davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

EAl14e, 100, are large paper mills, tam
Eaeffes and lumber mill Sixty per
cent OF the surface Of the state ID
still covered with forests, one and q
half million acres Of virgin forest
yet to be touched by the wopdma1ss
az. In the various Industries de-
pendent on the forests are employed
5000 men. earning approximately
81, 900. 600 q year. 81
IS In agriculturesand hortic1lt ure the
state has made enormous strides,
while the development Of other nat
nral resources has been going on.
The last few years have seen q re-
marlsable growth In the fruit indus.
try. The apple crop IN 1913 reached
nearly to the two-million mark, and
this included only well packed mer-
charitable fruit. "a
Population'sf Growth Steady.
With the: rapid development Of
the states resources has come also
q STEADY growth In population. Ac-
cofding to the thirteenth census the
population of West Virginia has I'M
creased from 95S i 800 in 1900 to L.
22l, 119 in 1910. 81
While West virginia's per cent OF
total increase in population is prac-
tically the same as that OF Pennsyl-
vania. It Is greatly in excess Of that
OF the other states around II. There
has been q remarkable increase:
sxty-six per cent In the cities and
towns. having q population Of $500
or over. In fact, there are but elev-
en- states In which the: percentage Of
increase IN the urban population has
'been. greater than in West Virginia,
and Of that number all but one (Flor-
tda) are situated west Of the Mis-
sissippi river. At the same time It
appears that the increase in the rural
population has been relatively much
higher than in the surrounding
states. That the state is still strong
~ agricultural is shown by the fact
that reighty-two per cent OF the pop
ulation at the present time Is classed
as rural. There are but two states
east Of the Mississippi river in which
the percentage Of Increase Of rural
population has been greater than in
West Virginia.
It is the belief Of West Virginians
That the story of our states devel-
opment is yet to be told as part Of
the bright record sof. achievement
that is to be written by the people
Of the United States.
Social Progress Noted.
And pari passu with all our indus
trial development are being realized
the aspirations and the dreams Of
men and women who are working
along educational lines for civil and
social advancement, for the conser-
walton Of public health, the; enlight-
eminent Of country life. for the at
tainment Of a larger measure Of 30
cial justice in our industrial systems
for better and happier West Viz
ginians, as well as for a better and
Ia greater West Virginia. Who can
tell? The future may have even
better and greater things in store
for us, richer and more rational
modes OF life, IN sweeter manners;
purer laws" in the spiritual and In
tellectual uplift OF our common hui
mainly. things more to- be desired
than anything set down in the CEN
sus statistics Of production and ac.
chnulation. West Virginia stands
hopeful and expectal.s with Its face
IN Ans fn+,,ra SFi4s-1izs Bfa.S igif.
~ tne future. 4sl+s7s a
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

7WNp kuOi RkAASAWe&1t 0At040AOn vi itkA0
evening. At late hour the charm
ing hostess, assisted by. her: sister,
Miss Gertrude Boehm, served the
guests with Japanese baskets contain-
ing pimento and minced chicken sand
witches, relishes. fruit and nuts, brick
ice cream, cake and delicious punch.
Those present at this delightful af-
fair were Mesdames James Blaine I'M
derwood, Alex Gilmor strickler, James
Wilson, Joseph Gallaher Dawson, Ray
1sner, Carson Post, the hostess and
her sister, Miss Gertrude Alice Boehm
and Mrs. Emmett A. Corbin.
Jennings Riley. who has been enl-
ployed as a chauffeur for the Penns-
boro Livery Company. left Monday for
Akron, O., where he expects to secure
employment IN q rubber tIlIts +. plant, :
Charles q. Black, former well
known resident Of Pike, but now a
successful oil producer in Monroe
county, o.. was a visitor in town Tues
day. Mr.. Black is still fond OF Richie
county, and would buy q good farm in
this locality Il possible.
~ -. !, q Ii ~
Miss Gertrude Boeh1n left Tuesday
evening for, Martetta o.. to- be q guest
OF her sister Mrs. Harry 9. Miller:
4 F. "A. wagner, general 81 agent of the
Safe Insurance Company. was q bus
mess visitor in Pittsbufg several days
this week. II j ssl n 81
Imperial OH and Gas Produetss Cons
pany. was q business visitor at
Charleston this week & iisss
ssA - - III ~ 4 tssasla
Mrs. Margaret Hare. OF Harrisvflle,
is a guest other daughtersld f. A.
Newell, at Marietta; 10. III +ts
]. M. Vincent. Of Clarksburg, was
here recent day and sold a lot in
the Sunnyside addition to Harrisville
to J.. G. Cooper. .--'sees' t 5. ".
Mrs. Homer Adams has returned
from Huntington, where she attended
the West Virginia Equal Suffrage AS
ISOLATION annual convention.
Z --
Attorney Victor Cooper has re-
turned from a business visit at Salem.
Sra VIII :..-----.. ~, : !.
The Rev. ]. j.. Phillips. president
of the West Virginia Methodist Prot
estant conference, will preach at Har-
risville Friday evening. December 3.
L -----3
vile. have returned fromaa pleasant
visit at GAINESVILLE, 0. 81
SsE Il - t.rs. III 4
Mrs We e., Talbot andIMrs. H.zAr-
visit at Parkersburg. Mrs. Jarrett
md her husband will soon move to
Grafton to make their home.
---.
and Mrs. Frank Ball, at Lamberton,
Ia few nights ago, and left q daughter
Mrs. Ball was formerly Miss Roxie
spiker.
81
William 8. Wigner and Miss Nellie
place, stole q march on their friends
"Wednesday morning, and It is report
ed, eloped to Oakland, Nd, and were
married. They returned Thursday
Ben Horner. &
80 5s
Thurman Haddox has gone to Bowl
ing Green, o., where he has secured
~, 1n,,,,,a,,r,% i5sl'f n 2 n 81 2 q, II
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

School was closed here THURSDAY
IN honor d Thlnksgi living, but was re-
stunned on Friday morning 3
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

IN tho death Of Captain Lyman s..
Rpach, aged 70 years. 1t his home Ia
ItxtrInne. Tex. many Of The older
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

q ]. @. Dawson. OF the Carter Oil
Company tiald force. spent Thanksgiy.
ing with his family mere a ~ 81
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

\ Miss Virginia Say, who ~ ;attAnd-
ing school 1T Park sturg. spent the
Thanksgiving hoiidayB with her par
ents. p. "a. Say ana wife. 1T Finch
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

Jennings Riley, who has been en-
ployed as a chauffeur for the Penns-
boro Livery Company. left Monday for
Akron, O., where he expects to secure
empl oyment in q rubber plant. :,
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28
COUNTY |!
| news '0|!L|. 1 ! ] !
BR||E|EzYS1||HLE
Tesegrain's corresp ondert at
EHenhoro MIrjtes a. Very
Interestiti1 Letter. 81 M ! 81 "a

ELLEBoRo, NOV. 27.-The West
.ern Union camp has been lying on
the side track here for several days,
while employees are repairing and inn
proving the lines Of telegraph to have
eyery thin Fl 4 fine shape foE the win-
ter season.
/ Autoists are cautioned to use great
care when crossing the Baltimore ana
Ohio railroad tracks at the east end
tof No. 8 tunnel, where a fatal accident
was narrowly averted the other night
when train No. IS hit Hoffman War
mans car and severly injured Mrs.
Frank Grimes, one OF his passengers.
Mr.. Warman and anot Their lady escaped
without injury. 5,
"a pleasant social affair Of last week
was the Entertainment Of the Ellen
boro Social Club, by Mrs, Otto Kimball
Wisner, at her coy home on The
Pike" on Thursday evening. Dominoes
was the principal diversion OF the
evening. At late. hour the charm
ing hostess, assisted by her, sister,
MISS +derlFuQe 60elm, served htne
guests with Japanese baskets contain
ing pimento and minced chicken sand
witches, relishes, fruit and nuts, brick
ice cream, cake and delicious punch.
Those present at this delightful af-
fair were Mesdames James Blaine I'm
derwood, Alex Gilmor Stricken, James
Wilson, Joseph Gallaher Dawson, Ray
1sner, Carson Post, the hostess and
her sister, Miss Gertrude Alice Boehm
and Mrs. Emmett A. Corbin.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

{ F. "A. Wagner; general agent of the
Safe Insurance Company was q bus
mess visitor in PittsbuFg several days
this week. II ! I,ils & 81
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

Will Patton and bride. Of HARRIS
vile. have returned fromaa pleasant
visit at GAINESVILLE, o.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

/ John 81. Mann, supeript adent or the
Imperial OIL and Gas roduetss Com.
.pany, was q business visitor at
Charleston this week. q M .ss
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

The Rev. j. j.. Phillips, president
Of the West Virginia Methodist Prot
estant conference, will preach at Har-
risville Friday evening. December 3.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

]. M. Vincent. of Clarksburg, was
here recent day and sold a lot in
the Sunnyside addition to Harrisyille
to j. G. Cooper. = -.ss4t'.I7srs II.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

Mrs, W. E,y Talbot andsadrs. HaAr-
lington Jarrett have returned from a
visit at Parkersburg. Mrs. Jarrett
,nd her husband will soon move to
Grafton to make their home.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

Charles I q. Black, a former we'll
known resident Of Pike, but now; a
successful oil producer in Monroe
county, O.. was a visitor in town Tues
day. Mr.. Black is still fond Of Richie
county, and would buy a good farm in
this locality + posi- bic.
Miss Gertrude Boehrn left Tuesday
evening for Marietta, Oh to be q guest
OF her sister Mrs. Harry g. Miller
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-11-28

Mrs. Homer Adams has returned
from Huntington, where she attended
the West Virginia Equal Suffrage As
ISOLATION annual convention.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
FIERCE FIGHT ON BORDER
American Troops Battle With Mexi.
can Bandits Near Brownsville,
Tex.-Score of invaders Killed.

Galveston, Tex, Sept. 4.-Border
reports state that fully $500 armed
Mexicans are now operating on Texas
soil. Four battles in different sections
failed to decide the issue and dark.
ness left Mexicans determined to
carry out their plan of Diego. Swarms
OF MeXicans have been seen at many
places along the Rio Grande, but floods
prevented their crossing.
A fierce battle between a detach
ment Of the Third cavalry and some
fifty bandits took place Is miles north
of Brownsville on Thursday. This fight
lasted several hours. during which
three troopers were wounded and one
killed. Reports are that 20 Mexicans
were killed in the fight. Several were
wounded. Another battle took place
ten miles from Harrington. Rangers
and soldiers were fired upon from the
brush. One soldier was wounded. The
Mexicans made their escape.
Mere fighting was reported in the
Big Bend country where Orozco was
killed and skirmish was had north
of Del Rio Reports are that in the
running fights some bandits were
killed, but no Americans were lost.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
BERLIN WANTS MORE FACTS
German Admiralty Seeks Definite
News as to Whether Hesperian
Was Torpedoed.

Berlin, Germany, Sept 8 (via Lon
dom The German admiralty has yet
no information regarding the Hes
perian case. The sinking Of the liner
was officially commented upon to this
effect: 1T is advisable to await more
definite news as to whether the steam.
err was actually torpedoed, and if so,
under what conditions"
Washington, Sept. 8.-The White
House and state department have sus-
pended judgment on the sinking of
the Allan liner Hesperian by a Ger
man submarine, pending the receipt
of definite information as to the cir
cumstances of the attack 1t has been
announced that this government will
take no action until all the facts are
at hand. The same course was fol-
lowed in all other cases growing out
of the German submarine activities.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14

Problem Has Always Loomed Up High
to the Beginner With Sheep-Put
Barbed Wire on Top.

The fencing problem has always
doomed up high to the beginner in
raising sheep. 1t is not, however, a
very difficult one if it is undertaken
in an intelligent manner. 1t does not
require heavy fence to hold sheep,
but barbed wire will not make salts
factory sheep fence.
Most sheep raisers use fence con-
structed of woven wire from thirty to
forty-two inches high with from five
to nine horizontal wires and sixteen to
twenty stays to the rod. Any fence
coming inside these limits if put up
with a post each fourteen to sixteen
feet will prove satisfactory for sheep.
If thirty-inch woven wire is used,
it should have at least one barbed
wire en- top of it. 1t usually pays to
put one or two barbed wires on top of
the woven wire. however, as this will
make a fence that will turn horses and
cattle as we'll as sheep.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14

Receive Highest Award at the Iowa
State Fair-To Exhibit at San
Francisco Show.

Fairwater.-Notice has been receiv-
ed by E. B. Bruins that his exhibit of
Jerseys has received the highest
award at the Iowa state fair, the first
prize for exhibitors herd in that class.
In addition the eight cattle shown
were awarded prizes for first champion
and grand champion bull, first aged
herd, and two other first prizes, be-
sides four seconds and a third.
The same cattle are to be exhibited
at the San Francisco fair. The Jersey
class presents the keenest competition
at the Iowa show. Chances seem to
be excellent for Wisconsin breeders
to secure recognition among the top
nOtchers at Frisco.
The State Jersey Breeders associa-
ton, of which Mr.. Bruins is president,
will assist in making the California
exhibit. The cattle are in charge of
Mr.. W. S. Dixon of Brandon.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
LAY CHURCH CORNERSTONE
Rev. J. KIingman Presides at Cere-
monies for New OconomoWoc
Lutheran Edifice.

Oconomowoc-The laying of the
cornerstone of the new st. PauPs
Lutheran church here was very large
ly attended. The Rev. ]. Klingman Of
Watertown spoke in English and Ger
man. The cornerstone was laid by the
Rev. Klingman, Prof. Henkel, North
western college at WatePtown, and the
Rev. F. Kuenther, pastor of st. Paups
church for thirty-five years.
The new church building is to be
5Sx1OS feet, of vitrified brown brick,
and is located on Pleasant and Lake
streets, near the old church property,
which will be used as a school.
st. Paups congregation was organ
lied in 1865 with but seven cOmmuni-
cant members. The old church was
dedicated in 1879. The church now has
about 500 members, and will celebrate
it's fiftieth anniversary this fab.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
SUGAR BETS PAY WELL
Industry Is Becoming One of Most
Prosperous in Chippewa
Falls Region.

Chippewa Falls.-The farmers in
this county and vicinity who planted
sugar beets this year are going to be
we'll paid for their labor. There are
only about 1900 acres contracted for
by the factory in this city but the yield
is of a good quality and the farmers
say that they will realize more from
their sugar beets than any crop they
have planted this year.
The elements have no effect on the
crop, the sugar beet grows when the
other crops stand still. AS result
sugar beet raising has become one of
the staple industries and the farmers
are becoming more aware of it from
year to year.
Contrary to old prejudices and mis-
taken ideas, sugar beets do not rob
the soil. If properly cultivated and
the refuse, such as beet tops, are put
back on the land, the loss is slight.
Beet pulp makes good cattle fodder
and increases the flow of milk.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
Good Distance Is Fifteen by Thirty
Feet-Object Is to Obtain Larger
Yields of Fruit.

A good distance for planting stand
ard pear trees is Is by 80 feet; that
is, the rows are 80 feet apart and the
trees Is feet apart in the rows.
The object of this method is to OBJ
tain larger crops of fruit from the
same ground until the trees become
large enough to interfere with each
other; then each alternate tree in the
row is cut out, leaving the trees in the
entire orchard at distance of 80 feet
each way.
This system has the advantage Of
more fully utilizing the land for fruit
production until the thinning out be-
comes necessary.
Another plan is to plant the trees 20
feet apart each way. This distance
will afford free circulation of air and
abundance of sunlight, both of which
are essential to well-developed and
highly colored fruit.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
DIFFICULT PEST TO CONTROL
Squash-Vine Borer Can Only Be Erad.
lcated by Cutting Out the At
fected Parts of Vines.

The squash-vine borer, which de.
stroys melons. cucumbers, suuasbes
and pumpkins by boring through the
stems OF the plants, and through the
leaf stalks. is a hard pest to control
Spraying does no good. About the
only way to get rid of it is to cut out
the affected parts Of the vines. If
your crop is injured this year. plant
vines in different place next year
Harrow the infected fields lightly in
the fall, and then pillow at least six
inches deep in the spring. Or you
may cover the vines with earth here
and there, while growing, so that new
roots will put out. and if the borer
cuts off the plant from the original
root it will still live.-Farm Life.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
GRODNO IS TAKEN
AUSTRO-GERMAN FORCES CAP
TURE 5000 RUSSIANS WHEN
BIG FORTRESS FALLS.
SLAVS ARE IN FULL RETREAT
Germans Engage in Street Fighting
After Capturing Stronghold From
Observation-Disclosures Near Riga Oe-
cupied and Fall of Port Is Near.

Vienna. Sept. 6.-The fleeing Rus
SLAMS have everywhere retreated on
the Sereth line in eastern Galicia. &C.
cording to an official statement issued
by the war Office. Austrian troops are
now before Doubno, second fortress
on the Volhynian triangle. Here the
Russians have lined up to make
stand and the Austrians are preparing
for an attack.
London, Sept. 6.-Interest in deVel-
opments on the eastern front centers
on two extremities Of the great 900
mile battle line, along the full extent
of which the Russian field army is
in full retreat before the advancing
Austro-Germen forces.
In the north the fortress and city
of Grodno have fallen before the
Germans. Evacuation Of all the po-
sitions on the west bank Of the Me
men by the Slavs, officially announced
by the Petrograd Office, was followed
by the occupation of Grodno fortress
by the Teutons, who crossed the Me
men almost Immediately and captured
the city after desperate street fight
ing. Three thousand Russians were
captured, as we'll as one cannon and
eighteen machine guns.
At the southern extremity Of the
line the Austrians have virtually
cleared Galicia of the Russian invad-
ers. The Muscovites hold only a
small strip of Galician territory be-
tween the River Sereth and Bessara-
bia, and the Austrians are relentless
ly advancing to purge their soil OF
hostile troops.
With Grodno under the German flag,
the last fortress in Poland held by
the Russians no longer constitutes a
menace to the German hosts advanc-
ing east and north, driving at the
great Baltic naval base of Riga, and
possibly at Petrograd itself. Coinci-
dentally with the news of Grodno's
fall comes the news of the capture by
German troops of the strongly forth
fled bridgehead at Lennwade, north
east of Friedrichstadt, only forty
miles from Riga. 1t is believed here
the Germans will make short shrift
of the seaport with this obstacle over
come.
Meanwhile, in the south, there are
indications that the Austrians are con-
templating a great invasion Of south
ern Russia from East Galicia. Dis
patches from Berlin state the Austrian
general staff plans to launch a drive
having for its object the Black sea
ports of Odessa and Sebastopol,
whence the Teutons can rush aid to
the Turks and beat back the allies on
GallipoH who are attempting to cap
ture COnstGntinople.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
PLEADS GUILTY IN VOTE CASE
Another of Hoosiers Accused With
Taggart Changes His PIea-BelI's
Trial on Monday.

indianapolis, Ind, Sept. 6.-Ernest
Roeder. one Of the more than 100 men
indicted along with Thomas Taggart
and Mayor Joseph z. Bell, charged
with conspiring to commit felonies in
the primary and election of 1914, plead
ed guilty on Friday before Judge W. H.
Eichhorn here. ROeder. a saloon
keeper, was a close associate of James
(Bud) Gibson, WHO pleaded guilty last
week to the same charges. Roeder, on
arrangement day. had entered a plea
of not guilty. On the recommendation
Of Prosecutor Rucker, Roeder, whose
wife is i'll. was released on his own
recognizance without being sentenced.
Roeder is the eighth man to plead
guilty to the conspiracy charge. The
trial of Mayor Bell. the first of the in
dicted men to be tried. is set to begin
today.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
POPE IN PEACE MOVE
CARDINAL GIBBONS PRESENTS
PoNTIFF'S NOTE TO PRESIDENT.
Message Not Made Public, but the
Prelate Says Peace Prospects
Are Bright.

Washington, Sept. 2.-Cardinal Glib
bons, dean of the College of Cardinals,
on Thursday presented to President
Wilson a confidential communication
from Pope Benedict inviting and urg-
ing this government to cooperate with
the Vatican and neutral nations to
bring about peace in Europe.
A conference on the same subject
was held later at the state department
between Cardinal Gibbons and Secre-
tary of State Lansing.
After his visits and confidential talk
to and with the president, Cardinal
Gibbons said:
Il think the prospects of peace are
Frightening"
Cardinal Gibbons, the secretary of
state and the president declined to re-
veal the details of the pope's sugges-
ton. 1t was stated at the White
House, in fact, that the president
would not discuss the subject at all.
Cardinal Gibbons said:
Il only can tell you that l conveyed
to the president a message from the
holy father and that the message re-
lated to the subject of peace. The
message cannot be made public yet; if
l receive authority l shall be glad to
make it public. The authority must
come from Rome and we will have to
confer about that
Il regard the settlement of the con-
troversy between the United States
and Germany as affording an excep-
tional opportunity for peace proposals
and as having placed the United
States in a most advantageous posi-
ton to act in this direction.
my interview with the president
was most gratifying. 1t would, of
course, be improper for me to speak
in detail regarding the conference
with the president, but 1 may say the
conference was Of very genial and
happy character. In a general way
Mexico wSS also discussed"
The cardinal said the peace pro.
posals he conveyed to the president
have been submitted only to the Unit.
ed States. Whether the message from
the Vatican will be submitted to other
neutral governments the cardinal
would not say.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1915-09-14
BOOSTERS MAKE TRIP
BARABOO BUSINESS MEN VISIT
TOWNS IN SAUK COUNTY.
Speeches Are Made at Each Stopping
Place and Wisconsin Marine
Band Gives Selections.

Baraboo.-Baraboo citizens made
their annual auto booster trip through
Sank county under the auspices of the
Commercial club.
One hundred and twenty automo-
biles, carrying at least 500 people,
mostly business men, accompanied by
the Wisconsin marine band, started
for Prairie du Sac, the first stopping
place, a distance of fourteen miles.
The other places visited on the outgo-
ing trip were Sank City, Witwen and
Black Hawk.
The destination was Spring Green
and side trips to Wright's bungalow,
Tower Hill, and other places of in
terest. On the return trip stops were
made at Plain, White Mounds, Logan
vile, County Farm and Rudsburg.
At each stop speeches were made,
and the marine band played.
The trip covered nearly 100 miles.