davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1915-01-13

The friends of President Wilson
will be moved to apology and ex-
tenuation by his indianapolis speech.
During the last two years Mr.. Wilson
has performed with remarkable sue
cess the veritable labors of Hercules
that confronted him when he took
office He has had little time for
recreation and repose. His speech
gives evidence of the WEAKNESS of
his mind He spoke much too trip
pingly and without due consideration
tho thoughts that came to him and
he did not make good Wilson
speech 1t is below the very high
level Of his usual achievement, the
level which the country expects him
TO reach; and he said some things
that he might well wish to unsay.
1t would not have been easy for
the President to find a worse justi-
fication for his Mexican policy than
that which he chose Have not the
European nations taken IS long as
they wanted and split as much blood
as they pleased in settling their af-
fairs he asked, "and shall we deny
that to Mexico because she Is woak?"
Certainly the President does not wish
tho country TO believe that in his
judgment the right Of cutting throats
in civil strife Is included i'm our ira
ditional category of life. liberty.
and the pursuit of happiness" Inc
vitality the question will be asked T
that is the Democratic idea of the
impending grant of liberty to the
Filipinos. In the prophetic opinion
of many that is what the Administra-
tlon policy in respect to the Philip
pines involves, I'm actual fact that is
what is going on in Mexico Yet
Mr. Wilson says that 80 far as my
influence goes. while / am President
nobody shall interfere with them"
That is q prohibition to others, q
self-denying ordinance for ourselves
II goes much too far. We shall keep
out of Mexico up to the last possible
moment of decent and righteous al
stention from interference. But the
time NAV come as it came in Cuba
when not TO intervene would be a
crime against humanity, against the
interest of the MeXicans, and against
our own. In respect TO such a pro-
verbally uncertain subject as Mex
leo IL is better not to be too positive
The President is almost defiant in
respect TO his Shipping bill. His
mood would be admirable were his
cause better Certainly his argu-
ments ought to be better if he is to
convince the country's judgment.
Does he really believe that with
wheat at S1.40 a bushel the Western
farmer is deprived of his profits be-
cause of the scarcity of ships? Does
he attribute the low price of cotton
TO that cause? What business men
ar once disinterested and well in
formed have encouraged him to per-
sist with his proposal to invest mill
lions of the Government money in d
trade that private capital avoids be-
cause of the 1opelessness of profits
under existing laws? A committee
OF the Chamber of Commerce repor-
toe the other day that since the
opening of the European war there
has at no time been any lack of car
go room in the South American trade.
The financial embarrassment Of the
South American countries, not the
Evening journal., 1915-01-13
Neutrality Thai Is Fraudulent
(From the Toronto Globe).

New England manufacturer, Of
course, is not to blame. He gets his
money and the German agent takes
the risk But it is common know
ledge that this material is being
manufactured for Germany and that
the trick of coRsigning to a dummy
consignee in neutral port is being
practised constantly"
President Wilson and Secretary
Bryan are not the shrewd men of
business most people consider them
if they do not recognize that the
fraudulent manifest forces British
vessels engaged in the suppression
OF contraband trade to seize and hold
ncutrals. Cargo cannot be paved
over in mid-ocean to discover the
copper at the bottom of a load Of
grain. The suspected vessel must be
taken into the most convenient port
of the Allies for examination, and
that necessarily means long per-
iod of detentention. The President
in his note to the British Foreign
Office made no admission that citi-
zens of the United States were par
ticipating in the profits Of contraband
traffic carried on under fraudulent
manifests, but in supplementary
statement he said: The Government
could deal confidently with the sub
iect only if supported by absolutely
honest manifests. The great en-
barrassment to the Government in
dealing with the whole matter was
that some shippers had concealed
contraband in cargces Of non-contra-
band articles. for example, under
cargo of cotton. So long as there
we're instances of that kind suspicion
was cast on every shipment, and all
cargoes were liable to doubt and
search" If the legitimate traders
OF the United States wish to prevent
the loss and annoyance following
upon the detention of vessels which
upon examination are found to con-
tain nothing contraband, they will
urge upon the authorities at Wash
ington the vital necessity of giving
written official assurance that YES
sells are actually loaded with the
goods listed in their manifests. Ships
which take the risk of carrying con-
t,aband could not produce the Off
cial certificates. and their owners
could have no cause of complaint
we're they detained for inspection.
The Providence Journal puts the is
I sue in plain words. THE German
AGENT takes the risk" when he prac-
tises the trick of consigning contra
band to a dummy consignee in a
neutral port. For the Allies tho
matter is vital. Victory or defeat
may depend upon cutting off Ger
manys supplies of war munitions.
The right TO do so will not be waived
so long as vessels loaded in New
/ York With grain turn up in Genoa
with enormous quantities OF copper in
their holds.
Evening journal., 1915-01-13

happen: Either the country must wait for the genera
ton of present adults TO Gle OFF, by extraor
binary reach these illiterate Millions
On the basis these figures Dr.. p. p. claxton Com
missioner Of Education estimates that with
annual expenditure of $4,000 for ten years e could
put forces to work that would by of night
schools and other agencies. eliminate iliteracy among
the adults of this country. The Abercrombe Ilite =
aey Bill. H. r. 1910 pending before Congress,
requires the Bureau of Education to undertake this
in any State upon request of the proper State
authorities and makes appropriation of $4,000 for
1915 S2250O for each succeeding year until 1920; and
$1750o for each year thereafter until 1925 at which
date it Is believed. illiteracy would be eliminated.
There many persons who will doubt that such
elimination will come within ten years among the
adults because thousands of such iteratcs will re-
fuse to avail themselves of the agencies suggested.
Elimination from the adult end of tho situation only
will come in all likelihood through obstinate illlterate
adults dying off.
Evening journal., 1915-01-13

These two questions are not in
reality separate questions. but inter
locked For there are some things
which are not in themselves sinevs
of war. and therefore not individually
subject to seizure, which become
such when definitely destined for a
belligerent army or navy.
In order that these last two ques-
tions may be answered intelligenely,
il has been the endeavor of the ma
tions of the world to draw up two
lists of articles, known respectively
as absolute contraband and condi-
tional contraband. The first list
contains articles of direct application
to military or naval uses. Absolute
contraband includes such articles as
arms. explosives. military clothing,
/ harness and equipment armOr plate
and warships. The articles on this
list are subject to unconditional sci
zure whenever they are shown to
be destined to territory belonging to
or occupied by the enemy, or to the
armed forces of the enemy.
Conditional contraband includes
such articles as foodstuffs, forage,
money. fuel, barbed wire, railway
| materials. Conditional contrabanu
is liable to capture when it is shown
| to be destined TO the armed forces
OF the enemy or to an enemy gov
/ eminent, but not otherwise. The
/ lists of absolute and conditional con-
( traband are not immutably fixed. II
is the custom. honored by usage. but
/ generally accepted by neutral nations
/ under protest, for a belligerent. n
time of war, to make its own lists Of
contraband, which may or may not
agree in all points with the pre-
viously accepted practise of other
nations. Great Britain for instance.
las notified the world during the
past five months that many articles
formerly considered as conditional
contraband viii henceforth be re-
garded by her as absolute contra
band. Herein lies one ground for
disagreement between belligerent and
neutral nations
A second ground for disagreement
lies in the question of destination
There is a doctrine. known as that
If continuous voyages" almost ex-
Ciusively developed and applied In
Evening journal., 1915-01-13
AMERICAN ILLrrERAcY DIMINISHING. ,

+ facts and figures compiled by the United States
Bureau of Education for at the Panama
Pacific Exposition be correct it is safe to
that nteracy is doomed in the United States and that
Delaware will have its fair share of benefit therefrom
Those figures show that OF children from 10
IA years OF age there in 1910 only % out Of
every 1000 who could neither read write. In 1900
there were of the class AZ per 1000 II reduction
ilterary IS still proceeding at even the same rate
the initerate children in this country between the
ages Of 10 and IA. inclusive, now number not more
than Is out Of every 1000.
From the viewpoint Of proportional reduction of IL
leracy, the statsticians say, Oklahoma all the
States the Union In 1900 that State had 124 illi-
crate children Of the ages named. In 1910 Il had but
IL; Delaware had 20 in 1900 and but in 1910 New
Hampshire reduced from TO 4 New Jersey from
TO 2; Missouri from 80 10 II; Montana from 3 to 1,
Oregon from 10 l. Vermont from to 2; New
Mexico from 1872 to Co. and Idaho from to .
The following States report only child In 900 be-
TWEEN the ages of 10 and IA as nierate: Connecticut
District Of Columbia, Massachusetts Minnesota Mon
tana, New Hampshire North Dakota, Oregon Utah and
Washington.
Some Of the United States have reduced their illit-
eracy by one-half little more. These States are
Alabama, California Colorado, Connecticut District OF
Columbia, Kansas. Maryland. Massachusetts,. Michi-
gap, Minnesota. Mississippi, North Dakota Ten
nessee, Utah. and West Virginia
Only State, Nevada, has lost ground since 1900
Its llteracy then a. in 1910 It was s. Two States
South Dakota and Nebraska each having the low rate
per 1000 report reduction in illiteracy be
1900 and 1910.
The States having the largest proportion Of illit
crate children per 1000 are Louisiana with rs ron
Ia in 1900 South Carolina. SO from $50; Alabama
n from 1871 New Mexico. 50 from 1872; North Caro-
lima. es from 1877; Kentucky 80 from 40; Georgia. s
from log; Virginia, 81 from 81; Tennessee, 54 iron
49, Florida, so from 70; Arkansas. AZ from l13.
II is evident the Federal education officials say tina
The public schools in short time will practically elimi
nate illiteracy among children But according to Blu
Of Education officials there are between 100000
and 100000 adults who ierate and can
not be reached by the public schools To wipe out il
iteracy in the United States one Of two things mus
Evening journal., 1915-01-13
With The Photographers

The calendars that pouring in all very pref
ty but so far not have received indicate more
than 50 pay days during 1915.-Houston Post
Although Congress has tried in vain TO find what
constitutional psychopathic inferiority means there
is a growing suspicion that the patient recov-
rs.-Washngton Post
Scotch soldiers in high dudgeon because the
British trying TO put them in skirts that are too
narrow and to short We always did believe that the
Scotch we're men enough to be entitled to trousers
Los Angeles Times
Count Won Bernstorf says that If several German
citizens have tried to false passports to get home
fight for their country 1T Will have TO be proved
a thought which had previously occurred to the Fed
eral prosecuting officers Of this district-New York
Evening journal., 1915-01-13
ENGLAND and America On The Sea
(From The independently

The President Of tho United States
las addrest to the Government Of
Great Britain a friendly but vigorous
protest on the subject of the treat
ment by the British Admiralty of
American shipping. 1t is an inter
csting coincidence that this action
should have been taken just a hun-
dred years after the close OF a war
hegun by the United States because
Great Britain would not respect the
rights of American shipping on the
high seas.
This protest deals with a much
veXt subject. Controversies between
belligerents and neutrals over their
respective rights upon the sea have
been incidents Of every considerable
war of modern times. Such contro-
Nersies do not mean hostility on the
part of the belligerent toward the
neutral nor on the part of the aeu-
trail toward the belligerent. They are
merely the natural and logical ont
come of the desire OF each to pre-
serve to the fullest extent its own
national interests.
The fundamental rights in the case
are perfectly plain. II is only when
those rights come to be practically
applied that conflict and confusion
ensuC.
The two principles which are per-
fectly distinct in theory and often
antagonistic In practise are these:
Neutral trade in time of war has a
prima facie right to go on unmo-
Tested.
Belligerent nations have the right
TO prevent the traders of neutral ma.
tions from supplying the sinews o.
war TO the enemy.
m the application of these princi
pies to any particular ship and ii,
cargo several questions must be an
swered.
Is the vessel in fact a neutral ol
an enemy ship? II the latter, il 81
/ ipso facto subject TO seizure an,
! confscation or destruction. II o.,
former. the nature and destination
Of its cargo are the determining fac
/ tors.
Does the cargo in fact consist o
I sinows OF war?
Is the cargo destined for the arm
ed forces of belligerent power?
Evening journal., 1915-01-13
Protecting the District
CFrom the Washington PosD.

MED the right to vote, but they have
not even the power to say bow thejr
money, paid in taxes, shall be spent.
They not only pay a high tax rate
for the support of the District gov
eminent, but they pay their proper
ton of the expenses of the national
government in internal revenue, in
come, war. and other taxes.
Not only have the people of the
District no aldermanic or council
manic body OF their own, but they
have no senator or representative in
Congress TO see that its interests are
protected in the national councils.
as the interests OF other communl-
ties are protected. They cannot
elect their city officials or make laws
for the government of the city, nor
Go they have a voice in tariff, trust.
currency, and many other matters
which affect their interests.
The Senate appropriations commit
tee fortunately. has taken good care
Of the District. and the Senate IT,
self. doubtless, will adopt the COM
mittee's views.
Evening journal., 1915-01-13
British COnfroI of Gold Supply

500 of gold out of the worlds total
of S461, 5425, 100. Her allies-Russia
France. Japan and their colonies
produced a total of 42,9S4,7O bring
ms the total for the powers allied
against Germany and Austria up TO
S517.794500, or 6S.S per cent. of the
worlds total Germany produced
only $4,000, and Austria-Hungary
S2.1S5.100
The allies produce gold to finance
the war in their own dCminions and,
so long as they control the sea, they
can prevent any gold from reaching
their enemies. even from neutral
countries. like the United States,
which. in 1911 produced S96.S90,O00
in gold. Could Germany obtain ma
val supremacy, she could seize the
treasure ships carrying gold from
South Africa, Australia. Canada and
India to England and could use the
spells of war in paying its costs.
Could Germany also conquer the
Transvaal and Australia, she could
defeat efforts to withhold shipments,
for she would control the countries
producing more than S250,00O,O00 Of
the British gold supply.
Evening journal., 1915-01-13

Philadelphia is fortunate in having obtained. for as
socate superintendent Of its public schools Dr. Albert
n Raub. a graduate of Delaware College who already
has given proof in that field of his ability edu-
Gator He has won the associate superintendency by
work well and worthily performed in the Philadel-
phia field where he has served principal of large
elementary school and a district superintendent.
He is the son of Dr. A. ~ Raub formerly president of
Delaware College one of Deaware's foremost educa-
tors and a man respected and admired by the people
of this State We fecitae the younger Dr. Raub upon
the recognition and preferment he has won in our
neighboring city
Evening journal., 1915-01-13
GEMS OF THOUGHT

All the reasoning of is not worth sentiment
of nomenclature.
.-:-.-.
Whatever conceive well we express clearly and
words flow with ease.-Boileau
.-.-.-.
There faults so nearly allied to ex-
cellence, that weed out the vice without
eradicating the virtue.-Goldsmth.
.r=.-.-.
He that never changed any of his opinions never
corrected any Of his mistakes he who was never
wise enough to find out any mistakes in himself will
not be charitable enough to excuse what he reckons
mistakes in others.-Anon.
.-.-.-.
Every hard effort generously faced, every sacrifice
cheerfully submitted to- every spoken under diff
hcutes, raises those who speak act or suffer to
a higher level endows them with clearer sight of
God; braces them with will OF more strength and
freedom; warns them with generous and large and
eager heart-Henry p. Liddon
.-.-:-.
We see always what looking for and If our
mind has become trained TO look for trouble and dit
Guilty and all dark and dreary things find Just what
seek. On the other hand. il is quite as easy TO
form the habit Of looking always for beauty good
for happiness. for gadness. and here TOO we shall
find precisely what we SEEK r. Miller
Evening journal., 1915-01-13

the past by Great Britain and the
United States, which declares that
conditional contraband is liable to
seizure even when the destination Of
the vessel carrying it is a neutral
pert, when its ultimate destination is
shown to be the armed forces of the
enemy.
There is one other principle that
must be clearly understood in APP
portioning the right and wrong n
such controversy as the present
one A belligerent nation has the
unquestioned right to stop and search
neutral merchantmen in order 10
determine whether they are in reality
neutral vessels and not enemy ships
in disguise, whether there be con-
traband in their cargoes, and whe-
tier the contraband be in fact des-
tined for the enemy's use.
In the light of these established
principles. what is it that the United
States has to complain of in the acts
of the British Navy?
We are protesting because the
British Navy is stretching the doc
trine of continuous voyages to a
tonuous thinness, in diverting, with
too little regard for neutral rights,
ships carrying American cargoes
against which there is little evidence
OF illegality. and in general creating
such a state of apprehension among
well-intentioned American shippers
as seriously to interfere with Ameri-
cen commerce.
American ships, It is asserted. have
been not only stopped and searched,
but taken into British harbors on
flmsy suspicion and held there for
unwarrantahle times, to the great
detriment of the shippers interests
A press dispatch gives an estimate
OF the value of American cargoes
held in British ports pending a de-
termination of their character and
million dollars.
Great Britain has also extended
the doctrine of continuous voyages
to what is declared to be a wholly
unwarranted degree by holding up
shipments not only of absolute but
of conditional contraband to such
neutral countries as Holland. Den
mark, Sweden and Italy. The justi-
fcation for such practises. in the
British contention. lies in the fact
J that the territory of these countries,
has a common frontier with that of
England's enemies, making it neces-
sary for England to stop such ship
ments before they are landed in
neutral ports if they are to be stop
ped at ALL
II is natural for Great Britain. the
great sea power of The Allies. to take
the utmost pains to keen all kinds
Of contrahand out of Germany and
/ Austria Perhaps the greatest hope
of success for the Allies lies in the
! fact that. as matters now stand,
/ Germany and Austria are cut off from
Evening journal., 1915-01-13

An example of the supreme i'm
portance of naval supremacy in war
is furnished by the increase in
Great Britain's gold supply. as evil
denced by the Bank of England re-
serve. since the war begun. On Au-
gust z the panic resulting from the
war had caused the gold reserve to
decrease S62,500.000 in two weeks,
but on November 26 it has increased
to 1851, 100000, which was an in
crease of 1929 100000 on the figures
of August z, and of S174.O00,000 on
those of the same date in 1911. 1t
exceeded by $115.0OO,OO0 the highest
total ever reached in the history Of
the bank
This great accumulation Of fnan-
cial power was due only partly TO
recovery of gold withdrawn during
the war and panic. and to payment
OF debts by the United States. About
100000 600 was newly produced gold
from the British Transvaal country,
in 1911, the last year for which COM
plete statistics of the worlds pro-
duction are at hand. Great Britain
and her colonies produced S274,SO9.-
Evening journal., 1915-01-13

The action Of the Senate commit
tee in unfolding the half-and-half
system of appropriations for the Dis
trict of Columbia must be gratifying
10 all those who like fair play. A
careful apd unbiased study OF The
system of government in the Dis
trict should convince any one that
the people of this city are paying as
much. If not more, for what they re-
-ceivc in the way of government than
is paid by other cities of the tame
size.
II is admitted that Washington is
a wonderfully comfortable city in
which to live. Despite the absence
of self-government and the inability
10 choose their own officials, the
residents of the city have the advan-
tage of wide streets, fine parks, and
GOOD police protection.
There are many Inconvenience,
however. which must be taken into
consideration when the justice of
the organic act providing the half
and-half plan is being attacked. Not
only are the citizens of the city de-