Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-01-12

S;as :;gsslSi;. ~ 49, '1rssS" WsettFggs
they want to sell their produce at an in
fated price.
In his mastery speeches of the New
Freedom, Mr.. Woodrow Wilson has pro-
nounced the true epitaph for the outlived
fable of the tariff and the high wages. To
quiet those who consider custom duties
necessary for raising revenue, one has only
to remember that the cost of the United
States army and navy and the custom staff
exceeds the income from the tariff by over
900. And last but not least let us not
forget that protection has as its moral sup
port the exploitation of the foreigner, while
universal free trade is a logical outcome
of that principle of give-and-take, of selling
and buying, without which international
peace is as impossible as peaceful relations
in the long run would be between the States
of Pennsylvania and New York If their rival
vested interests were protected by tariff
walls
World Citizenship
The disappearance of the necessity for
making unmaking commercial treaties will
seriously curtail the field Of diplomacy To
further circumvent profession whose share
in the crimes against humanity is equal to
it's vanity is absolutely necessary to firmly
establish a world citizenship. 1t is in itself
the result Of a general tendency and there
fore as desirable as inevitable In the age
of communications it becomes daily easier
for the individual to go from one place Of
the earth to another. Every year movements
that formerly were only possible to a select
few become the habit of multitudes. But as
the spirit of nationality is just as much the
outcome of hundreds of generations of con-
sciously cultivated suggestions as the result
of photographic conditions, the time is not
yet ripe for abolshing the right of every
community to reserve admission into It's
territory to whomsoever 1t chooses.
Awhile and pending the steady unconquer-
able march of the development of transpor-
tation, the term world citizenship" must
be taken to mean that every alien who has
gained entrance into the territory of any ma
ton must in all respects be treated as one of
It's own citizens. Then there will be no need
either for extra-territoralty or for any
State interference on behalf of private indi-
viduals who go abroad They would do 1t
at their own risk. The notion that eventu-
ally many thousands of lives and hundreds
Of millions of dollars must be sacrificed in
order to avenge the wrong committed against
an lHulNluudlS may ne De an dTCnuuke OF a
commercial traveller, is indeed too absurd to
be a part of the doctrine of civilization any
longer.
Should a foreigner find that he is not treat
ed according to the law prevalent in the
country where he permanently or tempor-
arily resides, he must, however, be able to
appeal to superior jurisdiction. This ne
cessitates the creation of permanent inter-
national supreme court.
An international Supreme Court
The reason that the Hague Tribunal is so
ineffective is primarily due to the fact that
1t is intended to decide between the claims of
governments. In a world which accepts our
previous conceptions OF international rela-
tionships such claims would never arise The
International Supreme Court would judge
between alien individuals and the highest
tribunals Of the national jurisdiction. Such
a court would have to be very large tribu-
nal with many separate divisions Possibly
some 12O judges distributed in divisions of
five, would at the beginning be sufficient.
There both the smaller and larger nations
ought TO have their judicial talents repre-
sented. If each nation with between 1000 600
and 100000 inhabitants had the right to
nominate one member of the Supreme Court.
and those with larger population, elected
one additional judge for each 5000, 600 inhabi-
tants up to a maximum total OF ten judges.
no nation would be unduly over-represented
and the requisite number obtained. With
ample salaries paid into the court itself by
the different nations, and with appointments
lasting for life. these judges would be as
independent of national ties as 1t is humanity
possible TO make them.
The authority of the International su-
preme Court as a truly planetary institution
depends OF course primarily upon the recog-
milton that sovereignty ceases at the ma
tional frontiers behind which no nation
claims rights that 1t is not willing to grant
70 others Outside these national territories
there are the high seas which belong to
nobody in particular, but are the common
property OF mankind, over them the Inter
national Supreme Court should have fun
jurisdiction. This implies the creation Of an
international maritime police consisting OF
some hundred small cruisers ana gunboats
10 control navigation on the high seas and
70 root out piracy wherever Il stsll exists
These vessels could very appropriately be
manned b sailors from some small demo-