The Monticellonian., 1915-10-21
Pears Inoculated With Fungous Dis
 eases From the Apple.

l parasitic within or upon them. Such
 are truly friends of the producer. but
 they cannot De brought thoroughly
 under his control until insect life is
 better understood Unable to identify i these friends or to understand their | operations, man too often treats them l as enemies or minimizes their mis- l sion
 Birds as factors in insect control
 should be recognized It is not un-
 common to find large numbers of birds
 doing very effective work in con- 1 trolling insect outbreaks
 Insecticides are substances which
 kill insects. Fungicides are substances
 which destroy fungous disea as When l insects and fungous diseases prevail
 upon the same plants insecticides and l fungicides may be combined and the 1 two results gained from one applica l tion. Variable results have been ob.
 tained from the use of insecticides and | fungicides due largely to climatic con ditions and to the quality age and preparation of the ingredients used
 and the combinations made. A knowl- edge of the pest being treated and the
 nature of the plant infested is an i'm portant consideration.
 Spraying has passed the expert
 mental stage and is practiced by all
 up-to-date gardeners and fruit grow
 CTS The grower should know the common diseases and insects that af- 1 feet his plants, should know their habits and life history. so as to know what treatment to use and at what | stage in the life of the organism. Too i much emphasis cannot be placed upon
 the necessity of doing the work at the right time with the proper solu. tion and with thoroughness of appli- cation
 The most successful applications for plant diseases are made before the diseases appear because the reme | dies are preventives rather than
 cures. The vegetative portion of the fungus producing the disease grows
 within the tissue of the host plant and
 cannot be reached after it has ob- tained a foothold Proper application
 of fungicide will, however. prevent
 the spread of the disease to other | plants The best time to spray for diseases, therefore. is about the time the spores are ripening and being dis
 tributed
 There are two general classes of | disease. CD Fungous diseases are
 those caused by the growth of fungi,
 which are small parasitic plants (2) 1 Bacterial diseases are those caused by | the growth of bacteria Under the first head are most of the common dis.
 eases. as the bitter rot of the apple, brown rot of the peach and plum. apple rust. apple scab. potato scab, | tomato rot, cucumber anthracnose
 and mildew. etc. These can be success
 fully kept in check by spraying Under the second head, are such diseases as pear blight or fire blight This can not be controlled by spraying because all of the growth is within the host plant The first thing to do is to find | out what the trouble is, then proceed practically in the work. Your state ex- pertinent station urges that you come to them for assistance The informa- tion gathered from this source will be of much greater value to you than can be derived from any other source That is what state experiment stations | and intelligent observation, about all
 these things, and then tell you about
 them.