davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02
THE NEW AANENS GiANTS OF ToDAY

railway, while Europe, with a popu1a- tion of 455, ,547, ,673, reported but PIP, ,641 miles of railway.
 It would be impossible to compare freight and passenger car equipment of the present day with that of the early railroad period. While today the equipment of practically all railroads of the country is more or less stand ardized, in the early days of railroad building passenger cars in particular were of any design that appealed to the maker. In other instances old stagecoaches were utilized. The pres ent equipment of the. railroads of the United States is practically all modern. About four-ffths of the loco motives and freight cars now in use and about three-quarters of the pas senger cars have been purchased since 1900. An estimate of the cost of rail way equipment now in use by rail ways representing 245, 5,624 miles is placed at S3,573, ,6S9, 300. Of the 2,304,- 267 freight cars in service in 1914 the average capacity was 3S.9 tons and the total capacity S9, ,784, ,SS3 tons. More freight can be carried in one of the modern freight cars than was hauled in a. freight train of twelve cars in the early days of railroading.
 Some idea of the growth of railroads may be gleaned from statistics of the New Haven railroad. There are in the
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02
< "MOHEGANN, OF THE N g. W.le59.

couAtry have increased in number in ten years 146.7 per cent.
 The average journey of each passeu- ger on the railroads of the United States during 1914 was thirty-four miles, which compares with an average Journey of 26.54 miles in 1894, or an iu-. crease of 2S.1 per cent Each train caT- ried in 1914 an average of hfty-nine passengersS compared with forty-foUF in 1894 There were '1,O32. .OS6.OOO pas sengers carried on these railroads in 1914 and 54O,6SS, 900 in 1894. an in- crease of 9o.9 per cent, and there were 35,129, ,269, 900 passengers carried one mile in 1914 as compared with 14,2SG.- 445,O0o passengers carried one mile twenty years ago, an increase of 145-9 per cent.
 The number of locomotives in tvveu- ty years increased S1.5 per cent. while their weight increased 231.6 per cent The number of employees increased In the same period 117.9 per cent, and their compensation increased 212.9 per | cent There were 691 employees per hundred miles of line in 1914 and IA in 1894. an increase of 561 per cent.
 The present efficiency of American railroads and the low cost of the serv- | ice, may be seen from a comparison of l lu0 EdleS CndESeQ TOT 4dulAuE one Euu of freight one mile. In the United Kingdom this service costs 2.39 cents. in Germany, 1.37 cents, France 1.30 cents, Russia 1.17 cents, Austria l 45 cents. while in the United States this service is performed for 7.29 mills, or $oOO729.
 As the people of the United stafes were the first to grasp the true signih- canoe of the discovery that steam could 1 be utilized as "a motive power, so they have been first in every stage of rafl- road development No European eO1n- try can boast of such efficient railroad service as that which is performed by the. railroads of the United States nor of such low cost of operation In three quarters of a century the railroad man agers of the country have taken crude contrivance-the original loco motive-and have constructed out Of that idea an efficient machine that ls beyond comparison.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02

comotfves of that period. This engine weighed 50, ,36O pounds, had IA by 9 inch cylinders and four and one-half foot drivers. It made over fifty miles an hour at times.
 Tie Comet of the Hartford and New
 Haven.
 Fairly representative of the American style engine of the sixties was the en- zine Comet of the Hartford and New Haven. possessing among its features two domes, one for the whistle and one for the safety valve, and having it's sand boxes curtously concealed in the wheel covers.
 The New Haven Engine of 1879.
 The Hercules of the New Haven road is more or less typical likewise of the locomotives of the early eighties, re- vealing. as compared with it's proto- types, a great increase in weight and in the size of the driving wheels. This To- comotive was built in the New Haven's s
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02
Secondhand Engines and Cars.

L Secondhand Engines and Cars .-,l
 The Independent of June 21, 1915. asks, ''What becomes of all the old locomotives and railway cars and those that have outlived their usefulness?" And the paper replies: "They are sold to small roads and to contractors, and the market for them is worldwide.
 "When some one in India or Africa wishes to build and equip a railway cheaply' and quickly he communicates with an agent in New York, and the rest is easy. There are a number of dealers in secondhand railway equip nent in this country. The advertise ments of their stock appear in the trade journals. Negotiations are concluded quickly, and it is not long before big tramp steamer loading at a New York dock has consignment of hundreds of tons of railway cargo slowed in it's hold toebe unloaded at some port at the worlds end.
 "When, some years ago, the motive power of the New York elevated lines was changed from steam to electricity there was sent out one of the largest lots of secondhand railway material ever put on the market-340 engin us and 134 cars. So Americans travelling in strange places frequently encounter these old elevated engines. Some are in Africa, some in India; they are scat tered all over South America. In Mex
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02

White Ghost passenger train on the New England between Boston and N Il- li1nantic and was the first large M0gul seen in New England. In 1890 it was sold to the HousatoFic road and there after was used in the freight service
 The New Haven's Giants of Today.
 Dwarfng even these large Iocomo- tives, however, are the New Haven's Pacific type engines, known as the 1900 series, the embodiment of power and efficiency and capable of tremenz dous speed if required.
 Compared with the fourteen and a half tons of the Governor Bradford, these leviatha11s of the rail weigh 154,- GOO pounds on the drivers and have a total weight of 251, 800 pounds (3S4. 100 pounds, including tanlzs). The drivers, instead of being sixty inches in di- ameter, are seventy-three inches, and there are six of. them instead of two. The 12 by 20 inch cylinders of the Governor Bradford have grown into cylinders measuring '24 by 2S inches, and further metamorphosis has been wrought in the addition of the super heater device by which steam is heat ed to very high temperature, which adds 25 per cent to the power and fuel
  Locomotives exert a tractive force of 37, 500 pounds.
 The New Haven's Latest Electric Lo-
 cor1otiVe.
 Typical of the new chapter of trans portation history which the progress of electrical science has brought about are the New Haven's latest electric To- comotives used in hauling passenger nd icr11f irC 4y7 o14 1&r.{4 between New York and New Haven. Differing radically in appearance from the latest steam leviathans, these cleo tric locomotives have little about them to suggest the tremendous tractive force of which they are capable. "A box on wheels they might be called Yet these electric locomotives will haul an 800 ton passenger train at a maxi mum speed of ffty-f1ve miles an hour. They will handle 1,50O ton freight trains at a maximum speed of thirty five miles an hour.
 But more than this these electric mo tors can do. Unlike the steam 1ocomo- tive, it is possible to hitch two together and operate them with one crew as a single unit on what Is called the multi ii-ple unit plan, thus doubling the power Thus two of these locomotives operated by one crew will haul a 1,60O ton pas senger train at fifty-tive miles an hour , , and a 5000 ton freight train at thirty five miles an hour.
 Freight trains of this size, 5000 tons being the trailing load, sare, in fact, operated daily between the New Ha- ven's Harlem river terminal and, New Haven.
 These electric locomotives weigh no tons. so per cent of this weight being directly on the four pairs of drivers l The maximum tractive force they can exert is 10000 pounds. 13,OOO pounds continuously. In this type of motor the current, having 11,ooO volts, passes l from the trolley wire through the pun- tagraph and by means of transformers 1 inside the cab is reduced to 500 volts and is then delivered to the motors | There are eight of these in all, ar | ranged in four groups These Iocomo- l tives were built under the combined direction of the engineering forces of 1 the New Haven and the Westinghouse l Electric and Manufacturing company.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02
When Wivea Were. seId.

When the war between Britain md France ended in 1915 many of the English soldiers found that their wives had married again in the belief that they were widows. The formal sell ing of the wife was regarded among the ignorant as a legal solution to the problem thus presented, and it is sEaid that the authorities of the day deemed it best to shut their eyes at the pro ceeding. A certain amount of formal ity had to be observed, however. be fore the sale was. considered legal even by the most ignorant A Yorkshire writer mentions two conditions which
 must be carried out to make sat isfactory sale-the price Of the wife must not be less than l shilling C2t cents), and she must be delivered to her purchaser with a new halter around her neck. The same writer fe- cordA> the case of the woman. who zeal- ously preserved the receipts for her self as proof of responsibility.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02

shops in 1879 and weighed 75,2OO pounds. Its driving wheels were sixty three inches in diameter. 1t was con demned about 1897.
 One of the Early ConsoIs, 1880.
 Size and power became increasingly evident in the locomotives turned out for these New England roads in the eighties as shown. for example, in the consolidation engine No. 94 of the New York and New. England. This type ap- pears but few steps behind the pres ent- Built at the Hinclzley works in Boston in 1880, the big locomotive re- veals the great strides made by the builders of the Governor Bradford in the decades that had intervened d..
 Without the tender this engine weighed sixty tons. It had p by % inch cylinders and forty-four inch driv- CTS, It was one of the biggest engines seen east of the Hudson and for years was used in the freight service be- tween Hartford and Hopeweu June tion. Big as this engine appears in comparison with the early ones, it would take about four such engines to equal the efficiency of the New Ra- ven's largest engines of today
 Two Early MoauIs.
 The Mosul type of engine is repre- sented in the Capitol of the old Providence and Worcester road and also in engine 160 of the New York and New England. The latter was built at Providence in 1888 and weigh ed 27.OO0 pounds. Its cylinders were 20 by "A and drivers sixty eight inches. This locomotive hauled the famous
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02

rebuilt and enlarged in 1S46. It then weighed twelve tons, had 13 by Is inch cylinders and five foot drivers. To this locomotive fell the honor of pulling the first passenger train from Providence to Stonington in 1873 on the troad, the New York. Providence and Boston, which now forms part of the New Ha- ven's shore line.
 The Daniel Mason, 1858.
 The Daniel, Mason, for many years one of the most famous engines of the Boston and Providence, was another 'reation of Master Mechanic Griggs This engine was built in the Roxbury shops in 1858. weighed twenty-five and three-quafter tons and had cylinders measuring Is by 20 inches and four and one-half foot. drivers. A con spicuous feature of these engines was the running board, with it's guard rails chiefly to permit the fireman to crawl forward while the locomotive was run ming and lubricate the cylinders and valves. Locomotives of this type ire quently attained a speed of sixty miles an hour. This locomotive continued in service until 1889. It was exhibited at the Worlds fair at Chicago and is now in the museum at Purdue univer- sity. E The Moheean of the N. and w., 1859.
 Engine No. 8 of the old Norwich and Worcester road, now one of the New Haven's leased, lines. was a type very common half a century ago and Of which. numbers are yet to be seen This locomotive the AIohegan. was purchased of Samuel Hatch in 1859. It cost $8,o00, an average price for To-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02

tracks of the company over 100000 tons of steel in the rails, which is TO- GOO more tons than in all the battle ships owned by the United States gov ernment. There are 2,223 bridges thirty-one miles of bridges. The mum Der of freight cars is 37.oOo, passenger cars 2,5O0, locomotives 1900. The freight cars run every day over 613,- 900 miles, while the passenger cars run 10000 miles an hour. There are 952 stations and about 36.n00 employ ees, receiving over $33.O0O,0o0 a year in wages, About 50p.O9S persons are served every day by this one rallroad-
 In 191F there were 1,69S,S1S employ ees on the railroads of the United States. who received compensation amounting to $1 3T3 .O69. S11, or 45.15 per cent of the gross earnings. In other words, of every dollar taken in by the railroads the employees get little over 45 cents Of all money paid out by the railroads for operating expenses the employees share amounted to 62.51 per cent
 The capital cost of the railroads of the country is $15. .531, ,631 ,376, or $64.- 479 per mile, which compares with q capital cost of European railroads of about S25. 900 900, GOO, CT $124,OOO per mile. It cost nearly twice as much to build the European railroads as it did to build those in the United States, de- spite the higher cost of labor in this country.
 There are 376.S97 stockholders of American railroad stock. of whom 26, 675 are stockholders of the New Ha- ven railrA ad- The stockholders of the
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02

ico they are used by mining companies that have their own branch lines run ming to the government roads.
 ''In Japan, when the emperor's troops started off for Manchuria at the time of the war with Russia, many of the troop trains were hauled by these small nosed engines with the word 'Nanhat- tan still painted on them. Some of these engines were used on the Niukden railroad in the war.
 ''These tiny locomotives cost }$5, 900 apiece when new; secondhand they fetched from $2, eco down. The cars were sold at from S400 10 5000 each.
 Cars and engines that have been used on steam railroads of standard gauge bring much higher prices Prac- tically no freight cars are shipped en- tire, although there is q good demand for passenger cars. The consumption of these castoffs of the big railroads is mostly among the logging roads of the country. The railroad, as rule, clings more tenaciouSIy to its cars than to its engines"
 Present Railway Efficiency.
 With the development of the locomo tive the progress in other departments of railroad transportation has naturally kept pace. While in 1S40 there were but 42615 miles of completed railroad in the New England states, in 1914 there were 1922 single track miles in this section and 13,62S total miles of all track In this respect the United States has far outstripped Europe in the build- ing of railways. for with q census eSti- mated population in 1914 of 9S, ,aOO, ,0S1 the United States had 245. 5.894 miles of
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02
Not Aloud.

'Oh. dear" groanedr the young wife. 'I don't know what to use to raise my bread! I've tried everything
 "A derrick and a couple of jnckscrev1 ought to do it. thought her husband. but he didn't say it alOud--Philadsi- phia Ledger
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-11-02
Granada.

Granada WAS at one time part Of the RoRran province of Roetia, but after the Arab invasion 1t became an iude- pendent Moorish kingdom. It was the last possession of the Moors in spain, who tearfully gave ap their country to their conquerors. Ferdinand and Isa- bella of Spain. in 149&.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02
SUBMARINE THAT SANK THE
ARABIC WAS DESTROYED

Washington, Sept. 1.-Bearing out
reports that the German submarine
which sank the Arabic had herself
been sunk, the state department today
revealed a report received from Am
bassador Page the day after the Ara
bic was sunk that a German submarine
had been destroyed. nea the scene OF
the Arabic disaster.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02
PRIZES GIVEN TO DATE:

July Is, Silverware, Mrs. Ben
Howell, voting for No. z.
July "a. Silverware, Mrs. r. A..
Blake, voting for No. 149.
July 81. Silverware. Mrs. J..
]. Peacock. voting for No. 143.
Aug. 15, Watch, Lena Krug,
voting for No. 149.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02
CARD OF THANKS

We desire to extend our sincere
thanks to the friends and ~neighbors
who rendered us kindly aid and sym
patty In the hour Of our bereavement
through the death Of our infant child.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jas. r. Brown.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

Aug. 15 silverware. VIM.
Sheerer, voting for 149.
August 81, Silverware, Claude
Armstrong, voting for No. 1879.
Color OF votes cange on the
10Th OF each month and will not
be counted unless voted by Q
o'clock on tho 18th.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02
Farnk Burke spent Monday in Poca-

Farnk Burke spent Monday in Poca-
tello.
Mems all-wool suits at the Golden
Rule Store.
L. l.. Evans went to Salt Lake Fri
day on business.
Sister Bertha of the hospital is home
this week on her vacation.
Mrs. VonKnobloch went to Lava Hot
Spring Thursday for a few days.
Mrs. Carhart returned from Salt
Lake City the latter part of last week.
Judge A. c. Haag moved into quar-
tiers in the county building Wednesday.
Ed. Tucker, the candy man from
Boise, was in town Monday on bust
ness
Ladies winter coats and suits, the
newest models, at the Golden Rule
Store.
Sister Margaret of the Bethany
Hospital is at Soda Springs on duty
this week. .
See Henry Rock for loans on farm
lands. First National Bank. Ameri-
can Falls.
Asparagus Tips, 35c per dozen,
rhubarb plants zoe each. Mrs. Don
Runnion.
Miss Esther Walters is assisting
with the bookkeeping in the Fall
Creek office.
few days the fore part a the week
but is better.
Mr.. and Mrs. Louis LaVelle and
family have moved into the Miss
Whistler residence.
Miss Viola Stuart went to Rockland
Monday to visit a week with her
brother and sister.
The Misses Bessie and Cora Cronk-
hite arrived from San Francisco Mon
day evening after having enjoyed the
expositions to the full. Bessie will
teach in the city schools this semes
ter and Cora has been engaged to
teach at Igo.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

LOST, STRAYED OR STOLEN-One
dark brown mare. weight 1000 lbs.
z years old. reached name, branded
wine glass on left hip. Dark bay
gelding. 0 years old, reached name,
weight $50 pounds, branded SP on
right hip. Disappeared early Mon
day morning. Reward for informa-
ton at Smith garage.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02
TO THE PUBLIC

Notice IL hereby given that on and
after this date I will not be responsible
for the payment Of any bills contract.
ed by my son, Alfred Mower.
ROBERT A. MOWER.
Dated Sept. 2, 1915.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

June is, gold watch, Mrs. II.
C. Beatty.
July 3, Silverware, Guy Stew
art, voting for number 1870.
July 10, Silverware, VIM.
Goertzen, voting for number 1872.
July Is, watch, Mrs. J.. X.
Moore.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02
KINDLING WOOD

Thoroughly Dry. Cut in stove
lengths, delivered any place In town
in quarter cord lots for 81. Call
Philbrick & Greenwood, phone 20.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

LOST-A surveyors tripod, from
Rock Creek road. Notify George
Quereau or this office, II found.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02
PEOPLE AMI EVENTS
LOCALHAPPENNCS OF THE WEEK GATHERED
BY H A ON H ROUNDS ABOUT TOWN

New Fall aud Winter goods ere ar
irving at the Golden Rule Store every
day.
Mrs. Roy Emigh, who has been In
the hospital for several weeks re-
turned to her home at Yale Sunday.
y. ii. Butler of Emley, South Dakota,
has purchased the 100 acre farm TO, m
erly owned by l.. A. Lotus on Rock
Creek.
Miss Macomber, who has been visit
ing her sister Mrs. r. B. Greenwood
for several weeks returned to Boston,
Saturday.
Mrs. Sam Adams left Monday morn
ing for Kimama where she will be a
week with her husband who is on his
homestead.
Jay Gibson of the First National bank
were in Rockland Wednesday morning
on business.
Miss Hazel Dunn of Eskridge, Kans-
as arrived Thursday evening and will
teach when school opens at the Rock
land schools.
Mrs. l.. II. Dorne's sister, Miss
Georgina Rodda of Butte, who has
been visiting here several days, re-
turned to her home last Saturday.
Mr.. Macomber, brother to Mrs.
Greenwood, is at Yellow Stone park
for a few days and will be in the Falls
again for a longer stay before return
ing to school at Harvard.
President w. A. Hyde and counselor
Finn H. Berg of the Pocatello Stake
of the l.. ID. s. were here Sunday to
visit the primary department of the
local association. Mrs. Minnie Nelson
was appointed primary president for
American Falls.
Rev. and Mrs. Joseph Kaufman and
their daughters of Freeman, South Da-
kota, Mr.. and Mrs. Ben Waltner. ].
J. Mandell, editor of the Freeman
Courier, and wife, and r. DeWalt,
cashier of the Freeman Bank stopped
off Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday
for a few days visit with their rela-
&.xA- NJ u-I NH-z K----
The party is on its way home from a
pleasant excursion to California and
the exposition.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

A marriage license was issued
Thursday to Harry @. Cochran and
Miss Ella Il. Bacon uf Aberdeen.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

+ Classified Advertising.
s**

FOR RENT-Four room modern house.
Inquire Mrs. Nichols.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

FOR SALE-A nice young COW. Ad-
dress A. G. Sallee, American Falls.
Idaho. 90
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

Judge A. c. Haag moved into quar-
ters in the county building Wednesday.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

Ed. Tucker, the candy man from
Boise, was in town Monday on bust
ness.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02
EXCURSIONS EAST
Via Oregon Short Line, Union Pacific
System.

Tickets on sale. August IS, and rs
and September ]. 8, Is and 22nd. Limit
October 31st. See agents for rates
and further particulars.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

Ladies winter coats and suits, the
newest models, at the Golden Rule
Store.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

0. H. Butler Of Emley, South Dakota
has purchased the 100 acre farm 70, m.
erly owned by L. A. Lotus on Rock
Creek.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

Sister Margaret of the Bethany
Hospital is at Soda Springs on duty
this week.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

Mrs. Roy Emigh, who has been II
the hospital for several weeks re
turned to her home at Yale Sunday.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

FOUND-Initial stick pin near the
river. Owner call at this office.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

Mrs. Carhart returned from Salt
Lake City the latter part Of last week.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1915-09-02

Mrs. Sam Adams left Monday morn
ing for Kimama where she will be a
week with her husband who is on his
homestead.