davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12

that this does these troops an Injustice BY q
per cent, and take their value for STANDARD
1t must be clear. then, that low efficiency troops
like our militia, with their normal training
merely supplemented by a very few days
camp on the outbreak of a war, would tal
good deal below the standard of the Kitchens
divisions. And the real fact is that i
wholly doubtful whether troops OF that qua
ity could put up valid defensive under any
circumstances, even If accumulated to the e.
tent of twenty or even thirty men 10 the yaf'
front
At twenty or moro men 10 the yard, w
should require nearly million Of men, which
when we turn back TO the problems OF mobIi'
ton and concentration previously dealt wln'
and add considerations OF war work and na'
tional finance, constitutes a reductio ad s0'
surdum of the whole proposition.
We are left with the following range o.
choice only. We must be able TO place on OUT
front 10000 regulars representing the highea
possible training and organization, or 22OO"
regulars OF about the standard OF our presen'
army. or some 100000 or 100000 troops, resu'
lar or semi-regular, of grade about equivs'
lent to the Kitchener divisions; and OF these
the last is the least safe and most costly course
Anything less than this fails TO meet the prob
lem.
While it may be admitted that there
choice of solutions, there can be no question
as to which is the soundest The least burden
the greatest security, is to be found in INC
small, highly organized regular army. In my
next shall attempt to point out some OF tn'
steps that are urgently required for obtaining
such an army.
Copyright. l9l5-The Tribune Assn j.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12
BY Professor 2. N. Johnston.
FOURTH ARTICLE OF A SERIES ON
NATIONAL DEFENCE.

a S we left the problem of national defence,
n we had narrowed the issue down to the
question: What numbers and what
efficiency should we require TO face powerful
enemy deployed on front Of twenty-five
miIss2 Here sFaIn. rust as with mobilization
w. have problem OF variable aspects, and
one tina, involves a compromise between guam
tity and quality3 The quality of troops Is the
measurement Of the war work they can accom-
plish on a given front. And this, again, may
be measured In terms Of the offensive and in
terms OF the defensive The quantity OF
troops involves the great problem Of economy,
or finance. the work should be done at the
lowest cost per day. And thing more
must be added, which is that when we cast
about for models 20 copy, or reject. national
differences have 10 be taken into account
Your Swiss militiaman, for instance, trained
10 the rife from boyhood, represents a differ
ent military value 10 that OF an American
trained in the same way. For the Swiss would
make use OF bis rife normally In very broken
eopn,rv and occasionally in high mountain
eoyn,Yy. where ne could only be subjected 70
the action OF shrapnel AZ rare intervals. Now
N. action Of shrapnel on troops that are on
,te defensive is that il makes them keep under
cover and destroys their nerve. A short ssell
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12
SMALL, HIGHLY TRAINED ARMY is OUR BEST DEFENCE

pany, a depreciation OF value Is to be found.
Companies are absurdly small so that the COM
pany officers arc wasted and get no opportunity
fol acquiring tactical skill. The fault lies
largely in our system of distributing troops,
which is political; this makes recruiting UNI
necessarily difficult. On the other hand, the
captain, who, above all things, needs to be In
the closest touch with his men, their trusted
guide and friend, at pinch even their philoso-
pher is shufled about by silly law, so that
he merely averages a few months with each
company through which a pernicious system
passes him.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12

Head OF the Cro-Magnon type Of our
own species. Antiquity in Western Europ.
estimated at 5000 years or more. From
a model by ]. II. McGregor
thinks it probable that they had reached III,
end of a long cycle OF psychic development
Parallels in history show, he says, that DE-
cline which seems 70 be in no way due TO en-.
vironment may follow period Of great
artistic and industrial development in ptopl.
OF the theory that descendants Of the Gro.
Magnons are to be found IN France today,
Professor Osborn writes:
The anatomical evidence for this survival
theory chiefly consists of the highly character
istc form of the head.
I'm Europe a very broad face and long,
narrow Uranium are such an intrequent combin.
alton that anthropologists maintain that they
afford a means OF identifying the descendants
of TIL. prehistoric ro-Magnon race wherever
they persist to-day. Since Dordogne was the
geographic centre of the race in Upper Pale
olithic times, is it merely a coincidence tina,
Dordogne is still the centre Of a similar typ.l
"The present people of Dordogne agree
with but one other type OF men known TO an
thropologists, namely the ancient Cro-Magnon
race"
If descendants of the Cro-Magnons still
live Professor Osborn says, the survival may
be attributed partly to favorable geographical
environment and partly TO barriers OF geology
and race.
IF the people of Dordogne are yeritabl,
survivors of the -Magnons OF the Upper
Paleolithic" h writes, thy certainly repre-
sent the oldest race living in Western Europe
and is il not extremely significant tia, the most
primitive language in Europe that OF the
Basuues Of the northern Eyrenees, is spoken
near BY only 200 miles to the southwest? Is
there possibly connection between the ougi
nal language Of the Cro-Magnons, race which
once crowded the region Of the Cantabrian
Mountains and the Pyrenees, and the existing
agglutinatve language OF the Basques, which
is totally different from all the European
tongues2 Is it not conceivable thai
the ancestors OF the Basques conquered the
Cro-Magnons and subsequently acquired II.
language?
THE prehistoric Cro-Magnon men would
seem, therefore. to have remained IN or near
their carly settlements through all the changes
of time and the vicisstudes OF history It's
perhaps observes Ripley the most striking
instance known OF persistency of population
unchanged through thousands of years
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12
DEFICIENCY OF TRAINING.

The same class Of evil becomes more &C
eentuated as we pass successfully from the
company to the battalion, TO the regiment and
10 those shadowy and evanescent Pigments, our
brigsdes and divisions. But when we reach
the battalion we also reach another marked
deficiency. which is that Of training. 1t may
DC argued at a stretch. that the training OF
United States officer M to the grade OF captain
subject to the deductions previously made, IS
OF the same general character as that 70 be
found in the French or German service. But
when we come to field, general and staff Of
hcers this is very far indeed from being the
case one complete failure at this point being
due to two things: lack of practical train
ing, owing to there being no units to train
with a lack Of theoretical training, due to the
utter neglect Of the higher education Of the
army.
And at every successive step upward this
lack Of professional education becomes a more
serious matter If captain throws his COM
pany away. or even brigadier his brigade, the
loss may be repaired; but when corps COM
mander the director OF a staff section, or an
army commander plumbers, the fate of nation
may be sealed! In another article shall be
able 10 deal more at length with this question
of the training OF the regular army. For the
moment all | need is to draw a rough nu-
merical estimate from these premises. II our
twenty-five miles of front could be occupied hx
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12

people are animated
with a compelling
sense Of truth, and
we cannot d e n y
them a strong appre-
citation Of beauty"
He also believes
that the Old Stone
Age men may have
had a form of relig-
ion. The manner in
which they prepared
bodies for burial
proves apparently
that they had a faith
in an existence after
death. The art feel
ing, furthermore,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12

have influenced their minds rehgiousy
probable he that of wonder in the face OF the
development of religious
sentiment artistic work in the
and how far the outcome OF purely
artistic impulse fer very careful study
ITndo1bdv the nuuisive deep
of accompanied by an in
possibly by sentiment which we may regard
more less religious
The passing Gro Magnons powerful remains
mystery 1t may due envonmena and the
abandonment life Professor Osborn believes but he also
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12
can influence.

THE Cro-Magnon
artist was a realist.
His animal draw
ings were not con-
ventionalized, and
he tried to avoid
m a king diagrams.
He faithfully OBJ
served and recorded
details, as can be
seen in the minute
care with which the
hair Of animals Is
represented in the
drawings and en-
cravings.
THE DEVELOPMENT
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12
PASSION FOR DECORATION.


The Cro-Magnons apparently had passion
for decoration. Everything they used was dec
GRATED in some fashon and many of the most
remarkable specimens of their art are found IN
the engraving Of weapons, utensils and similar
objects This is an indication of the racial
psychology. and, with other evidences OF their
culture. shows the Gro Magnons to have been
a people little, if any, inferior TO US in mental
power and fine appreciation Of beauty
The Old Stone Age artist or artisan was in
tensely serious about his work, according to
Professor Osborn. He worked out his engrav-
ings and paintings with extreme care; and
how difficult must have been his la5ors with
the crude lighting facilities he had may be
Judged from the fact that the finer details IN
some OF the pictures can hardly be discerned
in the light of the powerful modern acetylene
lamp. In some of the caverns are hundreds OF
the pictures, representing almost incalculaole
effort. expended in true artistic sincerity by
those ancient men whom we class as "unciv-
ilized"
Professor Osborn believes the Old Stone
Age people had at least rudimentaty form OF
government in the tribal organization, and that
they took into account the different values OF
individuals to the community.
There can be little doubt that such dlvers-
ties of temperament, of talent and OF predis-
position as obtain to-day also prevailed then
he says, and that they tended to dferentiate
society into chieftans, priests and medicine
men. hunters of large game, fishermen, fash
toner's of fints and dressers OF hides makers
II .l..L;ro ard footwear makers of orna-
ments, engravers, sculptors in wood, bone,
ivory and stone, and artists with colors and
brush In their artistic work, at least, these
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12


Of this peoples be easily At first the drew quad
ruped with only legs child does But gradually increased
Of observation Gradually details And finally he
able convey by his drawings the characteristics OF animals
He observed and recorded for example that animal
charging This well illustrated picture Of charg
ing mammoth in of the Cro-Megnon caverns.
The development Of color also be traced through
pictures left At the after his
the wall in line would draw the engraved lines simple black
find red and yellow being used
The CroMagnon had alphabet, far be
tanned hut symbols which purpose
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12

Old Stone Age engraving OF the out
lines of Celtic horse and of reindeer.
The realism is no less striking than the
quality of the art
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12

Of form and the realistic representation OF IT.
The Paleolithic artists were engravers,
sculptors and painters 1t may be said truly
that they painted in oils, for they mixed their
powdered colors with animal fats. Some oil
these paintings appear to-day as If they had
been made only yesterday, and this oircum-
stance is due TO the extraordinary places the
Old Stone Age artists selected as their studios.
These were caverns some Of which are Of vast
extent
Professor Osborn's book Is the result Of
trip through the region in which the caverns
arc found and an examination OF the traces
left by men Of the Old Stone Age.
Some of the best examples OF the art are
TO be found in dangerous and almost inacces-
sible places" he said TO a representative Of
The Tribune. an order to reach some OF the
rooms it is necessary to squeeze through open
ings barely large enough to admit the body Of
a man. But the Old Stone Age artist, for
reasons not clear TO us, apparently considered
such places the best for his work. II Is not
unusual 10 find a room whose walls are COW
cred with engravings and paintings half mile
or more from daylight. All the work, OF
course, had to be done by artificial light, and
with the facilities available in those days the
difficulties must have been tremendous"
The Cro-Magnons, Professor Osborn said
were as remarkable physically as they were
mentally. Skeletons found in France and
Spain indicate thata height of more than six
feet was not uncommon among the men when
the race was at its best The average brain
weight, he said was greater than that of the
modern European. One authority declares
that the race was zone Of the finest the world
has ever seen"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12

Head Of a woman with headdress
sculptured in ivory. and head of horse
sculptured on a reindeer antler, by Old
Stone Age artists.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12
ART HAS A UNITY.

"Cro-Magnon art is distinguished by its
unity" said Professor Osborn. Certain char
acteristics can be followed throughout its de
velopment. It undoubtedly originated with
this race, although some authorities believe the
statuettes found in the caverns show an Afri-
ran ;odnence
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-12-12
croMagnon Race Of the Old Stone Age Had Highly De-
90 Which Compares FavoraOy
@4a with orko Of Day.

sponding somewhat to that OF our alphabet
THE symbols are not Photographic SAID
Professor Osborn. so far as they go they
are alphabetic; but it seems probable that they
served merely for certain forms of enumera-
The Dickinson press., 1915-10-16

One Of the lawsuits at Mott which
will interest a number of Dickinson
people is the action entitled Beeman
VS.. Beeman, brother against brother.
AS understood here, Ed. D. Beeman
brought suit to recover his profit Of a
thousand dollars, more or less, in q
land deal which H. F. Beeman, for
merly of Dickinson, put through. H.
F. Beeman came back with a counter
claim wanting the city brother to
come through with his share of the
loss in said land deal which was
calculated at $1,000, more or less.
The Ladies Aid society of the
Methodist church served a fine ban
quet to the church members and a
few friends Friday evening in the
church basement. The tables were
decorated with sweet peas and ferns
and white and lavender streamers
were hung from the ceiling and deco
rated the columns and lights. The
kitchen committee, consisting of Mes
danes Wilson Eyer, Hugh Roberts,
D. D. Mars, Horace Pierce and
R. T. Crawford, assisted by
Mrs. C. j. Fox, Misses Mildred
Hebron, Irene and Dorothy Morrison,
Phoebe and Agnes Smiley and Puma
Nichols, proved themselves the cap
able ladies they are in this depart
ment. Rev. J. G. Morrison, as toast
master, filled his roll eloquently, and
the finely balanced responses provided
the social and intellectual elements of
Of the gathering.
The Dickinson press., 1915-10-16
have homesteaded and are stocking a

have homesteaded and r stocking a
ranch.
C. T. Crowl came up from Scran-
ton last Saturday, bringing parties
who went on with j. A. Currie to
Halliday, returning a day later and
going home the rest of the way in
the Crowl car. Mr.. Crowl says
that Amos is in a bank, while the
other twin, Harry, is on the farm.
Miss Esther is in a drug store and
the little boy is in school. Mr..
Crowl has his hardware store to look
after the same as in the past. While
in Dickinson he was the guest of his
brother, F. w. Turner, and also visited
at the A. T. Crowl home.
Mrs. John Hornstra was plea sanity
surprised by a host Of friends who
gathered at her home Saturday
evening, to bid her a social farewell.
The affair was planned by Mesdames
VIM. F. Dauber, VIM. F. Marsh,
Mathilda Peterson and j. A. Pavel,
and was a success in every way. The
evening was pleasantly spent in con-
versation and amusing games, Mrs.
S. H. Smiley giving several Of her in
teresting readings. The guest of
honor was the recipient of very hand
some and useful gifts. The Hornstra
family expect to move out on the
M. Booky farm near Gladstone about
the 18th. Miss Rose will remain at
the Booky home here in the city to
attend high school.
The Dickinson press., 1915-10-16
LOCAL NEWS

Mr.. and Mrs. E. E. Anderson have
moved into the Ayers cottage on
Fourth Avenue West.
Miss Florence Dryer was taken
home from the hospital Monday and
lis recovering rapidly from her recent
operation.
Archie Granteer expected to wind
up the carpenter work at the James
C. Young farm east of the city this
week.
The Lady Maccabees will give a
dance and supper in Halloween style
Wednesday evening, October 20, in the
Odd Fellows hall.
In addition to his new house, Joe
Privrotsky is now erecting a barn at
his place north. He has about It's
acres of grain this season.
Judge w. C. Crawford dismissed
the jury at Mott last Saturday and it
was expected that he would wind up
the court cases there in good season
this week.
Agent and Mrs. F. D. Cooper are
arranging to move into the A. P.
Folsom house on Sims Street. The
place has been put into first class
shape.
J.. C. F. Parker & Sons were un-
loading a full carload of the Hiawatha
canned goods on Monday. By get
ting these goods in such quantities
the firm gets carload rates from Du-
luth and also a better assortment.
The Dickinson press., 1915-10-16

Sift dry ingredients together, beat the egg,
add milk and butter to the egg to make one
and o%ne-quarter cups; stir all together with
inverted spoon to a stiff batter. Turn into
biscuit pan and spread even. Brush top
lightly with melted butter. Sprinkle sugar
and ground cinnamon over the top. Bake
in moderate oven.
Dutch Apple Cake or Prune Kuchen can
be made with this same batter by covering
the top with pared and sliced apples, or
cooked prunes with the pits removed, skin
sides down. Dredge with sugar and CHINA
mon the same as for Coffee Cake.
ssThe Cooks Book contains go Just such
delicious recipes. You can secure a copy
free by sending the colored certificate packed
in ascent cans of K c Baking Powder to
the jacques Mfg. Co., Chicago, being sure to
write your name and address plainly. =
The Dickinson press., 1915-10-16
Landlord VIM. G. Ray has $50 Red

Landlord VIM. G. Ray has $50 Red
Trail signs which are to mark each
mile of the road between Dickinson
and Mandan and also west from here
to Glendive, the balance being used on
the north lines leading into the city.
The signs are lettered in red, show:
ing the number of miles the traveller
has to go on the Red Trail to get to
"The st. Charles, the Leading Hotel"
They also serve as a good marker for
the road between Mandan and Glen
dive.
The threshers were expected at the
John Wock farm northeast Of the
city the last of the week. This
farm is one of the prosperous places
in the Davis butte country, a large,
beautiful house having been finished
the past year. The barn and other
buildings are also in fine shape.
Trees have been started and every
thing looks thrifty around the farm.
This season ITO acres of wheat was
grown, so acres of oats, etc. Mr..
Wock has go head of cattle which he
summers at a ranch in the breaks.
He milks 10 to Is COWS and sells
butter in Dickinson.
A. w. Mason was getting in a
carload of Canadian yearlings this
week for Geo. L. Grayson of Kill
deer. The animals were to be I'M
loaded at Savage, Montana, for the
; Grayson place about 40 miles west
of that point, where the Grayson boys
The Dickinson press., 1915-10-16
LOCAL NEWS

w. S. Russell, manager of the Dick
inson Fire & Pressed Brick Co., left
on the 9th on a business trip to Minot
and Williston, expecting to return via
Sidney and Glendive.
William Morrissey, president of the
Bloomington State Bank of Bloom
ington, Wis, was in Dickinson on
Tuesday to look after land interests
which his people have six miles east
of Rocksprings:
Wilson Eyer left Tuesday afternoon
for the Layman's meeting of the
Methodist conference at Fargo, which
was held this week. He expected to
be gone about two days.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. R.. F,ossum and
little son expected to leave today
friday for Jamestown, Mrs. Fos-
SUMS old home, and Bismarck. They
expect to be gone about two weeks.
The youthful hobo, who threw the
rock at a passenger brakeman at
Richardton last week, was taken be-
fore Justice A.. P. Folsom and given
ten days in Jail. He gave his name
as Bill Clark.
Mesdames w. A. Mcclure and
Julius Hoist left Monday to spend a
week or so in the cities, visiting
Misses Carol and Grace Mcclure, who
are attending college at St. Gather
inc, st. Paul.
Mrs. A. G. Miller and two chill
rem arrived Saturday from east of
Dso,ooxo1, NJ, M;11on Sc o,ox1oyoJ
at the Dauber Auto & Machine Co.
shop, having taken the position just
recently.
DR.. and Mrs. w. N. Heaton, parents
of A. D. Heaton of this city, arrived
recently from Des Moines, Iowa, and
are now located in the Hoist house.
Mr.. Heaton hopes that the change in
climate will benefit his health.
Mr.. and Mrs. C. D. Litch returned
Sunday afternoon from st. Paul.
Mrs. Litch had only been out of bed
three days but seemed to stand the
trip quite we'll and has been able to
get about town in her wheel chair
this week.
B. W. Aylor, the Short-Horn cattle
breeder of Grandin, North Dakota,
was at Sentinel Butte the past week
and made a trip north to see the
Marshall ranch, the purchase of which
he had under consideration. He did
not buy.
Mr.. and Mrs. Josh. Fisher moved
this week into the Robert Fisher resi-
dence in the eastern part of the
city. The Chas. L. Dalton family ex-
pect to move into the house just va
Gated by the Fishers about Saturday
or Monday.
John Tuna has his grain stacked
and is now putting up a warm hen
house and other buildings at his farm
northeast of the city. He started a
grove of 500 trees this season and
will soon have one of the beautiful
farms of Stark county.
Emil Privrotsky thought Saturday
that his wheat would average about
IA bushels. He has $50 acres Of
grain this year. Anton Trinka anc
Joe E. Privrotsky were among the
%neighbors helping with the threshine
at this Davis butte farm.
Cashier and Mrs. D. D.. Mars ane
son, ROLAND, and Mrs. Mars father
Hugh Roberts, went out north to thu
Roberts farm Monday to spend {
few days. They expected to go ou1
sooner but bad roads delayed thei1
trip.