St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1915-12-04

OF ordinary bleaching powder or
lchloride Of lime placed in q gallon
lofsW1ter IN effective. A 2 per cent
EhluDgtpne solution II also effective.
fozt3inary 40 per cent 1ldehyde
1olutions ut tho strength a. ounce
Ito the. gallon Il likgWbossa good
| 6ermicide. These solutions should
always be kept inaglass hettles or
otherwise chemically clean contain
(ehs. They should never b put in
| tin cans or metal containers OF any
sort. since the solutions are decom-
posed and rendered inert By metals
The water used should be reasonably
tclean and the sponge or swab should
be kept clean oy occasional washing.
Hints TO. ENeci.e Work.
! Begin operations at the base OF the
tee and work upward, otherwise a
lot of time and caletul work may be
wasted On The upper part of a or-nch
! which it is la.er found necessary t.
remove, O.. oouy Digit or even co..
J lar blight found 4ater on the tree.
map case il 10 oe Condemned. IN
some cases there is a limit to tt
amo.nt of work which the grower is
wiling 10 do to save a tree. The
blight should be removed even If it
necessitates condemning the tee ant
roofing il out. A tree partly in1ur-
ed Oy color blight may be cleaned VI
and stvsa. This often requires dig
g.ng he dirt away and working
kaItIy background. 1t is necessary,
however, to follow the gin of the
nvrf0 {nfn
the ground, ]ust as If you were trac-
: ing the boundaries of an island. IL
is usually best to condemn tree
girdled bp collar blight. It is pos
sible, however, after doing thorough
work OF eradication With rathe.
mild case of collar blight, to bridge
graft and thus save the tree by the
same process used in bridge graftin;
a tree girdled by mice or other ami
mails. a~
Collar blight can bes. be detecte.
! in the autumn, just before the PER-
or apple trees shed their leaves.
: This and similar injuries to the col
lar of tree will cause the leaves t,
yellow and assume bronze or autumn
colors and even drop, while those OIL
the normal, healthy trees are still
| green. Other troubles, such as in
juries by mice, frost collar girdle,
and fungous root rot cause simila.
symptoms, but these symptoms
should lead to an inspection Of the
collar.
To inspect the collar Of a tree o.
or on large limbs, dig out with {
carpenters gouge or sharp knife
small piece of the outer bark, ex-
posing an area of the fashy bark thu
size Of ones thumb nail. The Gu
should not be made through to the
cambium and will do no injury ii
the bark is all right at that point.
Always do this with disinfectan
in hand and promptly disinfect the
cut, otherwise you may inoculate ia
blight or at leas give an opportunity
for incubation. Keep the knife o
gouge continually disinfected during
| this inspection.
Do not oe deceived by the norm
rough bark fol nation, which consist.
of the outer layers of bark whic
have died naturally. Fruit trees,
! like other trees, Ike p their bark
smooth while young and vigorous
AS they get older the outer layers
begin to die, being replaced by Wig
orous young bark underneath. This
process starts mainly at the base
the tree and works upwara, the old
est bark dying first. 1t also begins
in spots on the branches, especially
at the bases of fruit spurs or small
wigs, and finally cove-s all the older
hRo nh ~ th0 80
to the tree and needs no attention
except to distinguish it from the ire
blighted areas.
In working out the bad cases of
blight, particularly on the collars,
bodies, or larger branches where
there is considerable live blight in
the thick fleshy bark, it is a good
plan, after doing the work thorough
~, to mark such case by tying
strip Of cotton cloth around the body
or branch to distinguish it from the
Tnonvirulent cases, then three or four
days to a week later with gouge
OF sharp knife retrim the margins
to make sue that you worked be-
yond the blight at all times. The
bark will discolor naturally, so that
this blight can not be detected with Z
out retrimming. If any of he bligh
were left it is thus given an oppor
tunity to discolor further the bark
and show itself. This works better
In warm weather than in cold
weather.
Having cleaned up the blight
thoroughly in the fall, when dealing
with bad outDreaks it is a good plan
to 60 over the orchard tree by tree
and inspect in early spring when the
buds are swelling. but we'll ahead of
the blossoming period, to make sure
that no cases escaped A bit of gum
my exudate will. of course, immedi-
ately lead to examination with g
knife and gouge. Garry the kit Of