The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1915-04-09

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craft, save that there is an absence Of smoke
stacks The designer has adopted form OF
superstructure which, when closed at the
surface, lnsures a measure of reserve buoy
ancy amounting TO quite 80 per cent of the
surface displacement; being, in fact, a great
deal more than that of the bulk of ocean
going commercial ships. And yet he makes it
possible TO flood this buoyancy space quick
ly by opening a number of vents and ports,
controlled from within the submarine, while
otherwise facilitating the taking in of water
in the remaining ballast tanks inside the
main hull itself. Accordingly, the laurent
type is exceptionally seaworthy and speedy
in light trim, and can be got under water
from that surface state in a remarkably brief
period This achievement goes n long way
toward making the submarine drcadnought
possible, because the bigger the submersible
the more water ballast must be handled in a
short time.
Under water the vast majority of present
submcrslbles are propelled electrically; the
motors drawing their energy from storage
batteries The storage battery for n subma
rne boat is probably the most eXravagant
source of power, and pound for pound il rs
not nearly so efficient a the explosive en-.
CINE used for surface travel The Edison
battery promises 10 help out in this partcu
lar The biggest boats under construction
abroad can now travel submerged AT the rate
of between 10 and II knots for about three
hours, and at five-knot speed can run mn
der water for l25 miles.
One of the greatest mechanical improve
ments in the art of submarine navigation has
been the substitution of the heavy oil engine
for the gasoline motor which was universally
employed until the last few years. Gasoline
rs q fuel proved extremely dangerous because
Of the violently explosive nature OF its heavy
fumes and their nsidious poisoning or as
phyXiating properties. With the develop
mcnt Of suitable marine motor for under
water craft there has come q gain In the Ill
reclion of safety and feasibility, because tine
more modern engines can be- reversed and tIo
heavy oil does not produce the same cNplo.
slvc gases.
Some idea of the great mobility of fine lut
ost seagoiug submersbIp. can hr gathered
from the fact that they carry enough liquid
fuel 70 make il possible for them TO cover
more than 1000 miles at q cruising pocd U.
10 knots an hour ON the surface. I'M other
words where the original submarine wa,
purely a harbor defense craft o. limited m.
dus OF action the present day submarine pau
take TO the high sea and travel along with
the battle squadron, of drrudu0ughts There
fore the enemy instead Of being safe from
under water attack when only a few mile off
a foes coust must now reckon with % sub.
mersiblc even iu mldoccan.
Commander Stirling declared thal the ua
val war college craft, iho ASm OF 1000 tom.
displacement, was auuored Now -uhmgiu.
boats TODAY generally are mot % protected.
although some Of those now building or Just
finished are said 10 bc shielded. Tho bulk
OF the existing under-ca craft count upon
sinking below the wave, and letting inc -u.
perposed water guard them.
II is clearly evident from thI, expert %, dis.
closure. as well as from the known trend iu
the art. that the submarine vessel of tine iu.
'ure will have defensive steel plating upon
the exposed parts of her upper hull and iHu,
when partly ont of the water viii Doe able fu
face a foes fire aud run at high speed when
advancing TO torpedo range. As II D., today
the submarine must sink below the surface
10 escape we'll nigh certain humiliation from
the hail Of shell, that can Doe brought 10 bear
upon her from the rapid fire guns of % sur.
face vessel. The moment she goes under the
water her speed drops 90 q marked degree.
for then her storage batteries must supply
the motive energy and the power available
is considerably less than that oyerted hy the
oil engines
This state of affairs bring, MS lace to face
with another problem Of the art. The aim
of the engineer Is 10 develop a single or uui.
versal type Of motor for under.ea craft That
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