The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1915-10-22
Pears lnoeuIated With FUNGUS Dis.
eases From the Apple.

parasitic within or upon them. Such
are truly friends of the producer, but
they cannot be brought thoroughly
under his control until insect life Is
better understood. Unable to identify
these friends or to understand their
operations, man too often treats them
as enemies or minimizes their mis-
sion.
Birds as factors in insect control
should be recognized. II Is not UNI
common to find large numbers of blrda
doing very effective work in con.
trolling insect outbreaks.
Insecticides are substances which
kill insects. Fungicides are substances
which destroy fungous diseases When
insects and fungous diseases prevail
upon the same plants insecticides and
fungicides may be combined and the
two results gained from one applica.
ton. Variable results have been OBJ
tanned from the use of insecticides and
fungicides due largely to climatic con.
ditions and to the quality, age and
preparation OF the ingredients used
and the combinations made. A knowl.
edge of the pest being treated and the
nature of the plant infested is an lin.
portant consideration.
Spraying has passed the expert.
mental stage and is practiced by all
up-to-date gardeners and fruit grow
ers. The grower should know the
common diseases and insects that af-
feet his plants, should know their
habits and life history, so as to know
what treatment to use and at what
stage in the life of the organism. Too
much emphasis cannot be placed upon
the necessity of doing the work at
the right time with the proper solu-
ton and with thoroughness of appli-
cation.
The most successful applications for
plant diseases are made before the
diseases appear because the rene.
dies are preventiyes rather than
cures. The vegetative portion OF the
fungus producing the disease grows
within the tissue of the host plant and
cannot be reached after It has OBJ.
tanned foothold. Proper application
Of fungicide will, however, prevent
the spread of the disease to other
plants. The best time to spray for
diseases, therefore. is about the time
the spores are ripening and being dis
tributed.
There are two general classes Of
disease. Cd FUNGUS diseases are
those caused by the growth Of fungi.
which are small parasitic plants. t2l
Bacterial diseases are those caused by
the growth of bacteria. Under the first
head are most of the common dis
eases. as the bitter rot of the apple.
brown rot of the peach and plum,
apple rust. apple scab. potato scab,
tomato rot, cucumber anthracnose
and mlldew, etc. These can be success
fully kept in check by spraying. Under
the second head, are such diseases as
pear blight or fire blight. This can
not be controlled by spraying because
all of the growth is within the host
plant. The first thing to do is to find
out what the trouble is, then proceed
practically in the work. Your state ex-
pertinent station urges that you como
to them for assistance The informa.
tion gathered from this source will be
OF much greater value to you than can
be derived from any other source.
That is what state experiment stations
are for-to find out by actual tests
and intelligent observation. about all
these things. and then tell you about
them.