davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1915-12-07
CONCRETE

That concrete paVements are stead fly increasing in use and that engi- neering opinion is becoming more fla vorable toward this type of permanent pavement there can be no question.
 While Phoenix has several examples of concrete pavement it has as yet had no example of thc right kind of concrete pavement laid under proper specifications at a reasonable cost. Three types exist locally: Half mile on Mcdowell road east of Twelfth street nearly a mile on South Sew enth avenue, and one block immedi- ately south of the city hall. The strip on Mcdowell road referred to is not a good example of concrete work and was laid under faulty specified tiOns which called for rough finish which has not proved satisfactory. This roadway, is however, serving as a substantial and permanent base to carry the carpet dressings of oil and gravel which are applied as needed. It cost s1.15 per square yard.
 The pavement on South Seventh Avenue is a fair example of Concrete work, although there are many ex- amples in California and elsewhere, of better work at less cost The cost of this pavement was approximately S1IO per square yard, including the grading of the 7-foot dirt shoulders on both sides It was laid early in a9l4 and has shown thus far but
Arizona republican., 1915-12-07
BITUSTONE:

The BitUstOnc pavement is appaT- entity compromise between bitu- hthic and concrete II consists of a lower course of concrete cement. a top layer of porous concrete and Portland cement. the iutcrsticcS of which are filled with special Wa ren Bros. patent bituminous cement. over which is spread stone screen ings or sand. SO that the appcarance Of the pavement is very similar to the titulithic pavement now laid in the city.
 None of this pavement has been used in Phoenix or in this vicinity
 On investigation We find that this pavement has been used in certain portions of Massachusetts since 1911 with decided success. Helena. Ark. fas laid several blocks ci this pave ment which has been used for over four years, and statements from re- liable citizens in Helena speak highly If this pavement ghiS pavement was put down in Helena under a five year guarantee and we learn from Hugh Martin. mayor Of Helena. that this pavement cost S165 per square yard. including the five year guarantee. and that it is holding up satisfactorily.
 It is evident that this bitustone pavement could be laid in Phoenix iu the vicinity of S150 square yard. probably including a five year guar antee
Arizona republican., 1915-12-07
TOPEKA" PAVEMENT AND
 ASPHALTIC CONCRETE

In considering the value of asphaltic concrete, we have in cludeG what is known as Topeka Pavement. which is very similar to the bitulithic pavement laid here, the most important difference being that the engineering department of To- peka, Kansas have perfected a two inch wearing surface for which they have to pay no royalty to the Warren Bros: they having success fully maintained in the courts the light to use this pavement. This wearing surface. in order not to in- fringe on the Warren Bros. patent does not nave nearly as large q percent of rock in the wearing sur iace as does the bitulithic.
 The following letter from MT. A. R. Young, city engineer of Topeka shows very clearly the desirability of this pavement and it's low maiR- tenance cost:
 Topeka. Kans.. Nov. 13, 1915. Mr Dwight B. Heard.
 Phoenix. Arizora.
 Dear Sir:
 Replying to your letter of Novem-
Arizona republican., 1915-12-07
BITU[|TH|('

Bitulithic pavement, as is well known locally, is that in use in the central portions of the town. The larger portion of it was laid three years ago under very careful specifi- cations prepared by the citizens pay Ing committee and afterward approved by the paving commission. the old city council and the present commits sion. It has given good service and has cost from $210 to $2.16 per square yard
 This pavement has a patented wear ing surface controlled by the Warren brothers, whose royalty is approxi- mately 25 cents per square yard. One of the strong points for bitulithic is the large amount of rock, estimated at 90 per cent, in the wearing surface; also the fact that Warren Bros. whose interest it is to maintain a high stan dard, keep their own inspector on the job when bitulithic is laid
 This pavement has been used in many American cities; and nowhere has it given better service than in Phoenix largely due to the excellence of the local specifications and the thorough supervision and inspection. This pavement has been used with marked success in many cities of Tex as and California, where conditions are similar to those existing here Many cities in the northern states are also using bitulithic, and in a recent report of the Iowa state highway com mission, whose work is exceptionally thorough, it is shown that during re- cent years there has been a steady in crease in the use of bitulithic in LoWa. Des MOines and a number of other Iowa cities are using bitulithic eXten- sively, it having been laid at a cost of from $lS0% to $2.10, and a careful investigation demonsti ates that there is no question that bitulithic is re- garded as thoroughly first-claes pavement. The problem confronting the citizens of Phoenix is whether ar engagements can be made to have this pavement laid at a lower figure than at present. Under existing conditions the contractors laying the pavement take bonds for the same, which they are selling on a 90 per cent. basis, which means that if the price of the pavement is S210 they have to include 21 cents per square yard for bond dis count. If some method could be de- Vised in Phoenix by which, through the city's backing, these bonds might D6 SO1u at par, IL IS pTODdDle IilciI the price of bitulithic paving in large quantities, under the present Phoenix specifications, might be dropped to $1S5, which would line us up favor ably with the lowest prices paid by other cities.
 From the use of bitulithic pavement in Phoenix for the past four years. it is evident that when the pavement is properly laid. the maintenance cost will not be great. In certain sections, for a slight advance on the price, a five-year guarantee is given and in other sections a ten-year guarantee. Phoenix laid its bitulithic pavement without a guarantee, believing the best guarantee was good specified tions and rigid inspection.
 Bitulithic is so well known here on account of it's extensive local use. that we have not thought it neces- sary to correspond with those fla miliar with it's use in other cities.
Arizona republican., 1915-12-07
TARVIA

Tarvia is a pavement very similar Co oil macadam. For a number -or years TarVia finish has been used as q top dressing in Massachusetts by the park boards of Boston and the state highway commissioners. IL is understood to be a process controlled by the z. F.. Barrett Manufacturing Company Of Chicago 1t really is macadam pavement in which all the surface voids are filled. instead of with the oil used in the oil macadam pavement. with what is known as Tarvia a coal tar product especially
 (Continued on Page Ten)
Arizona republican., 1915-12-07

tContinued on Page Ten)
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
zEPPELINs RAID ANTWERP. German army checked in dash to Paris.
 Rheims cathedral bombarded.

a 4
 On Aug. 24 occurred one of the many terrifying things Of this terrifying war. The fnhabitants of Antwerp were asleep when thHre was a4strange wlfir- ring in. the skies, followed by several bomb expIosions. A Zeppelin was over the sleeping city, dropping it's deadly han- Several were killed. On Aug. s27 Louvadn was burned. There are differ ent versions of the causes that led up to the destruction of the city. by. the Germans. but the fact remains that the city was reduced to ashes and the peo- pie made homeless and terror stricken. On the day that I1ouvain, was burn ed the Japanese as Englands ally, block aded Tsingtao. The following day the British fleet sank five German war ships off He1go1and and news was re- eeivedsof a defeat suffered by the Rus slams after a three days battle near Tannenberg, East Prussia
 Tn the early days of September. when it seemed certain that nothing could stop it. the onrushing German army received a sudden check. A battle be- gan south of the Marne and east of Paris in which the German right wing was pushed back, followed by a gen eral retreat On Sept. 12 the German retreat halted on the Aisne.
 Another incident of the war which came in for a share of attention and criticism was the destruction of the world famous cathedral at Rheims.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
CAUSE OF WAR. ArehduEse of Austria assassf- mated. Russia orders general mobi- iixafion of troops.


 The direct happening that led to the terrific European war was the assassination Of Archduke Francis Ferdinand Aof Austria. Although the crime occurred on June 2s, 1t was not until the latter part of July that Austria sent an u1timatufn to Ser via, Immediately every nation in Flu rope was astir. Diplomats hurried from capital to capital and what had long been dreaded general European con f1agration plainly was at hand. In tenstty was given to the situation by the declaration. on the last day in July, that Russia had ordered a general mo- bilization- The following day-the 1st Of Augustine cables carried the mes sage that Germany had declared war on Russia On the same day the French cabinet met and ordered a gen. eraI mobilization.
 It was now clear that nothing but a miracle could prevent a war which would take in more than half the world. The day following it's declare tion Of hostiIities Germany sent it's forces into I4uxenl burg and addressed an ultimatuTf to Belgium, demanding a free passage foreits troops into France. Ut was no secret thai the objective point of the German army was Paris. A quick dash to the French capital was planned by the great army of the kaiser that already was entering Belgium.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
THE DARING EMDEN. Succession of German naval victories.
 Emden finally destroyed.

@ Late in October the German cruiser Elnden. which had been terrorizing the ships of the allies, was again heard from She fearIessly entered the Tlar-
 Dor of Penang on Oct. 2S and torpedoed a Russian cruiser and French de- stroyer. The Emden was artfuIly dis gnised with an additional funnel and flew a Japanese flag. Her great speed enabled her to make clean getaway
 This exploit of the Emden was re- garded as her most noteworthy one. On Oct. 29 Turkey began war on Rus sfa by naval attacks on Odessa, Mo- vorossysk and Theodosia. in the
 The early days of November were marked by succession of German na- val victories A squadron of five Ger nan cruisers defeated British squad ron off Coronei, on the coast of Chile en Nov. l. Two days later German
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
More Than Half the World at War German Forces Checked In Dash to Paris-Armies of In- voIved Nations, With Rigors of Winter Con fronting Them, Locked In Awful Combat.
sy JOHN J. iBREEN.
RHE year 1914 will go down in
 history tremendous in epoch making avenfs- -.-.a..s.

making events.
 The calendar was more than half spent when the world was stag gered by war, the extent and feroclty of which seemed impossible of realiza- ton True, early in the year there were those who declared that Europe was vo1cano-a torch awaiting the Faparlx--but none dreamed that the ma tions which made the greatest claims to the heights of civilization would plunge into the titanic struggle now on and which. it is agreed. has set the world back centuries.
 When the year was ushered in the peace of Europe was not threatened that of this, country, was. The ever present menace of war with Mexico loomed big at the beginning Of the year. But. although this country was sorely pressed at times and we had to send some of our troops there and blood was shed, actual war, or inter vention in Mexico was avoided.
 On April IS Victoriano Puerta, then provisional president oE Mexico. forced a crisis by refusing to salute the hag of the United States. This was cul- mination of insults to this government and on April 21 force Of marines was Landed at Vera Cruz and the United States took possession of that city. Seventeen Americans lost their lives and 126 Mexicans were killed. The troops were withdrawn in November.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
APRIL.
 United States marines landed in Vera Cruz.
 Twenty-six. killed in mining riot in Colorado.
APRIL.

It was in the month of April that the situation between this country and Mexico reached its acutest stage. On the 18th provisional President Vic- toriano Huerta, whom this country never had recognized, refused to sa- lute the United States flag and the fol- lowing day President Wilson delivered a warlilxe message on the Mexican sit uation and received authority. from congress to use force against Huerta- Americans; Were warned to leave Mexi- co. On the same day in a. riot at Lud- low mining colony, Colorado, twenty six persons were killed. The following day American warships captured Vera Cruz, losing seventeen killed and fifty seven wounded. The Mexican loss was 126 killed and 195 wounded. On the 28d United States troops were ordered
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
MARCH. Thirty lose lives In Missouri Athletic clubhouse, St. Louis. Million dollar fire at Durham, IN. e.
 MARCH.

In March the death roll included George W. Vanderbilt, millionaire, aged hfty-two: Edward H. Butler, pro prietor Buffalo News. aged sixty-four; George Westinghouse, inventor railway airbral<e, aged siXty-eight; Marie Jan sen. formerly noted comic opera singer; Frederic Mistra1, French Provencal poet, winner of Nobel prize, at Maili- atne, France. aged eighty-four On the 9th of this month in a fire disaster in the Missouri Athletic clubhouse, at St. Louis, thirty persons lost their lives. Fire in a tobacco plant at Durham, N. C., on the 24th caused loss of $1.- 100000.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

On the second day of September Cardinal G4acomo Della Chiesa was elected supreme pontin to succeed Plus x, and two days later he was crowned at Rome Benedict XIV. On the 18th twenty-seven were killed and eighteen injured in a St Louis and San Francis- co railroad wreck, caused by a cloud burst near Lebanon. Mo. Two days later thirty were killed and many in iured in a collision on the Illinois Gen. tral at Bfnghamton, III. The following day the Irish home rule bill became a law in Great Britain.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

Bquadron made a raid to the British coast near Yarmouth.
 There was great joy in the camp of the allies and corresponding gloom in Germany when 1t became known that on Nov. 10 the Emden was destroyed at North Keeling island. in the bay of Bengal by the Australian cruiser Syd- ney. The following day a German sub- marine sunk the British gunboat Niger off Deal. On Nov. 19 the English house of commons voted a new army of 10000 men. At this time there were more than 100000 men already under arms. exclusive of territorials.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
JULY. tiuer4a quits Mexico. New York Stock Exchange cioaes because of war.
JULY

On the first day of July the use of liquor on shtpboard in the United States navy was prohibited by the sec retary of the navy. On July IS Cen eral vfctoriano Huerta resigned his ofics as provisional president of Mexi- co and two days later sailed from Puer- ta Mexico, N on the German cruiser Dresden. On the last day of this month, owing to the war events in Eu- rope, the New York Stock Exchange closed for the first time since 1878 (BIack Friday1.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
DECEMBER.

President Wilson on Dec. 8 read a message to the Sixty-third congress. Discussing the defenses of the nation. the president said, among other things. ''Vvo never shall have a large standing arrny.''
 On the 9th Thomas A. Edison's manu- featuring and experimental plant a< West Orange. N- J., was more than haA destroyed by fire. On the 18th the New York Stock Exchange recpened- On the 18th four German cruisers bonn barded Scarborough and HartIepooL England
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
JUNE.
TerrIEe shundar.sorr, ln ParIa..

On June the A,o0o ton steamship AIlianca passed through the Gatun locks of the Panama canal on a. test. Five days later Adlat B. Stevenson, former vice president of the United States, died in Chicago at the age of ssventy-nine years. On the 18th a ter rife thunderstorm in Paris caused a loss of life and great damage to proper ty; sewers and srbways were flooded and chasns opened in the streets.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

Thirty-eight were killed and many injured in. a wreck on the Kansas City Southern at Tipton Ford Mo. The folv lowing day the nation was plunged in
 mourning over the death of Mrs. Wood Erow Wilson, wife Of the president. On Aug. Is the Panama canal was for malIy opened to commerce, the steamer Ancon passing from ocean to ocean in ten hours. Aug. IS was the hottest day of the season in New York city. The following day Pope Plus x died in the Vatican, Rome, at the age of seventy nine years.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

On the fourth day of october, in re- sponse to a request from President Wilson, all the churches in the country united in a prayer for peace among the warning nations of Europe. This month saw the downfall of Connie A1ack's vauntedf Athletics. They were hu- initiated by losing four straight games in the worlds baseball series to the Boston Braves. It was one of the most remarkable sport reversaIs, all dope be- ing upset.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

sane. Toward the end of the month there was a tragedy of the sea when
 the Old Dominion liner Monroe was sunk off the Virginia capes with a loss of forty-one lives. Deaths of noted men during the month were Count
 Yukyo Ito, noted Japanese fleet ad- nairal at Tokyo, aged seventy-one years; General Marie Georges Picquart,
 noted in the famous Dreyfus case in Paris. aged sixty-s years.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

Early in May-on the 7th-E1eanc- Wilson, daughter of the president was married in the White House to William Gibbs McAdoo, secretary of the treas ury Four days later President Wilson took a leading part in memorial exer- cises in the Brooklyn navy yard to United States sailors killed at Vera Cruz On the 18th of this month regu- lar barge service was tnaugurated in
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
FEBRUARY. 9iizzards and zero temperature in eastern states.

The big news event on the first day in February was a devastating fire that did $1,o00.oO0 damage to cotton at Clin- ton, Tex Up to the twelfth day of this month the winter, in the middle and eastern states particularly, had been unusually mild On the s12th there came a blizzard and zero temperature which caused suffering and tied up traffic in New York and many other large cities.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

to Vera Cruz and the head Of the United States embassy left the Mexican capital. Two days later Argentina, Brazil and Chile offered to mediate be- tween the United States and Mexico. Mexico accepted mediation, although Vera Cruz continued to be occupied by United States troops.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

Aside from the war the year 1914 had it's quota of other big. news events Early in January7Eto be exact Jan. H. a commission Of the United States
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

In the early part of November there was an outbreak of the foot and mouth disease in American cattle and several states were quarantined. On the l6th of this month federal reserve banks were opened. releasing $4o0, 100000 for loans.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

the Panama canal. Two days later the Mexican mediation conference met in Niagara Falls. On the 25th of this month, by a majority vote of seventy seven, the Irish home rule bill passed the British parliament. Near the end of the month-the 2Sth-the steamship Empress of Ireland was rannmed and sunk by the collier Storstad off Far ther point, gulf of St. Lawrence. Out of 1.476, 4B2 were saved. 1.o24 drowned.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05

Two days later another blizzard, more intense than the first, swept the east ern states. paralyzing traffic.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-01-05
o With Happenings of r1o1entous Import to the World

Mexican Situation Be- came Acute When Unis ted States Marines Were Landed In Vera Cruz. Years Death Toll: In- cluded Pope Plus X. and Mrs. Woodrow Wil-
 son. Wife of President,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-26

Building H|
of o. Busl
Philadelphia manufacturers whose whole output
goes to selling agents in New York or elsewhere
who do not control their market or know who their
real customers are-who are forced into unproft-
able competition because they have not firmly
established their own trademarks-will do we'll
to observe the experience of a Philadelphia
facturer whose business was threatened by these
very conditions and who met and overcame them
through advertising
The Blaisdell Paper Pencil Company of Phila-
delphia organized many years ago. It's product
pencils which are sharpened simply by nicking
and pulling off coil of paper-was exclusive
novelty and developed gradually as a competitor
of the wooden pencil
Just five years ago this company discerned that
there were two conditions which demanded a
change in the method of selling.
First the entire output of the factory was
York The goods were being sold, but not aggres-
sively. The market belonged, not to the manufac-
turer, but to the sales agent. The whole business
was built upon single pier.
Second, the patents the machines for making
the paper pencil would eventually expire Then
it would be possible for other manufacturers to step
in, make similar goods and cash in on the reputation
made after long effort by the Blasdell company,
unless the Blaisdell name should by that time be
well established that competition would be unable
to overtake it.
The solution of both problems national
advertising. Advertising to create market which
would be supported on foundation of thousands
Of trade relations instead of one. Advertising to
insure that market by creating asset of good will
among consumers.
THE CURTIS PUE
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1915-03-26
Building the Foundations
of o. Business Wider

In 1909 the Blaisdell company began to adver-
tise nationally with appropriation of $500. 1t
has advertised ever since always consistently and
persstently with a steady increase in the amount
of advertising and correspondingly steady increase
in the volume of business.
In addition to the general purposes already
outlined it was highly important to standardize
Blasdell pencils for the of large business houses,
tremendous and stable market and to develop the
sale of graphite pencils The Blaisdel1 crayons
were we'll known, but few customers knew that the
company made graphite pencils of all grades which
had the same good features the crayons.
The advertising has gone far toward accom-
plishing these results The Saturday Evening Post,
which for the past four years has been almost the
only publication used has been effective in reaching
big business houses. One advertisement alone di-
rected at firms employing IL or clerks brought
5000 inquiries including ESQ from dealers.
Blaisden pencils today are carried not only by
stationery stores all the country, but by most
big department stores They specified by school
boards telephone companies, railroad companies,
banks and manufacturing corporations
A circular letter which when sent out five years
ago brought replies only from 10 of those addressed
after the advertising brought in nearly 1OO96
The whole progress of the company in the face
of competition from many longestablished, we'll
organized FIRMS has been remarkable.
The 1914 record of BlaisdeI pencils stands out
in sharp contrast to the records of unadvertsed
pettors.
And today the Blaisdell company controls it's
own market, knows who and where it's customers
are and need not fear competition.
How many Philadelphia manufacturers can say
as much?
,ISHING COMPANY
RE, PHILADELPHIA