Evening star., 1915-11-28

tures of design involved IN the adtaSu- :
,neut of the products of one factory 70
those of another. In TINS way reh,a,
able economies are belng ehe''eu
the Industry as a whole, without UNDUE
interference with internal lac.oi
practice as to workmanship or WIN
those features of design Whlch eApies
the real individuality OF diIersnt tn 81
gineers and nanufa cturers. ECONOMIES
resulting from the use OF such Stdiio .
ards are manifested in number ot
, connections.
IN the drawing room is saved much
detail work on new designs BY ma
ing available to the craftsman tettailt
standard constructions. they NOT oniS
save the cost of redesigning Such ue-
tails over and over again, but insure
greater satisfaction with the Hhai ~
sign because the standards nave pecsi
established by specialists OF wide eA-
perience.
THE society also endeavors to pro-
mulgate information concerning S'and
ards in as great detail as IS feasiele.
In addition to the fundamental uineE :
sious. many pertinent data relating 70
toIerances and limits have been inciud- :
ed in the reports of the standards COM
mitee
For purchasing departments the cX-
isteuce of standard products naturaHS
enlarges the number Of possie PIE sou'ses ss,.
of supply This is true of sources ioI
not only raw materials. hut also the
various units entering into the pronuc-
tion of finished cars. by MAKING th1
information concerning the eSsehtldi
details more or less common property
Of All manufacturers standards In
crease the ease with which not ma :
terials alone. but units from dlnefeht
manufacturers can be substituted lol
each other without necessltatlhs eN-
penSiye or complicated chaheeS III 'he
design of a car.
"As between s A. Il. standard prod
nets and those which are non -stahddra.
purchasing agents arc much more IN.
" to find stocks of standard prooucts
ready at hand, and the prices also con
siderahIy lower. These conditions make
for free competition and consequ'eht
reduction in buying costs.
"'In manufacturing processes concen ,
tration on rela lively few standard
facturers the well known economies OF
quantity production. Even "here
standards affect only small portion OF
a given unit. such, for instance, as 'he
broached hole in universal JOINT 1iles
make possible the use of standard tools
for machining at that point. Savings
are also evidenced in the difference oe-
tween the cost of purchasing reamers
dies, breaches and other tools Tor pro
ducing standard size holes and threads
and the cost of making special TOOLS.
Effects Reduction in Cost.
Standardization reduced not only the
| cost of each tool, but the number OF
| tools required as well. If special tools
! are employed, their usefulness is limit
| ed to the operations for which they
were designed. whereas standard tools
| are available for other analogous oper-
| ations
"In selling products which conform
$o .ta do rd ha la
much less than that required to move
| special constructions. The statement
| that a mocha nicaI detail is of S. A. Il
| standard form or that a material is te
S. A. +. specification is prima facie EVIL
dence that it is acceptable to the pur-
chaser. and establishes feeling of con-
fdence without further explanation OF
argument. The fact that an accessory
or part in question can be attached or
employed without making any changes
from established and standardized con-
structions acts as an incentive to ar
engineer to give the article a trial
rather than as a hindrance to bar its
consideration. The existence of stand
ards permits the accumulation of very
considerable stocks without the usual
danger of being unable to move them
thus making safe a more uniform en-
ployment of a factory's capacity. at
tracing the best class of workmen and
lowering unit costs.
Establishing practical standards is
one of the most valuable activities OF
the Society of Automobile Engineers
Those standards which have been es-
tablished by it have proved adequate
to meet great variety of conditions
and nearly all of them have been &C.
cepted widely by the trade"