Albuquerque morning journal., 1915-08-04

sesslng the means and apportunitv 10 /
make an effective defense by the use I
ol submarines, mines and aircraft.
How to Carry out Blockade.
Inc only question. then. which [
San arise. In regard to the measures I
iesorted 10 for the purpose of carry |
ing OUT a blockade upon these extend |
eu hnes Is, whether TO use your excel !
ithcN words they conform TO the I
spi1t and principles of the essential
OF the rules of war and we shall be I
content TO apply this test TO the ac-
/ uon which we have taken insofar as
/ it has necessitated interference with |
neutral commerce.
/ Sir Edward Grey then refers 10 the
american civil war blockade Of 5000
miles of coast with a small number
/ ot vessels and recalls how the United
states finally took recourse 20 block |
aiding "neighboring neutral territory
which afforded convenient Centers
from which blockade running could be
! Facilitated"
cites Civil War Precedents
Your eXcellency will no doubt re-
member wrote Sir Edward, how inl
order TO meet this new difficulty, the
Old principles relating TO contraband
and blockade We're developed and the
coctrine of continuous voyage was ap-
pled and enforced undar which poods
( destined FOR +bo snel,v territo,.v we're
| iptercentaa bafore tbev reached the
neutrol ports from which tbev were to
be re-eXported
Tho difficulties which imposed up
on the United States the need of re-
shapjns son,o of tbe old rules are
somewhat akin TO those with which
1.-THE allies are now faced Ina dealing
with the trade of their enemy Ad-
iacent to Germany are various neutral
countries which afford her convenient
opportunities for carrying on her
trade with foreign countries. Her own
territories are covered by network
of railways and waterways which en-
ahled her commerce to pass as con-
yeniently through ports i'm such neu
tral countries as through her own. "A
blockade limited TO enemy ports would
! leave open, routes by which every KIND
of German commerce could pass al
most as easily as through the porls
in her own ports Rotterdam Is m
deed the nearest outlet for some OF
! the industrial districts Of Germahy'
1t seems accordingly, that if it be rec
ognized that blockade lis i'm certain
eases the appropriate method OF ln-.
terceptng the trade of an enemy coun-
Itrv and if the blockade can only be-
come effective bv extending IL TO
enemy commerce passing through neu-
iual ports such am extension ls deten-
sible and I'M accord with principles
which have met viii gneral accept,
jances.
SprinabOk Case Oitcd.
Tho mite then refers to tae case of
tbe Rrftisb shin Springbok, seized by
limited states cruisers during the civil
wan while hound for the British West
indies because her cargo, il Was
lcbaroed was TO be trans-shipped TO
the confederate states. The supreme
court of the United states sustained
the seizure against the condemnation
az "A group of prominent International
layvyers. although the United states
and British governments took the
broader view and recognized the de-
veIopment of the older method OF
blockade. No protest was made 10y
Great Britain.
what is really important III Iie
general interest SAYS the hole'
that adaptations Of the oid ruleS
should not be made unless theY are
consistent with the genera PrIleipl9
upon which an adlnl'le1 'eii,s'ie.i'it
right is based. 1t is also essential
that all unnecessary injury to neu-
trails should be avoided With lhese
conditions it may be safely affirmed
that the steps we are taking TO inter-
cept commodities on their way 10 ana
from Germany fully comply we aIe
interfering with no goods WIN Whlcn
we should not be emitted TO lhterlere
bv blockade If the geoBraptlcal posi-
tion and the conditions OF Germany
Lat present We're such thaI HeI eoIil-
morce passed through her own ports.
We are taking the utmost posslole
care TO not interfere with commerce
genuinely destined for or pfoceeulhb
from neutral countries. FurthCr-
more, we have tempered the severity
with which our measures might press
upon neutrals 10y not applying the RUE
which was invariable in the Ola Iorill
of blockade. that ships ana soous "li
their way To or from lhe pl"'
area are liable to condemnation.
ono Fundamental Principle.
rbn note then reviews at some
ionath tbe various forms I'm which
tiagi,adas have been maintained to
shn,, there has been no uniformity
If nractice i'm very essential points
and declares
|rrho one principle which Is funda
,,,ontai ana has obtained universal
recognition. is that by means OFF
hlocxade a belligerent is entitled TOT
p,'t off h,' effeetive means the sea
tar,o oo,1nerce Of his enemy"
tnnsof1,antIv Sir Edward argues It'll
,s i,,noseibIo to maintain that the
,aoht ~ heIliperent to intercept the
~, ,r,ot,@ ~ ms anemv can be linn |
ted inv the waV suggested in the AM (
41Vu '' Wy ""' t,t.rt