Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1915-05-18

at iaNhuSka 'V mics from lulsa
Icl and Koasat were contemptuously designated
''Stncards" by the dominant MuScogee The koasati
to have included the ancient Abamu OF central
Alabama while the Ilitchiti, ON lower Chattahoochec
river appear to have been the remnant of the ancient
people of southern Georgia and claimed to be OF more
ancient occupancy than the MuScogee Geographically
the towns grouped Upper Creek, on CooSa and
TalapOoSa rivers Ala. and Lower Creek, on middle or
lower ChatahOochee river, the Alabama Georgia
border. While the Seminole were still small body
confined to the extreme north of Florida, they were
frequently spoken of as Lower Creeks To the Cherokee
the Upper Creeks known Ani-kuss, from their
ancient of kuSa COOSa, while the loWcr Greeks
called An-Kawita, from their principal town
Kawa. or Coweta The earlier Seminole emlgrants
were chiefly from the Lower Creek towns.
The history of the Creeks begins with the appearance
of DE SotoS army in their country IN 1910. Tristan dc
Luna in contact with part of the group IN l339
but the only important fact that be drawn from the
record is the deplorabe condition into which the people
of the sections penetrated by the Spanards had been
brought by their visit Juan del Pardo passed through
their country in 1861 but Juan de la Nandera, the
chronicler of his expedition has left little more than
list OF unidentfiabe names The Greeks came promm-
emily into history as allies of the English in the
Apalachee wars of 7030S, and from that period con
tinue almost uniformly as treaty allies OF the South
Carolina and Georgia colonies, while hostile to the
SpanardS of Florida. The only serious revolt OF the
Creeks against the Americans took place in l8l3-l4-
the wel-knOwn Creek war, in which General jackson
took prominent part This ended in the complete de
feat OF the Indians ana lne SUBMISSION Oh
their leader followed by the cesson of the greater part
of their lands to the United States. The extended and
bloody contest in Florida, which lasted from 1888 to
1913 and known the Seminole secured perman-
ent peace with the southern tribes The removal OF the
larger part of the Creek and Seminole people and their
negro slaves to the lands assigned them in Indian Terri
tory took place between 1886 and 1910.
The Creek woman short in stature but well
formed while the warrior according to Pickett lllSt
Alabama, 1896, was larger than the ordinary race of
Europeans, often above six feet in height, but was
invariably well formed erect in his carriage and grace
full in every movement They were proud naughty and
arrogant; brave and valiant in war" As people they
were more than usually devoted to decoration and
ornament; they fond of music and ball play was
their most important game. Exogamy, or marriage
outside the can was the rule; adultery by the wife
punished by the relatives of the husband descent was
in the female line In government it general rule
that where more clans occupied town they con
stituted a tribe under elected chief mike, who
was advised by the council of the town in all important
matters while the council appointed the great warrior
tuSenugghlako They usually buried their dead III
a square pit under the bed where the deceased lay IN
his house. Certain towns cOnsecrated to peace
ceremonies and were known "whte towns, while
others set apart for ceremOnas designated as
cred towns. They had several orders OF chiefly rank
Their great religious ceremony was the annual puSklta
of which the lighting of the fire and the drinking
of the black drink important aCcOmpanlments.
The early statistics Of Creek population based
on mere estimates. 1t is not known what numerical
relation the mxedboods hold to the fubloods and their
former negro slaves nor the number OF their towns
(having a square for annual festiytes) and villages
having square, In the last quarter of the eighteenth
century the Creek population may have been about
10000 occupying from 40 to 60 towns Knox in l7o9
(Am State Pap 1892 estimates them at 5000 warriors
or a total of $4,000 inhabitants in 100 towns but these
evidently included the Seminole of Florida Barram,
about 1775 credits the whole conederacy exclusive of
the Seminole with 11,000 in 50 towns. Hawkins, in
1885, gave them 5,400 men, representing total Of
about 10000 Estimates made after the removal to
Indian Territory place the population between $4,000
and 2OOOO In 1904 the Greeks by blood" living in
the Creek nation numbered 9905 while Creek freed
men aggregated 5,373. The number of in their
serve in 1885 325395 of which only portion was
tillable, and 10000 actually cultivated
Some Of the important earlier treaties of the
United States with the Creek Indians HOpewell,
s. c., Novmber 28, 1885; New York. August 7, 1890;
Coerane Ca June 49, 1906 Fort Jackson, Ala, August
1914 Creek agency Flint river, January o. 1878
Indian Spring, Creek Nation, January 8, 1921 Wash
ington d. c., January "a, 1926 and March "a, 1882
Fort Gibson, Ind. Ter November 29 1888.
At present the Creek nation in Indian Territory is