The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-10

considerable PORTION OF the neat So.
left in the gases, transferring it TO tht
feed water, so that the water as Tec
, to the boilers is very hot Before tns
iced water goes to the economizer !.
lis passed through feed water heater
which is usually a large cast iron YES
sci, where i. is mixed with exhsus'
steam from the various auxiliary az
paratus around the plant, which heats
it up 10 practically the temperature OF
the exhaust steam or eia degrees. TIE
/ economi1er further raises this temper
allure from 10 to so degrees, mskins
the temperature of the water as 1t en-
tiers the boiler ESQ to eco degrees
I! From the boiler the steam is con
3veysd by means of pipes to the tur
hine. The turbine is a heat engine
I that is, its power is derived from tnH
as supplied. The steam after passinS
| through the turbine Is discharged IN
TO the condenser, which is a large
number of small tubes through which
i is circulated cold water. The steam
as il comes in contact with these colo
tubes is condensed to water which Is
removed from the condenser by suit
able pump Such air and non-condens-
steam are taken out OF the condenser
by means of a vacuum pump. The OBJ
ject Of the condenser as applied TO
the turbine is 10 reduce the final
temperature of steam. which makes il
possible to utilize mere OF the heat IN
the steam: therefore allowing the tu--
bine 10 develop more power trom a
given quantity of steam. With the
condenser apparatus now ayailanis,
with reasonably cold water that Is.
say 65 degrees. il is possible to main
tain on 3 turbine 2 vacuum Of 20 in
OF mercury The absolutely perfect
vacuum at sea level would correspond
10 80 in OF mercury AS stated above,
the turbine is a heat engine. If it was
used without the condenser the heat
available for power would be the heat
IN the steam as il entered the turbine
less the heat in the steam as il left
the turbine. II the machine was eT-
hausEing 10 the atmosphere the tenn
rererure OF the steam would be 2p-
ip-oSimate1y sIs degrees. whereas witt
2 vacuum OF 90 in, the temperature Of
the steam IS il leaves the turbine
would be about 10 degrees II viii ',s
quite evident therefore. that there is
a large amount of heat which may be
utilized in the turbine If the condenser
is used which would be available with
cut this apparatus.
Direct connected 10 the turbine
shat Is the shaft OF the electric gener-
atoT The current as generated is
transmitted by means of copper wires
through suira BILE switches for discon-
Meeting the generator from the bus
bars The busbars serve the purpose
OF collecting ali the electricity gene--
ated by the various machines in one
place. from which II can be dist-ibu--
ed as desired II the electricity Is to
Se used near the station il Is usually
distributed at the voltage at which IL
Is generated. the various circuits BE-
ing connected to the busbars by
means Of suitable switches 1. the
current Is TO be sent any considerable
distance the voltage is usually raised
By means OF transformers and the
current transmitted AZ the higher volt
age This Is done in order 70 save in
the quantity OF current TO be trans
nlitted The longer the distance and
the greater quantity OF current to be
carried. the higher voltage that won j
De used. As X Is impracdcable to use
the higher voltage in commercial serv-
ice directly in machines due TO the
Difficulty OF insulating high voltage,
and also to the danger o. persons
working with II il Is necessary TO
again change the voltage at or near
the point where the current IS to be
utilized This Is done by smother set
sof transformers which works in the
reverse of the original set BIZ recsir-
ing the high voltage and delivering z
IoE voltage.
in cases where il IS aecessarv 20
have direct current the alternating
current IS transformed by means OF
rotary conye-ts-s OF notor-geaerator
sets to direct current. The general
principle o. either OF these apparatus
is that the alternating current acts rs
q prime mover for another generator
which generates direct current
Probably ths use Of electricity Il ~
brings IL mc~ IN the public eye Is for
lighting Electric lights as TOW USED
sTe OF two general classes the ar
lamp and the iocaadescent lamp n
the arc lamp the light Is generated ~
81 electric arc or re might sar. Z
continuous spark OF fame which IL
made by ilts-T1ptilE the electric cir
emit making the czrrsat pass for i
comparatively sho- distance through
the air Under these conditions,
across this air gap e formed Tsv
intense bright fame. ~aich produces
tie light l. the soczI.ed arc lamps
This light Is so intense that Il Is
usually necessary 20 cover II with
glass globes SO made as 70 Gi.use TIE
light as o1ss--ss i would be too
dazzling to- general purposes
II the i1caodsscszt Mazda Lang tie
light Is generated By RAISING TIE CIR
rent @ electricity through 4 aee vi-s
o. suitable material. -h.ch q hestsi
to ilcsldssc1cs e- the p@ss<e o. tia
electricity II = Necessary 70 protect
these E-s wires O. Ea-s--s e-uz1
bZ-a1E- and ttS = 6ozs By p-ttfl--
then Il Elzss -scsrtzssa t-ol -htca
all the al has aesl exhausted
Sa- Or Se..-- Si-re-A