davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
CARMEN POORLY PAID.

Chicago Street Railway Employees Re.
csivs less Than Other Workers.
The union street car men Of Chicago
delivered two heavy blows to the en-
ployers in the wage arbitration hear
ings before the commission appointed
to hear both parties to the controversy.
BY evidence the carmen tried to show
they deserved increases in pay. first.
on the grounds that they are the low
est paid class of workers in the city
and, second, because the increased cost
Of living has made higher wages neces-
sary to comfortable existence.
Statistics were introduced from re-
ports of the United States bureau Of
labor statistics to show that in 1914
two-thirds Of the expenditures for food
by the average wOrkingman's family
averaged 27.8 per cent>morc than they
did in 1907. The figures further tend
ed to show that the 1914 prices were
SO per cent greater than the 1912 prices
aud "a per cent greater than the 1913
costs. The range of prices since the
war began is not given and is said not
yet to be available.
Maurice Lynch. assistant financial
secretary Of the carmen's union, said
that he had made canvass of the
various trade unions in an effort to
compile table showing the wages re-
ceived by the members Of each. The
table which was submitted in evidence
was in part as follows:
Street car men. top salary 33 cents
an hour.
Masons, Is cents an hour.
Plumbers. Is cents an hour.
Laborers and hodcarriers. 20 cents an
hour.
Sheet metal workers. 68N cents an
hour.
Stationary engineers. $4.OS day to
$131 a month.
Bookbinders, $21 week.
Beer wagon drivers. $1S a week and
commissions.
Safe movers, 60 to 70 cents an hour.
Milk wagon drivers, $18 week for
FIRST six months, with guaranteed
commission Of $40 a week. Salary
raised to $40 a week after six months.
Blacksmiths, 43 to IS cents an hour.
Machinists. 68% cents an hour.
Billposters, $3.50 day.
Printers. $25 to $36 week.
Egg inspectors, SO cents an hour.
Glaciers. 20 cents an hour.
Asphalt PAYERS. u cents an hour.
Horseshoers. - q; day
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
A Paper Doll Party.

If some little girl is thinking Of in
viting her girl friends in for an after
noon entertainment paper doll affair
will prove most original and amusing.
When you invite the girls tell them
each to bring a pair of scissors.
When all have arrived seat them at
sewing tables and allow them to choose
from colored fashion plates the dress
each likes best. Heads already must
be cut from advertisements so all the
children will have to do is to cut out
:he dresses. Tissue paper, lace paper
and all sorts of odds and ends Of gilt
and silver paper are placed ON the sew
ing tabl.3 and with jars Of library
paste happy hour will follow. Simple
prizes, such as pair of scissors or a
paper doll outfit which is put up by
Grape paper houses in attractive form.
will prove satisfactory.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
Boy Scout Equipment.

= I, Many Boy Scouts Of America seem
ingly do not understand the rule of
the organization which requires them
to present a certificate Of membership
when desiring to purchase official boy
scout equipment. Scoutmasters should
make it plain to their boys that deal
crs are authorized to sell the official
uniform only upon presentation Of a
celluloid membership certificate or Of
printed certificate from a local scout
authority. Compliance with this re-
quest will save both scouts and deal
ers a great deal of time and inc0nven-
ience.-Scouting.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
Queer Bird. Of Long AGO.

When what is now Nebraska was at
the bottom of the sea great monsters
lived In the waters. and over them sail
ed flying dragons. Some of these meas
ured eighteen feet across their wings.
They make one think Of the airship
that we read about today. and they
were warlike too. The birds that few
over that ancient sea were unlike any
that live now; indeed, they were hard
ly birds at all. but flying reptiles, like
enormous bats. and some of them had
jaws armed with teeth. There are
bluffs in central Nebraska near the
Platte river. where nature. in the time
Of the ancient sea, left specimens of
these strange creatures, and scientists
study them as they find their fossil re-
mains in the shale.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
Broom Polo.

The only equipment needed for this
game is a large. light rubber ball and a
broom for each player. A field is laid
out as large as is convenient, with goal
posts ut either end. The only rules Of
the game are that the number of play
ers OH the two sides shall be equal and
that the ball shall be swept along, not
batted with the brooms. The score is
kept as in a game Of pony pol0-that
is. each goal counts one point. A few
regulations may also be adopted as to
interference, of side playing and fouls.
But it is better to make the game sim
pie and be satisfied to have 1t provid
fun and lively exercise than to confuse
and cucumber 1t with technicalities.-
Youths Companion.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
tn. Little Common People.

The Little Common People.
The little common people-they come In
shining bands.
But we take them and we scatter them
around with careless hands.
TIL some live on the bureau and some
live on the shelf.
And now and then one lives alone in .
Il corner by himself;
And some stay In the workbox They've
most contented there).
And some the children use for play and
they live anywhere.
Oh. it isn't nice to think Of. and 1t isn't
good to tell
The way We treat the little folk who work
for US 20 we'll!
They help the buttons hold us in our
frocls and pinafores.
They keep our dollier dresses on and
mend our toys by scores:
They're hinges for our boxes and fsh-
hooks for our strings
They make potatoes animals and do a
hundred things
And we lose them and abuse them and
drop them into cracks;
We find them lying all around and leave
them on their backs;
We break them and we bend them-oh.
am ashamed to tell
How We treat the little common folk who
work for US 20 well!
ST. Nicholas.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
The Two Angels.

The following allegory is told among
the Turks:
Every man has two guardian angels.
one on his right shoulder and one on
his left. In doing good the angel on
the right shoulder notes it down and
sets seal upon it. for what is done
Is done forever. When evil is COM
mitted the angel on the left shoulder
writes it down. but he waits until mid
night before he seals it. II by that
time the man bows his head and says,
Gracious Allah. have sinned; for
give me!' the angel blots out the fault,
but If not he seals it at midnight. and
then the angel on the right shoulder
wecps.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
HOPE OF rolLERs.

In this labor movement I'VE
gather as the representatives
and by direction Of our organ
lied fellow workers. and 1t is
upon the labor movement that
the toilers and the lovers Of hu-
man freedom have set their
hearts and hopes. They realize
that the trade union movement
of America is the historically de-
veloped potential force which
bears the brunt and scars Of bat
tie and which makes sacrifices
for right and justice for all for
all time. There is not wrong
against which we fail to protest
or seek to remedy; there is not
a right to which any Of our fel-
lows are entitled which Is not
our duty, mission and work and
struggle to attain. So long as
there shall remain a wrong un-
righted or a right denied there
will be ample work for the labor
movement to do.-Samuel Com
pers.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
Two VIEWPOINTS,

why does pretty woman try to
make folks believe she is younger than
she really is?'
Because she is only as old as she
looks and holds out for the essential
xerity."
Il see now. But why does the re-
cent college graduate seek to create the
impression he is much older than he
really is?"
Because a man is as old as he feels
and the Il. G. G. feels that he has the
late Methusaleh lashed to the mast
Richmond Times Dispatch.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
ereasina the Springs.

Some car owners mix graphite with
gasoline when they want a lubricant
for the springs. The advantage Of gas
oline over grease for this purpose is
the fact that when the gasoline evapor.
ates you have just the graphite be-,
tween the leaves, and as It works out
It blows OF, whereas grease would
stick and accumulate dirt.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
THREE STEPS.

In the quest tor happiness one
could not do better than put into
practice the precepts Of a great Per-
sian. Taking the first step with the
good thought the second step with
the good word and the third step
with the good deed. | entered psr-
adise."
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
Water Heater Controller.

The device shown in the sketch is
for automatically controlling the tem-
perature of the water in water heat
er. says Popular Mechanics 1t con-
sfsts Of an iron casting, A, screwed
into the water tank at b: steel float,
G; an adjusting nut. D, and a gas
valve. e, with an arm, +, which is
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
No Good. ANYHOW,

Daughter-But why do you object to
the count? Millionaire-He's looking
for easy money. Daughter-No such
thing. Millionaire-Then he must be
crazy. That's even worse.-New York
Globe.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
What Candle Power Means.

When we say that light is Of a
certain candle power we are expressing
a measure Of brilliancy. Candle power
is definite term fixed by American
law as the amount of light given by a
candle burning 40 grains Of wax per
hour. Such candles come six to the
pound.
The Washburn leader., 1915-08-27
DETAILS OF WATER HEATER.

held against the nut d by the spring
G. When the arm Is in a horizontal
position the valve is closed. The cast
ing A is filled with mercury, H.
The operation Of the device is very
simple. When the water In the tank
cools the mercury contracts. the f1oat
G descends, and the gas valve is 9Aen-
ed, thus starting the fire in the bd Ener
of the tank. When the water reaches
the required temperature the mercury
expands and closes the gas valve. put
ting out the fire.
The control mechanism Is sh0vn
large in proportion to the tank, ESQ
that its construction may be clearly
understood.
Cheerful oivers.
Mrs. Cantwell-The junkman would
not buy those things we sorted out
yesterday,
Cantwell-Then let us be charitable,
my dear. and give them to the poor
Boston Journal
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24

\ simplilieu wringcr has been re
Gently designed principally for the pur
posc'of wringing towels, but also adapt
ed for other special purposes, though
hardly available for general wash
work, for the reason that it is entirely
devoid of anything like q crank ham
die and ~cogWhcels. Therefore its use
must be restricted to sturdy material,
such as towels, which are strong
enough to be pulled through the rollers.
The device is exceedingly simple in
its construction, consisting mainly of
two rollers mounted on 4 bracket. One
roller is substantially secured to the
bracket, while the lower one is mount
ed on a pivot and supplied with Il
handle, so that the lower roller may
be constantly adjusted with its rela-
tionship to the other roller. The towel
to be treated is drawn through the
rollers, While 4 pressure is eXerted on
the handle and the two rollers there
by pressed together.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
TIE "JlTNEY BUS"
Five CSnt Motorcar Ride Helps
Solve City Transit Problems.

Five CSnt Motorcar Ride Helps to
Solve City Transit Problems.
.litney buSSeS are the most recent of
transit experiments and have excited
much interest in the smaller American
cities recently. "jitmcy" is slang, Dor
roWcd from the Mexican for II five cent
piece, and the only simon pure though
highly vanished jitney bus is the one
that charges It five cent fare regardless
Of it's size, make, power or the number
of passengers it may he carrying.
Starting in the cities of southern Cal
ifornia about the beginning of the year.
the jitney bus idea has spread quickly
across the continent.
The .iitney bus, of course, is far from
popular with the street railway COM
panics where it has Won the approval
of the public. Tho first effort to stop
jitncys i'll the court has been made in
san Diego II has failed. The conten-
ton WAS raised in the superior court Of
that city that ,iitNcyS could not be le-
gally operated without Il franchise. In
denying the petition for an injunction
Judge ". y. SloaN held that in the alb
Sencc of any physical appropriation OF
the highway the .jitney is not subject
to the franchise laws. The right of
the legislature to enact Il law giving
municipalities authority to require fran
chiScs was not questioned, but Judge
Sloan said ii the city had Il right to
regulate ~.iitneys By ordinance there
was no ground for injunction in the
absence OF such ordinance.
Among the legal restrictions that may
be applied by a city are prescribed
routes of travel. the number OF passcn-
gers carried by each vehicle, the dis
tricts of travel and the promotion Of
the highest efficiency and safety in
public transportation. Tho license pow
er is also capable of adjustment within
reasonable bounds.
Judge Sloan held that there was an
absence Of authority in law to Indicate
that the use Of Il public highway in
the business OF Il common carrier Of
either freight or passengers by stage
or omnibus lines had ever been treat
ed as an unusual or unauthorized use
requiring Il franchise grant.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
WATERING CITY TREES.
Practicable Method Described by In
vestisator Who Has Studied Subject.

Practicable Method Described by In
v~estisator Who Has Studied Subject.
In Il recent issue of the Scientific
American" says u correspondent of
that paper, appeared a description of
a novel contrivance which is being
used i'll Strassburg, Germany, for ap-
plying water 10 city trees in dry sea
sons. The method therein described
Of bending Il perforated iron pipe
around the Tree to be watered and
then attempting to saturatc the hard
ground sufficiently for the needs of 4
large tree by means of pouring water
into q funnel and thence into the bent
and buried pipe, pierced with small
holes-appcars to be a most impracti-
cal and expensive method.
Your correspondent has often had
occasion to apply water to planted
trees in an arid climate. and he has
been uniformly successful with the
simple ~eXpcGient of boring one or more
holes With Il post auger, avoiding all
large roots. az 4 suitable distance from
the tree-say eighteen inches, more Or
less, according to its age-and to q
depth Of two to three feet.
'"These holes, If more than one is
deemed necessary. should encircle the
tree cquidist0ntly and be tamped full of
horse mixed with light stable
litter, which Will be found to take up
water by the bucketful as fast rs it
can be poured thereon, fertilizing and
softening tie ground all around the
roots and retaining the moisture for Il
long time.
"a dab of hay can easily be added
on top Of any hole where settling takes
place. By this means the roots will
also receive an increase Of moisture
during rainy seAsonS.'
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
Kitchen Kinks,

If bacon is soaked in water for a
few minutes before frying it Will pre-
vent the fat from running.
When whipping cream beat slowly
for the first W minutes and then
very rapidly.
When washing &aucenans be surc to
lay them in front Of the fire for five
or ten minutes 50 that they may dry
thoroughly inside and thus prevent de
~teriorating through getting rusty.
After US" all pudding cloths anl
jelly bags should lp washed in very
hot water and when tlcy have been
well rjnsed hung up 10 dry where they
are exposed It II good draft.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
New ENGLAND Corn Chowder,

Pare ana Gee four good sized pota-
toes, peel and slice two medium white
skin onions and open one can corn
pulp. Place in alternate layers in Il
saucepan, beginning with potato. Sprin
kle delicately with salt, pepper and II
pinch of minced celery leaf. Add one.
half pint boiling water, cover closely
simmer ten minutes. Blend one table
spoonful Of butter and two OF -four,
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
Potato Border.

Six potatoes. three eggs, one table
spoonful of butter. Il of salt, half 4
cupful of boiling milk. Pare. boil and
mash the potatoes. When fine and
light add the butter, salt and pepper
and two Well beaten eggs. Butter the
border mold and pack the potato in it.
Let this stand ON the Kitchen table ten
minutes; then turn out on 4 dish and
brush over With one we'll beaten EGG.
Brown in the oven.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
Bill For County WeIfare Boards

Largely as a result of the success of
the boards of public welfare in Kansas
City and st. Joseph Il bill has been
proposed by social workers in Missouri
to create in every county in the state
ministration of all county social serv-
ice activities. These boards would re-
place what are Mt present known as
boards Of county visitors. which arc,
purely advisory.-Survey
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
The %PAN-AMER|CAN
FINANCIAL CONGRESS
T0|mprOve Monetary and Trade
Relations With Latin America.

Secretary Mc.Adoo and officials OF
the treasury department. as we'll as
John Barrett, director of the Pan
American union, and Henry White,
president of the Pan-Amcrican society,
are busy making preparations for the
coming pan-American financial con
ington on May n and continue for Il
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY.


THE EXECUTIVE:
President; iTrhim"oo or p Ma Mlsoi
Vice President. .Ihomas H. Alafshaii
CABINET OFFICERS.
Secretary of :Mllllaln =; f,tSan
Attorney General. ........Ja as. Z, AiacKeynolds
Secretary of War. ..Lindley NJ Garrison
Postmaster General. Albert bnrieion
Secretary of the Navy. $50. :. Josephus Dahit's
Secretary of the Interior. $50. Franklin X Lane
Secretary of Agriculture. :. :. David A.. Houston
Secretaryo of Commerce. -. William c. Redtield
Secretary q | ETE8 STATES s N:s,!ari ''''"
A. j. Gronna l4akota
CONGRESSMAN.
George NJ, Young ....,.......".....Nailc City
Z. -. Norton
FEDERAL OFFICERS.
United States District Judge.....C. F. Amldon
United States Marshal. - nn !, ~ 4
Clerk of United States Court, y <; MonyEGnnepE
Surveyor General ........."....E A. Wllnrains
National B bs Gnl tXnm'ner'.' .jnd ILaMourse Jr
STATE SUPREME COURT,
Chief Justice. "a ChristIans4n
Associate Justiccs-C. J. Fisk, +. I. Burke t.
B. Goss, IA ruce........
Clerk OF suprcme Court...."-..R,BI noSk KIN
Reporter. -: +'
STATE OFFICERS.
aoratar r IF State ........ Thomas Hall
State Auditor. .....,.,.'' arr Vi
State Treasurer ......... ....',' e. - NV
Attorney General. 'liriliS y : 1t'i".
Sup't Public Instruction .....'...'r u; >, raAim
Commissions of Insurance. W. ME-,
Commissioners of Agriculture Robefi l.; f4ih'
Commissioners of Railroads.&c.. /. N. Anderson
VIII. Mani, w. H. Stutslnan.
DISTRICT COURT
Judge Seventh District. f.. ....W } hnee>haw
Court Stcnographer.....,.Lau Laura d. Da''ocn"@'E
STATE SENATOR'S.
Eighteenth District % ....,...Hehry Mclean
REPRESENTATIVES,
Eightecuth District -. ..,,...... Ole. I A&NiE
John BalSdon and Jas. Morgan
COUNTY OFFICERS,
Coormnttyy r"nsurer..... $500. Roher, Work
S SberifT .......... Ncliand
6 S%;,efi1 Of the District Court, &C.. 5. Robertson
States Attorney ....... .... '..' " HII.tT
County JudEo..........' '.'.'.i " ttI"htS
Supcrintcndrnt of Schools FRED D. lTSh"f
Public dIninistrator..,.''' ,,Inu's ~. NV Gn,
Comfy Surveyor. -. e. i. 80. . 90 ~ COLI ~ ill'r'
County Coroner br'" 9''''''''Vi~
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS.
First Com'r District. .. .....".... Nell N,lc"'H"it
SECOND Com'r istrict........... sam lNrrs''LI
Third Com'r District. ......... ;. u. EfickH"A
Fourth Cum'r District. ,i{o3eft l-2ihS
Fifth Conn District. ....''AIe% i''t77'i'
CITY OFFICERS.
M Aldspmen 1T ward ..Jno. Power John Boyd
Aldermen 2pd Ward. r. T. Burke. W IN Stranger
Aidermen 3rd Ward I. Is, llankey,. ). Balsahrd
City r ~ II Wiimr
City Treasurer 80. ...........' 1"'1h - 'tit4J
Chief of Police ti'a1'II 80
Assessor So. 80. ....,.' 's-' -: ''
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24

Warren has Il population of 1900. and
the salary paid to the mayor is not
munificent, only SD per annum.
Mrs. Garfield has long been an ndvo-
cate of women's rights. and she de-
clares that the long ambition of her
life has been realized by witnessing
in her particular instance the triumph
Of the suffrage cause She was born
in New York state in 1910 and claims
to be a direct descendant Of John Quin'
cy Adams.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24

cor. nalr Il reaspoon1ul OF cinnamon
and two We'll beaten eggs. Stir until
very smooth, then add half i cupful
each of raisins and c%urrants. Pour
into 4 creased mold and steam three
hours. Serve With whipped cream
SWectoncd With maple sugar, or with
q lemon sHucc.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
A WOMAN MAYOR.

First of Her Sex to Hold Such an
Office In Illinois.
On May l the first Oma mayor in
Illinois assumed the duties of her Of
fee. Her name is Mrs. \. X. Garfield.
She has reached the mature age of sew
enty-four and was elected mayor Of
Warren. H.. in the later part Of April.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24

AGO II rlnr or InDrE, sur until Ho,lln=.
then turn into choWdcr. Mix without
breaking potato cubes. When it be
gins to boil add six hard water crack
crs broken to bits. Cover kettle and
keep hot five minutes. At the last mo
mcnt stir i'll the yolk Of an egg beaten
in two tablcSpoonfuIs Of cream, turn
into hot turcen and serve.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
HOW ARE TIE STREETS OF
YOUR TOWN.?

The various associations that
have been formed to agitate the
building of good roads between
large centers and from coast to
coast are accomplishing Il work
that must benefit every automo-
bile owner and each manufac-
turer. The object of these asso-
cations is Il worthy one, and
they should be given all the as
%sistancc possible.
But in thus promoting the
building of good roads through
rural districts L not many of
us overlooking the local condi-
tons or. ut least, trusting that
!, these VIII take care OF them
} selves" With how many cities
, and towns ire we familiar in
} which the resident, apologizing
, for the condition of the main
} streets, Will say. but our roads
) are tinc-out in the country".'
} and will seem to believe that in
) thus bringing forth the fact that
, the rural highways are in excel
) lent condition he is Offering sui
: 1icicnt excuse for the almost i'm
) passable condition of the streets
. of his own town.
And yet such conditions exist
) to a deplorablc cXtcnt.-H. w.
Slauson in Lcslie'S.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24

$3.50. 4S ~ %AA- -
BARRETT AM HEpAN-AMEIICAN BUILD
ING.
fortnight. The sessions of the con
gress will be held in the beautiful
I'an-Amcrican building in Washington.
Eighteen of the Latin American ma
tons have formally accepted invita-
tons TO join the conference. The con
greSs is the first of its kind and is
expected to have a most important in
1luence upon our financial relations
and trade With the Latin American re-
publics. The principal purpose Of the
conference is not only to discuss and
consider carefully the financial rcla-
tons Of the United States With the
Latin American republics. but to de-
wise practical ways and means of per-
manently improving these and trade
relations along lines which will be for
the good of all countries concerned.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24
SOCIETY DIRECTORY.

CHAPTER OF ROSE CROlN-Langdon Chap
trr No. >, holds regular communications OF
the first and third Thursdays of each mont
at the Masonic Temple. "
ROBERT Work, Secretary.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24

LODGEOF Observation-Disclosures NOS,
holds regular communications ON the 9Ist aho
third Thursdays' OF each month At tI'e NiaS~,ie
ROBERT WORK Sec'y.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24

A f "a. M.-Lebanon Lodge holds, regular
communications at the Masonic Temple on the
second and fourth Fridays OF each month:
o WILLIAM FLACK, w. Nj.
WM STEPHENSON. Secretary.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1915-06-24

G.. c, F, No. 9OS-St. Alphonsus Court, meets
on the first and third Wednesdays of each
month in their hall.
FRANK j. STABLE Secy.