The Elbert County tribune., 1915-02-05
tCopyrigbt. 1914. by A. S. Grayp
DUCTLESS GLANDS.

metabolism in the body. Second.
these same secretions build up and
maintain the body's resistance to dis
ease by cleansing the blood of the
diHerent poisons which 1t accumu-
iates in its current from time to, time
1t is believed that the Internal gland
secretions whet the appetite of the
white blood corpuscles. or leucocytes,
the body's germ destroyer, as step
In this protective plan.
The biochemic salts involved in the
breaking down tkatabolic) and the
building up tanabolic) processes OF
the body; the l6. and perhaps more.
mineral elments existing in organic
or living form in the universe and re-
quired to maintain the metabolism Of
all the cells of the human body, are
governed. regulated and controlled by
the ductless glands. This. of couse.
is a reciprocal reaction, because
obviously there must be something to
govern If the glands are to function.
and 1t is equally obvious that the
glands cannot function in the absence
of these elements or minerals. There
being no ducts leading into these
glands. 1t is very clear that nothing
except by means OF the blood stream.
Hence. the profound physical and men
tai disturbance following any disar-
rangement in the natural or physiolog-
ical food supply.
The largest of the ductless glands is
the thyroid. situated in the fore part
of the neck, midway between the
Adams apple" Thyroid cartilage)
and the top of the breastbone tstern-
UNI. point just behind where the
average man wears his collar button.
The gland comprises two sections. or
lobes, one lying on either side Of
the windpipe (larynx), connected by
neck. or isthmus. the whole forming
fiat. oval body about three inches
long
Because the general shape suggests
long. oval, shield, the name thy
roid' was taken from the Greek lam
guage-it means, literally. shieIdlike.
The thyroid gland is reddish-brown
in color and has vesicular structure
| that is to say, the Interior Is honey
combed with minute sacs Ike the in
terror of an orange. each tiny bladder
Of which under normal conditions is
| filled with yellow gluelike compound
| known as "colloid." a substance DIFF
| fusing not at all or very slowly.
through animal membranes. Access
sorry thyroids. varying in size and nm
ber. may be found along the lower
windpipe ttrachea) from the larynx
as far down as the heart These ac-
cessories possess the same vesicular
structure and are supposed to have
function similar to that OF the thy
roid body
There are several highly significant
facts in connection with the general
structure and composition of the thy.
roid body that 1t is advisable to keep
constantly in mind while considering
this subject Throughout the whole
range OF animal and vegetable life the
catalytic engines, or ferments. are
] constantly busy. They are vitally
and fundamentally concerned with life
in all its phases, so much 70 that phys
iology is rapidly resolving itself into
a branch of catalysis.
No other gland. large or small, re-
ceives proportionally SO great and d.
rect a supply Of blood as the thyroid.
All these facts considered together
are sufficient to warrant US in accept.
ing the thyroid as a most important
organ and should also prepare us to
expect very grave physical results
| from any disturbance of its functions.
Snugly tucked away behind the thy
roid two of them on either side OF
the larynx and often actually Imbed.
ded in the tissue of that gland. are
| four small bodies known as the par
athyroids.
The adrenal glands take their name
from the kidney: "ad" meaning addi-
tion. or proximity to. and renal be-
ing another name for kidney. These
two additional kidney glands are fiat.
| lima bean shaped bodies, each about
one and one-half inches long. and they
lie in intimate relation with and at the
top of each kidney. 1t is believed
both the inner tmedullary) and the
outer (corticaD parts of the adrenal
| glands make contributions to the
blood stream. The absence OF this
medullary secretion produces a fall
In blood pressure which is fatal
Suspended by short stalk from the
under surface of the brain hangs an
other OF these pealike bodies. or baby
| glands The early students OF physi-
ology believed this gland prepared
| phlegm or mucus for the moistening
of the membrane OF the nose. and they
therefore called 1t the pituitary Sc
| which means the phlegm former. The
pituitary body thypophysis) consists
Of two parts. a large anterior lobe
Of distinct glandular tissue and a
much smaller posterior lobe OF nerv.