davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1915-10-22
rrRIFY1Ne ooLLEaE ArHLEr1cs

Now that Eve prominent Yale athletes
have been caught in the net Of alleged
professionalism in baseball, Il would be
fitting for other colleges which maintain
a pretsnse Of ultra-pure amateur ath-
latics 70 clean out some Of their owl rot
zen spots. if such the conditions can be
called This applies not only to those
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1915-10-22

Have you given your con'cent 70 the
Wilson bridal presenty
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

leader, he became president of the Illi-
nois Manufacturers Association. This
position and his positions in the direc-
torate of railways and financial insti-
buttons he resigned when appointed to
the federal trade commission early this
year.
There is not hint of the politician
about him, for, though always a DEM
ocrat, he has not delved deep in politics.
So, a business man on a government
business board, he talks to business
men as one of them, rather than
public officer.
What. aside from his forceful per-
sonality that makes its appeal to his
listeners, is his broad knowledge of
the worlds business? He has travelled
much abroad, spent much time in for
eign industrial and financial establish
ments, chiefly in Europe. He knows
processes, methods. movements of
trade, the causes behind them, and he
discourses. out of this knowledge, in
the business mans terms.
Talk with him long and ii is easy to
detect his attitude toward the official
position which he holds. He regards
the commission as designed to be of
constructive help to business, very
mucn the Department of Agriculture
is constructive help to agriculture.
Hence his scheme. outlined in the pro-
posed uniform accountancy and credit
systems, for helping business to help
itself. ASHMUN BROWN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

man was attacked several times, but
he retaliated by giving presents to the
Indians. He had interpreters and met
with the chiefs and finally succeeded
in getting their good will As a re-
suit they have aided the telegraph de-
partment and have helped cut the way
for the line through the forest. Four
or five other tribes have been pacifled
without any loss of life. and great
deal of work is going on among vari-
Gus tribes all over Brazil.
In the state of Sac Paulo there is a
tribe known as the Kaingangs. whom
until now it has been thought impos-
sible to pacify. But the Indian officials
have gone into the forests and have
put them, SO it is believed. on the road
to civilization. In doing this observa-
ton posts were erected in the forests.
The officials and the interpreters would
get up into trees and from there ex-
pound the theory of the government
and its desire for the welfare of the
Indians. In some places the gramo-
phone was used and presents were lib
orally distributed. In this work the Of
ficials were in the heart of the woods.
where they were at the mercy of the
savages. 1t was something of a sur
prise that they came out with their
lives.
In other parts of Rio Grande do Sui
many OF the aborigines have been put
upon farms. and number of agricul-
tural establishments have been formed
for them in the state of Bahia. There
are also agricultural colleges for In
dams in a half dozen other states. The
land for these colonies has been chosen
and surveyed by the agricultural de-
partment, and arrangements are being
made for the training of the Indians.
The method adopted to pacify the
>kaingangs and to interest them in civ
ilization has been to establish posts"
or stations. where there are orna-
mental and useful articles likely to
appeal to the Indians. This leads them
to come out of the forest and to grad
ually get acquainted with the whites.
The method has been SO satisfactory
that it is being adopted among many
of the tribes of Amazonas. and some Of
the latter have been given farming
tools and are being taught agriculture.
In addition to this. number of laws
have been passed defining the status
of the Indians as regards civil and
criminal law. Up until this time they
have been regarded much as minors.
but now it is proposed to give them
all the rights of other citizens. Their
privileges are to be defined, and they
are to be put, in short, upon the same
plane as the other citizens of Brazil.
FRANK C. CARPENTER.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

causes almost instant death if it gets
into the blood 1t attacks the nerves
OF motion and produces paralysis of
the breathing organs. At the same time
it has no bad effect upon the use of
the flesh OF the animal as food. The
Botocudos have very fine arrows which
they carry in quivers- A single culver
will hold a dozen arrows, each of the
size of a knitting needle The Indians
use spears of bamboo tipped with heads
of bone or stone and for hand
fights they have clubs of wood In
the ends of the clubs they put the teeth
of animals. The spears are sometim es
timed with teeth dipped in poison.
Most of the Brazilian Indians are
skilled in trapping and hunting. The
museum has many fish traps made by
fish can swim in. but cannot get out.
Many fish are taken by poisoning the
water -For-~this a vine called the
limbo is used. 1t is bruised and thrown
which are so affected that the fish un-
der the surface are stupefied or suffo-
Gated. They rise to the top and are
easily caught. Fish are also speared
by torch light and are killed by these
poisoned arrows from blow pipes.
4 X
Another Indian tribe of which the
museum has many relics is the Mundu-
tributaries. There are large, tribes of
them along the River Tapajos. These
Indians are much like our Igorrotes of
the Philippines or the head-hunters of
Formosa. They capture and cure the
heads of their enemies. There are a
number of specimens of cured heads in
the museum. One such head is shaved
except at the crown, the space over
each ear being decorated with bright
feathers. The head has not been re-
duced in size, as is common among some
of the Indians of Peru. Its features
have been perfectly preserved, the eyes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

having been filed with rubber or gum
and pieces of white bone inserted
therein to represent the whites. The
mouth is closed with black gum or rub
ber --..
The director of the museum tells me
that these savages- are fast dying out
and that many of the tribes now in ex-
istence are becoming civilized. During
my stay in the museum, some. of the
civilized Indians came in. They were
dressed in blue calico, and at first I
thought this might be a uniform, and
that they, might belong to one of the
institutions of the government 1 was
told they came from one of the schools
education of the red race.
Returning to the Mundurucus, they
nave some curious customs They tat
too, and man is not ready for mar
riage until he has had a good coat OF
that kind A widow is supposed to
marry her brother-in-law. They make
a pretense of carrying off their brides
by force. They have their medicine and
witch doctors; and Bates. says that all
sicknesses which they cannot under
stand they believe to be caused by! a
worm in the part afflicted. The witch
doctor pretends to take out this worm.
To do this. he blows on the place where
the pain is, first filing his mouth with
the smoke of large cigar. He then
sucks the place, and after time is
able to pull the worm from his mouth
and show it. Mr.. Bates was able to
get possession of one of these worms
thus taken out. He found it to be the
white root of an air plant.
In talking about the Indians and look
ing over the relics, came across sug-
gestions of cannibalism here and there.
1t is said that there are still cannibals
far up the Amazon valley. and that
some of the tribes are even now eating
their old and infrm members. Not long
ago Lange, a traveller, published story
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24
FROM THE UPPER AMAZON.

Formerly, instead of the word ''protec-
ton" was the word "catechisms," and
the work among the Indians was al
most altogether thar of the church. In
deed. the Catholic Church has done a
great deal for the red men of Brazil.
When this country was first settled the
Indians were enS1aved. They were most
brutally treated and one of the priests
said that within thirty years, this was
about 1915. that 100000 Indians had
died of sickness or succumbed to the
brutalities of the white men. In the
eighteenth century Pope Benedict XIV
issued a bull communicating any one
who enslaved the red men, but it was
long after this before slavery of the
Indians was abolished in Brazil. The
church has missions scattered over the
country. The Franciscan Sisters have
a station at Itambacury in Minas
Geraes, where they have 1,2O0 Indians.
The nuns are teaching the Indian girls
spinning, weaving and flower making
have a number of mission stations and
in Minas the Capuchins are working.
According to the present plans of the
government, the Indian territory has
been divided into ten districts each in
charge of an inspector who reports an
nually upon their condition to the di-
rector general. 1t is proposed to settle
the Indians in their own districts and
to give them the same advantages as
the immigrants, with the exception that
they will not be allowed to dispose of
their allotments. The government in
tends to preserve the tribal customs
and internal organizations of the tribes
as far as possible, and to use the chiefs
in bringing about their reform. In
other words it expects that the red
men shall reform themselves as far as
possible, while the government pro-
tects them from robbery on the part OF
their fellows as well as on the part OF
the white man.
The government will open free schools
and will endeavor to create model col
onies for the installment of such tribes
as are unable to exist in the districts
they formerly inhabited.
Agricultural experimental farms Will
be established in each district, and
there will be day and night schools
and workshops for the use of the In
dams who are already pacified. In
dian settlements are in course of con-
struction in the various states, and the
work of improvement Is well under
way.
In Matte Crosse the terrible Miami
biquares have been pacified by the In
dian director. who is building tele-
graph line through their territory. This
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24
Lost.

~ EN-. LEONARD WOOD was talking
VI at the Plattsburg camp about the
sin of cocksureness
Gen. Sherman" he said. .'once got
word during a battle that Roscoe, his
favorite horse, had been killed by q
cannon BALI So he sent for his serv-
ant and said
Go skin Roscoe
why. general said the man. IL
Roscoe dead?'
The general frowned martially.
Never you mind whether Roscoe Is
dead or not he said. You go skin
him.
1T was evening when the servant re-
turned with Roscoe's skin on a push.
cart.
docs it take you four hours to skin
horse" asked Gen. Sherman. impa-
tiently.
Z" No, general; only one hour. said his
servant. But it took three hours to
catch him."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24
A misunderstanding.

ID UTLEDGE RUTHERFORD of the
Nv Friends of Peace said in a stormy
argument in New York:
I'VE pacifists are as misjudged by you
militarists as the poor dead sailor.
"A poor dead sailor was about to be
buried at sea, but all the lead weights
kept on the ship for these sea burials
had been used up. and SO big Jumps of
coal were substituted.
The usual service was held over the
dead sailor. and then the corpse, sewed
up in canvas and with three or four
hundred pounds of coal hanging in q
dozen big Jumps from the shroud. was
shot into the sea-
las the corpse disappeared a sailor
friend addressed it, sadly:
We'll. joe, he said, L always knew
you were going there, but I'll be burned
if 1 thought they'd make You carry
your own COAL"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

of his life among the Mageromas. He
says these Indians trap their enemies
in pits and eat them. He declares they
are fond of human flesh, and that
among them the greatest of delicacies
are the palms of the hands and the
soles of the feet properly fried in the
fat of the tapir. In the past the Mum
durucus fattened their prisoners be-
fore eating them, giving them to their
wives during the time they remained in
captivity.
The Brazilian government is now do
Ing what it can to convert the civilized
Indians, although this movement has
been very late in it's organization.
There is now an Indian bureau, and in
1910 the president of the republic sign
ed a decree creating the present serv-
ice for the protection of the Indians.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

all trades and all industries have not
recognized the need.
The Hurley suggestions have given a
new impetus to the movement and have
served to assist many in making a
diagnosis of their own commercial ills.
The reflection of this is found in the
generally commendatoryc comment found
in the trade and class journals.
The big thing of immediate advantage
in the plan is making simpler and
sounder the matter of the business man
obtaining credits to which the volume,
character and record of his business
countancy, in this connection. are
merely means to the end. uniform sys-
tenn of credits. But the benefits of
accountancy systems flow in other dl-
rections. too. for they furnish material
for that thorough analysis of BUSH
ness that is necessary to any complete
understanding of it.
Financial institutions. as indicated
by banking journals. find merit in the
Hurley plan. Anything which will
standardize credits benefits the banks
as well as the business men.
This country" said Mr.. Hurley re-
Gently, in discussing his plan and the
work of the federal trade commission.
has got to the point where. in the
matter of trade. it is turning it's
thoughts outward. We are looking
abroad for markets. By reason of the
war the worlds trade is in an abnormal
condition. but sooner or later peace
will come. and then. in the foreign
markets, we will have to meet the
keenest competition of industrial and
commercial nations in which efficiency
in all the elements of business has
been brought to a scientific basis.
Hence the necessity for American bust
ness being equally exacting in its
methods.
* X
Excellent though the systems of ac-
countancy we have in some concerts
may be, it is true that accountancy
generally, in the matter Of exact cost
keeping in particular, has not got up to
European standards. 1t is not to our
credit that SO many of our larger es-
Establishments have men of alien birth
and training in their accounting, audit
ing and. business analysing depart
ments
"Accountancy as 6: profession is de-
veloping rapidly in this country. but
not all business men as yet recognize
it's Importance. Thorough and accurate
knowledge of the cost of production is
something that every business man
ought to have, but it is something that
relatively few of them possess.
This is distinct handicap to the
granting of credits, and a handicap
which ought to be overcome"
A dynamic person is this vice chair
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

larger. There are many of these plugs
among the exhibits of the National Mu-
scum. Some that l measured are disks
of a light wood three inches in diam
eter. They aie almost as big around as
pint tin cup.
The third and fourth families to which
the Brazilian Indians belong are the
Caribs and the Arawaks The CARDS
inhabited the islands of the Carihnean
sea. They are supposed to have orig
mated in the plains of Goyaz and Matto
Crosse and from there to have Travelled
northward The Arawaks were orig
Amazon, but they were also spread over
central Brazil. The Caribs were fero-
cious and warlike. They We're cannl-
balls, and Columbus described them as
such. The color of the Caribs is that OF
"copper", but it varies in the different
tribes. They have long black hair and
features somewhat like the Chinese.
The people pull out all the hair on their
bodies except that on the head. In some
cases this is SO even to the eyebrows.
The Arawaks were physically I'M
equal to the Caribs, but they were more
civilized, weaving cloth of various
kinds and working in stone and gold.
Their tribes were scattered throughout
Brazil, and they reached to the Car1b-
bean and most of the West Indies Is
lands Their chief descendants of to-
day are found in the Guianas, although
some of the tribes here come from
them.
During my visit to the museum I
have seen relics of most of the
Brazilian tribes and models typical of
the most famous of them. They have
plaster figures here of the Botocudos
with the blocks of wood in their lips
and also the civilized Tacunas, who
make most beautiful hammocks of
grass cloth embroidered with feathers.
The Tacunas live along the Amazon
and they use poisoned arrows as a
means of defense. The museum has
many blowpipes. such as are used to
about an inch in diameter and from
ten to twelve feet in length. They are
made of a hard wood. which is split
and then followed out. After that the
parts are glued together and wrapped
with rattan SO that they are perfectly
alright. The arrows are about foot
long and as thick as a darn1ng needle
They are as sharp as a needle. On the
blunt end of the arrow is wrapping
of cotton so made that it fits into
hole in the blowpipe. l am told that the
Indians can blow these arrows to dis
lance of fifty feet or more. The poison
is put on the point and sometimes 1t
covers the upper part of the arrow. 1t
is deadly.
Many of the Indian tribes use these
arrows not only for fighting, but for
the killing of birds and other game.
They have one kind of poison which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24
Copyright, 1915. by Frank C. carpenter)

Copyright, 1915. by Frank C. Carpenter)
RIO DE JANEIRO.
q HAVE spent Il part of this week
in the National Museum of Brazil,
talking with the director and
q others about the strange Indians
of this country. The government here has
been paying great attention to the
collection of ethn illogical relics and it
has now one of the finest exhibits
known of the Indians of this part of
the world There is much yet to be
discovered and the scientists of the
country are collecting material and
preparing reports that will give new
information regarding the Indians of
the South American continent.
We look upon North America as the
home of the red man and upon the
territory occupied by the United States
as about the only home of the typical
Indian The truth is the Indians of
our country have never numbered more
than a few hundred thousand. The
great bulk of the red race has always
lived on the plateau south of the Rio
c." - on the South Ameri-
can continent. The Indians of South
America numbered millions at the time
the new world was discovered Amerl-
Gus Vespucius and others found Indl-
ans along the north and east coast Of
Brazil and later they were found in
great numbers on the Orinoco and
the Amazon. Pfzarro, when he went
south to conquer the Indians. found
millions of these semi-civilized people
living on the high pla:eaus of the
Andes, and we now know that there
was a great population running along
the western half of the continent all
the way from Panama to Patagonia.
Just how many Indians there were
in Brazil at that time we cannot esti-
mate. They probably numbered sew
eral millions. They were found along
the whole coast and in the great al
luvial basin. The white men enslaved
them. They killed them by thousands
and, Notwithstanding the Jesuits OBJ
tanned a decree from the Portuguese
government freeing the Indian slaves,
they were kept in servitude here and
there throughout the country for more
than two hundred years. AS late as
1907 A H. Keane, the geographer. esti-
mated that there were 100000 Indians
still in Brazil. I am told that this
is an underestimate and that the pop
ulation is probably a million or more.
There are vast tracts in Brazil that
have never. been explored. The coun-
try, all told, has an area as large as
the United States proper and it has
three states-nameiy, Amazonas, Coy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1915-10-24

dition of his business entities him. His
legitimate operations are curtailed.
But in reality, he may be safe FISK
for a several sand-dollar credit
The bank, not being curious to pry INTO
his affairs does not know that. So his
credit remains on the basis OF his
church and lodge associations with the
bank president.
One may apply the same thing to the
growing factory. which has found its
genesis in an inventors idea, perfect
ly good idea, resulting in the manu-
facture of an article for which the de-
mand is strong and certain. 1t is axio-
matte that the little business man and
the struggling inventor of today is the
big business man and the captain of
industry of tomorrow But the strug-
gle toward tomorrow is needlessly diff
fcult. To make it easier is the thought
of Mr.. Hurley. He knows. He has been
through it all. He has had to meet
pay roll" and business men know
what that means.
The average citizen is prone to cfassi-
fly all business into two classes-big
business and little business There is
reason for this idea, although 1t is not
entirely accurate Nevertheless, be-
tween big business and little business
is broad and almost unoccupied Held.
The great majority of the business of
the country is little business. Why
does not more of it move forward, at
least into the intermediate zone?
Out of his own experience Mr.. Hur-
ley answers that it is because of the
lack of two things-accurate knowl-
edge of it's own condition, which means
the absence of proper accounting
methods. and absence of credit. 1t is
his hope to cure this condition.
But not by regulative action 1t is
not Mr.. Hurleys thought to force any
thing on the business world. True re-
form liz this. in all things. must come
from within. By combined voluntary
action in trades. industries and classes
of business only can the principles he
suggests be put into effect, and that
through the cooperation of recognized
chartered accountants not in the gov
eminent employ.
In other words, Mr.. Hurley's sugges-
tions are based on the idea that the
commission can help business to help
itself.