davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

FURNISHED house for rent strictly
modern walking distance, sl5 pcr
month Phone 1857 W, or cali 3O5
'''''"h hlit'i' Mnyg
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

FOR RENT Furnished mouse. bot wo.
,G.r' bath, garden ground Phone
Main l3Sl, Call lsl Court Myi0
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

NANTED-small furnished house, con.
Nehlent and reasonable. Long time.
Il satisfied. E. l., Cooke, care Can
..ol vuuIuaI' Mays
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

III YOU wish your carpets stonm or
vacuum cleaned by reliable firm at
reduced prices phone ll5l. Mayl0
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

" AZ FED Some enc 10 take contract
OF haollag wood by cord. Must have
o"4 ouillt, Phone 602 after o p. m.
~. ugluID v a' H. Mayo
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

FOR sALE-E'rcsh COW, 800 Phone
low W, Hays
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

WHITE BEANS, 5'a lbs for 25c; ~
lbs for o0c; at Public Market. MAJ
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

% PASSENGER b. N. T.. for aale cboop
good condition. Add .ss box 9iG'
-4DulHou'n, Ore Mayl0
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

Window cleaner. Phone 1850.
.. Il
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

a lI0 BUS 10 the races tomorrow 5r
can u5 up for pleasure Trims Ren'
suNauie tltcsi no dusti comfortable
seats Salem Jimcy Co., 2ld state.
nuu' ''"' May7.S
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

FOR SAl.E-l'ine llolstcin Jersey
giving thrcc gallons of milk, will be
liosh sept J. Call llDG S. Fifteenth.
Mayl0
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

FOR SALE Pigs and stock hogs Pen
IoHu NJ % boN -. Mays
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

CARPETS vacuum clcaucd at the right
price, All work guaranteed. Phone
.-.--...-,. .. w. Muyll
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

WANTED-stoek TO pasture by the
month ri. >. Phone i7.F-2. Myl2
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

FRESH juicy hamburgcrs, Fred's Night
LunSh. Mays
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

\ X * < x 4 * y y = $, 4 * x X *
X
= NEW TODAY }
X \ y & * = 4 X * * X x 4 ). X
WANTED Dressmakng, 93l0 State Al.
----------------------------
/ WHITE BEANS, 5la lbs. for 25c; ~
lbs for soc; at Public Market MAJ
----------------------------
FOR sALE-t'resh COW, $50. Phone
W. Hays
IIASRRf--W Window cleaner. Phone 1850.
D. tf
FOR SALll-Pigs and stock hogs Pen
/ ROAD, IT. u Box -. Mays
WANTED Stock to pasture by the
month Rt ,. Phone i7.F2. Myi9
FOR sALE--A COW, $40. llO Mycrs
sIroot' Mays
FRESH Juicy hamburgcrs, Frcd's Night
LuISh' Mays
FOX sALE-l9.ton truck, Apply 1876
o'a'e street. May7
CARPETS vacuum clcaucd at the right
| price All work guaranteed. Phone
.-..-... o. w, May1l
FOR sALE--Two horsepower gasoline
engine; rotary pump. INQUIRE Roma
uUuleI Vfoss Market May7
FlVERood modern house for rcp,
cheap TO right parties. Inquire 5Oi
salem Bank Of Commerce bldg
] --7----------s------ ~
FOR sALE-Glay mare, s yr, oIJ
! 1890 lbs.i light camp spring wagon
bargain 1888 Lee st. MnyS
FOR SALE Fine llolstcin tcrsov
giving lhrcc gallons of milk, will be-
Ii'sh sept j. Call llD6 S. Fifteenth.
Mayl0
NANTED-Small furnished house. con.
Nehlent and reasonable. Long time.
II sailstied. E. l., Cooke, care Can.
---.... -.o. 'uuInuI' Mays
BUICK Ipasscnger. SIs5 cnsh, nc,s
ul's' am Z be beat for the money.
salem Auto Garage, 2l6 State. Phone
"'' May7
LuSI- Brlndln bulldog wIth new ia0I6'
er collar aud chain Reward ON dc.
Ivory Phone 1875
III YOU wish your carpets stoam ar
vacuum cleaned by reliable firm M
lou"'uu Pfleos phone ll0l. Maybe
4----777a-a-H-=a--=----------
COMPLETE stock Of tested garden.
Ileld and lawn seed. Westacott &
IhleIsen Co, l5l North High st. tf
Lost sorority ph, between ian anI
,,nIl and Richmond school Reward
uuNo lu'-' MaW
FOR RENT Furnished mouse bot wo.
lcr' bath, garden ground. pbme
Main 1891, Call isl Court MyiO
.-.H---'---------------------
b PASSENGER b. A. T.. for sale cboon
good condition. Add .ss box 2l1,
NouAou'n, Ore Mayi0
WE VIII allow you the highest price 10,
your used furniture 10 exchange foi
new Calef Bros, home furnishers
Phone 501.
BURBANK pOTATOEs- Wc can fn-.
nish seed or tablo stock nj anv time
l.hohe ilI Mungis Bros, jl6 state
'''' Mayl2
FURNISHED house for rent styierv
modern walking distance. s15 nor
month. Phone 1857 W, or cali 3DJ
le.IVn h.ie'l' Mays
WAN FED Some enc Ia take contract
OF hauling wood by cord. Must bavo
own ouiut. Phone 60g after n. m
''i"I' ~ w. MnyB
a VITO BUS TO the races tomorrow 5r
'ulI u5 up for pleasure trims Ren.
Honable atcsi no dust; confo-table
seats salem Jitucy co., 2ld state.
nuuu ''"' May7.S
Notice.
Sealed bids win be- received for tbo
,,!opsiuctIon Of o el0 niles of ditch.
Ior fufthcr particulars. spccifIcntions
elc' address VI. w. Mahonoy. Gpvps.
oregon, or soc q. A. Miller 97l Cbem.
oAeia street. with Kaylor Paint 20.
OWING DO The law that takes effect
/. D. a
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

FOR sALE-l4-ton truck. Apply l35
ola.e street. May7
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1915-05-07

foR NALE-Gray mare, s yr, old
$500 lbs; light camp spring wagon
uuIs"ln' 1900 Ice st. Mays
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20
r. Chesterton Undertakes to Analyze German Temperament

man governesses and the German schoolgirls
TO write the leading articles in the great Ger
man newspapers.
For instance. one OF the eternal marks OF
madness, or hysteria. IS arguing in a circle.
When Mrs. Jones always distrusted Mary
Ann because she lost the postage stamp
and II must have been Mary Ann that had the
postage stamp. because Mrs. Jones always sus-
pected her-there you have the presence OF a
certain mentality which merely wishes to re-
heve its feelings, and not to convince.
The German leading articles, political
speeches. and p-roclamations are full Of this.
II was present when the Imperial Chancellor
spoke contemptuousiy OF promises. almost In
the very act OF making US another promise
beginning. so 10 speak. all over again. Il was
present when the German Emperor told his
warriors TO use "alI" their EFFORTS 20 crush
our contemplate army which only brings
one back TO the fact that It cannot be obvi.
ously contemplate.
II IS present with special clearness in an
extraordinary leading article quoted by the
Nation last week from a German paper OF good
standing. II said that the British hypocrites
pretended TO SWIVEL over Louvain. or words 90
that effect; but that "we"-that e.. the Ger.
mans-know absolutely that Louvain was
burned by the Belgians themselves. at the
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20
Under German Dominion ireland Would Be Much Worse Off Than She
Was at Any Period Under English Control If England ChaIied Her
with a Whip Germany Would Sting Her with Scorpion IfCermany Squashed

Referring back TO my discussion concerning
the change OF feeling that has come to exist In
Ireland OF to-day, a. compared with conditions
as they existed slme years ago, I would can at
tention 10 my description ~ this new state ~
affairs. taken from my book. Prom Dublin To
Chicago:
The Irish who went O. America during the
last half n the nineteenth century left their
homes with a sense In Them OF burning wrong.
Thcy were men who hated England and all In
l-ish life which stood for England This hate
bound them together. Irish political struggles.
whether of the Fenian or the Parnell type. APP
peaiel 10 them. Ireland was, In one way or the
other, up against England. But all this has
changed. Irish politicians are no longer en-
gagged la a struggle with England.
They are in alliance with one set OF Eng
lishmen and only against another set OF Eng.
lishmen. There is In Irish politics at home an
appeal 10 the man OF party feeling lie is keen
enough for his own party, keen enough against
the other party. but when he gets 10 America
neither Of the parties at home can move him to
any special enthusiasm. He no longer. when at
home. hates England. lie hates. II hate is not
too strong a word. some Englishmcn There is
a great difference between hating England and
hating some Englishmen. when you are so far
away that all Englishmen get blurred.
Il do not mean TO say that the sense OF ma
tionllity has passed away from Ireland. II has
not. In some ways the spirit Of nationality Is
stronger to-day that II was at any time during
the last century. But the sense Of nationality
has 10 a very large extent passed out Of irish
political life. The platform appeal Of the poll
tician To the voter in Ireland now is far oftener
an appeal 10 Irishmen as part OF the British
democracy than 90 Irishmen as members Of a
nation governed against its will by foreigners
So / repeat, Ireland must be on the side OF the
Allies. because they are lighting for the freedom
that ireland has always stood for, while Ger
many victorious holds out nothing for Ireland
that she desires, but represents the same sort
Of oppression that up to a few years ago formed
the yoke from which she has at last succeeded
in freeing herself.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20
Why War Will Not End Until Teachers and Preachers Reform

to save her soul she viii lose &c. A few Indi.
yiluals 90 Europe have deliberately demolished
r. thousand years OF civilization and sent UNI
numbered thousands OF their follows 90 agonI-
ing death.
Drive the Divine out OF lie and 90 must tester
and decay. Niotza.Ho sucerod 40 tHo slave NOR.
aliy into which Germany had turned Chris
Uarity There ia % worse slavery than service
Of God. 70 is tho bondage of free men to the
yoke 0f masters whose only ideal b. material
cJuQues. % g. good for r1 man to Do lord ~
himself. for fhr lord of himself will have a
heritage Of woe. as Byron wrote long ago And
bis hprifare lr cannot keep 20 himself Tie
rvl DO brings falls uruu us al. Tufn cIylliza.
ton gives fHp pui.sInro 0f spiritual personality
The right f1 rule and guide. the future of man.
Kind will Do DARK and uncertain.
Tho pity of Dr. De- that F0 few persons in al
lands s.a The importance OF thiF side off cdura-
U1u They 8-r Too busy with material concerns
fH bother about d. Huf Geo what they have
brought upon The world hv hrir NEGLECT s
man cannot permit his rl.rHhIr f1 go wrong
without suffering himself We arc am. iudIgiI-
usIa and nations. Hf1f.rrF H"" nj anrf|nr Hrf
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20

Army has committed suicide, or the British
Isles are sunken in the Atlantic. II once IL be
established that international lies are justiGa-
BILE under whatever Is deemed to be ~interna.
tional provocation?
But when people put the two things into the
same article, / call 10 headlong and Ealloping
hysteria. It is simply lack OF self-control TO
swear you are telling the truth; then to say
you have a perfect right 20 tell a lie: and then
10 leave all your readers, sympathetic or I'M
sympathetic. I'm doubt about which q O.. Spir-
itual things apart. the object OF telling the
truth Is that you may be believed afterward.
The object Of telling a lie Is that you may be
believed now. y requires some courage to do
either: % wants some control. either TO face
the truth out or to keep the truth In. But
where people make a definite profession OF do
ing the one, yet claim an infinite license TO do
the other-then. ! say. there Is the lack OF
control. u is like denying ones own sigma.
ture I'm the middle OF ones own letter.
owing TO this and many other instances, I
have come to the conclusion that my old and
personal friends spoke the truth when they
spoke specially Of the abnormal sensibility and
active sulks Of the Germans. Tie German
temperament. perhaps. was meant for quieter
times. The German temperament has as much
right 20 exist as any other; and ! hope we
shall never make the mistake Of forcing the
French or English temperament upon a.. Long
may 30 flourish, and smoke its pipes and sing
Us songs! But the German temper IS simply
bad temper; and the sooner Il Is stopped the
better.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20

Tie Emperor of Austria set the blaze. the
Kaiser tanned the fame. and no efforts 81
other Powers could sfey the c~onGaEratlon. ON
a few individuals lies the burden Of the great.
est crime ever committed against man. Yet
ODE people cannot rid themselves Of tho ro.
Eponsibili'y Of having permitted a system OF
education calculated 10 inspire oHicialdom win
o. false ideal of national progress.
Education that makes possible The outbreak
and reign of brute force aud sayaEory over "a
whole continent o. HopeIcssIy ratr1rrade. a ma.
lion that can produce nothing more powerful
Than war lords Oh 70 doomed nation. Tho way of
progress can never Ip through fIr valley ~
blood Perhaps fHiH war VII see au end 0f the
war lords
Dr. viii prove beyond 400 doubt fo mankind that
millions oft human lives cannot be- safely en-.
trusted f1 H few mon. one fool can destroy iu
% brief space fUc good that if has taken millions
oft honest men centuries t0 complete. ~ is only
common sfu-u fiEt ODE few should not Do given
.n opportunity thus f1 rUi1nrrr che many.
Tue Jaw oft Ife Is fHgl Che few should earrf
.H Themselves Cor f.o sake of fme many. EH.
. rU.I...' # H| .'r IT rrFirr ..TH
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20
Poland's Fate a
Lesson for Ireland.

II Germany has been harsh with Poland, what
reason would ireland have for receiving better
treatment: None whatever. in my opinion. No.
indeed. Ireland would gain nothing from a Ger
man victory, but would lose much. And. as I
stated above, most IriShmen appreciate this fact
very well, and with all their hearts hope ear
estly for the ultimate success OF the Allies.
So far Ireland has not suffered any il conse-
quences from the war Her linen industry has
been hampered a little, but the losses in that
direction have been more than equalized by the
gains in agriculture. Irish farmers are reaping
a rich harvest on account OF the tremendous de-
mand for Irish goods In England. Most Of the
supplies that came to England from the Cont
nent have boen lessened or shut of entirely.
and this deficiency has been partly met by the
increased consumption Of Irish products. There
is a great scarcity Of labor I'm ireland at the
present time. On account Of the large number Of
men who have joined the army. but shipping
has not been affected by the war. as the Gov
eminent orders for boats has more than made
up for the losses I'm other directions. The to-
bacco industry In Belfast has not suffered NJ all
The slight increase IN taxation Is the only bur.
den that the war has put upon ireland, outside
OF the drain on her young men for soldiers.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20

instigation OF the English" in order to dis.
honor " the fair fame Of Germany"
Now. this seems to me improbable. Il Is
not impossible; its improbability is general
and atmospheric rather than caIcuIabIe IL
seems to suffer from a certain lack Of knowI.
edge OF the world. I think it exaggerates the
moral courage OF British generals to suppose
that they would casually ask the inhabitants OF
Louvain TO sack their own town. 10 say moth.
ing OF the fact that ! doubt II there we're any
English generals there to ask Il.
We must. therefore. presume that the plot
was older, and Matched in higher circles. We
must imagine King George approaching King
Albert and saying. behind his hand, in a hoarse
whisper, Burn Louyain!" Burn what?" the
King OF the Belgians would reply, in some
legitimate establishment. Burn Louvain?
What forg'
Then King George, lowering his voice stul
further. would hiss. we can say the Germans
did it, Then the King OF the Belglans. after
a struggle OF silent thought, must have nodded
several times; and, shifting his forefnger on
;he side OF his nose. nodded again. and with.
drawn TO arrange for the burning of the city.
! nave already expressed the subjective sen
salons produced In me by this narrative
mink % improbable. But the German Journal
ist Cor schoolgirl. OF both) say distinctly that
they know 10 absolutely" And o. IS exactly
mere that the real psychological fun begins.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20

IT be an:i-Engiish does net mean that an
Irishman must necessarily BE- pro-Ger-
man in sentiment. but I find upon com
ing 20 America the general feeling Is that an
Trtsanian must be one or the other.
Ny amazement at hearing this has been IN
creased by the discovery that so many Irish
Americans are in ignorance OF what this war
really means to Ireland and why she should
s,eadfastly do all she can to uphold the cause
OF The Allies.
Ireland can hope for nothing from Germany.
German victory can gain her nothing. but cost
her much. The Allies are fighting for a cause
that means individual control OF government.
while Germany IL fighting for government con
troll of the individual. Ireland has always been
lighting for freedom Which. / would ask all
Irishmen. holds out the kind OF freedom they
want, the German incentive or the cause Of the
Alliesg
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20

as elsewhere, the ideals 81 personal liberty
would be shackled. Under German dominion
ireland would De much worse "a than she was
at any period under English control II Eng
land chastiscd her with a whip. Germany would
sting her With a scorpion. X Germany
sqraShsd England. Ireland would then know
what oppression really means. Consider for a
moment the methods Germany applied 20 POLAND.
Germans formed cpunization schemes To ex-
patriaie the Polish from the land that had been
theirs Tor centuries and people il With Germans.
They have applied all sorts OF repressiyc and
obnoxious methods IN the treatment ~ their
Polish subjects.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20
Ireland Flooded
with German Tracts.

When this war broke out John Redmond
made his famous speech in which he declared
that Irishmen stood with England in her
trouble. and there was a wave OF enthusiasm all
over Ireland supporting Redmond and his
promises OF Irish support Soon after this a
great deal OF literature antagonistic TO England
was circulated in Ireland, and this had a ten
dency TO destroy some of the popular feeling
which Redmond had aroused. For n while there
wasa considt bic anti-English feeling in Ireland
aid IL had a marked effect in cutting the re-
o%ruiting. But later on the irish soldier who went
TO the Continent with the first detachment OF the
English army and returned home injured or sick,
stirred up considerable enthusiasm for the cause
OF the Allies. These injured soldiers I'm Ireland
we're from various sections Of the country, and
wherever they happened To be the sight OF their
injuries and sickness developed antagonism TO
those who we're responsible for their condition.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20
BY DR.. j. Ingram Bryan.

THE European war now blotHnE out west
ern civilization with human blood b.
doubtless the greatest calamity that has
bCfalen the world since man arose above Juo
beast 81 be really has done 30. 20 will take BE-
least hfy years % recover from the moral ami
material defamation wrought by tho b.undcr.
.nE and hate of man. and 90 is a question
whether complete recovery BE- possible then
% viii depend on whether me future mothers
of Europe VIII be- able To- produce wiser rUiI
Irou than are now being ErIod.
n the war but strikes a fatal blow 40 dar.
D1tism ard miIif1rism. 90 wI. perhaps. not
have been wholly In vain. f1r ao have 90 face
Che fact that O. few individuals have been able
fJ lay the whole of Europe In moral ana ma
f.rtI ruin. Dr. shows us thc immense rcsuon-
.Ih.|fy or fhe educator. especially those on.
trusted with fIr education Ul fHa representa-.
'Isfr ~ the people. Tho rulers and rrurraer.
fHi.Fn7 0l The people 0f Europe have plunged
Hnm into tr'e holocaust 1f blood without their
. ". Tnr#Hr#
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20

The German writer has just told a tale which.
10 the ordinary. unpurged eye. Is y plain piece
OF trash and tomfoolery. Yet he insists that
he knows IL is true, and goes on to say that.
against such outrageous plots. any German
plots are permissible.
In black and white. in so many words. the
writer lays IL down that the Germans may rob
ana cheat and lie, because the English rob and
cheat and lie. a burglar" he says. rs not
handled with slken gloves" And the burglar
Is Bill Sykes because Of his very forcibIs
and refreshing English name.
70 Is true that a burglar is not always
handled with silken gloves. Sometimes he is
salutes by men In Prussian uniforms. and
followed respectfully with fixed P~russian
bdyonets. like the tramp who took a fancy 10
hurgle the town OF Koepenick. No one ven
tured TO handle him, with or without the
gloves. The important point. however, is that
the German writer definitely commits himself
70 the proposition that. against a plot so afro
cious as that Of the English and the Belgians.
re has a riEht 20 lie as much az he likes.
Very we'll That Is an Ineligible position.
But there is here a catch In the brain. which
is Ike a catch In the breath sort Of hic-
cough Of human philosophy. 70 does not seem
10 occur TO him that his profession Of lying GA
the last part entirely eXtluEuishes his profcs-
sion Of truth-iclliuE I'm the FIRST part II We are
so wicked that the widest lie can be told
against us-why, then. ! suppose. we need not
believe anything What wilder lie could be
told against us than this which the Journalist
says De "knows'' Why not say the British
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-03-20

and this gave rise to a strong anttGerman feel
Ing.
Al the present time fully seven-tenths OF the
ueopie OF Ireland are In sympathy with England
The other threetenths are anti-English. but not
necessarily pro-German. They have a traditional
hate for England regarding her as their i'm
piacabie enemy. and completely overlooking the
TACT that England during recent years has been
doing her best 20 give Ireland good government
and prosperity. Most Irishmen appreciate these
Efforts that England has made in behalf OF their
betterment and realize that their interests are
closely allied with those OF England.
A large part Of the ~anti-English feeling which
stil exists in Ireland has been worked up by
the circulation OF pro-German literature emanat-
ing from America. Most OF these pamphlets
we're. no doubt. of German origin, although some
Of them came from Irish sources. The animosity
this sort Of literature stirred up was not Of a
lasting nature. and has by this time very
nearly disappeared. The wave Of anti-English
sentiment which arose shortly after the war
started has now receded. and at the present mo-
ment most Irishmen are strongly anti-German.
The most ~fanatical anti-English Irishman
never went SO far as to wish Germany to win.
but his chief desire was % zee England humbled.
This feeling is quite natural, in a way. A man
whose father and grandfather have always ex-
pressed the strongest hatred for England, &C
cusing her OF many wrongs to his country. must
OF necessity. you might say, have in his system
a sort Of hereditary dislike for the nation that
oppressed his ancestors. England did in the
past treat ireland rather badly. and no one ap-
preciates that better to-day than the average
Englishman. and England Is thoroughly sorry
that such Treatment was accorded Ireland. She
Is doing everything possible 10 make amends for
the past, and intelligent Idshmen Of to-day are
fully aware OF the fact that England is their
best friend.
We Irishmen believe that England is fighting
for Ireland as wen as for herself. II Germany