davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22
to be. Houston swallowed the bridr
during q meal. 1t took an X-ray b
locate them.
Boy Killed Playmate.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Served
PATTERSON, N. j., April %
Charged with the murder of an eight
year old playmate, Geo. Everitt, aged
9, ran his fingers through his tousled
hair today and explained: I'VE were
playing with the pistol and of It went
before I knew what had happened.
didn't mean to kill him."
Michael QUAINT, the son of silk
worker, was the victim. When The
boy fell, George put his lifeless body
In a wheelbarrow and started ID
wheel him to q hospital. He wa.
paroled in custody Of his father last
night.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

a FARMERS SPRING POEM.

A FARMERS SPRING POEM.
Spring is here.
All day long the robins sing in the
trees,
April showers greet US.
And the tinkIe of the raindrops
maketh music
Sweet as the laughter of children.
Beneath our feet is the grass of spring
Fresh and inviting.
Broad fields of wheat in living green
Delight the eye,
Giving promise of abundant harvest.
Today we plant the syringa bush;
Tomorrow beautiful maidens
Gather of its wealth of sweet smell
ing flowers.
Today we plant the currant bush;
Tomorrow the housewife maketb cur
rant jell.
Today we plant the pine tree;
Behold tomorrow the full grown saw
log.
Spring is here.
Have faith.
Do your part.
Be not dismayed.
Hold fast that which is good.
Joy oometh in the morning.
IS. G. Bassett in the Lincoln Journal.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22
PURCHASED BOAT;
CONTRACTS DISEASE
Fort Madison Stricken With Scarlet
Fever and Now other Members
Are Affected With Disease.

A chain Of unfortunate circum-
stances, with an odd beginning IL
shown in the case of the family or
Joshua Standard, BIB Shawnee street,
at Fort Madison. The family Is now
under quarantine. The husband and
wife and three children all being SUIT
ferers of a severe attack OF scarlet
! fever and the disease is the result Of
the purchase of house boat by Mr..
Standard from Burlington man.
The craft was brought to Fort Mad
iison. says the Gem City, and was i'm
mediately taken over by Standard, who
then took the boat to point on the
river south of the city on a fishing
excursion. While on the trip he
slept on the floor of the craft, ami
after being out about four days, he
was taken seriously Ill.
He returned to HIS home. A few
days later his wife was taken Ill. A
physician was called and pronounced
the disease In both cases, as scarlet
fever. The home was quarantined.
Then an examination into the disease
developed the fact that the former
owner of the boat and wife at Bu--
lington, were sufferers of the disease
before. they sold the craft. That the
disease was contracted in the boat is
certain as there has been no case OF
the disease here for some time,
Within the past few days three
children of the family have been
stricken with the disease. making a
total of five sufferers at the home.
There are six more children living in
the house, that are all susceptible and
will rrnhoh1t- ha
The three children are an infant boy,
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22
STEINMETZ TELLS HISTORY
OF ELECTRIC LAMPS
Ter electrician Explain. the Lighting

While tantalum Is a rare metal, 1t Is
not SO rare but that It can be found
in almost unlimited quantities; only
SO scattered and in such small per-
centages that 1t is most expensive to
separate. Tantalum does not stand
as high temperatures as osmium but
higher than carbon, and the tantalum
lamp gave two watts per candle.
Tungsten Better.
Tungsten is most difficult to get
perfectly pure and to handle In form.
so 1t took enormous work and re-
search to get the present tungsten fila
ment. But tungsten stands the high
est temperatures, higher than osmium,
and tungsten lamps therefore could
be run at eficiencies Of one to 1.2o
watts per candle.
Why Vacuum is Employed.
"All these lamps were run IN a
vacuum. With the carbon lamp the
reason was that the carbon would
burn up in the air and at the high tenn
peratures the f1laments would combine
even with nitrogen and hydrogen
gases. Furthermore, in vacuum, all
the electrical energy which is put IN q
tilament is radiated, while with the
filament in gas, a large part OF the
energy is wasted by heat convection
by being carried away by the gas
currents; SO that it takes much less
power to keep a filament at the same
tenn perature in a vacuum than 1t taxes
to keep it in a gas. That is, at the
same temperature of the filament the
vacuum lamp is much more en1cfene.
Therefore, in all the metal filameht
lamps, until recently, a vacuum has
been used also.
The Use Of Inert Gases.
However,, the boiling point OF a
metal and therefore also the evapora-
ton of metal at temperature oa-
low the boiling point depends on thu
gas pressure. The lower the pressure
the lower the boiling point. If, In.
stead of in a vacuum you run the fla
ment In gas you can run 1t much
hotter before you get the same evap-
grafton, that is, the same blackening.
Filling the bulb with a natural gas.
therefore. makes it possible TO raise
the temperature of flament and SO
get a higher radiation efficiency. But
at the same time you get an increased
loss by the heat carried away by the
gas current, and this again lowers thu
efficiency With small diameter fla
ments the loss of efficiency by heat
convection Is greater than the gain by
the higher temperature and gas-flling
therefore lowers the efficiency. With
large diameter filaments, however,
you lose less by heat convection than
you gain by running at higher temper
allure, and therefore In the larg ,r
units especially the high current
lamps, the gas-.-.led tungsten lamp is
much more efficient than the vacuum
lamp; this has made it possible in the
20-ampere Mazda lamps, to come to
deficiencies Of one-half watt per candle
and still higher efficiencies are with
in the range OF possibilities
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22
Miss Josephine Redding, a sa,

Miss Josephine Redding, a San
Francisco girl, and trained nurse in
the Red Cross service in the French
army, has been given the cross of
the Legion of Honor by the French
government. The honor, bestowed
for bravery on the battlefield, is said
TO have been recommended by Gen.
eral Joffre, cozamander1n-chief of
the French forces.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22
KEEPING THE CRY CLEAN.

/ ~
| Read and reflect upon the following
from the Studebaker magazine:
Your city Is advertising itself TWEEN
| ty-four hours day.
II your streets are clean and Well
kept, your roadways in good order,
the advertisement is good.
If your streets are dirty and your
roadways dusty and unkept the adver-
tisement is bad.
The business man seeking for a
manufacturing site-the investor
the trained mechanic-the families Of
wealth and refnement-are drawn to
the clean city.
An unclean city has little to con-
mend it.
First impressions are lasting.
Is your city good advertisement +?
Civic cleanliness divides itself rath.
er naturally into the following sub
divisions
The regular removal Of garbage and
ashes.
The sweeping or flushing of paved
streets.
The sprinkling or oiling of streets
and roads.
In large communicative removal
OF casual dirt, such as horse drop
pings, papers, ETC.. by street cleaners
To give your city the benefit Of
good adyertising-to attract the right
kind OF permanent residents--to fav-
orabiy impress the business man on
the lookout for manufacturing site
to include in your population fami-
lies of wealth and refinemnt; what
better advertising can you have, what
greater inducement can you offer
than cleanliness?
The stranger looking for place In
which to live and do business is your
customer and customers are some
times influenced by the smallest
things. If the stranger lands in your
town on pleasant day and likes
everything that he sees, he may not
come to live, but he will be booster
for your town forever and some of
his friends will come, and the ad
which your town was displaying on
that day will pay dividends.
But suppose the stranger arrives in
a critical mood and finds your streets
dirty and your death rate high; all Of
your good points will never convince
him that your town is a good place
for him to live. Your town will have,
unconsciously, made an enemy who
will talk and keep on talking of the
miserable day that he spent with you.
And the value Of cleanliness is just
as apparent in borough of five hum
dred population is it is in a city Of
100000. Civic cleanliness promotes
growth of population and prosperity
as we'll. 1t is good business The
out-at-the-elbows, garbage -pile-in-tte-
backyard, dusty-streeted community
frankly confesses its inability to COM
pet with the clean, well-ordered city
! or town that has sufficient civic pride
to keep itself clean.
| And keeping city or town clean
means much more than good bust
ness" It means contentment. good
| health and a lowered death rate. And
| it means appreciation of the efforts
OF the officials who direct their ener-
gies toward keeping the community
clean.
Modern scientists have shown that
| it IS impossible for disease to main
| tain foothold in community that
is kept clean. Clean up town and
keep it clean and disease carries
flies. mosquitoes, insects OF all kinds
disappear Their breeding places are
in filth. Remove the filth and the
causes for typhoid, malaria and other
infectious diseases are gone. Think
what American sanitation experts &C
complished in the Panama canal zone
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

exposition. The celebration, held In
connection with insurance week, was
expected to be one OF the big events
of the period given over to fraternal
and insurance organizations. big
parade in which uniformed ranks Of
various fraternal orders participated
was one Of the features.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

Enlargement of the capitol grounds
at Springfield and the erection of 4
new state building are provided for in
a bill Just introduced in both branches
of the general assembly. 1t is planned
to have the formal dedication of the
structure form one of the features OF
the Illinois centennial celebration III
1918
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

lions, daffodils and daisies, or long
strings from the rear, and it sure is
some outfit. We understand they
cost the same as hats of last season
and the season before, which were
easily seven times as large.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22
roday,a oddeet Story.

DENVER, Colo, April 22.-Nature
never intended a mans teeth to be in
his stomach. So Clint G. Houston,
labor leader-editor, had the gold
bridge and five attached teeth in his
stomach removed by delicate opcr-
alton and again wears them where
nature and the dentist intended them
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

DR.. Charles P. SteinmetZ, one Of the
highest sa1aried men in the world,
master electrician, consulting engineer
OF the General Electric company, ETC.,
recently gave a very interesting his
tory of the more recent developments
of the electric lamp.
Edison chose carbon for his MA
ments because of the high tempera-
ture that this material would stand,
explains DR.. Steinmetz, platinum and
other metals were less efficient. Otil-
ers were tried in the earlier days, but
were not a success because the MIA.
ments melted down. This was due to
Impurities in the metals, as chemistry
was not then able to produce metal
sufficiently pure to stand the hisn
temperatures demanded. Carbon does
net melt but evaporates at high tem-
pcratures. just as water does at ordin-
ely temperatures. Upon evaporation
1t deposits upon the glass and black
ems 1t.
Carbon Fllaments.
1T was found that the different
forms Of carbon showed different
evaporation so that the carbon de-
posted from gasolene vapor can be
run at higher temperatures than the
ordinary carbonized filament without
too rapid evaporation and blackening.
So by treating the hot fllament III
gasolene vapor. carbon was deposited
upon it permitting higher tempera-
lures and greatly improving the eff
ficiency; such treated filaments, there
fore, have been USED for many years.
Metallized Carbon.
"Then it was found at the research
laboratory in Schenectady that by
heating such treated flaments to en-.
ormously high temperatures in car
bon tube furnace, the carbon was
changed to another modification
metallic carbon that has the proper
ties Of a metal, and this is still NOR :
stable and permits still higher tenn
peratures and efficiencies-this is the
metallized filament.
Metal FIIaments.
"All metals, even tungsten, melt at
/ lower temperature than carbon. But
the evaporation of carbon, even OF
the metallic carbon, is much higher at
the same high temperature than tn at
of some metals like tungsten, tant-
alum, and osmium. That is, with these
metals, although they melt below car
bon, you can go so much nearer to
their melting point without getting
serious evaporation that you can run
them at higher temperatures than the
carbon filament and so get higher eff
fciency.
Osmum insufficient.
"Osmium was introduced first and
gave LIS watts per candle against 25
for the metallized carbon. But
osmium is such a rare metal that all
the osmium ever found on earth would
hardly be enough to supply the de.
mand of incandescent lamps for more
than few weeks, SO osmium was AK
Guided from general use.
Tantalum Tried,
Then tantalum was introduced.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22
Roy Is years onld, and an eight year
III oI,yI
Danube 10 Rising.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.]
BUCHAREST, April 22.-The DAN
ube Is rising at an alarming rate In
the department Of Fobraila and Tul-
cea. Entire villages have been sub
merged and 1t Il feared there has been
loss of life.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

Plants are forced by Danish sci.
enlist by administering chloroform,
his theory being that brief periods OF
rest are followed by quicker growth
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

King Albert of Belgium in his sal.
ad days, just for lark, tried to get
a job in New York as reporter. He
was unanimously rejected. Now his
COPY is welcome at any price.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

More than 120,oOO,Oo0 board feet Of
timber was given away by the govern.
ment last year to settlers and miners
living in or near the national forests.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

and see it glide uncontrolled, in silent
majesty from mystery into mystery
as your own life is a CLEAN between
two eternities.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

Cleveland has just paid $4,000 for
20-acre site for municipal sewage
disposal plant.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

FraternaI Day at Exposition.
SAN FRANCISCO, April 22-This
Ia Fraternal day at the Panama-Paciflc
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22
LlIeAI EoR TODAY.

THOUGHT FOR TODAY.
knowledge is, indeed that which.
next to virtue, truly and essentially
raises one man above another.-Addl-
son.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-04-22

Tantalum Tried,
Then tantalum was introduced
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07
SUGAR MAR Of WORLD CHANGED

capita. In 1850. the per capita con-
sumption had gone up TO 40 pounds.
twenty-five years ago il had risen to
81 pounds. In 1900. il had climbed stiu
higher TO So pounds. BY 1910 the mer-
curry in the sugar consumption Their
mOmeter reached so. Today the per
capita consumption is upwards of 50
pounds.
Beet Sugar Heaviest Loser.
1T appears that the cane sugar in
dustry will suffer very little in the
matter Of the total crop yield as a re-
suit of the war. On the other hand, the
beet sugar business viii suffer very
heavily. The present Russian crop has
been almost entirely tied up by ina
bility to get exports out OF the coun-
try. while next years crop is threat
eued with a shortage resulting from
the destruction Of the industry in PO-
land, where so much Of Russia's sugar
is produced
The reports from France indicate
thar the rich sugar beet lands Of the
northern section were harvested last
season under the direction Of the Ger
mans. and that most Of the sugar fac
tories in this territory have been dis
mantled to secure their copper for the
manufacture Of war munitions.
Information from Germany indicates
that the empire viii plant only three
fourths of its normal area in sugar
beets this year. This would result in
cutting down Germany's sugar yield
by more than $4,000 tons"
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07
European War Puts Great
Beet Sugar Territory Out
of Available Area.

Washington, D. c., April THE ef-
feet Of the present war in Europe on
the geography OF the worlds sugar
production is strikingly shown in a
statement just issued by the National
Geographic society. This statement is
as follows:
-Fifty-three out Of every 100 pounds
OF sugar produced in the world is
grown in the countries now at war and
their colonies. The total production
of the world is estimated at approxi-
mately $4,000. 600 tons. This production
is made up OF cane sugar and beet su-
gar, the total yield OF cane sugar hay
ing been 9,545.0O0 tons and Of beet
sugar. SASS. 900 tons in 1913.
"One Of the peculiar facts connected
with the sugar map Of the world is that
while Europe produces more than 90
out Of every 100 pounds Of beet sugar
grown ii yields only one pound Of ev-
cry 500 OF cane sugar. OF EurOpe's to-
tai production Of beet sugar. amount
ing TO 7.S0S. 600 tons, 1866 600 tons grew
in belligerent territory in 1918 Nearly
all Of this product is now entirely isO-
lated from the outside world. being
grown mainly in Germany, Austria
Hungary and Russia What this means
20 the world is revealed by the fact
that more than two-thirds Of the
worlds sugar is not consumed in the
country Of its origin, this condition
arising from the fact that the great
sugar using nations are principally
outside of the belts of sugar prOduc-
ton.
VIII Affect L. s. Aeutely.
ANY scarcity Of sugar, growing out
Of the war. will affect the United States
more seriously than any other country,
for the reason that American people
are per capita the heaviest users OF
sugar in the world With one-siXteenth
Of the worlds population, the United
States consumes more than one-f1th
Of its sugar How rapidly this country
is becoming a nation Of sugar-eaters is
revealed BY a reference to the tables Of
sugar consumption Of the past half
century. Fifty years ago the people
Of the United States ate IS pounds Of
sugar per capita Five years later, in
1870, they were using 50 pounds per
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07

near Lupkow pass, where the Aus
TRANS report the taking Of several
Russian positions, with the capture OF
1000 prisoners.
A conservative Interpretation Of
both the Russian and the austrian re-
ports leads to the belief that the 1.us-
sian offensive at Lupkow has been
checked while they have forced their
way through the Rostok pass, captur-
ing two villages on the southern side
of the range.
French Continue the Offensive.
In the western arena of the war the
French continue their offensive move
ment between the Meuse and the Lor-
raine frontier. Their reported gains
in the ALLY forest indicate the pos
sibility of a new danger for the Ger
mans holding st. Mihiel, while the adj
vance 10 the east of Verdun is re-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07

garded i'm London as threatening St
Mihiel from the north Berlin reports
heavy fighting in this region without
results for the French
Germans Cross Hsers DtslOdged-
The French war office at Paris this
afternoon gave out report on the
progress of hostilities. which says
a German detachment with three
machine guns succeeded Tuesday in
crossing to the left bank Of the User
south Of Drei Grachten. II was at
tackled and dislOdged by Belgian
fcrces.
"An attack made by us in the yicin-
ity Of Etain rendered us masters Of
hills No 219 and 10. 221. in addition
to the Haut Bots and the Hopital
farms
Germans Abandon Village.
The German general headquarters al
Berlin today gave out an official state
ment regarding military operations
which says
I'm the western tneater of the war
The village Of rel Grachteu. which
was occupied by our troops the day
before yesterday and which the enemy
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07

has bombarded with his heavies ar
tiuery and mine thrOwers, was FOR
this reason again abandoned by US
Tuesday night.
IAN attack in the Argonne broke
down under the fire Of our chasseurs-
Northeast Of Nerduu a French ad-
vance approached only as far as our
outer positions.
ITO the east and southeast Of Yer
dun a series Of ats made by the
enemy failed with extraordinarily
heavy losses
Two BattnliOns Destroyed
"In the Combres hills two French
battaIions were destroyed by our fire
AT ALLY our troops commenced
counter attack and threw the enemy
back into his old position
AT Apremont the enemy had no
successes.
Russian Battalion Slaughtered
'In the eastern theater- During an
advance on russian territory IN the
direction Of Andreiew. so lilometers
southeast Of 1IemeL our cavalry an
initiated a Russian battalion The
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07
Both Russians and Austrians
Concentrate Forces in
Carpathians.

London. Ems, April Russians are
bringing up heavy reinforcements to
push their attack in the Carpathlan
mountains. the success Of watch IS
expected only through weight Of num-
beers. On the other hand, the Austrian
and German commanders also are
making strenuous efforts to strength
Ell their forces.
Petrograd reports that the section
near the UZsOk pass. where Vienna ad-
mits retirements, a-tends to a dis
lance of Is miles. To offset this. Vienna
claims a counter offensive movement
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07
APPOINTS BUSINESS MAN To
PRODICE BRITISH MUNITIONS

London. Eng, April Lord Kitch-
ener has appointed George McAuley
Booth to take charge of the manufac-
ture of munitions Of war for the Brit
ish government He viii be aided by
committee. Mr.. Booth is a director in
several shipping companies The gov
eminent has been experiencing much
trouble with firms and employees en-
gagged in the manufacture Of munitions.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07
TURKISH SHELLS DAMAGE
TWO HOSTILE WARsHIPs

Constantinople. Turkey. April 10y
wireless to Berlin. Germany. and Lon
don. Eng.)-Au official statement issued
today by the Turkish war office says:
No serious attack was made Tues
day by the enemy on the Dardanelles.
The day before two hostile cruisers
bonn barded our batteries at the entrance
to the straits. but without result One
of the enemy's cruisers and one torpedo
boat were struck by our shells
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07
GERMAN PRISONERS NEARLY
TUNNEL WAY TO FREEDOM

London. Eng, April by digging a
tunnel 80 feet long. 100 German Of
from the prison at Philbird, near
AIafdenhead before the plot was discov-
cred by the British military authorities
Within another q hours. IL is estimated,
the tunnel would have been completed
The excavating had been done at night
with the air Of fire shOvels.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07
RUSSIA PLANS TO Run
TRAINS THROUGH BULGARIA

Sofia. Bulgaria. April Two Rus
sian delegates arrived here today to
conclude arrangements with Bulgarian
railroads for the establishment OF direct
communication between Russia and Sa-
loniIci. Greece
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1915-04-07
sden Ambassador Statesmen Coffee At Herald Cooking School

commando, five officers and $50 men
were taken prisoners, while lO2 were
killed and $50 seriously injured"