davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-09-13

= 4
shave present platform area OF 81
777,166 square feet and the three and
three quarter mites of steel sheds pro-
tect a wharf aeraI of 2,55S,906 square
feet. There Is no question that the
water terminal facilities of New Or
leans are unusually efficient as COM
pared with those of other American
ports and they are open to use by all
water carriers on equal terms.
We continued on our way around
the larbor, past the open doors of
warehouses whose floors were covered
with acres Of high-piled bags of I'M
port Coffee: past other warehouses
where general cargoes were assemb-
ling for shipment and where freight
cars, drays, covered wagons, automo-
biles. horses and shouting swearing
teamsters and stevedores were appar-
emily jammed in inextricable confus-
ion: past the lumber sheds where all
the valuable woods of the south await
ed shipment: past the worlds great
est sugar refinery, the naval station,
more miles Of wharves, sheds and
warehouses and hundreds of busy
ocean and river craft.
Awakening Decade Ago.
Il New Orleans, as I explained In my
story OF last Thursday, only awaken
ed ito her opportunities a little more
than decade ago. The dock board
took charge OF the port of facilities OF
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-09-13
porto Rico Has Jitney War.

WASHINGTON. Sept. ia real
war between iitneys and a reeu'ar
railroad has developed down in Porto
Rico. Up to two months ago, the rail-
road had monopoly of the passenger
business between Catano and Baya-
mon, which amounted to half million
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-09-13
Record Amateur Astend.r,a.

Rooosd Amateur Attendance.
CLEVELAND, ~ept. 1S-Predfottons
today were that all basehaU sttend-
anos records VII be hyofeA this
month in The nna4 games ot the Oeve-
land amsteur championship series,
witch began Saturday.
me deciding game last yeer was
Witnessed ~ ! crowd estimated at
from 10000 to $4,000 persons.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-09-13
AFTER SUFFERING
TWO LONG YEARS
Mrs. Aselin Was Restored to
Health by Lydia E. Pink
hams Vegetable
Compound.
Minneapolis, MINI ':After my little
one was born was sick with pains In

my eioes wnlch tho
doctors said W ere
caused by infamma-
ton. I suffered .
great deal every
monthand grew very
thin. I was under tho
doctors care for two
long years without
any benefit. Finally
after repeated sug-
gestions to Try 1t We
got Lydia E. Pink
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-09-13

railway mail postorice was ''that ~
the letters will blow out Of the car
and some one would have to follow
the train and pick them up along the
track" This, however. was not srue
but the clerks experienced . more
difficult task in handling the mall
than they do nowadays.
The first full railway postofnce cars
were built by the Chicago & North
western In 1867, four years after Arm
strong had distributed the mail IN
common wood box cars, on plans pro.
vided by Armstrong, and were placed
lin service between Chicago and Gin
ton. Iowa, in March of the same year.
and between Boone and Council Bluhs,
Iowa, in September Of the same year.
These cars with the exception OF the
nails, screws, bolts, rods, brakes,
trucks, locks and hinges used In con-
|sturction, were built OF lumber. Car
building has become an art since and
some Of the best specimens are dreams
!of the mechanical engineers ideas. OF
symmetry, strength and beauty, exc
cuted under his eye by his most skill
ed workmen.
A great Improvement has been made
in the mail car in the past four years.
The old frame cars are becoming an
cient history, practically all cars now
being constructed of steel. A big
change has even been made In the in
terror. Heretofore the letter boxes
were constructed In the ends Of the
cars, now they are built along the walt
close to the doors. This was done In
order to give the clerks working the
letter mail better opportunity TO
escape in case of danger. Under the
old plan the letter clerks were house
| in the farther end Of the car snd in
case of wreck nine times oyt Of ev-
iery ten the clerk was unable to es-
cape either injury or death.
A Remarkable Change.
In the days of Armstrong the heavy
bullhide pouches were used to carry
the mail. They had three times tho
weight OF the present pouches. In
those days the destination slips wers
iof wood and these wood chips were
used over and over again. When a
new pouch was routed to different
destination the clerk would shave or
the name and write> with a pencil the
place where the pouch was destined.
Now printed slips are used.
To George Armstrong belongs all
this credit, but his name Is almost
forgotten. One public school has been
named after him and bronze bus!
was placed in the lobby of the Chicago
postof1ce ten years after his death in
1871, by the railway mail clerks, who
now number 10000.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-09-13
In the old way OF washing
YOU do by main strength on the
Wash-bOard what

does while you rest and without
boiling or scalding. In hall the
time too, and the clothes are
whittier. sWeeter and cleaner
thanis possible by the old back
breaking way.
Just as wonderful for all household c'eaRnne'
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-09-13

TIC Gate.city want column.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22

When Captain JabeE Bebee OF Mar
blehead launched his new brig he
named her the Jane Bebee after his
wife. who had sailed with him for
many a voyage and was almost as
good a sailor as he was. The first
voyage OF the new brig was to GER
tain South American country, ruled
by a dictator. who carried things with
a high hand for five or six years and
got away with a lump OF money just
in time 10 avoid the revolution that
his corrupt practices had evoked. The
craft arrived after fine run and was
waiting 10 haul into the wharf when
an Official came aboard and demanded
a bonus OF 81 900 for permission 10
land the cargo. This was in addition
to customs dues and port charges and
was directly from Don Castro. 1t was
blackmail pure and simple. and Aunt
Jane. rs the captains wife was gen.
orally called. said 10 her husband:
"Jabez Bebee. we won't pay it, and
YOU tell him so straight from the
shoulder. No, not a blessed penny"
The captain braced up and became
defiant. and Don Castro's messenger
was sent away with a lea in his ear
Il was the general opinion that the
dictator would wilt. But the brig was
held in the harbor for As hours on
one pretense or another and was for
hidden TO haul into the wharf or set
sail for another port. Then Jabez
Bebee went ashore prepared TO assert
and maintain that the government
represented by the eagle would stand
no trihing with one of its representa-
tives from Marblehead and in COM
mand OF a new brig which had logged
OF seven knots an hour with her yards
checked in. He had his thunder duly
prepared and his lightning handy by,
but he struck a snas almost AT once.
Don Castro was not a man who would
stop TO blum the combined powers of
the world If there had been $500 in
sight for him. The willy old rascal
also Thoroughly understood statecraft
and the number of years that would
slip by while the offended govern
ment was making an official investi-
cation into one OF his acts. official or
private.
Pay me a thousand dollars and you
can land your cargo was his answer
20 Captain Bebee.
Captain Bebee came aboard with a I
long face. and in reply 10 his wife's I
query he explained what had taken /.
place ashore. The matter was talked 4
over for an hour, and IL was finally I
decided that the captain should go 4
ashore again and try 10 buy Don Cas-
,ro of for a smaller sum. If he plead
ed poverty and INDUCED in no further
bluffs Il was hoped that the dictator's
heart might be softened into accept
ing about $500. Il was about o'clock
when he was pulled ashore again, and
two hours later word was sent US by
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22
IsTRIA. WHERE ARMIES CLASH. KNOWN
TO HISTORY IN NINTH CENTURY. B. c.

fieEed co.. --tiera With me-; Of the
fst-tsn trsus frc-n this tis date
so1ae vcrT interesting records % social
orEaniEatinn on the peninsula
me tand vas organized into com
uunrs with their chief magistrate. a
snail eolncii. or council % assessors
asa a couneii % the people The COM
n1ue governments eNtrlded their
voFs % 90 even greater degree than
thr most governed communities would
thinE % going today. Their reEuia-
ti8rs provided for all manner % do
nestle supervision. They Fixed the
tire % new viataE~. the time for SELL
inE nsw wine. the amount 81 bread
that cauid b. baked 10 ore oven. and
sdsinisfsFrd pure food regulations
with greatest strietueaH.
~as today. Judges wcnt through the
markets fryia the food. Thcar Judges
weut through the tavsrna and tasted
the vine before the irnkeepers might
pas it on sale. The prices % forelEn
goods veTe fixed b. the authorities.
and the quality % these goods care
fully determined before they could be
pat On sale. Stone measurements
we're cut on fountains. on the founda-
tioa stoass % public buildings and on
ofhsF eanspicuoua places Armed men
wsrc not allowed 20 enter the cities:
the regulation against carrying wear-
oas being deemed Just a. important
then a. nov. However. a citizen sol
der who happened % XIII an oniookcr
during military practice vas able %
Ees Immunity from punishment. Mill
tariEra had is privileges IN IstFia-
Ia some % the cities. the making OF
false money was punishable with
4sa'h. The bearing % false witness.
where no IN was collected. was pun
ishsf By the loss % the right nostril
ana publieaf.on on the stair OF the
towuhaii % the delinquent as a per
furer. The dcE;rurfion Of property
Eas punished BY tne ioss % the right
haad. md a long list Of illegal words.
oaths and Objectionable phrases was
attached 20 the Fccfion % the code
that provided the punishment % the
piiiory for the biasphcmer. Tips were
strictly forbidden: the workman was
forced 90 accept no more than the .
wage prescribed. The activity % those T.
entrusted With .ooi-ug out for the
peoples welfare stretched 10 every I
little detail % domestic life
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22
ILLINOIS LIBERTY BELL

III following interesting story %
tss LiseFty bell o ths ~ess appears
is = s'sTt Gage. Ill. letter ia the Nsw
YORK. san
~Tse great bsonze bell mat toiisa
ere saE @ EaEiisa supremacy ia the
Mississippi valley whsa George Roger
CtaFGs ksatucsy bacsNooasuarn
ssiEs,s Oh EssSzskta On the late tNi-
tEat 0t JAY q i5ss. viii likely become
tes pFoeeFtF % Shs tlitrois Historical
society vithis q short tine
This Historic bell. saia 90 b. the
o,eess west % ne AlisEhsniss. nos
rests os f9aF bricks oa che vessfbaic
seos % tss f@maegiass Coucepsioa
esaFes % NsW EasEastia. Cracked
sre eorso&sG. tfs ussslr has nos ben
assFf 0gsE sss satiaa1s % ne Aaes~as
Frsses sestissssst FOE a. yea-s
To tss t1iisassaa q - niszos, as in
tsrsssieE reiie as tie Liberty bell
Two years aiaa1ss 90 ths boar from
tss tias tas tiesstv bell "a Phiia-
estfsis rFoeisiaea tks siEnszF % the
Ass@T'ear useisrsFipa % tzseps-4saes
tss srszf tsii "a the tower % ts~ ola
roes es0fes a. Ezsszssiz sas rfus-
las r. ss=ss o: George Roger c.arxs
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22
HORSES VS. GASOLINE

tiunois - Esttiss fsasV ts O. away
vim dobsfa
AZ fso sfs educational tractor eEHf
bfss-ens az eloomiuafan ant CBe
other st Chsmeaffs this summer se
sfrort VII b. mate o. show farmers
hat steam sad Essoiias sFs eheaoer
man horsee
The farmers o. thes state have sft1. s
0u0.n0u lavestsd On Horsss aad maiss
ead enfr stfta00 00o tsvsstet on
stties shsep ant soss On some t.lf-
nofs eeuattss ere berses are wertn
three sfmes az mucb as ere cattle
q tsEes an average ~ stEHt herses
worth sts6 q hssd fs farm $50 aeres
% land The maintenance charge fsr
thess horses r. sss0 q year rnat ts 81
an acre tsF power Cor cfittvafioa our
poses TIE tFscf0r enthusiasts say
they can cut thfs expense on baif
tf they can eenvtsce tBs farmer %
the trtsth 81 thsff claims. thev VII
have denr mach tg Increase ere rsisa
ma ~ cattle saf haas. FOR n t0eses
aFs removed ron enc farm. there wftl
be more reeua foe anfmsis wsfct are
s,sff Tor -sssf
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22
The Daily Story
a woman's Game n. Quad.

Don Castro that Captain Bebee was in
/ jail on the very serious charge of trv-
! ing 10 bride the very highest officials
/ of the country. When Aunt Jane had
( got the situation straight in her mind
she promenaded up and down with her
/ lips puckered up. AT the end Of about
! 10 minutes she walked up to the mate
with her face as hard as stone and
said:
Look here. Samuel Davis Smithers
are you man or a scarecrow?'
I'll stand by you in any play you've
got" replied the mate.
"And how about the rest of emf"
They'll follow me TO man"
The crew was called aft, and Aunt
Jane detailed her plan. AS a result
they lifted anchor and sailed out OF
the harbor about an hour before sun
down. The brig ran down the coast
If miles and came TO anchor in a bav
reso-ted to by The dye craft and all
that night eyeHy man OF the crew was
kept hard at work While the carpen-
ter cut gun ports in the bulwarks for
four guns on a side men went ashore
and brought OF eight logs 70 repre-
sent cannons These were stripped OF
their bark. painted black and rudely
mounted. and. though the sailors were
bunglers at the business, they gave
the Jane Bebee man-of-war look to
make you thrill Viewed from a dis
lance of half a mile the Quaker guns
looked ready to spout flame and smoke
and round shot as big as beer kegs.
and Aunt Jane rubbed her hands and
of it."
One of the crew had drum and an
other a fife and a third a concertina.
and they we're tolled off as the band
From the slop chest and fo'castle they
got enough garments 10 rig up doz-
en- dummies and made them fast TO the
bulwarks here and there, and they set
sail on their return to the port
Straight up the harbor sailed the Jane
Behee an hour after sunrise, but she
was barely broadside 10 the town and
her anchor down before a boat pulled
of from the mob with flag of truce
flying. In that boat sat Captain Bebee,
who had been set al liberty with many
apologies.
Jane" said Captain Bebee as the
brig cleared the harbor and the wood
en- guns were tumbled overheard, you
are a mighty smart woman, but
can't Just understand it. How in the
name of Goshen did you get the idea
I talked and threatened and clustered
and bluffed, but
But a woman never bluffs" she in
terrupted. NO. Jabez Bebee, when a
woman starts out 70 do anything she
does II. even if she has to walk all
over the onion beds in the garden
And now I think you had better wash
your hands and face and comb your
hair and get ready for dinner"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22

Stacy lasE sia@beFiaE mFmgTiei
rave b-~a aasessss9 ~ tse FFsssa'
F-ssu=ss Good % var tsst sss en-
settled 5a Gee coarse Hssrty al % ths
srere Spots ia Esf6Fr. rrcsitaE "a
ere Er-srel-ss eEtGotsrs iH rsafFai
.safs. .a fae f.sts O. sss tragic siEaif-
esaee Of tE~s- places today. tesir 20
HaeE5r Stores 90 ere esntaries past.
t-ziEs r. sauesis tssssG receatiT ~
ere NsElesst o=1EFarsie society treat
leg Of wrsE l.fr has beer 'e Azsfris 3
fssrsa territory. Wties ere Italians
ere SOW ssErmatleE CD tavs1e- TIE
sFsrer1sst ersf5agsss
rtsrr5s. ere wetE-f- chapel FFsln-
sals az ere EFst 20 ter AGrjatie aaf
enc sEFF1 .Et.EE territory back 81
fF-sE. rsE 90 Errss Importance con-
zzfesal.F or 5sfassFiaiIY. ssf uith
f-n easseeFs1.s wigs tEs world ir the
vest Esas tsEFt- rrGwr aEf spoken %.
ssr5t.s s sEFesa % alEhtF safsTsstfaE
Frf1 lElseFErrs 0f past etrjiizstioa.
wee sF9zElE E1 o1F ssfsGti0z 81 ore
o. f7ssF's Etrzt bsstieaei4s. &C. ths
usfs ~ errGfs tHsE have occurred
sa-rF. 7. .aMEa n .NeHEH NaHeE ~ WaaE
e1asatsFaEl6s. ftts re wifh e deeper
sasr-rss .~ ts~ hissorT that is nov b.
izE gs1s sEas Gee borders. ant. later.
cay b. rsfe wifkia tssm-
-rE~ eiujiizsFi8a o. tss peainsaia T.
ssei=aE G6sisHs ffom Fies aad eui-
tafef tfii=srs settled coioaiss there
IN ere Hiash eenfury q. O.. ard. IN
Gas o. o. tEr Corinthians followed
.hfaa. TIE sanaT culture % the Greeks
sses bi0ssatarf al si0uF these shores.
f7ss1ef iss artists here. hgiifst is
sr.ariss. ass 81 last gave way before
ire Csifs. who arrived abogt ths fourth
e~EfarV n C. Wn~n the Romans
% ere forced 90 crush ths pirates %
.Es $eFth Adrizfie. tstria fell gnfsr
's=tr cr@inati1a. ahout 10 "a G.. FOL
.1wirE az urTjssaE. ths Romans
.h7ToaEhty sstfusa the land IN izs n
aE.s. f1 10 r. O. 1900 Roman col
aaists vFrr Erttie4 there.
~TtrogEE che dark ages and veil
st1 ttr middle ages. istriaa land vas
ssf Gel ere vortex % che struggle be-
.we@a ire smpirtH % tae east and
vest. and thea. between Hyzautiurn.
s= Gerraan pawers % IRE nosth and
hs rtsluE r1mg.-f eiai cities a. Italy.
~ ttfs Vf1ier TAI estab,'saef privi-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22

eoaques; OF this pieke, post OF Eng
inud
The bell was q gift 20 the parish
% KAskaskia from King Louis XIV
o. France. IL vas cast in France In
issi and IL said 20 have been placed
IN the kassassia church in 1912. Its
tones vere familiar 90 the habltants
% the kASkAskia valley long before
che French and Indian var. and the
colony vas nearly fifty years old when
the molArch'k Gift was hung in its
Ercat oaksn yoke In the beifry. II
- the mos; notable relic % early
French lays remaining In the Kaskas-
kia district
The bell e. beautiful sample OF
che eraftsman'a AT. II weights $50
poEuas. ana according 20 an lnscrlp-
fioa vas cas-, q the to~r % La Ro-
chsiis. Normandy. IN 1871 AT addi-
tio1ai taferfp;io- rccitcs that bell was
east for the church IN Illinois across
ths sea- i - % the old type requiring
EsosatinE in a heavy wooden yoke
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22
TIE sILo "a PROSPERITY
SICK

@ Waseess.a tsrr sstas sssf AVE
fseaesra6 e. seesEsF fsass.as.sals 81
sanaeeaoa asfvssa ssssessuFs sae
srss aineaE sas farmers rss sssss BE-
srraseg tss satst asases ef s.,as lsse
qeaf 81 sse,ls $500 sac EssT sss gals
ax o. sBeis rar sass safe gsas fesF
rasf ace ns @ass tasorssss sesE,s
s.gElsisa ss sas resources es ere sEEss
n &c seasamts wsF res rees.s e
Htseeasia are slsa s.tslsE ss sse sea-
srf ~ a4rsaasG=s osees ssE zsss
To- enc asas8us ee asosf GfGCG a TssF
A lsfEs ears ef tssss are eNesf 5s
Hs esseFrF enc Eseresss fe festf sss
fmaaf tas fsFm~rs eFef Gar greater
nae ls ere egF
rns sFfeF vFfTF sssrsess sess sssrs-
lGn Lei Easr us faFgssr wsa ess eee-
salsraats falrrisx ee f-e,iisE af ssaes
90 beef wtsss.ss tss s5J9 ear s-ar+
CD aga fsr aasaesaes.s 60 BE @-ses
o. s9stssss set e1ssssfs sf 81 a1@s a
slls 81 sts rgsfs esres. ts Oder words.
Ms saFtsf WIN shs s-r9 PAYS fer ere
ssEsaagbf.s ts e. eeuets Of years. TIE
enc swrsrs are setter ere Co sr9ft
fsF aat1 Fsaa tease wto are zoe $50
esvasrs Nssr 81 thea are setT % e.
aanee ere sr TIE sf.o ssves ne
farmer sssrEeE gt ur back or BE-
does fstrrtsE Fa71.fs rs esFsass s.si.f-
"a "a sEs ere baes-F Fas Gsgis t9zeFs
~ IS betsy are % EasEts Efs best
cess TIE sr pays Coz rssf ie e.
SCISSOR. geEFF tstersf,~ eireuesstser
Frf fsr en- saFar1sf.s fs r. eaap,s ~
seasons ffr~rr ere waT Eel arsa zoe
Hs 1vu.sE sr sssFs-ett'r Te- aaf1-
Fssfi- ff ssasfFsF fs tsessr tse es7f~
Common Js ere essstrr fhsa ta tswe
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22

Fss 80 @ess rzrt 80 esisFEst.
eeFeeat EtsE4s o. esslfrss ssi
FaseE sfaiss are ss@sts issz=az-
slas Erafzesd - fafsest1s wsies
sssrFs targsEs esss. tEEoas. tsssa
ssG Sues. sFss. esFs o. seals. BE-
sseFr tss tsssFf,s baefiiss is al
mass ss Widespread ss eosazas Pas
eeeel esstsis properties % tEs
cases aFe -seresstz
UEas 90 CO.,
g5sss. Essssssias-
cissa tss sssss stEss saf HoTsi-E.
Sc asTE9W as siEat rtzts soap aef
water aat ta6EEEruss. F1.iau fes
s-sssisE - = brssHisE wfsk tes fol-
t9WlsEs glst1 e8tFa % iPeeze. oas
cart fs aieos9i. ~ parts. a drop o.
$50 90 aatssss tes toothbrush. aed 90
fsssfeE % szs4Eh after Sc uss
Ffu fse Temporary teeth SD srep
Eas reraasfnt ssf uestisfrT, f.
sore iszpeFtznf fa eaitfsaa4 ssar 90
tsf=s life. Sever sii6u e eaiif 90 50
sish q Gsezgsa taash gasFsated.
Aeasf catarrhal tsfserioas--coifs-
=aas Ehrfr rssaiss-sdenotfs All "a
lsrEet s1ssiis-bT aVoifleE eaffiinE.
orsras4ssd tfvtaE- Eo9ss. school
faoas aeE bedrooms. Teach chii-
erer Ehas AL -coaEhs asd colds
arc E1Fs 90 less eatehtaEs teach
tt-n Co. sFa5f personal eoatart and
aF6tt eEesansieE saliva oa personal
articles teach th~m 90 cough OF
szFezs oniT With kasftsFchisf %
hsnG before Ehs face anf teach
ttsa tkas cold aiF is hsaithfgl
N-rr Treatment
Zoe tEs simejs saiarEFf siaafs %
sTr-s r1 have ere portal % eafrJ
t5F far tafreflaa cleaned up-tes'h.
fossils. eassFrs. sfTugsfs. whatever
nay b. fHssf AZ fault
Fa~ tsr ggbeFeuisr FisrfE. the
frrernsaE ugss 81 s1s oaiy thar
fast saEerssrd. Bat also the same
s-zerai hFEsale treatment a csnsump-
tive shoals hsVe=a1EGear life.
o. O. fra Instances. buE very fsw
aevafaFs. ll becomes unavoidable Co
sfEaee ere tzbeFeaisr aotes sarEi-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1915-06-22
Sidelights on the European War

Rottumeroog. Netheriands-(C CORES
I pondence OF The Associated Press
AT no other place in Europe is there
better opportunity than on this island
I OF observing the beginning and the end
OF the airship and aeroplane expedi-
lions which have recently become so
frequent 70 the English coast. Rot
tumeroog is the last and most easterly
OF the long string of low-lying sandy
islands sizirting the north coast Of Hol-
land and then continuing along the
German coast From its lookout sta
ton. in charge OF the Dutch military
authorities. may be seen day after day
fights OF German "Tauben" or Doves"
as the flying machines are called, COM
ing out OF or going into the mouth Of
the Elms and from ~Borkum. the first
OF the German islands, or even passing
on their way to or from the island
fortress of Heligoland or Wilhelmsha-
ven. Sometimes a Zeppelin, or per
haps a squadron OF these dreadnoughts
Of the air. Will skirt the coast high up
in the clouds Just outside Of Dutch ter
ritorisl waters. bent on attacking Brit
ish war and merchant ships If oppor-
mnity offers in the North sea.
There are, however, not many people
to observe the passage OF the air fotil-
las. for. outside the detachment of
Dutch troops stationed here for the
period OF the war for the purpose of
protecting Dutch soil from violation
by any OF the belligerents, the only in
habitants of the islands are the coast
guard and his family. Visitors-and
especially foreigners-ar not well
come AMI. in fact, have been forbidden
10 land since the establishment of mar
tial law in the Dutch cOstal regions.
At rare intervals during the day the
privileged observer may see a torpedo
boat destroyer steaming along in the
ofing al great speed. II may be
British or a German vessel. but which
ever il is it does not slacken its pace,
for submarines are always about. After
dark the fact that German warcraft,
usually small vessels, are nearby is
evident from the twinkling at frequent
intervals OF signals from their mast
heads. From Borkum. too. at night
few lights shine out, while along the
coast of the Dutch province OF Gronin-
gen lighthouses keep up their warn /
ing flashes without cessation.
Rottumeroog. which is reached from
the Dutch mainland by motor boat
was at one time rather thickly popu-
lated. and in the Middle Ages many OF .
he merchants OF Groningen built 4
on the island. II was. too, .
'or long period the haunt of pirates. /
among them the notorious Tristan no
Dleman Douwe van Gins and Barthold 4
Sntens van Mentheda. IL served also
Is a place OF refuge for Clanricards of
when he fed from the British
sles with King James Clanricarde
wen built castle here. which was
destroyed in 1907 during great food.
Sea-birds usually avail themselves
4 the island as a breeding place and
many hundreds of thousands of their
,Zgs are sent annually to the mainland