davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
ELLIOT COWDIN WINS
FAME IN AIR FIGHT.
Norman Prince Tells How New
Yorker Chased Ger
man AlOft.
SERVE IN FRENCH ARMY
ny NORMAN PRINCE.

NORTHWEST OF ARRAs, July 2.-Life
here is quite agreeable, although 1t Is
a mining town. We go out once n day,
when there are no LIQUIDS or the clouds
are not too low. to drop bombs on bat
teries that tho artillery cannot easily
reach. or on 'drackcns' German cap
tive balloons. sausage shaped) or on
aviation fields. or on headquarters when
we know whore they are, but not on
cities or towns.
Yesterday I vas out 10 watch FOR fresh
troops coming up to replace or reen-
force those I'm the trenches. saw n
column-half an inch long II looked
from 400 meters-made for them with
the win In my face so az to aim more
accurately. but when ! got 10 the spot
on the road near n crossroad and a
small wood where I had seen the boChes,
Germans. the dark streak on the grayish
yellow road had disappeared they had
probably scattered in the bitches along
side the road and In the wood. ! dropped
my bombs tsix ?0's they were) on tho
road md in the woods. | hope with some
results.
Elliot Cowdin OF New York had his
first fight with an Aviatik about a week
ago. 1t was one OF the two engine kind
with two mitrailleuses The boche fired
first while "A long way off before Elliot
got In position, and then ducked with
Elliot's mechanic firing tile whole band
of cartridges of the mltraillcusc fun
steam as the boche made off. Elliot
came home safely TO the fold. lie ls
lying very steadily. has taken we'll 10
flying over the enemy's lines n get
ting saluted.
Every other time out. just about. we
get shrapnel holes somewhere In our ma
chimes, but so far have a the good
fortune not to be brought down. Since
our arrival our captain and two OF the
under officers of our escadrille have been
trough down, but only one had to land
IN Bocherie-as we call the other side %
the German lines. One had his propeller
sliced, changed II. then few home. The
captain had his aileron cut. made n bad
landing and went TO Paris 10 get another
machine.
We think nothing here OF breaking
machines or gripping motors; II is part
OF the game. You can't cook an ONE
lette without breaking eggs.
I nav changed machines three times.
gave my first one TO D. (who was at
Avord with us) my second l had to pass
TO the captain of another escadrille. |
am now riding my third machine. brand
new and brought here from lie Bourget
for me. ! had to change motors once be-
cause a bolt OF the crank case broke and
part OF the bolt fell back into the crank
case. With my new motor. n live one.
| did the 1000 In 36 minutes and the
2.+00 in an o yesterday with n load
OF 400 kilos.
our ~escadrille Is the v. BIOS. Capt.
tain b. one OF the fou- escadrilles COM
posing the trolsieme groupe de bonn
hardement. Captain F commanding.
| nave been promoted corporal. Ell
lot and | have done eight bombardments
IN seven days and are lin right here.
The three roups /. ?. and 3 (ours)
bombarded a boche aviation field at dusk
this morning. We raised he'll with t..
two hangers burning when ! was there.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
MANSION NOW A HOSPITAL.
toe ha pton House shelters Men
Who Have Lost Limbs.

LONDON, July a-Roehampton House
has now been altered into n military
hospital for the exclusive use OF sol
more of their limbs In the war. II IL
known as one OF Queen Mary's Con-
valescent Auxiliary Hospitals" and It's
chief interest lies In the peculiar SER
vice II is TO render.
Only sailors and soldiers whose
wounds are healed are 10 he accepted
ut the hospital and there they will re-
main during the long period necessary
for the fitting Of an artificial limb.
II has been computed that up TO June
II last no fewer than ga limbless men
have been discharged from the service.
and that figure takes no account ~ the
men now in hospital or those manned in
the Dardanelles fighting.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
R0USSnLON PROUD OF JOFFRE
House where General Was Born
Still Stands.

LONDON. July 1.-Rivesaltes is a small
village In the Pyrenees O~rientales, the
French Catalan. The mountains are
high, the people are picturesque. II was
here that Gen. Jonre was born, Ask
MIN should the opportunity arise
Where. General. do you come from
and he will answer. as he has on one
occasion on record Il am a Catalan OF
Roussillon."
II IL In the Rouss!llon that the wine
OF that name Ia made. The village Of
Perp.gnan lies near by. On the edge
OF the district lies Rivesaltes. proud that
1t Is the birthplace of the great French
General.
The house still stands where he was
born, one of eleven children whose father
was a working cooper. But Joffre was
educated by an uncle at Perpignan. The
uncle loved mathematics and so he loved
the young Jofrre, who at so early an age
left his playmates to solve arithmetical
tansles. Even then he was taciturn, as
he 10 to-day. which perhaps accounts
for the brief response: II am a Catalan
OF Rousslllon."
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25

the families OF the men who went. They
have been doing 1t ever since. support
ing the wives and children. and they
are to keep Il up until the men return
or the fate OF war makes the depend.
ents permanent pensioners. The roll 70
date is that one of the men is missing
and one a prisoner.
Patrons OF downtown Mouqutn's will
remember Jean" who worked on the
Arm street side by the stairway with
a He was early in the fighting and
early began to win promotion. The non
com stages we're passed one by one. The
accompanying photograph shows him In
his uniform OF whas would be In this
country first sergeant. The next s,er
was the commission.
Barbe's friends here do not know
where the gallons were won. but they
have an idea that IL was somewhere
near Carency ard Notre Dame de To-
rette. 1t will be remembered that the
French roops there went against every.
thing that the highest development OF
martial ingenuity has devised. and Won
the positions. They think Jean was
In that fight.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
METAL HELMETS USED
NOW BY FRENCH TROOPS
Guards Soldier From Shell
Splinters and Even From
Rifle Bullets.
Special Correspondence 10 THE Sun.

cDectHI ' OrfSspON1tnCc 10 The sun.
PARIS, July 9.-The Balkan wars
showed that most OF the severe wounds
received were In the head. and the pres
ent war has confirmed that experience
so definitely that the French army Is
now helmeted. a metal helmet has
provel a safe protection against shell
splinters and shrapncl bullets. and even
rifle bullets, IL they have struck the
parapet Of the trench. Dragons Cwho
wear a shining helmet. covered with
Khaki for active service) hav lost fewer
men in the trenches than the hussars.
The men soon began to protect their
own heads, placing some metal plate in
their kepis, generally using the Hat top
or their tin mess cans. Various forms Of
protection were put on sale and affec-
tonate relatives sent them to the front.
A metal bow was served on, to some
regiments zone was shown In a recent
photograph in THE SUN. sent by its cor-
respondent with the Foreign LEGION
which under tests ut Bourges proved eff
lcacious. Seven hundred thousand were
made and issued while a better form
of metal helmet was sought.
\ first difficulty in devising a helmet
was to avoid copying or Ever suggesting
NV p''nlcu neIfnet winch mas COfno 10
represent a German soldier. The shape
adopted has sufficient resemblance to
those worn by some branches of the
French army in tho past TO escape this
o~pprohrium.
Struck from one piece OF metal. It is
thick enough to protec. tho head. and,
thanks to the peak, much OF the upper
part Of the face, and yet II weighs
less than twenty-four ounces. A leather
band inside allows it to NJ the head and
II is aired through a hole at the end of
the low crest over the top. The peak
and neck protection are SO made that
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
AUSTRIAN EMPEROR
TRUSTS RUSSIAN CHEF
Head Of Palace Cuisine Prefers
Kitchen to Concentration
Camp.

PARIS. July s.-Emperor Francis Jo-
seph's chief cook, a Russian by the
anne of Persky. continues to prepare
the aged rulers favorite dishes, despite
the fact that his country 10 at war
with the country OF his employer.
Rumor has 1t that at tho outbreak OF
tho war the celebrated culinary chef
and he IL a real celebrity In tho world
of gourmets-sent In his resignation.
stating that, although he was too old
TO serve in the active army. he believed
that his place was In his native land.
The Emperor. so declares gossip,
would hear nothing Of II, and threat
ened. should Persky persist In his atti-
tude, to send him to q concentration
camp. Persky preferred the kitchen OF
Schoenbrunn Palace.
Then the Emperor's suite began \
campaign against tho Russian artist
Of tho pot and pan. asserting that not
only was It unseemly that a subject OF
an enemy country should cup a post
OF such eminence In the imperial house
hold, but that It would be dangerous
to entrust him with the preparation Of
the food intended for the Emperor's
table.
"If can trust my army I my Cen
erals ! can confde my stomach to
Persky." the aged Emperor IL said TO
have declared when the courtiers be-
came too persistent. and Persky has
continued to serve the delicacies that
have andcared him to the imperial heart.
Despite tho confidence paid to him by
the Emperor. the position Of Persky Is
said to be very unpleasant, since he is
cut even by lids subordinates and Is
not permitted to communicate with any
body outside the palace.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
FRANCE MAY BURN HER DEAD.
Proposal to Cremate Unidentified
IL Much Opposed, However,.

rARIs. July 9.-The Chamber OF Depu.
ties has Just passed n bill authorizing
the military health authorities to burn
the bodies OF unidentified men killed in
action AIRY one who knows the grea:
respect for the dead that Is such a
marked characteristic of the French
people Will understand what opposition
Is being shown 70 the Chambers pro
. sal and " at INFLUENCE is being brought
on the Senate 70 reject Il, Even the
chamber. which favored the idea. dared
not propose general cremation for the
killed IN battle.
Experiments were made before thirty
army doctors before the bill was passed
IN which two bodies buried in April
Mere burned by wood fires, after being
srrlukicd with colloedal tar. In four
and one-half hours the bodies were re-
du'c! 20 cinders. In another trench
n horse just killed was inc;nerated.
The committee reported that the expert
mcnts showed hat incineration was
rcalilable In the open country withou:
any special machinery.
\ priest informeN the committee that
!U"iueration Is formally interd,cted in
the Catholic Church. evs In times Of
epidemics, but as the present circum-
stances are unprecedented, ~ 80 many
bodies had never before been found piled
together in the anne region. II is pos
sihle that the Introduction may be raised.
There is nothing. he added. 10 prevent n
priest reading the usual prayers over
the funeral pyre.
Against incineratlon II is argued that
the time necessary to bring together the
wood and burn the bodies would be
sufficient for bringing the necessary dis
irfcctants and hurying the bodies. But
tho question may not he decided by
reason, but by sentiment. Public feel
ing is shocked by the idea. and the
fact that the Germans burr their dead
is sufficient 10 make the French refuse
to adopt the same practice.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
AGED PRIEST AGAIN A HERO.
Won Legion Gross in Is7O-May
Re Advanced for New Service.

PARIS. July 9,-Afte- having won the
cross Of the Legion Of Honor on the
battlefield in 1870 Father Maiaurie lived
a peaceful life rs chaplain at a hospital
in Algiers. The war came and although
over 20 ne felt he was still vigorous and
full OF courage and so volunteered as
stretcher bearer, There were three
chapla!ns in the army 10 which ne was
attached and two were killed. Father
Maiaurle ESCAPED and has been named
in the order OF the day:
military Chaplain Malaurie (Jean), NJ
the group OF stretcher bearers OF the
T~hirty-nfth Division Of Infantry, com
Blatant in 1870. wounded at Sedan, has
not hcsitatei 10 face the ~fatigues OF war
despite his II years, and has given 70 all
during the hard lighting around Ypres
the finest example OF coolness and
courag" in hestowing care on the
wounded under an intense fre."
Father Malaurie has been proposed
FOR promotion IN the Legion or Honor
from knight TO officer.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
Jean Barbe Now Wears the
"GalOns" Of SOus-Liputen-
ant, Won by Bravery.

Word came to New York the other
day that Jean Barbe had been COM
missioned n sou~s-lieutenant OF the 2s3d
French Infantry. and the hearts OF the
employees Of Mouquin's. downtown and
uptown. were made proud. Jean Barbe
was ono OF them up to nearly a year
ago. With thirty-nve or forty fellow
employees he gathered up his little fam
lily when the war started and went back
to fight for the France he had left ten
years before.
When Ba and his compatriots de-
parted the restaurant employees orga7
lied a little association to look after
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
DIAMONDS TO COST MORE.
War Causes Practical Cessation of
Production.

LONDON. July s.-D!amonds are likely
20 be extremely expensive in the near
future, for there Is Likely to be a scarcity
of the commodity when peace comes.
Production has as good as ceased. The
mines in South Africa are closed down.
their engineering stars disbanded and
their native laborers repatriated. II will
take a long time TO restore the industry
to Its old activity.
When the war broke out the syrdi-
cate In Berlin which buys tho diamonds
from Southwest Africa found Itself with
a stock OF 1900. 900. These are being
cut for very low wages by craftsmen
In Belgium. and sold via Holland TO
the United States. The United States
Is practically the only country buying
diamonds now.
On the declaration OF war the syndl-
cate which takes over tho De Beers
and Jagersfonte!n products had a stock
Of 1000. 900. 1t a already disposed
Of half, and the Premier Mine. which
markets It's own diamonds. has got rid
Of a third.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
BERLIN MISTAKES HUNGARIAN.
Germans Insult Young Woman for
Conversing in Native Tongue.

BERLIN, June "a young Hungarian
woman. the daughter OF a Hungarian
professor and a student at the Polytech-
meal College of charlottenburg. was in
suited In public recently by two German
women, apparently Of the better classes,
for conversing with relatives in her
mother tongue.
The incident has induced the Berlin
press 10 express regret. not unmixed with
sarcasm, that the patriotism and lack
Of linguistic knowledge Of certain Ger
man women should la called forth
such a deplorable scene, One newspaper
says that as the neutral nations Of North
and South America arc accustomed to
employ the English n french Ian
guages respectively. II would be the
height Of absurdity to look upon any one
speaking either English or French az
an enemy Of tho country.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
DEFENCE IN AIR RAIDS
NEW GERMAN THEME
Karlsruhe Attack Showed In
adequacy Of Present Methods,
Says Expert.

sN
LONDON. July Some OF the German
newspapers publish an article on the
Karlsruhe air aid which Is obviously
an official reply to local criticisms o!
the military authorities. It sheds very
interesting light on the German methods
Of protection against air attacks. The
writer says:
1T was only Just before the arrival
OF the airmen, who few at highest speed,
that the military authorities In Karls-
ruhe were informed Of their approach
by a telephone message from outside
The airmen had made a detour In order
to hide their real objective. The de.
fence authorities Immediately got ready
set their hooters working the momen,
that the airmen were seen to he enemies,
and began firing before the FIRST bomt
was dropped.
Unfortunately there was for a Ions
time an interruption OF the telephone
service, 30 that the military authorities
failed In their attempt to inform the
civil authorities. with a view to the
sounding Of hooters on the Rathaus and
using the other means Of warning the
town"
New Methods OF Warning.
II Is then explained that improved
methods have been adopted for sending
information to tho antf-aircraft centres
and for giving warning. but II IL stated
that the sacrifice Of human life would
not have been greatly reduced II the
hooters all over tho town had worked
properly. II IL said that, although the
anti-aircraft guns made moro noise than
any hooters, the public totally failed ia
appreciate tho danger and that this waa
the cause OF 30 much loss Of life.
After their first attack the airmen few
away. When they returned. the town
hooters were In full blast. but crowds
filled the streets. so that tho bombs
''reaped a rich harvest" II is stated
that very few people would have been
killed IL the recognized means Of self
defence had been taken,
The writer then "repels the charge"
that the anti-aircraft guns and rifles
showed q lack Of energy.
Difficulties Of Defence.
1t Is pointed out that there Ia great
difficulty in firing at airmen over an open
'o"H, espeo'"i's i'o.i 'e'oi s'ounu, anu
hat there is no Ideal means Of de-
fence"
Machine guns have only a limited
range, and the anti-aircraft guns are
difficult to adjust. At the Same time the
guns are able to keep the airmen high
up and so to make It difficult for them
to aim accurately. The article con-
cludcs:
1T must % be forgotten that squad
ron attacks upon open cities constitute
n completely new kind OF warfare, and
so the possible and effective means OF de-
fence must first be tested and organ
lied. The German military authorities
are industriously laboring at the prob
lem. All means of defence against these
t%reacherous attacks will be completely
effective only II they arc backed UP by
the behavior Of the people"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
Courtesy Of ILLUSTRATION. Paris.
Type of helmet now being sup
piled to French army as pro-
lection against shrapnel.

they FORM no obstacle 20 firing In all
positions or 10 the wearing OF the v
sack.
1t is painted gray and carries In front
n badge which differs for each branch OF
the service, a grenade for the infantry.
a hunting horn for the chasseurs. an
anchor for the colonial infantry and two
crossed cannons for the artillery. The
badge Is painted over like the helmet.
The traditional KEPT, however. has not
been abolished, The new helmet Is for
the trenches and field service. but at
other times the kept will be worn.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
Travellers Help Western
Hotels.

CHEYENNE. Wyo.. July 2+.-On an
average of seventy-fve transcontinental
motoring parties pass through Cheyenne
daily. Seventy-lve per cent. OF the tour
lists are en- route to the Panama-Pacinc
exposition, only a few travelling the
other way. Fully one-half OF the tour
lists camp along the way, being equipped
with tents and camp equipage. All
garages and hotels through southern
Wyoming ere doing Q rushing business
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
Three Won Bluchers Killed.

PARIS. July 2.-Ths German news
papers mention In the lists Of casual
ties Just published the deaths Of Lieut.
Col. Heinrich Won Blucher, First Lieut..
Max Won Butcher and Lieut.-Col
Lebrecht Won Butcher, commanding a
regiment Of Baden Grenadiers on the
French front. All three were the direct
descendants OF Gen. Butcher. who one
hundred years ago commanded the Prus-
slams at Waterloo.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25

BERLIN. July DIR. Lewis Hart
Marks OF New Orleans, who had been
doing research work with Prof. Erich
In Frankfort. has been asked by the
Austrian sanitary board to accept n
membership In tho Austrian sanitary
commission which has been formed to
combat the tetanus infection among the
Austrian troops. DR., Marks accepted
and left Berlin last night for Vienna.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-07-25
MOUNTAIN FIGHTERS
ITALY'S BEST TROOPS
Alpini Perform Astounding Feats in Snow Covered
Passes of Carnic and Julian Alps, Guarding Lom-
hardy and Venice From Risk of Invasion.

that each shot picked on. ar enemy. The
Austrians bolted. but they were rallied
by their officers. Despite heavy losses
they still advanced. but tho Alpinl
rushed out and charged down the hill
viii the ~bayonet. The remnant Of the
half battalion was put to flight by a
company Of Alpini.
Weekly journal-miner., 1915-04-14

General Selmof tEe capor of Przemysl sixty-egt The job serious for the Russians send a boI
Weekly journal-miner., 1915-04-14
A CHRISTIAN UNION PIONEER

chapter interesting "reminiscences, Dr. Ly Abbott dwells his relations with Henry Ward Becche preceding and following lis becoming associated with him in the edtorshp Christian Union The publication did favor church organic This of union had been advocated by predecessor Beecher did believe this possible altogether desirable. His purposes forth his sau tatory in June, 1870, in part follows
 The Christian Union will devote time inveighng against But will spare pains persuade Christians of another Christian charity sympathy
 Above all, the hardest of all, it will be cndeayor breathe through the columns of the Christian Union such Christian love- courage equity and genness shall eXempfy the doctrine which nod and shall bring into sympathy with the mind and will of the Lord Jesus Christ which great labor ask the chay all who differ the sympathy of all who agree and the prayers of all devout whether they agree with differ
 
 In the light of present conditions such editorial announce would hostility But in that day when every gols paper the organ denomination and when of them spent their time emphasizing their sibboleth assaing the of other denominations the novel proposal quote DrAbbo greeted with chorus protest Criticism and derson of the criticisms charging among other things Mr. Beecher setting up Catholicism evidence his ncompetency asserted that he impulsve sentimental loose and ready surrender truth Mr. Beeer denied such purposes ascrbed him. renewing the promises of his autatoy and the time payfuy pedgng himself thence forth strive to be slower, dryer tighter and obstinate
 He established unprecedented circulation for periodical of religious character and he loyalty lived tip his program have the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ America
 delegated congress of thirty of the leading denominations fused with the spirit of the Beecher sauaory How much of this harvest from the seedowng of the brilliant and ovabe Bec