davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-08
City Engineers Solve Difficult Problem
Of Carrying Catskill Supply
Under the NarroWs

... .,.,. - ~.
,""tona . mnn,.r
Thau.,or. ,h. an.ins.r, had IN d.-
,,aa 80. ,,.., &C. ....mh,,rg ,hs
.as,.... ~, ,h, ,,,,a oI,,a uo,.r ona
a. annm.o, ~. 20 Zoo, ur,,s .o I'M, a
.o.,a.,,.., ,,,,, oa,,,, "a. ...,.od n,
-, ,,,on L,,.r nr,,.r ,o,or,h,.
i...,,,,ar. ~, r,o,,, ha,. h..n ,.,
...,,un Goo .nu,naor,nn .Lm hu, ,ha
ha,,a,n ocro,s ~. Earr,ws 10 mo-,
80, $50. So nra,.nm ii ,o, In
cor,nrn o. ,ho uran,,,,rg ,~,a,srhea.,
T., h,i.f ~. ,o,r,, Ma On ho ho,h
,i,,h, a,, an.
How ala tho c,,y,. ox,er,s mse, thu
a,Hcni,,os ewoc,un,Iv Tho .ol,,,ion
came onlv nf,er many weeks ~ re.
so,,cb m, ,r,oi, I,h. n.ct,pv NJ
tho ,o,r, Ind ,n be ~ natal IN in.
suro lasting qualities and. a, the same
time tho in,n, mig, adr,, ~ nexure
Somewhat contradictory requirements
indeed,
For months before the work began
Of LAYING the conduit the engineers
Of the board OF Water Supply la
bored in a great out of door iabora-
tory on one OF the docks nj Staten
Island. There they trie, out one after
another a variety Of flexible joints on
q full sized scale. subjccting each TO
rigorous flexing tests and then apply
ing excessive water pressure to see
whether or not they could bear up
without leaking. II was known that
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-08

~ the air in the space in which the
dust occurs. \ million foot pounds OF
mechanical energy, available for the
destruction Of the building, could
therefore be developed IN a room Of
very ordinary dimensions"
1t may he Of interest To the layman
To know some ~ the dusts which
should be guarded against or handled
carefully when once blown about in
confined air. Among them are those
produced by coal, SCOT, wood, cork,
tauhark, grain, -four, starch, sugar,
wool, organic fabrics Of various kinds,
rosins. sulphur. &c. Explosive dusts
may be broadly divided into two
groups: The first being those which
ignite very easily ana which spread
their flames rapidly and readily, the
lighting of "A match in such a dust
laden atmosphere sufflcing to start
the explosive cycle; the second. while
igniting readily, commonly calls for a
high temperature and q much bigger
iguiting flame or a source Of heat
applied during "A longer interval,
\ report recently issued by the
cooperating Investigators Of the
mlllers' committee OF Buffalo and the
United States Bureau Of Mines gives
some instructive instances Of dust eN-
blossoms. and these striklnGly illus
tratc how peril may Turk in unsus-
pccted places,
al explosion occurred in "A prov
cndcr mill, grinding peas, beans AMI
wheat. at Glasgow, Scotland, on No
vemhcr 10, 1871. As n result Of this
explosion two men employed by the
firm and three children who were
passing along the street at the time If
the accident We're killed and eight
other persons We're injured. The en-
plosion seems to have been caused
Ivy dust which had accumulated on
m overhead beam being dislodKed and
falling upon the open flame NJ a Bum
sen burner.
AT tn" time If the explosion all
the millstoncs except those used for
grinding wheat were running, The
accident occurred about $50 =. NJ,
and the work was being carried on bv
artificial light, The mill was lighted
by naked gas Jets. and though most Cf
these were in fairly safe positions, "a
light Of n portable nature appears 10
have been placed in n spot where dust
could have fallen OF il. The explosion
clearly indicates that q disastrous cN-
plosi"n may no produced by an open
gas jet in a plant where dust VI this
nature IL produced"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-08

grade. Four dust will ignite at 1888
degrees c~entigrade and the lust OF
ground cat hulls will infiame at a
temperature OF 1920 degrees cent?
grade.
This gives a rough idea of the re'a-
tive e~Xplnsthil!ty Of %gunpowdcr and
~ pulvcrized substances commonly
looked upon as harmless. True. this
comparison II not an exact one. for
the dusts in question must he floating
in the atmosphere and mixed with n
proper proportion of air. GunpOwdor,
On the other hand, ever in compact
form. will produce an explosion II ig-
nitei. Therefore the housewife need
not worry about her -four 81 long ns
(. is held together in the barrel.
Some time ago the Trdrcicrs' stand
ara had this 70 say: ~ dus, eNplo-
;! n consists in the exceedingly rapid
and often almost Instantaneous COM
Sust!on NJ myriads of little particles Of
solid matter, held in suspension in the
air. Dust explosions may he started
in various ways, and when the com
hustion " the suspended dust has once
begun the flame spreads through the
air with lightning speed, often giving
rise to appalling devastation. The
difference between suspon led dust and
dust lying in a uu!csCent. compact
mass may be- Cleari. illustrated with
lycopodium powder (Which ignites mt
$40 degrees Ccntigrade) and which
va formerly in general use by drug
gists for coating pills to prevent them
from sticking together. \ little Of the
powder can bp set afre with some
trouble. but it d'es not show evidence
Of any explosive qualities. II a small
quantity he taken up in the end OF a
glass tube, however, and blown
through the flame of a spirit lamp
il burns cXp!osively and with "A bril-
liant flash of light.
"A particle Of Combusiible dust,
when burning while suspended in the
air, heats IA little shell OF air imme-
dlate,y around II to "a high tempera-
ture, The air thus heated expands
very quickly and forcibly and to &c,
a clear idea - what happens in a dust
explosion We have merely To imagine
this action repeated almost simulta-
neously about every one OF the thou
sands of millions of particles that ar,
invo. we'd In the explosion. 1t will bi
plain that tho total effect may easily
nc ~ d!g!ous ana quite capable uI
KILLING men. blowing down walls ant
doing other damage Of like nature
such as We actually observe when dusI
! explosions occur"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-08
THE POET IN BRYANT SQUARE

4 IL day long the poet lis i,
n Bryant Square, scroncIy rr.,,
and quiet. telling whoever u,
hearken to him the way to write ,r..
noble poem which is not tho "No-t I'D.
ar idle summers day" 81. ty ,A.,.
der: no!
yet let no empty gust
or passion find an uitcrtrlo In ..
lay
A blast that uhirls the dust
Along the bowling str..i ,.I ia,
away
Bu. feelings Of calm power ard m.rr,,
sweep,
Like currents jourucytug 'nrour. r,
MINDLESS deep
In front Of him the fuI.ta.u Nav.
in the sunlight and the l.t,l, birI,
battle and twitter and fit. Tn cr.;.
dren sail their paper boats un the r,u.
ping tide and dip their lt,l, brown
hands In the waves. and the big nm.
liceman standing guard rcscu,s o,o,.
turned craft and balls that are SEN,
astray.
1t is all in the DAYS wuiN. Jus, a.
well Will he save life ana property IN
tn" real world. the gruwnup world ont.
side of the Children's sphere. He 4. q,
~self-containcd and dispass.un.tc,.d doe,
he have feeling of calm power ami
mighty sweep, such a. the uurt.pon.
mends? Perhaps. II j. through A,
Of strange and hidden Passages
that the River ~ Souls - flowing an
all sorts and conditions ~ mon tina,
are inhabited and animated uy the eur.
rents journeyiug through the w.ndle,.
deep.
At the feet of the poet little Nick
runs about and plays hide and seei
with Gretchen, peepius out behind ne
arms of the easy chair. The sparrow.
alight on the broad strong shoulder,
and fiutter To the grass. picking 70,
crumbs that the children hty, ,...
tered. and because TIA" gi.tf f.,' .t,
50 quiet. losing fear ot the human s",
that pass. Jimmy, the ncwst"l bats
roller skates, and is the envy ~ 'u.
small Chum. to whom, however. N. rf-
fers II Of the pair, and tho " h.'.
roll and clatter up ana down 'u" proad
plaza. winding harm.essly. with curl.
Gus luck. in and out among the =
~cellaneous gathering.
Marietta. the nurse girI. .u N...,
cap and apron, wheels ltuschIa 10 TO
peramhulator. and chat'"rS NIL '',
friendly nurs,maid AZ her side. H"g9f,
IN blue ro<npcrS, with a gorgeous new
Ian. trots along after them Tim q
the gutter. weary of matching u.h,,
with his small cOtcrie II followers ~.
.crs To show what wonders can 81. .
complishcd with the ball in Le Wy
swift urv
His ragged shirt is open avn down
To his little brown tummN, bt' Wac
does that matter tn a hero &C. iv lH,
several years oder than H'u'. G
does he e. know all aluut Oh. '''.'
Game? 50 with his .itt'" sr...
surrounds Benny, and the Gtnt
Marietta sits on the curn.'- N.'.
new friend: Rosebud COOS in ', .'
amhulator; tn" >parrowS Ht'...
Dhirp IN the spray uf 'hr iu..'tH ''.
the big policeman lounges t-I
basin. g%ossipiug d>rI-e.,rt.
the park attendant.
outside the cu,lpsu', sic D"
cars rumble in the dt~'tu.,
Nd fro their CLEANS % Il,.
And ahuvc al j. the I.o ~,.. t..
sun setting iu glory N.f"'.i '.
broadway huild!r-. where f. ct ~
white C'uuis are tI.u.n- ..- .
crimson in tho w's'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-08

Lead is So plastic that even when
cold IL will flow II s'Nic.cnt pressure
be applied. and 1t was realized hat
moving a ,hirty-six inch pipe twelve
feet long would " itself occasion a
great deal of pressure. This kneading,
so to speak, was cunningly directed by
ridges placed upon the pipe and COW
cred by the bell. and as a result when
the un!on is once made. the tendency
Is 10 shove the plastic metal in toward
the Joint. thus efecting u satisfactory
seal.
Lead. however. shrinks in cooling.
and pressure produces heat and ex-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-08

to its sister b%oroughs by an
II iron tie that should prove IA
real boon. The bond is a hol-
low one. in fact, a grea: S6-inch pipe,
and through 1t the mountain waters
Of the Catskills are to be led to all
parts of Staten Island. The installa-
ton Of this pipe invoived some in
teresting engineering problems.
Naturally. the comparatively brief
span across the Narrows was chosen
for the path for the conduit. which Is
TO link up Staten Island with the
Brooklyn end Of the Catskiil Tue
duct. bu; with that point settled the
question arose how should the water
he led below the sweep Of the tldeway.
A large conduit was not needed. A
3s-inch pipe was plainly ample to
carry the supply required by Rch
mond. Now. 1t Is impracticable to
drive a three-foot tunnel through sold
o because a passage OF such mod
est dimensions conld not be cut by ex-
isting facilities; there would be no
room Tor workmen ana drills Inc
Board or water supply therefore elect
60 10 use IRON pipe with an INSIDE
diameter OF three feet. NeNi the prob
lem arose now 10 lay that pipe.
berore awning was done n thor
ough exanTinatfpn was made or the
harbor bottom from the Brooklyn
snore across To staten Island. This
span II a matter or about 10000 feet.
and ,the ynpmarine pipe mad to have
a secure bed upon which to rest.
unoing n normgs disclosed
hnytpinS n pronisiny state or
anairs' Tine real bottom material is
mostly sand of various degrees Of
nneress. with gravel In soine places.
ana anose his ~ u heays blanket Of
siit ana sewage slupge. The average
depth across the a~nchOrnye IL thirty
feet. ''hnt the Government Increased
this ia(ong the path Of the conduit by
dredging down to forty 1--WE feet. Even
this depth did not suffice. because
there was the danger that the PIPE
might be damaged by the anchors OF
vesselS halted at that point. There
fore the city dug a trench thirty feet
deeper for a distance OF nearly 5000
feet, and in that, section by section,
the main has been laid.
As the work has advanced the
trench has been filed In with suitable
material. forming a barrier against
dragging anchors or even the dead
weight Of a sunken craft. The cut
ting of this trench was anything but
easy.
The dredging called for a line
straight across the path OF the tidal
currents. and this invited the partial
nIling up OF the excavation even be-
fore the pipe could he laid. Normally.
me sweep OF the ebb and flow IL ut
the rate OF three miles an hour. but AZ
times owing to heavy rains, the out
ware pound mood travels a not faster.
hut nature was not n only hin-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-08
Wrecking of Weehaw.
ken Gram Elevator
One Of Many Acct
dents Costing Millions

4 GOOD many industries are be-
~ ginning to realize that dust is
as dangerous as gunpowder. A
great grain elevator at Weehawken,
the largest of its kind EAST of Buffalo,
recently was wrecked by an explosion
due 10 grain dust, and a number Of
people were badly injured.
Dust is not merely Crime, to no
treated indifferently; it is a potential
explosive, More than one disaster that
has cost dearly in life and properly
has been traced directly to accumula-
lions Of finely ~pulverlzed matter Of
n Kind OF another. Coal dust has
been the promoting cause for a number
Of appalling catastrophes; and, sim
Harry, other sorts Of dust have been
responsible for accidents VI greater or
lesser extent.
Since March Of 1905, and mp to ten
days ago, grain dust explosions in 'he
United States have CauSed properly
losses totalling s2.l22,72S In these
explosions ll9 persons have been hur;
rs others were killed. Possibly
the most staggering OF these catastro-
Plies was that u to an explosion
which occurred in a feed grinding plant
at i3ufta,o. y. V, on June ~, 1913
when ~thirty-thrre men lost their liv"s
n more thsn threcScOre We're m
jured. Following this explosion. tla
milling men of the country began an
investigation and the Federal Gov
ernment has cooperated valuably
through the Bureau of Mines, As A
result, the Whole subject OF the cx-
possibility of dust is being investigated
scientifically. and the Industrial com
munity generally has every reason ~
interest in the work. Indeed. undr,
some circumstances, the householder
may have cause for concern,
Gunpowdcr ignitcs AT n temperature
of $40 degrees ccntigradc; the dust ri
hituminois n II intiames at u tcmpera.
turc of $50 degrees Centigrade, while
maize starch ignitcs AT $50 degrees and
wheat starch at 995 degrees cent?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-08

Installed and in ope'a...n
the plan, AT ia" rmo o'
renee, The uucst,u. .r>
efficiently THESE .y,'.uI~ SO.
INK at the time If tH' esp.
fact that il is possible p.
trouS explosions IN I''r'-
considered mudrru. as ','
for dust collecting IS .H.,'..
give sufficient reason for
CATION to determine 'U. o.,
tween the efficiency &C -, -..
the propagation II 'ho o>I..
Some TYPES of dust ,... ~"
constructed IN such q wN''. $3.50
requires q series of AR ura''
complete the system T.. .. -
of air produced 10y the fa'
c.cnt air current IN circu.t'. .'''
4 possibly dangerous aW.t-'
IN suspension within 'ur,r. .'.'
whether It ho o pipe, hu\ 'r .'..
linz, This dust cloId NN.
VIII readily rropagat" ~
explosion,
Both IN this country a"l
explnslhility of coal dust has '. '.'
subject Of study for s'''r. '''''
This finely powdered carbon Ice '."
responsible" for a uumho" n'
disastrous co,'.rry dcy..''
Bureau Of Mines has r'.''. '
Guided a long series ~ test. 49,. '''
rious cNpcd cuts for tho
the elimination Of tlls .'.
miner, and the results Of '.
aLnrS ar. tf an 4N'rtFIt -. 100
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-08-08
EXIBLE TUNNEL TAKES WATER TO STATEN ISLAM
Idea for Joints of Submarine Pipe Sus
gested by Workman and Perfected
After Much Experimentation

a harbor bottom may not sound ,s
spectacular as driving u 'urroi
through solid rock. but IN this ca.
conditions have materially altered ,sa
difficulties Of the undertaking.. md ~.
accomplishment is something dosery.
ing Of high commentator.
The bee., 1915-07-23

Have you seen the handsome blus
aud gold 80 piece dinner set the
Darlington Bee is giving with each
yearly subscription and $500 extra
Neal Spillmsu was IN Madison
vile Wednesday night.
Roy Davis was in MadisOnvill(
Thursday afternoon.
Miss Hattie Cordier, Of Madison
willie spent Thursday in the city.
Mr.. w. X. Nisbet and son Ken
meth and Mrs. Walter Dawes and
sou Lawrence, were in owensborc
Thursday,
Mrs. Almon Lisenby. of Dawson,
is the guest of MrF. Joe Brinkley
this week.
The Bee and the Dishes: that's
the time.
Mr.. and Mrs. b. E. Nixon and
Mrs. VIM. Whitford were in Rich.
land last night.
Chas, Barnett and wife and Mrs
Crenshaw5motored to OwensborC
Thursday.
Paul King was in MadIsonv.lle
Wednesday night.
We have q few more of the Art.
craft Mexican War rugs that go with
the Bee for sl.OO extra. Better gel
one now.
Mr.. and Mrs. Dave Smith and lit
tie son. George, left Wednesday
night for a short visit to friends in
HerrIn, Ill. On their return they
Will bring bach their daughter, Mics
Annie Hodge, who has been in Hi.
nols for the past few weeks.
Miss Nellie Kepplinger, of Nor
tonville, was in town Yestesday on
business. .
Mrs. Rem Wilson and little son,
Ben j., are visiting in Crofton and
Warrington this week.
Mrs. Will CarrIgan and little
daughter, LeithR Aileen, of Column
bia, Tenn. who have been visiting
visiting relatives here Friday morn
log accompanied with Miss Edith
Browning, Of Mortons Gap.
Elman TimmOns, OF Evansville,
is in the city visiting friends.
The bee., 1915-07-23

law to smaller incomes is one
suggested recourse. although
that would mean turning many
votes against the party taking
such action. One thing that
surely will be done il the Demo-
cratic members Of Congress have
their way is to restore the import
duty on sugar, or at least to con.
tinue the present rate by post
poning for three or FIVE years the
date when free sugar is to take
effect. There are two reasons
for this attitude. One is the gen.
eral reallz ltion that free sugar
has been higher since the change
of duty than it was before. The
other is the fact that in spite nf
the reduction IN the tariff rate
sugar still brings into the Treas
ury about $4,000, 900 a year or
far more than any other article
on the whole dutiable list. To
add this $50, 100000 to. the exist
ing deficit would dig a fn9ncial
hole that the most ingenious
statesman would fud it hard to
fill. What position the Presi-
dent will take in regard to these
matters is still unknown. He
said shor time ago that he had
given no consideration To the
question Of revenues. But it is
safe to saw that o her memb rs
OF the Administration are doug
a lot of hard and earnest think.
ing on this subj ct.
The bee., 1915-07-23
TraYeling HAND Experlence

ain the summer Of 1888 1 had a
very severe attack of cholera NOR
bus. Two physicians worked over me
from four a, m, to 8 p. m. without
giving me any relief and then told
me they did not expect me to live;
chat 1 had best telegraph for my
family. Instead Of doing so, L gave
the hotel porter fifty cents and told
him to buy me bottle Of Chamber
lain's. Collie, Cholera and Diarrhoea
Remedy, and take no substitute.
took q double dose according TO the
directions and went to sleep after
the second dose. At five o'clock the
next morning was called by my
order and took tram for my next
stopping point, q we'll man but feel
ing rather shaky from the severity
OF the attack" writes H. W. Ireland,
Louisville, Ky. Obtalnabla every
where.
The bee., 1915-07-23
News of the .1Own
Good morningl Have
you seen The Courier?
Evansville's best paper"

Miss Anna Coy who has been Wis
itlng Miss Mary Martin for the past
few weeks, has returned home.
Miss Catherine Victory was In
MadIsonville Tuesday afternoon.
Neal Spillman wentto Nashville
Wednesday afternoon cd business.
Ball game Saturday afternoon July
Gath, Dawson VS. Darlington. Bat
terry for Darlington Hodge and Pa
cay.
This 10 . good proposition. The
Darlington Bee, the Woman's World
aud q SO piece set OF dishes all for
s9 90.
Paul King was in Madisonville
Tuesday afternoon.
Neal SpillmRn and Paul King we're
ia Dawson Tueskay night.
Miss Nettie Belle Martin was in
MadIsonville Tuesday afternoon
Henry Martin and Geo. Robinson
were ia Madisonvi.le Wednesday.
Every family in Hopkins county
can have new set of dishes by tax
ing the Semi-Weekly Bee and pay.
lug $500 extra.
Miss Francis McElfatrick was in
M idIsonvllle Wednesday.
Henry Martin was in Madisonville
Wednesday night.
Mrs. Henry Rogers and daughter
Susan Marie left Monday morning
TO visit relatives in Greensboro.
Mr.. and Mrs. b. E. Nixon we're in
MSdisonvllle Tuesday night.
The bee., 1915-07-23
WHERE is The
MONEY COMING FROM?

1t is evident from the present
situation of the Treasury that
prompt attention to the subject
of providing additional revenue
will be required when the nation
al legislature meets next Decem-
ber-if it is not called In extraor-
binary session before that time.
This is likelv to be one of the
hardest nuts that the Sixty fourth
Congress will be called upon to
crack. Although it is admitted
that the war stamp taxes are ex-
tremely unpopular, it appears
certain that they will have to be
continued for another year. but
that will merely leave matters
where they stand at present. The
taxes on liquors and tobacco
have been boosted so high that
any further increase would mean
a diminished revenue return.
Naturally the Democrats object
to a general revision of tariff du.
ties 70 provide higher rates,
since that might appear to corr
fess the Underwood law fail
ure. To apply the income tax
The bee., 1915-07-23
TO MEN THAT WORK

In order to develop a fine tract OF
farming land in the South, we will
make an exceptional proposition to
the first QO) men who are interested
and want to go South.
This is no fake scheme and de-
serves your investigation.
No money required and it will cost
you nothing to talk this over with
us, 80 grant us an interview. Adv.
Butler & Parrish at Barnetts Stable
The bee., 1915-07-23
A Good Household salvss

Ordinary ailments and injuries
are not of themselves serious, but
Infection or low vitality may make
them dangerous. Don't neglect a
cut, sore, bruise or hurt because it's
small. Blood Poison has resulted
from a pin-prick or scratch. For all
Salve Is excellent. 1t protects and
heals the hurt; is Rntiseptic, kills
infection and prevents dangerous
complications. Good for all Skin
Blemishes, PImples. Salt Rheum.
Eczema. Get an original 2 ounce 25c
box from your Druggist.