davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-28
The Tremendously Complicated Problems Of Practical Eugenics

sumo that the condition or observation-disclosures or
insanity found in given rorebear is tho all
sufficient or determining cause OF the feeble.
mindedness or insanity found In the tainted"
offspring
Unfortunately this assumption is usually
made by the average feld-worker without
further ado. The presence OF feebieminded-
ness in the direct or indirect ancestral lines
is regarded as the sufficient explanation OF
the observation-disclosures found in the descendants.
The fact Is. there is frequently plurality OF
responsible for any OF bioogic
variation. and no one but an experienced ex-
pert-and quite frequently not even the expert
will be able to determine individually which
is cause or which is accidental antecedent or
accompaniment. The apparent accuracy OF
many heredity charts is wholly deceptive and
misleading. In my own clinic am constantly
confronted with such cases as thiB-a feeble
minded child with diphtheria or typhoid at, say,
three, and with grandfather or uncle OF cousin
who was alleged to be "feebleminded," queer"
or peculiar" What Is the prime cause here?
How should such case be charted? AS In.
herited, or acquired feeblemindedness? There
unequivocal reply.
Let us disabuse ourselves OF the SNUG belief
that heredity diagnoses are easy that they
can be made by any one, or that We have
located the causative agent when We have put
q certain square or circle upon chart There
hundreds Of thousands OF mentally abnor-
NAL individuals in whom the causes lie con.
cealed In deepest obscurty.
AS matter Of fact there is no psychic
measuring rod in existence by which we
automatically or mechanically identify aocu-
rately high grade mental degenerates or de-
fectives, by which can unerringy dis.
unguish between high grade feebleminded and
-ackward cases. and by which de-
termne whether the abnormality in high grade
detectives Is or Is not antieugenic in character.
But it is precisely the eugenically unfit persons
who grade nearest the standard of mental
normality whom 1t is most necessary to
identify, because these individuals the
most numerous. they are the most prolific
breeders and constitute the grayest social and
moral offenders.
1t is quite easy to identify the lowest grades
OF detectives by existing methods, but they
usually sterile and hence set eugenic
problem. Not only so: 1t Is quite probable that
many normal persons are carriers OF trans
missible degenerate strains. but there is at
present no infallible method whether psyche
logical, hereditary. medical. By which these
individuals be identified.
Therefore while all believe In the domi-
nant force OF heredity and in the teachings OF
negative eugenics so far as concerns the pre-
vention of palpaby degenerate matings, the
ordinary field worker and the ordinary mental
tester are frequently utterly unable reliably to
diferent!ate between the eugenically fit and
unfit. Nor do know that there is any expert
mental or scientific warrant for the dictum that
weakness should marry strength"
In the first place. do not know that there
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-28

Is any authority who can make out an infalble
chart OF the eugencally weak or the eugenfcally
strong traits which exist in the parties OF a
given marriage union. whether normal or high
grade defective. In the second place. know
OF no one who can guarantee that when weak
ness marrfes strength the progeny will all be
normal or that the weak traits will not
eventually crop out recessives in later
generations
The cautions which have sounded against
slipshod hereditary and psychological diagnoses
may be reinforced by reference to recent
clinic case:
A young man OF Russian German descent,
twenty-one years one month old at the time OF
the examination in January. 1914, the fourth
OF six children, born in Pennsylvania, removed
to Germany at the age OF six, remained there
eleven years, returning to America four years
ago.
The history Of the indicates that he was
born on time, but the birth conditions were
difficult; that animation had to be established
by slapping; that the mother was very nervous;
that the child was very puny for some time
after birth: that he bottle-fed; that he
was unable for some time to assimilate va
rious artificial foods, but finally began to grow
rapidly condensed milk.
AT four he had whoopng cough, and hurt his
head severely by running against hinge on a
door. which rendered him unconscious for
while, but he apparently recovered. AT five he
fell into hmekiln, but only his hands were
slightly burned before he was rescued Some
what later, after his removal to Germany his
caretaker reported that he had had a strange
Bpell-crying out in his sleep, kicking, and
jumping out OF bed in a frenzy OF excitement,
although apparently unconscious throughout the
entire performance. Spells of crying and
kicking. without any attempt wander about
In the ROOM required several times during the
following two weeks
AS child and youth he was more or less
queer; he never took any interest in games
or sports, and never had any intimate boyhood
friendships. He had continuous record OF
outbursts, beating and Shaping his sisters en-
gaging in fights and brawls with comrades and
teachers, Of lying and stealing. and of Dragging
and boasting
His relations with his mother were almost
always strained. His school history Is one
record OF incompatibility and reimbursement.
While staying at home he was constantly
clashing with his mother. She punished him
severely the was beaten until black and bue')
tainted him for his failures. nagged at him and
forced him to apply himself to intellectual
pursuits. He was nervous and irritable that
he could not endure his sisters piano practice
and accordingly started to demolish the In
strument with hammer. He would waylay
the postman to see If any school circulars were
sent to his parents. He ran away. and when
the police were notified he tried to kill himself
by hanging by cord attached TO gas FIXTURE
He was sent TO an asylum for the insane, where
he remained for six weeks, and where he was
examined by three physicians, who pronounced
him mot demented" but deficient and in need
OF protective oversight. and who counselled him
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-03-28
By Prof. ]. E. Wallace Wallin,
Director Psycho.EducationaI Clinic Of the ST.
Louis Schools, In an Address.

Director Psycho.Educatlonal Clinic Of the St.
Louis Schools In an Address.
r. UGENrC or generative hygiene is pre-
,ventlve individual and race hygiene raised
- to the tenth power. No measures for in
dividual or collective betterment are more fun
damental than the hygiene OF generation To
be we'll born is the fundamental prerequisite
Of being well-bred. Generatiye hygiene con-
templates not only the regulation OF the
function of mating, but also the establishment
OF those conditions which will insure normal
healthy generative processes in the father and
mother.
Society should prevent degenerate or anti.
eugcnical matings 1t Is alleged that about 10
per cent OF the present generation produces so
per cent Of the next generation, and that this
producing minority represents the poorer,
lower or eugenically inferior elements OF the
population. Without conceding that this est-
mate is strictly correct it is within the bounds
OF truth to say that all enlightened students
OF race betterment agreed that paipable
degenerates should not be permitted TO marry.
But are not all agreed that the eugenically
UNIT can be diagnosed infallby. or even to a
measurably satisfactory extent So far as re-
lates to mental degenerates there are now in
general two methods OF study by which 1t
is hoped to make eugenic diagnosis-Hrst, the
hereditary study OF ancestral strains by the
methods OF heredity research; and secondly,
the psychological observation or testing or
study of the level OF Intelligence and OF mental
deviation.
The only essential preliminary to making re-
liable hereditary. no less than medical
psychological, diagnosis is prolonged training
In the scientific methods OF collecting, examn.
ing. analyzing and interpreting facts. Many
heredity charts are based on the sheerest guess
work, data gathered by persons unite lack.
Ing in scientific discrimination and quite I'm.
skilled in the art OF hereditary, psychological,
or medical diagnosis. 1t is one thing to send
out field workers, usually teachers, nurses and
social workers who are novices in the
methodology OF scientific research, to interview
parents relatives. friends, enemies. clergymen,
physicians and court officers with regard to the
mental condition OF the contemporary or an.
cestral relatives OF the cases under investiga-
ton; and then on the basis Of the field workers
reports. have someone else who has probably
never seen or examined single relative con-
btruct aweinspiring heredty charts, with q
multitude OF squares and circles, definitely and
most infinitely labeled and evauated.
But 1t is quite a different matter to assume
that because certain symbols have been
stamped piece OF CLOTH the correctness
OF the marking the accuracy of the hearsay
or snapshot destinations and diagnoses has
thereby been conclusively established. Once
the accuracy of the heredty diagnosis has been
established. 1t is quite different thing to as
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
F. '. CHENEY & CO. Tol,
Railroad Statistics.

In the yaar ending June 30, 1914, the railroads of the United States. operating 246, ,OOO miles of road, with GA ,43O locomotives, g. 3O4,26z freight cars and 52,Oo4 passenger cars, collected for their services $5.o4l, ,2e3,ooO. They carried 2ee,z46, ,452, ,ooo tons of freight one mile at an average rate of z28 mills a ton a mile, and 35.- 129. .269, 900 passengers one mile at an averaee rate of 1881 csnts The average length of each pas senger's trip was about 35 miles and the average haul of each tor of freight was almost 15O miles
 Nearly 56 per cent of total reve- hue comes from the hauling of the products of mines, nearly 25 per cent from passengers and only z.45 per cent from products of agriculture. More than AS per cent is paid out directly for labor, IA per cent for interest and only 4 cents out of every dollar goes to the stockholders and to surplus.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21

constantly expanding, and aside from it's use in the manufacture of cooking utenils, it is being en- ployed in the construction of auto- mobile castings and of welded tanks used by brewers, preserve manufacturers, fat renderers and for wire for power-transmission lines. Other uses which are i'm portant in their adaptability and ef- ficiency. but which absorbs only a small portion of the domestic prod uct, are the manufacture of pow dered metal used as paint pig ment and in making aluminium foil. Aluminium foil is gradually dis placing tin foil. which heretofore has been used for wrapping cheese, candies, tobacco, tea and other products.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
Canned 4,5OO Cans of Products.

As diversified farmer D. w.. Spencer, who lives just west of town, is entitled to the blue ribbon for this section from what we can hear.
 Besides planting part of s.land in cotton for a money crop and raising all the corn and other feed stuff necessary for his stock he ran truck wagon all summer sell ing at retail all the produce possi- ble and has canned 4,5OO cans of his surplus stock to sell during the winter. He has also raised a large crop of ribbon cane from which he will have number of gallons of syrup for sale during the winter.
 If all the farmers would follow his example and live strictly at home and can the surplus produce and fruit they raise times would be materially better in Union county.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
Increase at State University.

From reports that have been turned in to the president of the State University indicate that un- favorable financial conditions will have no appreciable effect upon the attendance at the University next year. On the other hand, from most places an increase is expect ed. Even from that section of the state which is devoted almost en- tirely to cotton raising, the attend ance will be good. One town of not over 1,5OO inhabitants located almost 800 miles distant from Fay etteville will next year send twelve students to the University.
 The total attendance at the Uni versity last year was 783. This number does not include summer school students, correspondence students, extension students or students attending courses for only a few days or weeks. If all these were included, the total attend ance for last year would be more than 2,5OO. The indications are  that the attendance on the regular nine months courses for next col lege year will reach 900.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
BITTER ROT IN ORCHARDS
To Be Controlled, Must Be Fought
 With Bordeaux Mixture,

Bitter rot this year is proving seri- ous in some orchards. It is the one disease of apples which must be fought hard from it's first appearance in the orchard if it is to be controlled at all Even if there is only tree or two showing the disease. steps should be taken at once to spray and to clean out the diseased fruit It may be worth while to strip the affected tress entirely and take the fruit to the evaporator rather than take any chance on leaving small infec. tion to later become rotten spot and help to spread the trouble.
 Bordeaux Mixture Spray.
 The spray mixture used for bitter rot is bordeaux mixture at a strength of 100000. Its application to the fruit and twigs and limbs of the trees simply prevents the spread of the disease by preventing the growth of germinating spores.
 Spraying will not pay where the bitter rot Is not first removed from the trees. and if there is so much rot in the orchard that it cannot be re- moved without taking all the fruit. that portion of the orchard would best be stripped-J. Lee Hewett, Plant Pathologist. Arkansas College of Agriculture. Fayetteville.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21

Tell us the news for the News
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
Young Lady Dead.

Miss Jewell. daughter of MT and Mrs. w. H. Walton, who reside north of Strong. died at z::5O o'clock last Saturday evening from congestion, aged about l8 years. The funeral was held at $50 o'clock Sunday afternoon from the Ebenezer Presyterian church, services being conducted by Rev. John Stanley Thomas ot Fl Dorado.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21

Uncle Sam has more than 36,- GOO employees in Washington to whom he pays average of $1, ,135 a wear, or a total of about $41, ,14O,- 900. The highest average sala- ries are paid to White House em- ployees who get $500 year, and the lowest is paid to employees in the state, war and navy building, averaging $56O a year.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
CANNING DEMONSTRATION.
Expert in Charge of Work Will be h huttig
 on friday, August 27.

Pearl Carmical, canning club agent for the United States De- partment of Agriculture in this state, will hold a canning demon stration at the home of c. R. Duncan just west of the new school grounds, on Friday after noon, August 2z, at 2 o'clock, to which every lady in Huttig and surrounding country is cordially in- vited.
 Each member of the canning club organized for this locality re- gently is requested to be present and bring tomatoes to can if possi- ble. If you have no tomatoes, bring some other vegetables or fruit.
 MT. Duncan has kindly consent ed to furnish his canning outfit for the demonstration and we trust every member of the canning club and as many of the ladies of the community as can will be in attend anee to encourage the club mem- bers as well as gain practical knowledge of how the work should be done. This is great work and is doing much toward helping Arkansas Feed Herself"
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
Methodist Church Services

The following services will be held at Union church Sunday: Sum- day school at 1000 a. m. Preach ing at a. m. and 7:5O D. m. by the pastor. Junior League at 500 p. m. Epworth League at $50 D.. m. A cordial invitation is extend ed to all to attend these services.
 Rev. s. K. BURNETT, Pastor.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
ARMY WORM MAY
 VISIT THIS STATE
Farmers Should Be Prepared to Meet Invasion by This Pest With Pois- oned Bait of Arsenate of Lead.

in 1912 with the grass worm will take warning in the fact that this insect is busy this year in Texas and is very likely to work It's way northward. The ravages of this insect are largely to be averted through intensive culti- vation and the use of arsenate of lead and poisoned bait.
 The full grown grass worm or fall army worm, as 1t is often called. is
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
Ths Meet = la1sssrs.
Monday, August Is, Battle

Monday. August Is, Battle oi Bennington, 1zZ7.
 Tuesday, August 1z, Charles X of France retires to England ] $50
 Wednesday. August 18, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visit France, 1855.
 Thursday, August 19, Revolu- tlonary tribunal set up in. Paris, 1zo2.
 Friday, August 20, McClelland assumes command of the army of t'le Potomac, 1861.
 Saturday, August 2l, Death of Queen Dowage ge-Christina of Spain, 1878.
 Sunday, August 22, Fire in San Francisco, loss $2,OOo,OoO, 1886.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21

Physicians who have been study ing alfalfa as a medicine report that it stimulates the bodily functions, cures mental depression. increases the appetite and causes an im- provement in weight. A tincture of the plant is used internally.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21

about one and half inches long. It is of a pale yellowish brown or black color, being mottled and streaked with yellow. On each side of the ab- domen there is broad waving band Of yellow, mottled more or less with reddish On it's head there is a yell low inverted "Y."
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
Notice to Farmers.

am having my gin put in first class shape by an experienced gin man, and will be in better shape to serve the people this season than last year l will gin the first bale free and pay 5000 premium.
 Z-24-1m. s. R. NEIL,
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
How's This ,

We offer One Hundred Dollars Re- ward for any case of Catarrh that cannot be cured by Halls Catarrh Cure.
 F. J. CHENEY & CO. Toledo. O. We. the undersigned. have known F. J. Cheney for the last 15 years. and believe him perfectly honorable in all business transactions and financially able to carry out any obligations made by his firm. NATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE,
 Toledo, O. Halls Catarrh Cure is taken internally acting directly upon the blood and mu- eous surfaces of the system. Testimonials sent free. Price D cents per bottle. Sold by all Druggists.
 Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21
Record Ere akine Production of Bauxlte and
 Aluminium.

The production of bauxite and the consumption of aluminium in the United States in 1914 were the largest ever recorded. The report prepared by w. c. Phalen, of the United States Geological Survey. shows an output of 2l9,- SIS long tons of bauxite, valued at $1 ,o69,194, in 1914, against 21o,24l long tons, valued .$9oz,- 6o8, in 1913. The States which produced bauxite in 1914 were Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia and Tennessee. Arkansas produced more than 80 per cent of the out put, owing to the extensive opera tions of the American Bauxite Go. in Saline county, and the output was larger in 1914 than in 1913.
 Bauxite is used in the produc- ton of metallic aluminium and the manufacture of aluminium salts, of bauxite bricks and of alundum. The use of bauxite in the .produc- tion of the metal aluminium is by far the most important one, and the the largest part of the bauxite pro- duced in Arkansas, as we'll as most of that imported, is used in the aluminium industry.
 Alundum, which is used exten- siyely as an abrasive, is made at Niagara Falls, N. Y., by fusing cal cined bauxite in an electric furn- ace. Alundum is especially effic- tent for the grinding of steel forg- ings and castings. Only the best grades of bauxite are used in the manufacture of such chemicals as alum, aluminium phosphate and aluminium salts. as freedom from oxide of iron is desirable for such purposes.
 Another use to which bauxite is adapted is in the manufacture of calcium illuminate, which gives quick set to plaster compositions.
 Aluminium is the most abundant of metals and ranks third among the clements which compose the crust of the earth, being exceeded only by oxygen and silicon. It is an important constituent of all common rocks except certain sed imentary rocks, as sandstone and limestone. It is never found na- tive, or in elementary form, but occurs as an oxide, hydrous oxide, fluoride, phosphate, sulphate sili- cate, or other compound. The on- ly source of the metal so far com mercially utilized is bauxite, an ore that contains so or 60 per cent of alumina (the common oxide, ) which corresponds to metallic content of 26.5 to 31.8 per cent of aluminium.
 The consumption of aluminium is
The Huttig news., 1915-08-21

about one and half inches long. It is of a pale yellowish brown or black color, being mottled and streaked with yellow. On each side of the ab- domen there is broad waving band Of yellow, mottled more or less with reddish. On it's head there is a yell low inverted "Y."
 Feeds on Corn and Sorghum.
 The grass worm is essentially a grass pest, feeding upon our various wild grasses and upon our tame grasses, including corn, sorghum, Johnson grass, Sudan grass, millets, ste. It is also very fond of alfalfa, and will feed upon cotton when grasses are. not readily available.
 Particular care must be taken to keep the late corn and cane well cul- tivated. It might be said in this con nection that many fields of corn were lost in 1912 on account of poor culti- vation. The worms will feed upon crab grass which is allowed to grow up in field, and will later turn their attention to the main crop. Aside from this. the importance of cultiva- tion will become apparent when it is known that the worms enter the ground for the purpose of transform ing to the pupa stage. By cultivat- ing. fifty to ninety per cent of the worms in the ground can be killed thus preventing a heavy emergence of moths which would otherwise deposit eggs for a larger generation
 Use Arsenate of Lead.
 Where the worms have made their appearance in corn field it is ad- yisable to dust with arsenate of lead at the rate of three to five pounds per acre, the latter being mixed first with two or three times it's weight of cheap flour. The material is applied in the same way that cotton is dusted for the army worm.
 Where corn is to be used as fodder, dusting with arsenate of lead would be attended with danger In such an event poison bait can be scattered broadcast on the ground where the worms are at work. This might be applied at the rate of seven pounds per acre.
 Poisoned Bait
 Poisoned bait can be made as fol. lows: Mix one hundred pounds oi wheat bran with two to three pounds of Paris green, and after the poisor has Eeen uniformly worked into tn, bran. work the matter into a fbic5 dough with three to four gallons of molasses, to which has prevously been 1 added the juice of six lemons or or anges. This material will then be ready to apply.
 Alfalfa fields which are infested should be immediately cut where this practice can be resorted to without injury to the plants. After the hay has been removed, one may apply poisoned bait, or else the worms may be killed by taking number of folds of chicken wire, weighting this down with a section harrow and dragging it over the infested field
 Where fields are threatened by mi grating worms they should be sur rounded by deep furrow. Worms which fall into this furrow can be killed by dragging a log back and forth as long as the migrating is talk ing place.-George J. Baker, Professor of Entomology, Arkansas College of Agriculture.