohoia
ia ka lmakanawai kauoha hoopaa hki mo-
null lunakanawaie haawia ka kaokoa alnma Il
ua wahine mai la ia huakai
ma hooilo kupono ukali lilo no kak maluna
Ike kalana kulanakauhae kaana paha mai laia mai
hine mai la hoounaia mai al, ohia il kensna
oihana mai pupue like kuhikuh maloko hoakAka
ka Pauku 1854"
PAukU 2. mana Eeia Kanawai kona wa aponoia al
Aponoia kea Ia Is Aperia N. b. 1915.
LUCIUs E PIEKHAM,
Kiaana x Teritofe Hawaii
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-05-26
KANAWAl 90
HE KANAWAI

HooEoLI KA PAuKU1 IKE KANAwAl 149 Ma KASAwAI
KE KAU 1913, HooMAoPoPo Ara WAIHoNA
KuLA KAu HooMAKA ANA IuLAI 1, 1918, AE
Pau ANA IUNE 80, 1916, Z LIKE ME a HooLoLnA
KANAwAI 20 o Ma KANAwAI KAu 1916.
E Hooholoa Ia Ahaoco Ia Tcrtore Haraii:
PAUKu 1. o ka Pauku / Ike Kanawa t49 O ma Kanawai
oke Kau 1913 hoomaopOpo anal ka wahona kuao ke kau
ehoonaka Iuai 1913 pau Iune 80, 1915,
keia ke hoololiia mel like ia mahope tho mel
.Mahope tho hnaoeo ao hama lima Ike alakai Ike
hama ana, kea mahope tho mel hui pu ana aku
ako hama. maeria hoohana ka hooawa ana. ka
oihana kula, kapae ho huaolelo huaheluao
hama lima, ma lako paahana, hoolo $s50oO00a
kuu 40 ike hama ii hookah ka haahaa loa kela
me keia kalana), $4,000.
sPAUkus z mana keia Kanawai mai a mahope aku Okla
Ia ona aponoia al
Aponoia keia Ia Is Aperila, NJ H. 1915.
LUCfUS E. PINKHAM,
Kiaaina ka Teritore Hawaii.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-05-26

no kekahi manawa emf ole tho lnaalo mahna aoe
hoi OF aku mauna eua makahik ole hoopai no iaia
uku kekahi huna hoopa aoc Of aku ka elna daa
$500; aka ho, aoe hoakaka kea pauku
ua pill kckahi keiki hki ole aku kona mau makahik
makahiki kua"
PArKu :. o ka Pauku sss ma Kanawai Houluuluia
Hawaii 1915, keia he hoooia mel heluhelu ii like
ia mahope tho mel: u
"Pauku sss. Ma hama a ka hope luna makai lilo no
hama kea keia hope luna makai ole makai paha
kauoha al no hana ka aoe malalo
hookah oko kea kea pulc komo aku kea keia
pule koo aku kea kca hale kula aupuni maloko
ka apana kahi hope luna makai al hoomaopopo mai
Ike kumu kua mai ole luna aupuni paa agena paha
ka oihana hoonaauao aa lie kuleana kamali maaa
paha he keki paakk kekahi ka hoohaue akou
tho mai Ike kua aku akou makahki ku ka hele kua
lilo hou hoi hama ia hope luna maka me ia
poe makai kauoha kanalii ku makahki IA hele
kula like me ka hoakaka ka Pauku 2s7 hele
ke kula ina he hoop hoopi ole paha kekah wahoa mai
kekah kumu kua luna aupuni paha ole agena paha
O ka ohana hoonaauao"
PAUKU 3. mana keia Kanawai ma kona wa aponoia al
Aponoia keia la Is Aperila, NJ H. 1915
LUCIUS E. PINKHAM,
Kiaaina ka Teritore Hawaii
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-05-26
LUCIUS E. PINKHAM,
Kiaaina o ka Teritore o Hawaii.
KANAWAI 90
HE KANAWAI

HooIoII PAuKU 2S7 2SS KANAwAI Ho-
uLUULu1A HAWAII 1915, PHI ANA 1 KA HoopAI no
KA HELE OLE I KuLA '~..
E Hookooa la Ahdotclo o Ia Teritore Hawaii:
PAUKU /. o ka Pauku 2S7 ma Kanawai Houluulua
Hawaii, 1915, keia Ike hoooa ne heluhelu al like
ia mahope tho mel ~. ~
"Pauku 2S7. Hoopai. Ina kekahi keki makahik
ka paakk ka hee ole (hmself hersef) Ike
kula hki kekah lunakanawa apana, mamu Ia hoop
wahoia aku iaia kekah kumukua ole kekah luna
punt paha ole agena paa ka ohana hoonaauao, ole
kekah hope luna makai, maka paha, ole kekah
okoa ae, kauoha keik Ia ka makuakane a makua
hne paha, kahu malama okoa paha iaa Ia maana
ia keik, hik kino mua lunakanawai Ia
ka hooiaoa ka aa ke kokoi ka noho pono ke
keiki hoohemahema maol ka hookkna Ike keik
hele Ike kua hoopaia ia iaa Ike kokoi ka
malana keki la kekahi hoopa'i emf ole tho keka
huina elma - aole hoi OF aku maluna kanalma
dala ($50O0) ole ka hoopaahao ka OF ole
aku Ia elua mahna ka hoomaopopoia al ke kek
ka ku ka hewa mao hoouna ka unakanawai iaia
Chin or her kekah kula hoopoole ole kua hama paha
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-05-26

no hooako luna koho baloka ioko elua Ia
haahaa loa Ike koho baloka He hauliul
ka wal hoouu ka pepa baloka, ko lakou n ka
hoonohonoho ana ka helu Ike Ike pal kuke no
ia me ke kuhkuhi Ike kanawa baoka Lunalnaka
ainana koe vale aoe noa kaaiaina hoaona maka
e ae paha kekah ano e keia mauna o laila. 49,:
PAUKU H. hoke ia koho baloka pea ma ba-
oka ma papa bke mooeo pill Ike koho baloka,
aohoiia ae Ike kakauoeo Ike kuanakauhae kasna
malamaia ia hiki ka pau Ike Kau ka Ahaoeo
1917.
PAuku T. Ma ka loaa ana ma hoke koho baloka hoo
maa kaauoeo Ike kulanakauhalea kalana hoo
makaukau papa hoike helu hoomaopopo hoi ka hopena
ia koho baloka hoonohonoho papa heu hanaia
ka kemaka kekah moho makemake ike pono.
ka poe paha loaa ana, like ia hoomaopopoa
al ka helma kekie baoka maoko mahee koho like
olee kuahauaia puka haaw aku Ike kakauoeo ia
poe ma palapala hooia no ia kohoa ana
PAuku 49, ma hoolilo ana pau Ike koho baloka iii
ia mauna o Ike kuanakauhae me kalana.
PAUKU H. Ina ikea ka hoke kobo baloka nele ka
malamaia ana Ike koho bsoka maoko keka mahele mamu
ka pal pal baloka moho Ike kakau-
olelo kulanakauhale kaana hoomaopopo wal la ka
paapaa paiapala hcoia paha kohoa haawi al
ma ka huk baloka imua o moho pal pal (kai)
PAUkU 10. ka hakalaka al kekahi noho Q
hoa ka aha elele mamui ka make ole hki ole paha
waiho hakahaka la no la wahi me ka hoopha hou ole
PABKu 16. ma ninau pau pill ka kekahi
baoka kohoia ke koho baoka hooholo kokea
ka ka hapanui luna koho ia mahee koho
Ike lilo paa mau Ike kaukai nae ka mana
noonoo hou hoolol paha ka Aha Kieke la Tertore
null ka palapaa hoop kekahi moho kueana maopopom
ia mea like no me- a kumu hoi hoomaopopoia
ma laweawe ia ano hoomaopopoia keia ma Ike
kanawa no paapaa hoop hoohalahala pill koho ba
loka nau ma luna Ike kulanakauhae kaana; ia aha
kekie oeoa keia ke haawi maoli nei ka like
Ike kueana ho hoolohe hooholo la palapala
hoopi hoohaaaa like Ike kuleana loaa ia aha paa
pala hoopie ae pill ana ma koho baloka
Is PAUKU H. o ka poe pau hoopaaia inoa Ike koho
baoka maoko ka Duke ka koho baloka Ike kuaa
kauhale me kaana ole Mel 81, 1915 manao
la kupono koho ma Ike koho baoka hoomaopopoa
lokonei. p lilo no hama ke kakauoeo kuanakauhae
kaana hooawa aku luna koho baoka kea
mahele koho oko eua la ka haahaa oa ka la
la koho aloka papa ka poe kohe baoka hookuponoa
maloko 0 ia mahele koho TIL t
IS PAuKu 1s o ma huaoeo "kulanakauhale kalana"
ma wah apau ikeia maoko keia Kanawai maaois
no a-pi ola no ke Kulanakauhale me Kalana Honolulu
PAuKU 49, mana keia Kanawa ma kona wa aponoia ali
Aponoia keia la Is Q Aperila, NJ. H. 1915.
.e.##t LUCIUS E. PINKHAM,
Kiaana o ka Tertore Hawaii.
X 'r.as2,@7-'''N~ KANAWAI go
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-05-26

Hawaii ka waiho ae Ahaoeo ka Teritore kona
Rau Mau 1917.
PAuKu B. ] ka wa ka hoomaka ana ma hama, lave
lawea hama Ike koho lunahoomalu kakau
oelo laweaweia aku ia hama lakou Ike like
ko kekal ahaoeo ma halawai pau malamaa no ina
Ike akea mooleo pau ia ka ehuehu hiki
ka aha eele hoohoo rula ka laweawe kona
mau hama hoohana kokua like lnanaoia al he
kupono. ..4= I'LL
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-05-26

ss...ss %
MaoAO - 'n''e'e enO 4 s -
Maoko ka mahee ehiku - eiua W
Maloko ka mahee ewalu .ekolu (s);
Ma0Ao NJ iane'e ei"a s s 20 ~
Maoko ka mahele uni =. .hookahi ~;
---------,z - -
Maoko ka mahele nookanls -
1T.loLoo = nabolo ekon 13l:
Apana Koho Lunamakaainana Elma:
- i - ~ ~ Il . -. 49,
MSioko 3 ka malele elaa IS. hookahi ny;
Maoko ka mahele ekeu hookanl tl1i
49, !. ..,.1.. t q. .1booL II; ~.
80
-. IN
MaiOh0 : "a niaiee eONo . - - . : " seS'i $ -
Maloko Ia mabele ehika 81. w hookahi 10;
Maloko "a mahee ewalu ~ vi
Nib l. ,ohol. .;,ro cha af4l.
Malokc ka mahee uni eua ~;
-. IS. f4Ass}ss.ts 3 IS
N : :" ~ f tA 1'1 i - Is. 80 -. -
Malolo ka mahele umikumamaua :t .h0d a q;
49,, ;...l sll faA.
800 : = -N-' -.
Maloko ka niahele umikumamaha .eha t41i
,t.s,a - ..,s. ~; s1,,aa ls1.
49,
Maoko ka mahele umkumamaono hookan I'd;
1fl Ia ,,.bsls ansadb;li, hookah; Alf3
saseS
r & lo -. =. IL. ! - al. ele,s ,nna,.iaraa
s.. u como I.l.; 1a15 z, "a lanaua; l.,a ma
abo ae ke kanawai loho wac moho Kanawai 151 ma Ka
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-05-26

PAuKu g. ekolu poe luna koho baloka no kela
keia wah koho kohoia hoi lakou ka mea like ke h
pono mai mai pohai poka (na kaaiana like
ole)
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-01-02
CHRISTMAS IN ROME.

Here is picture of the holy season
of Christmas in the Eternal City, sup.
piled by correspondent of the
Brooklyn Tablet:
AS the days are shortening, and the
bell of the Ave Maria is ringing its
earliest sOunds-at five in the after.
noOn-the thoughts of many people in
Rome are directed to the feast OF
Christmas that is approaching. Per-
haps there is no place on the surface
of this globe, after Bethlehem itself,
where the feast of the Nativity of Our
Lord is brought home more nearly to
one than in Rome. When the
tian feelings and dispositions, happens
to assist at the Midnight Mass on
Christmas Eve in Bethlehem, and
when that keen, sharp, exuitant tenor
voice rings out the Gloria in Excelsis
Deo," dwelling lovingly on the word
vicinity of the place where the words
were first uttered by the angels, and
heard by the shepherds in the midst
of the glory that surrounded the
heavenly messengers, the emotions
that the traveller feels at such mo,
ment are not to be told in ordinary
words.
But this happiness is given to very
few. In Rome, however, many Ameri.
cans and other foreigners pass the
winter and are here for the Christmas
ceremonies. One of the churches in
which the Christmas devotions are
most natural to one is Saint Mary
Major, which possess the boards that
constituted the Manager in which the
Infant Saviour was laid in the stable
at Bethlehem. Whilst" says Canon
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-01-02
bethlehem TOWN.

AS l was going to Bethlehem-town,
Upon the earth l cast me down
All underneath little tree
That whispered in this wise to me:
Oh, | shall stand on Calvary
And bear what burthen saveth Thee"
AS up I Jared to Bethlehem-town,
l met a shepherd coming down,
And thus he quoth: "a wondrous
sight
Hath spread before mine eyes this
night
An angel host most fair to see,
That sung full sweetly of tree
That shall uplift of Calvary
What burthen sayeth you and me-"
And as I got to Bethlehem-town,
Lo! wise men came that bore a crown
rs there" cried |, Gin Bethlehem
A King shall wear this diadem?"
Good sooth," they quoth, land it is
He
That shall be lifted OIL the tree
And freely shed OH Calvary
What blood redeemeth us and thee!'
Unto Child i'll Bethlehem-town
The wise men came and brought the
crown;
And while the infant smiling slept,
Upon their knees they fell and wept;
But, with her babe upon her knee,
Naught rocked that Mother of the
tree,
That should uplift on Calvary
What burthen saveth all and me.
Again l walked in Bethlehem-town
And think of Him that wears the
crown.
/ may not kiss His feet again,
Nor worship Him as | did then;
My King hath died upon the tree
And hath outpoured on Calvary
What blood redeemeth you and me!
Eugene Field.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-01-02
THE HOLY BABE.

0 Bethlehem! sweet Bethlehem!
We long to sing of thee;
How royalty thy diadem
Crowns all the life to be.
For heaven hath nothing rarer
Than the Blessed Babe, who lay
Within it's walls, nor fairer
Than the dawning of His day.
Oh, Thy tender, mystic splendor,
Oh, Thy regal, rosy light.
Angels on their pinions slender
Sweep adown the night.
Lo, they come in deathless glory,
Yet i'll loving, lowly guise,
StOop to tell their gracious story
To the simple and the wise.
To our shepherds and our sages
Patiently their carols come,
And in Bethlehem the ages
Ever find their spirits home.
Sing, oh sing, eternal praises
To the Blessed Three in One!"
Thus the Church her voice upraises
On and on, till time is done.
Caroline D SlDan. in Reg -E1t
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-01-02
CHRISTMAS IN BETHLEHEM.

No place in all the world has a
greater interest in the Christmas sea.
son than Bethlehem. The normal
population of the town, where Christ
was born, is less than 5000, but dur.
ing Christmas week it becomes a
great cosmopolitan center of $4,000
or 10000 souls, all eager to pay
homage to the place hallowed by the
Savior's birth.
In Bethlehem people are brought
face to face with the wonderful
scenes which are but feebly known
to the rest of the world. Here they
may see the place where the three
wise men of the east halted after
their long journey Here they wor.
ship the shrine inclosing the manger
in which Christ was born.
They walk along the same road
followed by the Virgin Mary in her
journey to the ancient city. They see
buildings and ruins which the eyes
of the infant Christ rested upon. The
tiny city, crescent shaped and beau,
tiful to look upon, teens with the
realities which the rest of the world
celebrates.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-01-02
THE CHILDREN'S HOUR.
SOME FAMOUS CRIBS.

One of the sights visitors to Rome
at Christmas time never miss is that
of the Crib of the Franciscan Church
of Ara Coeli. "A famous crib" said
an English Protestant writing on this
subject. lis made every Christmas at
this church on the Capitoline Hill,
and throughout the octave of the
feast children of tender years recite
poems or little sermons on a platform
in front of it. The infant preachers,
whose ages range from to 10 years,
go through their task one after
another without the slightest embar-
rassment, emphasizing their words
with graceful gestures. In the crib is
to be seen the famous 'Bambino,'
which in ordinary times is shown in a
small chapel near the vestry by the
sacristan.
This 'Bambino' is an image of the
Holy Child carved by a Franciscan
monk in the seventeenth century out
of wood taken from the Garden of
Olives. The ship that brought it from
Palestine was wrecked at Leghorn, but
the image was miraculously preserved
and brought to Ara Coeli in 1647.
1T is greatly venerated in Rome
and frequently carried to the sick for
their consolation. Even miraculous
cures are said to have been wrought
by it."
Outside of Italy the crib has at
tanned its greatest perfection and
widest popularity in Bavaria and in
the Tyrol. In the Tyrolean cribs the
detail is exceptionally painstaking
and the entire surroundings OF the
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1915-01-02

Ryan, in his recently-published work
on the Gospels, translated into
Italian, "the Manger was brought to
Rome and is preserved in the Liberian
Basilica est. Mary Major), the grotto
consecrated by the Birth of Christ has
become one of the places of pill
grimage most venerated in the Catho-
lic world" r,
This relic of the Manager is exposed
to the view of all in a crystal casket
on Christmas Day, until the afternoon,
when it is borne in procession in the
! church and then returned to it's de-
pository. This procession attracts
great numbers of devout pilgrims, who
| seem to feel nearer to the great mys-
terry in the presence of this relic.
But all Rome is filled with sugges-
lions of the coming feast. Novenas
begin and the prayers of the people
have foretaste of the joyous season,
Then there appear i'll the windows
of the stores the toy cribs, or
"presepii," in which the figures in
that marvellous scene of Bethlehem
are all represented. Sometimes these
"presepii' are of very artistic quality,
but they do not aim at local colour,
so that the scene depicted in the back
ground is an Italian landscape, and
the figures of shepherds are arrayed
in sheepskin Jackets and knee
breaches, just like the shepherds OF
the Campagna. Some of these "pre-
sepii," dating two centuries back, are
most elaborate studies in the figures
brought into them and the landscape
constructed for them. All of them,
! however, seem to have originated in
a profound reverence to the great
mystery of Christmas, and the express
sion of that devotion is evident in the
attitudes and gestures of the tiny
| figures.
| In olden times, before modern
| fashions we're introduced through the
| breach of Porta Pia into the Eternal
City, the 'pifferari," or serenaders of
the Madonnas that are placed on the
walls of the houses in Rome, came
down from their hills in the Abruzzi
and for several days before Christmas
went around from shrine to shrine
playing on their flies and bagpipes a
| weird, antique air and singing simple
songs. The strange music of the airs
played and sung is very pretty. They
are heard at times performed on other
instruments, but then they lose the
flavor of the original. They are per
formed as an interlude on the organs
in churches. They are known as
"Pastorales." Handel, in his grand
oratorio Of "The Messiah" has Dor
rowed them from the "pifferari'' and
used them with great effect.
At Christmas time, too, the forum
of the foreigner, that is to say, the
Piazza di Spagna, is filled with winter
| fowers-in Rome flowers bloom all
the year round-and great lunches OF
holly with it's crimson berries shining
out amidst the dark-green leaves; and
large branches of poisoning eucalyp-
Istusjs and mistletoes with its sI.ales.SgaX-
like berries, are piled upon the
Spanish steps, and at street corners
for the use and delight of the English
speaking world And the people
salute each other with the words,
"Buon Natalie; Happy Christmas, or
"Buona Festa!'-A Happy Feast!
And the weather is generally bright,
with the sun shining warmly, so that
man and nature seem united in the
joy of this great and beautiful feast.