The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-04-23
APPLE DISEASES
AND APPLE BUGS
State Board OF Entomology Tells How
To Kill Insects And Cure Trees
And Fruit

AtAduAdS ND OptSidl. - mere are
seven principal insects and five i'm
portant diseases which attack apples
in Georgia, but with proper and time
ly attention they may be economical
ly controlled and perfect fruit pro-
duced at substantial profit
The attacking insects, named in the
order Of their importance and destruc-
tiveness, are the coddling moth, plum
curculio, San Jose scale, woody aphis,
green apple leaf aphis, the roundhead-
ed apple tree borer and the fiatheaded
borer. The diseases, similarly named,
are bitter rot, apple scab, cedar rust,
apple leaf spot and apple crown-gall
The State Board of Entomology says
the season for treatment against
some of these insects and diseases, is
at hand. The work should be care
fully done, as we'll as done at the
proper time.
Moth And curcuIo
The coddling moth or apple worm,
perhaps the most dangerous of all in
sects to Georgias apple crop, is the
moth whose grub comes to maturity
inside the apple, leaving a tunnel of
blackened and bitter walls familiar
alike to grower and consumer To
control the coddling moth, proceed
as follows: Immediately following the
shedding of the bloom, the young ap-
pie is in condition for the first spray
ing with solution of pounds of ar
senate of lead, pounds of lime, to
so gallons of water. The time of this
spraying is all-important, as the solu-
ton, under high pressure, should be
forced into every calyx cup on the tree.
This kills the worm, as it seeks to
enter the young apple. The second
spraying, to catch belated blooms be-
fore the calyces close, should take
place week or ten days later. This
spraying, where apple diseases are
prevalent, should be Incorporated with
a fungicide, the best results, perhaps,
being obtained from a solution Of
l IL pounds of arsenate of lead, / IL
gallons lime-sulphur and SO gallons of
water. The third spraying should fol-
low six weeks after the first and con-
sist of l IL pounds of lead to so gal
Ions of the Bordeaux mixture.
The plum curculio, the next most de-
structive insect, is common enemy of
nearly all commercial fruits. The eggs
are laid under the skin of the young
apple, producing defective and blem-
ished fruit The same treatment, es-
pecially the first and second sprayings.
as is recommended for coddling moth,
will get rid of the curculio.
Other Apple Insects
The San Jose scale is almost as
great an enemy of the apple as of the
peach. Chief treatment for this in
sect, however, is applied in the fall
and winter, any time after the foliage
is off, until just before the blooms ap-
pear in the spring. This insect is con-
trolled by spraying with the home
made lime sulphur solution.
The apple woolly aphis which at
tacks the limbs, trunk and roots of
the apple tree, is best controlled bT
ten per cent kerosene emulsion. Ut
most precaution must be taken thor
oughly to emulsify the kerosene so as
not TO injure the tree. This emulsion
should be applied by spray, ONLY IN
THE GROWING SEASON.
The green apple leaf aphis, especial
ly injurious to nursery stock and
young trees, sucking out the juices,
may be destroyed by thorough spray,
ings with limesulphur solution in the
late winter or early spring
The apple tree borer, both round
headed and f1atheaded, Injuries the
tree by boring into it. 1t may be re,
moved by a knife or killed by prod.
ding in its hole with a sharp wire.
Where numerous the best plan, per.
haps, is to inject carbon bisulphide
and stop up the hole with wax The
gas kills the insect
Apple Tree Diseases
Bitter rot, fungus disease, is the
most dangerous of all apple diseases
in Georgia. It is not caused by wet
weather, but dampness is favorable to
it. 1t usually appears early in July
and on through the summer. Early
summer sprayings with lime-sulphur
solution up to June 1880, and later
sprayings with Bordeaux mixture. have
been found most effective in eliminat-
ing it.
Next comes apple scab, which may
affect more than half the fruit of an
orchard, where not controlled. Scab
is fungus which grows in summer
upon fruit, leaves and twigs, causing
Nolive-brown discoloration. 1t yields
readily to lime-sulphur spraying at 2
gallons to fifty, just before the cluster
buds open, and second lighter spray
ing within two to three weeks.
Cedar rust, communicated only from
cedar trees, is most effectively cured
by removing all cedar trees and
shrubs. Lime-sulphur sprayings have
proven beneficial, but far from per.
feet.