davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gilpin observer., 1915-12-09

Henderson & Teats have finished
painting and papering the interior OF
the city hall. The wood work has
also been grained and the place
shows a delightful improvement.
Gilpin observer., 1915-12-09

Sheriff A. S. Gundy held a public
sale Of the wet goods Of Ella Visin-
tine, who formerly conducted sa-
loon in Russell, Monday. The goods
were brought to Central for sale, and
found eager buyers.
Gilpin observer., 1915-12-09
NOTICE

''Alias Jimmy Valentine" a world
film corporation. 5-reel picture will
be shown at the opera house on
"Wednesday night next, Dec. 18th.
Gilpin observer., 1915-12-09

How can the ancient "standpat"
expect to graft a Progressive party
on an old dead Root and have 1t bios
som as z rose?
Gilpin observer., 1915-12-09

The display Of candies in the show
window of the Klais fPnfectionary
store, tempts the old kids as well a.
the young ones.
Gilpin observer., 1915-12-09

]. 8. Kimball has bought the Moy'
le house and will furnish Same.
Gilpin observer., 1915-12-09

obssrver-tAs family papsr-s..oo.
Gilpin observer., 1915-12-09

| a.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30

John Bunny, the comedian
who held a warm place in the
hearts of all children, is dead.
Following a strenuous period of
acting for moving pictures he
was taken i'll at his home in New
York City and a complication Of
diseases soon terminated fatally.
Mr.. Bunny was the prince of the
moving picture business and his
services we're constantly in de-
mand. His income annually
from his work, it is said, brought
him a greater salary than the
president Of the United States
receives. The announcement of
his death will be sad news to the
children and their friends, but
with his death his mirth will not
be ended. His productions for
many years will continue to
please and entertain the little
visitors to picture shows.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30
For Bailif, Fourth District

In the current issue of the
Journal will be found the name
of John Bell Gibson. Of Verona,
who is a candidate for bailiff
from the fourth district. Mr..
Gibson is so we'll known to the
people of the district that no
commentator at our hands is
necessary. If elected he will
hew to the line in the discharge
of his duties and execute with
out fear or favor all papers
placed in his hands. Should the
people of the district elect him
to the position he seeks he would
make them a good officer. He
would appreciate any support
accorded him.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30
Vice President Marshall to
Speak Here

Tupelo will enjoy the rare dis
tinction of a visit from one of
the nations most distinguished
and honored citizens in the per-
son of Vice President Marshall,
who will speak at the Comus
Theatre on the night of May 10.
The Vice President is at pres
ent on a visit to relatives in Ok
lahoma, and during his absence
from Washington will deliver a
number of lectures in the South,
including several in Mississippi.
The Vice President came into
prominence as a candidate for
Governor of Indiana, his native
state. and his. popularity was
shown by the overwhelming ma
jority he received over his oppo.
nent at a time when the State
was considered safely within the
republican columns. His re-nom-
ination by the party followed and
his majority in the second race
was greater than in the first.
In selecting a candidate for
the Vice Presidency at the Balti-
more convention, the democrats
very naturally turned to Mr..
Marshall as the most available
man for the place and the wis
dom of their selection was shown
by the very large majority given
the ticket in not only his state,
but adjacent states.
During his incumbency of the
vice presidential chair. Mr.. Mar
has been in full sympathy
with the policies of President
Wilson and the weight of his
great influence has added no little
to the success of the measures
which have been put through
Congress. AS the presiding of
ficer of the Senate, he has won
distinction as a parliamentarian
and his popularity is not confined
to the members of his own party.
The subject of the Vice Presi-
dents lecture here will be ma
tional Tendencies" and those
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30

The State Democratic Execu-
tive Committee has named Tues
day, August Sd, as the day of
thes first democratic primary to
nominate officers from governor
down. The second primary will
be held three weeks later, which
will be on August 24th. The
committee suggested that coun-
ty committees assess state cam
didates one dollar for their pro
rata of the expense Of holding
the county election. The great
cost Of making a state campaign
should suggest to these commit
tees that the state candidates
should be let off as light as pos
sible.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30
For Bailif, Fifth District

We are requ ested to announce
that G. B. Johnson, of the Fifth
district, is a candidate for bailiff
of that district and announces
his name subject to the August
primaries. Mr.. Johnson is we'll
known throughout the district as
a man of sterling integrity and
fully capacitated to discharge
the duties of the position he
seeks. Should he be elected he
make the district a capable
officer and would appreciate any
support given him.
If it is right, Clopton did it.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30

General Henry A. Tyler, one
of the few surviving members of
Forests famous command, died
at his home in Hickman, KY,
Monday afternoon in his 18th
year. Gen. Tyler was one of
the conspicuous figures in the
cavalry service of the Confeder-
ates. He commanded a regi-
ment at Brice's Cross Roads and
at the battle of Harrisburg. I'm
til recently Gen. Tyler was the
commander in chief of all of the
veterans of Forests command.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30

who are fortunate enough to
hear him will enjoy a rare treat.
Mr.. Marshall will be accompa-
MED by his wife, a lady of rare
culture and charm of character,
and her visit will be of special
interest to the ladies of Tupelo,
who will show her every courtesy.
Tickets are on sale at the Co.
mus Theatre and st; Clair Drug
Co. Being each a reserved seat,
every comfort will be extended
to the patrons on this occasion.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30
p. p. VAN vLEET DEAD.

P. P. Van Vleet, head of the
great drug firm of Van Vleet-
Mansfield Drug Co. died at his
home in Memphis Wednesday
morning after an illness of sever
al moths duration.
Mr.. Van Vleet came to Mem
phis back in the seventies and
for a number of years was a drug
clerk in that city. He was a ma
tive of Michigan and left home
to seek his fortune in the South.
After his clerkship he establish
led himself in the wholesale drug
business and from the first enjoy
ed splendid success. The bust
mess under his direction has
grown to be the second drug bust
mess in the entire country. His
firm for the past quarter of a
century has enjoyed an extensive
business in this territory. His
name has become a household
word in a majority of the homes
in the territory in which his firm
does business and his death will
be regretted by thousands who
did not even enjoy personal &C.
quaintance with him.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30
Notice to Candidates

Our candidate friends are re-
quested to come forward and pay
their announcement fee where it
has not been paid. Collections
of late have been poor, and as
these fees are cash we hope that
it will be convenient for all who
are due us to settle promptly.
Respectfully,
THE JOURNAL.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30

The board of prison trustees
on Monday deposited with the
state treasury SAT, $40. 90, the
balance from a sale of the states
cotton crop of 1914.
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30
Your Ally

In all these ways, Goodyear
is your ally. You do injustice
to yourself when you fail to
secure this advantage. Never
in tire history was such value
given as you get in Goodyear
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30

US S450,0O0
yearly.
1t still has
on. No-Rirn-
Cut feature. 1t
has in each
b a S e 1875
braided piano
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30
The Cooperative Tire
3 Reductions

Note that in two years we
made three bigprice reductions.
The last-on February LIST
brought the total to As per cent.
Yet in costly ways these tires
have been bettered. In not one
iota were they ever skimped.
Our Fortified Tire is still
OMAR cured TO save blow
outs. Yet that one extra costs
The Tupelo journal., 1915-04-30

tires today.
No smaller
makers a
ever give so
much.
Any dealer
will S ply
you. l2327l
La Junta tribune., 1915-01-23
WIN se.rs woss os Brs,se At c....

Work Will BE- commenced next
Monday on the erection Of the bridge
across the Arkansas river at Casa.
five miles east Of La Junts. The
farmers expect 10 have all Of the ma
ieriao oe the old bridge ON the Ground
by next Tuesday night. and the Pu.
eblo bridge Company will BE- on the
Sround 70 commence work early
next week. Tue prospects are that
. beet duap will also be erected at
CAsa this year. providins the nscss-
sary acreage 10 plsdsed. The cost
Of seeesias the bridge. which vas all
subseslbed By the farmers and busi.
neas usa u II Junta. viii b In the
neioAboshood Of e3.7se. and TIE
eouney q Otero wiil not be ovt .
nichle.
La Junta tribune., 1915-01-23
LIS DONATIONS ALL AROUND
~ Company Doaates Two Per
esnt of Gross Resenne 70 vasi-
4 ons Towns = Oesr0 County.

pnder the terms Of the franchise
Of The Arkansas Valley Railway.
Lat and Power Company. It makes
= lonation each yesr for the privf-
le1sAo doing business In the vari-
oue towns In Otsro county. the
cc4nty receiving : donation for the
territory outside Of incorporated
towns. This donation is two psr
ced of the gross earnings OF the
colspany. and this Is paid in addi-
tioa to the regular tax received BY
each town and also the county.
q. w. Miliken. the local manager
Of the company, sent out checks yes.
teFdsy for the various amounts due
each town in Otero county. and also
. check for the amount due Otero
county. The total for the five
towns in Otero county. where the
COMPANY does business. including
the two per cent paid Otero county
for business done outside OF tncor-
porated towns. amounted to ST.
<lA.ta. Tho company. in addition
TO this two per cent OF the gross
earnings. pays property taxes In the
county amounting to $l.354.l2. The
amounts paid TO The various towns
and the county. including the prop
erty tax, are e. follows:
La Junta tribune., 1915-01-23

Grand tolal. :. ......Ss.7ss.ss
QVr mbAlcipal electric light advo-
pees viz . we'll 70 remember that
4 csss ~ have . municipal plant.
! - - ~ xalleys Railway. Asht
andli'ower Company VIII not pay any
taxes 10 the city Of La Junta-either
on the gross earnings or for regular
taxes. Some Of our local alderman
claim that our present water plant
Is worth 100000. The total tax
levy In La Junta last year was 2s.5
mills. and n we had been assessed
last year ON this valuation the tax
would have amounted 10 $500.
That amount would have put quite
a crimp In the revenue Of our
nicipal water plant. aud we would
probably have 10 keep on refunding
our bond issues until Gabriel blows
his last trump--providing the city
had 70 pay taxes like other mortals
hero below. Think II over.
La Junta tribune., 1915-01-23
~ = TAsy wsss ,aasvssa.

~ 4. n. Rehosst ard Mlss llssy
Noql)oP. g Les Anl0as, were 0ee-
~ = ohls slly q hlgh neea Thuss.
daNt ~ ooeo0eny takiae OlAee q
u 0nGoouaoo q ~ DaDs1sl eAueeA.
~ ~. onnaauel Payss efflslas.
D Delnsee y pAyslslas q ~
~ ~ o1o1(ndum. noos L.
AG - ~ ts1le = . M
hql = ~ ~ S11Doeoo1 pedooool
6 ~ ll1V IN nahe ~
= e - on6llQslua.
La Junta tribune., 1915-01-23
LOCAL AND PERSONAL


60. for An indefinite stay.
Mrs. w. E. Sylvester left Sunday
for several weeks visit with her par
ents In Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Mrs. r. L. Cheatman was called
to Canon City last Sunday on &C.
count Of the serious illness OF her
sister.
A. C. Draper visited his daughter.
Mrs. Roy Pierce. at Newton. Kan.
last week, returning home Monday
morning.
I The Misses Ruth and Muriel Esry
attended the revival meetings Of the
Christian church at Swink on Tues
day evening.
b. A. Smith and wife returned
home Sunday morning from Chica-
10 where they spent week buying
spring goods.
Mrs. Fannie Bell, OF Fort Collins.
spent a few days the first OF the
week in this city attending to busi-
ness matters.
Miss Lucille Starr, of Fowler.
spent the week end with the Misses
Jean and Mae Marshall. and Helen
Edwards. In this city.
C. NJ. woolfe and family, came W
from Trinidad the first OF the week.
to visit with MIR. Woolfe's parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Woolfe.
@. X. johnson left Sunday for
Greeley. where he will spend sever
al weeks buying and shipping hay
for 4 Kansas City concern.
Miss Minnie Howard. Of Pueblo.
came down the first Of the week to
spend several days with her parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. b. F. Howard.
Mrs. George Dawson left Satur-
day for Arkansas City. Kan, In re-
Spouse to . telegram announcing the
serious Illness Of her mother.
Mr.. Nick Dyaart left Tuesday fer
albuquerque. n. n. to join her hus-
hand. Who has recently been trans
fsrrsd 10 that city BY the Santa Re.
Mf. and Mrs. J. z. wiswell are en-
joying . visit from their daughter.
Mrs. Robert Olsss. Of Kansas City.
No.. who arrived In this city Mon
day.
7. O. Evans. Who has recently
hssa Transferred 70 Las Vegas. -
ssssral foreman for the Santa Fe.
spsnt Sunday In this city with his
family.
Mn. Dewitt Psals left Sunday for
her homo IN Palestine. Texas. after
spsadlag several weeks 10 this city
with her parsats. Mr. and Mn. c.
A. PhllAouf.
A. J. Rsynoids wsat 70 Dsnver The
firse q the week - visit relatives
ana lsci1snsslly take In the stock
shev. asA other sttsactions In ths
eaDdeal city.
psaAk Weed. VIE has beea sesad.
iag several weeks n this city visit
~ fsisa1s. lsft T1ss1ay Tor 0uaai.
80 - sesu0e hls pesotiea - eDssa-
ese eee ~ .. 3 \. O..
1llss Hsssa Mevey wsat 70 Las
Aa1qas osese1ay svssiag asl q.
eso1e1 . laaes q Hsst LVsa. wAsss
- vos ~ guese nati0 1ea1ey -
Nh loa80ll1an Oau0.
DEXTER Snyder. q Nssalstes. No..
W. sosnt lase vssk With his dassA.
ess.la-law. Mn. BlaseAs oay1es.
spsat tAis vssk VITA fsssads 10
noeky Hoed anl llanaaaela.
Mn. praak CAslsly as1 thsss
eAiD1esa lsls 0uslay ses shslr hsas
u Dsavss. eflse sosaalag several
veess witA NJ Dassass. NJ. ~
MIA 0sesOe MsCasDsy. n sAis ~.
~ was aeee00anle1 he0e ~ ~
fatAee whe sesss1s1 ~ seaee -.
n1oG1esess' 0sseins go etAss a.
ssas11eos whlsA vsee hel1 n thae
eley ~ veek.
: ~ nseh Dsewa asslvs1 10 this
~ 1Doo1avs boeag ealled hees -
0ooooe oe ~ oogloee 1llneD q ~
q y =. =. DNvu, e ~ Ilslbeeek
- ~ suffered . seeeee -
~ - lAt>es Dase - ~ vesk.
- ] - ~ - ~ pask
ASoq1o - r Doaves. ~ ~
- ~, ln1nG ~ . assse.
- ~ pos - ~ ssssss
= ~ ~
..'::s =; q :: . =: = :,:s :;
!. 1:;:.: $: :: = !! & j!
La Junta tribune., 1915-01-23
A.ssa. ss.ss-r ...s ssss-s....

~ L. Juata Industrial Associs.
tioa VII sivs iss annual dlnnss snd
hoo6 les annual election Of officers
nsae Friday evening. The time aad
plaeo - ~ announced later. Anoss
the Queseloas that Will conc W for
coooooosatlon at this meeting ars the
pFoDooo1 nunlcipat light Dlant aad
the oeoe0hoas frsmehsse. row u Q
staeo - slatp quo II The al1ssoaaic
bo1v. 1e you have aay Ideas Or sus.
geGloooo q either of eAeoe questions
you ~ 1avleed - ~ amoag tAoee
pro1ooe and gtve ths sssemble1 0ul'
litu0o ~ bene9tt os youe wls1o0.
w.
La Junta tribune., 1915-01-23
s,ssATss's HARVEST.
ssassssG ressssrs.

Samuel Tsrreacs aled a. ths City
Hospital In this city Moaday after.
aoa. NJ. Tssfencs wss . bsoshsr
Of Mr.. John Msdiean and had come
70 this city oaly . few days Dsios
% his death. He had besa 10 fes
se0s tire and whea ~ arrived hsrs
~ catered tAs hospital fes treat.
asat. but all that physicians eeul1
-. brought 10 relief - tAe suffer.
ss. aa1 tAs ead eams MosAay after.
seoa. Ne was q ysass of ~.
Ths bo1y was shlpDed Tuesday
nlghs - 1eaasas CITY. No.. aeeo0oaa.
~ ~ ~. aal Mn. Mallgaa. wheee
lhs inesfnsas wtli taks plass.
La Junta tribune., 1915-01-23
vv1lllaln vvnllas,ssa.

~ fuassai 4 WilllAn Wllllansea
~ ~ q ~ hono q ~ -, !.
~. Wtllanson, \ ~ ~ 9 5aau-
~ 1olk, voD ~ - 0Geog1op e.
tssseea fren oeeass uooeoon - -.
Nm. ~ lo1egneeo ~ Denoo =
rhlsvlew eouoooey.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-12-24
NEWS o. M \
Iu,ARAuROPS/ :
BUSY CHRISTMAS
FOR RAILROADS
Experience Congestions Early
Today: Passenger Trains
Lose Schedule Time

Christmas will be anything but a
quiet day on the railroads. Indica-
tions are that it will be the busiest
day in all branches, officials have
experienced in year. To-day finds
the yards of the Pennsylvania and
Reading companies jammed with
freight. Schedules for passenger
trs.ns were lost sight of at intervals.
Ehe one principal object in view was
to get passenger and express trains
through, and to clear the way for
such freight as must be handled at
Dnce.
Early morning passenger trains
brought many people to Harrisburg,
and they took hundreds away. The
express and parcel post business has
gone beyond all expectations. Plat
forms at the Pennsylvania and Read
Ing stations to-day were stacked with
packages and boxes. The Express
companies are working extra forces.
but find 1t impossible to keep up with
the rush. The Railway mail service
department is also keeping an extra
force of 100 men busy. Officials do
not expect to have the tons of
Christmas shipments cleared up be-
fore Sunday.
Congestions in the local yards held
up a number of trains to-day. There
is very little room left for storing
freight in either the Enola or Harris
burg yards. Extra baggage and eX-
press cars are filing the local sid
tngs and it required considerable &C
tivity to keep the main line tracks
open. Officials said there would be
no thought of a Christmas shut
down
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-12-24
Russia Determined to
Garry War Through

London, Dec. 24.-The Petrograd
correspondent of Reuters Telegram
Company, writing under date of
Thursday says:
ITO a full sitting of the budget
committee of the Duma to-day, Min
lister of Foreign Affairs Sazonoff made
a long statement on the political situ-
alton in the course of which he said
that the relations with Greece follow
ing the entente allies fortification of
Salonik were perfectly well defined.
He continued:
1.-The occupation of Hamadan and
Kun enables us to prevent the Ger
mans causing trouble in Persia. In
the future it behooves Russia to adopt
firm attitude in regard to Persia
Professor Milukoff put n question
about peace rumors to which NJ. Saz-
onoff replied that thny had no founda-
| ton and reaffirmed the unshakable de-
| termination of the Russian govern
ment to carry the war to Il successful
issue.
The budget committee afterwards
! adopted resolutions affirming that
| Russia could not think of peace while
| the power of the German forces re-
mained unbroken. The resolutions
urged the government. in addition to
military operations, to take direct
measures tending to consolidate the
| Russian influence in Persia
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-12-24
STeeLrOn<s
Big CELEBRATION
PLANS COMPLETE
Community Trees For Steelton
and Middletown; Elaborate
Programs in Churches

Plans for the Community Christmas
tree celebrations in Steelton and Mid
dletown indicate that the affairs will
be the best of their kind ever held in
the history of the borough.
Hundreds of school children together
with parents and friends will gather
around the trees which have been erect
ed and equipped with electric lights, to
celebrate the Christmas season
At Steelton the event will take place
this evening. beginning at o'clock. A
chorus of 900 voices directed by Pro-
fessor William NJ. Harclerode will en-
circle the tree and sing Christmas
songs. Next Wednesday evening the
German residents of the borough to-
gether with friends from Harrisburg,
Will give a program and on New Year S
eve the school children will give the
second program.
At Middletown the presenta ton OF
the tree will be made at $50 o'clock
tomorrow afternoon. The program
will be a short one. including a few
talks followed by the acceptance OF
the tree by Burgess Thomas Jordan
Christmas will be widely observed in
all of the churches of Steelton, High
spfre, Enhaut Oberlin. Middletown and
Royalton. Elaborate programs by
church choirs, Cantatas carols and en-
tertainments by the Sunday Schools
Will be the features.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-12-24
ISOLATED FIGHTS BLASTS
HOPES FOR XMAS TRUCE

gard to the question whether conscrip-
tion is necessary.
British war casualties Cotaled
52S,227 up to December 2, 1t was
officially announced in London to-day.
Italy is to open subscriptions next
month to n war loan which will be
issued at 97ia lire, bear per cent.
interest and run for twenty-five years,
II is announced from Rome.
Bulgars and Serbs Fighting
The Bulgarians and the remnant OF
the Serbian army are again in contact
in Albania, according to Prince Alexis
Karageorgevitch of Serbia, who has
arrived in Rome with reports of a
three days battle near Elbassan. King
Peter is at Avlona, the prince states.
Violent artillery actions in the vicin-
ity of Seddul- Bahr. on the Gallipoli
peninsula, still held by the allied
forces, are told of by the Turkish war
office. Part of the allied fleet, appar-
emily. is lying close in. the statement
reporting an allied cruiser hit by q
shot from Turkish battery.
The budget committee of the Rus
sian duma has adopted resolutions de-
claring that Russia could not think of
peace while the power of the German
| forces remained unbroken, according
to news agency dispatch from Petro-
grad.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-12-24
DR.. Dixon Gives a Few
Tips on Grip Prevention

DR.. Samuel G.. Dixon, State health
commissioner. to-day handed out bit
of timely advice on prevention of that
ache-all-over disease-grip.
ITO avoid this deadly enemy which
is doubling the death rate we must
make sacrifices" DR.. Dixon says.
Keep out of crowded places wher-
ever possible, one person having the
grip may give it to a carload of pas
sengers. Shaking hands, kissing, get
ting too near the mouthpiece of tele-
phones, putting the unwashed hands
in the mouth or on foodstuffs, may all
be means of transmitting the infection.
Always place the handkerchief over
the face when sneezing. Carry a little
bag to put the used handkerchief in
whether it be paper or linen.
"Disinfect the handkerchiefs before
sending them to a public laundry.
Restaurants should lay off those
among their help suffering from ac-
tive grip.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1915-12-24

lContinued From First Page
ers William H. Lynch and Harry F.
Bowman.
The City Treasurership
And in the action of the commits
sloners to-day in putting back the item
city officials foresee the continuance of
the rumored differences between
Mayor-elect Meals and Commissioners
Bowman and Lynch. 1t all hinges
upon the question of the next city
treasurer.
The story of the cut and the way it
came about, according to Courthouse
gossip is this: The 1916 budget, upon
which the mill rate for the ensuing
year will be based, was completed
geteers had worked wearily over the
figures for seven hours. The commits
sioners were pretty sleepy.
The Councilmen We're Sleepy
The police budget, as had been prac-
tically decided, called for appro-
priations of $1,000 for the chief of de-
tectives, $1,000 for a senior detective
and $1,000 for another sleuth. De-
tective Ibach had been paid the $1,000.
While the commissioners nearly
doZed the $1,000 item was Topped out
and the $500 and $1,000 salaries
were left in the budget In effect this
would mean that unless Detective
lDacn was promoted TO the captancy
at $1,000 or was willing to accept the
other detectives job at $1,020, he
would be dropped entirely January 5.
Meals. it is understood, has objected
to the retention of Ibach. Commits
sioners Bowman and Lynch want him
to stay. incidentally, Bowman and
Lynch want to swing DIR. Meals into
line for Harry f. Owes for the city
treasurership. Meals has refused to
commit himself, but 1t is believed he
favors Commissioner M. Harvey Tay-
lor for the place.
The first cards were laid on the