davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Red Lake news. [volume] (Red Lake, Minn.) 1912-1921, 1915-09-15
WHY WE CULTIVATE.

WHY WE CULTIVATE.
In order to raise good crops, we must
plant good seed, and have rich soil, but
without the proper cultivation the crop
can not amount to very much.
TO know what kind of cultivation is best
suited for the different kinds Of crops and
soils, and when we should cultivate requires
experience and a study of the soil and
plants.
We cultivate to pulverize the soil, con-
serve the moisture, make plant food avail
able and kill the weeds.
Good cultivation should begin with the
proper kind of blowing and by this is meant
a thorough pulverizing of the soil. 1t is
impossible to make good seed bed Onpoorly
plOwed land, because the harrow cannot
accomplish what the pillow has left undone.
Proper cultivation regulates to a certain
degree the water and food supply Of the
plants, from the surface down. Soils which
have the same degree of frmness from the
surface down are full of minute pores, which
act as capillary tubes these tubes or pores
tend to bring the water IN the soil to the
surface when it is rapidly evaporated.
Flowing and narrowing breaks up these
tubes and thus save and store the mois-
ture in the seed bed for the use of the plants.
Soil that is not sandy has a tendency to
bake after the water which has stood on
it sOaks in the ground or evaporates. Thus
if the soil is not cultivated the plants will
turn yellow for want of air in the soil, the
ground will crack and the plants soon die.
When there is a great deal of moisture
as there is this year the roots will grow
To no Of no 4 w
vate deep we will cut off the roots and ex-
pose them to the sun, roots grow for mois
ture and if there is not plenty near the sur
face they grow deep in the ground.
If ground is we'll cultivated and a dust
mulch formed about four inches deep, mOis-
ture can be held all summer. In the dry
farming belt where it does not rain from
April to Sept this is the only way crops
can be raised.
Good cultivation hastens those physi-
cal and chemical changes which are neces-
sary to render the plant food in the soil
available for use by growing crops. Stir
ring and pulverizing the land changes the
mineral elements like potassium, calcium
and phorphous from insoluble to more solu-
BILE and available forms. The air admitted
into the soil renders the inactive nitrogen
available as nitrates Decaying or organic
matter is also necessary to promote ferti-
lily, but it's effect is greatly increased by
good cultivation. Each particle of soil is
brought in contact with particle of ferti-
lizing material and is encircled thereby.
Flowing and narrowing are the best ways
to keep weeds out of the soil Poor blowing
and lack of proper cultivation have caused
Continued Page ~
Red Lake news. [volume] (Red Lake, Minn.) 1912-1921, 1915-09-15
WARNIN9,

The introduction Of intoxicating liquors
into this reservation or its sale to nom
citizen Indians is forbidden by law under
a penalty of Imprisonment for not less
than sixty days
See Act Of January 30. 1897 (2s State
L. 6O6)
Red Lake news. [volume] (Red Lake, Minn.) 1912-1921, 1915-09-15
MINNESOTA INDIANS EXHIBIT AT
STATE FAIR

MINN ESUIA INDIANS EAHIBII III
STATE FAIR
St. Paul, Mimi, Sept. 1O.-Chippewa IN
dian handiwork, useful and ornamental,
comprising the largest collection ever as
sembled in the northwest, are displayed in
two booths in the Agricultural building at
the state fair under the direct patronage of
the United States Indian department. 1t is
an official exhibit as Walter F. Dickens
superintendent of the Red Lake reservation,
is at the fair under direct orders Of his
official chief
Largest Exhibit
Here are found birchbark canoes without
q bit of metal in them, rabbitskin blankets
woven from strips of hide, all manner OF
buckskin articles from hides tanned in In
dian camps, and beadwork in plenty. Mr..
Dickens believes the bead work to be the
largest display of it's kind that has ever been
brought together.
The Minnesota Indians, it is estimated,
obtain $4,000 and 100000 a year by sale
of beadwork, and Oh that account the gov
eminent encourages the red women to do the
work and the white women to purchase their
products. Most of the articles also are use
full The collection includes rush mats,
cedar bark mats and bags, sweet grass
baskets and bags,
Canoe Construction Puzzles.
The construction of birchbark canoe,
always a puzzle to a white man, is plainly
revealed by having the finished boat and raw
material displayed side by side. White
cedar splints, light but tough, form the
frame work, ribs and all; large sheets of
birchbark, wholly impervous to water, com
poses the outer covering. Then with the
tough rOpy roots Of the balsam to bind the
frame and to attach the cover to the frame
and pitch from the spruce for the seams
the Chippewa fashions a light serviceable
boat equally useful in a grassy lake, for
est stream or Lake Superior.
One booth is devoted to the Indian schools
Of which there are several, notably at Red
Lake. Leech Lake and White Earth. The
boys are taught farming, carpentry, tailor
ing, harnessmaking and blacksmithing in
way that makes them practical workmen.
The girls are taught weaving, basketry, sew
ing and other domestic arts and all are
taught penmanship and drawing.
% Per Cent Industrious.
'Indians can be taught to work and be-
come selfsupporting," declared Superintend-
ent Dickens today. ''This does not mean
that a man of 30 who has spent his life i'll
the woods and has learned to subsist by
hunting and fishing, will become modern
progressive farmer but if we can get the
boys and girls young enough and keep them
until they are skilled in various occupa-
lions, we find that 50 per cent of them can
be counted upon to engage in these Occu-
pations and remain industrious citizens.
1--WE have at Red Lake a full-bloOded
Chippewa who draws 500 month as a
forester Another ull-bloOd, who never has
been off the reservation is in charge of the
Red Lake news. [volume] (Red Lake, Minn.) 1912-1921, 1915-09-15
RED LAKE, MINNESOTA, SEPTEMBER IS,

steam plant Other Indians are saWyers
in the agency sawmill and some are farm
erS.
"Then there are many who are farming
for themselves and doing so intelligently.
They are clearing their lands, blowing and
handling the soil properly, purchasing stock
and are wholly Independent.
''The patience Of the Indian women in
their beadwork ought to be convincing as to
their industry. A patchwork quilt, made
by Elizabeth Wells, a full-blOOd, contains
1889 pieces, all beautifully stitched. All
that is needed is to give them a fair start
and fair chance" Exchange.
Why, didn't know there were any Indi-
ans in Minnesota! Is this work done by
Minnesota Indians? There are no Indians
in Minnesota, are there? Aren't they
splendid penmen? Isn't that lace work
lovely? Just see the lovely butter. Did
the Indians really do this? ETC., etc. Such
we're the remarks fairly rained at the In
dian Exhibit, Minnesota State Fair, Sep
TENDER 9th to 18th.
Approximately 100000 people attended
the Fair during the week. The Indian ex-
hibit was housed in the Agricultural build
ing, Just across from one Of the four large
halls or wings of the building and opposite
Uncle Sans Parcel Post display. To say
that our booth attracted great deal of at
tention is expressing it in quite modest
terms Visitors fairly swarmed in and out,
and many came back the second and third
day to examine the work and ask ever and
ever so many questions. Hundreds of peo
pie cOmplimented the penmanship exer-
cises of Joseph Green and Joseph Needham
The free hand drawing from the various
schools came in for it's share of praise.
The tall corn stalks from Leech Lake, the
canoe from Red Lake, the splendid vegeta
bes from Vermillion Lake School, the beau
tiful sewing from Cross Lake, the Cakes
bread, butter, etc, from Pipestone School,
the domestic art and science display from
White Earth, and in fact all exhibits were
highly praised. The birch bark canoe, with
it's display of raw materials, the reed and
rush mats, sweet grass and birch bark
baskets, and bead work excited many favor
able remarks; and no booth was quite so
popular as, "N[innesota Indians Exhibit.
"A number of Indian visitors registered
at the booth, among them being Carrie
Beaulieu of Red Lake. Gus H. Beaulieu of
White Earth, G. r. Beaulieu, also of White
Earth. Nathan J. Head of Red Lake, Rebec-
ca Williams and Lye Williams, former
Flandreau students, Lizzie Wells of Pipe
stone school, Rebecca Wells who attended
day school at Eggleston, Mimi, johnson
Williams, aged "a years, and his wife, Jane
Williams, full bloods, John w. Carl of Nah
nomen. a former Haskell student, and Hon.
Theo H. Beaulieu of White Earth.
The booth was also visited and graciously
complimented by the Honorable w. j.
Bryan, who kindly registered Senator
Moses E. Clapp also registered and was
pleased with the Indian display.
(Continued Page ~
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30

SSrVHERE are several things which
 A have made women pay more at- tention within the past few years to keeping down their flesh than they had been doirg'' says pr. Watson l.. SaE- age Dress had a good deal to do with the sheathlike gown. which showed eV- cry superduous ounce of flesh. and about the same time came the slit skirt exposing the ankle.
 -aThen about this time/theFe came into the public eye number of persons whose slenderness was noticeable There was Annette KelIermann in swimming,
 who was a slender slip of q girl All those things influence persons.
 .sfJo one need have superhuous flesh. It depends upon herself The flesh may be due to three things-to the manner of. eating, dressing or the lack of exercise. It does not depend upon the amount eaten so much what is eaten or going a long time without food and then eating a hearty meal That is a great secret. We never keep a meal from a fat man, but we put flesh on a thin one by letting him get very hun gry and then feeding him. Any re- strfction in dress which affects the cir c11lation may produce flesh
 -.eMost persons who want to reduce are beyond middle age. The athletic girl of today may be among the women who will reduce tomorrow. It Is usual ly the case with man athlete that
 when he drops athletics he puts on flesh. Go to any of the mems athletic clubs and notice the older men who are sitting around-the 'has-beens' of ath- Ietics. You will usually see that they have waists twice the diameter of what thev were when they were in train ing. The athletic girl will be likely to do much the same thing. It is the wo- man who has married and settled down who begins to put on flesh"
 One of the newest methods for re- d11cing flesh is in the form of ''mechani- cal rollers and they come from Chi cago. They are the invention of a man who made a fortune in mining devices l and retired to enjoy his wealth. In this recent invention <he turned his skill tc a. flesh reducer to aid a friend This
 was a woman who had been resortine
 to the practice of rolling. Most stout lwomen in the privacy of their OWE
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30

rooms are trying to reduce by rolling. Rolling 100 times in one direction and 100 in the other will have a good ef- feet. The only trouble with this is that it is likely to make the patient seasicki SC that she may have to give it up.
 The Chicago man set to work, and the rolling machine is the result In it smooth wooden rollers are fixed per pendicularly in a machine which works by electricity. The patient, man or wornant-and both use it-standse or sits in the machine, turning around at tn- terva1s while the rollers. do their good work Standing, the flesh. below the waist is reduced and on the sitting pa tient the flesh on the shoulders and back. The results are marvellous.
 There are any number of things that aid to cut down the flesh, such as me-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30
g Jam and Jelly Lore

tarts, etc. Wipe 1t well, cut in Inch long pieces and lay on large dishes cov- cred with slightly crushed sugar in equal proportions. Next day turn into a pan and add ground ginger in the proportion of one-half ounce to every pound. Boil very fast for one and a half hours, stirring carefully. and keep well skinned.
 Cherry Jam.
 This is nicer, with bread and butter or scones, than almost any other. Wipe the fruit. remove the stones put in pan a pint of red currant juice and three pounds of preserving sugar and boil fast for five minutes. Add four pounds of cherries (weighed after ston- ing) and boil gently, stirring frequently and skimr1ing 1t well till the fruit is perfectly tender. and the sirup will jelly when put to cool Pour into small, dry jars and cover.
 Vegetable Marrow Jam.
 Pare, seed and dice the marrow; place in a deep earthenware vessel. To each pound of fruit allow one lemon and one orange very thinly sliced. sprinkle over it in layers three quarters of a pound of sugar to each pound of fruit and leave for two days. Strain tho sirup and boil for half an hour, skirnming it we'll. Put is. the fruit and boil till tender; then add a few blanched and shredded aIrn- onds and a teaspoonful of ground gin- ger to each pound. boil five minutes more and pour into pots. This, is a very good t-breakfast iarn'' and most kUsefm far "open" tartS
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30
Consider Well the Color
 Of Your New Gowns

MUCH of the success of a gown de-
 bends on it's color. Soft dainty tints predispose one at the start in fa- vor of g. froclz. while shriel1ing. blazing shades are apt to repel on first sight Only the most stril<ingly. plain designs can carry off a vivid color. while a pas tel shaded material can be done up in the most complicated of models.
 This years tafetas are so soft in weave that they resemble foulards. The colors, too. are beautifully soft for evening gowns. One sees great many combinations in co1ors in evening gowns. For example, one little frock seen recently was done in two shades of pink pussy willow silk, a dark tone and a lighter one. The skirt was a se- ries of gores, alternating the light and dark shades to yery stunning effect The scalloped skirt was finished off with rows of tiny rufhes to give it this years necessary fullness.
 Those who prophesied that high neck bands would not really arrive till the winter have been proved false prophets With truly feminine inconsequence we have elected to begin them in the sum- mer. and all the new blouses. especially those for afternoon wears are cut Z1tE
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30

high collars of organdie or batiste. with haring points which dart outward from beneath the ears. It cannot, be denied that they are exceedingly smart. and there are certain phases ot them which tempt one to forget and forsalSe the more comfortable low necked waists
 A charming, dressy waist seen recent 1y had a deep yoke and front composed of plain forgetmenot blue geOrgetta crape, fastening from the top of the col- lar band right down the, front With a row of tiny coral buttons The sleeves and whole lower part were of the mate rial, finely accordion plaited-
 Fine tucks form the sole ornamentae ton of many blouses and have very pretty effect while practically all las@ tenings are H5uttons, large or small Aa has been said. collars will play the role ! this season as regards the sna-Ftuess os the waist.
 Even the high "choker," carried ous in finest transparent lawn and held up 1 by invisible bonings. are among tne novelties; also a deep friu of wired chiffon or soft muslin rising up all round so as to almost conceal the chin It is said that before winter black stocitz 1 in satin. n1oire or taffeta will be com sidered extremely sunart e Hs''
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30
2 G

turn our sorrow over and over in our minds. seeing in it ever new phases of misfortune? NoI Let us stand up be- meath its weight, no matter how heavy the load may seem. and. with our eyes fixed on the glimmer of light, let. us walk swiftly out of the dark paths into the sunlight
 Once we have learned to walk on the sunny side of life darkness will have no further terrors for us for we will carry our sunshine around with us in the depths of our hearts. The sunshine
 of the mind is far warmer and brighter
 than the sunshine which we see and feel with our physical senses. f Once weShave gained the true. sense of real mental sunshine we will have the means to pull ourselves out of ev- cry slough of despond without any out side aid. For just as Bunyan,4 ''Pil-
 grim's Progress" was mental, so it is with all of our journeys through life ! What we really accomplish must first
 be worked out in mind.
 Learning to pick out the gleam of light from the dark path, learning how
 to avoid the sloughs of 'despond and I how to walk in the sunshine is not easy but even the attempt at 1eaFning these lessons brings the reward of happiness
 and peace. Every little effort in the
 right direction brings such beautiful
 returns that the only wonder is that SC L. Now Is the time to try! Let us be-
 gin today the attempt which will lead
 us into the. sunny paths of life. In-
 stead of thinking of the petty annoy
 ances of the day, which stay in ou1 ! minds, ranking and irritating. let us wipe out the memory of them. When
 a disturbing, unpleasant thought comes | to trouble us let us fill our minds i with lovely thoughts that there will be no room for the inharmonious ele- | ment.
 It is only a small beginning to wipe
 the discordant thoughts out of ou, minds, but by beginning so we grow ac-
 customed to h0eboring only beautiful 1 ideas and when the time of big trouble comes ws will know how to meet it ir the right way. Once the mind has tlearned to know only lovely things ii will automatically seek the silver lining
 when the dark cloud appears on the horizon
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30

]: |; =: ::::s T ::;
 their own resources. But, though our own designers rack their brains for new and unique ideas to present to their home people. the fact remains that they are subtly influenced by the Parisian viewpoine which this season means that practical. simple styles will predorninate.
 Paris, according to the reports of the newspaper correspondents stationed there, is a city much changed from the gay, brilliant, careless city which those Of us who are fortunate enough to have been there know and love. It has felt and Is showing the war strain.
 The gay restaurants are less bril- liant The women who ,reauented them have disappeared These women. the famous belles of Paris. who spent many thousands of francs each year for lux urious clothing. are now scattered. Possibly some are employing their time in rolling bandages and knitting and sewing. Who can tell Perhaps the war has wrought one of It's many won- drous changes. and the delicate fingers which were won't to toy with the frag- lie stem Of the champagne glasses may now he plying the needle in the en- deavor to relieve the sufGerings of llu- manity instead of adding to them?
 Then there are the famous hostess
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30

lfSH1s 4s jam and jelly time. Now,
 while fresh fruits are plentiful is the housewife's busy period putting up all sorts of delicious confections which will prove extremely welcome six months hence. The following recipes are English In origin and may be help eul to the American housewife:
 Gooseberry Cheese.
 ' Wash and pick. say, six pounds Of gooseberries. put them in 9, large pan with about a teesupfu1 Of water, just enough to keep them from sticking. Stir occasionally and cook till quite soft Rub through a sieve, measure and . weigh the pulp and replace in a clean pan, with one pound of preserving sug- ar to each pound of pulp. Boil for about forty minutes until a little tried in a saucer will set quite firmly. Put Into small pots and cover.
 Danson cheese can be made just the same. and these conseves, in which skin and seeds are rejected. are cer- tainIy more wholesome for little cail- drer.
 Raspberry Jam.
 Pick the frI,it carefully and put 1t in Q pan on a cool part of the stove for twenty minutes to draw the juice. Add the sugar (eauaI weight) and stir well and often till it boiIs. Cook till some of It win set stffHy when cooled.
 Rhubarb Jam.
 Thfs is cheap and is best made when aaa xhR6aER ls almost Dast using for
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30
9h1agRrQ,.ss84a
"REDUcING' REDUCED TO A SCIENCE

rchanicaE horses, rowing boats and a fine waist reducer which. if the work put into it was done on a. farm. would nearly blow field, and there are all sorts of games which can help also
 It used to be said that yielding 6 broom was one of the best flesh re- ducers known and that the only reason it was not used more was because iE was useful and did not cost anything With the 999 kinds of microbes that ara now known to exist in dust and the use of the vacuum cleaner. methods which used to be considered sane and sepai- bIe are now taboo. Reducing Of any kind, however. is not to be recommend ed to the woman of slender purse, for fs means too many changes of wardrobe. To lose six inches around the waist means new gown.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30

feet.
 The sailor is to be the hat par excel. fence of the season Made in velvet satin or tulle 1t Is suitable, aeeordiBq to the material used, for morninE. aft ernoon or evening and for any age. col or or condition of serTitude to fashion dom. Developed in velvet it is shov7r in the illustration at the top right gracfngg the Iuxuriant white locks oi the middle aged woman Uncurled os- trich feathers in black and white make a handsome trimming for this charm ing ehapeau. Only two figures are Jeff for description. the two lower ones un- der the beautiful lady with the silvery hair. The evening coat is of plush. very soft and with a beautiful pile. Tha skirt is very full and at the back ia confined under a half girdls of rich metallic embroidery. The upper part is cut with kinono sleeves and a high Ecoffar.
 The sports coat and skirt at the right and the last figure in the picture ara very pretty and smart The coat is of crimson corduroy and is buttoned s5- vereIy from the throat to the waist line. The skirt is of gray flannel, per fectly plain save for the buttons which ornament the front
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30
THE SUNNY SIDE OF LIFE

LIVERY cloud has a, silver lining. no
 matter how black 1t may seem. And if your eyesight is keen you can look right through the outer covering of darkness and see the silver lining shining through NO matter how great trouble you may be in, there is a. bright side to it if you know how to look. Bust at first your eyes may be blinded by the appalling darkness of 1t all, but the minute you become accustomed to 1t and begin to look around you will see little gIinners of ths light shining through the bIackness.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30

lack something of the startling quail. ties which have made of Paris the fash ion center of the world so long,
 Even the evening gowns show this desire for simplicity. as may be seen by consulting the figure at the right of the illustration which is presented today. For all its charm of silhouette and ma terial this little dance frock is sim pIicity itself. The material is tuIIe- rose colored clouds of it. The irregular hem is piped with rose colored. satin, and the girdIe is of the same shade of
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-30

satin. An upstanding fr1n gives a unique style feature to the bodice. which is simply wisps of tulIe.
 The silhouette changes are very slight and all tending toward modera-# ton. as is evidenced by the high collar, narrow shoulder, slightly nipped in waist line and the set in s1eevs. The full skirt is not so full as to be bur- densome, the conservative width being from two to two and one-lnalf yards for tailored gowns and two and one-haIf to three and one-half yards for even