davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
Kansas Fighter Proves Him
self Real "White Hope"
Battles Stubbornly to Retain Worlds
Heavywe ight Title, but ls Sent to
the Floor in the Twenty sixth Round
With Terrific Blow on Jaw.

Havana, April 6.-Jess Willard,
white, snatched the worlds heavy
weight pugilistic title from Jack John
son, negro, by a knockout in the twen-
ty-sixth round.
Johnson fought stubbornly to retain
the worlds heavyweight title and
landed frequently on his younger OPP
ponent but his blows failed to hurt
the cowboy. Early rounds ended favor
ably TO Johnson. but toward the latter
part of the contest Willard had the
best of 1t.
The knockout was a terrific right
swing to Johnson's jaw
The great crowd rushed into the
ring and menaced Johnson. Several
squads of soldiers hurried on the
platform and cleared the crowd away
to protect the lighters.
Fifteen thousand persons Witnessed
the contest.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
ROBBERS SLAY THREE;
FAIL To SECURE LOOT

New York, April 6.-Robbers mur
dered Otto Zinn, restaurant proprietor,
and two of his employees after trying
to crack his safe. Two meat cleavers
were their weapons. The only clues
are numerous finger prints.
Roman Held and Stephen Boborins
ky, two of Zinn's helpers, were in the
restaurant at midnight making ready
fol the mornings business. The po
lice theory is that the robbers got In
the store early in the evening and
concealed themselves in the wash
room. Zinn left about 1880 p. IN.
going upstairs to his living room
Some time later Boborinsky went tc
the coal pile. Apparently he was
felled from behind with a cleavel
blow.
The robbers had been working OF
the metal ceiling of the celler en-
deavoring to cut a section out so tha
Zinn's safe would fall into the cellar
Held, the other employe, apparentl,
became curious over Boborinsky's alb
sence and went to investigate and h'
vase likewise murdered.
The robbers then attacked the safe
The ioise of the safe falling into thu
cellar aroused Zinn. His body wa
found in the cellar.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
EiTEL EXPECTED TO INTERN
Commander Believed to Have Passed
Up Last Chance to Escape.

Washington, April 6.-High govern
ment officials were almost unanimous
in the belief that the German con
verted cruiser Prinz Eitel Friedrich
will intern at Newport News within
the next twenty-four hours.
1t is generally admitted that the
Eitel's last chance for a dash to sea
is gone.
Instructions are believed to have
gone to Norfolk and Baltimore collec.
tors not to permit allied ships to clear
until further notice, as the Eitel is
not expected to try for sea after re
naming at port during Friday and
Saturday nights storm.
There is also a strong intimation
that the Eitels intentions will be an
nouncei on Wednesday at 3 a. m, as
it will have been in port four weeks al
that time.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
BLAME WAR ON DIPLOMATS
Resolution Adopted by British Labor.
ties Desires Peace.

Norwich, Eng, April 6.-The dele
gates of the Independent Labor party.
now holding their annual meeting in
Norwich, have received a report from
the national administrative council OF
the party setting forth that the party
has accepted set OF resolutions de-
claring, among other things, that it is
the duty of the labor movement to OBJ
tain peace at the earliest possible mo-
ment The resolutions declare:
"The conflict between the nations
of Europe. in which this country is
involved, is result of the pursuit by
foreign offices Of diplomatic policies
with the idea of maintaining the bal.
ance of power"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
ALIENS SLAIN IN MEXICO
Eleven Foreigners Killed in Capital
City Recently.

San Antonio, Tex, April 6.-Eleven
foreigners have been assasslnated re-
Gently in the City of Mexico, accord
ing to Arthur Bullard Johnson, an at
torney, representing Jointly the 1000
Americans of the city and the inter
national committee of the capital dis
trict. the latter comprising seventeen
nationalities, aggregating 10000 per.
sons.
An American, Swede, three Otto
mans and six Spaniards were the VIC
Tins
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
GERMANY IS ASKED TO PAY
American Note Politely Suggests
Reparation for Frye.

Washington, April 6.-The Ameri-
can note to Germany on the sinking
of the American sailing ship, William
P. Frye, by the German auxiliary
Prinz Eitel Friedrich was made pub
lie here.
II Is very brief. 1t Is confined prin-
cipally to a recital of the legal as
poets of the sinking of the Frye and
and In polite and diplomatic language
that Germany make "reparation. !"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
STORM CAUSES
HEAVY DAMAGE
Loss OF Life Also Believed
to Be Considerable.
MANY VESSELS ARE SUNK

Score or More Craft Co Down Along
Atlantic Coast and Fate of Others
is Unknown-West India Mail
Steamer Prins Maurits Probably
Lost.
New York, April 6-Seventy or more
lives and property worth several mil
lions of dollars was the toll of the ter
rife storm which swept the Atlantic
coast according to belated reports.
A score of vessels are known to
have sunk and reports of many more
missing are anxiously awaited.
Foundering of the Royal Dutch
West India mail steamer Prins Maui
rits with forty-nine persons off the
Virginia capes and the oeeangoing
tug Edward Luckenbach. with four
teen, were the worst disasters re-
ported
Reports from the Old Dominion pas
senger liner jefferson, overdue at Nor
folk, were also anxiously awaited
From all parts of the coast came
reports of thrilling rescues by the
lifesaving, revenue cutter and volun
teer rescue corps. The coast was
strewn with wreckage, particularly on
the Virginia capes, where the fury OF
the storm was centered.
ut Ia gl homo 10 mi N
Maurits was abandoned.
Sinking Fast" Last Report.
Sinking FAST" was her last IS. o
s." call before several rescue vessels
including some of the allies warships
watching off the capes for the Prin7
Eitel Frederick, arrived at her wire
less location and found no trace o
the sinking liner She carried -four
passengers and crew of forty-five
The Edwin Luchenbach sank of
False Cape, Va, with fourteen mem
bers of the crew, only two being
saved. Three barges which she wa!
towing were also pounded to pieces
on shore, but their crews were caved
Three schooners are reported to b'
pounding to pieces OFF Cape Hatteral
and the Diamond Shoals. From Lewes
Del, came report that ten lives wer,
lost when four barges of the Consoli
dation Coal company of Baltimor,
were beached off the Delaware capes
The tug Cumberland, towing them
saw them break up and disappear.
Off the Georgian coast the revenue
cutter Seminole is searching for thu
barge Tampico, reported in distress
with thirteen aboard
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
DESERT SUBWAY FOR PLANE
Gotham Workers to Use Aero Route
to Offices.

New York April 6.--The Aero Club
OF America has established a landing
place for hydro-aeroplanes in this city
for the use of its members, who de-
sire to use those craft for their daily
trips between New York and their
homes
The place of landing is at Seventy
second street and the East river
About a dozen members, it was said
today. will travel to and from their
homes along the Connecticut shore oi
Long Island sound in hydro-aeroplanes
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
IN ATTACK BY AERONAUTS
Two German Submarines Destroyed
and Base Gutted by Fire.

Paris, April 6.-Two German SUBJ
marines were destroyed, third DAM
aged and the German submarine yards
at Hoboken. near Antwerp. gutted by
fire after airmen bombarded the sub
marine works on March 26, the war
Office announced.
Forty German workmen were killed
and sixty-two wounded, the war Of
ice announced.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
CHICAGO MlLLMEN STRIKE
Labor Troubles of Windy City Are
Accentuated.

Chicago, April 6.-Labor troubles
here were added TO by strike which
called out 5000 millworkers.
Officials of the Carpenters district
council declared that 10000 carpenters
engaged In construction work would
strike April Is, when their present
agreement with the contractors ex
pires.
The situation in other trades was
unchanged.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
CRUISER
IS SUNK BY MINE
Lost While Pursuing Russian
Vessels Off Odessa.
ENTIRE CREW PICKED UF

the Moslem Navy-Two Small Rus
Sian Warships Sunk and Crews
Captured.
Constantinople, April Gloss OF
the Turkish armored cruiser Medjidieh
in an engagement of Odessa was ad
mitted in an official statement from
the Turkish admiralty.
The Medjidiehs crew of 800 officers
and men were saved by other Turk
ish warships, the admiralty announc-
ed.
In the same engagement two small
Russian vessels, the Provident and
Vastorchnija, were sunk. Their crews
were taken prisoners.
The admiralty also announced that
an enemy's mine sweeper. which at
tempted to enter the Dardanelles.
was sunk by the batteries of Fort
Kun Kale.
The Medjidieh, with several other
Turkish warships. was steaming north
ward when she sighted a fiotilla of
Russian destroyers and mine sweep.
ers. The Turkish squadron at once
gave chase and sank two enemy yes
sells within less than an hour. Sey-
eral of the mine sweepers ran In to
get under cover OF the fortress of OF
chakov, opposite Odessa.
In pursuing these mine sweeperS
the Mediidieh struck a mine near the
shore and began to settle. The
| breech locks of the cannon were re
moved and after the rescue boats had
pulled away a torpedo was fired
against the cruiser amidships to pre-
vent her from being refoated. She
went down at once.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
ZEPPELIN SCORES AIRMEN
Count Says Attack on London Has
Been Delayed Unnecessarily.

Romanshorn, Switzerland, April 6.
the manner in which his airships are
being handled. He called his engi-
neers and captains of the dirigibles
now at the Zeppelin works at Fried
richshafen and criticised them.
The count said that the full power
of the Zeppelins has not been EN-
ployed and tkat lcae or reds are pos.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
PICKS NIAGARA TO END LIFE
Unidentified Man Jumps Into River
and Is Swept Over Falls.

Niagara Falls, n. Y, April 6.-An
unidentified man climbed over the
railing at Prospect point and plunged
into the river. A few seconds later
he was swept over the American
falls. No trace OF the body has been
found
At least fifty persons saw the man
take the fatal plunge. but none was
near enough to interfere.
He was about fifty years old and
well dressed
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
Norwegian Vessel Damaged. .

London, April 5.-A Reuter- dispatch
from Bergen says the Norwegian con-
sui at Libau has reported to the own
ers that the Norwegian steamer Loev-
stakken was sunk by projectiles dur
ing the German bombardment Of Ii.
bau and seriously damaged, Captain
Handsland being killed By = Sholl
fragment.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06

Chicago, April 6.-William We'll, a
florist, was slain in his establishment
ON West Sixty-third street by robbers,
who strangled him by stuffing a rope
down his throat. The florist, who is
said to be wealthy, was found bound
hand and foot. The room in which
he lived alone was in state of dis.
order, indicating that he had strug.
gled for his life.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
FOUND WITH BIBLE IN LAP
Minneapolis Young Man Ends Life
by Shooting.

Minneapolis, April 6.-Martin Lar
sen, aged twenty-four years, commit
ted suicide at his home here by firing
a bullet through his heart.
Larson attended church in the eve
ming. Returning home he went into
the kitchen and was sitting there
when other members of the family re
tired.
In the morning they found the body
of the young man, still in sitting pos
ture, with Bible open at the story oi
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06

sible lie also said there is too much
Of a disposition to await favorabls
weather
He believes an attack on London
and the Lower Thames has been de
layed unnecessarily
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
Rome Feels Earthquake.

Rome, April "a slight earthquake
was felt here at 1920 a. m The peo.
pie We're much alarmed. but no dam
age was done
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06

Chicago, April 6.-The United
States commission on industrial rela-
lions began it's Chicago hearings with
the wages and working conditions OF
porters and coductors employed BY
the Pullman company.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
Eight Near Death in Blaze.

Chicago, April 6-Eight persons
were overcome and score or moro
others barely escaped burning to death
when fire attacked an exclusive apart
ment house on Pine Grove avenue.
Damage amounted to more than $26.-
900.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
BEATTY ON PRINz EITEL
Rear Admiral confers With Com
mander Thierichens.

Newport News, Va. April 6.--Rear
Admiral Beatty commanding the Nor
folk navy yard, boarded the Prinz
Eitel Friedrich to confer with Com
mander Thierichens and soon after
ward two commercial tugs arrived at
the Eitels stern, received orders and
tied up ct nearby pier.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1915-04-06
GREECE AND ITALY BUY
ING AMERICAN HORSES. :.

New Orleans, April G.
; Both the Italian and Greek
. governments will ship horses
. bought in the United States
. through Gulf ports, it is an
. nounced here.
. Italian purchases will be for
warded through New Orleans,
. the first shipment, consisting
. of 1,200 artillery horses, leay-
. ing OH board the British steam
!. ship Portuguese Prince.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
GLENDALE.

On account of the severe hot and dry
weather the tomato crop in this section
is very light and our canneries are only
running about half time.
Our Public School opened on Monday
with the following teachers. Martin
Elliott of Bridgeville, as principal, Miss
Anna Bennett of Slaughter Neck, assist
ant, and Miss Edith Kelly as primary.
Master Edwin Truitt of Camden, N.
j., is visiting his uncle E. I. Wilson.
Frank Rosenbaum and George M.
Plum. of Newark, N. j., are spending
some time at the home of Isaac Glen
daniel.
W. W. Reynolds and family expect to
leave on Thursday on an automobile trip
to Washington, D. c., where they will
visit Mr.. Reynolds uncle and other points
of interest
Miss Mary Kelley left on Saturday for
Virginia where she has accepted posi-
ton as teacher in a Business College.
A number of town people attended
the One Hundred and Thirty Fifth Ami
versary at Barratts Chapel on Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Marker have
returned after visiting their daughter
Mrs. James Mahoney at West Chester,
Pa.
). A. Ellegood and family are again
occupying their cottage at Slaughter
Beach.
Dorsey Morgan spent a part of last
week in Wilmington.
Mrs. John Argo and Mrs. Michael
Millman have been visiting their sister
Miss Allie Macklin.
Tolbert Macklin is visiting John Glen
daniel near Milton.
Mrs. Robert Clendaniel is quite sick /
at this writing and is under the care Of /
ler physician.
Mrs. L. C. Warrington has returned |
10 her home in Lincoln after spending .
he summer at the home of H. W Jester.
Peggy Truth.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17

greatly
as
alors sell only this kind.
at
Made
clothes
hundreds
qualities
approved by the best dreses of metropolitan life.
workmanship endurance the artistic lines
well
nothing
Perfect
other
at
beautiful quality
illustration of the better
hghfrom S3
them best
what
n
take it.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
THROUGH WORK.
How A Milford Citizen Found Freedom
From Kidney Troubles.

If you suffer from backache
From urinary disorders
Any durable disease of the kidneys,
Use a tested kidney remedy.
Doan's Kidney Pills have been tested
by thousands.
Milford people testify.
Can you ask more convincing proof of
merit
Jacob P. Allen. log Causey Avenue,
Milford. saws my kidneys were weak
and during the winter had considerable
trouble from pains in my back and ir-
regular kidney action. Colds settled in
my kidneys. l took a great many medi-
cines, but Doan's Kidney Pills gave me
the most relief" " Statement given No
vember 25th, 1909.
Over three years later, Mr.. Allen
said: ''Not a symptom of kidney COM
plant has returned.
Price SOC, at all dealers. Don't sim
ply ask for a kidney remedy-get Doan S
Kidney Pills-the same that Mr.. Allen
had. Foster-Milburn Co.. Props, Buff
falo, N. Y.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Carpets, Etc, Woven.

l have recently purchased an Auto
matte Loom, no doubt entirely different
from what you have ever seen in Della.
ware. l am now ready to weave your
Carpets, Rugs and Hammocks. Come
and look the loom over and bring your
material and have them ready for use
in a few hours. Orders received and
promptly attended to by mail.
ROBERT B. WALLS,
9-l7tf Lincoln, Delaware.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Deafness Cannot Be Cured

diseased portion Of the ear. There is only one
way to cure deafness and that is by constitutions
al remedies. Deafness is caused by an in1amed
condition I the mucous lining Of the Eustachian
Tube. When this tube Is inhamed you have a
rumblus sound o. imperfect hearing and when
II is entirely closed Deafness is the result, and
unless the Inflammation can be taken out and
this tube restored To- its normal condition, hear
ing will he destroyed forever; nine cases out Of
ten are caused by Catarrh. which is nothing but
an innamed condition Of the mucous surfaces.
We VIII give ore Hundred Dollars for any case
Of Deafness (cAused by catarrh) that cannot be
cured hy Halls Catarrh Cure. Send for crcu
lars free.
Sold By Druggists 75c.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Are You Looking Old?

Old age comes quick enough without
inviting it. Some look old at forty. That
is because they neglect the liver and
bowels. Keep your bowls regular and
your liver healthy and you will not only
feel younger but look younger. When
troubled with constipation or biliousness
take Chamberlain s Tablets. They are
intended especially for these ailments
and are excellent. Easy to take and
most agreeable in effect. Obtaiaable
everywhere.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Autumn Opening Display

Of Pattern Hats on Friday and Saturday.
September 18th and 18th, showing the
numerous styles, including the popular
large Sailor, Pokes in many STYLES, the
Jaunty small Hats; also good line of
Children's Hats. all reasonably priced.
1tp SUSIE ANDERSON.
q South Walnut ST., Milford, Del.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
How To Give Good Advice.

The best way to give good advice is
to set good example. When others
see how quickly you get over your cold
by taking Chamberlain's Cough Remedy
they are likely to follow your example.
This remedy has been in use for many
years and enjoys an excellentreputation.
Obtainable everywhere.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Are You Constipated :?

After having constipation over twelve years. a
physician friend told me what would give me the
relief sought. l tried it. From that day to this
/ have been regular as clockwork." Of late years
have rarely had occasion to resort to the remedy
and feel better in every way. Nerves are steadier
and have gained flesh If you are a sufferer from
constipation and want to treat yourself. send 25
cents and Ill send you box of the Granules like
those used. will also send you letter Of sug-
gestons Of what else did, at my friend sugges-
ton. to secure relief without resortng to vio ent
purgatives. W. c. TRUEMAN,
9-3 st 2l3 Federal Street. Camden, N, J.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Administrative Notice.

! have been granted letters of ad-
mmnlstration n on the estate of Charles
aHacklin, deceased, and hereby notify
al persons indebted to said estate to
come forward and settle same on or be-
IoIe I November 1st, 1915. All persons
having claims against said estate must
present them properly attested at once.
oo ANNIE E. MACKLN,
"9'ot Administrative.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Creamery Butter 80 Cents.

Don't forget our Creamery Butter. 60
cents Mayonnaise Dressing, just the
thing for tomatoes. cents jar try our
80 cent Coffee, we are selling more everv
day, it's winner; Honey Crisps 6 cents
package; extra large Wash Board %
cents; Sugar 61l cents.
1t STEWARDS GROCERY.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Millinery Announcement.

Minerva W. Sipple announces her
oDenng of Fall and Winter Millinery,
Monday and Tuesday, September 10th
ord 2lst. in the new Jump Block. All
,ra invited. II
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Millinery Opening.

We cordially invite you to call and see
our stock of Fall Millinery, which con-
lists of the latest novelties in millinery.
Hats now on display at Mrs. R. B. Ban
ning's, next door but one to Milford
Trust Co., Milford, Del. Phone 139. 1t
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Notice.

The Ford Motor Co. will only ship the
number of cars, for which l hold signed
orders and agreements for. All pur-
chasers by verbal order are requested to
sign orders at earliest possible moment.
It. WILSON M. VINYARD.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Achance Which Seldom Come. Around

we have on hand the following things
70 which we will make a special price
good ail-around Horses.
Surveys, nearly new.
o-nOrse power, steel mounted, ! g.
eroIse. and l x horse power new Olds
dueed prices.
reduced prices on all Carriages, Dear
D0Tns y and Riding Plows.
Call at our warerooms.
aoo S. L. WILSON,
'O'O' Frederick, Del.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Important Notice

Special Representative Of the Hopkins Tailoring Co. of
Baltimore Md will be here Sept 27 and 28 with large dis
play Of wooens representing the latest and styles and
fabrics Orders taken for immediate and future deliveries.
High class tailoring low prices Over 500 styles select
from. Don't fail to the Hopkins Tailoring line and leave
your order for immediate future delivery.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Public Sale OF Household Goods.

! will sell at our home, No. 4O4 West
'front.' Street, North Milford, commenc-
ag at 2.S0 p. M, on Saturday. Septem.
Osr ! 18th, 1915, the following things:
Upright Piano in perfect order.
! va! YAK Bedroom Suit.
! White Enamel Bedroom Suit.
Walnut Bedroom Set.
Folding Bed.
OaK 0asK Extension Dining Table, 10 feet.
EEaK Sldeboard with Mirror top.
1Hiiop-leaf Tables, oak and walnut.
! Kitchen Cabinet.
several Rocking and Easy Chairs.
SSnse5al Stands and Clocks.
66eoroom Stove.
Guick Meal Gasoline Stove.
TTeveral Chamber Sets.
~ iIe5ms I'm cash on delivery.
'VNe MRS. CALVIN HoLCoMB.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17

,.Lod Supplies best quality and
,nost ssno9t 10cent Phonograph Records,
ia,a,t .nSsf song hits and dance music. Novel
sIss. "a SGI9 new attractive goods at Roux's S
uss and and 25 cent Variety store.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
HOUSTON.

William Townsend and Miss Ruth
Holden, of Houston, attended the Della
ware State Fair last week and were the
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Woolsey
of Wilmington.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Music Class.

Miss Causey will resume her Music
rlsss s5 September 18th, POP South Walnut
Si-s St-set A Glass Recital will be given
~ tbe end of each month. 9-1O-3t
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
A Great Surprise.

We want to thank all who participated
in our kitchen shower for the useful
Dresents that were given to us as a
token of friendship.
Mr.. AND MRS. HOWARD CLIFTON.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Notice To The Public.

We, the undersigned, will not be re-
pOnsible for any debts contracted by
either William C. Wilson or his wife.
WILLIAM J. WILSON.
CHARLES H. WILSON.
9S-8tp MRS. WILLIAM HORTON.
Milford chronicle., 1915-09-17
Notice.

Wanted this coming season prime
.,nng \ o. Guinea Hens. Prefer 2 pound
5,e yeD9 Before selling your fiocks com
mrnicate with E. F. Belts, Milford,
Nell SA'tA