davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1915-01-06

A. b. Taylor. who has been visiting
his people through the holidays. re.
turned to Concord. N. c.. Tuesday
morning. whore he Is connected with
the Western Union Telegraph Com.
pany.
Mr.. and Mrs. q. C. Adams have re.
turned homo. after spending the
Christmes holidays with Mrs. Adams
mother. Mrs. r. r. Bagnal ut Colum-
bin.
Miss Vivian Mccullough. of Dar-
iington. Is visiting Mrs. c. p. Osteen.
Mrs. Eugene Stansili and Miss Sal
lie Patton are visiting friends In
Eastovsr for q few days.
Prof. l.. w. Courtney. Of Furman
Fitting school. Greenville. Is visiting
his brother. DR.. c. II. Courtney.
Mrs J. G. Courtney. Of Aiken, is
Waiting her son. DR.. G. H. Courtney.
Mr.. and Mrs. II. o. strohecker, of
Charleston. are visiting DR.. and Mrs.
}. c. spann.
Mr.. Il. w. Parker. Of Providence,
was a visitor to the city on Saturday.
Mr.. J. c. Dunbar wan In town on
saturday.
Miss Mabry Mccoy. Of Bishopville,
10 spending the weekend with Miss
Csciie McKasen on her way back to
Winthrop College.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hubert 8. McKagen
have returned TO Greenviile whore Mr..
hckasen is In charge Of the Postal
telegraph once. after a visit to rela-
tivss In the city.
Mrs. Elliott. Miss Claire Elliott and
Master Elliott have returned to CO.
lumoia after . visit to relatives here
MLs Marion satterwhite. who
spent the holidays with friends in the
city returned to winthrop College to-
day.
Mr.. Herbert Antiey. Of Cameron.
spent Sunday In town with friends.
Miss Adele Bowman left this morn
ing for Irmo. where she will teach the
remainder Of the school term.
Mr.. caflisie Herbert left this morn /.
ins'to teach at Irmo.
Miss Nay Antiey. of Cameron. after
spendins Christmas at home. passed
through the city Sunday afternoon
On her way to Lynchburs. where she
b teaching.
Mra Nash and daughters. Misses
~ ~ ana Blossom left 10, their home
ai Charlotte this morning. after
arc aiding two weeks In tho city.
iisses Irene Bryan and Rcbeoc..
J ,sft ssor Florence last night. af-
Ser spending the holidays In the city.
y Miss Abbie Bryan left yesterday for
e1gs4eld. where she will teach the
tsst q the school session.
hrs. Murray and Miss Louise MUIR
'ray returned to Columbia yesterday.
af'er spending some time In the city.
Mis Julia Rogers has returned to
thc city after spending Christmas at
her home ut Abbeviiie.
Miss Louise Carson has returned
from q pleasant visit with friends at
Union and gone on to st. Charles.
where she is engaged In teaching.
BUlgTER COUNTY PARDONs.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1915-01-06
Isid9ill-lsrOwn Marriage.

PaXVille, Jan AT the home of
the brides sister. Mrs. G.. VI. Luckey.
on Christmas afternoon at 4 o'clock.
Miss CornClia 1;idgill and Charlie
Kvzcr of the BAPTIST church oiIiciatcd
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1915-01-06
Marriage.

Mr.. ]. T. Owen of Elloree and
Miss Mary Heath Johnson, of Ches-
ter were married last night at the
home Of the brides parents at that
place. His brother, Sam E. Owen,
and friend Russell Keller, went with
him to witness the event.-Calhoun
Advance.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1915-01-06

a license to marry hns been granted
John Clifton Brown and Miss Flor
l"ncc Mary pttmar of sumter.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1915-01-06

Mrs. Owen visited in Sumter on sew
eral occasions and has & number of
friends in the city.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1915-01-06
belgian Bazaar Financial Success

About $400 was taken in on the Bel
gian-Bazaar ball from the various
sources and this sum less the expenses
which were not many will he used in
furnishing needed aid for the Rel
CLANS.
Evening star., 1915-05-30
Fox Hunters in War.

NNH ATERLOO. according 10 the Duke
Wv OF Wellington, was won on the
playing fields of Eton. Should Britain
emerge triumphant from the present
conflict we may find some one rising to
claim that the campaign in Flanders
was won in the English shires. The
shires are the headquarters of fox
hunting, which most humanitarians de-
nounce. George Bernard Shaw. for ex-
ample, has no words strong enough TO
condemn it with. Mr.. Jorrocks, the
hero of sporting novel. describing
fox-hunting as war without its guilt
and only % per cent of its danger" 1t
has to be admitted, however, that they
who follow the hounds have answered
magnif1cently to their country's call.
There are. 1t proves, $50 masters
of hounds with the British colors. g. 900
members of hunts and l,50O hunt serv-
ants To them must be added the Of
hcerS of the regular army who are ac-
customed to ride to hounds likewise
numbering some thousands The total
is an impressive one. 1t suggests that
the real attraction of this sport NAV be
that it is, as Jorrocks said, "a sort of
war"
Evening star., 1915-05-30

vessels of the harbor. and after time
was commanding small river boat
sailing from Buenos Aires. Later on
he began to transport goods from ship
to ship in the harbor. and to the ports.
and gradually built up transporta-
tion service which today is one of the
large ones of the world. When he be
gan he had to buy his coal for cash.
five tons at time. When he died. only
a short time ago, his vessels consumed
100000 tons every year. He left mil
lions and had other large undertakings
outside his steamships He was the
founder of the La Blanca meat pack
ing establishment. since bought by the
Armours. He also owned several hun
dred thousand acres of land.
Outside the Mihanovitch line, the traf-
fic of the Parana and Paraguay is
largely in the hands of Brazilians. al
though until the war occurred the Ger
mans were carrying on passenger traf-
flee between Buenos Aires and Monte
video. and they had begun to compete
for share of the interior river trans
portation. The Lloyd Brazilian line
which leave Montevideo every fifteen
days for the north. They go up the
Parana and Paraguay as far as Corum-
ba, Brazil, which is five days beyond
ASuHCloH 2hHOlneT llIe Is the MeICdute
Argentine line, which has five steamers
from Asuncion to Buenos Aires. These
vessels are all of low draft. The most
of them draw less than, ten feet. and
those which go beyond Asuncion sell
dom have more than five feet. The
smaller steamers go as far as Cuyaba,
the capital of Matto Crosse. 2.7G0 miles
from the Atlantic. Think of starting
in at New York and going across the
North American, continent as far as
Salt Lake City. That is what steamers
starting at Buenos Aires can do in
this part of South America. Some of
the vessels are large Ocean steamers
can travel inland beyond Rosario and
load grain for Europe.
1t seems to me that there are great
openings for good ships on the Parana
system. All 1 have seen have been
Evening star., 1915-05-30

hundred millions of people. And then.
the great plains of the Ganges- They
are so overpopulated that less than an
acre is allotted to the support of each
person. The poverty is so great that
some of the people eat opium to keep
down their hunger, figuring on the
number of bites they may eat for din
ner at night to be sure they may have
breakfast next morning. The wheat
lands of Russia might be improved by
good farming. but they are often the
scenes of terrible famine. And last,
but not least, We have the basin of the
Mississippi. which is now so thickly
settled that we have to import meat
from abroad.
The basin of the Parana is bigger
question whether 1t has not more
cultivable territory. 1t is more than
1000 miles long. and in places 1t
reaches from the Andes clear out to
the ocean. All the way up the Parana
and Paraguay to where l am now, the
country Is one vast plain. Until I
reached the Paraguay river I saw no
woods to speak of, and l was told that
the plains extended back on both sides
for hundreds of miles. With the ex-
ception of Uruguay, the plains are the
only parts of the basin that have been
developed. and they still are on the
edge of their beginning. Nevertheless,
they raise tens of millions of cattle,
scores of millions of sheep. and they
are now exporting more wheat and
corn than any other part of the globe.
This vast basin is in the shape of a
horseshoe, with the Parana flowing
from the toe down through the center.
The Andes and the strip of highlands
that crosses Brazil form the back and
upper end of the shoe while it is
bound on the south by the plains of
Patagonia. The most of the basin has
been built up by the rivers, and their
silt has made it one of the most fer
tile lands of the globe.
Moreover the climate is fit for white
men. The greater part of the basin is
as healthy as any part of the Missis-
sippi valley, the seasons being those OF
the Mississippi reversed. We go south
in the winter to get warm. These
people go north. greater part of the
country is in the temperate zone, and
it may be compared to the United
States. Paraguay is like Louisiana or
Florida and the northern part of Ar
gentina has sugar and cotton planta-
tions. Further south the climate is as
temperate as that of our middle states,
pare with our semi-desert northwest.
Three-fourths of Paraguay. through
which 1 am now steaming, is in the
temperate zone. The climate Is like
that of southern California and the
Evening star., 1915-05-30

crowded. The San Martin. on which |
am travelling. has been full of passen-
gers all the way to Corrientes. near the
mouth of the Paraguay 1t belongs to
the Mihanovitches: and IL 1t is any In
dex of the other ships of the trust any
company of well managed vessels could
easily crowd il out of the waters. The
ship is n long. low three ee-deCked side
wheeler. with hundreds of cabins and a
dining room at one end of the deck. Its
accommodat ions are filthy. The food is
not good, and but little attempt is
made for the comfort of the passen-
gers. There are crawling things in my
cabin. and the bathrooms and the other
sanitary arrangements are such that
they would noA be tolerated on a Eu-
ropean or an American vessel. / am
told that the line has other vessels that
are newer and better. but ] would ad-
wise all American tourists to examine
personally the steamers of this line be-
fore they take passage and see what
other lines have to offer. There is now
n railroad connection between Buenos
Aires and Asuncion. by which one can
make the trip in only two days. II the
boats We're good the ideal way would
be to go up by rail and to come back
south by steamer. when the current of
the river should enable the voyage to
be made in three days The rates on
the river are s42 to Asuncion and ssS
for return to Buenos Aires. There are
reduced rates for the round trip.
wish I could show you the pas
sengers that travel on these South
American steamers. They are of all
classes and conditions of men. We
have here dozen nattonalities, includ-
ing Russian colonists, italian laborers
and Jew peddlers. We have Germans
on their way north for work, CONNER
cial travellers who drop of. at the ports
to go inland and sell goods estancieros
and their families. who own great
farms near the river: a half dozen
priests clad in as many different cos
tunes, Brazilians bound for Matto
Crosse, and many Paraguayans en-
route to Asuncion and beyond. Just
now is the summer on this side of the
world, and the most of the passengers
are going north for business or neces-
sity, rather than for pleasure. In the
winter the character Of the crowd is
far different 1t then becomes some
what like our exodus from the north
to Florida and other parts of the
south. Paraguay is the Florida of Ar
gentina. and there are many fashion
able people who go there to get away
from the cold. 1t is. I suppose. much
like the crowd Of rich aristocrats I
saw at Mar del Plata, which compares
favorably in manners with the society
Of any part Of the world.
AS to the people we have on this yes
sci. the majority of them are unspeak-
ably common" Three-fourths of the
lar, and the toothpick is universally
Evening star., 1915-05-30
H" THE BANNER

Spain." says Kadmiel, lin little white
town under the mountains. Yes. the
Moors are cruel, but at least their
learned men dare to think. l was dill
gent in my business. Therefore / stood
before kings and became a brother to
princes"
Is it not like Columbus? AS a fact,
in his book of Prophecies he says:
Il entertained constant relations dn
Lisbon, etc. with learned Jews and
Moors, both clergy and lay"
The picture applies perfectly to one
of these latter in the historical person
of Isaac Abravanel. who-Jew undis-
guised-stood before King Alfonso v
of Portugal as his intendant of finances.
Prosecuted by his successor. he took
refuge in Spain. where he was actually
in charge of Ferdinand the Catholics
finances in the year before Columbus
sailed. Suddenly he had to flee, with
his brethren. In the great expelling.
He lived in Germany. Venice, Naples.
Curfu and elsewhere.
1t was to the talk of such as these.
in kipling, that the child beneath the
Evening star., 1915-05-30

the light of de la Riega's find, how
ever, more tragical interest is dis
closed for Cristobal Colon, son of
Domingo Colon and Susannah Fonte-
rosa of Pontevedra. Spain, long re-
fuged in Genoa. Italy, to conceal his
vertiable status from the prosecutions Of
the Spanish inquisition.
AS the Italian Colombo. the clue was
lost
AS the returned Colon. any chance
suspicion might set up inquiry.
And here the sensation stood. when
the great European war broke out. in
August, 1914.
Yet. but for the confusion of the war.
the world might stir with later devel-
opments.
Israelites in the United States were
proud Of the possibility Foremost
rahbis in New York. Washington. etc.
commented favorably on it. Only. in
Evening star., 1915-05-30

Copyright. 1915. by Frank G. carpenterA
Steamship San Martin, on the Paraguay
River
S@OR the past five days I have been
IL steaming up the Parana river.
and / am now on the steamship
< San Martin, on the great Para
quay. which is branch of the Parana.
On one side of me is the republic of
Paraguay. and on the other the Chaco.
which belongs partly to Paraguay and
partly to Argentina. l am in the heart
of the Parana basin. which is poten-
tally one of the worlds greatest meat
baskets of the future. 1t has already
supplied vast quantities of beef and
mutton for the warning armies of Eu-
rope, and 1T is also shipping meat
uorthward for Uncle Sans stomach
AS / left Buenos Aires | saw one OF
the Lamport & Holt steamers loaded
with chilled beef starting out for New
York, and. sailing up the Rio de la
Plata 7 passed the mouth of the l.ru-
quay river, that carries down the cat
tie of Uruguay and the Argentine
Mesopotamia to Buenos Aires and Mon
tevideo. The next morning we anchor
ed in front of Rosario, on the Parana,
several hundred miles from the ocean.
There the vessels were taking on In
now f1ghting in France, and all the way
up the Parana proper. distance as
great as from New York to Chicago, |
passed estancia after estancia upon
which thousa nds of beeves were fatten-
ing on the rich grass In some places
saw droves of horses similar to the
hundreds which are now going by ship
loads to Europe and focks of sheep
which will soon be frozen mutton in
the frigerificos of Buenos Aires. At
Corrientes | near where the Alto
Parana flows into the main stream. and
little later on entered the Paraguay,
which extends from here more than fif-
teen hundred miles northward, opening
np another vast meat supply.
The Paraguay river has its source in
the highlands of Matto Crosse. the
mighty plateau that forms the height
of land of the South American conti-
nent The region corresponds to the
great lakes region of North America.
and it is covered with pastures. The
Paraguay flows through grass lands
and forests for a distance as great as
from Philadelphia to the Rockies. Not
far north from where l am now is the
mouth of the Pilcomayo river, that
rises in the Andes and passes through
the cattle lands of eastern Bolivia,
flowing in a tortuous course of fifteen
hundred miles through uneXplored
wilds i,efore it comes into the Para
quay. The Pilcomayo flows btween the
Chaco of Argentina and Paraguay,
Evening star., 1915-05-30

river from the highlands of Brazil and
are moving slowly down to the ocean.
Jasuars. deer. tapirs and other wild
animals are sometimes seen on these
floating islands. In some places the
banks of the islands steep. They
have been coated and built up by flood
after food YOU can see by the strata
which are so plain that they look like
the layers in cake and appear to he
sliced down with a knife. Many of the
islands are covered food times. and
then the river goes far out over the
mainland. At Rosario about 200 miles
from Buenos Aires. the stream at low
water is fifteen miles wide. and i'll the
floods it extends ten miles farther out.
Many OF these islands of the Parana
are inhabited. This is especially so OF
those near Buenos Aires. where hun
dreds of thousands of acres have been
taken up by fruit and vegetable plan
tations. This region is known as the
Tigre- The islands are so close to-
.ether that they seem one great body
os land. separated only by narrow
canals There are villas on many OF
them, and the place is also a pleasure
resort and one of the gambling hells
for the city. Farther upstream many
islands are devoted to pastures. You
see cattle feeding upon them, and iip11-
mails are ferried over from the main
land in times of drought. The 1slands
are as fertile as the valley of the Nile.
They will raise rice, and it is believed
that they might furnish enough of that
grain to feed the whole country and give
some for export. Altogether they con-
tain thousands of acres. but they form
a very small part of the undeveloped
regions of this mighty Parana basin.
which potentially is one of the great
food lands of the world.
Indeed, 7 know of no place on the
globe that compares with the basin
Of the Parana in its undeveloped pos
sibilities. The other large bread and
meat areas of the world are pract-
cally all under cultivation. Let me re-
call some that compare in extent with
this region. First, take the great plains
of China. They are cut up into gar
den patches. They are spotted with
cities and with countless villages OF
mud huts, and they support several
Evening star., 1915-05-30

countries that have pasture lands scat
tered here and there through them. The
pastures are now being stocked, and
they VIII add greatly to the meat sup
ply of the world.
The country opened up by the streams
] have described is so vast that / de-
spair of giving an adequate idea
of it. The system of rivers is beyond
conception immense. I Travelled four
days and four nights on the Rio de la
Plata and Farana in coming from the
ocean to the mouth of the Paraguay
The Rio de la Plata where it empties
into the ocean is a vast estuary. iS6
miles wide and il is fully that long to
the point where the Uruguay and
Parasuy join. The Farana proper to
where it is formed by the Alto-Pa-
long. and it is from ten to eighteen
miles wide throughout that whole
length. If you will imag gine a stream
on the average about fourteen miles
wide running from Philadelphia almost
to Chicago. you may have some idea of
the Farana proper Both the Parana
proper and the Rio de la Plata arc more
like inland seas of liquid mud than like
a steamer in the Rio de Ia Plata just
before coming into the port OF Monte
video. The river there is s.x.y-five
miles in width and it Is the color of
pea soup. As stood in the tub I open
ed the spigot and let the water run
out. In a short time / was standing in
mud and when I stepped out my tracks
on the bottom of the porcelain tub
were plain as that which scared
Robinson Crusoe on the shores OF his
desert island. The silt of the Rio de la
Plata disCo!ors the Atlantic for ninety
eight miles out at sea The Parana
brings down a quarter Of a million tons
of mud every day. ard it has so filed
UP the channel near BCenos .iiras that
that city has had to spend more than
s4o.oo0.ooo In making the docks and
dredgngs that enable il to he one of
the greatest ports of the world
The water continues muddy all the
way from Buenos Aires to where the
Paraguay flows in. There is SO much
mud that it has built up tens OF thou
sands of islands. The channels through
which the steamer goes are everywhere
about as wide as the Mississippi proper,
but they wind their way in and out
among these islands. There are times
when you cannot see the mainland at
all. and other times when you behold
only a haZy line of blue over these low
expanses of green, the blue being the
highlands of the opposite shore Now
liquid mud. now you are close to the
mainland. The country is so low that
the islands seem to be floating, and in
food times there are really floating
islands. consisting of great masses OF
vegetation that have been torn by the
Evening star., 1915-05-30
AT CoRRIENTEs, MILES THE PARANA.

orange orchards are to be seen every
where.
l wish I could give you some moving
pictures of my ride up the Parana
river. The stream is like an island
studded sea moving on slowly down
toward the ocean. The channels are
so wide that they have waves like the
waters of a lake. and the sun dances
over a golden expanse Of rising and
falling pillows.
The channel winds this way and that
Now it runs straight north and south,
and now almost east and west. Within
the last few years the river has been
carefully surveyed and there are now
light buoys which mark the route OF
the steamers. The channel is about
twelve feet deep all the way from
Buenos Aires to Paraguay, and the
volume of the river is next to that Of
the Amazon among the great streams
of the globe. DR.. Elmer Corthe1l, the
well known American engineer, who
assisted Capt. James B. Eads in max
ing the Mississippi jetties and who
was engaged on the port works at
Buenos Aires, estimates that the an
nual flow of the Parana Is double that
of the Ganges. four times that of the
Danube and five times that of the Nile
1t is 80 per cent larger than the flow
of the Mississippi. and three times as
great as the volume of the st. Law
renee. In other words all of the water
that annually pours down over Niagara
Falls through the downspout of the
great lakes and out to the ocean is
only one-third as large as that which
flows through the Parana system, this
great downspout of the Andes. This
system also has greater falls than
Niagara, in those Of Iguazu on the
AIto-Parana. The Iguazu Falls are
higher than Niagara. and they are
twice as wide ! shall write again Of
them.
The transportation Of the Parana is
at it's beginning. So far it has been
controlled by one man and his family.
This is the Mihanovitches. an organi-
zation or company which has 300 yes
sells and employs something like 5000
hands. It has capital of $1S.000,000.
and It carries more than four-f1fths of
the traffic of this great river system.
It has vessels not only upon the Rio
de la Plata and the Parana. but also
upon the Alto-Parana and the Par
quay, as far as Asuncion.
The story of Mihanovitch shows some
of the possibilities of fortune making
in South America. The elder Mihano-
witch, Nicholas, started life as cabin
boy He was born In Austria, and
when, at the age of eighteen. he land
ed in Montevideo he had not cent nor
q friend. He got employment on the
Evening star., 1915-05-30

whose life of erudition has been de-
voted to the Italian thesis. draws. as it
were, against his will. the following
terrible picture of the prosecuted
Colons:
"They burned three at Tarragona in
1889; that is to say, in the time of
Christopher Columbus himself. who
might have been present at their tor
ture."
Present. his heart tortured. yet un-
able to save!
Powerful, honored, yet unable to
speak for his brethren!
A word in their favor, itself useless.
might precipitate his own ruin. and
who knows what grandiose hopes for
their future In the isles" of prophecy.
which he had sought and discovered?
Rudyard Ktpling, whose insight into
the old world has something uncanny.
draws a living type, in The Treasure
and the Law" of such individual Jews
who stood before kings
Il was born among the Moors Of