davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
REPUBLICAN WAR CRY
WILL BE PROTECTION
Senator Penrose, in Statement,
Outlines Chief Planks in 1916
Platform.

The protective tarin viii be made the
principal issue " the Republican party
In tho presidential campaign next year
Senator Penrose in o statement said that
tho Republican national leaders, who have
been comforting with business men and
manufacturers recently, have decided 10
raise the protective tariff as the supreme
issue at the December session Of Con-
gross, preliminary 10 making tho Issue the
principal plank in the Republican plet'
form next year
incidentally. Senator Penrose said thar
he will be the sponsor Of the proposed
new measure. lie will offer It next win
ter.
"The duties" he said "wln be ade-
quntely protective, and adjusted to pres
ent conditions Some Of the duties may
be lower than they were In the Payne
bill and others may be higher. and new
duties will be added, as in the chemical
schedule where II is evident that this
country has become dependent upon Ger
man trusts and syndicntes for dyestuffs
and several hundred chemical staples
used IN agriculture and the arts"
The Senator, In his statement, sum
married. the results Of the discussions
held to date by the Republican national
leaders into virtual platform for the Re-
publican party next year The platform,
In addition TO protective tariff, will in
Clude
Abolition Of the direct war tax
No Increase In the income tax
Modification OF the laws enacted by tho
Wilson Administration, which have para
lyzed business enterprise and initiative.
Preparedness for war. the program to
include a greater navy and a sufficient
army with adequate provisions for the
machinery of war
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
MARKS s5TH BIRTHDAY
Veteran Physical Culture Instructor
Taught Big Men of City.

Prof Louis Lewis. former director of
physical culture at Girard College. and
known TO many Philadelphians. rs cele-
6ratine his s5th birthday anniversary to
day.
Professor Lewis has trained fully 5000
students IN his time, having conducted a
gymnasium al 9th and Arch streets for
mary years prior to his activities at Cir
ard College.
some of the moro prominent PhiIadel-
phians who have been trained by Profess
sor Lewis include John Wanamaker
deorge Wharton Pepper John g. John
son, Samuel W. Pennypacker. DR.. s n
Herrlek, DR. J William White and DR.
5. Weir Mitchell
FfoIessor Lewis was born In Germany
and Fought uRder Carl schurz at the out-
break Of the German revolution h isls
lie came here m 1850 He is the oldest
member Of the PHILADELPHIA Ttunes-
meinde Professor Lewis has 10 children
81 grandchildren and eight great-grand-
children living. He lives az 1852 Nortb
MarYine street.
Hs VIII celebrate his natal day with a
dinner al the home Of q son. Prof Phlip
Lewis, who Is physical director al ne
Germantown High school
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
U. S. WILL NOT JOIN
NEUTRALS IN PROTESTS
Washington Decides to Work
Unhampered on Problems
With Germany and England.

WASHINGTON, Aug TO-
The United States is going It alone in
its battle for freedom of the seas. The
suggestion by Sweden that way might
be reached, whereby the neutraIs could
combine on protests. has been rejected,
at least for the present. The real rea-
son. although not the one openly as
signed is said to have been the fear that
any such combination at this time would
be msinterpreted in this country and be
criticised as an "entangllng European
alliance"
Meanwhile the American note TO Great
Britain and the reply to Germany i'm the
FRYE case are hanging fire until the
President returns, probably on Friday
The American note is stil far from COM
pleted, as tine President is being more and
more impressed, officials intimate, by the
general demand that it strongly empha-
size the rejection of every single British
claim. SO far as the Frye is concerned,
it is expected that this Government viii
agree to arbltrate the points In dispute.
thus securing definite Interpretation of
the existing Prussan treaty which is in
dispute,
Although plans have not been COM
plcted' there are prospects OF an early
convention here of Southern legislators.
officials and cotton growers This con-
v6ntion, If held, will be one OF protest
against the onerous British restrictions
now crippling commerce and the South
erners will make an effort to stiffen the
back Of the Administration In It's hand
ling OF the British controversy.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
Cripple to Walk to New York

cripple since he was 9, Thomas Long
y years old, of Atlanta, Ga. will leave
the home of Miss Nettie E. Arnholt. 1920
North Broad street, tomorrow, for a hike
on his crutches to New York citv m ,,isit
his mother, whom he has not seen in
years. Long walked TO this city from
Atlanta. leaving there on May u. ana ar.
riVing here several weeks ago. on this
trip he swan all streams, packing his
crutches on his back. Miss Arnholt
whom Long met in Atlantic CITY. Is
president OF the Glad Society, and Is
'shlhs steps toward providing a musical
baritone voice. s'ou
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
TwO Accused OF steaIlnr wiz

Two young men, accused of stealing
Wlre irom the signal system Of the Penn
sylyania Railroad and thus endangerine
trains were held under bail for court
today by Magistrate Campbell at tbe
Front and Westmoreland streets station
They are Jacob Reese, of 2252 East TioFa
stleel. and Stanley Baldwin. Of 2Ols Clar-
ehGe street Detective Murphy, of the
railroad force, arrested them.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
JAILED FOR SHOOTING 4coP"
Heaviest Penalty Imposed on vii.
mington Man.

WILMINGTON. Del. Aug IA rh
heaviest penalty ever imposed IN tba eit,,
Court was placed today on Patrick Cnn-
ningham, who shot Patrolman William i
Davidson on July 5 while resisting arrest
Cunningham was fined $1,000 ana costs
and given i've years IN iail under ~
passed by the last Legislature forbidding
the carrying OF deadly weapons ana wss
hesa under $500 bah Tor the upper CONT
accused ot attempting 70 murder David
The policeman was for nanv s.s.
pecied % ale. but has nov rssoverse -
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
PORT OF PHILADELPHIA
Vessels Arriving Today

Westcrgaard Co. '''' -
10 str Elgiaton tBrl, Hampton Roads ballast
Fhiladelphia- Manchester Line
SIT El Mar. Galveston. otc.. merchandise
Houthern-Paehc Steamship Company
SIR. Hercules uml) Genoa bBlt,rt 1.rt.,.
Davis Co. ""'ley
s,r bgspina q Miohalinos CGreeO, Linn.
ifnngatlantic Line '''''e'
SUI. Arkinsau DAM, Copcnhagen tner-
cnhndise' scandinavian American Line.
loalnh @ lahrIel w, 'nIIaaI,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
Farmer Dies Of Lockiaw

LANCASTER. Pa. Aug. lQ.-Peter Mar
nm. farmer, Of GooaYiile. Is dead from
i2esaaH Last Tuesday De trod on a
nan NJ his barn. which made a wound 10
= aieh htile attention gaa paid sunday
te14aas developed
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10

Elimination matches for places on the
team which viii represent the lst In
tantry at Mount Gretua. Pa. are being
shot on the ranse near Esslugton In tha
hrat match Lieutenant Hunt. reefmentai
staif scored q out of a bosslbla Il
Others who Quallhed we're,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10

CHARTERS
Grain -6tr Weara.da turl as 600 a,isr+ors
20 wee, eoa4t oi lialy 81 Sicily iOs..
NNft ANa ~. N tWu. late Auauef. rfr
Aalgle lb4.l 1i 9ll quarters. thr Gun fs p,slt
pt iiaiy. lia August september. 81.
,Sfeeti q uq9 quartars same.
It aatNFli str afecuhluh. 2aGdU uutftsrs
selte " Aaiaplllca. same rafe
llrl---a Hcnry wIliama. i4O00 bbis
Ne" fof4 e London, private terms
lf iQlrnIQuH elifh fffl 1fNl TONS
tioota of virginia ~ River Plate 8ia gi
STE Naml ka tbrN 21ei tons. same ~
feli1 iAull. 1928 tons Pug
"e tr'ttip 1r Etsi ireland Gaas
a n iendea eith eeepars. Da|iiie
hc'lcrt HrI l0lI t1hs
IE fIIl..tu. nr JAS EfnI.e
~ f iQo rfompt
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10

bidding high for support in the
position
s TO "a Servia Will
territory lies southeastern
Of cerhes
compelled her
in the last
the Black Sea umana is said be prepared to
tentatively
to
potential alkan keeping quiet
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
FREIGHTs AND CHARTFRs


iennage q scarce with d moderate freinbl
InUliIy prevailing. Rates hold stronr ~
l'ealt Ana may 80 higher.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10

Joy-riders ran down and seriously in
lured George Warner. 43 years old. OF
Marcus Hook opposite the plant of the
General Chemical Company, near CLAY
mont last night. Warner was found un-
conscious IN the road and taken TO the
Chester Hospital, where the physicians
said his condition was serious
The Chester police arc looking for the
oeeupani9 Of seYen-passenger touring
car, which Warner says ran him down.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10
BULGARIA WILL JOIN
ALLIES IF PRICE IS PAID


Continued from inBe One
the key to the world war, the diplomatic
agents of every great Power involved
swarm here, their pressure centring
upon him
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-08-10

Dye fumes are said by physicians al
the Frankford Hospital to have caused
the death of James Dubic, 81 years old Of
-5ol East Nenango street The man was
found unconscious at Richmond and
or!hodoA streets after he had started 10
walk TO his home from the Barrett Mann
featuring Company in East Frankford
When he reached the hospital his body
had turned blue and the pulmotor an1
stomach pump We're used IN vain.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17
Kennecott-Braden RumOr.

Apart from the jocose comment that
il is pcssible for Alaska 10 get Chill,
there seems TO be reason for believing
that deal is on or may have been con-
summated whereby the Kennecott Cop.
per Corporation becomes the owner OF
The Braden Copper Mines Company.
Wherever inquiry was made yesterday,
direct answer was evaded, but there
were intimations that the questions did
not lack pertirence. The two prop
critics sfe about as far apart as they
could be and still remain in the same
bemisphere- Kcnnecott being IN Alas
ka ana Brsden In Chill. The former IS
a Morgan property, though there are
Gucgenheim representatives on its
board. including John n. Steele, gen
eral counsel OF the Guggenheim TX
ploration Company. In connection with
The Kennecott- Braden rumor II was
also reported that there might be a
dissolution Of the Guggenheim Explora-
tior Company, part Of its assets 10 be
distributed 10 stockholders and part to
be bought by the Kennecott Corpora
ton.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17
MONEY AND EXCHANGE.

FEDERAL RESERVE DISCOUNT RArE.--For
pam p ainsy d i.,, pr cent ~
CALL MONEY opened a; ~ per cent; highest, !.
pcf r,.t. ..f.t. 10 p-f cent. cosng ~ cent
renewal. IA per cent.
TIME MONEY YES easy. Rates, az s:x ref
cent fo. skis day.. "a 81 per cent iSr Ninety days
MERCANTILE PAPER was IN demand. RulinE
rate TAGS pr cent for best namfs; bank tecopt-
snses - e2s pe' ccai
cTTARINO HOUSE Transactions. - tx
ehsTgs. I7es ass See balances Sss.2Si. SO The
eui Tress'-y was creditor 10 the extent Of $3.50 100
st-B. TREASURY New York bank. gained from
the sub Trasury 81 $4,000 and gained since Fri
FrprRAL RESERVE DISCOUNT RATES ELSE
WHERE Boston. for ten DAYS, ger cent. ~ 70
riac.y days. . philadelphia. aad gsr cent:
Ssy. ,iriy 20 ninety days a. McAmort. ~ 10
nlae'g DAYS. pr cent Atlanta. ~ 20 ninriy days.
,, tyf =, s' nlae,y ,'da a., Il 81 Louis Id p,t
cent. Minneapolis. and "a Per crlt hansas sii'.
H.. o.. ,,n ds,s s pr cent: f1r thirty days ~
for thirty To sixty DAYS. 4: ior sixty 10 ninety
days. "A.
DOMESTIC EXCHANGE PISTON. esii Chicago
MUM 400. San Francisco. i5c premium. Mime
spois exchange par.
BANK CLEARINGs --Ba,tirnore. exchanges. 81 %
saa s0q balances $40 $50. Boston exchange. ''4
Oh. 6ss. balances !3e9Gi99. chicago. eishanse..
i6st.I Sss balance ;tpff 'oa m aae, ph9' ~
changes u. w ~, . S a.,.s 81 "a 80
SILVER NAHKET Bar silver in London ga'
el.d .u ADVANCE ~ I'D: New YORK quotation
ess s0t. a gain q &c. MEXICAN silver dollars
3St. es2c.
FOREIGN NGE-Repo-i' 'hsi rev cred
its had Teen arranged i1r L0uilu here bruus
about a riss o. sterling % 4ss's Ihs ialiAs'
closed Arm Gable and sight rates. London ll7
a gst demand aGs. paris-fable. 2 ~ {.
cheek s8iB Herlin--cahle. N. che,F 70 10
10 Il. checf 10 u sirJ and ninety dy bis.
L.1don ts.nkofsj-sirU days. 1eiAi rin'v DAYS.
AkA
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17
ALLIES BEGIN
TO PAY BILLS
Checks Now Being Drawn on
S72.O0O.O00 Account in Ma
tional City Bank.

Definite details are still lacking con-
earning the proposed credit arrange
nfent between New York and Chicago
bankers and the London joint stock
banks. but II was suggested yesterday
that the first credit will be in the ma
ture Of a direct loan Of $4,000 900 70
be secured by deposit OF British war
bonds in the Bank of England. Unless
present plans are changed the loan will
probably run for six months and Will
not be renewable, the proceeds 10 be
used strictly for exchange purposes.
The London banks that will be the
direct benefciaries of the loan are the
London City and Midland, the National
Provincial, Barclays. PARIS. Union and
Smiths, London Joint Stock Bank,
Lloyd's, London and Westminster, and
probably others.
The British and French governments
began on Monday 10 pay from the pro-
ceeds of the $500 600 600 Anglo-French
loan for goods bought in this country:
Checks were drawn on the National
City Bank, the depositary for the loan,
and the amount available was about
$72,0O0,O00, representing the payments
made by the syndicate members in all
parts Of the country in response to the
call that 10 per cent Of the loan should
be paid in by November Is.
Incidental to this operation the gross
deposits of the National City Bank yes
terday established the new high record
OF 1887 .O01. 900, compared with S5ls,000,-
600 the last previous record. The jump
Of S2l. 100000 was directly attributable
to the deposits in behalf Of the big war
loan.
Gold to the amount of 100000 was
withdrawn from the Sub-Treasury yes
terday for shipment to Holland. This
country is the only one in Europe that
enjoys having the foreign exchanges in
its favor and for this reason gold Is
used to pay for goods instead Of bills
Of exchange.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17

Little is heard nowadays about new
-ernrrnent financing, but such opera
sons. espt cially by the railroads, are
long overdue. With the rise of bonds
and stocks the prospect for success
full sale Of new securities is rapidly
Frightening. Outstanding issues, how
ever. are still below what IS generally
regarded as normal level Whether
thew will reach it and 20 beyond II Is
much debated question. The fact
that no important issues Of new Sc
curities have yet been announced does
not neces sarily mean that bankers. or
corporation directors expect higher
prices I'm the stock and bond markets,
but it tends 10 support that view. II
is universal knowledge that many cor
porations are waiting with impatience
for a favorable opportunity 70 sell
bonds or stocks, that the financing has
70 be done and that while IL may be
postponed a few weeks or months long
er j, cannot be held back indefinitely.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17
Must Reconcile Mainten.
ance of Export Trade
with Army Policy.
HEAVY LOANS DUE
TO THEIR ALLIES
Total Cost of War Likely To Be
Much Greater than Has Ever
Been Supposed.
BY FRANCIS W. HlRST.
Editor of The Economist. London.

London, Nov. 16.-Debate on the
vote for credit has helped to eluci-
date the financial situation a little
The chief talk of our government
now is to reconcile the maintenance
Of export trade and the machinery
Of credit and loans 70 the Allies
with its army policy. A larger sup
ply Of labor is required to expand
our export trade and restore ex.
changes.
According to the Chancellor Of
the Exchequer, we have promised
G3O0,0O0.000 to our allies before the
end Of the financial year. The pres
ent vote of credit for G4OO,OOO,OOO
will last into February, according to
present calculations.
Hopes Of peace, which have as
sisted the stock markets, evidently
are founded on reports of increas-
ing distress in Germany.
A statistical correspondent in
whom I have much confidence makes
the cost of war less than / assumed,
although he starts with much the
same figures for Great Britain and
France, namely, G4,4OO,OOO and
100000. Germany, he thinks, is
spending only about 100000 daily.
Of course, much depends upon
what one allows for currency depre-
citation, confscation and privation.
Actual budget expenditure points to
the total cost Of the war proving
greater at the end than was ever
supposed while it lasted.
The rubber boom on the Stock
Exchange was due mainly to the rise
in rubber, but Java companies espe-
cially will benefit also by the rise in
coffee, as they consist partly of coffee
plantations.
In view of the detection of their
STATS by enlistment, London banks
contemplate closing an hour earlier.
This obviously will shorten the
money market operations as well as
the banks and Mincing Lane. From
all accounts the rush of men to re-
cruiting stations in all parts Of the
country his been prodigious.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17

Com showed ye-y steady under;one. and It was
thought that n T. had not been for tie decline IN
wIeaf prices would have shown substantial gains.
A. 10 was the msrke, showed rrsisan-s % pressure.
ali Al the close - the day was uet unchanged 10
Nc lower Weather conditions were favorable Tor
curing the crop and lsrzer receipts ara sntici-
laLel iu th8 near future The trAbs has been mtcl
im plessed oy the reports ~ great amount %! low
grade corn however and underlying seatinslt seems
10 favor Inc buyins side Al least Tor the dttAut
p01itl0ns In the local cash market No yellow
corn vas quoted al I5isc. prompt shipment
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17
COTTON DECLINES
UNDER LIQUIDATION
Spread of Killing Weather Too
Late to Cause Demand-New
Crop Reports Awaited.

The cotton market was lower ytstsr.
day under scattering liquidation, par
ticularly in the near months. Tho
spread Of killing temperatures TO tho
Eastern belt came too late In the sea-
son to inspire any active or aggressive
demand, and talk of full ginning re-
turns served to encourage confid~nca
in the recently increased estimates or
the yield. January contracts, which
had sold at ll.95c Monday morning. do
clined to li.72c during yesterdays lato
trading. The general list closed Lar
" steady at net decline OF IL 70 Ia
points for the day.
Liverpool was fairly steady, but
showed no anxiety over the bad wealth
err news from the South. The market
here opened at decline OF 10 10
points. After showing net loss
about IL to Ia points, prices rallied
or points from the lowest on cover
ing. 1t also seemed at first glance
that reports that the National! Gin-
ners' Association made the ginning 70
November IA 100000 bales .hads
rather a bullish impression on senti-
IT ant Later, however, these returns
were compared with 1910, which pre-
duced a total growth of approximately
$4,000, 900 bales, and prices reached ths
lowest level of the day In the late
trading.
represented switching from near to late
months. Houses with Wall Street Goa
nections seemed to be liquidating near
In tan n
placing with purchases OF later deiiV-
cries. On the otheg hand, spot house,
bought near months, selling May OF
July, and Liverpool straddlers ep-
neared TO be doing the same. These
latter onerations we're supposed 10 rep
resent a transfer Of straddle interest
M attractive differences, as January
here was selling 100 points under jan
uarv-February in Liverpool yesterday
morning, while May was only 127 points
mnder Mav-June. Such operations
naturally reflect little more than an
adiustment Of technical conditions, and
there was little In the days trading
to suggest any really aggressive GEN.
timent.
Predictions as TO the more remote
course OF prices are pretty well d.
vided. Il looks as though smaller
traders were inclined 70 feel their way
from day to day pending better hhe
on the governments crop estimate. or
some change in the spot situation
Southern spot markets, as officially re-
ported, yesterday were UNCHANGED 70
IL points lower. Exports for the day
were 1882 bales, making 5la 200 SO
far this season, against 94O,o9s iass
year and S,426,525 In 1913.
Range OF pries: v..,.,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17
topics OF DAY
m WALL STREET
Anaconda Vies with Steel
for the Leadership
of the Market.
CopPERS DOMINATE
THE DAYS TRADING
o;e,ro Bond Prices Foreshadow
Issues of New Securities
Big Investment Demand.

:, Il. popular appeal the market was
..r,v al eoppers yesterday. Over
49, :, ,4, reported that a big selling
- - mad raised the price TO 10 cents,
80 .Syspee Of half a cent in two days.
49, stories were heard, too, about
80, consumers besieging agencies
-. ,bs metal. Domestic consumption
=. 90. said. had at last begun in car
o,, Anaconda, Utah, Chino, Ray, In
,nirstiOn. Shelters all the coppers
.rd near coppers had their share In
oonular favor Between Anaconda Cop
~ and United States Steel there was
R,ts 10 choose ir point Of activity, the
bonr.bv-hour chroniciers never agree
ing on which was ahead, though Steers
, ,o7sI until very recently had far out
5istanced tina, Of the copper stock In
,be end Steel seemed 70 have won out,
bv about 5000 to- $4,000
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17

Tie oats market was oly moderately actiyo and
ceip,s were liberal and b a,l.reets visible showed
a. Increase o, s. 81. 900 bushels The local cash
marAot ass steady. No white quoted at II ,1@
42c. No white. 40n&iIc: ordinary 70 fancy
tipped. 4Oh4GLc. a.. elevator.
RYE.
Marks. firm; No Western. 81 oeN. / New
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17

In connection with inevitable new
financing the question is often asked
What will happen % the prices OF out
standing issues" Unless there Is a
much greater advance in the price OF
bonds In general new bonds will have
10 bear higher interest rates than is
sues put out by the same companies
few years ago. That is. they will com
pete with the older Issues, whose pos
sbilties Of advance in price are more
limited. On the other hand, In a cool
many cases their lien on the property
is likely 70 be much inferior to that
Of the earlier bonds because, 20 f; as
railroads are concerned, az least. there
is comparatively little line left in the
United States which is not already COW
cred with first and second mortgages,
x not more
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1915-11-17
Big Investment Demand.

In a letter on the investment situa-
ton. Knauth. Nachod & Kuhne say, in
part: "The public 81 buying bonds in
way that suggests definite revival OF
investment confidence. u is the best
bond market that. we have bad fer
many months. and with the disburse-
ment In January 81 more than $780,
10000 In dividend and interest pay
Tnents the fund awaiting investment
IN the United States will probably
reach record figures. The demand IS
both intelligent and discriminating
High grade bonds are advancing and
ne supply is fast being depleted. The
situation Is the more remarkable when
d IS remembered that this market has
bad TO absorb within sixteen months
fully ss00.00O.00O Of foreign own !
American securities, besides financing
about $4,000. 900 in loans and credits
% the belligerent governments"