davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

ter hours in which to return. and, ac-
cording to the theory. most of this
would be in the hours of darkness:
But how would the aeroplane guide
itself after dark?,' some one asked
Capt. Bristol recently.
1t would have to work in connection
with the scout ships or destroyers.
which proceed in advance of the fleet.
but not of course, to the distance that
the aeroplanes will proceed
The work before the navy air pilots
in the near future is to take their aero
planes from the deck of the North Caro-
lima, at sea. make the tactical trips
that they would have to make in time
of war and get back May be some of
the chance of death or fatal injury is
not so great as on land. Their aircraft
are all of the floating variety.
Unlike the army, the navy has no fly
ing corps. In other words, the flying
men of the navy do not make up a sep
arate department. They are detailed
to undergo training at the Pensacola
pilots they are returned to other duties.
Thus, aboard ship the flying officer per-
forms the usual duties of his rank and
grade, save when his services are re-
quired to go a-f1ying. He has to have a
special knowledge of the art of flying,
but he is not specialist. He doesn't
loaf when there is no flying to be done.
He simply works at something else.
What are the lessons of the Euro
naval operations?" is the question
which was put to Capt Bristol recently
in his big office in the basement of the
tate. War and Navy building at Wash
ington.
Most of the operations of aircraft in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08
US.NANY AERONAUTIGAL
STATION AT PENSACOLA,
-. FLOR IDA....

the present war;" said the captain in
reply. have had to do with land fly
ing rather than sea flying, so it cannot
be said that much of value has been
learned concerning the work of air
craft with the fleet. What has been
learned. however, goes merely to con-
firm our previous conclusions as to the
effective use of flying craft.
Nevertheless. it is certain that at
the end of the war we will know more
than we do now about the uses to
which the aircraft may be put in war
ITO those who are studying the sub
ject it seems that the air navy is just
as essential a part of the country's
fighting force as the battleships and
action has now become a verticle plane,
with the submarines and mines beneath
the surface, battleshps, cruisers and
destreyers on the surface and aircraft
in the air. To be successful against any
enemy this country must have command
of the air, the same as command of
the sea-
THE air navy must consist of aero
planes, semi-rigid or non-rigid airships
and rigid airships. The aeroplane is
the torpedo boat destroyer of the air.
the semi-rigid or non-rigid afrship the
cruiser, and the rigid airship the bat
tleship.
First let us consider the aeroplane
or heavier-than-a air machine, and it's
functions. An important part of all
military operate is what is known
as security and information That
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

to the members of either, nor is he the
center of any particular circle. His
favorite club is the senior one of the
two named. and occasionally, between
bouts of heavy work, he snatches a few
minutes relaxation there.
The United Services is one of the old
fashioned clubs, where each member
writes out his own menu, and to see
Kitchener in process of drawing up
his is said to be a sight for the gods.
TX. of X" likes to listen to the opin-
ions of his little coterie of friends while
he is having tea, but, Enthusiastically,
hardly ever opens his own mouth eX-
cept to put something into 1t.
TT o the comparatively little that we
know about another silent man,
Gen. Joffre, has been added, this week,
the announcement that he spent part
of his boyhood in England, fact which
probably accounts for the ease with
which he is said to speak English
A. H. Baynes, a magistrate of Wey-
bridge. in Surrey, says that he remem-
bers that the general was on visit to
that town as boy in 1861, and declares
he often saw him in the streets there.
He remembers him clearly because.
sunny and roundfaced as he was, he
was certainly French, and thus stood
out distinctly from the English boys
around him. Baynes adds: May we
hope he drew even little of his great
qualities from his short stay on the
soil of Weybridge."
wv ITH prospective shortage of fuel,
Wv the question of utilizing peat is
being seriously considered. Apropos
of it, Sir Herbert Maxwell, the Scottish
naturalist, writer and ex-
lord of the treasury, tells the following
curious story.
Fishing one day in a moorland loch
with an English frieNd, we took shelter
from heavy shower in a neighboring
cottage: l asked the good wife to
bake us some scenes for luncheon. On
the hearth was a pile of white peat
ash.
"She went down on her knees, blew
it aside. and there were the red embers
my friend seemed surprised. and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

same day." AS he spoke he brought out
Of his pocket the little bronze cross the
king had that morning given him. and
showed it to her lying on his palm side
by side with the white feather
This was Capt. Francis Grenfell, of
whom it was said that he showed what,
by the grace Of God. an English gentle
man might attain to-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

asked how long the first had been
alight, expecting, I suppose, that she
would say since 5 o'clock or so that
morning.
But her reply was: It's just seevin-
and-twenty year come Martimas since
Rab and me cam to this hoose. and the
fires never been DOT syn-syne.'
ID ENEWED war is to be waged upon
IN the "slackers" by the fair sex
during the next few weeks. Over en-
thousand women. clad in spotless
white, are to parade the street Satur-
day, and will assail, it is said, every
man of apparently military age within
sight and demand why he is not in
khaki. May they pick out the real
"won't-enlists' and spare the ones
who have been rejected as unfit for
service, the many men. convalescent
from wounds received at the front, who
are now. by special permission, wear
ing multi, not to mention the not yet
wholly senile Americans who live here
for business reasons!
Many are the blunders committed by
the well-intentioned female "recruiter."
Here is one witnessed in a tube" train.
A young woman entered a full carriage
and a young fellow Immediately offered
her his seat. He was promptly told that
she would not accept the seat Of
Stacker, and went on to upbraid him
for not being in khaki.
The young man was taken by sur
prise, but without word he sat down
again and resumed his reading.
The incident ended there 30 far as all
but he was concerned. The truth, was that
he had been badly wounded at the front
and was now discharged after excellent
service"
This incident is another argument. in
favor of distinguishing badge for men
in the same case as the victim. The
white featherites are at it again, too. and.
as usual, committing some frightful i'm
justices. Here is one Of the latest in
stances: - - - -. go -
The other day good-looking young
woman went up to man quietly eating
his luncheon, and, with a charming
smile. handed him a white feather.
With no less charming a smile he got
up. and bowed his thanks. and said. ur-
banefy: ITS not often a man has the
honor of receiving two decorations in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

separate guarantee from it's own con-
sulate.
Since the beginning of the war. the
writer was told. the embassy here has
cans. At, roughly, 50 each. it has thus
reaped $4,000 in fees. or almost
enough. as a facetious fellow-country-
man expressed it. to pay the ambassa-
doris salary. There is likely, moreover,
to be big rush for passports pretty
soon on the part of the 1900 or more
permanent American residents here,
who will wish to have an official guar
antee regarding their nationality in
order to escape complying with the
terms of the new registration bill just
passed by parliament. This bill, which
is generally regarded as a prelude to
CONSUMPTION, and to enforced labor IN
the direction of the making of mum.
lions of war, requires every citizen OF
this country, between the ages of six
teen and sixty-five to supply full de-
tails regarding himself or hersel1, IN
GLIDING statement as to what share
he or She is now taking in war work.
All the foregoing applies to Ameri-
cans wanting passports who have not
been away from their own country Tor
more than five years. After that quite
a lot more information has to be sup
piled, the American government re-
curing rather a deal of assuring that
sons and daughters of the Stars and
Stripes who have lived abroad longer
In the case of naturalized Americans
here who are without passports the
embassy has to communicate with
Washington, which looks up the record
of their naturalization before passports
can be issued to them. No difficulty
is made about issuing passports to
naturalized German-or Austrian
Americans. the writer was told. so
long as they either represent definite
American interests over here or are
returning to the United States within
a definite time.
A touch of humor is added to the
business of securing a passport by the
careful description of ones personal
appearance that. in addition to the pho
tograph, appears on every one issued.
This description. which is penned by
the embassy folk, includes details as
to forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, chin,
hair, complexion and face"
WOU cannot imagine Kitchener of
u Khartum as clubman. can you:
He is a member of two clubs in London
the United Services and the Junior
cd ServjceS-hut ho fol1c M To loo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08
ARMoRBD CRUISER NoRrH eARoIINA, -
MOTHER SHIP or 1aE NAvYS AIR SRA1r

means obtaining information regarding
the strength, the position and the rela-
tive disposition Of the enemy's forces
In order to make secure against sur
prise our own lighting forces.
'The prime purpose of the aeroplane
is in this department of security and
information. 1t guards the front. the
rear and the TANKS of the fleet. 1t
must be capable of fighting off like
craft sent out by the enemy. Still an
other highly important function is in
fire control Just as on land in Eu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

rope, the plane, from it's high alti-
tude. has observed the location of the
enemy and, by wireless or other sig
nal, has directed the artillery where
to aim, so it will also observe and di-
rect big gun fire in naval warfare.
1T is a demonstratable fact that the
aircraft is the surest and most eff
cient defense against the submarine
and the submarine mine known. In the
present war it is believed that if any
nation had suitable aircraft to dis
cover and attack submarines and mines
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

and take command of the air there
would not be such danger from these
weapons.
The aeroplane can see submarines
and mines beneath the water very
plainly and guide the dirigible to them.
which can descend close to the water
and stop. if necessary. to drop bombs
OF high explosive to destroy the sub
marines. If the submarine comes to
the surface to repel that attack. the
surface craft, such as destroyers or
cruisers, then attack the submarine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

London Correspondent Warns Travelling Public
Without Creenas
prohibited
WrongM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08
LAUNCHING A NHVY NYDR OAERcqlANe
~ -ATPENSAoOLA.

AT any depth where the submarine
can use her periscope she is very plain
to an aircraft overhead. OF course the
wash made by the periscope help in
that, an object the size of submarine
mine can be seen from aloft at a
depth beneath the surface of be-
tween so and 100 feet. Every one
meath the surface of seawater when
the surface is fiat and undisturbed.
II the surface is roughened. rise above
1t until the surface, by reason of your
increased distance from it. appear fat
and you get the same result-ability
to see beneath the surface.
ut cannot be said that the aero
plane has proven tremendously effect
i've in the matter OF bomb dropping
The speed at which it must move it's
insta bility as a platform from which
to aim and its light carrying capacity
make it's offensive capacity secondary
to its capacity as a scout 1t might
be used, however. for the purpose of
dropping bombs on submarines, since,
the submarine being limited in it's ca :
pacity to fight back, the aeroplane
might come down low enough to obtain
accurate aim.
ALSO moral and military effect might
be produced by the acroplane dropping
bombs on harbor crowded with mil
itary ira nsports. Nevertheless. as I
have said, security and information is
machine.
I'VE have less knowledge of the use
of the dirigible in this country than
we have Of the aeroplane's use. but it
is known, of course, that the dirigible
can be made Of high military impor-
lance. The relative stability of it's plat
form and its weight-carrying capacity.
permitting it to carry a large number
Of bombs. make it very useful
For example. to illustrate one type
of naval engagement: The aeroplane
having discovered the submarines and
mines, directs the air cruiser, other
wise the semi-rigid or non-rigid dirig-
ib1e, to attack, at the same time the
aeroplane protecting the air cruiser
from the aircraft of the enemy.
Another function of the air cruiser
is to lay sea mines.
The air battleship. otherwise, the
rigid dirigible. is designed to meet the
aircraft of the enemy in battle. 1t
probably will be used to drop aerial
torpedoes on the surface ships Of the
enemy, and will be utilized over land
For something more than eighteen
months Capt Bristol has been in charge
of aeronautics in the navy. In that
time he has labored diligently to Sc
cure from Congress appropriations for
upbuilding the flying service of the
navy, just as other naval authorities
have labored. But, for lack of previous
popular interest in the subject, Con-
gress has not provided the funds needed
to permit the full development of naval
aeronautics to anything like the extent
of the development in other countries
Still, progress has been made.
Two years ago $1,297,70O was asked
for navy aeronautics. A quarter of
million was granted. Last year, in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

yourself. or. if you are husband and
father. and want a passport to cover
your whole family, three photographs
of each person named in the passport
over the age of fourteen.
These things having been complied
with, the embassy will issue at once
an emergency passport" good for two
months. Meanwhile it will forward
your application to Washington, which
will issue regular passport and send
it to London. This will be good for
six months, and will be renewable for
two further periods of six months. thus
making it good for eighteen months in
all. This is why three photographs are
required. One is for the emergency
passport, one to be filed at Washington
port.
II one is an American residing in
Great Britain, it is a good thing to
have a passport on principle. since no
one knows what may happen. If you
contemplate leaving the country, or
even going to the seaside or to any
other prohibited area" such as the
neighborhood of any big munition cen
ter like Woolwich or Aldershot. you
must have one The writer. for ex-
ample, who occa sionally visits Margate,
on the east coast. was told that he re-
quires a passport in order to do so
henceforth.
On arrival at this, or any other coast
town, it seems, one must go forthwith
to the police station and there produce
his passport. This is necessary because.
on going to hotel, you will be re-
quired to fill up form stating, with
other things. your nationality, and, as
this form goes at once to the police.
they would otherwise be down upon
you to know why and wherefore you
had failed to report yourself as an
allen" These are war times, remem-
Der, and more than one pseudo-Ameri-
can has been proved to be an enemy
spy.
Moreover. If one wishes to enter
France. he must have a French pass
port as we'll as his American one;
which means, with other things,
three more photographs. Every other
continental country except France, it
seems, contents itself with the wise"
of its London consulate affixed to ones
American passport, but the French
government is adamant in requiring a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

On the other hand, some of the re-
turning Americans, unaware of the
regulations, go blithely up to Liver
pool, unprovided with passports. just
in time to catch their steamer, only to
find that they may not do SO. At best
they are delayed week. the days when
a ship left this side for the United
States every other day or so being now
only a ,roseate memory of the remote
past The embassy officials, accord
ingly (who, though they do Eot men,
ton that. are hard enough worked al
ready now that they are looking after
the interests of Germans and Austrians
as we'll as Americans). are anxious to
have 1t impressed upon, the American
travelling public that a passport is an
imperative necessity.
One cannot get a passport, either, as
easily as one buys a, postage stamp. To
begin with it will cost you 81, or 8
shillings and. 4 pence in English money
if you get it here instead of in the
United States. Surprising the latter
case, if you are unknown to the en-
bassy, you will have to bring letters
from two responsible persons clearly
establishing your nationality. You also
must furnish three photographs Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08
pecial Correspondence of The Star. .

LONDON, July IS, 1915.
n 30 American. can. enter Great
iMll Britain or leave it today with
II Nj out a passport. So If, disre-
q " garding the new perils of the
deep, one is thinking of coming over
here, he will save himself lot OF
trouble and delay. if nothing worse. by
providing himself with Uncle Sans
guarantee. before he sets forth. The
supposition is, in fact. that no Ameri-
can is allowed to sail for Europe with
out a passport, but few are doing SO,
so the writer was told at the American
embassy yesterday.
The result is that when they arrive
at Liverpool, which, like practically
every other British coast town, is a
prohibited area" to any but natives.
they are allowed to go no farther and
have to appeal to the embassy to pro-
tials. This, in some cases, may take
a week or even longer, especially if
the traveller is naturaliZed and not a
native-born American and il he has
no one here to vouch for him or any
proofs as to his nationality about him.
In such cases the embassy, after be-
ing communicated with, has to cable
to Washington. and Washington has
to investigate the travellers bona fldes
and cable back, all of which takes
time. Meanwhile, moreover, the I'M
happy traveller will be virtually a
prisoner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

Here. then. is the vision, of the naval
authorities of the part the aeroplane
is to play in naval warfare. 1t goes
out 800 miles in advance of the fleet
or on the flank, and returns after dark
with it's message of good or evil Trav-
cling at the rate of eighty miles an
hour this means three. and sthree.quar-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

Armored Cruiser
North Carolina, Mother
Ship of the Aeroplanes,
to Take Them Far Out
on the Ocean for Prac-
tice Flights How the
Navy Flying Service
Is Being Developed.
Spending a Million DOL
lars This Year Capt.
Mark L. Bristol, u. S.
N, Director of Naval
Aeronautics, Tells of
Progress and of the Ideal
Toward Which He Is
Working-The Aircraft
as the Natural Foe of
the Submarine a
Protection Against SUBJ
marine Mines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

WOU cannot imagine Kitchener of
u Khartum as a clubman. can youo
He is a member of two clubs in London
the United Services and the Junior
United Services-but he tells no tales
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

The Spanish-American war found him
a lieutenant commanding one of tho
turrets of the Texas, under Capt.
Jack" Phillips, in the battle of Santi-
ago. Some years later he was gunnery
officer of the Atlantic feet under Ad-
miral Evans. On the famous cruise OF
the fleet around the world in 1905 he
was executive officer of the flagship
Connecticut. as far as San, Francisco.
when he was called east to take COM
mand of the navy torpedo station at
Newport There, in his three years
service, he developed that station into
a. manufacturing as well as a repairing
plant.
Then away he went to China. for
service at different periods in command
of the Monterey and the Albany, just
in time to see the fighting incident to
the revolution which overthrow the
Manchu dynasty and established tho
Chinese republic. Twice he had to land
his men to protect American interests
in the fighting. once at Swolow and
once at Shanghai.
Good a1l-round man" he has proved
himself to be. So he was called back
from China to build UP and develop
the lying service. --,-----.---
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-08-08

ton and an even better understanding
of the needs, s1.eS7.o0e was asked for
construction of aeroplanes, dirigibles
and accessories. with half a million
more for maintenance. One million
was granted for both construction and
maintenance.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-11-25
Attention. ythianS.

R. A. Young, Grand Chancellor
of the Knights of Pythias of
Kentucky will shortly arrange
for a county meeting for Morgan
county to be announced later on,
Every Pythiau, actual or poten-
tial, get ready to come.
must be revived. 2S1,tf.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-11-25
COVERS AND STREAMS OF STATE BEING RESToCKED
WITH THE HOPE OF ONCE AGAIN MAKING KEN
TUCKY A SPORTSMAN'S PARADISE
EXECUTIVE AGENT WARD A BUSY MAN
Clubs Are Being Organized In the Different Counties to
Promote Interest and Cooperate With
the Commission

hunters license. OF the $4,000 appro-
prlated, only $420.71 was drawn from
the appropriation in the months of
June and July, 1912. This amount, and
the remainder Of the $4,000, was re-
turned to the state in August, 1912.
Since that time the Commission has
not drawn one cent from the states
funds for the maintenance Of the de-
partment, and it is specially provided
that the state can not give any further
financial assistance, and the State
Treasurer is directed not to honor any
warrants drawn by the Game and Fish
Commission unless the money is in the
State Treasury to the credit of the
Game and Fish Protection Fund All
of this fund must be derived from the
sale of hunting license.
During the year 1912 call for vol
unteer wardens was made, the Com
mission agreeing, should their funds
be sufficient during the next year, to
compensate as many of the wardens
as possible, the selections for paid rep
resentatives to be made upon the merit
system and without regard to political
affiliations. The Commission is crate.
full to the volunteer wardens for their
services and is earnestly laboring to
develop paid, competent warden serv.
ice as rapidly as their funds will per.
NIT. The Commission is not now able
nor will 1t be for some time-to have
a paid warden service in each county
of the state, but even if this were pos
sible, they could not accomplish the
ends that they so earnestly desire unit
they have the cooperation and support
Of interested parties and representa-
tive citizens, and by this assistance ant
cooperation is meant, not only theil
assistance in securing the arrest ant
conviction of all violators, but by Civ
ing out the information in order tina
the general public might thoroughly
know the reasons and necessity for tn
strict observance of the laws.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-11-25
HUNGARIAN PARTRIDGES

In May, 1914, we liberated 800 Hun
garian cartridges; twenty of these
birds were sent to each of fifteen coun
ties. The birds seemed to take very
kindly to Kentucky, and many scatter
ed broods were reported in the early
fall, and in the spring Of 1915 some re
ports were had of these birds. This
fall we hope to get a report from the
hunters that go afeld that will give III
definite information.