davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15
Onyx Is On Exhibition

A. l.. Taylor received the fol.
lowing letter this week from r..
A. Jones, President Of the New
Mexico School of mines;
San Diego, Cal, Jan. 8, 1915.
My Dear Mr.. Taylor Your
cards and samples Of onyx ar.
rived and the samples have
been placed in a very conspicuous
place, and | hope the exhibit
will do you good. Itis certainly
a fine specimen. Your cards
will be placed in the hands of
our publicity commissioner who
will arrive here by the 18th inst.
We have one of the most beauti-
full collections OF minerals on the
grounds and New Mexico is
certain TO profit by exhibiting. /
expect to return to Socorro in
four or Ave days. Our exhibit
and state building are attracting
more people than that of any
other state display. With best
wishes, f. A. JONES.
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15
Attention Republicans

The republicans of this vicini-
~ are contemplating the organ.
ization of their party here and
want 10 getin touch with all the
people of this political faith who
live in the valley. A meeting
will be called in the near future.
adv COMMITTEE
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15
Ladis. Aid Ts.

Mrs. w. G. Hoover will enter.
tain the Ladies' Aid next
Wednesday afternoon with a
Silver Tea. All the ladies' Of
Colum bus will be very welcome.
1t has been the custom to make
an offering, at the teas in the
past, and this custom is to be
continued; so do not sorget your
purse.
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15
Army Chief in Columbus

General Hugh l.. Scott, chief
of staff of the U. S. Army, and
Lieutenant Colonel Robert h. l..
Niche, spent Monday night in
Columbus. Gen. Scott was on
the border on a peace mission
in which he was entirely success
ful and has returned TO Wash
ington city.
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15
The Meaning Of Spirituality

generally calls TO your mind one
who is Interested in religious
matters (using the word religious
in its broadcast sensel. The dis
tinction is frequently drawn be
tween snch u person and one
who is anxious about money,
physical comfort, pleasure and
reputation Unfortunately,
this distinction is only theoreti.
cal, for sometimes we find these
same things existing side by
side in the same person People
can show great interest in re
ligious matters and yet by al
close inspection of their lives it
will be found that the worldly
concerns are being very care.
FULLY looked after Have you
not known people who seemed
to be very anxious about
spiritual things, so called, while
very careless about such ordina
ry common things like honesty,
fairness and Justice. There
may exist alongside of a strong
belief in the power of prayer a.
nature very narrow aud selfish.
1t is possible, too, to find people
who are greatly concerned
about conversions and yet un
concerned as to what the indi.
vidusl is converted TO. And, on
the other hand, there are people
who are generous, good and
loving, having IA passion for
social righteousness and yet
they are classed as unspiritual
simply because they do not take
an interest in religious matters
(using the word in narrow
sense). And here let me say to
those who have told me that Re
ligion and Socialism are one and
the same thing, simply because
Socialism seeks to ameleorate
the workers. Socialism, like
any other ecohomic dsutrine,
may, or may not be, spiritual,
according to the motive that
governs the acceptance of II.
Why are you a Socialist Why
are you interested in religious
matterss For what you may get
out of il for yOurself-or for
what you may put into il of your
own lie and character and ser
vice for the good of others. Ac
cording TO the way in which you
answer this question, determines
whether your religion is spirit.
ual or whether your socialism is
spiritual.
Perhaps it will help matters il
/ define these respective terms,
it may be that we do not agree
on first principles.
BY Socialism l understand
tina. the means of production,
distribution and exchange shall
be owned snd controlled col
lectively,' nothing more or less
and the means of attaining this
have nothing whatever to do with
the meaning of the thing itself
Next week / will have more to
sly about this.
q. II. BOddingtOn.
,
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15

Mrs. j. l.. Greenwood enter
tanned the Whist club on New
Years eve. There were twenty
guests present and all spent q
pleasant time. Refreshments
we're served. This item was
overlooked last week.,
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15

hifl tiit sui llitNN hif hlifNf
the total water is about forty
per cent OF the dry weight OF the
soil The total surface Of soil
grains in an average plot one
foot square and ten feet deep is
ten acres.
Average western soils under
arid farming conditions contain
about fifteen per cent water 10 q
depth of eight feet
Rainfall reaches 10 "a depth of
about ten feet in the soil 1t is,
therefore, necessary that the
soil TO this depth be capable of
storing moisture Even after
harvest, it is important To stop
evaporation and keep this deep
soil moisture in. Ii this is not
done, the surface evaporation
will gradually draw up the deep
er moisture and the ground Will
dry out.
The average field capacity of
soil for water is two and five
tenths inches per foot. IL is
therefore possible to store
twenty five inches OF water ia
the upper zen feet of soil. The
most fundamental principle of
moisture conservation is to pre-
pare the land so that the water
will soak down deep into the
soil away from the action of the
sun and Wind This prin
ciple would apply particularly to
this district where the spring
winds are so severe Deep fall
plowlng is one of the best
methods with which to store
this moisture in the soil. On
the average deep fall blowing
has saved about one half a years
moisture under dry farming
conditions 1t would, therefore,
bea great aid under irrigation
farming. Fail plowing means
the thorough use of a disk and
harrow in the spring
IL is much easier 10 store the
water in the fall and winter
when the temperature is low
than it is in summer when the
temperature is high. Air at
temperature of 100 degrees
holds nine times ar much mois
ture as air at 30 degrees.
Evaporation is influenced by
L. Temperature.
,. Air movement.
B. Relative humidity
The evaporation from land is not
so rapid as that from water be-.
cause of the capillary attraction
between soil particles and the
water. Soils rich in sOluabie
substances are harder to evapO-
rate. Evaporation occurs only
at the surface where the sun 5
heat acts. The loss of surface
water draws up the sub water
by capillarity. There IL a con
stant effort made by the water
film 10 attain uniform density
throughout the soil A dry sur
face bseaks capillarity and the
evaporation lessons Tillage
lessons the points of contact
among the soil PARTICLES and the
little capillary passages are thus
broken up. This process Ot
breaking up the capillary tubes
as applied TO aled practice, is
nothing more or less than cult.
yation. Thorough cultivation ne
duces evaporation about fifty per
cent. The greatest evaporatio !
losses are made when the soil Is
wettest, therefore, cultivation
should begin at the earliest
practical moment after water
has been applied.
The three main requirements
on the part Of arid land farmers
10 be successful with soil trent
ment are:
/. Water storage in the soil
2. Prevention 81 avnDorati9n
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15
The Conservation
Of Moisture

which fen during the last month
has probably placed enough
water in the soil to furnish at
least good irrigation Assum-
ing that it takes three acre feet
to raise crop in this district,
and assuming that three inches
of rain fell in the month of
December, aud assuming that il
costs $1,000 AN acre to furnish
three acre feet of water, the
three inches of rain fall wOnld
save on approximately ten thous
and acres under cultivation, in
the neighborhood of SS,OOO.OO.
1t is easily seen that the saving
of that amount is worth while.
Ii seems superfiuous to suggest
anything about the conservation
of soil moisture in this arid
region, especially as irrigation is
rather expensive, but / trust
the following suggestions may
not be out of place.
The roots of plants rather
than the leaves supply the
moisture. We must therefore
look TO the soil for the water
supply In arid farming, long
experience has shown that mois.
ture must be gathered from
seasons other than that of plant
growth. Extensive practice in
other irrigated sections has
shown conclusively that moisture
is not needed in the growing
season il stored in the soil
depths duriLg the dormant
seasons, This has proven TO be
a very ecopomical practice be
cause the irrigation can be per-
formed, to a certain degree, in
times when The demand for
labor is not so pressing Re.
cent observation tends TO show
that the application of water
during the hottest weeks of
summer works considerable
damage. If possible, the mois
ture should be stored At other
seasons and means taken To con
serve this moisture during the
hot season, that is especially
notable in the Salt River Valley.
The most successful irrigators
do not apply water in the months
of July and August.
DRY farming" is hardly prac
tical here, but the large amount
of rainfall that fell during the
last month is worth conserving
! have heard many a man ON tile
street say II / had only had
wy ground plowed so THAT this
moisture could soak in" We
muse take advantage of every
drop of moisture that nature
furnishes us, we must also con
serve the moisture that is pump.
ed from the depths.
Rainfall escapes in three ways;
/. Surface run off.
,. Surface evaporation.
.. Removal from lower soil
layers ty various processes.
Tho space between the soil
particles is about fifty per cent.
1t is this porous space that per.
mits the storage of the moisture.
A large percentage of the soils
of this valley are very tine IN
texture and closely packed. We
are all familiar with the fact
that large areas of our soils will
not take water" This is simp-
ly because the soil particles are
so fine that there is little storage
capacity between the particles.
We must improve this porosity
by deep blowing, deep cultivation
and the use of organic matter.
The latter can be done with
leguminOus plants, as well as
with farmyard manures. IL is,
however, difficult to get plants
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15
Heaviest Vote
Ever POlIed Here

day there was a much larger vote
cast than has ever been recorded
heretofore, there being 154
votes polled. At the precinct
election here two years ago there
was only IS votes. At the last
election held ON the Bird day Of
November 80 votes were polIed.
More interest was taken in Mon
days election than has ever been
shown in any election held at
Columbus The officers elected
were constable and Justice of the
peace, and the present incum.
bents were reelected Judge
l.. j. Peach was elected by ONLY
majority of seven votes and the
constable, MIR. T. A. Hulsey,
was returned to Office with the
narrow majority of three votes.
There were only two candidates
out for each office, A. J Evans
being the other candidate for
Justice of the peace and O. Il.
Rogers for constable. Either
of these men would have filled
the positions in a creditable way,
and ran a good race.
Peach and Hulsey haye made
first rate officers in the past and
the people have reasons 10 ex-
pect the same OF them in the
future. They were elected by
small m.jorities, thougl, they
are at the service OF all the peo.
pie aud il is up to Us all as citi.
zens TO stand by them.
The democratic primary held
last Saturday for the nomination
of candidate for Justice
resulted IN favor Of l.. j. Peach.
B. M. Reed received 40 votes,
and Peach IS, there being only
50 votes cast.
Columbus now has a vote that
must be given some cOnsidera-
tion in all the county elections.
with the rate Ofincredse of voters
that we have had for the past
two years continued until the
next election Columbus will poll
at least $50 votes. There is at
present well over I75 qualified
voters in the precinct, many of
the voters OF the Cap country
falling to come in Monday, also u
few from all over the Lower Min
bres, The need of unity Of spir'
IT and acuon Of our citizens is
becoming more and more appar-
ent all the time. Let's get to-
gether, let's stand together, let's
pull together, brethren If we
deal in envy and strife and can
not forget ard forgive the little
things that continually arise
which really amOun, 10 less than
nothing, what kind Of a commu'
nifty will we have within ten years
The most 0l us are here 10 make
our future homes LeLs make
the Lower Mimbres a place
that we will be glad to'Oa.i our
home. The people are what
make desirable locality The
resources ETC. of course helps
and we have most all anyone
can wish for in this line. and our
people are just as good AS can be
found anywhere, and the only
fault anyone can find is the ina
bilitg 70 forget our little differ
ences. The things that have
brought up the little things
have all been settled, and We're
settled right. Forget them life
is too short TO spend in this way
IL is the lack Of a sound mind
that causes us 70 worry over
split milk.
Now that the election is past
hard Fought, no one can say thai
" was not fair and square IN
evNry way. let's bury II and al
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15
STATE or NEW MEXICO)
County OF Luna 81

l. w G. Hoover, President and W.
Blair Director and L. Greenwood Director
Columbus New Mexico bank organized
of NJ NJ oath duly
dposeh the above and foregoing statements
Liabilities Dposor paid deposits and
paid Capital Stock bank close Of
business December 81, 1914 correct and true
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1915-01-15
STATE BANK REPORT

Columbus State Bank OF Columbus Me-"
Mexico at the o business December 81, 1914
RESOURCES
, 1915-04-03

"Froin the moment ! entered the cellar l
saw no more light and l believed that |
hNd become blind, rs my mind conld not
conceive That the ruins covered the cellar
SO completely as to prevent II single ray Of
light from penetrating Though. For n long
time-I cannot say how long-my despair
increased until / became almost frenzied. |
shouted with all my strength until fell
into an apathetic condition, almost like II
coma. This saved my life, for had [ contin-
ned my desperate efforts to free myself |
must have died Of exhaustion.
"By feeling about with my hands in the
darkness l foud q wet 81 OF and moIstened
my burning lips. Thus revived me, aud with
my hands dug u hole in which water col
lected and | was able 10 drink.
"Thus / managed TO exist-how long |
know not, as | lost count Of The dnys-until
yesterday | heard voices above me. Said
0ne:-'All are dead Another answered:-
Quite 50; but let Us recover what we can of
our property.
Il aroused myself to make q supreme
effort and screumed:-I an alive here in
tie cellar. Michel Carolo.' Those persons
above me, l an told, Thought it was n ghost,
but | continued my cries ant convinced
them that Il living mnn WAS imprisoned in
The ruins. They came to my rescue, and IN
about thee hours | was free. '-Bur6udos
GIobe, I4gch 18th.
, 1915-04-03
EARTHQUAKE VICTIM BURIED ALIVE
BrscuEp AFTER BEING EsromBED rs DAYS.

Rome, February 8
Red Cross workers in earthquake ruins at
Pnterno Yesterday heard faint means aud, on
delving into the debris, excayated a man
mined Cairolo, who had been imprisoned
there for twenty-five days.
Tie man, who is thirty years OF age, had
nothing except SONS water during his time.
He was uniujured and when taken in AZ
automobile TO the nearest town was able to
aligbt from the machine without assistance.
STORY OF SUFFERING.
Few men Lave lived to tell a stranger
story than that of Michel Cairolo, who WAS
extricated from the earthquake ruins at
Palermo yesterday, after having beer impris-
oLed for twenty-five days without food.
Signor Cairolo is recovering from the effects
Of his experiences, which he was able to
describe to-day.
when the earthquake occurred, he said,
81 attempted to escape, but found myself
blocked within a stable by the ruins. Be
meath the stable a cellar was being excayated
from the rocks. I made my way into his
excavation and so avoided being crushed
10 death.
, 1915-04-03

with, it is believed, successful results, These
officers started in moonlight on Thursday
morning md both returned safely.
Advlces from Washington state that at HE
request of the British Foreign Office the
United States Note on the Order in Council,
instead Of being published simultaneously
today III the United States and England,
will not be published until Wednesday next,
the Weekend and the Easter holidays max
ing its postpouement desirable.
The Treasury Return for the fiscal year
just ended shows Il revenue of 226 694, $50
pounds, M increase Of nearly %, 500, 600
pounds. The Budget anticipated an expen-
dlturo slightly over 2O7, 0 $1,000, but the
actual expenditure was under 5GV, 500, 200
pounds, the war accounting for the entire
353, 100000 pounds increase. 10 meet this,
1916, 000, 080 pounds was raised by war loan
ISSUES, and at the end Of the year the bal.
anco in The Treasury was 83, 400, 952 pounds,
The ordinary revenue was 7,488,08O above
the estimate.
During an argument before the Prize
Court upon tho r,qnisition of the cargo Of
foodstutf5 Of The "Wihclmina', the Grown
Solicitor introduced a hitherto unpublished
order IN Council, presiding that the Crown
mn1 reputation any neutrai ship
The Paris Police shy that a seorch
Of the villa belonging to Swoboda. now
under arrest on suspicion Of causing
the fire on the French steamer LA
Tourolno, has disclosed a photograph
of three men IN German uniform, with
Swoboda in the centre They also found
maps and discriminating documents, which
however are not described. NJ. Raziet, a
bunker and "a business associate of Swoboda,
euN.G flint bA l,r1l,a gf relations vritb tRo
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-03-11
GOVERNOR SIGNS
ELEVEN MEASURES

SAT- Correspondence.
OKLAHOMA CITY. March To
Governor Williams today signed the
following bills. q.
BY Chase OF Sowafs M Davidson
~ Tulsa Providing for inspection of
refined Oil'and gas, etc
By Durlut: Providing iOr addi-
tional help IN office OF attorney gene
eral
BY Sykes and Hudson: Providing
for sessions of the county court at
Broken Arrow.
BY Harrison Of Hughes: Providing
fer sale Of lands by the state taken
on foreclosure proceeding.
BY BAH. Providing Tor a clerk OF
the county court at CollinsVlle
ny smith: support Of Connell
school Of agriculture.
BY Williams. Support Of GOOdwell
school Of agriculture.
BY Hunter Of COmanche and Cot
ton: support Of Cameron school OF
agriculture.
BY Pinkham: Appropriations from
section l3 and new college funds for
support of certain ed catiOnal institu-
tions.
BY Chase Of Nowata: Requiring
certain county officers to make de-
pOsts Of certain funds.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-03-11
MEXICANS STEAL
AMERICAN WHEAT
In Evacuating PicdraS NcGras Car
rama Forces Looted tho
= Entire City

EAGLE PASS. Tex. March 10
II was reported here today that when
CarranZa troops early yesterday left
Piedras Negras. the Mexican town
opposite here. a mob looted the Mex"
lean customs house, and four carloads
of corn belonging to an American
citizen were emptied by women and
children. Some six hundred residents
OF the Mexican town are here. and
those remaining in Piedras Negras
have organized to protect property.
Two horses. the property Of local
transfer company. were taken by de-
parting soldiers. IL was said.
villa troops. the report Of whose
advance caused the remaining two
hundred Carranza soldiers to evacu-
ate, have not. appeared, and in Car
rama circles here tonight it was said
the Carranza soldiers would return to
Piedras Negras II villa forces do not
appear by tomorrow.
Governor Acuna, head of the dis
trict in which Piedras Negras Is To-
Gated, is among the refugees here
As far as could be learned here,
no troops were left in Piedras Negras
for police duty.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-03-11
CHOCTAWS HOPE TO
SETTLE AFFAIRS
VIII Hold Convention IN Durant I'm
April: May MandamuS Sec.
rotary Of Interior.
Speci,! 10 The World.

Spoc,! 10 III. world
M'ALESTER. Okla, March i0.---A
general convention Of Choctaw In-
dlans Will be held in Durant early in
April for til" purpose of deciding upon
definite program through which to
attempt 10 obtain u final settlement
OF tribal affairs, ~ that convention,
too, IL VIII be decided whether or not
to bring mandamus proceedings
against tn" secretary Of the interior
to force per capita distribution of
funds now on hand. That plan was
decided upon at u conference OF Chocs
taws here today by members Of tho
committee which prepared the reso.
lution5 which were adopted NJ the Nc.
Alester convention of last fall. The
date Of the convention IS left with
Hampton Tucker. chairman. TO decide,
II was expected that some definite acc
ton In the prospective mandamus
proceedings would he taken at toe
days committee meeting, but mem.
bers decided Il would be best Ia have
another general convention II mans
damus H. decided upon. ChoCtaws will
raise money with which 20 employ prl.
vate counsel. since Pat J. Hurley. tri.
bal attorney. has neglected 10 file
the suit requested by the McAlester
convention.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-03-11
Production in Excess or
Transportation Is De-
fined Waste.
ASKED TO NAME VALUE
Alleged Violations 1t Is
Understood Occur at
observation-disclosures.

OKLAHOMA CITY. March TO-
new conservation oil law were begun
today In the filing Of complaints by
petitioners from the Bartlesvill Mo-
wata. Okmulgee. Muskogee and Ard
more branches Of the oklahoma In
dependent OIL Producers associations
with the attorney-generaFs office to
Immediately take action through the
corporation commission to determine
and fix price OF crude oil at the well.
II Is complained that the oil Is be-
Ing wasted, In that II Is not pro-
duced equitably under the provisions
of the new law. II Is complained that
the oil IL being produced and sold at
a time when there Is not a market de-
mand at the well. and that it is being
sold at price equivalent to waste,
that 1t Is being produced IN excess OF
transportation and marketing facili-
ties.
The corporation commission IL
asked to make ain investigation and
determine the actual value Of crude
oil ina the several fields Of the state.
There are no specific instances cited
In the complaints II IL understood.
however, that 1t will be alleged that
these violations occur in the Ardmore
and Cushing fields.
The attorney-generars office had
not determined today Just how the!
would proceed. Neither did the corr
poration commission know Just what
the next step would be. nor when II
would be taken. The request calls for
ain Immediate Investigation.
The nature of the complaints calls
for. a test of the law under section 2,
as we'll. as section 4. These two sec
tions are considered all that gives
force and effect to tho matter Of con-
serving the oil and arranging prices.
The section has especially been as
sailed as unconstitutional. and the
the proceeding now started simply
means a test Of that section, as well
as the other.
This proceeding echoes a confer
ence with oil men here that has lasted
several days.