davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
Provide Water For Sheep.

1t is often said that sheep need no
water when on pasture. DO not listen
to such folly, writes T.. Leslie in the
grass they will live without it and, as
a rule, take but little. They should
always have it, however, to take when
they desire. Like any other animal,
sometimes their systems require more
than at other times. This is especially
true during sucking time. See that
they have it, and Of pure quality.
Sheep, above all other animals. should
never drink from stagnant pools.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
AROUND THE H0GPEN.

Keep the pens clean and dry to pre-.
vent disease among your hogs. Don't
let drafts blow on the hogs-drafts arc
fatal to them. causing pneumonia,
rheumatism and various other all.
ments.
If your hogs are sick or not doing
we'll find out what the trouble is. II
will pay. A sQuealing hog is not profit.
able-a eontented hog grunts. Don't
keep them in too small a pen. Exer-
else is essential to health. Give small
pigs plenty of exercise. 1t may prevent
thumps.
Give the SOW and pigs plenty of DON
on the sunny side of Il building.
Colony houses for brood sows are
more sanitary than a central house.
II your little pigs are troubled with
scours change the diet of the SOW. Do
not feed dirty. spoiled or sour feed,
Thoroughly cook all meat scraps.
If hard bony engagements form on
the hook joints Of your small pigs the
chances are that they have ricketts,. In
oNAN SoAAlS 4lS" ploou lIllO lLC uPT0
and feed your pigs per each 100 pounds
weight a mixture Of calcium phosphate
pulveriZed, nuX vomica two ounces.
artificial carlsbad salts ten ounces.
For worms give five grains calomel
and ten grains santonin per each 100
pounds, followed in about six hours
by a bran mash or give ten grains san
tonin and twenty grains areca nut
after a t~wenty-four hour fast.
Folio" some Of your hogs to the
packing house and see them inspected.
1t will pay in case they are tubercular.
Use plenty OF whitewash around the
pens.
Isolate all sick hogs. Burn all dead
ones.-Dr. j. H. Coffman, Idaho Sta
ton.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03

and thicken the crop. but there is ONE
question as to the ACCESSIBILITY of doing
any c%ultivating whatever in the corn
belt. The reason for this is that farm
Ing implements tend, in many cases,
to split the alfalfa own in such a
way as to cause the root to rot. and
because of this many successful alfalfa
growers do little work on the surface
after getting a stand.
This matter is briefly discussed in
the following extract sent out by the
Farm Improvement association of Win
nebago county, ILL.,:
"The best time to cultivate alfalfa
is in the spring after danger of freez-
ing, before the plants have made too
much start. The next best time to
cultivate is in the fall after the last
cutting. Alfalfa may be cultivated i'm
mediately after the first or second cut
ting, but this is not very practical on
account of lack of time and labor and
less desirable than spring or fall Gull
~tivation, because summer cultivation
may check the growth Of the alfalfa
and is likely to leave the ground too
loose and perhaps too cloddy and
dusty. The alfalfa shovel c%ultivator
or alfalfa spring tooth harrow is the
best implement to use, but the disk
harrow will give good results, espe-
cially in the spring, if carefully used.
"Set the disks rather straight and
weight the harrow If necessary, MAX
ing it cut two or three inches deep.
Double disk or cross disk, if necessary,
and finish with the common straight
tooth harrow in order to pull out the
grass and weeds and to thoroughly
pulverize the soil and level it.
1T is not advisable to disk alfalfa
until the third year after seeding. The
common harrow and perhaps the spring
tooth harrow or alfalfa cultivqtor may
be used the second year"
1t is questionable if so strong an In
dorsement of the cultivation system
can be secured from the majority of
alfalfa growers of the corn belt. In
the case Of a dry season the creation
of a mulch by using a spring tooth
harrow o. shovel c%ultivator may great
ly benefit the alfalfa crop, but in the
case Of a wet year the grower of al.
falfa had better 20 rather slowly in
adopting the practice of stirring the
surface of alfalfa fields. 1t is true that
In some instances all the surface cul
tivation will tend to keep blue grass
in check, but one must choose between
the desirability Of injuring the blue
grass and the injurious result that is
apt to be produced on the alfalfa croI
itself by surface cutting and surfac.
stirring.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03

Thirty New Submarines for U. s.
Washington, Aug. 24.-The next build
ing program for the United States navy
will include estimates for nearly dou-
bic the number Of submarines appro-
priated for by the last session of con-
grcss. From officials in close touch
with the plans for the navy it was
learned that at least thirty and prob
ably more submarines certainly would
be requested.
Some naval officers of high rank who
nrc being criticised think that as many
MS nifty o seventy-tive submarines
would not be too many. The last con-
grcss in three sessions authorized twen-
ty-Six submarines, and the United
States has Il total now of nearly sever
ty in commission or building. Within
two years the total, 1t Is estimated,
ma be brought up to 100 undersea
craft.
Secretary Daniels, 1t is understood,
tnvors II large building program, be-
ltcving tn; I In the development Of the
efficiency OF the submarine arm lies
the most Important task of the navy
today. Tho action Of the last congress
In nprroprintlng money for sixteen sub
marincS when only eight or more were
asked for Is believed to have given the
secretary confidence that the next ses-
sion OF congress would be even more
generous In It's grant for the underwa-
ter vessels.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
ORIGIN OF DAIRY BREEDS.
High Milk Production the Result Of
Selection and BREEDING.

The mar who desired larger produc-
ton Of dairy products began selecting
the cows that produced heaviest and
used these as foundations upon which
to begin his breeding operations, says
the Kansas Farmer.
This selection and breeding was a r
rled on In several different countries,
resulting in different breeds. The re-
suit has been the development Of sew
eral breeds varying in color, size and
richness and quality of milk. How
ever, 1t IS a notable fact that, although
these COWS We're bred by different
races Of people in different climates
some for high Yields OF butter fat, 9TH
ers for high yields Of milk, some for
larger size to add beef production to
dairy production and others without
any apparent regard to size-yet in
general type and conformation high
producing COWS Of all these different
breeds are very similar.
This similarity Of conformation Of
profitable dairy COWS has led to the
recognition Of what Is known as the
dairy type. This type Is the result Of
the evolution Of the dairy COW, a sur
vival of the fittest. The early breeders
selected the heaviest producers, used
them for breeding stock, and the re-
suit is the thin, angular conformation
which Is known as the dairy type.
There have been a great many eff
forts made in recent years to breed
high producing dairy cattle carrying
heavy tleshing characteristics Of the
beef COW, but failure has been the re-
suit. The thick feshing characteristic
Of the good beef COW IS no to be CO.
ordinated with high and profitable
milk production of the good dairy cow.
Each Is IL special purpose animal, in
heriting in II case the tendency to
turn feed into beef, in the other to
turn it into milk.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
DISEASES OF NURSERY STOCK.
Losses Caused by Various Plant Ali.
ments Are Sometimes Heavy.

mentS ARE sometimes Heavy.
PREPARED by New York State College of
Agricultural
The losses In nursery stock caused by
various plant diseases are sometimes
very heavy. Fire blight, for example,
will destroy all the stock attacked I'M
less it is eradicated by cutting out the
affected parts Of the plants. Some other
diseases affect the leaves only, and by
causing them to fall p%rematurely pre-
vent the normal growth and develop
mont Of the plants. Methods of control
which are effective IN larger trees and
pushes cannot be used in the nursery.
and, on the other hand, methods used
IN the nursery are of no service for
mature plants. For this reason, a spe-
cial study of the principal leaf diseases
OF nursery stock has been made at the
Cornell university agricultural expert
ment station, and it's results are given
in a bulletin just issued.
Nursery apple stock is liable to at
tack by scab and powdery mildew;
pear stock, to attack by scab, leaf
blight, and leaf spot; cherry and plum,
to yellow leaf disease, and the former
tc powdery mildew as we'll, currant
and gooseberry stock may be attacked
by anthracnose and leaf spot. and the
latter by mildew also; peach is subject
to peach leaf curl. some varieties ap-
parently being more susceptible than
others, and ounce is subject to leaf
blight. In addition to this fruit stock,
many horse chestnut trees in nurseries
are greatly injured by leaf blotch, and
nursery rosebushes are subject to black
spot and mildew.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
Russia Fears No Exodus.

Petrograd, Aug. 2O.-Russian econo.
m1sts generally predict that emigration
to America will perceptibly diminish
after the conclusion of the war. and IL
Is generally agreed that the govern.
ment will not have to restrict by legis.
lation the normal exodus of the people.
Russia will still have, it is thought.
enough laborers to supply Industrial
demands and undoubtedly a surplus.
the exact extent of which cannot be-
determined at this time.
RUSSIA finds herself in a different
position from that Of any other coun-
try engaged in the war;" says r. L..
Bark, minister Of finance, "for, al.
though her losses have been great, only
a small proportion Of the whole popu.
lation has been killed in the fighting.
For this reason I do not think that it
will be necessary for the Russian gov.
eminent to enact legislation to prevent
emigration after the war, and l have
not heard that any such measures are
contemplated"
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
For Poultry Raisers.

There is good money in selling eggs
for Matching. It calls for absolute
honesty. Only sell strictly fresh and
fertile eggs that a be expected to
hatch under favorable conditions.
MOngrel fowls should not be kept
will be uniform neither in color nor
size. This factor of itself is Of enough
Importance to induce one to select a
pure breed, V though the monyrels
might possibly lay as well as the pure
bred fowls, but this is very doubtful.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
General Botha's Haul,

Cape Town. South Africa, Aug. 21.-
Much speculation has been INDUCED in
rs to the value as Il possession of the i'm.
mcnsc territory OF German southwest
Africa. wrcstcd by the Union of South
Africa forces. under General Botha,
from tho Germans, who had occupied
1t since May. 1883. Six times the size
OF England, being about 3322 $50 square
miles In area and including Ovambo-
land. Damaraland and Great NamaQua-
land and sparsely populated, it has
been described as a wilderness, with q
fertile tract only here and there.
\ South African authority described
recently in the Cape Times it's domi-
nant physical features as follows:
"A slowly rising, sandy coast belt; a
high interior plateau, broken by iso-
lated mountain ranges and stony kop-
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
! Things the Farmer Likes to Know
DAIRY JoTTlNGS.

If a calf Is to be dehorned it
should be dellorned when not
more than three days old with
caustic potash.
Calf scours are due to oyerfeed-
ing. feeding cold milk Or using
dirty milk. Avoiding these things
is generally to avoid scours.
The pastures will soon be grow
ing shorter. but if we have a
summer silo the dairy will not
suffer.
At no time Of the year is dairy
ing more unpleasant work than
during the time when pastures
are short and the flies r trou-
blesome.
BY intelligent breeding and
care most Of the dairy herds can
be brought up to double their
production.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
Mirrors Will Hide Submarines.

Denver, Aug. 24.-Patrick keenan, Of
this city has completed an invention by
which he proposes to make small boats
and submarines completely invisible
when on the surface or underneath
the water at short distances.
Briefly stated, Kcenan's idea is to At
the portion Of the submarine above the
surface with mirrors inclined to reflect
the water. At a distance Of a few
yards the ship gives the appearance of
open sea.
Keenan, conducted most of his experi.
ments in City Park lake. A short
time ago he erected in the middle Of
the lake a large mirror, inclined to re-
fleet the water. From the shore, 100
yards distant. the effect was that of an
unbroken surface. Nothing could be
seen of the mirror or what was be-
hind 1t,
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
THEY SAW THE GHOST.

"A certain lady and her family"
says Sir Mountstuart Grant-Duff in
his "Diary," "hired a place in Scotland
which was haunted by the ghost Of a
woman, who was to be seen constantly
at night wandering through the rooms
and passages. When the family arriv-
ed the lady was much struck with the
place and said, I must have been here
before, for l know this place so we'll,
only there ought to be two rooms here,
and there is only one.'
"The agent replied that within a few
weeks the wner had caused a parti-
ton to be taken down and made the
two rooms into one. Still the lady was
puzzled at her knowledge of the place
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
Sore Mouth In Pins

This is due to an infection and IN
order to get rid of it pens and yards
must he cleaned thoroughly, then dis
infect with a . per cent solution of
compound cresol. Wash the sores on
'he PIGS With a ) per cent solution Of
the same medicine. Whitewash sheds
ana sprinkle lime over the lots and
especially around any damp places. as
inc germ causing the disease grows
more III moist or wet locations.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
AGlance atCurrent Topics and Events

were present, in addition to the presi-
dent and his cabinet and the highest
ranking military and naval officers.
several of the most influential Chinese
not officially connected with the gov
eminent.
Problems of national defense were
touched upon in a brief speech by the
president, who made it clear that he
regards war as the greatest among
apparently necessary evils, Ills words
made Il deep impression upon those
present, and in the discussion which
followed there WAS absolutely single
m~indedness in indorsing Nuan's posi-
ton. The conference decided that new
docks We're absolutely necessary: that
the %arsenalS must he mourrniXcu and
expanded; that service In the army
must be popularizrd and adequately
compensated; that coast urftnscS must
be established and. where obsolete or
inadequate, reconstructed. and that ma
val bases must be provided fov north
and south China.
The principal decision. however. was
that of providing for the uuttiratlun vi
Chinese ornaments. The siN army III
visions, investigation has proved, usr
ten or more different types of gums. II
is proposed to replace these with ono
style which will possess the best ftn-
lures OF the best modern weapon.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
Lansing Lewis % Year Fight.

Washington, Aug. Ex-senator j. Ham,
ilton Lewis of Illinois has IL fishing
smack named for him, and that fishing
smack is ut present the cause of in
tcrnational complications between this
country and Russia. Furthermore, Sec
rotary of State Robert Lansing has
much nor to do with the unraveling
of that fishing smack disturbance than
the ordinary reader would suspect. and
the whole story is being told in Wash
ington corridors these days.
The story goes that in the years Of
1891, 1895 and 1896 Jim Ham, Lewis
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
ItaIy's King Now Under Officer.

ltaly's King Now Under Officer.
Paris, Aug. 21.-The telegram saying
that the king Of Italy had been made a
corporal in the Third zouaves of the
French army made a great impression
in Italy, the Rome correspondent of
lie Temps writes; all the greater, as
Victor Emmanuel III. is rapidly gain
ing on the field Of battle the same pop
ularity won by his grandfather, who
was always proud of having been
named "corporal' after the victory of
Palestro.
Although the italian constitution
gives the king the right of peace and
war and the command in war of all
land and sea forces, Victor Emmanuel
has insisted on acting as a simple gen.
eral, taking orders from the generals
simO.
During his conversation recently with
Peppino Garibaldi he spoke chiefly
about Joffre and his generals. Later,
while he walked for over an hour in
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
Postmasters Meet In October.

washington, Aug. "a. = This years
convention of the National Association
of First and Second Glass Postmasters
will be held here Oct. 20, 81 and %.
Selection of Washington as the meet
ing place was announced by f. S.
Shannon Of Nashville, Tenn, secretary
of the organization. following a meet
ing Of the officers at which arrange
ments for the convention We're COM
Dletel.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
WORK TEAMS AND WEATHER,

IF it rains for several days
You do not stay in the house or
In bed all the time, do you?
"Certainly not; you have work
to do. But if you had to stay in
it would be bad for you.
cts just the same with the
work teams. They need exercise
in order to begin, when the
weather clears, properly rested.
"a pasture is the best place for
them if it is not actually raining,
and exercise in box stalls or I'M
der a covered shed in the barn
yard will be almost as good. Let
them stretch their legs.'-Farm
and Fireside.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
To Remodel Entire Chinese Army.

Picking, Aug. 81. China's military
forces are to DC remodeled from top to
bottom. AS Il first step arms Of the
line regiments are to be unified.
A most important conference has just
been held at the Winter palace. the
residence of Yuan Shih Kai. There
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03

jes, and a gently falling eastern strip
of sandy country which merges in the
level eXpanse of the Kalahari desert.
The average height of the uplands Is
about 5000 feet. The climate on the
whole is h%calthful and emincntly suited
for Europeans, though malarial fever
Is prevalent in the s%ubtropical north.
Before the war it supported Il white
population of 1880 people, with some
100000 natives"
The territory's three great natural
sources of wealth are minerals, pas.
ture land and agricultural land.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03

!ll' she remembered that it was 2
house she USED to 90 to in her dreams.
wei, some time passed, and thc
agent was up ut the house again, when
me lady complained that one mart of
the contract had not been fu1fl,od
!hey mad hired a house and a ghost
for the summer, and no ghost had she
seen. '
"Ihe agent replied: OF course nor
because you. madam, arc the Ghost
We recognized you the moment wo
saw you" wv
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03
Robert Lansing (Top) and James Ham.
ilton Lewis.

Robert Lansing (Top) and James Ham.
ilton Lewis.
was a struggling lawyer in the city of
Seattle, Wash. He had gone there
from the south to make his fame and
fortune. About the same time a little
fleet OF fishing smacks began to get in
trouble in the north Pacific waters.
The boats piled up and down the Brit
ish and Russian coasts along Bering
strait, and they poached in Russian
and British territory and We're straight
way seized by naval vessels of those
countries.
Robert Lansing, then almost ur-
known to fame, appeared as counsel
with Lewis. Lansing represented the
larger interest and Lewis the smaller.
They We're successful, and as the re-
suit of the victory achieved the clients
Of Lewis changed the name Of n
of the smachs to the James Hamilton
Lewis, out of compliment to their
counsel.
Then the James Hamilton Lewis be-
gan to be one of the liveliest little
seal poachers in the Pacific and was
consequently picked up by the Rus
sian government. The owners made an
indignant protest, and the case has
been pending between the United
States and Russia ever since.
Now the secretary of state, who
must adjust the treaty Of this subject
with Russia, is Robert Lansing, who
y-o 0hinf no,,1co1 fo,, fIo T-,;4o1 csAa4..
end Of the controversy before the
claims tribunal.
James Hamilton Lewis is one Of the
United States senators who must pass
on the question of whether Or not Lam
sings work shall be ratified.
Famous S]tonehenge Under Hammer.
London, Aug. 22.-Stonehenge, the
most famous Of British ruins dating
back to the bronze age, is to go under
the auctioneer's hammer. The property
to be sold includes G,4OO acres of farm
land, the estate Of the Antrobus fam
lily. The principal building is Ames-
bury abbey, past which flows the Avon
river. The property to be sold is To-
Gated In a corner Of Salisbury plain,
where Canadian troops and many regi-
ments Of British territorials are en-
camped, and includes a considerable
portion Of the ancient town of Ames-
bury.
Stonehengc-litcrally hanging stones
is the remains OF a great prehistoric
structure. 1t consists mainly Of a cir
Gle OF vast stones, nearly half Of them
now PROSTATE, averaging about four
teen feet in height, which originally
supported a number OF huge horizontal
stones. There is an inner circle of
smaller stones, and within this circle
several pairs Of huge stone columns ar
ranged clliptically. The exact purpose
which the great structure originally
served has never been definitely estab-
lishcd.
1t IS probable that Stonehenge will
become a public property, through pur-
chase either by the state or by some
historical society. \ few years ago
there was reason to fear that the
stones might be sold and taken to the
United States. At that time the Brit
ish Footpaths Preservation society
tried to purchase the acreage which in
cludes all the important ruins, but the
owners price Of S25O.OCO was consider
ed excessive and nothing came Of the
p,ovcmnnt
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03

BROOD cooPS WITHOUT PROPER VENTILATION,
Chickens should be brooded in a poultry house or shed while the outside
weather conditions areu nfavorable. After the weather becomes settled they
should be reared in brood coops ut of doors. One important feature in build
ing a brood coop is proper ventilation. Hens and chicks need plenty OF fresh
air. The accompanying figure shows a brood coop with the window sash used
Tor q door, and when this is closed it does 10 allow enough ventilation.
Another consideration is the protection against ats, rats and similar ami
mails. Brood coops should be provided with some arrangement for closing at
night o keep out such enemies.
The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1915-09-03

Photo by American Press Association.
King Victor Emmanuel, Who Is at the
Front With His Army.
the gardens of Villa Ada with Gabriel
d'Annunzio, he asked him everything
about the French army which the poet
could tell him. However easily, there
fore, he could have assumed the part
of generalissimO. he has gone to the
other extreme ard never gives ever an
opinion unless he is pressed to do so
by the generalissimo himself.
'"The head Of the army is General
Cadorna. l am only II of the officers
in the service of Italy," are not only
the kings words, but they express an
actual condition. 1876 Al