davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

shining. l do not drop plants along
the rows or marks as some do, but
keep in pan or basket, moving this
with the left hand, holding paddle in
right, making hole by inserting it
and pressing sidewise to make large
clean opening, then with left hand
take plant from receptacle, spreading
the roots between thumb and fingers
and placing in hole at proper depth,
again insert the paddle close to former
opening and press toward plant. Fill
up any opening that may be left and
firm the dirt well with the foot. Care
should be taken in setting the plants,
for if they are not set too deep and
the crowns become covered it will al
most invariably kill them; if set too
shallow it let's the air get to the roots
which causes them to dry out and this
very often causes the plant to die.
If ground should happen to be dry
the task of setting is somewhat more
difficult than if wet. l always scrape
back the dry dirt on the surface so
when making the hole it does not rat
tie in, coming in contact with roots of
newly set plants, for the plant will
need all the moisture obtainable to
start an early growth.
The strawberry plant can be set at
almost any time of our growing sea-
son if there is plenty of moisture, but
to get good growth it is necessary
to set them early. About May 1 in
this locality seems to be about right;
although | have had good results set
as late as June 1. This, of course,
depends on the season.
am not in favor of setting plants
in the fall. The few berries secured
the following season will not begin to
offset the extra work required on
them. 1t will be necessary to wait
until the second season to get crop
of berries, and this can be done by
setting in the spring, with less work.
All blossoms should be picked on
newly set beds, for it weakens the
vitality of the plant to bear so young
1t retards the growth and makes a big
difference in the quantity and quality
of the next years crop of berries.
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

What kind of. trees shall we plant
to beautify. our grounds?
What shrubs would be suited to our
school yards?
These are questions which are fire.
quently asked the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. Soil and
climatic conditions differ so greatly
in the different sections of the United
States that in answering. such ques-
tions special consideration has to be
given each section. The department
specialists have prepared special
list of trees and shrubs suited for
general use on private grounds,
streets, private parks and school
yards for Michigan.
This list is merely suggestive, but
include such trees and shrubs as seem
well adapted to Michigan and is offer
ed as assistance to those who are in
terested in the Identification of their
homes and country Here is list:
.Deciduous Trees. Sugar maple,
Norway maple, silver maple, green
ash, white ash, American white elm,
red oak, white oak, pin oak, American
linden.
Evergreen Trees. Norway spruce,
white spruce, Colorado blue spruce,
white pine, Scotch pine, balsam fir.
Shrubs. Lilac, golden bell, exo-
chorda, SNOWFALL, mock orange, ny
drangea, Japan ounce, Towering cur
rant, calycanShus, cornus, deutzia,
spiraea, weigela.
Some Planting Suggestions.
The beauty of a shade tree depends
upon its normal and symmetrical
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17
TREES AND SHRUBS FOR PRIVATE GROUNDS AND SCHOOL
YARDS
Are Recommended for Different
Sections Vt United States.

growth. In order to insure this, be-
fore planting cut off the ends of all
broken or mutilated roots; remove all
side branches save upon evergreens,
so that straight whip-like stalk
alone remains. Dig holes at least two
feet in diameter and one foot deep in
good soil, and make them four feet
across in poor soil. The sides of holes
should be perpendicular and the bot
tom fiat. Break up soil in the bottom
of the hole to the depth of the length
of spade blade. Place two or three
inches of fine top soil, free from sods
or other decomposing organic matter,
in the bottom of the hole. On top of
this place the roots of the tree, spread
them as evenly as possible over the
bottom of the hole, and cover with two
or three inches of fine top soil as
before. Tramp firmly with the feet
and fill the hole with good earth,
leaving the surface loose and little
higher than the surface of the sur
rounding soil. When the work of
planting is completed, the tree should
stand about two inches deeper than it
stood in the nursery.
In order TO insure symmetry Of
growth, trees must be allowed unre-
stricted area for development. At
least 40 feet should be allowed be-
tween trees intended to occupy the
ground permanently. Quick-growing
temporary trees may be planted be-
tween the long-lived ones to produce
immediate results, but these should
be removed as soon as they interfere
with the development of the perma-
nent plantation.
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

In Germany there is small green
frog that is caught and placed in lit
tie glass jars much as gold fish are
placed in aquariums in this country.
These jars with the frog in it contain
a little ladder on which ne sits when
the weather is to be stormy and rainy.
If the weather is to be fair, this
little green. German frog climbs down
into the water, staying at the bottom
of the jar until another storm is due.
April 18th to May LIST.
AS the week opens temperature will
be rapidly rising in the eastern states,
with warm weather and threatening
conditions in Lake region and Ohio
valley. The barometer is expected to
be very low over the eastern slope of
the Rocky Mountains, with heavy
rains in Montana, Wyoming, both Da-
kotas, Nebraska, Colorado and Kan
sas. AS this storm area moves east
ward into the Mississippi valley, the
high winds will bring dangerous gales
to the Great Lakes and shipping craft
will be in peril. Rains will be heavy
to excessive in Iowa, Illinois and from
the Ohio river south through Ken
lucky, Tennessee and the southern
Gulf states. Tornado winds are also
possible in Iowa, Illinois, Missouri
and Kansas. Electrical storms will
also prove severe in many sections of
the country during this storm period.
Shelter should never be taken under
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

A report prepared by the office Of
markets in the United States depart
ment of agriculture makes the sur
prising statement that more than
81 ,000,0OO,O00 worth of agricultural
products is sold annually by cooper
alive and farmers marketing associa-
tions in the United States. There are
more than $500 market associations,
2,700 cooperative and farmers ele-
vators, $500 cooperative and farm
ers' creameries and more than 1000
cooperative fruit and produce asso-
Citations.
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17
Protecting The Orchard
BY w. ID. Neale, Manistee.

should enclose all the trees at all
times.
The young orchard, especially, needs
protection from the rabbits in the
winter. Even trees three or four
years old are sometimes damaged by
rabbits when they are numerous and
there is lots of snow on the ground
in winter, There are a number Of
methods used in protecting trees from
the rabbits. Screen wire when wrap
ped loosely about the trunk of the
tree will prevent the rabbit from get
ting his teeth in the bark. Stalks of
fodder when tied about the base of
tree are also good. Some wrap the
trees with strips of white cotton cloth
to prevent trouble. have found that
wood veneering wrapped about the
tree is good protector. have read
that beef liver rubbed on the tree will,
prevent rabbits from barking it. The
owner is wise who uses the safest
methods.
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

The man who expects to gather any
fruit must protect his orchard as far
as possible from the ravages of in
sects and animals. All dead grass,
weeds and piles of brush where in
sects are apt to harbor should be
hauled out and burned. In other words
the ground beneath the trees should
be kept as clean as possible. This will
help to rid the orchard of insect pests.
Of course in season the spraying
should be attended to carefully. With
out spraying man may harvest a
good deal of fruit, but it will be very
defective.
The orchard should always be pro-
tected from the ravages of all farm
animals. The hogs will root around
the trees, cattle will break the limbs
and horses will bite and bark them.
SO the orchard is no place for the
farm animal. A good hog-tight fence
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

tween each rod and the side of the
form. The box is then filled to with
in / inch from the top and two more
reinforcing rods are placed on the
concrete. The form is then filled to
top and the concrete struck off. The
rods may go straight from the bottom
to the top of the post, as it will not
be necessary to curve them outward
at the bracket.
The form or mold may. be made
with one or more braces nailed across
the upper or open side to prevent the
sides from spreading when the con-
crete is tamped. The bracket effect
at the top is obtained by inserting ex-
ira pieces of wood at the corners, as
shown. If preferable a post in the
shape of a letter T may be made,
eliminating the bracket feature. A
perfectly plain post without project
ing top would also answer the pur-
pose.
To provide for fastening the mail
box to the post, bore two or perhaps
four holes through the board at the
top of the form. Insert in these holes
the bolts with the heads down, or in
side the form. The bolts will be i'm
bedded in the concrete when it is
placed and when the form is removed
the threaded ends of the bolts will
project slightly above the top of the
post. Holes cut in corresponding po-
sition in the bottom of the mail box
will permit the bolts to pass through
and the box will be secure when nuts
are placed on the bolts.
Mix the concrete in the proportion
of l part Portland cement, parts
sharp, clean sand and parts crushed
stone, ranging from " inch to 1 inch
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17
School Savings Bank

A million and a quarter dollars is
on deposit in school savings banks in
the United States, according to bull
letin just issued by the Bureau of
Education. This money is distributed
among 217,OOO pupils, who thereby
learn lessons of thrift for use in later
life.
Belgium has the honor of original
ing the school savings bank system,
according to the bulletin. Prof. Lau-
rent, of Client, Belgium, in 1873, be-
gan the work among school children
"for amelioration of poverty and the
Improvement of individual and ma
tional life" His work soon attracted
the attention of the leaders of educa-
ton in other countries.
A native of Belgium, John Henry
Thirty, put the school savings banks
on a permanent footing in the United
States. Mr.. Thirty established banks
in Long Island City, N. Y, and the
New York schools, under Supt. Max
well, have been among the most sue
cessful advocates of the system. Mr..
Thiry's efforts in behalf of school
savings banks have been continued
since his death, in 1911, by Mrs. Sara
Louise oberholtzer, of Philadelphia,
who has aided in the compilation of
the Bureaus bulletin on the subject.
Several methods in vogue for col
Letting and banking the savings Of
the children are described. Usually
the cooperation of well established
savings bank in the school community
is first secured. Forms and blanks are
provided by the banks. When the
amount reaches one dollar, the child
is given a bank book and becomes
through the school, a regular patron
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17
Concrete Post For Tail Boxes

The accompanying picture illus
trates a novel but thoroughly practi-
cal use of concrete. It is post sup
porting a mail box on rural free de-
livery route near Dallas, Texas. The
concrete features consist of the post
or support for the box. Wooden posts
are always subject to rapid decay at
the ground level, where alternate wet
ting and drying takes place, and to
avoid the necessity of renewals and
repairs the concrete post was made.
1t is quite ornamental in design, and
at once conveys the impression that
the owner takes pride in the appear
ance of his premises.
A more simple post, one easier to
make, would effect the same economy.
The form for casting a post of this
kind is shown below. The post should
be about z feet long. Planted at a
depth of feet this would leave the
box at convenient height for the de-
livery or extraction Of mail. The
form, as shown on the drawing, is
simply three-sided box providing for
post 6 inches square. The form is
placed on the ground in horizontal po-
sition, with open side up, and filed
with well-tamped concrete to the
depth of about / inch. Then %-inch
reinforcing rods are placed at either
side, leaving about 1 inch space be-
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

of the bank. When the deposit
reaches SO or So Gas the banks elect)
it draws interest at 3 or more per
cent.
Among the cities where the school
savings banks have done notable work
are Pittsburg, Pa, where over $780,
600 has been deposited since the in
PRODUCTION of the system. Chester,
Pa, has now on deposit over $4,000.
Toledo, Ohio, established the system
in 1911, and has deposited since then
over $252,000, with $4,000 reported
as still on deposit. Atlantic City, N.
j., has on deposit over $50, 900. Pupils
in Grand Rapids, Mich, deposited
$4,000 in the several years since es-
tablishing the bank and have drawn
out in that time only $4,000.
The bulletin suggests that there
can be stimulating relation between
the U. S. postal savings system and
the school savings banks. The postal
savings banks receive deposits from
all over 10 years Of age. children
who have spent their pennies and,
nickels in candy shops and moving3
picture shows until they are 10 years
old, declares the bulletin, "are not
likely to hold their cards until they
accumulate the 81 to be exchanged
for certificate Of deposit. School
savings banks are needed to prepare
young people to profit by the postal
savings banks"
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17
POULTRY POINTERS

POULTRY POINTERS.
A fat hen is queen on the market
make her so.
Sour or musty food is sure to start
bowel trouble.
Eggs have a tendency to grow
smaller as the laying season advances.
. Milk in any form may be given to
the poultry with profit.
Good wheat at full price is cheaper
than screenings at half price for the
poultry.
If you get soft shelled eggs, it in
dicates the hens are too fat; feed less,
and keep them busy and do not feed
fattening foods.
The first trap nest patent was is
sued in June, 1897, and hardly in
practical use yet, and one of the best
improvements in poultry raising.
As the breeding season draws to a
close, you will probably have many
breeders to dispose of and right then
there are many who will buy stock to
get start.
Eggs and meat are the foundation
of the poultry business. Let us aim
for this standard more, then we will
have better standard bred" and more
profitable poultry.
You should study to know the value
of the food you feed your poultry to
get the best results. You may not dc
this in a way that a scientist would
but you can do it in an experimental
way, and experience is far the best
teacher; however, it is the most ex-
pensive.
A writer in Western Poultry Jour.
nal says: "Sour skim fed to broodel
chicks will aid materially in cleansing
them of parasites and germs of al
kinds, as these do not seem to bt
able to stand the acid of the milk
; Some use commercial starter, admin
istering a drop from a medicine drop
per to each baby chick before it L
placed in the brooder. have nevel
used this remedy but have a frient
who speaks in the highest praise Of II
and states that II effectually destroy
the germs of white diarrhoea."
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17
COOPERATIVE Marketing

These several classes of organiza-
tions are increasing in number every
year, The department regards the
movement for cooperative marketing
as permanent. 1t is the judgment of
the men engaged in the government
survey of this form of business that
better results are obtained than under
the old system of individual handling;
that by marketing through Corpora
tive associations farmers are encour-
aged to improve their crops and to
standardize the packing of products.
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

plus fowls could be marketed in larger
quantities and put on the market with
a guarantee. Contracts to furnish
hotels and restaurants with so many
cases of strictly fresh eggs each week
during the year could be made and an
extra price received over and above
the price usually paid by the local
market. Hotel and restaurant men
are always ready to pay good price
for strictly fresh eggs and are ready
TO pay a premium for them when as
surance is made that delivery of so
many dozens weekly can be made.
What is said of eggs can be said of all
poultry products.
The cooperative feature of buying
grains, feeds, grit, etc, in larger
quantities offers a saving of a large
amount each year. One central hatch
ing plant, run by an expert poultry
man is far better than many individ-
ual Matching plants and the Matching
can be done in this way at large
saving.
An expert poultryman could be
hired to have general supervision over
the entire plan, which would lend
strength to the organization and as
sure best markets for the products
The poultry expert could have charge
of the Matching, shipping, selling, buy.
ing and advise members on all sub
jects pertaining to the business as
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

OF our country where
there are poultry rails
ers.
The organization
could have rules to
govern the body, Of
ficers, etc. The OBJ
ject of the organiza-
ton should be, TO-
market the eggs and
buy together on a CO.
operative plan. The
eggs, as we'll as sur
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17

or burn. When used for fencing they
keep in better alignment than wooden
posts. Concrete is now used for fence
posts, clothes poles, hitching posts
and gate posts. Concrete fence posts
have been made at an average cost Of
less than % cents each, notwithstand-
ing the fact that all material was pur-
chased, and even in well-timbered dis
tricts they are being substituted for
wooden posts on account of their low
first cost and everlasting qualities.
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17
COOPERATIVE POULTRY RAILS.
ING.

Poultry raising on the cooperative
plan, might be made to pay a hand
some profit to the members. Such an
organization is not an impossibility
and might be started in any section
Charlevoix county herald., 1915-04-17
GRAND RAPIDS. MICH.

we'll as correctly mate the breeding
pens and build up good business.
The Ely miner., 1915-08-20
HALF Of STATE TAX
. PAID BY 3 COUNTIES
REVENUE RECEIVED FROM HEN.
NePlN, ST. LOUIS AND RAM
SEY s1,645,ss6.
GET S1,639,743 FROM OTHERS
minnesota's Totals Receipts for All
Purposes for Fiscal Year Reach
s22,4s1,sss-Larsest Single Item,
$5,o0o,ooo from Railroads.

st. Paul.-Three counties, Hennepin.
81. Louis and Ramsey, paid into the
general revenue fund of the state dur.
Ing the fiscal year ending July 81, 1915,
total OF $1,645, 1868, while the SO
other counties in Minnesota paid ST.
o39,I43.S2, according to an abstract
from the books of Walter j. Smith.
state treasurer. In other words the
three counties containing the large
cities OF the state contributed more
than one-half the revenues of the state
derived from direct taxation.
Receipts for All Purposes.
Less than third of the states in.
come is levied direct, the remainder
coming through gross earnings taxes
and numerous other sources. The
total receipts for all purposes for the
fiscal year were $22,4S1,93 The larg.
est single item is the gross earnings
taxes of railroads, aggregating more
than $5,OOO,OOO.
OF the states receipts $4,000, 900
went into the revenue fund, for the
maintenance of the general administra-
tion; $1,646,0O0 into the permanent
and $2,257,OOO to the general school
funds; S102,537 into the permanent and
S973,OOO into the general university
funds
st. Louis county paid in $1,466, 900,
being the heaviest taxpayer. It's neigh
Dor, Cook county, paid $S,575.96 and
is the smallest.
The Ely miner., 1915-08-20
AUTO SPEEDERS PAY FINES
Six Men Caught in Trap Laid BY
Sheriff at Excelsior Plead
Guilty.

Excelsior, Mimi. Six automobil.
lists, caught in the trap laid by the
sheriff for speeders on the boulevards
to Lake Minnetonka, pleaded guilty
before Justice of the Peace Apgar at
Excelsior. Each was fined $40 and
costs, amounting to $3.50.
The six were among the SO alleged
speeders who were stopped by the
sheriff's men. None were detained.
Each gave his name and the warrants
were sent out. Deputies told Justice
Apgar that the men were driving at
rates varying from 81 to 40 miles an
hour.
Nineteen more warrants were issued
and Sheriff Langum says that there
will be NO Iet-up until speeding on the
county bouIevards has ceased
The Ely miner., 1915-08-20
DAMAGE TO WHEAT FROM SCAB
disease More Prevalent Than it Has
Been for Several Years, Says
e. c. Stakman.

st. Paul.-Damage to wheat this
year from scab will be from 2 to 20
per cent, according to E. c.. Stakman
OF the Minnesota experiment station.
The disease, declared one of the most
serious to which wheat is subjected, is
more prevalent than it has been for
several years, Mr.. Stakman holds
Every farmer probably is familiar
with the symptoms" Mr. Stakman
said. "The whole head may dry pre-
maturely, or only individual kernels,
or groups of kernels may dry. On
examining closely, it will be noticed
that there is pinkish substance, eth
er at the base of the chaff, or cement
ing the chaH together. This contains
the spores of the fungus.
All of the light, shriveled kernels
and a great many of those which are
slightly below normal weight should
be blown out in tanning and grading
the seed for next year. This tanning
and grading is very important, and
should be done with great care. After
all the bright, plump grains have been
secured in this way, they should be
treated with formaldehyde, as for
stinking smut"
The Ely miner., 1915-08-20
SEE BONES AND BULLET HOLE
Campers Discover Remains of Henry
Swanson, Lost During Snow Storm
Last December.

Chisholm.-The bleached bones of
Henry Swanson, who was lost during
snowstorm last December while re-
turning to Chisholm from the home of
a shacker in the woods north of town,
were found at Dewey lake by Luther
Bangs of Hibbing and Ole Byeo, CHS
holm, who went to the lake to camp.
There was a bullet hole through the
skull, and '30-30' rifle, which Swan
son had borrowed from Gust Moline,
a saloonman here, was found near the
bones. One cartridge had been dis
charged. Swanson's knife and COM
pass also were found, completing the
Identification.
Swanson's clothing was found some
distance from the whftened bones, and
there were indications wild animals
had eaten the flesh.
Swanson was unmarried and has a
brother living at Minneapolis. The
coroner's jury returned verdict of
accidental death.
The Ely miner., 1915-08-20
"CALL TO ARMS" AT LAREDO
carranza Paper Prints Fiery Editorial
In Texas Town-AppeaIs to
Mexican Element.

Laredo, Texas, Aug. 16.-A Carran-
"a newspaper of this city prints q
fiery editorial which is regarded among
the susceptible element of Mexicans
here as "a call to arms" Translations
Of the editorial have been forwarded
to Washington and to Major General
Funston. The editorial in part says:
If you are Mexicans read article
81 Of the constitution, which says: 1T
is the obligation Of every Mexican to
defend the independence, the honor
and the rights and interests of the
fatherland'; and read article 80 of the
constitution, which says, 1T is the pre-.
rogative of every Mexican citizen to
take up arms for the defense of the
republic or it's institutions That is
to say, it is not only the obligation
to defend the republic when its sover-
eighty is attacked, but it is their pre-
rogative, right and honor to do so.'