The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1915-08-07

by
Whole People t Bshw chester
OF the Greatest Educators in the World

cultivated. They profess supremacy In cultiya-
ton. Yet they have violated treaties 10 which
they themselves nave been parties; they have
invaded 4 devastated the innocent country
OF belgium; they have DESTROYED .he University
OF Louyain: they have bombarded the Cattle
dral OF Rheims: they have sown the
with mines: they have desecrated the sanctity
Of the white flag nd the Red Cross: they have
sunk the Lusitania. the have used asphyxiat-
ing gases In Franc and Flanders. they have
poisoned wells in Southwest Africa What. then.
Is "Kultur7" How does II differ from "culture?"
Anybody who considers the general accept
ance OF the word culture" will probably feel
that q denotes certain definite qualities at
tainments OF human nature.
II implies knowledge. and that OF various
knds-the mastery OF the physical world.
acquaintance with the history OF mankind. an
initiation into the political and philosophical
thought Of all the ages. II implies refinement.
too. The essence OF humane studies is. as
the ancient poet has said mitigation. or an
amelioration or barbarous rudeness.
But. apart from manners. a cultivated per.
hnds his pleasure not only. or chiefly. In
material objects. such as wealth. but In art.
science and poetry.
Yet a third element OF true culture seems
TO be freedom. Primitive man is the slave OF
arbitrary customs, but as he becomes civilized
and cultivated he Is enabled 10 develop him
self upon the natural lines and the very laws
10 which he willingly submits are the means
and instruments OF his free action. Liberty.
J. d. Mills conceived II In his celebrated
essay. r. essential to progress.
There IL yet fourth element which never
fails to assert and express itself in true cul-
ture II r. sympathy. knowledge expands the
interest as II widens the outlook Nobody is
a cultivated man-nobody. indeed. deserves
TO be called a gentleman-unless he thinks OF
othNrs as we'll OF himself. and pays regard
to their feelings no less than 10 his own.
II will not. think. be denied that Germans
OF the highest intellectual and spiritual calbre
such as Goethe and Kant, have. IN their lives
and in their writings. exhibited these qualities
not always in The same degree. for learning
and refinement are more conspicuous I'm Goethe.
sympathy In Kant; but they have not been
wanting distinctive features Of cultivated
Teutonism.
But the word "Kultur" has practically. n
not always theoretically. possessed a different
meaning. II seems. curious enough, TO be a
word OF comparatively late origin. In the great
"Deutsches Worterbuch" OF Jacob and Wilhelm
Grimm. which began 10 be published about the
year 1860. neither "Cultur" nor "Kultur" oc-
ours In Meyers "Konversations Lexicon"
us9s). "Kultur-G schichte" is the subject OF
an elaborate definition. which may be said 10 be
In effect that Il Is the history OF the inner
social life OF humanity in its natural develop
ment the material, but still more on the
spiritual (geistigen) side.
Experience. however, shows that. when the
word "Kultur" has been used by Germans OF
late years. should say. roughly. from 1870