davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times., 1915-10-28

in number naturally. than the other
kind. but, the next few years will
develop more and more of the bet
ter kind and the better class OF
movie will be a natural sequence.
Mr.. Steger Is making mis- first APP
pearsnce in moving pictures this
week, in the Majestic theater, In
The Master OF the House" made
from play in which he was sue
cessful on the legitimate stage.
Wlen the audiences Ill the
Washington theater next week come
TO the scene in The Yankee Girl
where Lydia Yeamans Titus and
others come dancing irto the room
in impromptu one-steps. hesitations
and maxixes inspired by the rag
time OF Blanche Ring at the piano
it might be interesting to know that
the song she Is playing is the popu-
lar. I'm On My Way to Dublin
Bay" In this picture Miss Ring
wears some stunning gowns. In
the yacht scene her iress is cream
satin with deep fringe of crystal;
another is OF cream cbantilly lace
combined with satin Of the palest
primrose, while a third Is rare
Italian lace with chic touches OF
sapphire velvet With these stun
ming creations. Miss Ring wears
her famous pearls and her equally
celebrated canary diamond pen
dart.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
SPLENDID ADVICE.

The Maine experiment station. IN 6
very excellent bulletin on Poultry
Diseases and Their Treatment" makes
some very pertinent remarks about
poultry house hygiene and sanitation.
in which the spraying machine finds .
use. 1.-THE thing of paramount i'm.
portance in the hygienic housing OF
poultry is cleanliness. BY this 10
meant not merely plain, ordinary
cleaning up. in the housewife sense.
but also meteorological cleaning up:
that is, disinfection. All buildings and
structures Of whatever kind in which
poultry are housed during any part
Of their lives should be subjected to q
most thorough and searching cleaning
and disinfection at least once q year.
This cleaning up should naturally
come for each different structure at q
time which just precedes the puttinA
of new stock into this structure.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
PREACHER INVENTS A HEALTH
SLOGAN.

Tuberculosis Sunday, Nov 20, 1914,
saw the birth Of a new and striking
public health phrase" says, DR.. H. w.
Hill of the Minnesota Public Health
Association. TT was coined not by
public health exper. but by Presby-
terrain minister in his tuberculosis
Sunday prayer. This phrase 'Intell1-
gent Cleanliness will become a public
health slogan for. the future: Because
it sets forth sharply and emphatically
the distinction between mere aesthetic
cleanliness and that which avoids dis
ease Scrlbbing floors and cleaning
windows makes life more comfortable,
pleasanter, and more efficient, but It
is as useless weapon against water
borne typhoid as scrubbing a ships
| deck would be in stopping a leak.
| When disease breaks out in a COM
munity, the first thing to do Is to take
intelligent measures for com batting
| that particular outbreak, not some
other outbreak, nor an outbreak in
some other place. Intelligently to at
tack and destroy germs Of disease
where they exist is intelligent cleanli-
ness. The boiling of water Is effective
| only if water be the route by which
the germs are travelling from one per-
son to another If milk should hap
pen to be the material which carries
the disease, boiling the water is very
unintelligent attempt at useful clean
| liness."
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
BY j. G. FULLER

Forage crops constitute most I'M
nortant part Of the food supply for
swine. Since there is little or no profit
in feeding hogs on grain alone the
swine raiser should arrange to develop
his market animals as much as
possible on dairy and farm prod
ucts and forage crops, leaving the
heavy grain feeding for the fattenlns
and finishing period. Most forage
crops are suited to swine feeding, and
In proper condition and stage OF
growth, provide at least maintenance
ration.
Native blue grass is a satisfactory
pasture for the spring and early sum-
mer months or before it becomes dry
and ceases to grow. BY the middle OF
July this forage is Of little value In
MANY sections, as it is too dry, and
from then until the fall rains begin
to revive it again, should be supple
mented with rape or other OF the for
age crops that can be grown for swine.
However, it does furnish the first
green feed in the spring and Is always
relished.
Rape has proven a valuable forage
blue grass until this gets too dry, and
are then turned into field OF rape.
The rape should be sowed In three
plats and at intervals of about three
weeks At the Wisconsin station the
Dwarf Essex variety is used and is
sowed in drills 2S inches apart at the
rate of six pounds to the acre. The
drills are run lengthwise of the lot, so
that the animals will not trample down
the rape in going to and from the field.
IF the pigs are turned onto a fresh
niece after the first plot has been
cropped the plants will grow up again
providing another crop of forage by
the time the latest sown plots are eaten
off, The rape stalks should not be
too closely pastured after the leaves
are eaten off, When this plan Is fol-
lowed, the rape should be from IA to
18 inches high when the pigs are
turned into it. For less intensive feed
ing. where fewer animals are to be
kent on the same piece of ground for a
longer period, rape is sown broadcast
with oats and clover. Five pounds OF
rape, six pounds Of clover, and one
blsher Of oats are sown to the acre.
this until the crop is from eight to
ten inches high, after which each acre
with a good stand Of the crop will sup
Div Is spring pigs with forage for the
rest Of the season.
Glover, before 1t becomes matured,
is most valuable forage crop for
swine. For the corn belt, clover and
corn make one Of the best combtna-
lions known for cheap pork produc-
ton. Because Of the tendency OF clover to
kill out, it Is most satisfactorily grown1n
rotation with other farm crops
rather than In small plats to be In
tensively stocked. But whether or not
clover is a satisfactory forage for swine
depends largely on the season as al
fecting growth, the stand, and the
state Of growth at which this Is 1ed.
Under favorable conditions, red clio
YER has been found even more pront-
able than rape as a forage for spring
nies. The value Of alfalfa for grow
inc swine has been fully demon
strated in the western states, where II
ia grown abundantly. but In some OF
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
AS Few Fences as
Possible

Fences about the poultry yards
mean an outlay of money, and this
outlay is more or less continuous, as
they must be maintained after being
installed. There should be as few
fences as possible dividing the lots
and the yards, as land can be kept
Sweet" more easily if not fenced, and
fresh, sweet land is valuable asset
in poultry raising.
On good soil, greensward may be
kept up by allowing 200 to $50 square
feet of land per bird. This means
217s or TIA birds per acre. More
space is necessary on poor or light
! land. A larger number of fowls are
usually kept to the acre where double
quently cultivated. Plymouth rocks,
, and the other heavy meat breeds in
/ small yards require fences to 6 feet
high, while fence to feet high
is necessary for leghorns. The upper
two feet of the fence for the latter
may be inclined inward at an angle
of 80 degrees or strand OF barbed
wire may be used on top of the regu-
lar wire to keep them confined. 1t
! is also som etimes necessary to clip
| the wing feathers of one wing Of those
birds that persist in getting out. A
| board or strip along the top Of the
fence IS not advisabl Hens will
often fly over such an arrangement.
Posts may be set or driven into the
ground. They should be set to 10
feet apart with common poultry net
! ting, or 16 to 20 feet with woven
wire. Corner posts should be about
8 inches in diameter, and be set 4
feet in the ground, while intervening
posts may be 4 or inches in diam
eter and set 3 feet in the ground.
That part Of the post which is set
in the ground may be charred or
treated with some wood preservative
to advantage, while corner posts
/ should be firmly braced or set in
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27

| tains--is controlled more by the con-
stitutional characteristic of the COW
than by the feed.
Never stir up dust or foul odors at
milking time. If you do, lot OF 1t
is sure to get into the milk.
Whether to feed the cows Just be-
fore milking Is a much debated ques-
ton. 1t is not at all dangerous to
feed them little grain, provided you
stir UP no dust or disagreeable doors.
AS a rule, the cows will give down
their milk more freely when they have
contented minds, and little of the
right kind of feed goes long way
toward bringing about this contented
state of mind. Never clean the
stables just before milking, for 1T Will
stir up q tenfold worse odor than any
feed the cows will eat.
If there Is any question before the
farmers Of this country of more i'm
portance than that Of conserving the
soils fertility, am not cognizant OF it.
The most important business of
dairy farmers is to increase the guam
tity Of manurial substances and apply
it where 1t is most needed.
All OF the manure, both liquid and
solid, should be saved and applied to
the land. I believe it is best to haul
it from the stable to the field and
apply 1t as fast as made.
When all the liquids have been
saved by the use of absorbents, large
amounts Of manure may be made and,
if it is hauled to the fields direct from
the stable. these liquids will drain
into the soil to the depth of the fur
row slice, and there will be little loss
from exposure.
In addition, the cows will not be
waddling knee-deep in the mire and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27

Good stable management Is an I'M
portant factor in determining the
profits from the dairy herd during the
winter. The first essential Is that the
cows be comfortable, because COW
kept otherwise can never do her best
She must have a comfortable place
to lie down, stand up. move and
stretch her limbs and lick herself all
over the body. She must have sunshine
and plenty Of light. She must have
pure air to breathe, and this means
that the stable must be provided with
some system Of ventilation to give q
frequent change of air.
This need not be expensive. only a
little forethought and a few dollars
worth of material and labor. She
must have good pure water at least
twice a day, or better still, have an
automatic basin at her side.
The stable should be cleaned daily
and be thoroughly disinfected. The
ceiling, floor and sides should be all
smooth, and Of concrete construction,
and the fixtures largely iron. 1t is
not expensive, and they are sanitary
and permanent.
Large, smooth, concrete managers
for feeding are about the best we
know Of today. Judgment and COM
mon sense must be exercised in the
methods of feeding and handling the
cows. Fixed rules in feeding are not
practical.
Overlooking is wasteful; underfeed-
ing is improbable. The cows must be
well nourfshed at all times, but If
given more than they need for main
tenance and production. they waste it.
as a rule.
The quality Of milk-that is, the
amount Of milk and fat that 1t con-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
AGRICULTURAL CLASS FOR
WOMEN.

Teaching farming to women. in Cha.
cago has been begun. two evenings .
week being devoted to this study. The
classes are held in some Of the larger
high schools. One class numbered 100
last season and this year that number
has been increased. Instruction ID
given in the various branches OF aer1s
culture, and demonstration garden,
near the school building provides an
excellent means for practical demon
strations. A number of the women
members Of these classes own farms n
different parts Of the country and want
to become proficient in the art Of
farming before giving up thei1 city
homes and pursuits to take up farms
ing as an occupation.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
COMFORT OF THE DAIRY HERD
Successfully Maintain Good Dairy Herd the Owner Must Pro-
vide Adequate Which Care for His Animals
EssentiaCornfort Cleanliness and Convenience

filth every time they are turned out
in the yards for water and exercise.
Most Of the work comes at time
when other farm operations are slack;
and the soil, besides being enriched,
plows easier and works UP better dur
ing the whole of the next season, on
account Of being made porous by be-
ing covered with manure during the
winter.
When hauling the manure from the
stable to the field we plan to haul to
the farther fields while the ground is
frozen and close to the barn while
soft and muddy.
There is no reasonable excuse for
dairy farmer to allow more than one
third Of his manurial fertility to wash
away in a dirty, filthy barnyard, ana
spend one or two weeks during the
busy season in the spring to haul 1t
across the muddy fields to get 1t on
his land.
Cleanliness can best be secured in a
stable Of plain, smooth, construction
inside. The walls, ceilings, stalls, etc.,
should be smooth and tight, and, II
possible, washable. The relation OF
cleanliness to wholesome product
and to the health of the cows Is vital.
Convenience has to do with the pos
sibility Of doing the dairy work easily
and rapidly. This is best accomplished
by storing all tools and supplies as
near to the place where they are to
be used as may be consistent with san
itary precautions. If a barn is prop
erly located and arranged, there Is no
valid objection to storing feed above
the cattle other than the greater loss
in case Of fire.-W. M. Kelly.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27

along with the fowls as best they
may. without any help or conven-
fences.
He used to think, you know. that
his part of caring for the poultry was
done when he set the dog on them
to drive them out Of the barn. or
threw rocks and chunks at them
to drive them away from the hog
trough.
The fowls were mongrels, and no
new blood was introduced into the
flock for years, the same stock being
kept until they died Of old age, If
they escaped the Sunday dinner of
chicken and dumplings. Sometimes
little grain was thrown to them and
sometimes they were left to live on
what they could steal.
They roasted in trees. or on the
fences all summer and as long as they
could. without freezing, in the fall.
Then they crawled into some corner
of the barn or among the hay-stacks.
and survived the winter, with the loss
Of their combs and wattles. and some
times their toes, by freezing.
Not much in the way Of eggs was
expected of them, and they fully
realized these expectations. Usually
hey did not supply what eggs were
needed in the farmers family. and the
farmer often remarked to his wife:
jour chickens are perfect nuisance.
! can't set thing down but they are
into it, (poor things! it was that or
go hungry) "and they don't lay an
egg
Conditions are changing. The most
OF the responsibility for the poultry,
on the farms, still rests on the women
but instead Of being considered a
nuisance, the fowls are treated with
respect and consideration. as an i'm
rortant part of the business of the
farm. They have neat comfortable
houses. and yards. and scratching
sheds. where they can be contented
and happy and keep industriously at
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
By j. WELDER.

work in cold as we'll as warm weather.
The farmer and his wife both, now
feel it to be a reflection on their man.
agement If the hens do not lay more
eggs than the family uses, in winter
as we'll as summer.
1t Is a common thing to see a beau
tiful flock Of pure-bred poultry on
farm and when farmers or farmers
wives meet. 1t is seldom they part
without asking: "How are your hens
doing? Are they laying well?' and
unless it is already known, they are
sure to ask each other: What breed
of hens do you keep"
They are studying the poultry busi-
ness in all it's details, and are eager
to learn of better ways Of caring for
their fowls, and of conveniences to
use about the work
In some neighborhoods the women
of the farm meet on certain after
moons, to talk over their experiences
with their poultry; to- discuss the
questions Of feeding and caring for
them, and to read together the poultry
helps to be found in the agricultural
sections Of the newspapers.
In1S interest IS not Couilleu W Iho
farms, but is also felt in the small
towns and villages. At the meetings
Of the aid societies, you will hear dis
cussions on how to care for the hens
to make them lay and many a woman
living in a small town, helps out her
husbands income by nearly, or quite,
paying the grocery bills, with eggs
and poultry. from a small flock Of
pure bred fowls, kept In the yard.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
A SIXTY-THOUSAND EGG INCUBATOR

In Oklahoma there has been built
a mammoth electric incubator Of
60, 200 egg. capacity. The incubator
itself Is low brick building ~ 1eet
square. When you visit it, you DO
not simply look into it-you enter and
walk around inside. A building of this
size filled with the old style 1ncuba-
tors would have a capacity for only
about, 5000 eggs.
Under this roof can be Matched. &C
cording to Popular Electricity Maya
zine, $4,000 eggs at one time. although
accommodations for 10000 are now all
that are needed. The full capacity OF
10000 can be ready for work, how
ever, upon a few days notice. The
large capacity is attained by super
imposing 20 trays. one above the
other, so that 5000 eggs fill single
chamber measuring about 2x4x4 feet.
The big idea in the matching
business is to get cheap chicks;
and space economy, such as this
| mammoth incubator gives along
| with the low cost of equipment,
will tend to not only produce cheap
chicks, but more chicks, and stronger
ones. 1t is very simple idea, that
of placing the trays one above the
/ other and, like all other simple ideas,
it has been tried before, but failed to
work on account of the fact that 1t
was hard to heat up such large
mass Of eggs and maintain the tenn
perature constantly at all points. This
was overcome, however, by the use of
an electrical centrifugal fan, which
drives a blast of warm air through
the eggs from top to bottom and heats
the entire mass Of eggs Cor cools it)
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
THE WORK OF THE SHOT HOLE BORER

wood, where it has been going through
part Of it's life cycle as small grub.
BY removing piece Of the peppered
bark the characteristic burrows of the
grubs will be revealed. 1t will be
channel usually an. inch or so long,
and running more or less in the same
direction as the grain Of the wood.
From each side of this a number Of
small channels lead off at right angles,
gradually charging and diverging,
and finally wandering about, to end
suddenly In a round cell.
The BEETLES begin cutting their way
out fairly early in the spring and soon
afterward the females are at work
making the brood chambers and lay
ing eggs. In the south there may be
four generations in the course Of the
summer; In the north, probably only
three. The last generation remains
within the burrows until the following
spring.
This makes clear the principal
means for fighting these pests = to
watch sharply for evidences Of their
work, and at once cut out and burn
the limbs or branches attacked II
an entire tree is infested and dying, it
should at once come out and be
burned. Too much emphasis cannot
be placed on the burning of such trees
and limbs. If a limb or branch Is
cut down and is left lying on the
ground, the damage may readily be
increased. Burn every part OF a tree
infested with the shot hole borer.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
Lef-Openngs
at Appear Removed

The first evidence that usually
comes to the orchardist indicating
the presence of the shot hole borer in
his trees is the dying back of limbs: or
the weakening or death Of whole trees.
AS the tree is examined. it is found
that the bark is peppered with tiny,
round holes, each one not more than
the twentieth of an inch in diameter.
It is from this characteristic sign that
the pest gets its name.
Sometimes the numerous tiny holes
are seen in the bark Of apparently
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
TURKEY HELPS.

No use to try to raise turkeys unless
the poults are kept free from lice.
They should be examined at least
every 10 days.
Give the turkey hen feed Of grain
at night. If fed heavily in the morn
ing she will not range SO far with the
youngsters as if she starts out to find
her own breakfast.
Many people say turkeys should be
restricted in their range but we do
not believe 1t. We have raised many
turkeys and have always found that
the wider the range the better they
thrive.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
THE KICKING HORSE,

The cure of Kicker Is difncuio
task. There are many remedies ad<
vised, but even the best Is sometimes
Intellectual. It may arise from vice.
or from excessively nervous disposi.
ton. One Of the common appliances
used is to swing q bale of straw behind
the horse, so that he may kick until he
is tired, without doing injury to him.
self. The bale will swing to and fro.
and irritate to the point of persuasion
that there are more profitable vices
than kicking.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
POISONING RABBITS TO PROTECT
FRUIT TREES.

The following method Of poisoning
was used successfully in an orchard
near Fort Collins, Colo, last winter,
fifty jackra bbits being killed in one
night:
Cut a slit in an apple and insert
strychnine alkaloid, powered, the
tight amount being what the tip Of a
knife blade will hold, close the slit and
wipe the apple to remove the bitter
drug on the outside. Scatter the
poisoned bait through the orchard at
the base of the trees.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
NOTES OF THE HOG LOT.

Young pigs should be kept growing
and making bone and muscle. If this
is done the fat can easily be placed on
them at profit most any time.
1t is better to confine hogs in a
small lot when fattening, for in a large
one they will run off fat as fast as they
put it on.
Proper sanitary conditions about the
hog pens are the best preventives
against hog cholera and diseases Incl
dent to swine.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27

at the will Of the operator. Natural
gas furnishes the gas for heat, and
is automatically controlled by Their
mostat of made construction.
This themostat is set SO as to close OH
the gas when the temperature be
comes too high There Is a ventll-
ating fan, by which outside air may
be admitted whenever necessary.
There is also an arrangement by
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27

The farmers ideas Of poultry-rais-
Ing have changed considerabl from
what they were a few years ago.
Everywhere on the farms more In
telligent interest is being taken In
the subject.
The farmer at last has realized
that the poultry is good source of
income, and is willing to take some
trouble and spend little money, to
make it even more so, instead of
leaving the womenfolks to struggle
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27
BY w. O'KANE.

healthy trees, and in such cases there
may be little drops Of gum at each
hole. This is especially true where
peach, plum or cherry are attacked,
because Of the propensity of these
trees to bleed when injured But If,
as is often the case, the tree is weak
ened or dying, when examined, there
will be no gum, and each hole will be
clean cut
Each Of the little round holes rep
resent the point at which an adult
beetle cut it's way out from the sap
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1915-02-27

which the proper moastusB snaHt
obtained, The ventilattng tan % ope'
Grated by the city electric and 80
company. AS a stoppase Of vsukAas
ton would cause great losA y Will n
seen that the dependability Of ne.
city electric service is mose tmpon
tant factor. The egg trays are pulled
out and the eggs are turned thrso
times day by hand. '