davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
CARD OF THANKS.

My dear Friends: | was sitting
by a bright, cracking fire last
night, thinking of the many Incl.
dents Of the year. | made up
my mind as soon as | reached the
store 10 try 10 express my keen
appreciation Of the kindnesseS
that you have extended TO me.
We are very apt, in the mad rush
OF life for the dollar, to overlook
the many little kindnesses that
really play such an important
part with all of us. ! take this
opportunity to wish you, and
those dear 10 you, a mighty hap
py Christmas, and one of the most
prosperous and successful New
Years you have ever enjoyed
Whenever you re in town, drop II
TO see me. Here's TO a larger and
we'll filled stocking, fine dinner
good health and success Very
truly, The Shoe Store, Il. G, Rice.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23

We, your official board, wish
to express our qualification at
the suspicious beginning we have
made of the years work. Every
service has been eminently salts
factory and everything seems to
point to a year of unprecedented
success. AS you see above, the
pastor and choir have provided a
splendid Christmas program and
We urge upon our members, one
and all, that we show our appre-
citation by giving our presence
nest Sunday. And in this connec-
ton we make you a proposition
for your serious consideration
that YOU join with your official
board in the adoption of the fol
lowing resolution: Beginning
with this Christmas service, i
will honestly endeavor TO attend
church once every Sunday for
the year and as much oftener as
possible. We fee that our habit
of non-church going is entirely
unnecessary and We want our
people TO SCI aside this bad habit
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23

For that bad cold, try Stone s
Cold Tablets, at Hickman Drug
Co.
DR.. c. l.. Moss and wife will
spend Christmas with Clinton
relatives.
School has been dismissed for
the holidays and will begin again
on Monday, Jan. Bird.
L. A. Stone, wife and daugh-
ter and Miss Vera Stone, will
spend Christmas with Mrs. Eliza
beth Stone, of Milan, Tenn.
If you get your New Suit and
Ovcrcoat from the Leibovltz
Live Store" you can depend
upon them being Dependable.
j. w. Jennings and wife leave
Saturday to spend Christmas
Day with her parents. Their trip
will also include Jackson, Tenn,
Mobile, Ala, New Orleans and
Memphis. They will return a.
bout the 2Sth.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
WEATHER.
Pair today and Thursday.
pisiss NOISY Christmas.

blNiNh Nolbr RWlANNaas
In lower attitudes whcre the wealth
or bureau makes even no prctense az
supplying snow. says the New York
sun. the celebration ~ Christmas takes
on different manifestation South Of
Washington Christmas has always been
the day ~ great noise. the day set
apart for the clangor Of bells, the
ahrilling u trumpets. above all else the
fnocrucker
In the social conditions Of the south
before the revolution the day " noise
and crash % gunpowder wsH the 9Th
Of November. on which day all loyal
subjects we're adiurcd 10 remember.
remember the gunpuwder TREASON and
Mot" The celebration ~ this noisy
rxccmilon ~ Guy Fawkes by the loyal
cavalier families of the south esiab-
'lshc,l q winter holiday ~ which noise
was thr predominant characteristic
After the southern colonies had Joined
equal hands with the uuthrru Va lie
.uug war uupnwdcr TREASON was no
IDu-rr the fbrmr fur celebration. Hut
SOME celebration i.ute must h. to
provide for thr uui.r which had be
.uuic % halt hoe DO, r,riy winter. In
the earlier timc. christmas had been
A day of sobri-iy uut ~ dour.. Of lavish
hospitality within
ubrt Ut,r, ulfufut then. than 10
POSTPONE The uybrl Of uminwdcr day
until the next hulilu, u course and 90
give christmas m uutdupr element
which u bad never possessed
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
Smoking and chewing tobacco
at Stark & Co.

Smoking and chewing tobacco
at Stark & Co.
Miss Edith Hill, of Cairo, will
arrive next week TO visit Miss
Homer Green.
Mrs. f. L. Case leaves Monday
for st. Louis to spend the holidays
with her daughters.
John Kistner leaves Saturday
for st. Louis TO spend the Christ
mas with his daughter, Mrs. Chas.
FOltZ.
The gasoline boat Clancy
Fork, "a nd barge, out of the Cum
berland river, arrived here Tues
day 10 work in the corn trade.
Mrs. T. Grant DELPHI, of Nash
vile. is visiting her parents, MIN
Walker and wife. Mr.. DELPHI will
arrive Friday TO spend a lew
days.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
A Happy Tree.

"Oh look az me-
sang the Christmas tree
A folly young evergreen
TIN dressed up here
For a show. that's clear,
And I'm anxious TO be seen
To grow Ia n wood
10 very good
90 afr you've trife more
but ! declare
II cannot compare
To block ON the pArlor noori
You may stand In the cold
TIL "A century old.
Not a blossom 20 speak Of CONES
But hero In an hour
I'm all IN flower
with mlttcns and dolls and drums
/ know 10 we'll
And daron't 60 tell
So much that I'm like TO burst;
There's a mystery hung
or secret swung
ON each brSnch from last 20 INST
How rd love 20 shout
Al my feelings out
pu, / daren't even cough:
And Just the half
Of great big laugh
Would shake all my candles on.
So I have 10 hide
All the fun inside
TIL I'm full a. ! can be.
whatever folks say.
I'm king OF the dayi-
SANG the jolly chEistmas Tree
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
SUPERVISORS APPOINTED.

At the Monday evening session,
the city fathers named Their
Board of Supervisors for the an
nual revision of tax lists. The
board is composed of b. G.
Hale, ST., l.. P. Ellison and Marion
Provow. Their business IS to
look over the City Assessor Roy
Better@Orth s books and raise or
lower assessments, as they may
deem proper. This board will
convene next Tuesday.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
Christmas In
The Farmhouse

When az a child you read stories Of
Christmas celebrations where the
houses were decorated with holly and
misiietoc aud tire people had such Jolly
times pattIng them up. didn't you look
around your own house aud wonder
how that would look if trimmed with
those same greensl Anl didn't you
long 10 smell their spicy fragrance and
TO have hand IA putting them up
where you thought they would look
the bestl And didn't you long to feel
that peculiar Christmas spirit that Is
Ia the very air iu titles und villages
for more than week before Christmas
day itselfl And then dld you Just
settle back aud say to yourself. We'll.
It's no use
"As long as live on u farm Christ
mas must hc Just the same as Il al.
ways has been nn exchange OF gifts
and aftcrward ma unusually big din
nerT'
want 10 tell you that you are mis-
taken that you can have just those
very same things, even TO bringing In
the old time Yule log, n you are 70
fortunate us 10 have an open fireplace
In the farmhouse
City people pay from % cents TO 81
for a small house Christmas tree. and
every one who can AFFORD II buys
tree every year Tor his children How
often do farmers children have tFccsi
And why uot3 Because the parents
say. I'VE haven't gifts enough 90 make
pretty tree" Many people never
put a hfi on simply make Il tree Of
beauty Cor the children Strings Of
popcorn. wishhones and canes gilded.
gold smrs anything bright and shiny
hung on n tree delights n chIld-a bag
Of popcorn with few candies In II
tastes hve times NJ good n Il has only
once hung on tree Even II the gift
must be- underwear. shoes and things
actually needed % wear. have them
come as surprises and in rs Christ
masy" looking packages as possible
II IL well 20 keep the Christmas spirit
IN the home
II serms pity for ms country people,
surrounded hy these beautiful things
deemed luxuries by our city friends,
10 make mo- use whatever ~ them and
10 let our lives become SO common
place Christmas Is not solely day
Tor rlfi giving and receiving and eat.
Ing II Is n day for doing everything IN
YOUR power tu add 10 the Joy Of the
children day 10 remember the feeble
and lonely old people day 20 think
NJ the strangers aud the poor. II you
haven't money Ia spend FOR gifts for
them you cnn give some ~ yourself
and NJ your own home Christmas
cheer There ARE homes that Il Il an
inspiration 10 enter. because of the
Christmas spirit they breathe forth.
Trust the farm homes will not be lack
lng IN christmas beauty or Christmas
cheer that all ~ them wifi truly
keen Christmas Rertha q Mark
ham IN Country Gentleman
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
A DELICATE CHILD
Made Strong By Our Vinol

Fayetteville, N.C.-"My little dsugh.
ter was in poor health, delicate and
30 weak il made US very uneasy. i
heard about vinol and decided to try IL
and the results were marvellous, her
appetite improved, she gained in weight,
and is now one Of the healthiest children
in town. Mothers Of delicate children
should try vinol."-Mrs. GORDON JEssUP.
vinol Is q delicious cod liver and iron
tonic without oil. a constitutional rem
edy which creates an appetite, aids d.
gestion and makes pure healthy blood.
All children love TO take IL
Helm & Ellison Druggists.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
STRAY BULLET
BROKE WINDOW.

A stray bullet passed through
the window at l.. A. Brock s last
Monday at five o'clock. The ball
going in the door near where Mrs.
Brock was standing. 1t is thought
that boys were out hunting in the
hollow back of residence that fir
ed the shot. II was a mystery how
the ball missed Mrs. Brock as she
was standing directly between
door and window.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
THAT POUNDING.

| am not sore over it, at all.
Rather il is more like a down
right thorough treatment of a
skilled Osteopath. To be pound
ed with turkey, sausage and pre-
serves and eggs and butter, tow
els and countepanes and coal,
gets up a mighty good feeling.
And the social feature was simply
charming. Verify, the pastor and
his family are thoroughly per
suaded that they have fallen IN.
to good hands. Your unprece-
dented kindness appeals to the
very best that is in us.
Sincere thanks, a joyous Xmas
and a happy New Year to one
and all.-R. C. Douglas, pastor OF
First Methodist church, Hickman.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
MRS. HERTwECK DEAD.

Word was received today bv
Hickman relatives that Mrs.
Roy IIertweck died at her home
in Memphis at 6:l5 a. IN. Tuber-
culosis was the cause Of death, al
though Ms. llertweck was in per-
feet health up to six months ago.
The news of her death will come
rs a shock to her many Hickman
friends. Burial at Memphis to-
morrow Thursday.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
RIVER RISING RAPIDLY.
MAY REACH 40 FEET.

The river has been rising rapid
ly for the past few days as a
result of the heavy rains in the
vicinity of the upper rivers. The
Cairo guage records today about
80 feet and rising. Something like
40 feet may be expected ON the
present rise.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23

Old papers zoe a hundred
Courier office.
Stones Cold Tablets are guar
arteod by the Hickman Drug Co.
The l.cibovitz Live Store -
full OF helpful Xmas suggestions,
No other store like the lelbo-
vitz Live store for practical
gifts.
Coal OIL at the same old price
l0c.--Grssom 9 West Hickman
Store.
Frank Won Berries went 10
Memphis on a business trip first
OF the week.
Many useful and practical
Xmas suggestions IN The Lelbovii'
Live store windows.
II YOU are gong TO leave he
fore Xmas buy your Clothing out
6t of the laiboyitz Lave Store.
W. A. Gibson and wife, of Raw.
cnden Springs, Ark, will spend
the holidays with l.. b. Aber
nathy and wife.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
CHANGE IN LEE BOATS.

The Str. Ferd Herold is now
out of the st. Louis-Memphis
trade. leaving only the Stacker
Lee The Bob Ice, Jr., however,
will run between Memphis and
Cairo. in a measure taking the
place of the Ferd, and will con
tinue in this trade throughout
the winter.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
IgRE S A NEW SLOGAN.
HANDLING ONCE.

L. s,qul 20 safety first
\ .. slogan Handle once.
H. you ever stop to think OF
\ profits that could be made
i rough handling everything that
tS INTO business only oncci
liw many tunes during the
D. Hcr your position be
o. office boy. manager, shop
aa machine hand or super
! nl,u' do you find yourself
sal.us hlngs twice that could
! boon - vol or better hand
] ourei
Anything that saves times "A
|puu Maker.
Handling once Is certainly a
saver, and yet how few cm-
. s engaged today in any
j business try TO acquire this
t'al.e habit
DO reply 90 correspondence, for
r'-a,on. see 20 Il that every
stol asked IN the inquirer =
..- . l..y answered. Don {
a -ay The writing OF a
. possibly a uhind con-
ru ly not covering the
aup..'s.y in your hnt
b. landing once Pos
thus saved both ways,
mtg typewriters time, the
f'".., 'une and your own
@ s always room at the
! . Ur man who can be re
upon ,o more promptly de
- roods by handling them
.ua
.m|.nr once is a star accom-
..n 10 Is the masierkey
.s l, the locks of business
rrss, uu.
pass along the idea of
"..ns oncc' is 20 multiply IL
30 doing things quickly
urmwally.
waste basket is a valuable
y 10 the handling once OF
lungs. Many things find
way INTO desk drawers and
.- I.s that should 20 iii.
~ 'o the rag man. Red tape
system handled twicc-so dC
.i ont 81 much that II re
., rnNmding, but handle i
once.
'oN' Inquire out some day how
5 times you handled thing
beginning things and no
'Nnng them is in the double
w|..ug class. Learn how :,
hy saying it right the frs
0" by stating plainly in an I'm
N.mdabIc language what yol
ln' 20 say.
tack of thoroughness in no
"d.ng once is one of the uni
"lI faults Of all average en-
Dyes aud marks the differenc
nIur cases out of ten betweel
e .'e ones who are really dc
' things and the Others VIII
only half trying.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
CHRISTMAS SERVICE
Sunday Dec 10th. 1915. at Loo o'clock at the First
Methodist Church, Rev. R. c. Douglas. Pastor.
ORDER OF WORSHIP

Vocal Voluntary-I1al Emmanuel Choir
Hymn l5-Christmas Choir and Congregation
Prayer
Anthem-Clory to God in the Highest Caleb Shipper
Choir.
Responsive Readng-Psalm 49, Pastor and Congregation
Gloria Patri
Scripture Lesson-Luke 2620.
Violin Ofertory-Minuet in &c" Beethoven
Mr.. Fuqua, accompanied by Mira Batzer.
Hymn l20-The Angels Song, Choir and Congregation
Sermon Why The Good News Was First Announced to
Shepherds
Anhem-Chnstia Awaksl Bracket
Choir
Benedchon.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23

CHRISTMAS CRACKERS.

DO plants Tor making pretty gifts
EruW up 10 Chfittmhn tfe,sf
Ana are ''tha seasons greetings
sent BY salt sons ~ tHs Hsaaf
Are Yuio iosu cut from snow drift.
wood hy Yulrt.1e Washed ashofo' !
Ana would 700 stub a miatictoe
against g. f.uf door,
n Eve had tried from holly twigs = .
party govn Go weave
DO yuu fupIrse th1t Adam would
have csIioi bee Christmas Eyef
r. Nicholas in autosltisb denos 20 .
nce and Jaws
10 rsgulatioua 10 90 fpsei contain
Santa CLAUSE
-i.prueUits Magazine .
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23

The lcibovitz "Live Store"
/ FINISHES holiday boxes with
T'''A"ear, Hosiery, Gloves, etc.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23
whenever You Need a General Tonlc
lake Groves

me Old Standard Groves Tasteiess
.',l Ionic is equally valuable as
',usial Tonic because Il contains the
'.,I I 1nown tonic propertieso fQUINlNE
~. ~ tHoN. II acts ON the Liver, Drives
y. MALARIA, Enrichcs the blood and
Du''u' up the Whole System. 50 cents.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23


ID Il was in New York. or, a
" rather. New Amsterdam that ii
u santa Claus made hl. hrst "A
" American appearance Ia some 4;
" thing Ike the garb aud maj. n
" ncr now familiar To nll Of ~ u
N From the Netherlands the q
~ Knlckcrbockcrs brought with a
N them the Christmas ~ love a
~ and sympathy IN religion. OF II
N comradcshlp among neigh q
~ bors and Of fcstiyity In the n
" family
Y 49, - SSN
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23

Mrs. L. McMakin has returned
from Nashville.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1915-12-23

NJ When the dawn crecps up
u from the darkly slumbering
N ocean Christmas morn and
"A speeds brightly around the
w world. circllng It with gold
u en- elrdle ~ Hight, myriads Of
N bells In many lands awake
N and from stccplc to stceple
NJ ring out the glad ,idings that
"A the Messiah Is king
" Elolse Roorhack IN Crafts
81 man
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1915-06-08
ereosra aa Eiohtino Men.

In olden times in England the gro
GERS trade played useful part in ma
tional defense. The Grocers' company
was commanded in 1861 to furnish six
ty men for "the resistance of such in
iquitous attempts rs may be made by
foreign enemies" Further demands OF
the same kind were satisfied in sue
cessive years, and in 1888 the company
supplied 500 men to resist the Spanish
armada. Authority was granted to
press men into this service, and ap-
prentices and journeymen were called
upon to leave the counter for the bat
tlefeld. Sir John Philpot. an early
master Of the Grocers' company, clear
ed the North sea of horde of Scottish
pir.SStes by means of feet equipped
enrrely at his own cost. - London
Chronicle.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1915-06-08
On the Sea.

From all antiquity and in all ages
men have gone down to the sea in
ships and plowed the main. There Is a
fascination about the. ocean that never
grows old, and the terrors that encom-
pass the waste Of waters seem but to
add to it's attractions. Perhaps this
arises from the fact that the ocean
covers the only free land on the globe.
The sailor on his humble bark has an
equal right Of way with the mighty
steamship: he pays no rent and calls
no man master Once he touches land
he must bow to the law Of King This
or Queen That, but on the high seas ne
can roam without let or hindrance and
owes allegiance to no ruler but nature.
The sailor leads hard and perilous
life and has the single boon Of free
dom to compensate for risk and priva-
tion.-St. Louis Globe-Democrat
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1915-06-08
Nose Rin0s.

Hindu mar women wear nose
ring Of the value suitable to their posi-
ton. Sometimes it is simply wire OF
gold: sometimes it is set with valuable
and brilliant diamonds. OF whatever
description, the nose ring is most
hallowed thing. If you are not careful
how you speak with the lady about
it. or If you say, There is no necessity
for wearing such a useless thing" she
will understand by this that you wish
her husbands death.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1915-06-08

Of Newberry County, South Carolina,
petitioning and requesting that an
election be held in said School Dis
trict on the question of levying a spe-
city annual tax of two mills to be col
lected on the property located in the
said School District:
Now, therefore, the undersigned,
composing the County Board of Edu-
cation for Newberry County, South
Carolina, do hereby order the Board
of trustees of the Fork school district,
No. 80 to hold an election on the said
question of levying a TWO mill tax to
be collected on the property located in
said school district located in the
TIE said school district, WHICH said elec-
ton snail be held at Fork school house,
in said school district No. 55, at which
said election shall be held at Fork
school llouse, in said school distritc
No. 50, on Saturday, June 8, 1915, at
which said election the polls shall be
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1915-06-08
Neoetahle Ink.

There is in Colombia a curious
vegetable product known as the ink
plant Its juice, called chanchi, can
be used, it is said, without any previ-
GUS preparation. The letters traced
are Of a reddish brown color at first,
but turn a deep black in few hours.
This curious juice is less injurious to
steel pens than the commercial inks.
These qualities Of the plant seem to
have been discovered under the Span
ish administration. Some writings In
tended for the mother country were
wet through by sea water on the voy-
age. While the papers written with
common ink were almost iliegible,
those written with the vegetable ink
were quite uninjured. Orders were CIV
en- in consequence that this plant juice
be used for the inscribing Of all public
documents.-New York American.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1915-06-08
EARTHQUAKES.
How the Process Known to Biologists
as "Faulting" Generates.

as SSIiO' oISS'
It is a well known fact that the ma
jority Of the severest earthquakes are
produced by movements and readjust-
ments of the outer shell Of the earth.
The process. known to biologists as
faulting, is as follows:
Owing to various subterranean caUsas
the solid crust Of the earth is put un-
der stress. The stresses keep growing
greater until finally they reach the
breaking point Of the rocks. These
yield suddenly and move over another
along the line Of fracture until the
strain is relieved. This breaking of
the rocks sometimes along lines hum
dreds Of miles in length and the move
ment Of the broken parts over one an
other set up jars or vibrations which
travelling outward in all directions
through the rocks constitute an earth
quake.
The severity of the shock depends
upon the character and extent Of the
break, the amount Of movement and
the distance Of the point from the
place of origin of the disturbance.
Earthquakes also occur frequently In
connection with volcanic eruptions, but
these are likely to be more local in
character and, on the whole, less severe
than those due to faulting.-Review of
Reviews.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1915-06-08
GREAT FOUNTAIN GEYSER.
One Of the Many Wonders In the Vel
Iowstone National Park.

The Great Fountain geyser, in the
Yellowstone National park, lies mile
and a half southeast Of the Fountain
geyser. 1t is the chief wonder of the
lower basin and in some respects the
most remarkable geyser in the park.
It's formation is quite unlike that Of
any other.
At first sight the visitor is tempted
to believe that some one has here
placed a vast pedestal upon which to
erect monument. 1t is broad, cir
cular table about two feet high COM
posed Of hard, siliceous deposit In
it's surface are numerous pools, nodded
and ornamented in 4 manner quite un-
approachable, at least on so large a
scale, in any other part Of the park.
In the center of the pedestal. where
the monument ought to stand. is a
large irregular pool Of great depth, full
of hot water, forming to all appear
ances lovely, quiescent spring.
At times of eruption the contents Of
this spring are hurled bodily upward
to a height sometimes reaching 100
feet. The torrent Of water which fol-
lows the prodigous downpouring upon
the face Of the pedestal flows away in
all directions over the white geyserite
plain. No visitor to the Yellowstone
can afford to miss the Great Fountain
geyser. - THE Yellowstone National
Park" by Hiram Martin Chittenden,
Brigadier General United States Army,
Retired.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1915-06-08

opened at Z a. m. and closed at p.
N. The members of the board OF trus-
tees of said school district shall act as,
managers of said election. Only such
electors as reside in said sc.ool diS-
trict and return real or personal prop
erty for taxation, and WHO exhibit
their tax receipts and registration GER
tifcates as required in general elec-
tions, shall be allowed to vote. Elec-
tors favoring the levy of such tax shall
cast ballot containing the word Eyes"
written or printed thereon, ald such
elector opposed to such levy shall cast
ballot containing the word "No"
written or printed thereon.
Given under our hands and seal on
May Is, 1915.
GEO. D. BROWN,
S. J. DERRICK,
J. S. WHEELER,
County Board of Education
for Newberry County, S. c.