davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10

or wire wheels are provided at the pur-
chasers option.
Electric features include Blur starting
and lighting system with separate motor
and generator and storage battery head.
signal. tail and dash lights, and Bosch
ignition The seamless gasolene tank with
gauge suspended at the rear OF the frame,
has a capacity OF y y gallons. Air pres
sure carries the fuel. 70 an auxiliary tank
under the cowl. from which tank the car
bureter Is fed by gravity. fabrication Is
by means OF gear pump and water clrcu-
lation Is secured by gear driven centrfu-
gal pump motor driven air pump
supplies pressure for Initiating the 80 by
Az inch tires. Non-skid rear tires are
regular equipment, as are Firestone de-
mountable rims also Additional equip
meut includes Warner speedometer, clock.
I[laxon horn, one man top, Jlffy curtains
and plate glass wind shield the latter
having rain vision and ventilating adjust
ments.
Since the most striking difference be-
tween cars Of high grade and cars OF low
grade ~ the color treatment buyers OF the
new size Winton six will enjoy the same
advantage that is extended to buyers OF
the larger model that Il, each purchaser
may have his car finished In his own color
scheme and thus express his own individ-
ual taste Also the Winton service sys-
.am will apply to both models equally.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10
PACKARD EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Much Money ana Time spent I'm This
Discovery Work.

Few purchasers of high grade motor
cars realize the vast expenditure OF cash
and energy that precedes the manufac-
ture OF new model. II Is stated by the
Packard company that II experimental
for years before bringing out Its nrst
six, and even In It's present advanced
stage OF development spends from $780,
900 to 100000 a year in engineering
torework
The experimental work ranges from
rough riding over mountain trails to 400
hour tests on the dyna mometer. This Is tho
price paid for keeping abreast Of the
times to satisfy the demands of a hyper
critical public. Probably four-hfths OF
the energy Is put forth In finding out what
not to do.
The toughest and widest trails of the
Far West are selected for testing sample
cars, embodyng various experimental de-
veopmeuts. These care are hammered
through the hardest road work that
human endurance and skill can execute
Drivers Ike $. ID. Walden. vice-president.
and j. G. Vincent, chief engineer OF tho
Packard company, hurl experimental cars
through thousands OF miles OF desert and
mountain roads with the know.e edge that
this IL the only treatment that win eetab-
sh beyond any possible doubt or perad-
venture that there are no structural de-
fects and no weaknesses OF design In tho
cars under observation. Walden, who
recently returned from a test trip durng
which an experimental car was taken
from Detroit to Los Angeles and back
drove 1000 miles in three days. from
Albuquerque 10 Kansas City, over some
Of the worst golng in the Southwest
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10
A NEW SIZE wINToN AT $2,2S5.

The Winton company at the show had
the we'll known s3,25O Winton six and an
entirely new model, known as the new
size Winton six, selling at S2.2S5.
I'm this new car" says General Man
ager Churchill Of tho Winton company.
I'VE are giving the motor world pleasant
surprise. For years car buyers have re-
ported TO us their inability to find the very
top grade OF quality In any but the largest
and costliest cars. The man who wanted
a car OF happy medium size was forced to
content himself with medium quality.
This, we hgured, was condition that
should not be allowed to continue. We
set about to see what we could do. and
this new size Wlnton six is the result"
In appearance the smaller Winton six
II almost an exact counterpart Of the
s3.25O Winton six. which is exhibited side
by side with the new model The body
lines are repeated. Divided trCnt seats
are provided II the buyer desires The
wheel base is l2s inches. eight inches
shorter than the larger car. The new
motor has a 3& inch bore and a ~, inch
stroke as compared 20 the ~ inch bore
and SD inch stroke OF the larger model
The motor Is Of the Winton six type,
with l. head. big valves and balanced
moving parts Motor, clutch and trans
mission form a unit power plant. com
pletely housed. The clutch has Ave pairs
of dry plates. The transmission has four
forward speeds and reverse. A universal
iolnt Is placed at each end OF the drive
shaft and the rear driving gears are spiral
bevels The rear axle Is OF the full float
ing type. All springs are Of chrome va
nadium steel, with Damn oil cushonized
inserts Springs are semi-ellptcal In
front and three-quarter elliptical behind,
the rear springs being underslung. Wood
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10

winter with the protection afforded by
adjustable curtains To-day at a very
slIgnt increase IN cost he can purchase
a completely equipped car that is really
two automobiles IN one. The Gabrielle
has all the advantages and snappy ap
paarance Of the roadster with the very
commendable feature Of becoming n fully
enclosed car at the viii OF the driver
THE leather top may be folded down
In sucn way as to give no indication
of the cars convertible nature. with the
top up the side windows can be left
open and the roadster appearance is still
maintained. The windows fold into the
doors and in order to place them in
position II Is only necessary TO open the
doors, fold the windows upward, and the
car becomes the fully enclosed cabriolet
"Outside OF the Annoyance caused by
the transfer OF open and closed bodies
and the loss Of the cars use for week
or so on the ordinary type OF body
the cabriolet becaule of its Hight ", eight
contributes largely 10 the long life OF the
tires, From my experiences OF the past
season. / confidently believe that the
cabrolet sales OF the next few years viii
far outstrip the sale OF roadsters to
buyers looking FOR real utilhy and con
venience."
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10
ForeseeS Auto Building In
the Hands of a Fen Makers
Leland Of the Society of Automobile Engineers Gives
Prophecy of the Future of the Motor
Chr industry.

,,y.... l...f nns,d,nt Of the
r" .t ,.,s,..,,. J,,,,.-
Ro7.'. '. -.
.vst f r." "'.'''' "' nv ''''".
ar- r. ....fH' u 10. 81. T. T.. Part oI
4. .... .,.r.Iii.i
t.og v,.,
Is
"vru.. - H'.1 dreams ana Oh
,,,, .. .- Ste, 7 'aI you of
..r.,.i geo tb. future Of
...... .rtts yin
Pc
a'liu . ....." ".'"'. ''H' "'''"N' ''
,,-n .. ... .r,IN'u- Of do not Tn
49,. ... r.r .gr.I. n my Vlsio1
...,..........J vehicles increase
......,... ...ttt ,t,.,. ,,,,.c.
So NH '''' 49,
Gle Co... OBJ. 'a~'H Ih'' iah, Wid,'
and r.... .r.9ur..t pN. Iu 'ue tfJnspor-
.... ,r. .ul5.. .- regards tho car.
.... ..l ,,,..,,,,.. ,r
WINS .. ~.
goods n' H'F'a'hI.' 7'i 'S'''''e
Che ....-..... HuI fN .H'M''at but
..,--,... .r. mighty tuluu, ot traffic t.
..-. ,-.,..... .f,,,u giants.
' .... .,ru. g.,,,..rI ,r,np fn, th.,
o., .,,..,l
''Is ,.., ~ my ,t.,,, * mot 30
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10
DETACHABLE BODIES
FOR OVERLANDS
c. 4. Silver Has introduced New
Closed Type for Touring
or RunabOut.

Outside OF the beautiful special closed
bodies C. T. Silver has had built for the
Overland, Peerless and Willys-Knrht
chassis he has Just introduced a new
type OF detachable closed body at a
moderate price which can be htted to any
Overland touring car or runabout
All that Is necessary to III the body to
an Overland car Is to remove the top
and windshield and tho attachment Of
a few bolts and transform the car into an
ideal closed vehicle Of the sedan type with
an up to date sloplng roof seen on the
more expensive cars.
The body OF the car is solid. with an
oval plate glass window In the rear, while
the Interior is finished In gray Bedford
cloth, which can be used as slip covers In
the spring Dome and pillar side doors
with duplex windows on the side doors
complete the transfo' nation OF the car
The body with attachments coCplete
sells for s325 for the s1.O75 car, for 5000
on the $3.50 car and for !2e5 on the run
about type
A special foot rest heater with hot air
supplied from the exhaust olso comes with
the ody for sl5 extra.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10

About the first process rubber goes
through on the way to become tire
Oh tube is mastication. After the crude
para rs washed II Is broken up into
Jumps and tossed into the crackers. These
arc machines with heavy rollers which
AXE tn, rubber IN between them and
chew" H. Entering the masticating
room Of q factory such as the AjaN-Grieb
AZ Trenton, the first impression II that
there is q brush fire burning or else
there is den OF snakes at hand.
The rubber snaps aud crackles like
burning branches and then Kisses shud-
der.ugi} The stun is kept at until II
comes up ia regular sheets, very thin
and looking like sort Of cake busted
With crumbs Then after thorough
Trying ln vacuum chambers IL Is ready
- be uIt i'm with the chemicals and
other things that make up the compound.
Into the uual compound Of rubber, that
after crude material has been thor.
uughly washed and dried, many chemi-
ais enter in order to produce the re
quirci results. In the compromising OF
rubber the entire secret OF rubber manu-.
featuring business lies and accounts for
the difference between good rubber aud
bad fulber
Sulphur Is required in order 10 effect
yulcauillt!on and it IL In the use Of
these compounds that one manufacturing
concern may oNcrtOp the other, botn US
Ing the same grade OF crude material
IN the mixing room or the AiaX each one
n these ingredients Is weighed 10 frac-
tonal part of an ounce. Then they go
into the workrooms, where the entire mass
Is worked upon rollers until Il becomes
a plastic whole.
When the compound OF rubber for tires
aud tubes has been worked up 10 the
proper point Of mixture and Elasticity
Q Is ready 10 be removed from the mas
'icatlng machines and "a Is then trans
'orred 10 another type OF machine with
heavy rollers According as the distance
apart Of these rollers is thu thickness OF
the sheet of rubber which runs through.
The material is worked I'm 80 that II
runs around the lower roller continu-
ously, and knives set at certain dis
Uncos apart resting on this roller mark
m strips Of rubber of desired width.
These run off onto long linen rolls, thus
providing a convenient form of transport
ing from one floor 10 another the rubber
which rs used In building up the body OF
the tire as well as IN making tubes
When the linen rolls are taken aloft
In the Ajax factory they are run on long
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10
MAKING AN AUTOMOBILE TIRE

tables and the strips OF plastic rubber
are sliced at certain lengths to be used
as plies for the tires.
Rubberzng the linen which goes into
tires is done by means OF a trictioning
machine, which grinds the plastic rubber
into the fabric at high pressure and
linpregnates II thoroughly with the gum.
The fabric for the breaker strips and
canvas plies Is first held at great heat
In order to be thoroughly dry. Then IL is
ready to be wound into the calendars,
which friction" the rubber into the
fabric.
There are three huge rolls on this
tricuoning machine the middle revolving
At high speed and the lower at low speed
By the difference In the speed OF the rolls
the rubber Is thoroughly worked into the
cloth. which winds on one roll as the
rubber rcvolves on the drum opposite
Castings for automobile tires are built
up around moulds formed like wheel.
strips OF the heavily rubberized canvas
OF varying lengths. according to the cir
conference OF the tire to be built form
the first layer in the building up OF a
shoe. These have been sewed so that
they form a continuous piece and then
are worked around the mould. Around
this inner layer go the various plies OF
canvas until the breaker strip is inserted
Plies OF rubber are added for the tread
until the whole is built up In the form
NlAil IL Is utSlEHtu 10 thhes
This tire, mould and all, il carried
away TO be weighed. because II must come
up to a certain standard. This process
so briefly described Is one OF the most
important OF all In tire building The
Ajax company employs a number OF eN-
tremely expert men In the making OF
tire castings.
In the curing room to which the tire
and mould 20 for the final step in the
process there IL part Of the work In
the AJaN-Grieb factory which Is it's own
pecial device. II applies TO the way i'm
which the casing Is held IN the shell
| before II goes into the vulcanizer
Those tires which are designed to have
a wrapped tread go under spiral ma
chine. which winds narrow strip of
canvas all around the tread Then the
castings are placed In the shells and put
into the curing ovens, where they remain
until the process IL completed In the
mould the raised letters OF tho Ajax
| trade mark ana the figures OF the Ajax
sizes are embossed on them. They are
then about ready to be stored to await
| packing
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10
MOTOR CLUBS AS
GOOD ROADS FORCES
New Secretary of State Tells
What Autoists May Ac-
complish.
INFLUENCES THAT DO WORK
ny FRANCIS VI. HUGO,
Secretary of state.

The motorist Ia usually pointed out as
the pioneer In highway Improvement be-
cause Il was his needs which created the
demand for good roads. Although i'm
proved highways are desirable and prof
table 10 all classes Of vehicular traffic.
they are primarily essential to the au-
tolst because the mechanically driven
vehicle requires better roads to travel
upon than the horse drawn vehicle, which
for centuries has been hauled over all
kinds Of highways. Thus II Is that the
motorist was first TO become an eco
nomic force in shaping the demands for
good roads
But how may mo motorist best act
to accomplish this end7 At the outset
he must realize that as organization Is
the foundation principle OF that strength
which achieves result, 80 In order that
the best results may be secured the mo-
torist should become a member OF some
local automobile club. This step Is the
first and most important thing he can
do for the advancement of the good
roads movement.
In Joining these local ORGANIZATIONS the
motorist must understand that In this
way his social, political ana unancial IN
fuence with the aid Of active club off,
cials will greatly strengthen the forces
Ter achieving the best results. AS a rule
most OF the motor car owners In a COM
munhy are men OF character and means.
often the leaders In business, wealth and
social prominence. IL Is these f8ctors
united which become the strongest force
In supporting movements for the gen.
eral good
As kcai clubs organize and thus be-
come important leaders In the move
ment for the Improvement OF good roads
locally, just so their influence will
broaden through State and national or
ganizatiun and thus bee. me StUe and
nation wide In application and inftuerce
In this way the motorists develop Into a
dynamic force In the spreading OF the
good roads gospel, q movement which
eventually Is bound 10 result In coopera-
tion with the national government In the
taking up of uhc problem u highway
improvement throughout the country.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10

liberated from automobile designing
should my prophecy become history.
FIRST. The converted plants will be
reequipped and effectively operated to
supply tho constantly growing dema nd
for other necessities. New devices must
be brought into being to keep pace with
ana to supply the need for all the ma
t-Nu things which are constantly in
cteHtinE and which our continuously re-
inning civilization demands, not only for
tha daily wants and material needs but
Tor the unyouNtahlg In.Na3 10 supply the
ever increasing desire for culture, refine
mcut and all that goes to make up tnat
highest civilization which this country In
ever reaching after Supplying this de-
mand OF the future will mean Increased
enlargement OF our miscellaneous indus
tries and will call for men OF your engi-
ueeriNg skill experience and training
And 1T only remains for the automobile
engineer to qualify and prepare himself
Tor this enlarged hcld Of opportunity.
Second. Most OF the automobile engi-
u'ers OF the future who remain In the
automobile Industry as a part OF one Of
the few large plants will apply their
training and ability TO scientific automo-
bile manufacturing rather than TO scien-
tihc automobile designing. Here Ia the
great opportunity OF the future for the
automobile engineer. May / outline my
conception Of the characteristics of such
AN automobile plant as will stand the
stress Of time and Of the manufacturing
opportunity In such IA plant for the auto
mobile engineer?
The automobile plant Of the future will
have the proper combination Of capi'ai
and BARNS. correlated 10 the right ideals
and standards. II will produce such a
car In design, efficiency. quality and price
as will insure large volume OF business
because the requisite conditions cannot
continue permanently without plenty OF
capital and large volume OF business
It's management will be by one who Is In
hearty accord with the high ideals which
must be realized in order TO establish n
permanent and successful business OF the
kind and MAGNITUDE here outlined
There are two ragis words which you
have heard before ana which are the most
potent that can possibly be used to ex-
press the essentials for success in the
minu'a cture Of automobiles on "A large
permanent and successful basis. hasten
to take you into my confidence and tel
YOU that these two words are Knowing
how" There IL no substitute for these
two words. nothing else can take their
place.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10
STUDEBAKER' NEW
PLACE IS COMPLETE
"Show" Installed in Fine Store
at Broadway and seth
Street.
ADAPTED TO BIO TRADE

The close OF the automobile show by no
means lsssens the activities OF the oniciais
and sllesmen OF the Studebaker Corpora
tion. who we're so busy In show week.
They merely move to their new quartarr
at Fifty-sixth street and Broadway. and
there begin a show Of their own. a con.
tnuation OF that which aroused 90 much
interest In studebaker 1915 models a,
the Grand Central Palace.
Although the new Studebaker building
on ''Gasoleno Alley" was occupied last
November, II wns not until last week thai
tho alterations we're completed which
give the company the headquarters for
which Il had planned The RAPID in
ohrease in the business handled through
the New York branch made Il necessary
20 move TO this larger building even whils
II was still in the hands Of the contractor
But now the inconvenience OF the days
when decorators and statesmen tried 10
occupy the same space Is a thing Of the
past and the Studebaker show h on
These last few months have been
rather trying on u.s." said II. r. Bump.
manager IN charge OF tho branch. but
nov that we are 30 comfortably housed
dlton We were In. The one gratifying
thought Is that we were afiictcd with
growing palms. and that only the necessity
OF keeping up with the demand for Stude
baker cars forced us to take larger space
before we had anticipated the nerd OF H."
The new building is a five story struc-
ture devoted entirely to Studebaker carr
and service. Occupying a corner, II has
an abundance OF light The sho wroom In
So large that II affords dignined setting
for all the 1915 models. There 10 no
crowding and the visitor does not lose
the feeling that he IL at an exhibition
which puts as much stress upon It's ar
tistic features as II does upon the com
mercial.
Several floors are devoted to the stor-
age OF cars ready for delivery. Just as
fast az a car is taken from the floor OF
the showroom and turned over to a
customer another Is brought down to take
its place. This is an expensive method
Of doing business. because II ties Up
large sum Of money IN stock that Is not
ready TO move. but II is In line with the
studebsker policy Of having an automo-
bile regdv FOR the road the minute Gus
toner wants II.
Now tNat the building has been turned
Nver bv the contr1 "tor one Of the haDples'
men In the organization is w 5. Jewell.
the retail branch marlger directly IN
, charge of Studebaker service.
II never saw a service station as con
VanientIv Arranged as this one" Mr.. Jewell
insists with enthusio sn. Now that the stock
HAS been arranged in proper bins and on
80 ssiied shelves I can 40 in the dsrl,
md pick out any BIT Of Stud baker e"uip-
ment man could ever need But there
5 one thing that we do not carry on our
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10
DESIGNER MUST BUILD
TO ALL REQUIREMENTS
Warner Of Oakland Speaks Of
Need Of Considering Pos
sible Buyers.
ny FIRED w. WARNER,
Oakland Motor Car Compsny.

Designers OF motor cars, while they
have received training In the laying out
Of the mechanical unit OF the chassis
have by no means end4d their training
there motor car designer in order
to be highly proficient must make a deep
study OF the conditions under which the
car that is in the making IL to operate (:
no must place himself in the position Of
tho city business man, the farmer, the
speed bug. the reckless driver. tho techni-
cal and untechnical owner.
Besides being able to build in conform
ity With the wants OF these men In the
matter OF chassis design and construction
he must cooperate with the body de-
signer not only as to style but as to
materials. a busy city merchant may
not drive even for "A short period during
a slight rain. whereas farmer. hardened
to outdoor life, would not hesitate for
moment to venture out with the car open
TO the action OF the elements.
The de igner then must not build
to the business man alone but must CON
slider the farmer. whose car may never
have the top raised ard the upholstery
often exposed 20 rain and snow. He
must consider the farmer again when Il
comes to speed on muddy. slippery. rough
country roads and not keep Ia mind me
city man alone, who must OF necessity
use tho car for the greater part OF it'
life in and around the nicely paved
streets of the city.
Tine designer OF the Oakland 81 has
paid as much attention to the needs OF
the farmer, the speed bug, SC, as he has
TO tho city owner. This car has beer
constructed to be used on country roads
In all kinds Of weather at all speeds
Another point 81 detail which ordinar-
lily Is overlooked is the quality OF the up
/ holstery. Oakland seaJs and cusnions
are made OF real leather whose inisf
I is designed TO withstand the action OF
rain. An Oakland farmer owner soor
I learns that he can drive ms car through
ralnstorm without having the M
holstery become soggy and watersoaked
and without having the finish of the cal
look ~ II the vehicle we're twelve years
old
There are dozens OF details of the
I Oakland which have been worked Out
with all the purchasers IN mind and not
merely one type of owner. Country folks
have greater use for the wide open
! throttle than the city owner who gets "a
the country roads only occasionally.
! Thlrty-fve and forty miles an hour quite
/ frequently is tho desired speed Yet q
car to attain that speed and keep 1t for
any lenght OF time ON "A muddy, slippery
rut worn country road must hs balanced
| In every detail.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10
Women Interested In owen Car.

That thet new owen magnetic car made
a successful debut at the Palace show Is
evidenced by the fact that every mail
delivery at The owen show rooms at 1885
Seventh avenue brings inquiries from
points between Maine and Flor da eX-
tending from coast to coast. Many are
from women who are interested In the
magnetic control because II eliminates the
clutch, clutch pedal, gear set and gear
shifting levers
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-01-10

bnation OF both good and bad roads.
crossing the railroad many times and
slowing up through twelve towns on the
way.
The Maxwell made an average OF 81
miles an hour for the trip and made the
distance o. So miles % minutes and -
seconds faster than the fast coast trains
travel It. All automobile records for the
course from Los Angeles ia Riverside
were broken.
Paul Hale Bruske, VINO was q LONG
time with the Studebaker CORPORATION, has
become contest manager for the Maxwell,
and last reported was on his way - san
Diego for the races there.