davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Average Farmer and pn,ryinx.

The person who could succeed in get
ting up some scheme of interesting tho
average farmer In the dairy business
would be entitled to have his name en-
rolled among the benefactors OF tho
human race.
While this may seem to DO an ex-
travagant statement. 1t is not as much
so 1t might seem before 1t Is eX-
Hmincd into more closely.
The average farmer to-day is dairy
man just because he happens to be. He
did not go into IL premeditatcdly. he
just drifted into IT. lie found himself
with few cows and n little moro milk
and cream on hand than his family
could consume, and he sold IT, and ho
probably gave no thought to whether
It was n good product or not. He sold
1t simply because he found out no could,
and he probably never took the trouble
to look up tho price. or the test.
AS long as the average farmers arc
as Indifferent as this, we can look for
but little difference In tho character of
the raw material that Is coming to tho
creameries.
Just what Is going to be necessary to
interest tho average farmer in dairy
Ing is pretty hard to tell. One thing
Is certain: he cannot be driven Into It.
1t also seems that he cannot be per-
suaded into II.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Facts for Farmers, Stock
Breeders, Poaitry Raisers,
Orchardis's, Truckers and Gar
deners---Queries and ANSWERS
A BEAUTIFUL TABLE PLANT

One OF the very best plants wo have
for table use In n growing state Is
asparagus plumosus narus. MANY per-
sons know tho plant under tho name
OF asparagus form" but II Is not even
distant relative Of the form family.
IL Is called fern because of Its fine,
dainty foliage. II an old plant OF II
Is taken now and broken apart. half
dozen small plants can easily be made
from 1t, and each one Of these Will
soon be large enough to do duty on
the table. a thrifty plant with half
n dozen stalks will make a more beau
,iful ornament for table uso than any
thing else I know Of
10 grow this asparagus well, give
IL soil OF sandy loan. Water mod :
erateiy; shower 1t all over twice n week,
being sure that you get the water on
the under side Of the foliage II this
is not done, plants grown in the l!v-
ihE-room are liable to injury by tho
red spider. 4 north window suits
them far better than sunny ono. The
plant Is valuable for tho purpose
spoken OF above because Of the lasting
quality of its foliage. 1t will retain
its freshness for two weeks aftor cut
tlnB. and because Of this character
istic II does not suffer like most other
plants when kept on tho table for sew
erai days in succession But adj
wise having plants enough to mako
1t possible to shift them about every
day or two.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Orchnrd Sanitation

q. :. Ralston, Of Blacksburg. assist :
ant orchard specialist In the cxten-
sion work of the Polytcchnic Institute
IN discussing orchard sanitation saws:
Sanitary measures are effective sun
PIGMENTS to spray operations for the
control of fungous diseases. This IS
especially important in the case OF bit :
ter rot. The decayed and mumifed
fruits are source of Infection for the
next seasons crop. Other diseases are
also carried over the dormant season
on tho fruit, but none arc of greater
Importance than the bitter rot It Is
good practice to gather all culls and
decayed apples from the orchard after
me harvest is over. Haul them some
distance from the orchard and IL pos
stole plow them under. This Is one of
the most effective and least expensive
forms of insurance against disease that
the grower can have.
cut out and burn disease cankcrs
OF all kinds. Remove decayed and dead
branches from the orchard-they har-
Dor rodents and destructive insects.
Ihln the trees so that the sunlight and
spray materials can do their maximum
service"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
A Feeding Suggestion.

IN InuIuna FARMER writes
I am great believer in shredded
corn fodder, but I have never yet
tried to fatten cattle without Eiv!nt.
them tho real corn in addition. I did
learn one season. however. that soft
corn Will put nearly ms much fat on
cattle aa grain that is sound One wet
season my entire corn crop was badly
matured and nearly all OF 1t was soft.
l could not afford to throw II away and
buy sound corn. so I filled the silo
with 1t and then fed the rest out Of
the shock before I began on the al
lage. had about 100 feeders that
season. and the way they put on flesh
was caution | believe too. that some
of the experiments mado in feeding
SOFT corn by the Iowa station few
years ago. produced excellent results.
or course, none Of my soft corn was
really spoiled, but 1t was not in n con-
dition to feed we'll In the crib.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
COTTON PRICES FORCES
TO NEW HIGH LEVELS

NEW ORLEANS. January 10.-nen.
grail buying last week put tho price OF
cotton up to new high levels for tho
season. the market cloHing 80 to 80
points over tho previous weeks close.
Considerable realizing was done by
longs. Bears met adviccs by fresh Of
ferings of short cotton. and some lit
tie hedging was done by Southern spot
holders Tho market. however, had
good support OF II speculative char
hcter and also from buyers who were
hedging against their wants In the
actual staple. This element was most
conspicuously represented BY German
spinners and spote merchants.
The export movement was on the
heaviest scale OF the season with clear.
ances Tor January promising to ex-
coed those OF January last year. The
large freight demand from cotton ship
pers for sailings and reports that
American mills were beginning to buy
ahead heavily increased bullish senti-
mcnt Bears claimed that the advance
had been TOO rapid. and that n reaction
was imminent
This week promises moro activity.
Tor prices have reached n level which
allows more two-sided market than
has been possible OF late.
Tho demand for export and tho AT.
titude OF Southern spot holders will
be closely watched
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
CONSERVATIVE MEN
ARE ADVISING SALES
They Fear That Any Pronounced
Change In Conditions VIII Mean
slump In Prices.
Especial TO The Times

Especial TO The Times Dispatch.]
CHICAGO. January l0.-Conscrvativc
men In the wheat trade are advising
customers TO sell out their long grain
and secure n profit. They fear that
any change of It pronounced character
VIII be to lower levels. They consider
that the market Is in n strained posi-
ton. and that under these circum-
stances something must give way. Since
the talk OF an embargo being placed
authorities at Washington. farmers
in the State of Kansas have made up
their minds to market ut least n part
Of their big holdings. This was re-
nccted on Saturday by free sales OF
wheat In various sections OF tho sun
flower State at sl.25 bushel. while
that price was refused In nearly every
part OF Kansas on Friday last. The
fact that one Of the larger export con-
Germs In the Chicago market, with sup
plies OF wheat in almost every posi-
ton In tho United States has led in
the selling OF this grain. shows there
is more or less fear as to n possible
embargo being placed on the shipments
of our grain abroad A man promi-
nent In the grain trade says that the
talk of prohibiting exports of American
wheat and flour Is nonscnse nj this
time. ffc says that such an act would
require special law by Congress. and
that tho necessity. would have to be
more apparent than II Is at the pres
ent time: that the only time the United
States ever placed an embargo on cx-
ports OF breadstuffs was In 1912, when
we were at war
There are many in the trade who
look upon possible sharp price losses
In wheat 4 man connected with a
prominent commission house here says
that peace rumors. cmbnrGoes on OK
port. the slackening OF the export de-
mand--or In fact anything with n dis
tinct bearish tinge to twill natural
ly have more than their usual effect
at the present price level: that with
wheat prices at a level where war or
peace are TO control them, makes the
proposition of an expression OF opin-
ion an unusually hazardous one; that
with the continuation of the war high
er prices will rule, but that on tho
other hand any signs OF peace will
cause severe price losses.
There Is likely to continue n liberal
speculative movement In corn. as it's
relative cheapnoss, compared with
wheat or oats and the likelihood OF a
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Fertilizers and Fertilizers.

X. Miller. n Middle West farmer,
writes:
I'm September took n trip through
Texas and then came up through
Georgia, Carolina and the VirEinias on
the way home. 1t was puzzle to me
now those farmers kept their land fer
uiized because ! saw 80 few cattle. hogs
ana sheep on the farms until 7 was
reminded that commercial fertilizers
take tho place OF farm manure down
there l saw more advertisements of
commercial fertilizers In North Caro-
lima and the Nirginias on that one
Trip than / ever saw In the North in nv
whole life. The landscape Is plastered
over with big hand bills showing what
tremendous crops can be raised by
nitrate nitrogen. phosphatcs, and
every other kind OF commercial fer
tilizer that those sharp manufacturers
have devised Why, most of the farm
ers down there actually believe that
they cannot raise anything without
putting lot OF this sort O: done into
tho land every year. They raise very
Few animals on very many farms. and
therefore have no stable manure. and
must resort to tho commercial ferti-
lizcr. 1t looks to me as though thew
were simply burning up their land with
the stuff and paying a big price for
the privilege OF doing So"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
RIOTS COST BIG MONEY

Various types OF rot annually do
stroy many thousands OF dollars worth
OF potatoes. The rots responsible for
much Of these damages are internal
brown rot. powdcry dry rot. soft rot
and stem rot.
The internal brown rot Is always
associated with potato wilt. and in
footed tubers can generally be found
under wiltcd vines. This rot forms n
dark brown discoloration which may
take the form OF Il moro or less com
Dlete ring at the stem end. Tho dis
coloration rarely extends deeper than
three fourths OF an inch, and spreads
very slowly.
Dry rot Is caused by fungus close
~ allied to the internal brown rot
organism and infects tho tubers
through. wounds or following the In
tcrnnl brown rot. Potatoes attacked
by the dry rot are rapidly reduced to
dry. punky, light brown, shrivelcd
mass. II storage conditions are warm
ana moist. the tubcrs may be covered
with white moldllke growth.
Very often tubers are attacked In
tn" field or In storage by IL soft rot
which quickly reduces tho potatoes to
soft. Shiny. foul-smelling mass.
Tho stem rot fungus. rhiZoctonia.
produces on the tubers. small dark
brown bodies which resemble bits Of
soil. These bodies arc tho wintering-
over stage of the fungus any may
spread very rapidly from one tubcr to
another under improper methods Of
storage. While this fungus does not
itself cause a rot of the tubcf, II may
pave the way for such rot-producins
organisms as the dry and soft rots. or
these diseases. rhizoctonia and the or
ganism causing the internal brown rot
only produce a whiting OF tho vine. 1t
Is. therefore, important to treat all
tubcrs showing the presence OF the
brown soil-lilic bodies with n solution
OF mercury bichloride and to discard
for seed all tubcrs showing tho brown
ring dlscoloration.
Internal brown rot may 1.-Two in tho
soil for six or more years. II potatoes
nre grown continually year after year
on tho same soil these organisms win
Increase In number. and. Az consc-
quencc. tho percentage Of wilted vines
and rottcd tubers will nlso increase
until In n few years the soil Will he
entirely worthless for growing pota-
toes
Since all OF these dieascs 1.-Two over
winter on or In the tubers. It Is i'm
perative that seed treatment and seed
selection be practiced in order to pre-
vent n recurrence OF the troubles the
following year. This. together with
the other precautions given. will pre-
vent the spread OF these diseases and
reduce the loss in storage.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
SPECULATIVE SENTIMENT
Is DISTINCTLY HOpr6rr,y

| NEW YORK. January 10.--Speculatiye
sentiment In the new years first week
OF operations on the Stock EXCHANGE
was distinctly hopeful. Sales for foreign
account continued in evidence though
not greatly affected by the rc-opening
OF tho London exchange. The fan OF
sterling exchange to the lowest levol
since tho panic OF 1907 offered induce
inehts to foreign liquidation here Tho
oitcct OF artificial credit measures
abroad was seen In the failure OF low
eSchahgo to move moro than a slight
amount of gold to New York, and In
the purchase Of gold hero to establish a
deposit credit for the Bank of France
Quick absorption OF the Argentine
loan and similar undertakings proved
mo strength Of this country's credit DO.
sition In the exchange market. Federal
reserve banks. lacking demand for dis
counts. wore authorized to Invest in
municipal warrants. pending tho taking
up or surplus facilities Of member
banks. Bond Issues were announced by
the pennsylvania and St Paul roads.
Buying orders from railroads, extsn
s'Ve resumption OF mill and factory
operations In various fields, estimated
reduction OF copper stocks In Docem-
oer' and some recovery In tho price OF
tho motal directed special attention 70
the apparent improvement In business
Increase OF working forces was report
ed from many directions
wheat prices rose sensationally, with
urgent demand from homo and foreign
Hources. Flour prices also advanced.
Further large exports OF cotton seryod
to keep up Its prices
Thero was no special feature 60 the
weeks bond market, aside from tn.
weakness In some low priced issuca In
government bonds, the'reRtstercd As ad-
Hanced u per cent, and Panama 3s cou.
pom and registered. u per cent on call.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11

grown for the trst time. successful
results wero reported In IS per cent
OF cases. In the majority OF cases
where failure occurred, the soil had
not been inocculated. Greater sue
cess was attained where alfalfa was
grown without nurse crop, although
light seedlings Of grain (not exceeding
one bushcl per acre. were used quite
widely. Reports on winter killing
show that wrere properly established
II stood as we'll as clover. Az n result
OF tests OF different rates of seeding,
carried on not only at the Madison sta
ton and the branch stations. but also In
cooperation with members OF the Alfal-
IN Order throughout the State. the ag-
ronomy department has found that, as a
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11

md turkeys tho other part Needless
TO say, the two lines OF endeavor were
kept strictly apart
when combined with other things as
an integral part Of diversified farming
poultry keeping is usually one of the
most profitable activities Of the farm
and can be made so In every case with
attention to fundamental principles. If
given chance, hens Will make money
on farm. or poultry plants, where
chickens form the main or sole line
of cndeavor there are all sizes. rang
Ing from the town dwcllcrs' one. two
or three hens In box in the back
yard. or on the roof or fire-escapc, to
the immense poultry ranches or farms
where the unit of production Is the
Hook of thousand birds. Sad 1t Is, but
true. that not all Of these plants are
profitable. The back -yarder's usually
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11

better demand on export account. will
hold tho attention OF tho trade Rel
ceipts or corn are heavy. stocks arc
neaFy and still accommodating as pro-,
ducers seem satisfied with tho present.
prices.
The price OF oats will continue To-
hinge on tho export sales. and these.
mayo boon we'll taken care OF by liberal
sales for foreign shipment
Bullish Influences in tho nroviaio,I
market have been discounted by the
neavy run OF hogs at tho leading
western markets. including Chicago
and The accumulation of stocks OF
manufactured products Many Of tho,
conservative houses In tho trado arr
advising sales on an tho hard spots
to develop I'm the provision market.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11

IS. but after certain magnitude OF
plant and OF operation Is passed trouble
begins. and frequently does not end
until the available capital Is exhausted
ana the business Is brought to an end
IL II Is true that some men find poul-
try keeping profitable, while others
rail- In 1t. we may we'll ask what are
the essentials TO success In the bust
ness. There are three fundamental
elements involved in every successful
venture In poultry husbandry These
arc: good stock proper management,
good business sense in the conducting
of the commercial end, including (a)
buying supplies, (b) selling tho prod
uct. (c) economically controlling the
labor factor In the business.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
japanese Rules for Health.

EARLY TO bed and early to rise.
Take one day of rest each week
when YOU refrain from even reading
or writing.
Take hot bath every day and n
steam one once n week If your heart
will benr 1t.
Avoid outbursts of passion. Say not
ana listen not to disagrceable things
lie moderate In your consumption OF
tea coffee, tobacco and alcoholic bev-
craSes.
Sleep in n dark and quiet room with
the windows open. Take at least six
hours il n man, eight If woman.
Eat meat only once n day: manti.
cate your food thoroughly. Let tho
diet be eggs, cereals, vegetables, fruits
and plenty of cows milk
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11

and no ranch. however large, Is com
plete without a flock OF hens 10 furnish
eggs FOR tho table and perhaps n few
over to sell.
IL may he safely said that there Ia no
phase OF agriculture which Is so uni
verSal and widespread over tho whole
world as poultry husbandry. The
adartability OF the business Is marvel
Gus Poultry raising may be, and prob
ably has been, successfully combined
WIN every other kind OF farming
known 10 man. One farm recently WIS.,
!ted would seem TO have about reached
the limit In the way of oddItv of IN :.
combination. This was q fox and poul
Ivy farm. Raising foxes was one mart
OF the business and raising chickens
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
TO HAVE SUCCESS WITH HENS
ny Il. PEARL,

mere are certain phases or branches
~ agriculture which are. from their
very nature. specialized and locally
restricted either in space or time. Tho
growing OF beef cattle Is not adapted
10 the conditions OF tho city back lot
nor could II be considered sound eco
A"nic policy for tho Saskatchewan
wheat grower TO set out an orange
grove. There is, however, one kind OF
farming which. in one form or another.
KNOWS no limitations OF space and
only those limitations Of climate which
forbid any sort OF agriculture whatever.
This !s poultry Keeping. No plat of
ground Is too small TO keep few hens
on or 1T least to try TO keep them on,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Automobile Cost on Farms.

Costs OF keeping an automobile on
the farm are figured out In detail by a
correspondent Of Farm and Fireside.
The total cash outlay for n year on
nm automobile that cost $3.50 was s18l.5O
The biggest single item, of $44.36. went
for gasolene to the amount Of 200 gal
Ions. Tho next largest item was for
castings These expenses do not include
housing or depreciation, but practically
every other item. The average farm
automobile has fairly severe test
because OF Its being used in nil kinds
Of roads and all kinds OF weather.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Rnt-KillinS In Manila.

DR.. Heisen says Manila, in 1900 to
1905, paid $4,000 IN rat bounties and
$4,000 in other rat-catching expenses.
without decreasing tho number Of rats.
Tho way they succeeded in getting
rid OF bubonic plague was TO catch n
few rats in each part or town, exam
inc them for bubonic plague-n rat
sampling process. If you please-and
then draw circles around the places
where plague-infected rats were found.
They then began rat determination and
ratproohnE at the periphery and
worked toward tho middle.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Germ Carrier.

During the recent outbreak of the
foot and mouth disease at the Chicago
stockyards. hundreds Of thousands OF
pigeons wero killed by tho State and
government authorities. They were
said TO be carriers OF the disease germs.
Thousands upon thousands OF rats
were also exterminated at that time.
Poison fumes were sprayed Into all
holes apd crevices in tho brick pave
Inents OF the stock pens as the work
OF cleaning and disinfecting was com
pletcd.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11

greatest help OF this food to the aver
ago poultry raiser is in flooding II
during tho wintor months to supply
animal food. When fed to laying hens
tho yield Will BIO increased wonderfully,
and the poultry raiser will be we'll
paid for the labor expended in cutting.
1t Is n food which all fowls cat readily,
and ono that must be fed judiciously.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Brnin Work,

increaccd crop yields IRE roei-i,
the result OF brain work. sauna
thinking and well directed WORK yin,
bring results II costs less TO d. cl.,. p
thinking than IL does 10 hire ~,
in other words. one man well dircr,.d
IS cheaper and more Efficient than
TWO men that are DoorIy directed.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Keep Them on the Farm.

'ro hold our young people on tho
farm we must make farm life moro
attractive. as we'll as the business Of
farming moro rcmunerative. The school
house should BIO the social unit proper
~ equipped for nourishing and build
ing character, so that the lives OF
the young people can properly function
around 1t and become supplied with
the necessary clements OF human
thought and activity.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Protect the Lnmha.

Many farmers have the idea that
after the sheep are shorn the ticks
VIII abandon them. Certainly they
do to somo extent put they immc-
diately go TO the lambs, where they
find comfortable nest and make life
burden to the youngsters Buy n
dipping tank and dip regularly twice
year.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11
Small Receipts mt ROCK Mount.

ROCKY MOUNT, N c.. JANUARY 10.
AFTER two weeks holiday tho to-
bncco market resumed operations on
Monday. Receipts during the week
were small. and tho quality mostly OF
Il nondescript character. much OF II
shipped tobacco from other markets.
iotai receipts wero about 15O.oOo
pounds All OF the buyers were rep
resented and the bidding was spirited
Prices were about like they were imme-
diately before the holidays.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-01-11

rule. it is inndvisable to SOW less than
fftecn pounds OF seed per mere on land
well prepared and inoculated. and not
less than twenty pounds on now lnnd
that Is first used for this crop. Thco-
retically flvc-pound seeding will Hivo
twenty Six plants per foot. IL all seeds
grow. but winter killing, weeds, poor
seed bod, sour soil. and unsuitable
weather conditions all tend to reduce
tho growth OF tho alfalfa, making II
necessary to use heavier seeding to
secure tho beat stand and the proper
quality OF hay.