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The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
N. GA. BECOMING
FAMOUS FOR APPLES
Andrew M. SouIe, President Georgia
State College OF Agriculture

A visit to the north Georgia apple
section is bound to be an inspiration
to those who appreciate the power of
an industry to transform idle lands
to productive areas, to successfully
maintain population and to enable
man to find an attractive and remun-
erative employment as well. In this
table land region with it's ideal win
ter and summer climate and with it's
elevation of 1900 to $500 feet above
the sea are found the best natural
conditions of climate and soil for the
production of apples of the choicest
quality as to flavor and which will
keep for long period, and by reason
OF their high color are unusually at
tractive to the consumer.
1t is the home-maker who is a fruit
grower that north Georgia offers the
greatest opportunity Lands suitable
for cultivation can still be purchased
at cost of from $25 to $50 per acre.
To establish an orchard and bring it to
bearing requires no small outlay of la
Dor. One of the largest and most sue
cessful growers in north Georgia re-
ports that it has cost him as much
as $3.50 per acre to clear his land and
bring his trees into bearing at seven
or eight years. This takes into con-
sideration every expense incident to
establishing the orchard and maintain
ing it under almost ideal conditions.
The lighter soils are better adapted
to producing early maturing trees
than the clay soils where trees will
grow slower but last longer. Newly
cleared lands are preferable. AS a
rule, north Georgia land is we'll drain
ed, both as to soil and air, but care
should be taken to select a site to
see that both of these conditions pre-
vail
The College of Agriculture has is
sued a bulletin on Apple Culture in
Georgia which is for free distribution,
and which will be found valuable to
entering upon an apple orchard prop
osition.
The industry is beyond the expert
mental stage, valuable information has
been obtained on the best varieties to
be used, modern and effective methods
of pruning, spraying and cultivating
are being employed with excellent re-
suits. The marketing end of the crop
is being intelligently worked out The
leaders in the industry are some of
the most intelligent and capable bust
ness men in Georgia. In fact, the
foundation is well laid for a great and
thriving apple business for this state.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22

great Importance. One girl is able to
can tomatoes and a boy to pollinate
corn to advantage But such things
follow the training Of the hands to be
useful, and most important of all, to
be skillful.
The third II" stands for training
the heart. Education is of little value
and skillful hands not worth while I'M
less the heart is trained to be kind,
true and sympathetic. Life is only
valuable as we are able to serve 9th.
ers, and as We are served by others.
Kindness is trait of patriotism
which we should strive to develop,
for it means that we are to lend our
sympathy and support to those less
fortunate than ourselves, and that we
all work and cooperate together for
the greatest good to the greatest mum.
Der.
The fourth H represents health.
What advantage to be clear-minded,
skllltul-handed and sympathetic-heart-
ed ii one has not the power through
vigorous health to serve others? Dis
ease turks everywhere about us. We
do not appreciate as we should the
forms in which disease may appear,
and the relative ease with which we
may evade it, if our bodies are in a
thoroughly vigorous condition.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
BEST YIELDING OATS IN
GEORGIA AND METHOD
OF PLANTING
Ross r. ChiIds, Agronomist, Georgia
State College OF Agriculture

The College of Agriculture, in CO.
operation with the office of Cereal
Investigation OF the United States Bu-
reau of Agriculture, is conducting
number of experiments as &c time
and manner of seeding, preparation
Of seed bed and comparative tests OF
varieties of oats.
Oats seeded at the College in plats
in October yielded from 10 to 20 bush
els more per acre than when planted
November 1, indicating that for North
Georgia oats should be seeded in Oc-
tober. In South Georgia, however,
oats do we'll when sown as late as
November Is.
Where oats follow corn that has
been cut and shocked, double-discing
the soil with disc harrow and put
ting in the seed with a grain drill has
given slightly better results than plow-
ing the land and then seeding. The
cost of discing is only about one-half
that of blowing.
Oats following cotton can be sown
about October Is between cotton rows.
The cotton stalks can be broken down
with stalk cutter about February l.
Seeding with drill has been found
to give much higher yields than when
sown broadcast and slightly better
yields when sown by the open fur
rough method.
The Red Rustproof group of oats,
such as Appler, Texas Rust Proof, Ban
croft and Hundred Bushel, has given
excellent results. The Fulghum is an
excellent oat maturing from one to
two weeks earlier than the Red Rust
proof group. It's yield has been about
bushels less than Appler during four
years test at the College plats. In
south Georgia, however, it does quite
as well as any variety with the ad-
vantage of earliness.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
The Al Brand of Boys and Girls
Andrew M. SouIe President Georgia State College of
Agriculture.

Fifteen thousand boys and girls of
Georgia belong to clubs whose motto
is represented by four HIS. They are
the All brand of boys and girls. These
four HIS stand for the development of
the Head, the Hand, the Heart and
the Health. The brand is stamped on
all the products offered for sale by
these club members. They wear the
letters on their breasts emblazoned on
buttons. They display it at the ex-
hibits of the school, the county, the
district and the state fairs.
The first III" represents the train
ing of the head. Very little progress
can be made without intellectual de-
velopment, so an effort must be made
to train our girls and boys to think
to reflect, to look into their problems
and reach definite conclusions. The
more highly trained they are the more
successfully they will meet difficulties
and the faster they will progress.
The second "H" means to train the
hand. The hands, of course, are very
important to the individual, but they
are OF little service without training
One may be able to use the hands for
certain things with advantage, but he
may not be skillful in the use of his
hands. Therefore, the requirement of
Skill and dizziness become matters of
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
Good Profits From A Ga. Stock Farm
President Andrew M Soue. Georgia State College of
Agriculture

The Georgia State College of Agri-
culture is operating a livestock farm
at Athens, Georgia, the total receipts
from which during fiscal year ending
June 80, 1915, amounted to $40, 1885.
This is slightly less than the receipts
for 1914, when they amounted to $780,
355.46, decrease due entirely to the
low price received for the cotton and
cotton seed produced on the farm.
The farm consists Of 240 acres under
cultivation, 1913 head of livestock COM
prised Of beef cattle, horses and mules,
dairy cattle and hogs and necessary
farm equipment. The farm is not very
fertile. Eight years ago it was a run
down north Georgia farm, with gullies,
and had low state of fertility. 1t has
been gradually enriched by proper
farm methods until it is now consid-
erably above the average in fertility
an enrichment largely due to livestock.
1t is estimated by conservative judges
of farm values that the land has been
increased in value by improvement of
soil fertility alone as much as $25 per
acre.
The gross receipts mentioned above,
as $10,335. 46, paid all expenses and left
a net profit of more than $4,000. The
dairy side of the enterprise made a
handsome profit, the gross income
from the herd during the year 1914-15
was $6,552.60, more than half of which
was a net profit.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
MILK FLOW LOST WHEN
PASTURE FAILS CAN
NOT BE RESTORED
w. II. Howell, Field Agent In Dairying,
Georgia State College Of Agriculture

The failing of the pasture in the fall
will cause the dairyman and farmer
serious loss if he does not fortify
against it with supplemental feed. The
COW that is allowed to fall off in milk
flow because of a lack of feed will
not come back to her original flow.
Some Of the grasses lose some of their
feed value toward the end of their sea
son, and while appearing to be suffi-
GENTLY abundant, may, in fact, fall far
short of providing the cow what she
needs. If there is any late green corn
or other late growing plant available,
cut some of il and feed TO the COW.
adding a pound of cotton seed meal
for each five pounds of milk. When
green feed fails, of course silage is the
best substitute, but, in the absence of
that, plenty of good roughage and the
proper amount of concentrates should
EcclIe available as soC2 Ga there is
evidence CT q failing Of the pasture.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
FEEDING GEORGIA
CATTLE FOR MARKET
Milton p. Jarnagin, Prof. Animal ffus.,
Ga. State College OF Agriculture

The most economical method Of
feeding cattle is by the use of the
silo. In the absence of the silo and
for the benefit of the farmer with only
a few head of cattle to feed, a SEIZED
ule of feeding cattle for the market
has been worked out at the College
Those feeds have been selected which
can be produced economically, and
which can be marketed to best adj
vantage by feeding to beef cattle.
Sorghum affords cheap source of
fat. Dat straw and corn slower should
be used. Cowpea hay is advantage
ously used during the last two months
of feeding. Cotton seed meal is the
cheapest concentrate.
In feeding cotton seed meal the fol
lowing schedule is recommended: Nov.
Is, h.; Nov. $40, 2 lbs; Nov. 1920,
lbs; Nov. 21-3O, 4 lbs; Dec. Ito, 5
lbs; Dec 1920, 5h lbs; Dec. 21-3O,
lbs; Dec. 31-Jan. 8, 612 lbs; Jan.
1919, Z lbs; Jan 1929, 71a lbs.
For sorghum feeding the schedule is
oo AShONDs WV" 4-1(CSs - ~ lOosJ OCCs
100, Is lbs; Dec. 31-Jan. 20, 10 lbs.
Oats, straw or corn stover should be
fed as follows: Nov. 1870, 10 lbs; Dec.
100, 71a lbs; Dec. 31-Jan. 20, 5 lbs.
Cotton seed hulls are scheduled to
be fed at the rate of lbs. per day
during the entire period.
Cow-pea hay is introduced in the
feed Dec. l and fed at the rate OF 3
lbs per day till Dec. 80 and lbs. per
day the remainder of the period.
Corn is scheduled to enter into the
ration December / at the rate of 2 lbs.
per day and increased Dec. 81 to 4 lbs.
per day for the remainder of the pc
riod.
All the feeds mentioned, of course,
constitute the ration and are fed to-
gether in keeping with the amounts
and dates mentioned The amount
of each feed is broken into two ra-
tions, one for the morning feed and
one for the evening.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
SEPTIC TANK FOR
THE FARM HOUSE
Prof. l.. c. Hart, Department of Farm
Mechanics, Ga. ST. Col. Of Ayr.

The Department of Farm Mechanics
of the College of Agriculture has fin
ished design for a septic tank to be
built of terra Gotta pipe, and arrange
ments have been made with manufac-
turers of this class of goods to sup
ply an outfit complete. The only in
formation needed is the number of peo-
pie in the family and the class of soil
the drainage beds are to be placed in.
No more sanitary way has been dis
covered for the disposal of drainage
and sewage than by the use of the
septic tank.
The cost for a family of from to
6 should be about $40 to $25 for the
material needed There is nothing
complicated in the installation and the
work can IL be done by the pur.
chaser.
The College Of Agriculture, through
its Department of Farm Mechanics.
will send blue prints to any one an
plying &c" hem, showing methods Of
installation.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22

The success of the dairy herd is not
phenomenal, in the sense that it is so
unusual that only few can hope to &C
complish it. The herd of Jersey and
Holstein cattle has been gradually
built up. In 1907 there were Is cows.
The gross return per COW was then
$S649. The herd now numbers "a
COWS with a gross income per COW of
$193.01.
The increase is due to breeding and
feeding. Pure bred sires have been
economically bought as calves, and by
the use of the pure bred sires the quail
ity of the herd has been increased, al
though there has been a gradual intro
duction of pure bred females whose
descendants will gradually displace all
other animals and make a herd of
pure-breds only. The transformation
from mongrel herd to pure bred is
being accomplished at the least ex-
pense. The profits from the herd
would permit even a quicker CONVEX
sion Of the herd to a pure bred basis
if all of the money had been turned
in that direction. Some of the pure
bred calves are being sold to farmers
for the sake of building up dairy herds
in various parts of the state.
No trouble is experienced in raising
on the farm all that is required for
feeding the livestock. OF course there
are silos, and hay, oats, cotton seed
meal, etc
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
TREATING SEED
OATS FOR SMUT
n. a. chlds, Georgia State College Of
Agriculture

Through the cooperation of the
county farm demonstration agents, an
estimate has been compiled showing
an average loss CT ten per cent of the
oat crop of Georgia due to loose smut.
The forecast of the government
monthly crop report for Georgia on
June LIST was 16,416,O0O bushels of oats.
Figuring on this basis the loss to the
state was 1,S24,000 bushels from smut.
This disease is caused principally
by smut spores which are upon the
seeds when they are planted Any
treatment which kills the spores upon
the seed without materially iniuring
the seed itself results in a clean crop.
The most economical and satisfactory
treatment is the formalin treatment.
Formalin can be purchased from any
druggist at cost of from 40 to so
cents per pint. One pint is sufficient
to treat from rs to 100 bushels of
grain. This formalin should be used
at the rate of one ounce to three gal
Ions of water or one pint to 1850 gal
Ions of water. Stronger mixtures than
this may injure termination.
Spread the grain in a thin layer on
the barn floor and sprinkle with the
diluted formalin. A common watering
pot can be used for this purpose. Be
sure that all parts of the grain are
evenly and thoroughly Sprinkled. then
shovel the grain over several times
until the seed are all dampened with
the solution Heap into pile and
cover with a canvas sheet or sacks to
keep the fumes of the formalin within
The pile should stand for six to ten
hours in this way, when it should be
spread out to dry, stirring frequently
until dry. Put into bags that have
bean disinfected with the formalin so
W&6n. The drill should also be dis
infected before sowing.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
Can The Surplus Of
Sweet Potato Crop
Andrew M. SouIe, Pres. Georgia State
College OF Agriculture

The canning of sweet potatoes is a
this account considerable attention
has been directed to this problem by
the Georgia State College of Agricul-
ture. Two years ago an instructor was
appointed in the Department of Hor-
ticulture in the person of Prof. R. E.
Blackburn. In addition to his teaching
work, ne undertook Investigations
with the canning of sweet potatoes in
the hope of discovering cheap and
desirable method of preserving them.
1t is important to remember that the
potato should not be allowed to cool
from start to finish of the processing.
The experiments indicate that sweet
potatoes may be canned successfully
in quite a number of different ways.
Among those which have given the
greatest degree of satisfaction are,
first, the direct, open process which
requires about five hours; second, the
intermittent open process which takes
one hour a day for three days in sue
q
pressure of five pounds and requiring
two hours to complete the work;
fourth, steam under ten pounds pres
sure and requiring about seventy-five
minutes; and fifth, steam under fif-
teen pounds pressure and requiring
about fifty minutes to complete the
work
The first two methods would, of
course, be better adapted for use in
the farm home than the latter three.
1t was found after many trials that
sugar syrup is of little value in the
canning of sweet potatoes. In other
words, it is best to pack them dry.
1t is advised in conclusion that
steam be used in the canning of sweet
potatoes even in the home A small
Gamer will cost about SIS. The pota.
toes may be successfully peeled by
hand if cooked for forty-five minutes.
They should be packed while hot and
the cans sealed. Tin is preferable to
glass for sweet potatoes. The pro-
cessing should be done under ten
pounds pressure continued for seven
ty-fve minutes. The cans should be
cooled by filling the retort with cold
water before the cans have a chance
to air-cool, or just as soon as the pro-
cessing period is over, and the steam
can hen be allowed to escape from
tie ,e,ort.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
SPRAYING FOR
SAN JOSE SCALE
T. n. Mediation, Prof. Horticu,t,,r.
Ga. State College Of Agriculture

For homemade concentrated lime
sulphur to be used in winter SPRAYING
for San Jose scale, take 80 pounds Of
flour of sulphur, 40 pounds of slaked
lime, so gallons of water. Stake the
lime, mix in the sulphur, add so gal
Ions of water and let it boil for so or
so minutes. Some water will evaDo-
rate. Replace it so that the entire
amount of the solution will be so gal
Ions.
This is the concentrate which must
be diluted with water before being
used on trees. 1t is sufficient tn
make 300 to 400 gallons of spraying
material or sufficient to spray 200 five.
year-old peach trees for scale during
the winter.
To know how much water to use in
diluting the concentrate, purchase a
hydrometer at drug store If this can
not be had, dilute the concentrate by
adding or gallons of water to one
gallon of concentrate for late fall and
winter spraying for San Jose scale.
DiIution Table.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
TO KEEP HOG CHOLERA
FROM REACHING YOUR
HERD
Dr.. A. l. HirIeman, U. S. Vet. Field
Agt., Ga. College OF Agriculture

Locate your hog lots and pastures
away from streams and public high.
ways, and do not allow your hogs to
run free range.
Do not visit your neighbor or allow
him to visit you, if either of you have
hog cholera on your premises.
Do not drive into hog lots when re.
turning from market or after driving
on public highways.
Do not use hog lots for yarding
wagons and farm implements.
DO not place newly purchased stock,
stock secured or loaned for breeding
purposes, or stock exhibited at county
fairs, with your herd, Keep such stock
quarantined at least two weeks. and
use care to prevent carrying infection
from these to other pens in feeding
and attending stock.
Burn to ashes or cover with Quick
lime and bury under four feet of
earth all dead animals and the Wis
cera removed from animals at butch
erlng time because they attract the at
tention of buzzards, dogs, ETC., which
are liable to carry hog cholera infec.
ton.
Confine your dogs and do not keen
pigeons unless you confine them.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
WINTER LAYERS
D. J. Taylor, Field Agent Poultry, Ga.
State College Of Agriculture

II you expect your pullets to lay
this winter you should begin early
10 put them in condition to lay. The
farmers wives who make a success
OF poultry keeping have this idea Of
winter eggs in mind all summer and
select for this purpose.
those pullets that were late Matched
or were slow in maturing, should be
led literally to put on as much growth
and fat as possible to mature them;
but 1t is the early Matched, we'll ma
tured pullet that can be most relied
upon to lay during the winter. Feed
the late Matched pullets literally on
corn, wheat and oats, with a mash
made of wheat seconds or of bran and
shorts, and corn meal with Is per cent
OF commercial meat scraps or cotton
seed meal
DO not neglect any Of the things
That will keep the chickens strong
and healthy. Supply the chickens with
plenty of grit, oyster shell, charcoal
and green feed, and give them the run
OF the farm or of a grassy plot. A
weak chicken will lay few eggs any
tlme OF the year, and especially few
during the winter.
Prepare house for your pullets this
fall so that they will be protected
from severe weather and the rains.
Ihey need this protection to lay la-ge
numbers CT eggs.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1915-10-22
SOME BENEFITS OF
SMITH-LEVER FUNDS
Andrew M. Soule, President Georgia
State College OF Agriculture

In that section of south Georgia
where the boil weevil has so unex-
pectedly appeared, there is much work
to be done to lead cotton farmers into
raising other crops and to instruct
them in the best methods of cotton
production under those conditions. 1t
is therefore, very gratifying to the
farmers and business men of that sec
ton to find that just such service is
provided through the Smith-Lever
funds. With these funds experts can
be employed to go among the farmers
and render the very practical help
that is needed. The foresighted farm
er knows by this time what he may
expect from the boil weevil. This type
of farmer is, therefore, ready to be
advised. The backward and unpro-
gressive farmer will not believe that
the boil weevil will harm him until
the harm is done, but eventually he
will be very willing to receive advice
as to what he must do.
Smith-Lever funds have been instru-
mental in saving hundreds of thou
sands of dollars worth of hogs during
the past year, through the demonstra-
ton agents inducing the farmers to
use cholera serum and by the agents
themselves applying it. The agents,
of course, are supported in part by
Smith-Lever funds.
All that the county demonstration
agents have done to advance farming
in Georgia, all that they have saved
the farmer not only with cholera Sc
rum, but by spraying for the destruc-
ton Of insect and fungous pests and
cattle tick eradication; all that they
have saved in regard to the use of
fertilizers; the better crops they have
demonstrated can be made by improv-
ed methods of cultivation; the improv-
ed and labor saving machinery they
have been instrumental in introducing;
the pure-bred animals they have
brought into the state; the cereal
crops they have led the farmers to
cultivate, the legumes, the fruits, the
truck-all the millions of dollars they
have saved or created is only very
small iota of what the state pays for
it through the Smith-Lever funds.
In addition there are the boys corn
clubs, the girls canning clubs, the pig
clubs, poultry clubs, four-crop clubs,
the domestic science work.
V Besides there are the field experts
that travel from the College doing
work in demonstrating in cereals, fer
tilizers and methods of cultivation on
various soil types; experts also in
beef production, dairying and hog
cholera control.
For every dollar that the state puts
up for projects of the Smith-Lever
funds, it gets another dollar from
the United States treasury, in
amounts that increase gradually till the
full limit is reached. None of the
money can be used for teaching pur-
poses. 1t must be spent out among
the farmers. 1t is, therefore, the
farmers money.