davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13
PROI.ONGING THE LIFE
OF FENCE POSTS
BY f.. G.. CHEYNEY.

The rott1ng Of timber is caused by
the work of fungi, very minute living
organisms, which get into the crew
ices Of the wood. Rot in wood is very
different from rust on iron. The fungi
feed on certain substances in the wood
and cause it to break down or rot.
Like all other living organisms these
fungi require heat. air, and moisture,
in addition to their food supply If
the soil contains the right amount OF
air and moisture for the best growth
of fungi, the decay of fence posts is
rapid but in very dry soil the decay
is slow. Hence the life Of post de-
pends somewhat on the kind Of soil
in which it is set, and the success of
any preServative treatment depends
| on the degree to which it excludes air
and moisture as we'll as it's effective
| ness in poisoning the wood.
The kind of wood, rate Of growth,
age of tree. and seasoning, influence
| the rapidity with which the rotting
| of wood proceeds. Natural preserva-
| tives may be present in the cells, as
| in the case Of catalpa and black To-
| Gust. Generally speaking, the dark
| cOlOred woods are the most durable.
| SapwOOd contains more ready-made
food in forms acceptable to fungi
than heartwood, so that old trees
| with much heartWOod and little sap
wood make the better posts. Tests
show that slow growing wood is much
more durable than fast growing wood
Of the same species Even black To-
Gust when rapidly grown is rather
short lived.
Thorough seasoning, or drying, is
the cheapest method Of lengthenine
the life Of wood and is a necessary
preliminary to any further treatment
A post rots more quickly at or neal
the ground line. 1t does not rot rap
idly near the top, where it is usually
dry, or a foot or more below tn
ground, where air is lacking, but a
the ground line where both air ant
moisture are present in sufficien
quantities, rot flourishes This ma.
2 be further illustrated by the fact tha
{ wood does not rot under water. Tn
piling supporting London bridge wa
! found to be sound after hundreds Q
Y years submersion in the Thames, an
!, in some of the Swiss lakes sound tim
y bers have been found after thousand
= of years.
9 Since air and heat are not yer
e easily controlled, it is obvious that ro
: that is, fungus growth-must
prevented by cutting off the supply G
e moisture or poisoning the food. A
r the modern methods Of preservin
d timber aim conciously at one or bot
Of these objects; all the old method
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13
Good cntiiation Essential.

The horse is very susceptible 10
cold: and the horses that are sta bi sd
when not being worked OF exercised
feel the changes of weather quite ;ts
readily as do those enjoying q more
free life All stables should be fairly
lofty, because horses need plenty of
fresh air, and this can only be prop
erly given during intense cold when
ventilation can be given above The
heads of the animals so far as eleVa-
tion is concerned, the position of the
ventilators mattering little So long a-'
they are at a good height and placed
with judgment. The stable should
feel cosy upon going in, but not
stuffy, otherwise the horses will feel
chilly upon coming out.
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13
PRACTICAL. SUGGESTIONS ABOCi
PLOWING.
(By O. Nj. OLSON).

The depth at which land should be
piowed depends much upon the sea-
son Of the year, the kind Of soil and
the physical condition of the subsOil
Fall ploWing, except for fall-sOWn
grain, should invariably be deeper
than spring plowing, as there is more
time for it to become sufficiently set
tied and compacted. Whenever land
is plowed quite deeply, and the eli
matte conditions do not thoroughly
settle the burrows, it should be thor
oughly worked before it is planted.
Heavy soils need to be plowed
deeper than the lighter types of soils.
Such soils usually have quite com
pact subsoils, and they are benefited
by being brought to the surface. 1t
is also a benefit to heavy soils to bury
| the vegetable matter at a good depth,
| as this will assist in keeping the sub
+! soil from becoming too compact.
! Lighter soils are very much the
opposite. Their subsoils are usually
not too compact, and 1t is better to
have the vegetable matter mixed with
the surface soil. Deep plowi OF
such soils has a tendency to make
them too loose, and care should be
taken to thoroughly compact them
before they are planted to crops.
| Flowing land continuously at the
same depth every time has tendency
to form a hard compact layer in the
subsoil at that depth. This is an un-
desirable condition, and can usually
be avoided by varying tn depth
slightly from year to year. New land
when first brought under the plow
should not be plowed too deeply.
While it may be desirable to ultimate
ly have a furrow six or seven inche!
in depth, it should be brought abou
gradually, by plowing half-inch OF
so deeper every year.
:, A method of draining fields which
has proven satisfactory and inexpen
sive, is ridging the land while plow
ing.
The plow is started in the middl
where two burrows are plowet
! against each year. BY morning tn
horses to the right when making tn
turns at G and d, the dead furrow
; will be located at A and 3 and E an
! F. By continuing this system a ser
les of years. the bitches are mad
deeper year by year. No ridge
formed on the sides of the ditch. B
commencing to plow in this way, an
by varying the back burrows one yea
I a little to the right Of and d, an
: another year a little to the left. tn
dead burrows will be made broa
! rather than deep, making the field
; gently undulate instead of being CT
up by deep bitches and narrow hig
. ridges.
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13
KING ALBERT WANTS
NO TITLE or HERO
II Belongs 70 the Men in the Trench
cS. Belgian Monarch Asserts.

Geneva. Switzerland, April ST
am not a hero; you will find them in
our trenches said Albert, the King
| of the Belgians, at his headquarters
| in the field in an interview today
with EdOuard Chapulsat of the Jour
nal de Geneve. During the conversa-
| ton the guns of the Belgians and the
| Germans were sounding constantly.
| Il AFFIRM he continued, that be-
| fore the war l and my country OBJ
served scrupulously all the require
ments Of neutrality that the powers
prescribed for US with the precision
Of the specifications in an engineer
ing contract.
Your neutrality said King All
! bert, referring to Switzerland, lis an
act of sovereignty. Ours was obliga-
tory by an agreement OF the powers.
Nevertheless, you see the result
At another point in the Conversa-
ton the King said
you have an agency for prisoners
and other institutions, but what a
martyrdom has not this poor Geneva
Cross endured"
The King. alluding to the hardships
which Belgium had undergone, said
cit is necessary to tell the truth
about these things, but it is better to
use moderate language because the
more moderate so much stronger one
is
| Further on the Belgian monarch re-
) marked:
eve had no i'll feeling against Ger
many We received her business peo-
pie We had cordial and courteous
relations. Even at the present mo-
ment / am at a loss to explain why
we have been made to suffer what we
have suffered. | can explain to my
self still less those acts of cruelty. I
never could have imagined that the
German was malevolent. On the con.
trary, | considered him as a quiet
and domestic character. ] know
| many Germans. | have German
blood in my veins. My mother was
the Countess Of Flanders-a Hohen-
zoilern. Why all these cruelties?"
The King, referring to allegations
that by certain conversations Belgium
had compromised her neutrality, said ::
'Once again | affirm that il is not
true"
His Majesty mentioned that he had
i received many letters from private
| persons in Switzerland, adding thai
he opened one yesterday from boy
Of 4 years of age, which had touched
him deeply.
. The King wore green dolman over
his uniform and was without any
mark of rank or decoration. He is
described as brown from the open air
| life extremely simple in bearing and
| quietly confident.
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13

and the result quickly show III the
increased profits from the husi-
ness
Take. for Instance, ths item OF
stanchionS and stalls. Many patent
stanc hions and stalls have been placed
upon the market and some IF these
posses points of merit. The principal
objection To them is their expensive
ness. Many Of them sell al from s.
| to $40 each.
While this patented equipment adds
| to the neatness and beauty Of the in
terror of the stable. it is by no means
| indispensable.
A simple chain tie costing 90 cents
is just as comfortable for the cows
| and will answer all practical pur-
poses. Such tie should appeal to
those who are just beginning in the
dairy business and do not wish TO in
cur the heavy expense of installing
high priced equipment
The old style rigid stanchion is still
used by many dairies. and their use
indicates little or no bad effects re-
sulting from their use. but undoubted-
~ swinging stanchionS are more COM
Portable, and are greatly to be pre-
| ferred.
The Kentucky Experiment station
uses d most excellent Stanchion, with
out the iron frame work. These car
be purchased for about 81. 35 each and
can be hung in a home-constructeo &C
wooden frame with entirely satisfac
: tory results and at low cost
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13
..u.NDY BUGS" AMONG
THE BEST FRIENDS OF
THE PLANT GROWER
(By w. T.. BrittOn) .

The beetles commonly known as
,aav beetles, 'lady-birds," ''lady-bugs"
or ujant-louse bettles are among the
very best friends of the farmer or
ulant grower, because they feel in
both larval and adult stages upon
nlant-lice, scale-insects, and the small
larvae and eggs of other and larger
yoxious insects. DR.. S. A. Forbes ex-
anined the stomach contents of 80
specimens. and found that one-fourth
of their food was composed of plant
ice. though they ate some vegetable
food such as pollen and spores Of
fungi, greater portion Of their food
consisted of insects.
Though many persons are more or
less familiar with lady-bugs, some are
not acquainted with their habits OF
life histories and do not, therefore
recognize them as friends. Thus
many Of these helpful little insects
are destroyed, when they should be
carefully protected.
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13

one OF the most conspicuous eX-
ainpleS in history Of controlling a pest
BY means Of lady-bettles occurred in
California some twenty-five years ;.gO.
An Australian insect known as the
fluted or cottony cushion scale ap-
peared III California on orange trees
and spread so rapidly over the State
that the extensive orange growing in
dustry was threatened. BY request,
Mr. Albert Koebele was appointed
the Melbourne exposition, and while
iii Australia paid special attention to
searching for the insect enemies Of
the fluted scale. A lady beetle was
found feeding upon the scale and
specimens were collected, and five
separate lots altogether about 500
specimens) were brought from Aus
tralia to California and placed upon
the scale-infested trees. The lady
beetle multiplied and their progeny
were soon transported to each orange
growing section. In few years tie
cottony cushion scale had been
brought under complete control by
the Australian ladybettle; it has
never since done much damage or
the Pacific coast, and the orange in.
dustry still flourishes.
In less striking manner and on 8
smaller scale our native lady-beetle:
are continually demonstrating theil
ability to clean up shrubs, trees an(
even orchards which were severely at
lacked by plant lice. There are abou
ESQ different kinds of lady-beetles il
this country.
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13
FARM NEWS

snould be simply and plainly built to
afford as little room as possible for
oust ana dirt to collect. Walls and
cellings should also be made smooth
on the inside. They will be much
easier 70 Whitewash, cobwebs will not
De so likely to collect or so difficult
10 remove. A stable should be disip-
leCted ana WhltewaShed each year.
Plenty OF light and fresh air should
De provided by putting in large win
uoWS on either side of the barn. If
the stable faces east and west. the
sun should shine in on every part
OF the stable during each day These
windows may be hinged at the bottom
and swung inward SO that plenty ot
1reSh air can get in without lettine
o draft on the COWS. A good plan is
TO remove few windows in winte,
and put canvas across the opening
Enough air goes through Witholl
causing any direct draft on the cat
| tie.
| Years ago Prof. l. p. Roberts ad
vocated having a large closed she,
ADJOINING the milking stable int,
which the COWS could be turned a
| night Ill winter. With the cows de
horned, the shed we'll bedded and
water trough put in, the COWS ha
practically all the freedom and com
Tort they would have outdoors j.
summer time. The plan, while prac
ticable, has not been very generall
adopted.
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13
BUILDING DAIRY BARNS AND
STABLES.
BY G.. I. BRAY.


The requirements of a good dairy
barn are: l. suitable and convenient
location; 2. adequate shelter and COM
portable quarters for stock; 3. special
storage room for feed; 4. sanitary
construction and good ventilation.
such as would be required in any
other factory Of human food; 5. con-
Nehient arrangements requiring the
nlihimum amount OF labor to do the
necessary work of feeding and clean
Ing.
II is advisable to have a separate
milk house and also that no other
animals, hogs especially, be stabbed
IN or near the dairy barn.
Locate the dairy barns, if possible.
oh nigh, well-drained ground. 30 as
20 admit of perfect drainage, both
on the surface and for such under
ground drains as may be necessary.
Locate where there can be a good
supply of lots for cows. calvea herd
oulis, ETC., convenient to the barn, and
that they will also be well drained.
>. In feeding. handling and caring for
hFe stock much time may be wasted
py unhandy awkward arrangements
Haymows and feed rooms should be
where the feed can be fed easily. II
IS not considered a good plan, how
ever. to have a hay loft above a dairy
stable unless a dust-proof floor is pu
IN.
More than half OF the work o
keeping a stable clean and sanitar,
may be accomplished before a singl'
animal is put in by building floors
that they can be readily washed, swep
or disinfected. Concrete is not onl,
more permanent. and therefore cheap
er for the floors of a stable, but
as much more cleanly. Everyone ca
not afford to have stall partitions am
stanchlon frames made of steel or iro
pipe, but if wood must be used. the
The farmer and mechanic., 1915-04-13
TO Do HER BEST THE COW MV~H
BE COMFORTABLE


The above fact must be borne in
mind in the construction of stalls.
stanchionS and managers IN dairy
barns. Usually. tou little thodght is
given 10 the construction 81 dairy
buildings and many mistakes are
made which are NOT discovered unti.
it i too late To correct them. by
careful planning and study. ih. COW =
health and Ccmfort may re promoted.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
MEXICO CITY IS
 IN STATE OF FAMINE
; CHARGE MADE OFFICERS lNCITE PEOPLE TO RIOT TO GET
 MEN IN ARMY.

Washington, Marcl 4-Ouical re- ports to the United States govern ment through its own and other dip.o matic representatives describe an in tolerable condition of affairs in Mex ico City where the pOpulace is seeing effects of famine and lack of com munication with tlie outside world
 One of the official reports charges that General Obregon, the Carranza commander, is melting the people to loot and to take the law into their own hands to obtain food in order tC force a large part of the male popula ton into the Carranza army, TMs view of the situation is credited by some government officials here be
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05

cure of the century, the new way, the sure, painless, simply way. It makes a fellow really feel foolish after he's used toe-eating salves, corn-biting ointments, toe-bundling bandages, blood-bringfng razors, knives, files, scissors. jabbers and what.nots, when he uses just drops of "GETSIT' and sees his corn vanish The difference is divine. Just try it. You won't vince when you put on your shoes in the morning "GETS-TT" is sure, "gets" any corn, callous, wort or bunion
 "GETSIT" is soR by druggists ev. anywhere, 25c a bottle. or sent direct by E. Lawrence & Co, Chicago.
 Sold in Hot Springs and recon mended as the worlds best corn cure by R. C. Morris Drug Company, Sor. rells Drug Company.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
ELKs ELECT OFFICERS.

At the meeting of Hot Springs Lodgs No. 3S0, B. P. o. Elks, held in lodge rooms at S:30 last night, the following officers were elected to serve during the coming year
 Exalted Ruler-E. l.. Hewlett.
 Esteemed Leading Knight-Chas. H. Davis.
 Esteemed Loyal Knight-Hy. A. Grimm.
 Esteemed Lecturing Knight-Dr. JOnn NJ. Proctor.
 cretary-Redmond Joyce.
 Treasurer-B Frank Bayley
 Tyler-Thos H. Doherty
 Trustee-Threa years, H. NJ. Steele. Representative to Grand Lodge-G. E. Hogaboom. Alternate, Robt. J. Huntington.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
WHEAT TIED UP.

Jersey City N H., March "A tie up at the West Shore railroad yards at Weehakwen of about 5000 cars, mostly loaded with wheat, is attribut- ed by railroad and marine interests here to the unwillingness of ship own. CTS to risk their craft because of war zone conditions that have prevailed during the past two weeks.
 Two grain elevators holding a total of about 100000 bushels are filled Only one shipment has been made during the past fortnight, a Norwe- gtan steamer having sailed with 180.. 900 bushels of wheat and other grain.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
CHAIN GANG SOME
 SCARED OF GUNS
A MERRY JOKE SENDS SQUAD SQUIRTING AWAY FROM
 AUDITORIUM THEATER.
Revolvers Were Loaded With Blank Cartridges, But Negroes Did Not Understand II That Way.

Ever since one of the prisoners Of the local changang was killed by a city officer the men forced to repair the citys streets and alleys, with ball and chain attachment, have been very gun shy" and while working near the stage entrance of the Auditorium theater were stampeded by Bernard Head, son of J. Frank Head, manager of the Auditorium
 Young Head is stage manager of the house and while in the property room found two .3S-calibre revolyers, both loaded with blank cartridges, which a recent melo-dramatic com pany had used in one of it's thriners. The young man took the two guns and walked to the stage door. The negroes on the chain gang saw him and noted the reyolvers. They be- came a little nervous.
 A friend of young Head, who was in on the joke, walked out to the negroes and told them not to mind the fellow in the doorway, saying he believed he could get Head to go away without doing any shooting if they just kept quiet
 Am dat man thinkin' of lettin fly at we-all2" asked one of the prison CTS
 'He wouldn't do it if he was in his right mind" replied young Heads friend, "but, you see, he is subject to fits. and there's one coming on him now, I am afraid However, you fel. lows just keep on working and I'll try and quiet him."
 Young Head started to pace back and forth. He'd stop, scowl at the negroes and growl to himself. The men kept working, but their eyes never left the stage door of the the ater A moment later the prisoners were startled by the yell Head turned loose.
 "WThoop-eel" he cried q aims right here and now to de-popu-late this crowd a heap, and with those thoughts surging through me I be- gins my worthy activities here and now"
 Bang" went the revolver "Nig- ger" yelled young Head, you jump" !" And jump the negro did. together with several other negro prisoners.
 Shot after shot of blank cartridges followed them, and all records for ball and chain marathons were broken. Some of the gang ran to a hotel across the way, while others kept running towards the Army and Navy hospital. Head quit shooting when both guns were empty of blank cart. ridges. The guard, who had been sta toned nearby, but who had not been let into the joke, imagined a genuine getaway was on and tried to stop the men. He finally succeeded when the negroes learned it was all joke.
 Half hour later the men were all back at work. Young Head appeared in the doorway again This time. however, he was not "heeled.
 'I just wanted to play a little joke on you fellows he told the negroes
 Well, boss, its this away. When you-all comes prancing out with them guns and preyailin' upon us like you did, you-all proved heap too con vincin' for we niggers, so we jest nachrally don't stop to do no yesti- gatin' whether you-all have gone nut ty, as your friend said. or not. We simply abesents ourselves O whole lot from your presnce'
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
GARDNER VICTORIOUS.

Philadelphia, March Edward Gardner of New York, the title-holder, today defeated E. L. Milburn, Mem phis, the southern champion, 400 to 2l9 in the sixth game of the Class A amateur billiard tournament for tue national championship. Gardner gath. cred 75 for his highest run and av- eraged II 15-35, while Milburn's best effort was 80 and his average was 1854.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05

We are sorry to hear that women's skirts are going to be fuller this year, because we are going to be deprived Of a good deal of pleasure we had when they wore tight skirts and looked like they were about to step through them.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
BELGIAN RELIEF SHIP
 FLOATD OFF BAR

Norfolk, Va, March 3.-The Belgian relief steamer St. Helena was float, d early tonight by the wrecking tug Rescue from the bar off the Curri- tuck N. c, coast guard station on which she went aground last night while bound from Charleston, s. G. for Rotterdam via Norfolk. She ap- parently is undamaged and is pro ceeding to Norfolk under her own steam
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
WARNING ORDER.

In the Garland Chanc5ry Court.
 F.. J. Polhamius, executor, plain tiff, against Ebert Norman and Han. nah Norman, defendants.
 The defendants, Ebert Norman and Hannah Norman, are warned to appear in this court within thirty days and answer the complaint of the plaintiff.
 Given under my hand and seal oI
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
NEGRO PUGlLlST HERE.

Kid Mitchell. the St Louis negro middleweight, who has whipped quite lot of good boys and held his own in a ten round bout with Christie Will hams, is in Hot Springs. He plans remaining here month, putting him. self into condition for some northern and eastern engagements.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05

The New York Evening Telegram believes that the Hon. Ted Roosevelt has learned enough to realize that there's a time for disappearing. May. Joe so, but the moment he thinks tho political skies are clearing he will "bob up serenely from below"
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05

After studying the list of captures reported by Berlin the Hartford Times has reached the conclusion that the only Russians remaining al large are the czar, czarina and the little czarne.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05

relief movement begun by an iuterna- tional committee. This committee. in a communication ol some length to the United States soyernmeuL rec.tes the difficulties of the situation and on the basis of it a strong protest has been sent to General Carrauza. II -= as get unanswered
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05

A Kansas editor wrote that a cer. tain man was a bona fide candidate for mayor, and the printer set it up "bonehead candidate7 but We should remember that sometimes a printer is an excellent judge of men.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
"CETS-IT" a Sure
 Shot for All COrns

Use Two Orops-and They Vanish.
 When corns make you almost die with your boots on, when you try to walk on the edge of your shoes to try to get away from your corns. you're way behind time if you have not used "GETS1T." It's the corn
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05
ALLEGED BANK
 ROBsER CAUGHT.

Paragould, Ark, March 3,-A man who says he is John Austin of Ken. lucky. was arrested here today charg- ed with being the masked bandit who alone attempted to hold up the bank at Knobel, 20 miles northwest of here at II o'clock this morning. He fled when the cashier dropped out of sight behind his counter. Officers say Aus tin has confessed.
The Sentinel=record., 1915-03-05

pr. A. l.. Sneed nas returned after two months absence and can be found at his office in the Arkansas National Bank Building as usual.
 18-27-tf