Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-09-17
Interesting Statement Made by
a Prominent Scientist.
1hree.Fourths Of All Food We Eat 10
Derived Originally From Rain; 30
Per Cent Of Remainder ..
Comes From Air.

IlTee-IOuTtub VI Ola eAO hoOu We cat
is derived originally from rain OF the
remainder, so per cent comes from the
air, the MISREPRESENTATION part of
the who!e-is obtained from the soil
u This inte. esting statement, is made
by DR.. A. T. Stuart of the Canadian
department of agriculture, who de-
scribes the farmer as the great man.
ufacturer He makes the things
which other people merely put to-
gether in different ways.
The farmer takes rs pounds of wa.
ter, 20 pounds of air and pounds Of
soil. These are his raw materials,
and from them, in the quantities and
proportions above mentioned, he
turns out 100 pounds Of products.
The mixture of gases which we call
air is fluid by no means so thin and
imponderable as we are accustomed
to imagine An ordinary packing box
three feet cube will. contain about two
and one-half pounds Of It. The twenty
pounds of air that contribute so i'm.
portant a percentage Of our food sup
ply would occupy, at normal sealevel
pressure. cubical space Is feet on an
edge. w.
The rs pounds Of water would make
about nine and one-half gallons Five
pounds of soil will represent the con.
tents of clay flower pot Of moderate
size; and thus one forms an idea cas-
lily grasped of the quantities Of the
three original raw materials required
by the farmer for the manufacture of
100 pounds of products. 5s} M
These products are food and cloth,
ing, OF all the clothes people wear,
9 per cent is made Of animal or vege'
table materials that are the yield OF
agriculture. Even the leather Of which
our shoes are made is, of course,
farm product. Silk is spun by caterpil-
lars, but in reality is Is nothing but
mulberry leaves, converted by their
agency into fiber that can be woven.
We know what air is. and water Is
familiar enough. That soil is merely
powdered rock, containing a small
percentage Of decayed vegetable mat.
ter, has long been understood. But
many facts in regard to this last in
dispensable raw material of the'farmer
have only recently been learned
Consider, for one thing. the size Of
the rock PARTICLES. In some soils they
are so tiny, according to Doctor Stuart,
that one hundred millions of millions
Of them may be held on the point OF q
penknife. .~@ =nt ~ Tr&2t@
That seems remarkable, does 1t not?
But take single pound of this kind
Of soil, and measure the total surface
area represented by its component
particles IT 'iy-1 Mt very 1iinEult
problem In mathematics. The total
surface area Of the particles that 90
to make up one pound IL about three
acres. ~ r.. - as5& I'LL # 3s@
: This is in itself a matter OF much
Importance, from the viewpoint Of the,
Observation-Disclosures, for each particle
OF soil Is enveloped by thin Aim Of
water. And it is from this water that
the plants he grows derive their sus-
tenance.
The fluid in question, however. IL
not merely water 1t IL: kind OF
soup. in which plant food. both or.
ganic-from the decayed vegetable
matter and mineral, is dissolved.
What we call the fruitful land" IL
merely bed for the plants to stand
up In while they feed upon this soup
Under the microscope all plants are
found to be made up of little cells or,
pouches filed with fluid. In an
orange or lemon they are so big as to
be easily seen when the fruit Is cut.
Each of these cells-which multiply
at wonderful rate to make what we
call growth-is little chemical fac
tory, and it is they which, under the
general management Of the manufac-
turing farmer, produce protein, fat.
starch, sugar. fiber. etc, with inciden..
tai colors and flavors. to supply ii q
multitude of forms the demands Of
thn m riot ,--r gi