Norwich bulletin., 1915-02-09
THE WAR PRIMER
By National Geographic Society

Vienna-"When PetrusTad was 9 swamp. and Berlin was a stra ggling procession of hutS in tl,e midst of a hopelesSly melancholy sand waste, Vienna was an age-old defensive out work of Western civilization. Vienna was a village before the Christian era; was an outpost of Roman civilization and within it's walls one of the nOblest of the Roman emperOrS died-MarcuS Aurelius. in the year 1S0, and the password which he gave from his deathbed was Aequanimatas. When Europe, readjusted to renewed efforts of civilization after an infusion of Ger man blood, started again with fresh ened strength upon it's destiny. Vienna became the guarantee of it's security toward the East.
 Vienna has the charms of age. of beautiful situation, and of a delight fItl folk character. Ii lies some two miles distant from the Blue anlrbe' upon the river Wien, which gives the city it's name. It is builded in two concentlic circles: within. the old town, with it's public buildings and private residences. still the aristocratic heart of the Empire; and without, the resi- dential and nanufa curing suburbs Where the old Notifications once stood now runs one of the most impressive houlevards to he found the world aruund-the Ringstrasse.
 Tn massive lengths. there stretches around this street such an array of structures as have proba bly never been equaled upon a single thorough ghfare. There are Vistas of unsurpa ssed archi- tecrural splendor along this demarka- tion of old and new Vienna, and the solid stone and mosonry piles are brought into a friendly relief by the broad avenue, handsome parks. and lsrge. airy squares. \ city with such avenues as the Ringstrasse must per force react upon it's people. accus- toned to daily aSsC citations with it's chaste beauty, to inspire in them the elegance which is it's own.
 Vienna, the city of pleasure} is properly a city Of music and the home of incomparable waltz melodies,-the city of which the last haunting mem = ory is that of some waltz dream. It has been the home of Mozart. Bee thoven. Wagner. Haydn, Schubert, Brahms. Suppe and the StTauSSes, be- sides whom there have been countless thCuSa nds of lesser musicians in each genera tion of Vienese.
 Among the war capitals of Europe. Vienna, Franz Josef's Kaisertadt SOrrOwing of enlperOrS: product of the East and the West. with the one lis some and dreamy. with the other hopeful and sentimental; gray ?wise, gracious, li@ht-hearted, bTiliiaS2t Vii enna-acccrding to the wondering re- PUTJS pI jIe cO1iSSpO0uenIS---lS I0e least inclined to break with gavety, to sink into the heavy lethargy and de- precision Of the stern business of war. The Nienese have spent centuries in practising under all conditions the arts of happiness. They have learned to mock at over-eaTnestness, at fearful ness, at the serious courting of dreari- ness in the guise of duty.
 'FTiendHuess, sentiment beauty, grace, and music on every hand con spire to make Vienna the Lotus flower City Of the earth. There is only one Imperial City. the Vienese say, and that city is Vienna"
 EPernay-The National Geographic Society says that: Those Americans who remember the Epernary of before the war. doubtless find it a most diff ture of their memory to that of a great war-camp. which Epernay is now reported to be. Then it was a small town Cf prosperity and peace, from whose low, red brick railway sta- tion, with window plants, to outlying garden plots (the miniature farms of the townspeople, each kept with all the painstaldng solicitude of a lady's dressing table, everything breathed of comfort and goodwill. Eperuay lies just behind the line of invasion through Reirns, and is one of the more important links in this segment of French defense.
 The town is connected with Reims, directly north, by a narrow gauge railway, upon which. in times of peace, dispirited trains ramoled along. slight ly faster than q normal walking pace. Like the bigger, city to the north, Eperuay is a great champagne cen ter. It has numerous works where the wines of the champagne are bot tied. and great cellars drilled through the chalk rock. on which the town is built Here the wine is stored until thoroughly nellowed. ChaInpagnes were cheap in the cafes of Epernay, and the supply was plentiful.
 Much of the manufacture of the place is that of apparatus and material consumed in the champagne indus try. There are railway shops here, and small factory outputs of hats and sugar. Epernay has been engaged so long in the nellowing of wines. that it has become zuellowed in the pro- cess. Before the war. it sold the finest of wines to the world. grew steadily mere wealthy. and gardened it's leisure hours away oa tiny plots of ground upon it's outskirts
 These small farms were a feature of Epernay. Often they were almost fifty feet square aud every foot of their surfaces was covered with veg etaoles, trees, vhitewashed stones. or