davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-18
LATEST MARKET QUOTATIONS
ed press Assssaens Ts,ssrah Cat. e..
Laased x
Chicago Produce,

SabSo6O bTOOuCG, III
CHICAGO. May 1s.-Butter-Extr,,
26hc; firsts, 5A@26c; dairy extr..
24@25c; dairy firsts, 20@23c
Eggs-Firsts, 1sA@1Shc; ord,n,-
first. 16@17hc.
Cheese-Twins, A@15c; yo,,.
Americas 15A@16hc.
Live poultry Fowls, 15c: dno..
12@13c; geese, s@10c; turkeys ~
Potatoes-Receipts, So cars. M.
consin whites, 40@47c; reds, 35m mo,
Michigan whites, 4O@47c; reds Az
40c. ~
New York Produce.
NEW YORK. May 1s.-Flour ~,
ket quiet. firm.
Pork market steady. Mess, s1s.7;o
1925.
Lard market dull. Middle ~.
spot, $S.0O@9.7O.
Sugar, raw, market firm. Centr,h,
gal test, $3.50; Muscavado 80 tst
$4.12.
Sugar, refined. market firm. cse
loaf. $500; crushed, $3.50; powdered
$6.10; graduated, $6.00@605.
Coffee Rio No. I on spot, TIC.
Tallow market steady. CITY, ST..
country, 81 @6Xc: special, SIC
Hay market dull, weak. Prime SIR
No. 3. 31.00@1.05: clover, 81 .0onl. is
Dressed poultry market dull. Tur
keys, 15@2131c; chickens, l4@21n
fowls, 13h01sc; ducks, 11@20c.
Live poultry market firmer. Gee,.
1oc: ducks. 12W22c; fowls. 13@1Snc:
turkeys, 12c; roosters, 1o1tc; chick
ems, broilers, 80@34o.
Cheese market firm. State milk
common to special. 14@18Ac; skims
common to specials, 4@15c.
Butter market firm. Receipts 1909
Creamery extras, 271.c; dairy tubs .,
@Nkc. Imitation creamery arsa
BIZ @22c.
Egg market weak. Receipts 1911.
Nearby white fancy. 23@23hc; ne.
by mixed fancy, 20@211ac; fresh Il
@23c.
New York Money Market
NEW YORK. May 1s.-Money On
call, 2 percent.
Six months, 2h@sA percent
Mercantile paper, 3h percent,
Bar silver London, unchanged.
Bar silver New York. 49Nd.
Demand sterling. S47sM.
81. Louis Hay.
ST. LOUIS. May 17-Market
steady: firm; receipts at st. Louis, %
cars: at East st. Louis. "a cars.
Choice timothy, $21.75622.00; No.
timothy, s19.50@21.50; No. 2, timothy,
s17o0@1e.0o; No. 3 timothy. $4,000
400.
Horse and Mule Market
ST. LOUIS, May 17.-Horses-Ths
weeks trade has been very sadsfac-
tory from nearly every standpoint.
Eastern buyers took large supplies
and paid fairly good prices. Whhs
the demand from the south was light.
not much better at this season Of the
year. War horse buyers took very
large supplies, and this trade was
most satisfactory to all concerned
Southern horses. 60Glle
Eastern horses ............ 12561ss
Extra good heavy eastern
drafterS ..s..... looTzie
Army horses ..,........... 125Glso
Mules-A few traders came In. but
these wanted only a mule or two, and
were very particular about the kind
they got. Prices on all kinds hati-s
sale were low and generally not Ts-T
satisfactory to the shippers. Good 81.
animals with plenty Of quality we're
the kinds given most consideration,
and sellers claim 1t would be useless
to ship anything else under the pres.
ent conditions Of the market.
Good quality mules. 15ls
Cotton mules. II hands. IS 25GHs
Good ordinary, 15 hand
hands 150TEa
Extra good quality. we'll
built mules .............. 1S5G-2'
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-18

Chicago Cash Grain.
CHICAGO, May 1s.-Wheat-No. V
red, s1.541k@1.56A No. red, $1.53h
@1.56: No. hard, $1.54h@1.56A;
No. 3 hard, S1.54A.
Corn-No. 2 yellow, 7bh @76c; No.
8 yellow, tax @75hc; No. 6 yellow,
74@74Ac: No. mixed, 751z @75Ac;
No. 3 mixed, 75@75ssc; No. mixed,
731.c; spring, Tic.
Oats-No. 3 white, 52As@53Ac; No.
4 white, 51k @53c; standard, 5sA a
53kc.
PEORIA, ILL.,. May 1s.-Corn-Mar-
ket Nmhc higher. No. yellow,
7eAc: No 8 yellow, 7eh@76Ac: No.
Q mixed. 76Ac: No. 8 mixed, 761kc.
Oats-Market Nc lower No. 2
white. 52A @52Ac: No. white, SIX
m52c; standard, 51A @52Ac.
CHICAGO Seed Market.
CHICAGO, Ill, May 17.-Rye-No. 2.
nominal.
Barley-736s0c.
Timothy-$5.00@6.50s
COMMISSIONERS
Chicago Live Stock.
/ IUnited Press Leased Wire Serv1ce.1
CHICAGO, May 18.-The total hog
receipts were 10000 and the markef
closed slow and from to 10 cents
lower than yesterdays average.
The cattle market closed strong,
with 1926 as the top.
The sheep market closed steady at
opening prices, with $3.50 as the top
for sheep and $40 90 for lambs.
Chicago Live Stock.
CHICAGO, May 1S.-Hog receipts
10 900; market slow. SC lower. Mixed
and butchers, $74567.s0; good heavy
!s7.65@7.75: rough heavy, s7.25@7.O;
light. s7.5o@7.s0; pigs, s5.75@7.D.
Cattle receipts 1900: market slow.
steady. Beeves, $69o@9.25: cows
and heifers. $3256s.75: Texans. 500
M725; calves. S6.50@9.00.
Sheep receipts 10000: market weak.
| Native. $7s0@S.50: western. $1,000
s.55: lambs, s7.75@s.s0; western.
$1,000.
st. Louis Live Stock.
EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.,. May 1s.-
Cattle receipts $500: market pros
poets steady. Texas receipts 400: ma
tive beef steers. S7.5069.00: yearling
steers and heifers. $S.Oo69.30; cows
Sc 00@150; stockers and feeders.
Ese.oo6s.25: calves, $S.00@s.75; Texas
steers. s5.25@s.25; cows and heifers,
0O@S.00.
Hog receipts 1880; market 10@1sc
lower. Mixed and butchers. $3.50
7.75; good to heavy, s7.60@7.7o; rough
$s.9o@5.10; light, s7.s5@775; bulk,
$6.25@7.5O; pigs, $7.556775.
IT. bat
poets slower. Spring muttons. $1,000
$50; sheared lambs. 3S.5099.S5;
sheared yearlings, Ss.50@910; spring
lambs, s1o.o0@12.OO.
Kansas City Live Stock.
KANSAS CITY. May 18.-Cattle re-
ceipts $500: market steady. Steers,
s6.756925; cows and heifers, $4,000
900: stockers and feeders, $500
$40: calves, s6.50m10 30.
Hog receipts $4,000: market 106I5c
lower. Bulk. s7.3567.50: heavy, $7.35
d7.50: medium. s7.3567.50; light,
$7359755.
Sheep receipts 10000; mraket
steady. Lambs, se.o061o.40: ewes,
$6.75@s.75; wethers, S. 5o6s.50.
Omaha Live Stock.
OMAHA, May 1s.-Cattle receipts
$500: market steady. strong. Steers.
$S.15@S.s0; cows and heifers, s6.s06
500; stockers and feeders, s7.5O6
IT'S: calves. $S.o0@1075: bulls and
stays. s5.75@7.00.
Hog receipts 10000: market 10c
lower. Bulk, s725G7 so; top. $40.
Sheep receipts 1000: market $50
Csc lower Yearlings, s925@9.75:
wsthers, IS. 5000 90 lambs. $4,000
111O. orae &c onE,c on
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-18

LONDON. May 1o.-A British sol
der brought to London hospits
from the front suffered complete loss
of memory for days until doctor
placed looking glass before him. Or
seeing his own face his memory re
turned instantly.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-18

Precipitation IN "A hourS. Grdce.
Mean temperature 18th, 50.
Highest, SIS.
Lowest, 40.
Lowest last night, As.
FRED z. GosEwISCH.
Observer
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-18

Read The Daily Gate City.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-18
River Bulletin.

!. The change IN river stage VIII be
slight from Davenport to Keokuk dur
ing the next forty-eight hours.
Local Observations.
MAY, Bar. Their. Wind W'tt'r
II D. m.-29.99 81 SW Clear
Is 7 a. m-3oO4 Al n Cldy
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-18

HAvRE, France, May 10.-Kfng Al
bert of Belgium has presented to I00,-
600 OF his soldiers small "husifs" con-
tanning needles. pins. pieces OF court
plaster, a comb. writing pad and
pencil.
The entire output required for max
ing seven miles of cloth q inches
wide. 2h miles Of red fiannelette, 500
joles OF mending wool, hundreds OF
thousands CT needles and pins and
great quantities OF other necessary
supplies.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1915-05-18
Busy Watc hing Italy Now.

by Carl ". Alderman, United Press
Staff Correspondent
BERLIN, (via The Hague), May IT.
There is possibility that Ger
many's reply to the Bryan note will
not be made this week. The admitted
serious Italian situation has served to
focus both official and popular atten-
ton in that quarter to such a degree
that the American situat ton has be-
come matter Of secondary consider
alton.
AT the foreign Office today It was
stated the matter is at the present
time in the hands of Bethman Hollgeg
Tor consideration and that the original
oratt OF the reply, which will undoubt-
edly be edited by the kaiser himself.
will be prepared by the chancellor. So
far as can be learned even the tenta.
tive draft of reply has not been
framed and the only official word Civ.
en- out Is that the attitude and general
nature of Germany's reply has not vet
been determined.
Pending the drafting ofa renIv the
opinion prevails here that there viii nc
a lull in submarine activity-at Ieas,
so far as larger ships are Concerned
and that no action will be taker, FkaIT
to complicate matters.
| That the German government is nre
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11

FIRsT-Paige Design. It IS The popular com
'ment everywhere that the Paige Six e the
most distinctive! looking car az y, vel az the
adaptation q the best + ioos d,ssinghe s
the same individuality. No matter where Paige
Car-boWIing down the road parked the curbyou
recognize Paige Character instantly.
Comfort. The Paige Six has
a wheel base of 1A inches. II accommodates
seven passengers luxuriously ID its ample seats
Of soft leather upholte lts eaneyeF sP 81 dPs e
roads It's equipped with the Gray 6 Davis electric Lighting
and starting systems the fullest realization Of
Genwnod IT'D FIVE comfort i is
also easy riding. It also has the Cray
Davis equipment Il every way the .1s what the
Fairfield Is to the ..S5i1es':- Supreme
THIRD-Paige Power. We believe that the
Paige-C Continental motor (3Kx51) of the Paige
and most .ae1ble motor IN the world. The Rayfeld
adds the highst faetes q ct control
sit behind the wheel you the Tremendous power
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
SlubiIee Month in Chicago and.
Other Cities Creates Very
Wide Interest.

Several Of the Paige dealers
throughout the country are signalling
the success the u w P sc Six has won
by. IA cele Iteration they call. The Paige
Jubilee Month These celebrations
take on the character Of an open
house reception held every day and
evening with special decorations and
other filings, special exhibitions Of
the Paige line and other features. and
are much like an automobile show in
III niature The interest and enthuE-
ias1n aroused has been great and the
result in actual business done has
been remarkable.
Chicago, for example s nov In the
midst OF it's Paige Jubilee and has
stirred up considerable excitement
along antomohil crow where the Paige
has been very much in evidence. Just
what these iubil lee celebrations mean
I Is fairly we'll Indicated by the fact that
/ during the first week at Chicago fifty
tWo Paige Skies were sold at retail
4 These sales ware made from special
allotment of one hundred and fifty
scaTssfrom the factory. as the Chicago
dealer had already disposed OF more
thHns 400 Skies since January first.
The fast selling OF the Paige Six
and the fncreas led dem and aroused by
the Jubilee celebrations explains why
4 the Paige factory has been running
and will continue to run night and day
Il In order to meet a. demand for cars
htchy lis taxing their large resources
1.-THE limit.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
Paige Dealer Sells
So Cars In One Week
HON run BAKER
ontinued from page /. IN

h----------><>->--~-~---
joie is liable to have a great year Still
#Lajoie IS a veteran Of many seasons
and Collins is in his prime. So Iabe-
slieye it's impossible TO fill his place,
though no doubt ajoie will fill it as
nearly as anyone could. All told, how
ever, the conditions which existed a
Year ago are much changed Then the
4thletics were as sure a pennant win
ner as a. clubsis ever sure in baseball.
and. the worlds series money vas
within the reach OF every one of the
players on that club. Now. while. Of
course. the Athletics may win the
fpennant, they have fallen from prAc
EticaHy .. sure thing 10 remote
chance Personally. believ the RED
6so1 have the best show for the flag.
Wrote Mack a Letter.
wrote Mack a letter this spring
telling him that would not play
this year. 1T was merely in line with
what n had told him before on several
occasions and what I had told him
when I signed. Perhaps i'll: may not be
the best way OF doing business but 1t
Is my way at any rate. 4 have no
right under contract to ask him for
more money. and 1 have not asked
him for more money Furthermore, /
have no intention of asking him or
anybody else for more money. Mack
wrote me a letter som time go and
asked me If the mon ley question was
what was hothering me, and IL it was
what 4 want TO be satisfied did
not even answer the letter. re he
wants me to play he knows where
am. # he doesn t. 1T suits me- am
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
Are Being Distributed Now in|
Book Form sfrol1l the
State CAPITAL.
tsrEe,At. re 80 4 3 4. !. s. ~ \


CHARLESTON. April Hottie
delivery OF twenty five hundred ad-s
vance copies of the acts of the legis-.
slature of West Virginia for. the reg
aular and extraordinary sessions. has
been commenced, and Wfthinsthe. next
ten days all state and county officers
as well5as members of the legislature,
will be in possession of the laws en-
acted BIZ the two sessions, in convent
ent and comprehensive form. l45
The extraordinary session of the
Legislature adjourned March 1S...
Nothing was done Upward compiling,
head-nnting and printing the acts u11-
T I'll after that time. Work began on
the. Monday fol flowing the close OF
the session So that in twenty
three days. considerably Less than a
month, the 1aws.passed by the legis-
llature. 81 hich In an entirety. repre-
sent the most imp ortant revision OF
the statutes since the session Of .ot
ls1S72. were comp led. printed and laid
before the people OF the state for
their information and guidance.
Charters Are Separate.
The acts row being distribu ted
consist OF IA 8 chapters OF the regu-
liar, and two Of the extra session. with
the Joint and concurrent resolutions
fSadopted by the two houses. The
|scharter laws are Eeparateds and print
ed as a separate volurie and are not
lifssuad With the restzF al i the laws
Epassed except charters forsmunicipal-
titles are In the advance acts, and as
for present distrtb ution make
Ia hook of nearly u D0Bpag esss
I Most pepple5 LIN with 1egisla:
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
REACHES
CYLINDERS DESP|T
GOOD CARBURET0RS
If Long Exp osed Intake Mani
fold is. Employees. As
seFtS ,CupneFt.

IS matter how perfect carhnlre-
tor may be, states u. b. Cuppert. OF,
.l.uppert Brother distributor OF the
HAYNES Light Six, IF a long exposed
intake manifold Is employed between
the carburetor and the inta Ike valves.
r. certain amount Of gasoline will
reach the cylinders In the form .of
tiny glubules Instead OF In a gaseous,
state. The Importance of the location
of the intake manifo ld is being indi-
Gated more clearly as the quantity Of
the gasoline drops. In the first place
lit requires heat to convert the liquid
gasoline into va por the same as heat
is required to convert water into
steam. S.
The modern carhuretor Is fitted
with al hot air intake SO, that the neces
Tsary heat is applied at the carb1ere-
tor, but this is not sufficient. Assum
ing that the gasoline is properly vap
oTized that Is. converted into a gas
the car buretor. this gas must
come in contact with the manifold
wallis If these walls he, exposed to-
the air they must neeessarily4 be.
colder than the hot air drawn into
the carbure from round VI the ex-
haust pipe. The effect is that the
gasoline VIII condense. on the inner.
surfaces Of the manifold the sam as
Eone's breath does when blown against
the cold wind ow.spane The gasoline
collects in little drops,and eli err runs
sbark TO the carl ureto or or Isl swept
along into the cyl lind ers. NJ 7-4ss iii
at is. obvious sthat5th proper mig
ture of air and gasoline yapor can
not be maintained under such condi-
items by any carburetor. This con Y
5deHsing of the gasoline and Its effect
on the power ofathe motor can be
avoided BY casting the intake mani
fold entirely within the cylinder.
casting. Of course the external ex--
posed manifold cannot be. avoided:
unless the en- bloc casting iszus e6i 81
The effect of introducing the
gasoline into the cylinders in tie
form Of little drops instead OF in a
gaseous state. is to increase the gas
cline consum ption. lie must be re-
membered that there Is but very
small fraction Of a. second for the.
burning of the gases. and II there are
drops present, the time is not sum
cient to burn them iii p. Incomplete
burning and deposits Of carbon re-
suit. nsaddition to the loss occasioned
by some Of the unburned gasoline
passing on through the cylinders,
through the muller. and into the
air.nta4ls No. III s.. = 6 ..
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
gressIve age. 4.

gressive age.
Among those most closely 40
%duainted with this branch Of legisla
tive work the splendid record madf
In the recent sessions will prove &
strong argument in favor OF the earl!
creation Of a departments having fol
its purpose the supervision OF a1lSleg.
Sislative printing and compilation
That such 81 Department. ou1dsresu
in assaving OF many thousands Of dol
lars to the state and az the SAINT
time greatly facilitate the leEislatiYt
business has been shown By tlat
work just being comp1 eted.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11

tive work and the customary 1egisla-
tive ID elay s IN the matter Of publicity
4of laws passed are astonished, but
pleasantly so. at the unprecedented
prom ptness Eof this work. But when
it Is explained that. coupled with IN.
usual efficiency ON the part OF the
clerks Of both branches, Col. John
II Harris IN the Senate. and John
GUY PritchardA in the House ofSDeI-
Serates. was the new syst em8 evolved
sby these clerks insfurtherances Of the
which an INN nse am oiu1nt pf;d uplica-
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1915-04-11
SNOW AT EXPOSITION.
Brought from Mountain by a
Buick CA Truck and Visit
Ors Have SnoWhaIl#Fig1t.

a thousand Or more visitors at the
Panama Pacific Exposition were Civ:
en- the pleasure Of good old-fash-.
Toned down east snow ball Fl CHI on the
exposition grounds last Sunday, when
a new Buick CD truck arrived with
ton OF; tieecy snow from the summit
Of Mt. Hamilton, seventy-four miles
south of San Francisco.
Frank Murray and G. .A MCGEE OF
the Howard A,ltomoh Company,
made the trip to the mountain top in
exactly four hours. .Hs an III average of
1s..5 miles per hour up the grade.
The return trip was made in 3 1s
hours. an average Of 21.2 miles per
hour. 5t5<
"a trip of Is miles In Is hours up
la mountain side and over all kinds of
roads is not an unusual performance
Y for a Buick truck. Murray and Nc
Gee ays' We felt well paid for our.
trouble by the way those visitors en-
ioyed tha t snow ball q CHI
very we'll contented on; the farm. Il
ihave#a good farm. over 200 acres. we'll
stocked and we'll cultivated can
earn a good living here ii 'Trappe,
the town where j as 4bo1fns / ike to
play baseball like nothing better, hut
~ don't like TO travel on the circuit in
the summer. 7 wouldn mind a4year's
rest in tire least. l ann % and have
a few years left.
am moi criticising Collins for get
ting the Sis, 600 he is reported to be
getting am not cnitictsins Lajoie
for getting the SIS. 900 he lis reported, to
be getting. Twish baseball could af-
ford to pay every player that; much
money. wish them all the luck in
the world. But ] have to look out
for my: own interests also. and IL I,
am not satisfied Ihave a. right to drop
out and earn a living in some other.
There's no mystery about that. |"
Omaha daily bee., 1915-11-06
Rural Education.

II Is an encouraging sign that the leading
educators OF the country are beginning TO devote
attention to the problems OF the rural school.
lhe general educational board Of the National
Teachers association has taken up the problem
and at its outset has discovered that as rule all
the schools for the education of teachers in
their calling have devoted their energies to tit
ting teachers TO meet the conditions that will
confront them In city and village schools and
there has been little training for the rural school
teacher and the problems involved have been
treated as a negligible quantity In the field OF
educational effort.
Only few weeks ago meeting was held in
Chicago. called by the state superintendent of
Illinois. TO take up this question, and plans for
INFLATED for a better means OF preparation for
the rural teacher The complaint is that the
urban normal schools instils urban ideas into
the prospective teacher and II. perehance, a
qualified teacher is employed In the country. II
is but a makeshift until position be OBJ
tanned in the city or village. The general board
Is urging consolidated rural schools 10 provide
better facilities and pay which will attract capa-
bic teachers and that tho normal schools de-
vote more time and energy to fitting teachers for
instructors in such schools. Even where this
has been attempted, II is pointed out the in
struction in household economies. agriculture
and subjects pertinent to the farm, have too
often been along lines adaptable only to the city
home or the so-ealled agriculturist as distin-
guished from the farmer.
Wien the rural school problem is solved one
Of the biggest propositions Involved in the drift
Of population from the farm TO the city will
sIso be solved, II is confidently believed and Il
is encouraging that the best minds In the educa-
tional field have turned attention to its solution
Omaha daily bee., 1915-11-06
Wilson on National Preparsdness.

President Wilson has taken the occasion of
the Manhattan clubs semi-centennial to develop
lis ideas on national preparedness. The
president and democrats In general are urging
the new policy with all the proverbial zeal of
fresh converts and are advocating plans more
ambitious and extensive than have ever been
seriously urged upon congress In the past. 1t
does not require a long memory, however. to
recall the charges which democrats made, par
ticulary following the spanish-American war,
cenouncing the republican administration and
congress as imperialists and asserting that the
only use this country had for an army or navy
was one of aggression or oppression either
against our own people or others. The votes Of
democratic congressman have always held down
the appropriations for both the army and navy
end has been the accepted democratic policy
to within few months, the last exhibition being
In the session of congress which adjourned last
spring when the naval building program was
cut TO the minimum.
Nothing has really transpired since congress
adjourned to render extensive naval building
program more urgent or polite now than 1t was
then. The threatening complications with for
elgn nations are no more acute and the probable
fly OF this nation being involved in the great war
Is negligible. With these facts 80 plain, the
residents sudden zeal for placing the United
States In state OF preparedness ia a confession
that ali these years the democratic party has
been wrong and that the republicans have been
right in standing for an adequate navy and an
army at least sufficient for q nucleus OF the
needs OF war times. 1t lie not to be presumed
however, that thinking and observing democrats
in congress have not known and realized this all
the time-any other conclusion would be an
insult to their intelligence-yet they have post
poned again and again the act Of preparation
Until conditions have brought the situation home
to the people so forcibly that sophistry and
buneombe will no longer deceive The chief
trouble the president viii meet will be to undo
within his own party the damage the democrats
have already committed by their chronic opposi-
tIon 70 every preparedness measure.