davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1915-09-15
CLEMENTS NEWS

Lars Sogaard, of Shutdown,
returned Tuesday from a trip
to the northern part Of the state.
The Marvin family of Red
wood visited at the A. E. and
P. O. Clements homes Monday.
Joseph and Rudolph Neu-
decker left Monday for ST. Paul
where they will attend ST.
Thomas College.
Mrs. S. r. Krammer and son
returned Thursday from a
weeks visit with relatives at
Milroy.
Mrs. J. w. Hopfenspirger, of
Sleepy Eye, visited in Clements
Thursday.
Miss Mabel Carlander and
Miss Mary Mowry arrived Mon
day to take up their duties in
the local school.
Miss Mary and Francis Wy
rembeck were Marshall visitors
wednesday.
Mrs. G. H. Nelson and Miss
Mary Mowry and Miss Mabel
Carlander were Redwood visit
ors Thursday.
Oliver Steele, of Redwood
Falls, was in Clements Thurs
day.
The c. P. Cutting family of
Sleepy Eye, visited at the V. G.
Hopfenspirger home Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Otto Gerstmann
were Redwood Falls callers Fri
day.
S. O. Lucas was State Fair
visitor last week.
Subscribe for The Gazette and
get the news fresh.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1915-09-15
SHUTDOWN NEWS

Geo. Evans returned Thursday
from the cities where he viewed
the big pumpkins IT the Stl5e
Fair.
Miss Edna Longbottom, of
Seaforth, is working for Mrs. j.
Meyer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Will REM, of
Owatonna, visited at the Sam
Bellig home a few days last
week.
Mrs. Aug. Tonak left Thurs
day for Osceola, Wis, for visit
with her daughter, Mrs. Caro-
line Kuske.
James Vane came down from
Dawson td he present at the
auction on the Christ Vane farm
Thursday.
Chris. Thompson came down
from Kinbrae last week to work
with the VIM. Meyer threshing
machine this fall.
Robert Peterson completed
the foundation Saturday for a
new barn, 34x80 feet, for Peter
Isaacson.
Miss Lydia Henslin arrived
here from Dodge Center Satur-
day and began teaching in Dis
trict No. 81 Monday.
Miss Lottie Kagel left Sun
day for Lamberton where she
will attend the Normal depart
ment of the high school.
julius Meyer returned Mon
day from a trip to Mahnomen
County, where his father has
bought land. Mr.. Meyer ex-
poets to move up there some
time soon.
The Shutdown Mothers Club
will meet Thursday afternoon,
September 80, with Mrs. Otto
Peterson. All members are re-
quested to be present.
Mr.. and Mrs. Emil Tonak,
Miss Eta Tonak and the Sam
Bellig family visited with Sleepy
Eye friends last Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. J. Puck and
daughters, Emma and Elsie, of
Manning, Iowa, are visiting at
the Lars Meyer and J. Puck
homes.
The julius Christensen and
Alfred Hack families left this
week for new homes in Nah
nomen County. The best wishes
of their many Shutdown friends
go with them.
Mrs. VIM. Christensen and
son Charley, and Mrs. Rudolph
Jensen of Pennock, are guests
at the Julius Jensen home.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. O. Thompson,
of Lamberton, and P. L. Thomp-
son of Princeton, Mimi, WIS.,
tied the Robert Peterson fam
lily last Thursday.
Jim Jensen, who has been en-
ployed on the Otto Peterson
farm this summer, left Satur-
day for Evan, where he will
work at the carpenter trade
with VIM. Christensen.
The premium list of the sec
ond annual Shutdown township
fair to be held Saturday, Oc-
tober 9, appears in this issue.
The committees are working
hard to make this fair sue
cess.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1915-09-15
WANDA WANDERINGS

E. Doepke made trip to Wa
basso Tuesday.
Miss Mayme Gamble from
Springfield is visiting at the MI.
Dooner home.
Mr.. and Mrs. M. CORES were
Seaforth visitors last Sunday.
Miss Violet Hulberg from Lu-
can was a guest at the Val. P.
Eichten home this week.
O. C. Kuehn and family were
Gibbon callers last Sunday.
E. Doepke, Mr.. and Mrs. ?.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1915-09-15

Miss Della Balfany left Thurs
day for a few weeks visit with
relatives at Mapleton.
School opened Tuesday with
a fairly good attendance j.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1915-09-15

cry from Lake City, Mimi, for
third and fourth grades, and
Miss Jessie Smith from River
Falls, Wis.,, for primary, first
and second grades.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1915-09-15

Cunning from Brook Park, Min
nesota, as principal, Miss Har-
riet Bartlett from Delano, Min
nesota, for fifth and sixth
grades, Miss Louise Montgom-
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1915-09-15
All Walks
Are Alike to
Treadeasys


Whether you walk on
the hard city pavement
or through country lanes
you'll feel he same
springy rebound at every
step if you wear Tread
easy shoes.
Urea deasys have so
many special features pc
culiar to themselves alone
as to place them beyond
competitor and in a class
by themselves.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1915-09-15

Subscribe for The Gazette and
get the news fresh.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
ALLEGED SLAYER is FREED
William Meyer, Sheboygan Falls, Is
Found Not Guilty of John
Blanks Death.

Sheboygan.-The jury in the case of
William Meyer of Sheboygan Falls,
charged with manslaughter because of
the death of John Blank at Kohler last
April, returned a verdict of not guilty
Meyer and Blank were employed in
the plant of the Kohler company.
Blank, who had come to this country
only four years ago from Germany
was greatly interested in the war and
took exception to a remark Meyer had
made to others about the Germans.
When Meyer entered the shop where
Blank was working the latter rushed
at him. Meyer had metal square and
a template in his hands. Blank had a
file and a chisel, and began striking at
Meyer. In the scuffle Blank was struck
in the head and died two days later.
Meyer gave himself up. No one saw
him strike Blank. He declared he did
not know himself if he struck blow,
but said he was trying to prevent
Blank from striking him on the head.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
FIFTY PERSONS KILLED
IN GASOLINE EXPLOSION
Two Hundred Injured When Flames
Follow Blast-Tank Car Let's Go
at Ardmore, Okla.

Ardmore, Okla, Sept. 29.-Fifty per-
sons are believed to have been killed
and at least 200 injured, most of them
dangerously, when 250-barrel tank
car of gasoline, standing near the
Santa Fe freight Office in the business
district, exploded on Monday.
The tremendous force of the explo-
sion RACED many buildings and threw
burning gasoline in every direction.
A few minutes later the whole town
was at the mercy of score of fires.
Ten blocks of business buildings were
imperiled by the flames.
The fires are all under control and
the city is under martial law.
A spark from hammer ignited gas
fumes through small leak in the tank
and caused the explosion, it was
stated. Two workmen were busy on
the tank at the time. Both were killed.
Immediately after the explosion ex-
cited persons were running in every
direction Glass fronts were blown
from stores and scores of people were
severely cut
Private homes were Immediately
thrown open to the injured and a
score of men began working in the
smoldering ruins in the business dis
trict for victims.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
GERMANS DEFEATED BY
THE ALLIED ARMIES
French Push Teutons Back on Fiji
teen-Mile Front-British and Bel
gians Make Gains.

London, Sept. 28.-The greatest vic
tory for the allied arms since the bat
tie of the Marine, when the strategy
of General Joffre and Sir John French
saved Paris, has crowned the first
move of the great Franco-British drive
to hurl the Germans from France.
Almost year to the day since that
great battle, which marked the end of
the German advance into France,
Joffre and French have hurled their
legions at the French line with vio-
lence for which they have been
months in preparing.
AS a result, the German position,
which extends in the form of a right
angle triangle from Ypres south to a
point northeast of Compeigne, thence
directly east through Reims to point
north of Verdun, is in imminent dan
ger of development.
In the two days since the great al
lied offensive began striking at the
extremes of this great German triangle
with the purpose of fianking both an
giles, the French and British have cap
tured 10000 unwounded prisoners.
The French, on the southern line OF
the German triangle, have smashed
their way for two and half miles
through the German line on front OF
fifteen miles, while at the northern
end near Arras the British army has
captured five miles of trenches and
broken the German line in some places
for depth of 1000 yards.
The German war office admits the
loss of Loos and Souchez and the re-
tirement of the Germans for more than
a mile over wide section of the front.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
KILLED BY DYNAMITE
TEXAS, WIS, FARMERS BODY is
BLOWN TO PIECES.
Victim Had Been Brooding Over Finan-
ciaI Difficulties and Recent
Attacks of Illness.

Wausau.-Fred Abraham, farmer
of the town of Texas, thirteen miles
north of here, was blown to pieces by
a stick of dynamite, and his home
badly demolished.
Abraham, who was widower, lived
on the farm with a son, twenty-five
years of age, and had long been brood
ing over financial troubles and a re-
cent attack of illness.
No one was present at the time of
the tragedy, but it is believed that he
lay down upon the dynamite and de-
liberately ignited the fuse. The ex-
plosion was heard for over mile and
when neighbors rushed to the scene,
they found nothing that resembled a
human body, while big hole three
feet square was torn through the
floor, and the rooms were otherwise
badly damaged.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06

Terms of Proposed War Loan
Announced at Chicago.
DETAILS BY BARON READING
Lord Chief Justice of England Says
Credit Will Be Secured by Anglo
French Five Per Cent Bonds
Run for Five Years.

Chicago, Sept. 30.-Financial agents
OF Great Britain and France, in
America to float vast credit loan, an.
nounced formally in Chicago on Tues
day night that half a billion dollars
was the amount sought by the warning
nations
The announcement, carrying with
1t the terms of the proposed loan, was
made simultaneously in Chicago and
New York. The local declaration fol-
lowed the banquet to the members of
the Anglo-French commission at the
Blackstone hotel.
Here are the terms of the history
making loan, as described for news
paper men by Baron Reading of Err
leigh (Sir Rufus Isaacs), lord chief
justice of England:
"a total of 100000 900 to be issued
on joint Anglo-French fve-year five
per cent bonds offered to the public
at SO, and to the syndicate of under
writer's at 90.
Furthermore, the proposition is to
issue the bonds in denominations as
low as 500, and arrangements may be
made by which subscribers might pay
for them by installment," explained
Baron Reading and his European col
leagues at the banquet given by the
Commercial club.
The New York announcement Of the
amount and terms of the loan was
made through ]. P. Morgan & Co.
Dispatches told of repetition of the
announcement made here.
Before making their announcement
the finance commissioners were in
formed by long-distance telephone
communication that opposition to the
loan by the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
had been withdrawn. Jacob H. Schiff,
New York banker, communicated with
them.
'It was not possible that we could
have come to Chicago without dis
cussing the loan," said Baron Reading
to interviewers. "There were surely
people here with whom we have
wanted to discuss the loan.
1.-THE negotiations for the loan have
never been confined to New York and
it's financiers. It is open to the whole
country, throughout the whole of the
United States"
Plans for handling the proposed for
eign loan were discussed by Thomas
w. Lamont, partner in the firm of
]. P. Morgan & Co., with 35 repre-
sentatives of Chicago bond houses and
bond departments of banks.
Mr.. Lamont outlined the details OF
the loan and mapped out scheme
for the appointment of committees
which will be in charge of the distri-
button and sale of the bonds in the
various sections of the country.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
STATE WILL GIVE $780, O8
Money to Be Distributed Among
Schools for the Deaf-To Get
$3.50 Per Pupil.

Madison-The state treasurer has
been authorized to make the fiscal dis
tribution of Wisconsin aid to deaf
schools The aid for the nine months
ending June 80, 1915, amounts to $780,
108.89. This is to be distributed to the
city treasurers of twenty-five cities in
the state at the rate of $3.50 per pupil,
or the fraction of the year that each
pupil attended the schools.
The following cities will receive
these amounts for this purpose:
Amigo, $2,173.19; Appleton, 49,
267O5; Eau Claire, $7,625.35; Fond du
Lac, $2,47915; La Crosse, $1,35S.14,
and Sheboygan, $1,658.14.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
Girl Dies of Lockiaw.

Coleman-Miss Emily Ennis, IS
year-old daughter of John Ennis, who
suffered a broken leg in a runaway
here on Sept. Is, died of lockjaw. Miss
Ermis's death follows closely on that
of her 21-year-old brother, who was &C
cidentally shot about five weeks ago.
An older brother was drowned a couple
of years ago. This is the eighteenth
death in the family of Mr.. Ennis, he
having lost two wives and sixteen
children.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
U. S. MAcHINIsTs GO ABROAD.

Many Mechanics. Leave New York
Weekly to Work in War Plants.
New York, Sept 30.-At least one
hundred and fifty American machinists
engaged in all parts of the country
are leaving New York each week to
work in the munition plants of the
European belligerents, according to
information obtained at the offices OF
the international Association of Ma
chinists here. English works. Il was
stated. are paying $25 to $35 a week
TO mechanics who can make special
machines, and are paying literally for
overtime.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
THE EUROPEAN WAR A
YEAR AGO THIS WEEK
Oct. 4, 1914.

Allies defeated flanking move
nnent, and battle-ground shifted to
vicinity of Arras.
Allies claimed success In Woevre
and Scissors region.
British forces aided in defense of
Antwerp.
Russians defeated Germans at
Augustowo and their advance
reached Nugy valley, In Hungary.
Germans made unsuccessful at
lacks on OssoWetz forts.
Japanese marched to Wei-Hseln.
Angio-French fleet bombarded
Cattaro and destroyed Lustica.
Belgian government issued Gray
Paper.
France officially denied German
charges of torture.
Prayers for peace offered In
American churches.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
TWENTY PERSONS
DIE IN HURRICANE
Crescent City Hit by West IN
dian Storm.
ALL WIRES REPORTED DOWN
Bodies and Wreckage From Houses
Seen in the Mississippi River
Dozen Vessels Go Ashore in
Terrific Storm

Galveston, Tex, Oct. Reports
relayed here by wireless indicate the
death loss at New Orleans will ap-
proximate score, while fragmentary
reports from small coast cities show
that the general destruction has been
tremendous, and that the property
loss will rise into millions. Re-estab-
Hshment of wire communication is ex-
pected to reveal many deaths on the
Louisiana coast
A West Indian hurricane escaped
the bounds OF the Gulf of Mexico,
swooped around New Orleans at the
rate Of so miles an hour and began
tOrtuUus dash up the Mississippi river.
1t cut New Orleans off from rail and
wire communication, burst levees
south Of tkat city, raised Lake Pont-
chartrain II feet and showed govern
ment weather recorders a 90-mi1e-an-
hour velocity for several minutes.
A dozen ships, chiefly coasting
sChooners and fishing boats, were
driven ashore. Southern Pacific car
ferry was stranded for hours on
mud fats below AvondaIe, near New
Orleans.
From Mobile came reports of ter
rife w1ndstOrm to the west, and from
Dallas came similar reports of disas-
ter to the east, indicating that the
hurricane was making sweep for the
Mississippi river valley, centering its
point of entry between New Orleans
and Atchafalaya bay.
The Southern Pacific liner Creole
notified the shore by wireless at five
o'clock that below the broken levees
down the river from New Orleans
houses were floating in midstream and
bodies had been seen.
Automobiles began bringing in refu-
gees to New Orleans from Milneburg
and all the territory deltaward from
that city. A railway car barn was
blown down and at three o'clock
the barometer registered 1898.
Warnings were sent out through the
central South and to all gulf ports
warning shippers to be on the watch
out While only reports of heavy
windstorm were received at Chicago
from the country north of New Or
leans the weather bureau officials pre-
dicted that the effects of the storm
would be felt all the way up the val
ley until atmospheric conditions at
the great lakes checked the storm.
Jackson, Miss, Oct 1.-Wire COM
munication south of McComb City s
cut off and all efforts to locate two I'LL
nois Central passenger trains between
that city and New Orleans were futile.
The last dispatches received by the Illi-
nois Central railroad reported more
than a mile of track washed out be-
tween Rudder and Freriere, about thir-
ty-two miles north OF New Orleans.
A Yazoo & Mississippi Valley pas
senger train also is reported marooned
south of Baton Rouge, La.
Last reports coming from New Or
leans before all means of communi-
cation were lost said the city was in
darkness because of the flooding Of
electric plants. Wind mad driven the
water in Lake PonchaTtrain above
the sea wall.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
Oct. 7, 1914.

Allies drove German cavalry
back from Lille and gained at
Roye.
Germans bombarded Lanaeken
because of attacks by civilians.
Germans closed in on Antwerp
and crossed the Nethe.
Belgian government was moved
to Ostend.
Germans on East Prussian from
tier checked Russian advance.
Russians sheIled PrzemysI.
Austrians reported victory near
Tesco, Hungary.
Canadian troops landed In Eng
land.
Japanese seized island of zap.
British submarine sank German
destroyer off mouth of River Ems.
Six Austrian torpedo boats sunk
by mines in Adriatic.
New York Stats Zeitung barred
from mails.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
Mother Superior Dies.

Racine.-Mother Mary Hyacinthe, "a
years old, formerly Mother Superior OF
the ST. GATHERINGS colony of Dominican
sisters in this city, died suddenly OF
apoplexy at the community house here
she had been mother superior from
1862 to 1911. She was the first postu-
liant of the community in this city,
coming here from her home in Mil
waukee. Her name was Mary Ober-
Drummer. In 1912 she celebrated the
fiftieth jubilee anniversary of her en-
trance into the sisterhood.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
Oct. s, 1914.

Allies repuIsed on left wing.
Germans resumed offensive in
Argonne district and along the
Mouse.
Three Antwerp forts taken by
Germans.
Two Russian armies advanced on
AlIensteln.
Austrians defeated Montenegrins
in East Bosnia.
Japanese captured German naval
base in Marshall archipelago.
Prince of Wales fund reached $751;
100000.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
oct. 6. 1s14.

Desperate fighting on the Disc.
Allies gained at scissors.
German column was at Lille.
Germans claimed victories near
Suwalki and Augustowo.
Russian forces from Baltic forced
Germans back between WlrbaIIen
and Lyck.
Austrians claimed victory at
Uzsok pass, but Cossacks were re-
ported 80 miles from Budapest.
French laid mines In the Adriatic.
German prisoners in France SEN
fenced to die for footing.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
JOHN WESLEY HILL SUED.
Woman Asks 100000 Damages for
Breach of Promise.


New York, Sept. 30.-Rev. DR.. John
Wesley Hill, for five years pastor of
the Metropolitan tabernacle. close
frienc of ex-President Taft, and presi-
dent of the international Peace TO-
rum, was sued in the supreme court
for 100000 damages for breach of
promise by Miss Lucille CoVington,
who is a lecturer and chautauqua
worker. Rev. Mr. Hill, who is married
and is the father of John Warren Hill.
a deputy assistant district attorney,
employed Miss Covington for about
six months in 1910 as manager of his
lecture bureau.
Mr.. Hill said that Miss Covington
had no valid claim of any kind against
him.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
rwo GERMAN CHIEFS oUsTED.

Won Hindenburg May Take Command
of Kaiser's Armies in the West.
Paris, Oct 1. - German newspa-
pers announced that two generals, IN
named. have been dismissed from Ger
man commands in the western zone in
connection with the recent setback at
the hands of the allies, according to a
djspatch to the Exchange Telegraph
company.
It is probable, the dispatch adds,
that a new German commander in
chief of the western armies soon will
he named. In this connection the
name of Field Marshal Won linden
burg is mentioned.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
Cue. Midtown Man for $4,000.

New Richmond.-F. A. s. Price OF
st Paul has sued ]. Laursen of Mill.
town. Wis, for $4,000, alleging that
he has been damaged to that amount
by a letter that Laursen wrote to the
railroad commission of Wisconsin.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
pHILLlEs TAKE THE REMNANT.

Braves Last Chance Is Lost When
Alex HurIs one-Hit Victory.
BOSTON. Oct. 1.-The Philadelphia
on Wednesday won the Nationai
league championship for 1915, with Al
exander pitching a one-hit game
against the present title-hoidlng
braves. The score was to o. The
defeat of the Braves makes it posi-
BILE for the league leaders to lose all
their remaining games and still have
clear title to first place.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
PELzER, BANK HEAD, DEAD.
Kansas City Man Falls to Death--ln
sured for $425,000.

Kansas City, Oct. IA five-story
fall from his office window caused the
death of Theodor C. Pelzer. who is
said to have carried insurance policies
aggregating $425,0OO and to have left
an additional estate worth 100000.
His accident policies totaled $S5,OO0.
Mr.. Pelzer was president of the Farm
ers' Loan and Trust company and a
real estate operator. He inherited a
fortune from the estate Of his father.
He leaves a widow.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
GERMANS DEFEAT RUSS ARMY

General Won Eichhorn Captures 21,eo6
Prisoners and Many Guns.
London. Sept. 3O.-The Berlin war
office announced on Tuesday that in
Aghting east of Wilma General Won
EShhorn, breaking up large Russian
army, has taken 21,906 prisoners,
thr& cannon and 70 machine guns.
The emainder of the defeated force is
repored in flight Northeast of Wiech.
aow tNe Germans broke through the
Russian positions, capturing an addi-
tlonal 300 men and eight machine
guns.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06

Grand Rapids.-Mrs. F. McKinnon
of this city has been appointed to
serve on the national committee of
the woman's section of the Navy
league of the United States and be
in charge of this section. Mrs. Nc
Kinnon is the wife of Falkland Nc
Kinnon, prominent manufacturer of
this city
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1915-10-06
eRANAA AUTO RACER, HURT.

Notice DriVeA Burned When Car Takes
New York, Sept. 2S.-Harry Grant,
winner of the Vanderbilt Cup races,
was Drned WHEN his Maxwell car
took ne while Ae was warming up
preparatory to milking a trial spin
over ah' new speedway course. He
was Hk'n to the opney Island hos
pital il asemiconscides condition.