davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-03-22
FOR FIRE PREVENTION.
Pupils in New York Public Schools
10 Be Given instruction,

NEW YORK. March 22.-Every pupil
in the public schools of this city will
be enlisted in fire prevention cam
paign inaugurated by Mayor Mitchell
and Fire Commissioner Adamson to-
morrow The mayor and fire commits
sioner will address meeting Of the
principals and school teachers in which
the "public's part in fire prevention"
and carelessness as the cause of fires
will be outlined
A tex; book containing hundreds OF
illustrations to show how fires are
accidentally started and how they may
be prevented has been prepared under
the commissioners direction. and the
board of education intends to add its
study to the school curriculum. Lam
tern slides showing fire hazards in
homes and factories will be shown in
every school.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
Will Ask N. G. D. C., to Repeat Visit

y committee of citizens of Virginia
Beach. Va, is expected here tomorrow
to request that the National Guard of
the District of Columbia return to yir-
ssinia Beach for the annual encamp-
ment this summer In the party will
be Col. Herman Drinkwater, personal
representative OF Maj. Holland. of Vir-
ssinia Beach: Lee D. Mathes. general
superintendent of the Norfolk and
Southern Railway Company. and H. B.
Leard. general passenger agent Of the
same road. They will call upon Col.
Almon l.. Parmerter, United States
Army, the adjutant general of the Dis
trict of Columbia militia.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
FoRFEITs $3.50 COLLATERAL.
Mrs. Minnie Hiestand Accused of
Operating Unlicensed Bar,

Policemen of the sixth precinct, led
by Capt. Father. raided a house at
319 / street northwest and arrested
Mrs. Minnie Hiestand on u charge of
conducting an unlicensed bar.
Two men, who are said to have been
drinking whisky, were found seated
at table when the officers entered
yesterday. The police Say they also
found a case of beer, 4 gallon jug of
whisky and several bottles of whisky.
Mrs Hiestand, who is said to be a
widow. deposited $3.50 collateral at the
sixth precinct station for her appear
ance in the Police Court today. She
failed to appear for trial, however. and
the collateral was declared forfeited.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
Druggist Makes Assignment.

Richard y. MacWilliams, druggist at
1912 H street northeast, today filed an
assignment for benefit of creditors to
Walter A. Johnston. He lists his debts
at s2.31S.oS and estimates his assets at
S1,760. Assignee johnson made appli-
cation to the court to fix his bond. and
Justice Siddons directed that he give
a bond of $1,000.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
Prizes to Solve Traffic Problem.

NEW YORK, March c2-To solve the
problem OF traffic congestion at the
most crowded street crossings, the Mu-
nicipal Art Society has offered three
prizes Of 5000. $500 and 800 for the
best suggestions concerning the neces-
sary engineer changes. Plans, includ-
ing the creation of new streets or
changing the levels of the present
atrects, will be acceptable. Fifth ave-
nue. and 42d street is one OF the cross
ings where the need of new methods to
relieve congestion is greatest.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
MAY REORGANIzE MINERS.
Union Officials Meet at Butte to Con.
slider Plan.

SPOKANE, Nash., March 25.-A con
ference OF officers from the Western
Federation OF Miners to devise plans
for tho rehabilitation OF the orssniza
,lon in Butte. where tho union was dis
united as a result OF the riotins last
summer, Is to be held here today.
Charles II. Mayer. president OF INC
federation, said that any action which
might bo taken would depend largely
upon rerort to be submitted by Guy
r Miller of Denver, a member OF the
executive board. who has been in Butte
making an iuvestigation
Evening star., 1915-03-22
Three Hundred Persons Drowned.

ALGECIRAS, Spain, via Paris, March
23.-Four sailing vessels with Spanish
dock laborers on board have been lost
in a furious storm. 1t is estimated
that 300 persons on board the vessels
were drowned One hundred vessels of
various nationalities have taken refuge
from the storm in the Bay of Algeciras.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
Drop in Temperature Predicted.

Official spring, which began yester-
day forenoon at 11:51 o'clock, is likely
to receive a rather severe jolt tonight,
according to weather bureau experts.
Temperature around freezing is pre-
dicted. The forecasters believe tomor-
row will be fair. and if there is to be
any winds they will be light ones. No
marked changes are anticipated.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
Variance in Editions.

Like all copies and reproductions OF
any one thing the editions by various
makers deviated, so that we hnd many
different examples of this book. Some
Of the alphabets are shown with both
upper and lower case letters and print
ed in many styles of type; some OF the
hornbooks preserve the PRAYER, Whlie
others show the alphabet enlarged to
cover the whole space. yet they all arc
seen to be related and bear a certain
resem blance to the earliest copies
Usually the letter "A" was preceded by
a cross, Indicative of pledge of faith.
and in recollection that some OF the
earliest books of this sort appeared in
the form of the cross and were con-
nected with religious customs or the
belief that learning led to piety. From
the cross came the term "cross-cross-
row." which was applied to both the
alphabet and the hornbook as early as
the fifteenth century and as late the
eighteenth. although many forms Of
spelling were used. Even today the
Somerset shire folk of England term
the alphabet the "cross-cross-iane."
Evening star., 1915-03-22
Tired Schoolmaster's Invention.

These forbears Of the primer IRE sup
posed to have been invented by an
overworked schoolmaster who. tired
of constantly making new and careful
copies Of the alphabet and figures Tor
his careless pupils to destroy and lose'
devised the plan of making his copies
more durable by attaching them 70
wooden plaques and covering theIil
with thin sheets of horn. The first ar
rangements of this sort, which are sup
posed to have appeared in about l4oo,
although some alphabetical tablets
may have preceded them. comprised
the alphabet, the digits and the Lords
Prayer in Latin. The earliest ones
were hand written. but after the in
yention OF movable type they were
printed in black and Roman type.
The first English hornbooks appeared
in the early part of the sixteenth cen
tury, from which period until the reign
of George il they were common ana
very popular They are mentioned in
English literature and are the subject
of a poem by Thomas T!cken. CO.
Temporary OF Addison and steele; wnlle
Shakespeare, Bunyan, Beacham and
Ben Jonson also write OF them. The
hornbook is depicted in many works or
art, cuts and prints Of the fiiteenth,
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 1t
was probably brought to America by
the early settlers, that their children
might continue their studies and learn
to read, and it Is alluded to by our
countrymen in writings, journals ana
SO forth dated 110S. 1116 and 1850. al
though scarcely any originals exist to-
Evening star., 1915-03-22
MARRIED..

SOUTHCOMB-SCHWAR. On Wednesday, March
L. 1915 by the Rev. f. f. McManus OF
Upper Marlboro Md. KATHERINE B.
SCHwAB and GILLESPIE b. SOUTH
COME.
TOwNSEND-CHANDLER On March q. 1915.
at Alexandria. Va, by the Rev. {. r. Straus
burg. ARTHUR II. TOWNSEND and CARRIE
G CHANDLER.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
TREATISE ON HORNBOOK
Of AN ANCIENT PERIOD
Smithsonian Institution in Posses
sion of Remarkable Two
Volume Work.
Describes and Illustrates Old-Time
Method of Imparting Instruction
in the Schools.

Most of US learned our \ i Cs from
primer or "A large paper placard hung
on the schooIroom wall. but our grand
parents, our sreat-Srandparents ana
several generations before them learn
cd their lett ers from a hornbook. once
a common object i'll the hands of every
schoolchild. cspcciail. in Eng'and anu
America, this early iirst-lesson eook
is strangely enough now almost eN-
tinct.
The hornbooi consisted of a sheet Oh
paper inscribed with the alphabet. tue
nine digits and sometimes the lnNoca-
ton and the Lords Prayer, attached TO
a square board covered with 4 thin
sheet of transparent horn to prevent
the copy being torn or soiled oy 'he
dirty fingers Of the youthful students.
1t had a handle, usually at the bottom
formed by the extension of the board.
The reverse was ornamented Win q
picture or design either on paper or
leather, the wood. horn and paper or
leather being held together by a mar
row frame or border of brass or leath-
er tackled on.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
Resembled Butter Paddle.

In general the hornbook had the ap-
pearance of an ornamented mooerh
butter paddle, or short -hladed bat. LOT
which 1t seems they were often used,
being termed "battledores.' Most of
them had hole in the handle, through
which string or ribbon was passed
to form q loop, and thereby enable the
scholar TO carry it hung over ms arm
attached to his girdle. thus preventing
Its loss.
The Smithsonian Institution is IN
possession of a remarkable two-Noi-
ume work by Andrew ". Tuer. FAs. A.,
in which the author presents am m
teresting treatise on the history OF the
hornbook. The volumes are profuseiy
illustrated, showing reproductions OF
hornbooks of different types and
periods, many of which are on eXhi-
bition in the division OF graphic arts
in the United States National Museum.
Mr.. Tuer estimates that there are per-
haps about $50 of these relics now
in existence most of which have been
unearthed since the exhibit OF the
Worshipful Company of Horners held
at the Mansion House, London, III
1852. at which time only eight horn
books were known to exist. He states
that without the assistance of the press
he would never have heard of a quar-
ter of the examples of these rare
curios described and illustrated in his
work
Evening star., 1915-03-22

Chief Judge William Gassman, who
in November would have completed
twelve years service upon the bench,
died at his home in Hagerstown. Md.
aged eighty years. of heart trouble
and dropSy.
Evening star., 1915-03-22
Many Trades Compete.

Many trades entered into the con-
struction of the hornbooh--one writer
having estimated thirty-yet it's cost
of production must have been insignifi-
cant, since it sold for only one or two
pence per copy, although, not long
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-02-16
THE AMERICAN DISEASE

Neurasthenia may be called dis
tinctiVely American disease because
the condition of the nervous strain that
produces it is more prevalent here than
in any other country. Overwork and
worry, ambition, haste, the high ten
sion at which business is conducted
all use up the nerve force and produce
neurasthenia, for the disease Is simply
exhaustion and excessive irrita )ility Of
the nerve centers.
tendency to neuraSthenia is in
herited by many Americans whose an
cestors had but a small stock of nerv-
Gus energy to'bequeath. Grief, excess
sive worry or disappointment in love.
business or school work may cause
neurasthenia.
The symptoms include a feeling OF
exhaustion upon rising in the morning,
of disturbed sleep, headache, with a
sense of weight and tightness about
the head The patient is irritable, diff
ficult to please, and suffers from de-
preston.
The treatment is to remove the
cause If possible Gas when overstudy is
responsible) take abundant rest, spend
ten hours in bed out of every twenty
four. eat as much nourishing food as
possible and take DIR. Williams Pink
Pills to restore the nerves. Send to-
day for our free booklet on Nervous
Disorders" Address: DR.. Williams
Medicine Co.. Schenectady, n. Y. Your
own druggist sells DIR. Williams Pink
lls.-AdVertiSement
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-02-16
TWO SIDES OF THE STORY

THEN men VINO started at the bot
tom of the ladder as boys to-
= gether in an Eastern Pennsyl-
vania mill and who have reached
positions of dignity, Importance and
their success by forming a public well
fare association for the benefit OF their
own town.
In the aggregate they have worked
for this one firm total of 322 years
Starting as apprentices or office boys,
without pull or favor, by twenty-five
years or more of persevering effort
they have worked up to the most i'm
portant positions in the great mill
Each one had to start at the bottom
of the ladder and climb it rung by
rung. Most of them were less than 13
most of them have served the COM
pany from the time they were boys
until to-day. Forty-three years is the
record of one of them, and all have
been in the mill for more than TWEEN
ty-fve years.
L Ilt SlOiN VI llitli IiSc ITOlll lilG DOSl-
ton of office boy to cashier, or doffer
boy to department head, is the same
story of honesty, hard work, inteIh-
gencc and energy that has come to be
recognized as the typical story of sue
cess in America.
Many who were their friends in
youth and started up the ladder with
them have dropped away-some, un-
successful, leaving the mill, some dis
charged, some dead. The ten who re-
main have drawn closer together year
by year until to-day they form a band
of friends such as is not often found.
This is the sort of service that has
made the industries of America the
wonder of the world-service that
benefits and advances the worthy en-
ploye as well as the employer, that
permits men to rise by merit from the
ranks to share in the profits and the
wealth they are helping to create.
And the most remarkable part of
it all is that these ten men are all
employees OF the Joseph Grundy mill
at Bristol, a manufacturer whose
enemies have charged him with being
not only an enemy of labor, but a
grinder of the worst type. 1t is hard
to picture man such as Grundy has
been accused of being, encouraging
doffer boys TO become superintendent
and managers and permitting them to
share in the profits of his concern to
the extent of becoming more than
comfortably wealthy. The two ac-
counts are singularly ,at variance.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-02-16

Cleveland, Mr.. Taft has so conducted
himself out of Office that he has risen
to new pinnacles of respect and conf
dence in the public mind.
He is beyond question America s
greatest statesman of the present day.
His recent utterances have all the
weight of rich experience, to which is
added statecraft of no mean ability,
combined with that other ali too rare
product-common sense. Articles on
national economy in current issues of
the Saturday Evening Post shed II
new light upon his administration. He
is big, broad man of earnest con-
victlons and what he will have to say
upon the occasion of his visit to Hhar-
risburg will no doubt be OF general in
terest and we'll worth hearing. The
Academy is to be congratulated upon
its success in procuring his services.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-02-16
HOME WORK FOR STUDENTS

~OUNTY SUPERINTENDEN
SHAMBAUGH has worked out a
~ plan whereby the boys and girls
of the public schools of Dauphin
county may be given proper credit for
home work. 1t is not the thought of
Professor Shambaugh to load the stu
dent with additional studies out of
school, but to encourage the lads and
lassies who make up the classes under
his direction to learn the ways of in
dustry by helping father and mother
with home duties
For instance, the boy or girl who
builds the fire in the morning is given
one credit, turning the cream sepa-
rator earns two credits, gathering the
eggs earns one credit, making and
baking bread earns ten credits, now
ing the lawn earns ten credits, and so
on throughout the long list of those
household tasks generally known as
chores.
But the County Superintendent is
not content with this. He would i'm
prove the health of his pupils by Civ
. o'clock in the evening, brushing the
teeth, sleeping with the window open,
etc.
Father and mother are provided
with the credit marks and only those
who earn them will get them. At the
end of the school term diplomas are
to be given to those who have earned
them in this way and it will be a
proud day for Johnny or Sally when
he or she marches forward TO receive
q certificate of efficiency in home and
farm duties
Professor Shambaugh has instituted
number of improvements in the
school system since he was elected
less than year ago, but we can think
of nothing so well worth while as this
The County Commissioners will be en-
tirely justified in paying whatever bills
the Superintendent may of necessity
contract to put this plan into full
operation.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-02-16
MIR. M!ANNINGs PLAN

T HARRISBURG people will watch
- with interest for the develop
4 = ment of the rough plans War
rem II. Manning has drawn as
suggestion for the improvement Of
the Capitol Park extension zone. Mr..
Manning, as landscape engineer for
the City Planning Commission. has
thought it proper to lay before that
body some ideas for the development
of this large tract of land so rapidly
being acquired by the State for a
larger Capitol Park. While he has
not been commissioned to undertake
this work for the Commonwealth, 1t
is nevertheless proper and entirely
within his scope of duty to let our city
planners have his ideas on the subject.
1t will be but very short time be-
fore the State will be face to face with
the task of beautifying the land now
being purchased and it will not do to
walt until the property has all been
acquired and the buildings removed to
begin to consider ways for this de-
Velopment. Now is the time to take
the matter up. 1t will be task of
no mean proportions, and no one man
will do all of the planning and design
ing. The State should be glad to get
the views of the city on the subject,
in view of the fact that
as municipality is gladly
giving up a vast amount of revenue in
taxes and not an inconsiderable
of land in streets to be aban-
doned in order that the State may
have proper setting for its hand
some Capitol.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-02-16
PRESIDENT TAFT COMING

( TARRlsBURG has been fortu-
II nate in the number of noted
4 men VINO have spoken here
during the past winter and the
climax will be reached with the com
ing OF eN-President William Howard
TAFT. who will lecture on Thursdas $
evening, April 15. under the auspices
of the Spectator Staff of the Harris
burg Academy
President Taft enjoys a greater pop
ularity in the United States to-day
than when he was triumphantIy elect
ed TO the Presidency. No man in the
history of this country was more mis-
understood or abused than President
Taft during the closing days of his
administration. Maligned by enemies.
attacked for selfish reasons by trait
orous friends as ungratcful as those
who slew Caesar, and placed in false
position by circumstances over which
he had no control the then occupant
OF the White House went down to dis
astrous defeat But. like Grover
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-02-16
LETERST0THE:ED!T0R
"ALL TO THE GOOD,

To the Editor Of the Telegraph:
Dear sir: Your recent editorials in
favor of the conservation of American
wheat to feed the American people are
''all TO the good" They are "all wool
and a yard vida" They hit the nail
sane reason why the United States
should traffic in blood money" and
prolonS the horrors of the war. in
comparison with which Dante's I'm
fcrno" and Milton's Paradise Lost
pale into insignificance. If all the
papers would follow suit it is like
ly that there would be "sumpin a
doin' before long" There might be a
repetition of the Boston Tea Party,
but the wheat would not be pitched
overheard into the harbor" but into
the stomachs of hungry American
workers. The necessity for and justi-
fication of a New York, Philadelphia
or Baltimore wheat party is one hun
dred times as great as that of the
Colonial Tea Party at Boston. Amer
lean food and clothing for Americans
should be our slogan. For the sake
of our own security and immunity we
should most decidedly refuse to fur
nish the sinews of war to any of the
belligerents They, no doubt would
like to draw us into this horrible mael-
strom, and would be diligently second
Gu ana aDelled DN the JlnSOeS OF the
United States. The only way to main
tain absolute peace with all the rest
of the world is to "avoid entanglmg
alliances" deal justly with all man
kind. and above all make it impossible
for any one to declare war unless a
majority of the people omen and wo-
mem voted in favor of it. Then COM
pei all those who voted for war to go
to the front, the firing line" and re-
main there until they were all killed
or 'licked"--or victorious. No substi-
tutes should be allowed at any price or
under any circumstances. If they
voted for hell" let them go to war
and get it. Many of the jingoes
would think twice before voting. To
prevent war it will be absolutely neces
sary to make public all negotiations
between other nations and our own, so
that they can vote intelligently on the
question. Otherwise the jingoes would
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-02-16
THE LAST GAME
by Wing DinGcr

O. gee, but I feel punk to-day:
It's not much wonder though.
Because last night I stayed up late.
1t Happened this way, bo:
My wife, with wives of three good
friends,
Went to the picture show.
The bubbles gathered at my home
To play some cards you know.
We played until our wives came home.
And then we played some more,
Till finally the hour was late,
We all looked at the score.
The last game then we said we'd play,
But everybody stayed,
And I'll bet thirty-two last" games
At least by us We're played.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-02-16

fool them into war like school boys do.
They say to Sam Jones. Bill Smith
says he can lick you" Sam says hes
a liar, he can't" Then they tell Bill
that Sam called him a liar. and Bill
and Sam fight like Kilkenny cats, just
Jas they are doing in Europe to-day.
They fraternizc and play games one
minute and murder each other the
next, because they are fooled and CO.
creed
The kaisers, czars, emperors and
kings are also coerced. They are the
the jackals who do the hunting Crun-
ming down the game) for the lazy
lions, the vested interests, frenzied
financiers" who have more millions
than they can count or know what to
do with. The jackals get the bones
the lions the meat The workers of
the world furnish both. When they
rumors of war. They will ''go out on
strike" against war. They will say
to each other, brothers why should
we fight we have nothing to gain and
everything (even our lives) to lose
| by fighting. They will hamstring the
tions and jackals, pull out all their
teeth and compel them to work at
some useful and productive { instead
of destructive) occupation.
The Little Old Appeal gives good
cure for the war fever" Let the
great and only" r. RS well beloved
ideal, young men who are not only
willing but anxious to fight" go into
their backyards, dig trenches, fill
them with water, and shoot at each
other. Standing in icy water lodging
bullets would effectually dampen their
! lpatriotic ardor and give them enough
| good common horse sense to vote
against war. Let us have peace" A
! half century ago we had our "eye
teeth pulled" incidentally discovering
that war is hell" Our European
brethren are horribly engaged in maxi
| ing the same discovery. Let us hasten
the end of the war by refusing to laid
or abet" either side by furnishing food,
clothing or any munitions of war
This is the only sane and humane
method for us to pursue. The sooner