The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-12-30
WORLD court Is
HOPE OF NATIONS,
SAYS DR.. WOOLSBY
Both Germany and Britain
Broke Laws, View Of Inter.
national Authority.
ARBITRATION ONLY AN
E WITH EUROPE

WASHINGTON. Dec. 3s.-The Eurepssn
War snA IL rsvases and methods for
escaDtnG similar cAtastrophes In the
western Hemisphere were uppermost in
the discussion Of delegates TO the Pan
American scientific Congress to-day.
England and Germany alike were de-
nounosd for violating international law.
Proposals. were forthcomins from
Eatin.American delegates for the adop-
Non Of compulsory arbitration - an
International policy and suggestions were
made that neutral nations adjudge tho
ofences and AZ the penalties for viola
ton Of individual or national rights by
warning nations.
In each Of the nine sections OF the
congress and at the meetings OF inde-
pendent societies the problems Of peace
full development were not overlooked.
but wal and Its effects o~vershadowed
the deliberations.
Plead Military Necessity.
Or. Theodore 8. woolsey. former pro-
fossor OF international law at Yale Uni
vcrsity. asserted that students Of inter-
national law would agree hat Germany
and Great Britain, under the plea of
military necessity. have violated virtually
every law which stood In their way. lie
said that two years agO he could. with
out fea OF contradiction have asserted
that International law had advanced
nightly since the Napoleonic era In two
particulars, the humanizatiOn Of war and
the rights Of neutrals.
Trial and punishment for war crimes,
he suggested. should be placed In neu-
trail hands II possible. To this end he
proposed the formation of an interna-
tiOnal court to decide what punishment
khould be melted out for crimes com
mitted by belligerents.
Neutral rights continued DR.. Wool
sey. ARE no longer regarded. Ths
world is full OF plotting and espionage
Of explosion and arson, of duplicity and
~tre&chery. Of suffering and death ano
civilization, which means the reign OF
law. links below the bloody horizon. A
law unenforced does not survive. bu1
when penalty follows violation of the
law. no matter how often the law Is
broken. 1t IL triumphan So it Is with
the law Of nations"
Asks Pan-American Court.
DR.. Euzebio Bracarnonte of Salvador
advocated compulsory arbitration iA
tween all American nations in "a Ian.
American court of justice.
Difficulties and obstacles In the way
OF international arbitration which exist
In Europe are not found in America
said DR.. Alfredo Otero VI Colombia Il
II evident. he added. that European DIFF
ferences arising from the necessity o
expansion. from political Influence ane
balance Of power, cannot be the sub
5ect of arbitration. In the Old Worlt
the doctrine Of arbitration has been bur
IN ideal. according to his belief.
Among the propositions Of = Pan
A~msricanisn,' said DIR. Otero. ''shoui,
b included as Al unavoidable neces
sity the solemn proclamation tina
America will not suffer colonization
either on the continent or on her islands
and 1t is equally imperative that the
doctrine Of Intervention 80 manifest,
a~ntagonistic to the national sovereign,
OF weak states should be abolished"
DR.. Manuel Castro Ramirez of Sal
vador proposed the clear definition o.
the doctrine binding together American,
Of Anglo-SaXon and Americans OF Span
tsh origin or extraction.
Francisco Capella Pons Of Urugua,
proposed he establishment Of perna
nent international commissions betwee,
the Americas.
Benito Perez Verd!a Of Mexico ais
advocated the establishment Of 4 Pan
American court OF justice.