davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10

to decide constitutionality Of la:ws.-
these were some of the counts In the
Indictment of our system OF Justice
that was advanced most tellingly by
Walter Clark, chief Justice of the
North Carolina Supreme court;
Stephen S. Gregory, of Chicago,
former president of the American Bar
association; Prof. Henry r. seager, of
Columbia University and Gilbert r..
Roe, New York attorney and former
law partner of Senator La, Toilette.
Judge Repudiates Precedents.
II don't recognise the right of a.
man who lived 400 years ago and who
kpows nothing of present conditions.
to say how I should decide between
A and B: In this day and generation, -
declared Judge Clark in discussing
common law, which he characterized
as judge-made law" The court
should take into consideration, he
said, pure equity unless there is speci-
f1c legislation to prevent And he
paid his respects to some of the legik-
lation on the statute books lby. declar-
ing that you know as well as 1 do
that paid lobbies are constantly seek
ing to influence congress and the state
legislatures, and some Of these lobby
lists occupy seats as members"
Nor did he xGonf1ne his criticisms to
eeneralities. y do not like to criti-
cize the courts he DECLARED, but las
AN American citizen do not concur
with them in the Danbury hatters'
case. Men collectively should not be
compelled to suffer for the excesses
of a. few i. :. s,-g.4 - =
: The power of the federal courts to
declare laws Unconstitutional is a
cause Of unrest, said Judge Clark, and
SO also is any unjustifiable usurpation
of power. The \ exercise of such
power, he contended, should be pro-
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10

BY Graham Taylor in the Survey.
II anyone cherishes a. lingering
suspicion that the courts operate with
equal Justice for poor and rich and
that labor has no just complaint
against the law Of the land, he would
have found much food for thought at
the hearings of the Federal Industrial
Relations commission in Washington
on labor and the, law. He would
have found it not only in the stories
of those who feel that the law has
worked injustice to themselves, but
also in the deliberate utterances, Of
men who stand among the foremost
administrators and students of the
: law itself.
+ The "rabble" that led the ''attack
/. on the courts this time included the
Chief Justice of a. State Supreme
\ court, university professor. and a
former president OF the American
Bar; association. And it seemed that
their. criticisms we're given added en-
phasis by the jealous defense of the
Judiciary that came from the attor-
neys who represented employers or
ganizations. One of these made the
4 Flat statement that he "wouldn't
= FAS1OiAltA0Hu dny cnanGe IN the law;
and that "the present laws are suffi-
cient to deal with union organiza-
tions.''
] The attitude of the courts on bow
colts, the issuance of injunctions in
labor disputes, the unconscious bias
of judges because Of their corporation
= experience, the folly of common law
precedents that determine present-dav
decisions on the basis of conditions
long obsolete, the delay Of justice
which is denial of justice" excessive
bail, the fine system that puts the
poor at a disadvantage as compared
with the rich.. the usurpation of power
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10

u s.. Professor Seager urged a per-
manent commission on industrial re-
lations. Just as the recently created
Federal Trade board is given power
to decide what is unfair competition
and prevail upon guilty parties to de-
sist, the way out on labor questions,
said he, is through a permanent COM
mission continuously trying to bring
about more harmonious relations be2
tween employers and employees, Civ
ing publicity to the affairs Of employ
ers' associations and labor torganiza-
tions, and promoting collective bar
gaining. He felt that such a COM
mission, or special commissions to
deal with particular problems, should
he composed of Representatives of
both sides with no members repre-
senting the general public and swing
Ing their influence one way or the
other. !. ~. ?sG az%@I<a.=:. 5~as@ = +, n
Boycotts and blacklisting came in
for detailed discussion by Daniel
Davenport, counsel for tho American
Anti Boycott association, the mem-
bership of which he said is not made
public. He dwelt at length upon the
.consid that determine the ex--
act line beyond which combinations
cannot legally go in refusing to trade
II purpose to injure is involved such
|, action becomes boycott, he de-
:clared This line appeared clear to
him and also to Walter Drew, coun-
sci for the National Erector's associa-
ton, but to others Fit was more hazy.
| The Boycott VS.. The Blacklist. ]
That the boyc II unaccompanied
byvd olence or int tinid ION. should be
legal was igorouslyS contended by
Judge Clark ], who expressed also his
belief that the blacklist should at lie
same time be considered Illegal He
differentiated thus between employer
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10
CENTRAL LABOR UNION
UPHoLDs PROF. NEARING

PHILADELPHIA, July 9.-The
Central Labor union protests the dis
rAissal of Prof. Scott Nearing by the
University Of Pennsylvania. The un-
icnists. declare, the trustees are pur-
suing this policy with the intent of
suppressing expression Of opinion
against their personal and financial
interests and irrespectiye Of the pub
lie good" ..S.-...:-.5s, =, -. =,
u. This attempt to ...starvesss OF. force
ont instFuctors Of ind6pedent tnink
ing" was shown, the workers point
out, In the trustees refusal to permit
President Gonapers to; accept an in
vitation. by the, students to address
them. .,,- =. -7 :
The resolution's> closing declaration
is: = r.<SI.l. !. ::
''That we pledge ourselves to stand
with the. public in this contest until
the University Of Pennsylvania has
been cleared of the stain brought
upon its name by the trustees, and
the right of free speech becomes the
foundation of It's usefulness
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10
RAILROADS D0C<< + + ;
RESPONSIBLE; +;
May Attempt to Pay Only Organ
lied Workers Semi
Monthly.

That a. determined effort will be
operation Of the semi monthly pay
day law, which went into effect July l.,
is the opinion of Senator Richard
Jones, who was instrumental in hay
ing the law passed.
One road, he states, is working on
a techincality in hopes that the loca-
tion of the general Offices will have
some effect while others are prepar-
ing to squabble with the courts in
finding a difference between wages
and salaries.
THE semi-monthly payday bill,
which became a law the first of this
month, is the result of fight dating
back about / 5 years. Organized labor
as we'll as unorganized railway en-
ployes fought for the measure during
all this time,' said Senator Jones yes
terday.
service corporations put up just as
determined fight in opposition to
the bill as the labor interests put up
In favor Of it. Now that the bill has
become a law, it is rumored that some
Of the railroads will pay their shop
men every two weeks while the office
men and clerks will be paid monthly
as before. 1t will be remembered that
the law reads "all public service cor
porations doing business within this
state are required to pay their en-
ployes at least semi-monthly, the
wages earned by them to within Is
days Of the date of such payment. -
Some of the rai]roads.will take a stand
that clerks and office employees are
not paid wages
The Minnesota courts have held in
constituting the exemption laws, that
persons working for wages are not
limited to toilsome and unskilled
laborers merely, to which the term
laborer is more strictly applicable
The Supreme court of Minnesota has
stated that the word "laborer'' as
used in connection with wages
should be applied to employees other
than Workmen engaged In manual
labor. Considering the stand taken
by the courts, do not see the justice
in the position of certain public serv-
: ice corporations in. their attempt to
evade the provisions of the semi
monthly payday law on such a flimsy
pretext.
lone railroad running into Duluth
it Is said, will refuse to pay its EN-.
ployes semi onthly on the ground
that the pay roll is made up in Winni.
peg. This of course, is a disappoint.
ment to the employees of this com.
pany who expected that from July
they would receive their pay twice q
month. OF course, this company must
qualify under the laws of Minnesota
in order to do business in this state
The law includes all public service
corporations doing business within
this state, and 1t is difficult to see
why this particular company should
take the stand it does.
LAS I stated before the law was bit.
terly opposed by the railroads and az
strongly advocated by labor. I be.
lieve the next legislature will be even
more responsive to the demands OF
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10
4 AASM||NNESO1'A ! NJ { ! "A. .
!. AN|YPOLlCELAvS? An III [. Il: 4 VS.
II MvyH uvt%U vvgfax
injunction Against Striking Mold
ers in shakopee Unjust .
j n to: Workers. ~.

ST. PAUL, Mimi, July 9.-Either
Minnesota has no police laws that
protect citizens from threats, intini-
*dation and VIOLENCE, or Judge Morri-
son Of the eighth judicial district. in
his temporary injunction against
striking iron molders at shakopee,
near here, has taken 1t upon himself
to be lawmaker,s Judge and execu-
toner. szsg ~ SSEas,5 j, { FE<% f.. 81. H.
The injunction is Of the usual kind
issued from these courts that order
thing done and then disregard trial
by jury guarantees for alleged VIOLA
tions. The writ Is a clever and con-
fusing mixture of, terms. The strik-
ers are commanded not to do things
every citizen knows is illegal and
they are placed in g. defensive posi-
ton if they attempt to exercise their
rights. -. b. s.,.' = 49,,
Thirty seven defendants are named,
These, together - with all "agents,
servants. employees and confederates''
are restrained from "in any manner
whatsoever Interfering with =
the operation OF Its lthe company:s)
plant. or manufacturing industry
Under this order, the court is sole
judge of the effect peaceful picketing
will have on the conpany's business,
and even though strikers have the
right to persuade strikebreakers to
join them, they will be in contem pit
because Of interference" with the
business of the Minnesota Stove CON-
pany. = 1.'-.~.<l- r.. =
Unionists are using this injunction
as another reason why the legislature
should pass law similar to the fed
oral Clayton act, and thereby notify
Minnesota injunction judges that they
cannot set aside fundamental rights.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10

and worker on the ground that one
concerns wares and the other hui
man labor. Mr. Gregory also main
tanned that he could not see why men
would not be permitted to do collec-
lively what each one Of them can do
legally as an individual. He urged
that the state and federa statutes
should be; changed so AZ to permit
such comhinakions. -2 !. --ais@' ~ - +. I:
:. The discussion Of: intunctions led
to the question Of the invasion Of civil
authority by the military and drew
out much $inferessting testimony from
radicals as to their sence Of righte-
ous resistance when they feel that
their rights are being trampled upon
by the courts or the militie or the
armed hireAngs of employers. u. &
@ Judge Clark and Mr.. Gregory dis
approved in no uncertain terms Of the
way, In which . Judge could deprive d
man Of the, right of TRIAL by jury
merely by enjoiniHg him from com
mitting d crime and then. after he
commits IT, trying him not for the
crime me--which would mean n a jury
trial but for u cpintemp pt of court.
which the Judge alone may punish.
Mr.. Roe said thdt III labor cases the
5inlun ction - clearly not 4 prot lection
OF properly rights but an invasion Of
personal rights. ss. sssss s. i. 0
The esting contention was
made by DaYenporta that trade
surlionists aband doned their position
with reference to. in,j ctions and the
3risht to trial tby Jury when they advo-
and secured the passage OF the
Clayton bill. Ender certain provi-
siona by This law. I9zyAhpoft said,
an unusually drastic punis shment may
lbe given for yioaation of All injunc-
stion, not mere ~ ffiHs 81 ilnprisonment
but ! e fine 70 the snt.-sI .. . the dam
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10

ages inflicted in the violation. & It was
evident, however, from the testimony
of several witnesses that the injunc-3
ton is not used so frequently nor 90
sweeplinSly as in years gone by. aud
that in its place there is an fncreaS-s
ing resort to military authority.
"; Danger Of Military Authority.
The encroachment of the military
authority was felt to be most alaran- !.
ing by Mr.. Gregory and Edgar NJ
Cullen, former Chief Justice of the
New York Court Of Appeals. The
actions OF the militia In IT rying. and
Furnishing persons arrested by IL.
Judge Cullen said, were q danger of
our institutions. us g. g
.1.s II the doctrine Of the West Wis
ginia courts is followed, = he declared
1t would be subversive OF liberty In
this country" " Furthermore, he point
ed out that it is inconsistent with the
ruling Of the Federal Supreme Court.
dr. the famous Miuigan case. IN 81
which q man tried and sentenced to:
death by military authorities In In-''
diana shortly after the close OF the
Civil War was released 8 on writ o.
T habeas corpus by the supreme Court
ss Professor GoodnoWzs expressed The
opinion that no judgment by q court
/ martial has any influence with civil
I courts Il the latter are In Operation
; In the region. The question -
whether martial law Is in force 1n
I the civil courts suspended must
determined BY the State law. I'll
most cases, various Witnesses teatihsds
a reclamation by the govelh
necessary but it was felt that s. sola,ss,s
Cases the: calling out OF the troop
and Il their presence in comlnuIsit
mig hit be sufficient warrant & Prot fbilIIsa is9
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10

organized labor than the last one and
the gymnastics indulged in by some of
the railroads in their attempts to
evade the plain provisions, of the law
will not be received with any great
enthusiasm by the members of the
1917 legislature"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10
LABORERS PAID Low. WAGES.

BUFFALO,, N. Y. July 9.-Before
an Investigating committee, appoint
ed by the board of aldermen, it was
shown that fifteen cents an hour for
a ten-hour day is the prevailing wage
paid common labor in this city. Sew
eral hundred Of these workers are
on strike for rs cents an hour. A. F..
of L. Organizer Streifler is assisting
the strikers, and in presenting their
side to the committee stated that the
estigation is "only the entering
wedge Of a campaign to be made in
Buffalo for better wages and observ-
ance of the eight-hour law"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10

Patriotism: Of Service Subject Of
Address Delivered b
Postmaster.

The patriotism Of service, as OPP
posed to the patriotism OF war Was
the subject of a mastery address by
Postmaster William e. McEwen att
the Independence day celebration held
last Monday at Duluth Heights, boz
fore 1900 appreciative listeners.
>. During the course Of the address,
Mr. McEwen took advantage Of the
occasion to impress upon the audi
ence the righteousness OF the state
ments made by Chester A. Congdon
In an interview published in the Nom
day morning edition Of the News TrI-
bune. 'j 1%5s sss
Speaking on the Patriotism OF
Service he urged upon every man:
woman and child in the nation to put
forth the best efforts for the countTy's.
welfare. Touching on the European
war, he declared this war would be-
the last between enlightened nations!
He said in part:
Urges Patriotic Service. &
sit is within the province Of, every.
man, woman and child in the land to-
display this sort of patriotism every.
day of. their lives: I deplore the senti-
ment that is being kindled throughout
the land at this time in which it is
urged that America have a large
standing army. Without such today
this nation is the greatest moral force
in the world, and L do not share the
fears of Mr.. Congdon about the dan
gers which face this country.
ocean steamers pretend to be author
tiles on International questions, but
they are usually the idlers of this life.
and most of their information is got
by word of mouth from fellow travel
ers., Such may or may not be with-
out authority. It is all very well for
rich man to urge large armies, but
it is the poor mans son who senlists
and it is the people of the poor. now
heavily overburdened, who must pay
the cost Of maintaining an army So
long as the people OF this country re-
main peace-loving people, and have
the wisdom to elect a president with
the ideals OF Woodrow; Wilson. there
| will never. be any reason for costly
army in the United States.
T. - NSH1AA6Ak&k&As
i. ; ..Mr. SCongdonwo hayesa 60
into AAfexico the paltse
club the domestic afAirsSof the f9x
lean people. I recognize that the
revolution in the southern republic
has resolved Itself into a; struggle be-
tween ambitious leaders. but never
theless the great body Of the Mexican
people are hopeful that out OF 1t WIN
come human Hberty-the thing they
have hoped for these many years.
The Mexican revolution was caused
by the tyranny Of the rich over the
poor, and by denying the poor their
right to the soil. No question is ever
settled until it is settled right. and
the police club Of the United States
might bring quiet and order in Mex-
ico-not without great cost and sac
rifice of Hfe-but the question still res
main unsettled. Mexico should be
given the opportunity to work out her
own salvation. Her people may not
use our tactics, but If let alone win
settle her problems much better than
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10
BUILDERS DEMAND PRoTECT1ON.

BUILDERS DENIAND PROTECTION.
CINCINNATI, =July 9.--The Build
Ing Trades Council has appointed a.
committee. to call on the mayor and
inspector be reinstated. This official
was recently removed and the build
ers insist accidents to workmen are
bound to, increase as result.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10
RAILROAD REVENUES INCREASE

WASHINGTON, July 9.-The inter-
state commerce commission reports
that American railroads are showing
a marked increase in net earnings. In
April of this year the net: operating
income OF the carriers increased $s3
a mile as compared with April, 1914.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10
WILL START A .FORWARD. >,

NASHVILLE, Tenn, July g.
Trade unionists have decided to
start a Tabor forward" movement
during the month of September The
committee in charge is now perfect
ing arrangements.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10
EIGHT HOURS NEXT MONTH.

COLUMBUS, O., July 9.-Starting
with the first Of July, contractors on
city work will run on eight hour
shifts, a reduction of two hours a day.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-07-10

Continued on Page 6.)
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-04-21
DAVIS MAKES WILLIAMS WORK
Californian shows Fine Tennis
Against National Champion.

PHILADELPHIA, April 2o.-R Norris
Williams I'd, the national lawn tennis
champion and captain OF the Harvard
tennis team. brought his squad to Phila-
dclphia to-day for match with the
Philadelphia Cricket Club at St Mar
tins The Crimson players made clean
sweep in the singles, winning all four
matches. The doubles matches had been
IN progress about twenty minutes when
"A thunder shower interrupted with one
Harvard pair leading e. and al
In the second set and the other match
6-all in the first set.
Williams's oppOn Mt In the singles was
w r.. Davis q Californian studying at
the University OF Pennsylvania. and the
latter made the champion step lively
all the way The Westerner won the
first game on his service. Each won
thereafter ON service until ball was
called Williams then broke through
and took the eleventh game. only to have
Davis return the compliment and make
thu score all. The champion then
took the next two games and the set.
with Davis leading Il in the second
set Williams won three In a row and
then taking alternate games ran out the
set. In the final game. with the score
iO-love agains, him. Davis made a grand
rally and brought the score to deuce,
only to be beaten eventually.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-04-21
YenyLong Will Spikes
N. Y. U. FRESHMEN EXCEL.
score O,crv hcIminr Nictory In In
tercIass Track Meet.

The final events of the New York
University interclass track meet we're
held Yesterday afternoon on ohio Field.
As their good showing last week ind.
Gated. the freshmen completely outClassed
their opponents The final score gives
the freshmen % points, the sophomores
SO y, tho seniors 10 and the juniors 2 II.
vt the end Of the first leg the first year
class was leading nv 90 points.
The summary of Yesterdays events:
one Mile Run-Won By Phillips. rs
NcIove. rs second. johnson. rs. third
iIoughten. rs, fourth. Time. minutes :
seconds
pole vault-won nv Yanosik. IL; De
CauI Is, second Reese, is, third. Gil
loon Is fourth Vault. . feet Inches.
1870 YARD High Hurdles-Won By $.
MANY. II. W MANY. u. second; Smith,
II, third Martin. rs. fourth Time. II Id
seconds.
2.o Ward Dash-won by Crowther rs;
Mcdowell rs. second Townsend, IS.
third, Henderson, IN. fourth. Time. ~ . ;
shot Put-won by Cam. 'is Kennard
-. second: Blcckween, II. third. Don
neil, Is, fourth Distance. IS feet 3l7
inches
$50 Yard Run--won nv Hegsman rs;
Phillips. is. second Movers. rs. third,
raplowitz. 10. fourth. Time, minutes
~ seconds
go Yard Low Hurdles. Many II
and W MANY. Is tied for first: Marsh
IS, and Burteil, ls tied for third. Time
- 2-j seconds.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-04-21
HAVRE DE GRACE RESULTS.

ua T .e HIS pa n,s' 500, c ',f 4; aPt
arG essm won my Waisr Ill., o rarn TO-
10 to /. TO and 10 ,, second; COY,
10, ,ouraap, . to g., to and : TO 70,
Home. clint, sherwood nudss brother
second Race ,Steeplechsse; four-year-
ods and upward purse $500. about two
miles Rhomb l45 Williams, 3 TO 10,
to = and out won, FoNcraft, AZ tAlleni,
TO 70 ana out % se ,6 Judge va
to /. third Time 500. sun King. Roger
iordon, Lady Grant, SIR caledore and
TRlTd Race-sellins handicap three,
year-olds and upward $500 added. i've
ana half furlongs Wanda Pitzer, 100
sars.net. rs CMcCsheyi. to J. ! to S ana
] 10 g. second Clr Field. 30 LIillyl. 20
Rolala, capt, parr. Belamour and Mamts
Fourth Rqce-The Beia', Handicap,
six fur'Snss "sjumbSr II, no ,naxtoni,
II 20 ., . 10 20 and out won, Pomette
Bleu, io6 ,MrHaheyl. 70 8, and out sec
to ani out third Time, ,;rt az
Fifih Race Three year olds and mp
seventy yards Hcrmudn, lie ,BuNtonl, /.
TO T. to ana : to l. won charles r
GrSGgseT io1 m9pGns,; 50 to = to
! to /. to and to 10, third Time
~ a; Ts rmo"riG h ;,a,L na' AhGot,
meade and supreme also ran
sixth Race Maiden two year ODDS, purse
500 four .furlengs Tom Edward, iiC
iaiitc 10; jproy.r "ycn aug TO and mi''
:" :; second TypGsTapnSS;; ioI trnrnGrr,n =
Us a. I" pIoom n "''N arm'nrrI sem am"
stalwart Ellen Smyth and T1nGaliug als'
ran.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-04-21
Magnotes Are Best
Weather Prophets

A BOUT this time last year
"a there was hue and cry
against the compilers of the two
major league schedules. The
magnates were accused of ava
rice. greed and sundry other
things for having the season
open so early. Rain and cold
weather caused discomfort to the
fans as well as many postpone.
ments. A general clamor arose
for later openings. But the mag
mates sat tight and this year
opened on April ID again. Thus
far 26 games have been sched-
uled in the American League
and q in the National. OF this
total of SO games. 81 have been
played as arranged. Each league
has had only one postponement,
the Nationals in Boston and the
Americans in Philadelphia. II
anything, the weather has been
too dry and too warm.