davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20
STATES RIGHTS
VS., cH!LDR|CATs j I'D [ !!:|T:|
s+, e. <! i. 4 @sG a = II 4
Southern Democrats Fight Bill to
Restrict Traffic in Child
Slave Products.

WASHINGTON, D. c., Feb. 19.-
The Palmer bill to bar products of
child labor from interstate commerce
was passed by the house last Monday
night by vote of 232 to A. The bill
now goes to the senate.
Opposition to the bill, which was
led by Representative Brynes, South
Carolina, was based on the contention
that it interfered with the rights of
the states.
The measure declared it unlawful
for producers, manufacturers or deal
ers to ship or deliver for transporta-
ton in interstate commerce the prod
ucts of mine or quarry made wholly
or in part by children under 16 years
old, or products of mills, canneries,
work shops, factories or manufacture
ing establishments made by children
under IA years old, or those between
IA and 16, who work more than eight
hours a day, or more than six days a
week, or after Z p. m.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

far more vigorous than any striker
could have given Of our side. The
apparent bravery displayed was far
superior to any that I had ever seen,
and, 1 am sure, the character and
variety Of oaths could be excelled no.
where. 1t is, therefore, little wonder
that I felt my position secure under
such bravado.
Union Men Did Not Interfere.
I was not molested by the real
union men in my work outside of the
shops. One element that did cause
me irritation was the school children.
Girls and boys ranging from eight to
fourteen, and tots of four and five,
had learned the effective Use Of the
simple word, "scab.' If Johnnie. or
Willie or Mary were alone, the Gus
tomary, derisive epithet was yelled
with many repetitions. When a. band
Of such youngsters put all the vigor of
their youthful lungs into effective use,
every word is one of hatred and
spite,-and the most hardned strike
breaker will feel ashamed and
abashed.
The climax of affairs was reached
one day when about dozen young
people gathered near a bridge which
separated the we'll from the round
house. girl seemed to be the most
,satirical of all-one whom I came to
recognize as the leader. The cresendo
| of voices soon reached a pitch were
| a few stones were used as effective
mediums of reproach, but, fortunate
ly, I was at sufficient distance to be
| out Of harms reach =
One day this same leader-"Bessie'
she was called by her companions
handed me a postcard. The back re-
vealed q picture Of a Teddy Bear; the
advertising ID surrounding the picture
Indicated that 1t had been obtained
from 9 package OF soap. s# Underneath
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

WHEELING, w! Va, Feb. 1e-
United Mine Workers, testifying be-
fore the congressional investigation
committee that is probing the actions
of Federal Judge 5{Alston G. Dayton
charged: =
That he showed dlprejudice and an
ger against United Mine Workers
when he tried them for contempt of
an injunction he issued against them.
That he showed friendlier atti-
tude towards the witnesses of the
Western Virginia and Pitsburg Coal
company, against which they were
striking.
That he sent one union official to
Jail, partly for providing funds and
arranging for the defense of striking
miners who had been arrested.
Jailed for Giving Aid.
That he jailed Miss Fannie SellinS
union worker, because it was charged
in part she had provided relief to
strikers.
That he said that if John P. White.
head of the United Mine Workers of
America. were in court, he would send
him to Jail for year, although White
was not under arrest.
That witness who could not speak
English was denied an interpreter:
Attorneys representing Judge Day.
ton contested tile claims on the cross
examination. jFhe witnesses were
James Oates, Stan Bitter, and Frank
Ledvinska, officers in the miners
union, and Miss Fannie sellins.
The hearingss were switched to
Wheeling Monday from Parkersburg,
w. Va.
Teddy Drawn In.
Dayton is, fadtng impeaehment tor
his actions in tAssf strike case at
Golfers, W. Va > - "-.-
1t is now certain that Col Roose-
welt will be drawn into the case when
the hearings are transferred to Wash
ington. He is expected to testify to
the probity of Dayton and to tell why
he was appointed judge of the fed
eral district of West Virginia.
It was testified to by Col. John Nc
Graw, Democratic committeeman for
West Virginia, that he knew positively
that evidence was manufactured to
obtain the discharge of Judge Jack
son from the bench that Dayton
might be appointed.
Calls EN- Criminals.
zThat Dayton, from the bench, re-
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

into peculiar surrounding. About
twenty yards away from the round
house and perhaps one hundred yards
distant from the machine shops, were
four freight cars. These we're devoid
of wheels, rested on the ground. and
were used respectively for general
wash-room, kitchen
and dining-room. Two passenger
coaches were also side-tracked and
were used for sleeping apartments.
Gets Friendly Tip.
One Of the disagreeable duties Of
my occupation as flunkey was to car
ry water from public well about
five hundred yards distant on the out
skirts Of Superior. It was at this
well one day, early in the strike, that
the full meaning of my situation
dawned upon me. I was accosted
by young: man of my own age who
gave me to understand in a rather
undiplomatic language that I was a
"scab," that the term meant the
worst possible specimen Of human
ity-a 'cut-throat," Sneak" Il
eur" that he was a union brake
man, and that. If we dogs didn't
desist from scabbing, we were going
to receive a "cold-lead reception" or
something to that effect.
OF course, was naturally fright
ened at so sudden an attack en-
deavored to make a concise statemen.
Of my innocense in striketroubles, but,
as I recollect, not much time was lost
in retracing my steps to the cook-car.
Here I recited my interview to the
cook and few scabs who were loung-
ing about-although they were re-
ceiving forty-fve cents an hour for
working-and they were more ve-
hement in describing what they and
the '*pinks," as the guards were some-
titmes called, would do. In fact,
their denunciation Of the union waa wa
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

ferred to members of the United Mine
Workers Of America as criminal con-
spirators," was the testimony Of Atty.
John C.. Palmer, Wheeling.
Palmer told of Judge Daytons rul-
ings against members Of the Miners
union.
. Several defendants in the contempt
proceedings arising out Of thesuit of
the West inia-Pittsburgh Coal
company against the miners union
went on the stand and told of Incl
dents in Dayton's courtroom.
Palmer said Dayton had shown
judicial bias in the contempt cases.
He declared that Dayton from the
bench told him he had made untrue
statements.
Atty. Clyde B. Johnson, Charleston,
testified that in thespring of 1912, he
heard Judge Dayton, in communica-
ton with o. G. Sweeney, st. Mary's 3
say that some witnesses for the Hope
Natural Gas company in case be-
fore him had not told the truth.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

lounging-car one evening. "Blacky,'
Murphy" and Butch were among
the number, old-time professionals,
who, as they were fond Of boasting,
had worked ON previous strikes in
New Orleans. New York, and especial
1y the Chicago teamsters' strike 1t
was in this latter place that Butch"
received his name. In saloon brawl
he had been given a deep cash In the
throat. A long ugly scar revealed the
fact of how near he had come to
death. ~ -,
Eliot's Hero In Real Life.
In this card game liquor circulated
freely, and when the young English
man. claimed that Butch had cheated,
little time was consumed with words.
A pistol was promptly drawn by the
hero Of SO many strikes. and shot
followed. One participant in the af-
fair spent brief time in the local
lookup, the other in the Superior hos
pital. Sufficient evidence to convict
could not be obtained, and, shortly
afterward, Butch was reinstated in his
old position. In such work as strike
breaking no matter how black past
record a man has, it counts for little,
for men have to be obtained at any
cost. Murderer, theft, tramp, or col
lege student--no matter what you are
you are acceptable If you have the
capacity for making the machinery
60 and forcing smoke out Of CHM
neys." - :. .,
Evidences of rowdysim were to be
found on every hand. Two armfuls
Of empty. whiskey and beer bottles
were carried out OF the lounging room
one morning as q result Of q single
nights jubilee. In addition, a railing
which divided the car into two parts
was splintered as i, q bolt. OF light
ming had II struck It bro ken glass,
stumps OF cigarette les, old newspapers
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20
SATURDAY,
REV. SUNDAY CHALLENGED +
= TO TALK ON EARTHLY HE'LL
T. : >ezsaring Asks Sunday to
D. arist Did-Condemn
\ Abes and Pharises.

PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 19.-In a
one of his religious revivals in this
city, Prof Scott Nearing of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, asks him If
he will dare champion the cause of
the poor before he leaves the city.
Part of the letter follows:
Unparalleled Conditions.
You are preaching in a winter al
most without parallel for the fright
full amount of distress and suffering
among the poor.
You have declared your interest
in the salvation of Philadelphia. Look
around you and ask yourself what
salvation means here. The city is
filled with unemployment and pow
erty; multitudes are literally starving;
thousands OF little children toll in the
city's factories and stores; it's work.
ers, third of million strong, have
no Workmen's compensation law for
their protection; meanwhile the rail-
road interests which control the hard
coal fields are reaping exorbitant pro-
fits; the traction company exacts the
highest fares paid by the people pf
any American city; the manufact-
urers,, intrenched at Harrisburg. are
fighting tooth and claw to prevent the
passage of up-to-date labor laws; and
the vested interests are placing prop
erty rights above mems souls.
Why Deal In Theology?
Make no mistake! The chief
priests, scribes' and pharisees of
Philadelphia will never cruelty you
while you deal in theological pleas
antries. Has it occurred to you that
their kindness is return for your serv-
ices to helping them to rivet the
shackles of economic servitude upon
the bodies of those who do their bid
ding?
THE employers of labor have al
ways welcomed any one who could di-
vert mems minds from worldly injus-
tice to heavenly bliss. Turn your
oratorical brilliancy for a moment
ployment, monopoly, special privi-
leges and the other forces that grind
the faces Of the poor and watch
Inem snow tne1r IanSS.
A Mighty Challenge.
Before you leave Philadelphia will
you speak :. these truths 3 Will :. you
champion the; cause Of the poverty
stricken, the underpaid and the ex-
plotted? Dare you tell the masters Of
industry and the takers of profit that
they have no right to enjoy ease and
luxury while their fellow men suffer
the pangs of hell on earth?
I'VE pray. Thy Kingdom come on
earth While men are underpaid; !;
while women are overworked: while
children grow up in squalor: while
exploitation and social injustice re-
main, the kingdom Of God never can
come on earth and never will"
Sunday, in a statement to newspa-
per men, said he would not preach
along the lines suggested by Prof.
Nearing. It has been said Sunday
expects to get $4,000 out Of Philadel-
phia sinners during this crusade.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

In answer to questions put toADr.
w. E. Lieserson Of the U. S. Industrial
Relations committee regarding the
unemployment problem some very
interesting Information for students
Of economics and of particular con-
Germ to the labor unions is brought
out Following is a partial statement
made by DR.. ieserson: t.,
IF the causes of unemployment
are fundamentally the irregu-
larity of industry and the fact
that periodical waves of depres-
sion sweep the country, how is your
bureau going to put an end to these?
It can't make industry more regular
or prevent waves of depression whose
very causes are unknown. occurring"
NO." said DR.. Leiserson, ,"but the
first thing it will do will be to gather
and distribute information which will
help men, who work in the winter
only, to find work in the summer ani
men, who work in the summer only,
to find work in the winter. I am TAX
ing summer and winter only as illus
trations. The principle extends to
day jobs. This will help the migra-
tory worker to regularize his own en-
ployment.
Would Pool Labor Force.
What I mean is that the informa-
ton in the hands of the bureau will
help pool the labor force. AS things
are, the condition is something like
this: Here are five factories; each
employs yearly average of 500 men;
but at different periods of the year
each employs as high as 1000 men;
so practically 1000 men hang around
each Of the factories all the year
around to fill the demand, and thus
the factories really create a. yearly
average of $500 unemployed men.
With the information in the hands of
labor exchange system it would be
possible to pool the 1rregularly en-
ployed workers at the five factories,
so man laid off in No. 1 would know
that he could get work at No. and
SO on down the line. This would re-
duce your yearly average of necessary
unemployed for the five factories from
$500 to at least 1900.
Applies to All Industries.
That's Just an Illustrations, but If
YOU hghtes1 It soutg and Steep on it you II
see how it would apply In all Irregular
industries and materially reduce the
average number of irregularly en-
ployed men throughout the country"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

REGJlLARLZE EMPLOYMENT
PURPOSE OF INDUSTRIAL
RELATIONS COMMISSION

- Still,' it, was objected, that doesn't
provide against your waves of depres-
sion.''
THAT is where the next step in the
plan on which the commission is
working in the hope of putting an
end to unnecessary unemployment
comes in.i
These waves of = depression come
at more or less regular intervals.
There are two of them in every ten
years. Whenever they have come in
the past the country has groaned un-
der the burden. The people have
cried to their municipal, county, state
and the federal government for re-
lief, and they have cried in vain.
Relief Waits on Legislation.
"Why?" Because under. our sys-
tenn of yearly appropriations for pub
fic improvements there usually is no
money in the treasury at the time and
relief measures must wait on emer-
gency legislation.
Nov emergency legislation is y a
tedious process. Il saw a few days ago
that he governor of Massachusetts,
had sent a message to the legislature
recommending that money be appro-
priated to provide work on state
bitches, roads, and what not, to re-
lieve the present lamentable horror
Of unemployment.
THE intentions of the governor un-
doubtedly are good. But if the Massa-
chusetts legislature does do as he sug-
gests it will be next April before the
money they appropriate will be avail
able.
Get Work Next April.
''Illis must be real conso1ing to the
unemployed of Massachusetts. They
are cold and hungry and without
work. And beneficient state govern
ment is galloping to their relief with
a plan that may give them work
NEXT APRIL!
THE only objections to the plan
are that by next April business will
have begun to boom again and most
of those now unemployed will be back
at work, and that whole lote Of those
now unemployed could starve to death
most efficiently befre next April!'
1T always has been that way. y
wave Of depression that should have
been prepared for, but hasn't, comes
along; and municipal. state and ma
stionai governments begin to- consider
plans Tor refief That viii 90 into enect
four Or five months too late. Then
when prosperity comes they forget
what happened"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

was written, "He amt scab," and
on the reverse side, was my new name
and address: '"To. Mr.. Jim Scab, care
of Scab-Dump." Through all this
derision, I either maintained a calm
indifference or made light of the mat
ter by joking, but unionism. had been
SO deeply ingrained in these young
minds that they could not see comic
touch in anything that an opponent
of their. very existence might say.
' Besides my duties of carrying; water,
l was considered general .all-around
man. This meant that part Of my
labor was to see that fires were kept
in all the cars, that water, soap and
towels were regularly provided, that
lamps were filled with oil, and that
the scabs were called at a certain
time in the morning. It was in this
capacity that I was enabled to witness
some very interesting manifestations
Of DR.. Eliot's "hero.' .,....=.-.
Type Of DR.. Ehot's Hero.
Probably the worst tendencies of
the scabs with whom I associated were
their aptitude for indecent. obscene
language, and their marked appetite
for liquor. 1t would naturally seem
that there would be little opportunity
of getting the latter, but it was brought
In by guards ana others who were not
so closely connected with the strike.
Some Of the men would refuse to
work until their appetites had been
gratified. The bolder of the scabs
would make occasional raids out into
the Superior saloons under cover Of
darkness. AS a consequence Of all
this there were many fights, some Of
which were Of serious: nature. III
+ ~ T. remember very distinctly one Of
these disturb Dances " young English
man, whom I recognized as a novice
In the strike bllsine ess, engaged \ in q
poker e a1r,e wit i everal others in the
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20
KANSAS LEGISLATURE
CHARGES LIQUOR MEN
HAVE LIBELED STATE

TOPEKA, Kan, Feb. 19.-Kan-
sas has been libeled by the liquor
interests. So declared the senate in
concurrent resolution, copies of
which will be sent to every legisla-
ture in the union.
1t stated that the liquor interests
have published statements that pro-
hibition in Kansas had caused an in
crease in crime, death-rate, homi-
cide, suicides, divorces and Juvenile
delinquencies. The resolution states
that the reverse is true of prohibi,
tion, and adds:
''All such charges are libelous
and false, and do but represent the
sentiments of men who when this
state exiled the saloon, were COM
PEELED to leave Kansas for her good"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

and, here and there, a five spot or an
ace from deck Of tcards-all these
demonstrated the qualities of the
heros with whom I was associating.
Must BE Well Fed.
The meals served to these people
of the Great Northern shops excelled
anything I have ever seen in the way
Of good substantial repast. Food was
not only we'll prepared, but there was
an abundance; fruit, meat, vegetables,
and, in fact, everything that could be
desired was placed before us. Yet,
'"Satisfaction breeds discomfort" so
the strike-b breakers instead of appre-
ciating the well-stockedS table, were
continually complaining about the;
CHUCK" the "spuds," the ''greasers,"
and all that we were accustomed to
eat. Z = - =,
Another characteristic. of these
strike breakers was tendency to be
"light-f1ngered." A fountain pen and
a pair of boots, which had recently
bought Disappeared as If by. magic.
A few days after my loss, noticed a
companion Of aMurphys wearing, the
boots. demonstrated and told the
fellow that I thought he had made q
mistake. Twas surprised to receive
the -gruff reply as he passed on,
What the devil do you care?" In. a
strike there is little government and
order; everybody knows it, and the
ultra-professionals---yes. even those
who are not-take full advantage Of
the laxity. .3*s. 1s 1* = s.
After a months employment as
turnkey" made application for a
position inside the round house as a
boiler maker's helper. knew be-:
5forehand that I would be successful
II obtaining this promotion. il II may
be called such. for ] had previously
witnessed the mil on o1 two cooks,
assisata into . I 4, - full.:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20
BY r. C. Hall, in The Survey.

By F. c. Hall, in The Survey.
About four months before I began
my work as a strike breaker, I had
left one of our large western univer-.
sites with one dollar and twenty -four
cents in my pocket. BY the aid Of
"blind-baggages'' and. empty freight
cars finally reached Minneapolis
Here Barnum and Bailey's circus Of
fered the best means Of reaching the
Dakota harvests. A week was spent
amid the blare Of bands, the noise Of
toy ballons and professional barkers,
and then two months in the wheat
fields near Starkweather. Afterwards
drifted into an employment agency's
Office at Duluth, and in spite Of the
fact that work that season was at a
premium, I received a ready engage
ment. -,
- Buys "Scabs' job.
After payment of tee of two
dollars, was assigned to position
as ''flunkey'' in the Great Northern
railroad yards of Superior, Wis. The
nature Of the position was entirely
unknown to me, but before departing.
1T was explained that it was merely
helping around, getting water and
making myself generally useful to a
cook in the employ Of the railroad
shops. Three months later my sus-
picions Of auch e. description would
have been instantaneous At this
the, however, had little realization
that men are, not boarded by railway
companies for philanthropic purposes;
nor did I feel the significance of the
final injunction, keep a cool head,
and the money will come your way
all right" I was an innocent abroad.
had. in reality, become a "scab' for
) the Great Northern. railroad in the
!; war it was waging with its striking
( boiler-makers and boiler-makers
helpers. j.. 5.. .$ III <x>
ss# s8s The position of fiunkey took me
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-02-20

tiedged helpers because Of the lack OF
men. I also, knew that t''the money
would come my way" for instead OF
forty dollars month, I would re-
ceive thirty cents an hour with time
and-a-half for overtime. or forty-fye:
cents if called to work after
regular hours. This latter wage, an
we'll as the former, Of course. included
board and lodging in the cars. 1t was,
thus that became a. niEht-helpers
with two guards and three Germans
John, Fritz and Carl-for working
X $ II
What Is a ''Scab'' Worth?
"A real 'scab,' as one OF the hum
orists Of our shops said, IFS worth
more than what he earns and then,
some.'' The significance OF this re-
mark was revealed to me in It's. ful-'
lest meaning when Il was initiated
into the "spoils system" This sys-s
tenn, which I understood was prac-s
tised to great extent by all night
men in securing overtime, was this
Instead of coming to work at our
proper, designated hour OF ax-o'clock
we were to come at five and punch
the time cloQk. From hye to nix, we
were to make slight effort IN the
way OF work or else keep aloof from
the gaze Of the head push = SINH
larly in the morning, instead Of quit
ting at five, we were to stay until six.
Thereby a helpers daily wage would
be increased by ninety cents, and =.
:boiler-maker, who receives forty-dvoI
cents an hour regularly, would re-
cefve5 for his daily booty sixty-sevenl
cents an hour or a total Of one dol
lar and thirty-for cents q day Ia ad-s
3iition to his wages. This scheme had3
gone so far that one strike breaker;
1aughling boasted OF having placed ~
SO much overtime thats he han acarce-