davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1915-01-31

ing and distribution, transportation
and storage problems, and also market
ing by parcel post. Each OF these
of a specialist appointed for his ef-
ficiency in that particular line
The marketing by parcel post in
vestigations has been done in CO.
operation with the Post Office Depart
ment. one investigator travelling as a
member of the mail car crew for that
purpose. Very thorough studies were
made of the shipping of perisha BILE
produce by this method. Experimental
shipments were made in many COM
modities, and eggs supplied by the
bureau of animal industry were tried
out in shipments of ! to 10 dozens.
using many different styles Of con-
tainers. Out of 10000 eggs the loss
from breakage was SO small as to
thoroughly demonstrate that with
proper packing eggs may successfully
be sent by this means.
Extensive shipments of butter have
also shown that even in hot weather.
Evening star., 1915-01-31

by previous chilling and due attention
to rules suggested for preparing for
shipment, butter and also poultry may
be safely expected to stand a twenty
four hour journey in midsummer.
"Strawb berries. twenty-eight crates of
them, large consignments of cherries,
ten barrels of lettuce produced on the
Arlington (Va) farm conducted by the
bureau of plant industry were shipped
to various parts of the country in
142 parcels. These were sent as far
away as Minneapolis, Chicago, Toledo,
Boston and New York Part of them
went in zero weather in the CORFU
gated cartons lined with paraffine
paper. The lettuce arrived in perfectly
fresh and satisfactory condition.
Hampers of assorted vegetables and
fruits have also been tried out in the
experiments to complete satisfaction.
when conditions were studied and fig
ured upon.
Certainly, marketing by parcel post
may be entirely satisfactory. provided
the producer and the consumer come
Evening star., 1915-01-31
OLD TYPE Or MUNICIPAL RETAIL. MARKET
UNsANITARY AND DUNATTRAoTNE.

were ready to adopt any plan that
would work toward their benefit.
I'VE were able to prove the necessity
of grades and standards. These should.
by the way. be as nearly universal In
their application as may be possible to
a crop.
"In a recent survey of the cotton
marketing conditions in Oklahoma.
1900 bales were sampled. and a col
lection of samples of twenty-one bales
secured. sold by different farmers.
These were of wide variation of quail
ity, but were sold at close similarity
of price The fact developed that the
highest price per pound G2h cents)
was paid for one of the good middling
spotted bales. while the lowest price
11k cents) per pound was paid for the.
good middling bale, the best one in the
lot of twenty-one. The difference OF
s. per bale occurred not between the
best and poorest bales. but between
two Of the best, and the best bale in
the lot sold for IS points less than the
poorest one.
besides this study of the grading,
investigations have been made in every
line of cotton culture, manufacture and
methods of storing, warehouseing and
baling, as we'll as special investiga-
changes for the information and as
sistance of committees of Congress in
forming the cotton futures act which
has since become a law.
Cotton growers are beginning to
realize" continued Mr.. Brand, that the
old-time shiftless method of dumping
the cotton on the grond, poorly baled.
exposed to all kinds of weather and
to danger of fire, is not conducive to
bringing a good price. Through or
ganization, better methods are adopt
ed for baling and better protection
is provided for stock in storage.
I'VE have also given much time and
effort to cooperative marketing, in gen.
eral. and also to cooperative organi-
cation accounting, in particular. To
get the very best data possible in this
line We have gotten in touch with more
than 1000 agricultural marketing or
ganizations. and by correspondence
have obtained information to their
methods. Personal visits have also
produced information, from which we
have arranged an accounting system
now being tried out in several cities
in the west. Plans have also been
made for the preparation of uniform
accounting systems, for cooperative
warehouses. canneries. creameries, cot
ton gins and meat-packing plants.
"The general work Of this project"
Evening star., 1915-01-31

blocking the Avenue de Tervueren
The Musee Wiertz, where were exhibit
ed the artistic hallucinations that
brought thousands to the city just for
a sight of them, because there was
nothing like them elsewhere, is shat
tered and the weird. ghoulish pictures
have disappeared. Some of the most
noted of these were Buried Alive The
Prisoner of War and Napoleon in
He'll
II did not visit Ghent, but heard.
first-hand. that it was particularly
marked for havoc Client had more
than 100000 inhabitants. and being
situated at the juncture of the Lys and
Scheldt was a very important COM
mercial center. It's day of greatness is
passed. Its spinning. weaving and
machinery plants were unroofed and
the implements of trade wrecked both
by invaders and the elements. More
than one-half of the sixty-f1ve bridges
joining the Venicelike city have been
blown us. Ghent was rich in
historical associations. There the
Counts of Flanders were inaugurated,
and there in 1867 Charles the Bold, the
last Duke of Burgundy, was crowned.
It's famous Chateau des Comics. visit
ed by all tourists, a relic Of 1850, has
been laid low.
Though I was not in Antwerp. a
Nine. Lennis, with whom I was asso-
ciated in relief work. told me of her
escape and the panic that seized the
100000 inhabitants when their roofs
were shot off and they fed for their
lives. She told be that all of the i'm
portant buildings, including the mu-
scum, are but debris. The Rubens
statue and the cathedral were de-
molished.
.Brouges. the Venice of the north.'
the most beautiful of Belgian medie-
val towns, which saw the zenith of
its glory in the fourteenth and fif-
teenth centuries, with population Of
more than 100000, is now more than
ever a city of the past. Before. it lived
up in it's past. Its recently restored
wharves, docks. warehouses and mari
time station, occupying twenty-eight
hectares, have been burned and broken
The Hotel de Vile. dating from the
fourteenth century, a typical shrine of
stone, has not even one small corner
Of its four walls upstanding. The Bel
fry, built in 1248, and fine type OF
Gothic architecture. has been toppled
over. Its carefully modulated chime of
and carried Off here and there, never
again to ring out it's harmony.
"The marble tombs OF Charles the
Bold and Mary of Burgundy have been
defiled and defaced. The statue of the
Virgin Mary, attributed to Mcclellan
gelo. has disappeared. All Of the
churches, tombs and the renowned
Evening star., 1915-01-31

essary in the city of Washington and
elsewhere"
Following this action DIR. Charles J.
Brand was appointed chief of the office
of markets. the work of the new bu-
reau outlined and the plans made for
the selection and appointment of a
scientific staff. The nucleus of this con-
sisted of two specialists in co-opera-
tive organization, specialist in trans
portation of farm products. two investi-
gators in marketing of perisha BILE
products, assistants in cooperative or
ganization accounting, cotton market
ing and cottonseed marketing and utili-
zation.
Since then the staff has been increased
by the appointment of a specialist in
marketing live stock, meats and meat
products, a specialist in marketing
dairy products, besides various scien-
tific and other assistants. until there
are now about forty men. twenty of
whom are at times in the field.
This Office does not send forth its ad-
vice like bread cast upon the waters.
nor does it send its men out through
the country to arouse interest in its
plans. On the contrary. ever since it
opened, it has been besieged with ap-
peals from all directions for help and
instruction. and it has more than it can
do at present to answer the appeals
made to it.
Mr.. Brand, chief Of the Office of mar
kets, in a recent interview. outlined the
most important of the projects to which
his force is devoting it's attention.
I'VE have given a great deal of at
tention to the handling and marketing
OF cotton, investigating every phase of
the situation. The proper marketing
Of the cotton crop, which is a problem
under normal conditions, has developed
into a most serious difficulty through
the war in Europe. The gravity of this
situation may be appreciated when it
is remembered that ordinarily of late
years about two-thirds of our cotton
crop has gone abroad. the value of
which was about $500.000.000. Eng
land, our greatest customer. usually
gets about 100000 bales. while Ger
many normally uses enough to be
classed second in the ranks of United
States cotton buyers.
England is buying largely of cheap
cotton, and will do so as long as she
has control of the seas, while Germany
is paying from 1S to % cents per pound
for what she can get hold of abroad.
Naturally. with such a depression in
the cotton sales, the cotton growers
Evening star., 1915-01-31

ishing beauty of the unsurpassed seem
cry along the Meuse And to think that
this river actually ran red with the
blood and was damned up by the bod
les of the slain.
AT Namur, so charmingly hospitable
as I remember it, they tell ME it Is as
a city of the dead. Instead Of groups OF
gay tourists and greeting villagers
nothing is seen but steady procession
of wounded being brought in to the
American hospital maintained by the
Duchess of Sutherland. From the cita-
del nothing but ruins can be seen, ana
the magnificent stadium for holding
Olympic games ts mere shambles.
I'm the ruins at Termonde l saw
women who should have been in bed
holding their new babies to their
breasts. piling up bricks and blocks of
stone to make rough novels. thatching
them somewhat with fagots and spread
ing some portion Of their all too scant
clothing over the top as a slight pro-
lection for the baby from the bitter
cold.
Just south of Termonde. at Assache.
] saw the women clearing away the de-
d'Armande as foreman directing the
work. Old men and boys on bicycles
acted as food carriers around Alost
and Ninove. riding many miles Day
Il visi ed the prison camp at Putte.
where more than 10000 German and
Austrian wounded and prisoners are
held There was dire need for food and
the sanitary conditions were very bad.
There was a sort of diphtheretic cpl
demic at the time. These Germans
have since, I have learned, broken up
this camp. The Belgians humanely did
all the could for their prisoners, but
lacked the food and surgical and medi-
cal supplies with which to do much.
Brussels. recently the capital of the
nation with half u million Inhabitants,
wonderfully clean and well built and
one of the most beautiful cities in all
Europe. is scrap heap. 1t blunts i'm
agination and beggars description to
city, noted for it's lace and jewelry. 1t
is ravaged and sacked.
THE Grand Palace. 355 feet long and
230 feet wide. the finest square in
Europe each house an architectural
gem. is to be spoken OF but in the past.
The Hotel de Vile, a remarkable build
ing with lacelike effect, a lovely tower
covered with stone trellis work, as
cended by 407 steps, with the interior
noted for its gorgeous decorations,
looks like quarry might after an
earthquake.
'.The Maison du Roi. which had 4
marvellous facade and contained the
Musee Communal. erected in the elev-
enth century and restored in 18s2-one
can scarcely tell today where 1t stood.
1t has suffered extinction Just as did
those twenty-five most noble in the
land beheaded at its portal by order or
the Duke of Alva in 1868. Every one
of the many famous buildings in this
Evening star., 1915-01-31

plodding seaward. helping to trundle
barrows or balance a few poor bundles
of household belongings on little dog
carts. They were all going to the coast.
where food would come first The idea
came-and I could not chase it away
that they were Just dumb driven cat
tie
"At Liege. the Birmingham OF Bel
gium.' for the first time 1 learned the
meaning of the word ruin Its noted
university looked as though a ruth
less giant hand had picked it up and
scattered 1t as a hstful Of chaff. The
Palace OF Justice. with its courts that
were marvels of architecture. one Of
which resembled the wonderful court
of lions of the Alhambra at Granada
In Spain. and arcades supported by
hundreds of columns Of blue stone fam
tastically decorated-were all toppied
down and smashed into bits The
cathedral, dating from 96S. containing
famous pulpit and many works Of
art. seemed to have been visited with
especial vengeance. Books from the
valuable university library were lying
about torn up, partly burned. volumes
that can never be replaced.
THE fine collection of palm trees in
the botanical gardens. the pride of that
section of the country, l saw lying cut
to and through the roots. The magnifi-
cent statue of Charlemagne l Wept over
as it lay broken and battered on the
ground. The handsomely carved and
sculptured base was broken up like
gravel. The monster bronze figure was
twisted, broken and battered.
"Namur and Dinant did not see, but
talked with many who had inspected
the ruins. They reported that Dinant
was entirely wiped out as it lay. a
charming little village. where I had
previously climbed the 40s steps carved
out of the solid rock to reach the fort
crowning. the clifY and viewed the raw
Evening star., 1915-01-31

a oARTHA ANNETTE HODGE.
iNMI Phi. D., claiming Washington
UWIl as her residence. although
NVS she Is in fact a world travel
or. has Just returned from a trip across
Belgium, where she did relief work IN
several of the centers that suffered
most. She gives an eyewitness story
o: the way that little nation has been
aayed and its people made destitute
wanderers.
DR.. Hodge is the widow Of William
Franklin Hodge of North Adams. Mass
She lie a native Of Marysville. Tenn,
and a great great granddaughter Of
John Sewer. the first governor of the
state She spends most OF her time in
travel and has visited every state in
the Union and been around the world
twice. Several years ago she taught in
he University Of Cartagena. Colombia.
south America. She is the author of
several books.
Dr. Hodge suffered considerably while
making her escape from Berlin, where
she was at the outbreak OF the war
Jeing robbed and beaten in a railroad
rain and forced TO walk ten days to
each the Belgian frontier. Her nerves,
shattered by her own sufferinss and by
ser care OF refugees and other war suf-
terers, she returned to this country; but
as coon as she regains her strength she
IS determined to return to Belgium and
ae.p In the care OF the women and chill
lrer.
Il Travelled through Belgium from west
o east shortly before the war cloud
broke. and ! saw II the most thickly
populated country In Europe, with three
times as many citizens per square mile
as France and twice as many Eng
and 1t held premier place tor value Of
IMPORTS and exports, leading the world
practical economies. peaceful. indus
-ious, happy. attracting students from
ne world wide 10 its schools OF agrt-
sulture. horticulture and cooking. 1t
.Ured art lovers by the delicate intricacy
II its lace manufacture. by the archi-
:ectural grace and grandeur OF its many
historic buildings and by the master
2ieces Of the best artists who ever
tainted in o,ls. wrought in brass or
hipped marble.
u made my way back across Belgium
rom east TO west. across what had
been beautiful golden felds of the finest
lhe feet Of armies and heavy war au-
ronobiles. actually sodden and ciotted
with pools Of blood.
Il blistered my feet as had to climb
over the smoking ruins of the homes
hat lately sheltered peasant families
and echoed to the laughter OF happy
children. There are no children in Bel
and women. with pinched, misery
stamped faces and starving bodies.
ramishins: and the only childish notes
are tho wallis Of thousands of babies
hat came into life before their time.
Evening star., 1915-01-31

works of brass have been despoiled
looted, pillaged and wrecked. The stat
ues for which Bruges was noted have
been sma shed and the museums strip
ped of their choicest prizes.
"Ypres has suffered as severely as
any beauty spot in Belgium. Today
there are bare 1000 people left to
wander hopelessly around its ruins
trying to find some little relic among
the costly waste. The magnificent Halle
aux Draps, the famous belfry, the Mai
son Conlmunale, the Hotel de Vile, the
old Museum Merglynck have all been
blown up. shattered by shrapnel, mined
and burned.
"At the little suburb of Lonpre I
helped to stifle an outbreak of scarlet
fever among the children. We provided
what shelter we could with shawls,
skirts, etc. We could get but scant
supplies and had little or no money
with which to purchase them even if
they could be had. To those afflicted
with diphtheretic sore throat we gave
an application of horseradish leaves
and cooling drinks.
There were many woman refugees
from Antwerp who told of the mining
and pillage of all that was best. most
valuable and historic. The women of
the better class in Belgium labored
tirelessly to do all that they could to
care for, direct and encourage their
more helpless sisters in distress. They
urged forward those more dependent
ones who seemed scarcely able to think
for themselves, who would just squat
down by the roadside to let death by
starvation, arms or any other kind
claim them as it might. There is need
for organizers and people to direct
these poor heart-scourged people just
much there is need for funds,
food or other supplies.
II saw surgeons at Lonpre extract
with strong magnet bits of shrapnel
from the wounded who were brought
in. and swab out the torn flesh with
iodine. The pieces taken out resemble
an old bent nail. The victims were
frightfully torn and mutilated.
'Ostend, the queen of watering
places the summer residence of the
royal family, looks like great gypsy
camp. There I saw one of the worst
calamities befall the refugees. Hun
dreds were crowded on the estacade. or
pier, immense promenade running
600 meters into the sea. There was
crash, shrieks of terror and the hun
dreds of people were struggling des-
perately in the water. 1t was icy cold.
1 saw them clinging to pieces OF
wreckage.
"At first they seemed determined to
hold up until help came. but as the
time passed the cold must have bitten
to their very bones, scores must nave
been seized with cramps-anyhow, they
dropped off and were seen no more. 1t
was a picture / cannot Danish from
my mind. l was told the pier was
mined.
THE kings villa has been thrown
open for the most seriously wounded
and sick. There the Red Cross nurses
are working heroically, many of them
tender society women to whom manual
labor, the sight of serious wounds and
starvation are new and sickening: yet
they do their best nobly. while their
hearts are torn by personal bereave-
Evening star., 1915-01-31

World M Countrywide Destruction Accomplished Many Gen.
Pton1ne Demolished and Burned and Art Galleries Suffer-
Prison Where $4,000 German and
Are
Evening star., 1915-01-31

q 0NCLE SAM has a new bureau
the office of markets. In the
extensive scope of its duties
~ and the multiplicity of de-
..ands made for Its services 1t might
be aptly termed national board of ad-
fustments, for it stands in that rela-
ton to the difficulties between the pro-
lucer, consumer. transportation agen-
cies and the midd1emen.
II is also a bureau Of information of
encyclopedia dimensions, since its in
cestigations bear upon every line ana
~anifcation of commercial industry
that draws its life from the agricul-
turaI pursuits of the land.
And its object is to bring about con-
ditions that will insure better crops
rom the farmer. with better returns
FOR him, better supplies at proportion
ateIy fairer prices for the consumer,
letter concessions and shipping facili-
ties from the transportation agencies
and less abuse and better service from
tho middleman.
In short, the Office Of markets Is a
small but highly efficient crucible. into
which is poured the conglomerated
laass of commercial problems and vex-
atoms, the blunders Of ignorance, the
sins of omission and commission of the
armers, stock raisers and dairymen.
their agents and markets that come
from all parts Of the country clamortng
.or correction.
Here these elements of discord are
put through the refining fire of honest
disinterested investigation and scien-
tinc education and emerge with all
possible expedition, transformed into
splendid systems of cooperation and
organization through which mutual ad-
rantage and beneflt accrue as the right
OF membership.
This ONCE. which bids fair TO be the
l.elping hand to lead the agricultural
sections Of our country into an era Of
greater prosperity. owes its existence
TO the passage of an act during the
last session of the Sixty-second Con-
gress. which appropriated $4,000, of
which $4,000 was made Immediately
available, ito enable the Secretary of
Agriculture to acquire and diffuse
among the people of the United States
useful information on subjects con-
nected with the marketing and dis
tributing of farm products and for the
employment of persons and means nee
Evening star., 1915-01-31
.eLE SANS OFrIeEc q" MARKE1sB

1t Is, Figuratively, the
Crucible Into Which
Is Poured the Con-
glonerate Mass of
Commercial Problems
and Vexations - Spe-
.,ialists in Marketing of
Various Products-The
Office Aims to Diffuse
Among the People In
formation on Subjects
Connected With Mar
keting and Distribution
Of Farm Products.
Evening star., 1915-01-31

"AnseY1cans cannot appreciate the
holoeausG that has destroyed Belgium
Any Who saw the Chicago fire. the Bal
timore IRE. the conhagration of Chel-
sea or Salon. Mass. has but a hint of
what has scared Belgium. The north
and west Of Belgium are as fiat as
any country on the sphere-a series OF
asst plains. which. especially in Flan-
Evening star., 1915-01-31

ders, were of unequaled fertility. To-
day this country is flatter than ever.
There is scarcely building left stand
ing. Homes are but ash piles, factories
heaps of broken brick and stone, build
ings that were architectural triumphs
ar, ground into powder. Museums of
art treasures have been ravaged and
demolished.
From the time I entered Belgium at
Eupen, as I saw Olson; as I progressed
by train to Liege, where l spent two
days; as I made my may through Lam
den and Terlernont to Louvain, thence
to Malines; as / stopped for a time at
Termonde, visiting Putte and Alost,
Ninove and on to Bruges, where again
i spent some time, through to Ostend
and Lonpre, a suburb-it was a con-
tinuous panorama of verify not a stone
upon a stone nightmare of industry
and prosperity wiped out and grue-
some ruins instead.
That is the geographical, architec-
tural. industrial aspect. The human
side is something like Dante's Inferno,
multiplied. Belgium has been world
famed for it's Brussels lace. but the
toilers have paid the price-the women
grow blind by the time they are little
more than thirty. BY the scores l have
seen these poor women. who never
knew one step outside of their own
little community. fleeing aimlessly. dis
tracted. sightlessly-Ciod only knew
where. I have seen mothers with new
babies but few hours old heaping up
burnt bricks and fagots behind which
to crouch and give their infants the
slightest protection from the biting
winter.
Evening star., 1915-01-31
Capital of a Nation.

ishing beauty of the unsurpassed seem
cry along the Meuse. And to think that
this river actually ran red with the
blood and was damned up by the bod
les of the slain.
Evening star., 1915-01-31

= 0NCLE SAM has a new bureau
the office of markets. In the
extensive scope of its duties
II and the multiplicity of de-
Sharp County record., 1915-07-23
MAKE RAID ON AGED FARMER
Robbers Secure Nearly $500 From Residence OF
Old Man In Randolph County.

Last Friday evening between sum
down and dark robbers entered the
home of Diser Blackwell, an aged
farmer residing near Warm Springs,
and secured $787.30 in cash which
the old man kept in a trunk in his
humble home. MIR. Blackwell lived
alone and was out doing his chores
about the place when the robbery
was committed. Entrance to the
house was made by breaking the
lock on the door and the money
was found in a trunk. Local au-
thorities are working on the case,
but so far no clue as to whom the
guilty party or parties are has been
found,