The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-19

which would be of use in case Of an
invasion of the country. In this work
they were aided by the German civil
spies who had lived in France"
IL Is certain that in no other
country in the world is the spy sys-
tenn SO we'll organized as in Ger
many. This branch of the Govern
ment was established by the famous
a Stieber In 1850. 1t was this
man who was once described by
bismarck az the prince OF slcuth
hounds" Between 1866 and 1870
Stieber Is said to have placed no less
n 10000 spies in the fourteen de-
nartments In France that the German
army would be likely to occupy in
case OF war. These persons were en-
ployed as gardeners, farmers. agricul.
tural laborers, in factories, offices,
hotels, cafes and other places. whilo
German wome were installed In tho
garrison towns where 1t was likely
military information Of value could
be obtained from susceptible French
officers.
The present chief OF the German
secret service is Major Won Stein
haus. although that Is said not to DO
his real name. While he makes his
headquarters at Berlin, no Is at Pots
dam much OF the time. He Is an off,
Ger Of the Prussian Guards. 40 years
or age and q man of high educa-
'ional attainment. with charming
manners. He acts under the direct
Instructions of the Kaiser.
He has unlimited means at his dis
posal and 1t is said that through his
hands pass the millions OF dollars
used for he German propaganda in
the United States. It Is to Major
Won Stelnhaus that Capt. Karl Boy
Ed. the German naval attache. and
Capt. von Papen, the German mill
tary attache ut Washington. ar said
20 account in connection with their
activities In this country In behalf
Of Germany. Count Won BcrnstorT.
the German Ambassador. is of course
consulted by these officers. hut It is
Major Won Steinhaus who directs the
plan Of action.
SO too the self-styled German Lieut.
tenant Robert Fay and Paul Daeche.
who are now under Indictment in con-
nection with bomb conspiracics, are
said to e1ave been working under
the direction Of the chief OF the Der
man spy system.
While II is true that Germany has
outstr!pped other nations at the bust
ness Of military and naval espionage
her intelligence department Is lament
ably weak N another direction. In
the branch Of diplomacy It is notable
for tho MUSCLES Il has made For
instance the i~.r'omatir branch o. the
secret service vas unable to ascertain
and advise rs Government that Be
GUM would oppos the violation OF
It's territory by Germany in its attack
on France.
Again. its ~ineniciency was clearly
shown when II was unable to foresee
that neither India nor Ireland would
rise against England This deficiency
Of German diplomacy was further evil
denced when the sinking of the LUST
tania and the Arabic by German sub
marines was permitted. thus alienat-
In: sympathy which might otherwise
have existed for Germany in its con-
III I with the Quadruple Entente.
Turning to England. there ~esplonar,
mas prevailed under the name % secret
service. While II has never reached
the completeness which exists in Ger
many 1t has been very efficient. but
until the present war the annual an
preparation for secret service work
was only 10000, while in GERMANY
Il was said To be Fl 900. 900. in Eussi,
taoo,OOO II in France goo. 900. In
1914 n Member OF Parliament declared
mat anything more Inadequate than
the British system Of what Is known as
counter espionage the organization
OF spies to spy on and report on for.
eign spies o~verrunning England. 10 in.
conceivable"
IL was Lord Wellington who said
there is a good deal of charlatanrv
ABOUT what Is called military intelli-
Hehce. The intelligence department
OF the British War Office Is one OF th,.
best organized forces OF the kind I'm
inc world Its spies, OF course, mr..
IN the United states. watching tho ac-
INVITES or Teutonic agents here.
Inc french espionage system has
@ long established. but has never
reached the perfection which exists
IN Germany. AT no time before M.
since in French history was tho svs-
TEN or organized spying so completa
rs IN the time OF Richelleu. Napo-
leon once said that il was a!mos, i'm
possible To find a Frcnchman who
could really put his heart into the
business of spying. This may be true.
nut the espionage system OF Franco
Is now II OF the most complete and
efficient in Europe.
In Russia espionage has long heen
one or e." commonly accepted condi-
tons OF life, partly due to n pol,, icol
system witch Always keeps anarchy
me revolutionary conditions alive
While Russia employs spies hy tens
of thousands. many ~ them being
agents p~rovocatcurs, who
incite To disorder. yet that country hns
been fillcd with foreign spies who have
worked unhlndered sometimes for
years, only recently press cable des-
patches have told about the
execution of Russian officers who had
been watched by spies in the army and
caught selling war secrets to C;ermans
n AustriGGs,
Thai Russia has spies in the United
states is we'll known, their work being
ERECTED ,arGely 10 watching the move
ments or enemy agents who's duty
i, is 10 seek in every way to prevent
the shipment of munitions and other
war supplies 10 Russia.
Jupan's secret ser\ice ~ bo. Aoo,