The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-11-12
With Careful Exactness So as
to Make Overhead Service
Most Effective.

PARIS. Nov. 12.-Now that France
has developed an aeria1. force with
battleplanes, cruiserplanes. scouts
and lesser aircraft, which the officerf
refersto as torpedoplanes. It has been
necessary to organize this overhead
service with the same exactness ofide-
tails that armies and fleets are or
ganized, with tactics and manouevres
of advance and retreat, attack and
defense. Unlike an army Of the earth
or water, feet Of air warships can
move In any direction, upward. down
war, forward OF backward and at any
ob1ique.
All Of these tactics Of the air are
now being worked out with precis-
ion. Already the Official reports re-
fer almost daily to the manoueyers
OF an "esquadrille." which Is the
French term for squadron Of air
fighters and soon there will be men-
ton Of. the advance or recoil Of the
right wing" OF left wing" Of es-
quadrilles" into fleets which can be
Increased in size almost indefinitely.
Wells. the English novelist, suggested
the deadly effect of ], 900 aeroplanes
lowering over Berlin and dropping
bombs. The organization Of squad
rons and fleets Of battleplanes and
and cruisers brings this measurably
within realization, and already one
attack has been made with sixty-five
aeroplanes, two with over sixty and
five with from thirty to forty air
fighters,
Aerial Organization.
The "esquadrillen which is the unit
|ofs the aerial organization at first con-
sisted Of SIX aeroplanes, But the rap.
Id development Of fighting types soon
changed the organization SO that the
"esquadrille" Is now made up prac-
tically as follows:
Six scout-aeros (avions d'observa-
|tion).
Two armed cruiser-aeros with three
inch gun (avfons de chasss).
One battleplane with two three.
inch guns and one mitralleuse Sayfon
de combat). ,s5@5
Nine lorries, nine trailers. nine
portable canvas aero-sheds, three au-
tos. 81 :
There is one lorrie ana trailer and
one shed, for each Of the fighting
craft. SO as to transport It rapidly to
any point, and house It until needed.
The autos are for the commandine
omcers and to follow up the uyera
when possible. Gasoline, tools, sup
plies. ETC., are carried on the lor-
ries. -
The "esquadrille," thus made up,
Is commanded. by a commissioned of.
nicer OF the army, who acts as pilot
OF the squadron. Commissioned of.
hcers also operate the fighting and
cruising aeros, with expert non-com.
mtssioned officers and soldiers for the
lesser craft. Including the soldiers on
the lorries. trailers, etc, an "esuuad.
rifle" has a complement Of upward
OF seventy officers and men, Of which,
however, only dozen or SO are &C.
tual flyers.
M. Rene Bernard. the newly desig-
mated secretary Of state for aviation,
has recently given opportunity for
the inspection Of the new types Of
air fighters. The battleplane (au-
on dc combat) and the cruiserpiane
deviation de chasse), are the two
main Developments. Only partial de-
scription Of these craft is permitted; !
nothing can be stated as to the num-
Der Of planes Of the monster battle-
plane. But 1t Is permitted to indi-
cate its power by saying that it has
carried twelve men in its flights. and
that 1t mounts on its huge out
stretched wings two three-inch can
non. one at either tip, with rapid
fire mitralleuse in the middle, Just
above the pilot. The recoil Of the
cannon does not jar the craft, owing
to an automatic device, explanation
Of which is not permissible.
Another Type.
The other type, cruiser-aeros, or
avions de chase, mount one three
inch cannon In the middle and Just
ahead Of the pilot. These cruisers
can mount almost straight up from
the ground, at the rate Of about o.
900 meters In two minutes, so that
they can go straight up to the enemy
as soon as he lie observed, instead OF