davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

Southwest lows u Q fertile Held Tor
tho man with anything 90 cell that has
merit. Il u thiclEly populated ana
prosperous. Seventy i've thousand pso.
pie In southwest Iowa read the daily
Nonpareil. Il 10 the SreA9 want "a
medium OF this section. Il - known ~
and wide ~ producer Of FesultA y
you have land or anything else 70 oo1o
or trade. get In touch with southwest
Iowa thru the NonpArail Write ~
our special ofeor. Nonpareil CounaD
Bluffs, Iowa. vs. ~
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
SUsINEss OPPORTUNITIES.

Opportunity For Young Mana large
and successful middle west manufac-
turing company. in keeping with tho
new policy Of tho most reasonable po-
sitions held by those financially inter-
ested, has an attractive opening for the
proper young man. He would be al
loted the interest formerly held by In
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

II you have weak lungs. you have
reason to fear pneumonia, and should
keep at hand a bottle of Chamberlains
Cough Remedy. For sale by all drug
observation-disclosures
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
CUT RATE SElpPlNo

Cut raHao on houeahold eoo1e r
pAei1e coast and othr poanos 0upeeooe
service at reduced ratsA 1Ao 0oO0s
TsanGfsr Company. 1linnsapelis. 49,
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

Guard the health Of your family by
keeping Mt hand bottle Of Chambar.s
lain's Cough Remedy. 10 has no eQual.
For sale by all Observation-Disclosures.
ment
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

Fer SaIe-LAndology."A mAGa1in0
giving the facts In regard to the land
situation. Three months trial SUBJ
scription. free. II for home. or - ~
Investment you are thinking Of buyiA8
good farm lands. simply write NJ =
letter marking II personal and ~
Mail me Landology and ali partiau-
lars free" Address Lloyd NJ. akinnse.
genral manager. SkidmoSs Land Cen.
pany, 100 skidmors Building. Nar1n-
cite, Wis.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
MINNESOTA LAND.

For Saie-Eighty acres lard one and
one-half miles out Of Elk River. Mimi.
forty aoIes u,,ier cultivation, forty
acres meadow and pasture running to
river. Ideal location for chicken
ranch, truck or general farm. No build
ings. Must be sold TO close an estate.
Price reasonable. Address I. C. Juneau,
146 West Fourth street, Superior, Wis.
For SaIs-Quick. the N. T.. X OF Sec
ton 2-133-45 wilkins county, MINI.
Must raise $1,000, March /. Settlement
for deed then, balance, $4,000 can run
fifteen years, 5 per cent Price $50 per
acre. VIII take good auto residence.
or anything to save equity. What have
you? Four and a half miles north Of
Fox Home, MINI. Raw Prairie George
A. Stoke, Fairmont. MINI.
For saIs-1s0 acres st. Louis county
land within short distance OF Duluth:
"a miles from good trading town and
station: good house. small barn. ten
acres cleared. Fine hardwood timber
clay soil Splendid laying piece OF land.
Price $50 per acre with easy terms.
This Ii q genuine barge IN 40 this farm
Is cheap at $50 per acre. Guaranty
Farm Land Company. 41e Lyceum
building, Duluth. MINI.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

The report Of cannon travels very
far, because it communicates vibra-
ton to the soil.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
MISCELLANEOUS.

Asthma rsmsdy-I Nm tell all a.
nicted with bronchial asthma what
cured after forty-six years oufIesing.
g. F. Alexandee. Portland. Maine.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
WANTED.
FOUND
LOST
WISCONSIN FARM lAnpa.

For Sals-wisconsin Central ~.
way lands in Wisconsin. De1e 1l4sy
and general crop state In the unton.
Excellent stock and Aalry oountxy.
Settlers wanted: lands at low prices
and on easy terms. Write Tor book.
let No. 81. State acres wanted. Ask
for booklet on Wisconsin apple OF.
chards. Address 500 Land Commits.
sioner. 500 building. AinnsApoliA
MINI.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
IOWA LAND.

For Sale-Eighty acres. four miles
from Clarion, Wright county. Iowa,
$4,000 will handle, balance five years
time. Price only $125 an acre: fine
land no buildings. D. II. Eyler.
Clarion, Iowa.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
sTRAvEp.

straysd--From my farm on Feb. ao,
brown so:1aiHs, weight I.z10, aged s.
wire cut on front foot. Please notify
w. r. Reece. New Providence. Iowa.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
Classified Advertisements

We are going to build several houses
this summer. Let us sell you. Plumb
Bros.
For Sale or Rent-Four-room house,
also small tract OF ground with six
room house for sale; 800 acres Colorado
land, buildings; 100 acres South Da-
kota land, buildings, to exchange Tor
Marshalltown property. Telephone 93S
yellow.
For Sale-House, barn and lot, close
in, or house and part OF lot. Inquire
116 East State.
For SaIe-Having concluded to To-
cate on Main street, offer for sale my
home 203 North Second avenue; has
eight living rooms and two small store
rooms. has bath and toilet, hot and
cold water. and cistern. Thatcher hard
coal furnace. gas. front room. lighted
with gas, house 12x14 liz rear used
as wash house. Barn 10x2S. Lot SIN by
$50 feet. Private driveway. Pavement
paid. Cement walks, shade. some fruit.
Two blocks from Main street, four
blocks from court house. by the high
school. One Of the best location IN
city. Possession given. SEQ J. c. Hol-
For Saie-Modern eight-room house.
four blocks from court house. paved
street. A bargain. Address W-9. care
T.-R.
For SaIe-All modern eight room
house, close in; good location. Price
s2,250 for quick sale. Party leaving
city and must sell. J. e. McDermott,
room IL. Woodbury. building. Phone
$40.
For SaIe-CarIs special bargains In
city property. Two seven-room. mod
ern, $4,000; one eight-roonl. modern.
$4,000: one seven room with good barn.
$2,650: fine new bungalow. $4,000; six
room cottage. 1850. See me for city
property. Fred w. Carl.
For saIe-vacant lots on car limo
Phone 1894.
For SaIe-Apartment building. four
flats Of five and six rooms each. each
apartment has bath. electric lights,
ETC. Hot water heat. Centrally located
In Marshalltown. See Frank NJ. Hara-
don.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

For Sale-House. barn and lot. close
in, or house and part Of lot. Inquire
116 East State.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

We are going to build several houses
this summer. Let us sell you. Plumb
Bros.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

appearance for house to house solicit
to .hustlers. Call 10S East Church. 8: 80
to 1880.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

Fest aehs7 Do they smart and burn:
tire easily7 Have you corns, callouses.
ingrowing nails, painful bunions1 Corns
and all foothills quickly relieved. C. +.
Ladd. chiropodist. Masonic temple.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
AGENTS WANTED


NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. agents to repre-
sent the National Mileage Company in
this locality. Must be capable and ag-
gressive. References. Apply 42S-54
Plymouth Building, Minneapolis. MINI.
Wanted-Wide awake agents are
coming money with our easily demon
strated specialties. Write today for
particulars and new catalog. The
Brown Speciality Company, Burlington,
Kan.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
HELP wANTEp-MALE

Wantsd-Men to learn the barber
trade. The world needs more BARRIERS
than any other trad esmen. Few weeks
Qualities. Tools included. Board If de-
sired. Wages while learning. Distant
applicants write. Moler Barber Col
lege, Chicago, Ill.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10
HELP WANTED-FEMALE

or spare time good pay. Work sent
prepaid. Send stamp for reply. IVAN
hoe Manufacturing Company, st. Louis,
Mo.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1915-03-10

n. =. BUCKLEN & co.
go North Broad St Phila, ii
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
CAMPS |NUNDATEDON
THEUPPERPOTOMAC
New High Water Record for
Early Summer Season Here
Established by Rise.

High water last night inundated many
early summer camps along the banks OF
the upper Potomac. Scores OF campers
were seen along the river this morning
inspecting their camps. Many OF them
found their tents inundated and the
provisions and supplies and everything
else that was not fastened down carried
off.
Not in many years has the water been
high enough in the camping season to
do the damage 1t did last night. Rising
all yesterday afternoon, the water
reached its highest point about clock
this morning, when 1t was nearly six
feet above normal, according to meas
ures made at the Potomac boat house.
This morning there had been a slight
fall, but the river still was five feet
higher than usual.
There have been an unusual number
Of spring campers along the banks OF
the river this year. all the way from
The Georgetown bridge to Chain Bridge
and Glen Echo. Some of these had
placed their tents close to the water
edge. Most of the tents. though. seem
TO have been securely moored.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
SEEKS DEATH TWICE
IN BROADWAY CROWD
Well-dressed Man Throws Himself
Before Heavy Truck
But Is Saved.

NEW YORK. June A--Darting out
from the rush-hour crowd In front of
the woolworth Building. well dressed
man with light overcoat over his arm.
hurled himself In front of southbound
automobile truck. The driver threw on
the brakes and stopped before striking
him.
Patrolnnan Morano took the man In
charge and started with him to the
police station. At the same time the
coal truck moved on. The man sudden
1y twisted loose and again threw him.
self before the truck. Again the driver
stopped before he was injured.
At the station house he said his name
was johnson. and that he lived at the
Holland House. In his pockets were
Pullman car passes made out to z. II
Johnson, one calling him a road master
and the other a division engineer.
At the Holland House IL was said thai
E. II. johnson has been living there fol
the past six months. having registered
from Seattle, Wash. He was removed
to Bellevue Hospital and placed in the
psychopathic ward.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
TAKES SHAD FROM
BONES IN A J|FFY
M'sieu Louis Does It Before
Your Very Eyes While You
Wait.

NEW YORK. June 4-Although scs-
entists have absolutely proved that II
is impossible to remove the bone from q
ieft-handed pitchers head without
blasting. a kindred surgical problem was
grappled successfully when Msieu
Louis Brac, a chef from that dear Paris,
proved in the ballroom of the Hotel Ma
jestic before an elbow-touching clinic
that it II possible to remove a shad
from his entire bony structure.
Removing all the bones from shad
has a tendency from the shad's view
point, however, to ruin the shad ut
terly. But from the point Of view OF
the housewife and her shad hungry
husband M'sieu Louis deft methods OK
unboneing a shad has its merits.
dolled up in a spotless white apron and
white cap-spotless even after he had
removed the ossahoosis. or shad bone
No 1.se4, ,ssS a2s. .s71, counting back from
the shad's ears-snd the clinic was
wives from the International Residence
Association and their guests.
Here's M'sieu Louis plan of operat-
ing on a shad so that the shad will as
say two pounds Of bones to every every pound
First one catches a shad. When It Ia
certain that the shad has departed
this life the fresh fish is next laid on
q wooden board with three sharp
knives within reaching distance. Now
Msieu Louis cuts a curved line around
his head-the shad's-and removes it.
Another curlycue cut astern, and zip
goes the shad's tail into the discard.
Next with a big knife M'sieu Louis
slits the shad from where its head
once was to the point recently oc-
cupied by its late tail. Then with the
second sized knife he (Msieu Louis)
makes an incision from where its (the
shad's) head was to the tail within
an inch Of its spine. The shad surgeon
follows this up by making two flour
ishes with his knife. the incisions
curving outward. amidship OF the shad
And now the shad surgeon gets
down to the finer mashie and putter
strokes with his smallest stabber
shaving thinly what is left between
the two amidship sections. Then
while everybody holds his breath
her breath at yesterdays clinic
M'sieu Louis makes a few quick moves
which prove that the prestadigitators
(supposing that's the way to spell lt)
were right: The hand is quicker than
the eye.
Anyway. with a final flip Msieu
Louis separates the shad from Its
last bone. If no housewife grasps
from this description just how the
eminent shad surgeon shows his sci
entific shad surgery she may at least
nnd some comfort in the statement
that even the attentive clinic yester-
day could no more have performed ed
the operation with Msieu Louis jeft.
ness than they could repeat "shad sur
geon shows his scientific shad surg.
cry" deftly at first attempt and get
away with it
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
NEW BAGGAGE LAW
STILL IS PROBLEM
travelling Public Getting Used to
1t, But Railroad Men Have
Strenuous' Day.

Though the travelling public 10 becom-
ing somewhat used to the new formula
OF declaring tho value OF baggage snip
ped. and to the delay in making out
ticket and receiving q receipt. as pro-
yided In the Cummins amendment to
the Interstate commerce act, baggage
men at the Union Station had siren
uous time today at the rush periods.
Their chief trouble was with women
passengers, who invariably had to- stop
and do a lot of mental arithmettc be-
fore declaring the value Of their bag
gage.
AS n rule. however. the sailing was
comparatively smooth. Travelling men
accepted the now form. as merely an
other annoyance in their line to be ac-
cepted with the others and made the
best of. The only delays encountered
were from casual travellers. who de-
manded a detailed explanation OF the
why and wherefore and then figured to
what they felt to be an exact answer.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Fed Meat to Pet Dog;
Let Wife Go Hungry

PITTSBURGH. June 4.-"when Charley
thought more of dog than he did OF
me I decided II was time that we
separated" said Mrs. Bessie M. Gold
en- when told that a decree OF divorce
from Charles Golden had been recon-
mended.
"one evening I had only 10 cents In
the house with which to buy meat for
our dinner" she said. II went to a
butcher shop and bought two pork chops.
NV husband came home, and when he
saw I had only enough meat for the
two Of US. and there was none for HIS
dog. he took the chop from my plate
and gave 1t to the dog and told me Ia
60 hungry"
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
DON'T USE SOAP
ON YOUR HAIR

When you wash your hair. don't
use soap. Most soaps and prepared
shampoos contain too much alkali,
which Is very injurious, as 1t dries
the scalp and makes the hair brittle.
The best thing to use 10 just plain
muisified cocoanut oil. for It IL pure
and entirely sreaseless. It's very
cheap. and beats soaps or anything
else ell to pieces. You can get this
at any drug store, and a few ounces
will last the whole family for
months.
Simply moisten the hair with water
and rub II in. about a teaspoonful is
all that 10 required. It makes an
abundance OF rich, creamy lather.
cleanses thoroughly. and rinses out
easily. The hair dries quickly and
evenly. and is soft, fresh looking.
bright. fiuffy, wavy. and easy to
handle. Besides. 1t loosens and takes
out every particle Of dust. dirt, and
dandruff.-Advt.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
SHOWS JURY HOW
HE KILLED ENEMY
Accused Man Acts Murder OF Ken
lucky Politician to Win
His Freedom.

LEXINGTON, KY. June 4-John
Hall. accused of the murder OF Milton
Butler. leading politician. enacted IN
tho circuit court room at PikeviIe the
scenes OF a quarrel during wnich ne
killed Butler. Hall swore that II was
In self-defense.
Then he turned to the witness chalr
and began auarreling with an imag,n-
ary enemy. When he told now but'er
advanced on him he drew an imaelnary
pistol. As he related how Butier start,
made the motions of aiming and hrfne.
The Judge, Jury and 200 spectators sat
astounded during his confession and
re-enactment of the crime. HAL is
confident that his acted story VIII win
mis- freedom
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Mrs. Mary A. McCulloch
To Be Buried Tomorrow

Funeral services for Mrs. Mary A. NC
Culloch. who died at Georgetown hos
pital yesterday. aged eighty-two. VIII DC
held at IeeSs Chapel. tomorrow at
o'clock. She had been q clerk In the
office of the auditor for the Postofhce
Department for fifty-one years.
Born in Lorraine, she came to this
country with her parents who settled
in Kentucky. She was the widow OF
life in battle In May. 1854.
Mrs McCuTloch was member or Ihe
Loyal Legion and OF the woman's Re-
III Corps, @. A. r., and had been q
member Of Wesley Chapel M p. Church
for more than thirty years. She is sur
viyed by a daughter, Mrs. Catherine
Center, Of Bloomfield, n. j.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Operation Not Needed

m Mr.. w. C.if has sent to the
doctors galstones without
ton costing much we'll unnecessary suffering
cured. know positive and friends
know
flow ssrc Juice. aid bile the
to and
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Wed on ''Deathbed,"
Quits Hospital Cured

ST LOUIS. June 4.-Thomas Carroll.
fifty. who, when he welded Mrs. Re-
becca E. Bernie while he was propped
up in bed in the City Hospital, few
days ago, and who said he wanted to
be married so his bride could collect
the insurance money on his life, did not
die as he expected. and has just been
discharge as cured.
For three years Carroll had boarded
with Mrs. Bernie He said they had
been engaged several months, and when
he was stricken, and was removed to
the hospital he remarked he wanted her
to benefit by his death.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Closing Exercises at
Training School Today

Demonstrations In millinery. domestic
science. dressmaking, plain sewing and
missionary training, were given by
students who had attained a rating for
excellence in these branches, at the
annual field day exercises OF the Ma
tional Training School for Girls and
Women. Colored. yesterday.
Commencement week at the school
ercises will begin at $3.50. The Rev.
E. w. Moore. Of Philadelphia, will de-
live\ the address.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Vanderbilt Accused
Of Breeding "Skeeters'

NEW YORK. June 4.-'Tdle Hour" Z"
the country estate of william X. Van
derbilt. is declared by John b. Stanch-
field. Mrs. L. x. wilmerding. Harry
B. Hollins and other prominent resi-
dents OF Islip to be a breedins-place
for mosquitoes.
The same charge In made against
the estate of George 8. Taylor, Julian
4. Davies, Spencer Aldrich. Charles
Lawrence and other millionaires The
town board has been asked to COM
pei them to have the swamps drained.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Maccabees May Come
Here for Convention

Washington has a chance to capture
the next quadrennial convention of the
Order OF Maccabees. In the opinion Of
d. w. Gall. of this city, who returned
yesterday from a meeting Of the order
at San Francisco. Mr. Gall after talk
with hundreds of delegates as to the
advantages Of Washington, Is confident
the city will be chosen by the board
OF trustees as the next meeting place.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Porch Party at Home for
Blind to Be Held June 8

Plans for the second annual porch
party to be given at the Home for the
Blind, $3.50 r street northwest. June 8.
have been announced by the board OF
management Of the Aid Association for
the Blind. Josephine l.. Jacobs. chair-
man Of the ways and means committee,
announced today that all friends of the
organization will be welcomed.
Fancy work and work of the blind
will be on sale, and refreshments VIII
be served.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Becomes a Daddy"
On Graduation Day

MUsKoGEE. Okla. June l-Ausust
Choteau. an Usage Indian, was gradu-
ated from Bacone Indian Universjtr
and also became the father OF a bee
on the same day.
Last year. on Cacone Commence.
nept day. Choteau married Jane BaileS,
a Cherokee Indian maiden. and Q sra,a
uate Of Bacone, 1914
The Washington times., 1915-06-04

Now is the Time to Get Rid Of These
Ugly Spots.

There's no longer the slightest need
OF feeling ashamed OF your freckles. as
the prescription othine-double strength
is guaranteed TO remove these homely
spots.
Simply get an ounce of othine-dou.
Bile strength-from any druggist ana
apply a little OF 1t night and morning.
and you should soon see that even the
worst freckles have begun to disappear
while the lighter ones have vanished
entirely. It Is seldom that more than
an ounce Is needed to completely clear
the skin and gain a beautiful clear
complexion.
Be sure to ask for the double strength
othine, as this is sold under guarantee
of money back II It fails to remove
freckles-Advt
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Miss of Ten Years
To Enter University

IOWA CITY, Iowa, June 4,-Helen
Bradford of Ottumwa. ten years old.
has made arrangements to enter the
University of Iowa inSeptember.
She was graduated from high school
and Is heralded as one of the best math-
enaticians among grade students of the
State. She will be the youngest girl
to attend Iowain more than ten years.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Delegates Are Named.

n. p. Alifas, Elmer Tucker. w.
Keeler. F. A. DeGroot. and c. X.
Kriechbaum have been elected delegates
to the Central Labor Union by Column
bia Lodge. No. ia. International Asso-
citation Of Machinists.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Pick Capt. John Hood
To Command the Texas

The Navy Department has an
nounced that Capt. John Hood, OF the
general board. would be the new COM
mander of the Texas. He will assume
command June 10 In place oL d.tsfIpd sapt a, a.
take charge OF the submarine iotilla.
Capt. w. l.. Rogers. Of the Delaware.
Will succeed Captain Hood on the gen.
eral board
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
"GETS-IT" a Sure
Shot for All Corns

Use Two Drops-and They Vanish.
When corns make you almost die with
the edge of your shoes to try to get
away from your corns. you're way be-
bind time II you have not used GETS
The Washington times., 1915-06-04
Postal Savings Bank
Opens at Soldiers Home

A postal savings bank has been OPEN
ed at Soldiers Home. The branch FOR
mally opened for business yesterday.
The Washington times., 1915-06-04

IT" It's the corn cure of the century,
the new way, the sure, painless. simple
way. 1t makes a fellow really feel fool
ish after he's used to eating salves,
corn-biting ointments, toe-bundling
bandages. blood bringing razors, knives,
files, scissors, Jabbers, and what-nots,
when he uses lust . drops of GETS
1T" and sees his corn vanish. The diff
ference is divine. Just try 1t. You won't
vince when you put on your shoes In
the morning: "GETS-IT" is sure: gets"
any corn. callus. wart. or bunon.
'GETS-IT' Is sold by druggists every
where, 25C a bottle, or sent direct by f.
Lawrence g. Co. Chicago. Sold In
Washington and is recommended as the
worlds only real corn cure by ODon-
nells Drug Stores. Peoples Drug Store,
p. q. ,Affleck.-Adyt.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-03-06
WANT MORE THAN 5
PER CENT ADVANCE

ALBANY. y. y, March Several
Sew York railways are seeking in "a
proposed rate schedule. 20 become ef-
feytiNe on March IS. TN keeping with
the general per cent rate advance
o. go beyond this amount according
to statement issued tonight by the
upstate public service commission.
The new proposed rate has been filed
with the commission.
Additional revenue is sought, II is
said hy increasing the Yates ON GER
tain kinds - 1--we stock IN. carloads
and ruisiuE 'he minimum weight rec
uuired - cn'i'le shippers 10 carload
rates.
As N,f no protests from live stock
shippers have been lodged with the
commission and no action has been
AIKEN ~ suspend the proposed rates