The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22
Sub-Stations

The following on High Tension
Out Door Sub-stations was read by H.
w. Young, president Delta-Star Elec.
trio Company, Chicago.
Practically every central station
has to raise a considerable amount Of
new money each year in order to ex.
/ tend the service. The investing pub.
| lie will not take their money from
fsavings accounts and buy securities
OF the public service companies I'm.
less convinced that the management;
is making extensions which will,
eventually at least, prove profitable.
This is especially true at the pres.
ent time, for the inclination for the
average man to take chances has
been supplanted by the demand that
the investments prove safe.
Very many high tension transmits.
sion lines pass through districts in
need OF electric service. and many
residents In these districts are willing
to pay a reasonable charge for such
service. With these conditions con.
fronting him, what can the central
station manager do to secure leads
which will prove profitable. and at.
tract the investing public. The obvi.
Jus GLIB " CI 10 SAC to"-SSot S"eNNo'
lseIf-contained sub-station.
Do not misInderstand this state
ment and think that group of small
consumers. always, can be made
profitable customers-if 1t entails
building long lines. Assuming. how
ever, that the lines are built, you
can-by means of outdoor sub-sta-
tions-sell power at profit to those
whose houses, farms, mills. dairys.
etc. border on the transmission lines.
Conditions to Meet.
It must not interfere with the
operation of main lines.
Distur Dances at sub-stations causea
by short circuits, overloads or light
ming, must be localized and not per
mitted to communicate.
The sub-station cost per kilowatt
must be low, so that the installation
will return a profit.
The construction must be sacn
that the capacity may be increased
by simply changing transformers anu
fuse capacities.
All essential elements must be IN
plain sight SO that their condition
can be noted without difficulty OF
danger.
The installation must be SAFE
easily operated, and fire proof
possible.
The design must be such that
station can be taken down ana ses
up at another point with minimum
expense-in short, have a high sa'
wage value.
Necessary Equipment.
The outdoor sub-station in its siir
plest and most practical form. CON.
prises supporting structure for lhe
transformers, high tension d..
brake switch, set of primary fuses
and lightning protective equlpmenl-
The primary fuses should be so ~ ~
stalled and rated that protection WIZ
be secured against current rushe.
caused by short circuits or sew.
lightning disturbances. Protectioa
against pure overloads should oe
cured by the use Of low tension
ondary fuses. or oil circuit breakeis,,
The high tension switches shouia
be of such a type that all phases oa
be simultaneously opened or closs
by single control handle. nth 'I.n
switches should be PROVIDED ~
arcing horns to prevent burning
the main contacts during opes ILL
Switches should be immune L-
trouble due to ice formations u'ii .nr'
heavy sleet storms, for while ice .o
nations and the necessity OF sw. A.
opening are rarely coincident-yet
may happen.
Lightning arresters should pc .;r,.
such a tyne that they will efleeti'
" discharge. have low mainten-
ance cost and prevent local dislui'
ances spreading to the main lines
Cost Per Kilowatt.
The cost per kilowatt Will VII. II
course, be governed by the vp ps At
selected and the amo .nnsnr
time spent IN engineering, dn''
and erecting the station. Ia. Ia
When possible, It 10 advisaD