davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-28
NnetyScond street and Park avenue to-day.
Above-Looking southwest from NMnetyecond street and Park avenue in 1885,.

labor he wanted done, was required To
ill out an application blank stating
the wages he was wiling to pay.
whether he preferred a married or uu-
married man-giving also his na.ion-
ality-and the amount of money he
would advance Gf any were needed
To meet the cost of transportation
From my office in Washington the
card was sent To our agent on ELLIS
Island, in the harbor of New York. \
man meeting the requirements of the
farmer was found and started on his
way To Iowa, Minnesota or some other
State. often in such cases the man
had enough money to pay for his rail-
road ticket.
when the farmer. however, adj
vanccd any part of the money the
check for the mans baggage was sent
to him in a letter. This p%recaut.on
agains. fraud was invariably taken,
though the immigrants, with only an
exception now and then, were honest
and meant to go to the places We had
found for them.
Last wear We were m a position To
supply wheat farmers with 60 600 mar
vest hands, aliens and natives, whom
we gathered up N various parts of the
country. Thousands Of bushels OF
grain would have remained in the
fields and been lost but for the help of
these harvesters.
such. then, has been the nature Of
our work IN the past. We are now
engaged in extending it SO as Go reach
every section of he country and to
include all kinds of wage earners, males
and females, immigrants and old set
tiers. This w are doing through the
post offices, but the day is lear at
hand when We shall have our "
agents in all the cities. large and
small, East and West.
I'VE look across those roofs" Mr.,
powderly said, pointing out of "A win
dow in his office. which Is eight stories
from the ground. Somewhere in the
area within our vision a p%apcrhangcr.
this minute, perhaps, is being told
that his employer will not require his
services after to-day,
"ln the very same area "A dealer in
paper may need "A p~apcrhanG"r to-
morrow. So far as their knowledge of
each other goes the dealer might as
well be in New York and the paper
hanger in Cincinnati. our plan Is to
bring them together.
How? BY having the paperhangcr
20 to the post office, where he will III
out "A blank care and put it in a case.
Also by having the dealer go to the
post office, where he will I'll u an
employers card and put 1t in "A sepa-
rate case, Thus when the paper
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-28

"A p|apcrhanger he will visit the post
office and look through the employees
ease.
Before the close Of the year 1913
every large post office in the country
Will be a national employment agency.
Men of all trades ana of no trades will
ind jobs by consulting our cases Of
cards and persons needing workers
Will obtain workers in the same way.
Inside Of two years, | venture tn say.
agents of the Department of I.ahor
will be stationed in all Of our cities.
big n little, p~urposely TO adj
vance the opportunities Of wage
earncrs, as reads the law, FOR profit
able employment"
But at what cost" Mr.. powderly
was asked. "to the national Govern
mcnt?"
Il do not know" he answered. Il
am not a financial statistIcian. The
cost viii be large. hut the good done
to the country and its inhabitants viii
bc worth all the money hat is spent
for the great object We are sure to
accomplish"
lis it your intention to supply firms
and corporations with buokkeepers,
clerks and stcnoEraphers?"
surely, and also wit tanners,
hlacksmiths, carpenters. mouldcrs and
50 on. including common lahorers.
Women, too, may obtain cooks, maids,
nurses and dressmakers. We mean To
cover the whole field of labor
Are workingmcn-in normal times,
If course-hctter on than they w,re
twenty years ago."
"Oh. they are infinitely better off
than at any time in the past. They
are getting more. they are spending
more II they are saving more, Be
sides, they have come into a fuller
knowledge of their own worth, and
hat is tremy ndously helpful n bring
ing about the day toward which all
just and patriotic men are looking,
Il have never been eNtravagant in
spending money for clothing, but |
have always dressed we'll; MAT has
been my policy II one of my pl as"
urcs. And what | bought was made
in the United States, remember
that some of the Knights of Labor
whom | addressed remarked that |
didn't look ovcrmuch like a working
nan. was hut 80 y ans old when
elected chief of that once powerful
organization and was personally un-
known to most of The members.
"My reply was that workinSmen,
above all other classes of Americans,
We're cntitl d to buy and wear good
clothing. "A shoemaker | said, ought
To feel particularly comfortable in
Calfskin boots. \ tailor has a RICH
to put on hroadcloth, II n halter, !
said, lis ashamed to wear a silk hat
on Sunday he ought tn be ashamed
to make hats for other people,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-28

who were looking for laborers and
also for skilled men. AT the same
time We were relieving the pressure
on the districts near the seaboard
where the market for workers was
oversupplied."
'Only a few immigrants, however.
are farmers" | said.
More are farmers than you think
Mr.. Powderly replied. Until recently
the poor man N Europe has supposed
there are only four places for him to
work in the United States-in holes in
the ground, as he calls a mine: on the
tracks of a railroad; IN the streets OF
a city and around furnaces, factories
and mills.
II am speaking now, of course. of
the notion in the head of the average
peasant in southeastern Europe. Lit
tie, heretofore. has been sad abou.
agriculture to the immigrants setting
out for America. Secretary Wilson's
policy. however, is To show the work.
ingmen who are thinking about EN-
igrating to the United States the pos
sibilitics open To them as farmers in
the West. More agricultural labOr-
ers will come to- this country in the
future, ! believe. than "a the case
formerly.
Under the law Of 1907, we have.
50 far, located 10, 900 families. I re-
ceive letters almost every day from
men whom I have directed to the
West. You found me "A place the
writer will say, with Mr., Smith Ct
Blankton, Mo. five years ago. ! now
a. "a f.pn, 90 $40 .,,., A,1 u.A,,1l
like to have you send me "A good,
steady man 1t is pleasant to get
such letters" Mr.. Powderly added.
"The Department of Commerce and
Labor" he continued, twas cut IN
two by the act of 1913. There are
now a Department of Commerce and
a Department of Labor and one more
Cabinet officer than formerly. The
aim of he Department of Labor, the
very purpose of its creation, in fact,
Is to foster, promote and develop the
welfare of Wage earncrs, to improve
their working conditions and to ad-
vance their opportunities for profit
able employment,
Learning what has been lone to
send AGRICULTURAL workers on to farms,
'''"'H N'''' ''"S"t W 'N''Iu Nlc
service and To make the distribution
of aliens simpler and easier. Obtain
Ing the cooperation of the Post Oiiicc
Department, he had cards put into the
hands of 5000, 900 farmers. The cards,
distributed by rural mail carriers. noti-
fled farmers that when they needed
helpers they could, free of cost. obtain
such helpers by writing to the Depart
ment of Labor in Washington.
"The plan worked out splcndidly,
A farmer. on telling us the kind Of
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-28

80 PEAKING Of the much talked
IF j.tney." said a New Nork,l
Is ,ntuck!an. mot as u pos
sihle mode of transportation hut is
a word hitherto unknown IN these
parts, | have been gathor.ng some in
formation about it.
when | first saw the W ri N print
in Eastern newspapers il WIS stated
that it was the common term for a
nickel in Tho West. Hav.nS lived
somewhat in that section and also N
the South ! Thought it rather stranGr
that ! had never heard the word there,
ana | began making inquiries amoug
southern and Western acquaintauces
in New York. None rs far as ! could
discover knew any more about II than
! did.
appeals to other nearby sources
brought no more information and |
concluded To 90 To- the West for the
desired knowledge. Scatt,. h,.nE ne
of the points where the iitucy lus MAS
iiourishing like a green la, boss used
to flourish, ] wrote to my time odi
torial buddy Horace Mcclure. now
Of the editorial staff Of the seattle
Times. From him have just re-
ccived a letter which So nca
being inf rmation that ! am willing
to accept ii as far as il goes"
Then he read this letter.:
Il think the word iitncy sprang MP
in Kentucky, mclninG the genius who
can make "A n cen stamp do the wurn
Of a two. When 'u.s thing broke a
few weeks ago | became philologic,
My effort, which appeared cd,tor.d.ly
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-03-28
USES AND ORIGIN OF JITN FIX

20 PEAklNG Of the much talked
y Of j.tney," said a New Worked
N~,ntMrklnm. ,nnt rs 4 ms
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
GOT THE HONORs OF WAR
przemysl Prisoners WIN Not BE Sent
to siberia-Troops Piled Arms
and Ammunition,


Geneva, via Paris "A summary OF
what purports to be the conditions on
which the Austrian garrison at
przemysl surrendered to the Russians
Is printed by the Tribune The fol.
lowing stipulations are said to have
been made.
Ftrst-Full honors Of war for the
garrison.
seeond-special treatment for the
prisoners, providing the officers shall
be paroled and thai none Of the troops
shall be sent to Siberia.
Third-The right to transport to
Austria those killed and wounded dur
ing recent attacks.
Fourth-Complete liberty for the
civil population with the right to leave
or stay in the city.
'The defenders Of the fortress
marched out Of Przemysl to Russian
headquarters with colors flying. says
the Tribune In its account Of the sur.
render. ''The Austrian governor sur
rendered his sword to the Russian
commander, while thousands Of Aus
trian troops piled their arms and am
munition in front Of the Russian regi.
ments drawn up In line. The Musco.
yite troops eheered the unarmed Aus.
trians AFTER their last parade.
The fall of Przemysl has made a
profound impression in Hungary, as
the flower Of the Hungarian infantry
was included among the defenders Of
a city which was considered impreg
nable.v
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
GEORGIA AND DEsMOINEs
Two United States Warships "a
Guard the Foreign
Interests

Washington. n.-The battleshlp Geor.
gia. dispatched from Vera Cruz to join
the cruiser Des Moines at progreso
and guard foreign interests there. will
see that the port IS kept open to com.
merce Their PRESENCE is expected to
aid in the maintenance Of order IN Yu.
catan, where the sisal hemp growers
are trying to get their crop needed by
American twine manufacturers.
Secretary Bryan said conditions had
grown more favorable In Yueatan and
that there were reassuring Indications
that arrangements soon would be com
pleted for shipment from Progresso
and Merida Of 10000 bales OF sisal al.
ready contracted for from the Yucatan
government by American interests.
Details of the plan. the secretary said.
we're being concluded in cooperation
with the twine manufacturers.
Rear Admiral caperton reported to
the navy department that the Alyaredo
government, Carranzas faction In Yu-
ta1aAt Ahh tdhFti AfFf httb uAdldH TAI
road
Dispatches from Mexico to the villa
confidential agency made no mention
Of the Carranzista claims OF victory
over the forces OF Gen. Chao at Ebano.
Latest adyices to the agency were to
the effect that Gen. Chao had penetrat-
ed considerably beyond Ebano.
Gen. Carranza's denial Of the loss Of
the city Of Tuxpam, the agency off.
eials asserted. could be best answered
by reference to state department dis
patches several days ago announcing
the evacuation Of the city.
Secretary Bryan revealed that in
the original report Of the murder Of
John T. MeAlanBs, an American citi-
zen. in MEXICO City. by zapata troops,
the Brazilian minister had notified the
state department also that the Amer.
lean flag was torn from the house and
partially destroyed.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
FEAR SHOTS WILL
GROSS THE BORDER
BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS. FAC Es
ONE or The GREATEST
BORDER CRISES.
VILLA AWAITS ARTILLERY
The Coming Villa ARTILLERY Must Sc
Powerful Enough 70 Cope
With Three.lneh Field
Pieces.

Brownsville. Texas - Brownsville
faces one Of the greatest Of border
crises, namely the apparent certainty
that the baitle which began for pos
session o. Matamoras. the Mexican
town across the Rio Grande, win not
be decided without the use OF artillery
consisting Of deld cannon firing three
inch shells.
There was no fighting March 2S ex.
eept occasional shots several miles
south Of the city, and Vina officers ar
nounced thai they we're awaiting the
arrival Of artillery. The likelihood OF
such shells falling IN Brownsville was
demonstrated BY the rifle bullets
which dropped here during the first
villa assault on the Matamoras
trenches, a costly failure for the villa
forces. tn which their losses we're ont
cially given as 100 killed and 400
wounded.
This attack was a headstrong dash
~ ~fN"W AhNhuAfd hiNAt HIlhk Iilitht
The Carranza losses we're 10 killed
and As wounded and two persons were
struck BY bullets In Brownsville, being
slightly injured The coming villa
artillery must be powerful enough to
cope with nine threeinch fed pieces
Of the defenders, none Of which was
fired Sunday In addition. the Car
rama troops are said to have four 3M
inch guns.
Concealed machine guns won sev.
eral brilliant successes for the Car.
rama forces In the opening fight. A
troop Of ESQ villa cavalry, elreling
FIVE miles south OF Brownsville. ap.
preached unwittingly. at town
named nositas, machine gun trench
hidden beneath brush They we're
trotting past this trench when the ma.
chine guns opened IRE.
Nearly the entire villa dead were
said 20 have fallen az this point.
while almost to man the others were
wounded. This incident explains why
so many Of the villa wounded who
were brought here were hit in the
left side.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
WIDOW OF JACKSON is DEAD
Died In Charlotte From Pneumonia,
After Many Months Of
Illness.

Charlotte. n. C-After any months
Of illness aud after suffering threa
days from an attack Of pneumonia.
Mrs. Mary Anna Jackson, widow 81
the Southern general, Thomas 1
fslonewalD Jackson, died at her old
home here.
At her bedside we're Randolph Pres.
ton and wife. who vas Miss Julia
Christian, granddaughter OF Mrs. Jack.
son. Dr. Graham. a cousin, and other
relatives.
The body was taken to Lexington.
Va. accompanied by a military escort,
and will rest beside that Of her has.
band and daughter.
Mrs Jackson has been I'll since last
August. Her last appearance was in
Richmond. last May. when. as tho
guest Of the governor Of Virginia. she
vas the chief figure At bazaar in the
interest OF the Jackson memorial
Mrs. Jackson was born near this
city, July 81. 1881 the daughter ot
the Rev. Robert Hail Morrison. a Pres
byterian minister and founder of Da.
wilson college She attended Salem
IN. CD Academy and College.
Her marriage took place In July.
1897. Jackson was then a major. aery.
ing as Instructor ln the Virginia Mip
tary institute at Lexington. She be-
came close student of military fae
ties and always teaa aH aggressive in.
tefest iu the fortunes Of the Confed
crate armies After her husband died
Of wounds in 1859 she wrote Yolnme
Of memoirs Of his career
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
ACTIVITY AT NEWPORT NEWS
Government Officials Refuse TO State
What Time Has Been Allowed
Vessel 20 Repalr.

Newport News, Va.-Fortress Mon.
roe and Fort Wool, In the center Of
Hampton Roads, assumed unusual ac.
tiyity. All the troops stationed at the
forts were ordered to the barracks and
the big gun crews and mine companies
were started and the searchlights al
both forts were In operation
Subsequently it was discovered that
one United States submarine and three
destroyers had arrived in the roads
and dropped anchor between the two
forts.
Col Ira F. Haynes. commandant OF
Fortress Monroe, went to the Ports
mouth navy yard, It was said aud the
acting adiutant in charge said he could
make no statement concerning the IN.
usual stir at Tie forts.
The searchiights we're constantly
played over Hampton Roads and Ches.
apeake Bay out toward the eapes.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02

London-The captain OF the steam
ship Lizzie, which arrived at Llanelly,
Wales. stated that he was close By
when the British steamer Delmlra was
torpeaoed March 26 BY a submarine in
the English channel. He said the sub
marine proved to be the H-sT. The
submarine was some distance ahead
q Tie Lizzie. Rhioh ran over It as fill
Hpesa. Tbs German then disappeared
ean y EantlaAad the underwater hnaE
N4z EaHaslF damaged or sunk
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
lake MOUNTAIN POSITION
sreneh Wrest Top Of Hartmanns
Weilerkopf From the
Germans.

Paris, via London.--The following
official statement was issued by the
war office.
The day passed quietly along the
front, the enemy showing no activity.
"A German aeroplane which had
thrown bomb IN the region Of Badon.
Vile was brought down by us. The
pilot and observer were captured"
Also the following communication
was issued.
During the night Of March 2G-27
the Germans bombarded Arras with
shells Of all caliber. Fire broke out
In Arras, but it was quickly extln.
guished. The fighting has been going
on at la Boisele under conditions
favorable to the French.
''ln the Argonne district, in the vi.
cinity Of Bagatelle. there has been
bomb throwing from one line to the
other. although no infantry attack has
taken place
After an energetic engagement
which lasted for several days the
French troops were successful In
reaching the top Of Hartmann 's-Weiler.
kopf which they captured from the
Germans. The French also made prog.
ress on the northeastern and south.
eastern flanks of the main army, TAX.
Ing more prisoners, including several
officers.
"The Germans have abandoned i'm.
portant war material and left numer-
Gus dead on these battlehelds. The
French losses were inconsiderable.
"A German aviator dropped several
bombs on the town of Willer. to the
northwest Of Thonn Three little chill.
DIRE, we're killed
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02

Berlin by Wireless.) r At army
headquarters the following statement
was given out
In Champagne there we're only ar.
tillery duels. Ia the forest Of LIE
Pfetfe. northwest Of Pont-A- -Mousson.
tie enemy attempted 10 win hack
ground gained By the Germans. but
was repuised. New attacks By the
enemy northwest Of BadonYilIers and
On HeIEn Aekefh0gI broke down IN
der the German Ore. Fighting Is in
progress At Hartmanns WeileFkopf.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
20 ARMY WAGONS
FOR STATE GUARD
ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT Is Ex.
PEcrED TO ARRIVE 1N TWO
WEEKS.
HOLD PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Annual Inspection Of Company r. "A.
N. G. Held d jackson, Under the
NeW Order Of the War be.
paftmeat.

The Mississippi National Guard soon
lt 90 be supplied with gl regulation
army escort wagons Tbis announce
ment was made by Adlutant General
Erie e Scales vito i ia receipt q au
thurliy from the war department In
Washington % purchase tbis equip.
meHt AZ once ln addition to forty sets
Of single HARNESS and lbe same mum.
her of sets af load harness
The siiutaut+eencral said that he
would order the wagons and the bar.
mess at once, aud they should arrive
here shortly It Is estimated that there
will be- three carloads Of wagons ana
harness 70 come % the state arsenal.
In the Morrison building
The addition Of che wagons and har
ness 70 the militia equipment viii com.
plete the quartefmasteF facilities FOR
handling The entire equipment Of the
Mississippi National Guard.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
Interest in s. S. Work.

ReT. 81 Fred Long. general field
secretary ior the Mississippi sunday
School association. f. advised that the
people Of THpai8 nave organized a
COMMITTEES on entertainment. headed
BY W. r. Wilson, an enthusiastic
w0rkef
Tie COMMITTEES is eagaged In enlist.
ing the cooperation of every house
holder tn Tupelo ln tbe matter of tax.
ing care Of visitors. The convention
dates are April aad 8, and these
win be three baHy days
The yearly Mississippi Sunday
sunday school convention Is one OF
the most representative bodies IL Mis-
aisalppl citizenship
Tine faot that rupei0 has been ss.
ieral as the convention city is con
aitared aa honor to that progressive
metropolitan center Of North Missis.
sippl
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
AN AER0PLANE AFTER SHIP
British Steamer Teal Was Attacked.
But Not Damaged.

London.-For half an hour, accord
ing to her master, the British cargo
steamer Teal was the target of a
German aeroplane while off the coast
Of The Netherlands.
The air craft used bombs, steel ar
rows, and a small machine gun. Ex.
cept fdr a hole in her deck made By
an arrow, the Teal suffered no dam
aya
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1915-04-02
0. S. SUBMARINE LOCATED
Vessel That Sank Outs se Aaneialu
Aarher Fouad a. Ffty
FathemA 81

Honolulu The Amerioaa suhmariae
FA. lost of Honolulu harhor ha2 tnva
located Heroic efforts ars being made
70 raise the strickRn crali. bat after
having been sabmsrsed. tar more tAan
50 hours it was reear5ed as aoub'fsl
whether any of her erew af aI,mea C.;
mained alive.
To TIT the little vessel % the sur,
face Il was found necessary % send tu
the Pearl HaFbor naval station Ter 4
derrick and crane THIS Involved maeA
loss af time and Il was Thought the
fate Of the crew nsighi nor be DETER
mined until dsyhsh
Rescue vessels dragging the ocean
bed with srappllng hoaks Glanced
upon the stricken craft al a depth Of
300 feet Making fgst % the F&. the
naval tub Navajo and the steamer Ma.
kaala began to tow tileir find they
we're not certain that Il was the sub.
marine they had hooked toward shah
loN water, Quantities Of on came "a
the surface. proof that It really was
the lost vessel Soon afterwara a sub
marine marker buoy, discovered TAR
below the water. removed an doubt
that the "a had been found
Just when the marker buoy had been
released by the disabled boat there
was no means OF determining. n the
signal was given after the grapblings
hooks Of the rescue vessel took hold
then the crew, or at least some OF
them, still we're alive
For more than an hour the TUG and
the steamer struggled with their an
wieldy burden Soon afterwards Il be.
came apparent that i would be impos.
slble 10 tow the submarine near eaough
to shore TO bring her 10 the surface md
a hurry call vas sent % the naval sta.
tion for a wreeking ship.
Naval authorities admitted that they
had given up hope for the F4s crew.
However. resuseitating apparatus had
been dispatched to the scene and ev.
cry effort will be mede to develop any
spark Of life that may remain. The
general opinion II that the vessels
plates were sprang through the I'M.
mense pressure Of the water AZ a depth
Of so fathoms and that the two ON.
GERS and 10 enlisted men aboard hayp
perished.
Vessels in the vicirity equipped with
submarine signal apparatus continued
to send out signals but no answers
came
The "a was submerged At g.ib am.
March 20. The three otber suhmar.
Ines Of the + type noted she dfd not re-.
appear promptly, but no apprehension
was felt for her safety until several
hours had passed
Although naval officers have de.
elared the vessel could remain sub
merged for "a hours without menace to
her crew, II her apparatus was un.
It was feared the acid tanks
have been broken and the crew suf.
focated. Il
The fate OF the 2l men IN the sub.
marine is still a matter OF grave apsl
prehension. The shore off which the
F4 disappeared Is steep. and shelves /
to a precipitous drop. II the submar
Inc lies In 80 fathoms Of water. It is
beyond the reach Of divers. Divers de. I
scended to a depth Of 1876 feet. which /
4 a local record, and we're drawn MP
James NJ. Hoggett, electrician. Of !
Mo-. vino was on shore
cave, Is the only member Of the PAS
rev known to have escaped Lieut.
Alfred L. Eide was In command,