davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson County journal. (Sylva, N.C.) 19??-19??, 1915-05-28
lI:MENT IF GREAT Interest TO
WESTERN CAROLINA ::.H1PPERS
0F TIMBER.

:'he Wilmington Star in its issue
*ionday, May II, published a
tory in regard to the movem ent
,augurated by the Western Caro-
liza Lumber and Timber association
], regard to the export of lumber
rom this part of the state through
he port of Wilmington instead
i allowing these shipments to be
made by way of Norfolk, Savannah
Charleston and New York. Secre-
tary George L. Forester of the asso-
citation has been in correspondence
with the chamber of commerce of
Wilmington as we'll as the Atlantic
Coast Line and the Seaboard Air
Line railways. These railway COM
panies have assured the association
of their. CO. operation and Secretary
Forester stated this morning that
the only problem remaining to be
worked out is the securing of the
ships and of reasonable freight
rates.
Mr.. Forester says that the saving
to the lumbermen of this section in
freight money if shipments can be
routed through the North Carolina
port will amount to from one-hal1
cent to four cents per hundred
pounds. This will mean a saving
of thousands OF dollars to lumber
and timber men in this territory .
! In commenting editorially on thi
matter the Star says that it is {
little singular that the secretary O
the Western Carolina association
had to call Wilmingtons attention
to the increased exports and tb
prestige that would result to Viii
mington, d the entire state from
these shipments.
The story in The Star follows:
The freight rates for lumbe
from a large portion Of the produc
ing section of Western North Care
Jackson County journal. (Sylva, N.C.) 19??-19??, 1915-05-28
u N D E r w O 0 D
Charlotte, North Carolina

lima are advantageous for exporting
through Wilmington to foreign
borts, writes Mr. George L. Forester
of Asheville, secretary of the West
ern Carolina Lumber and Timber
association, to the Wilmington
chamber of commerce in a recent
letter. He says that the average
yearly exports of lumber from
members of this association to Eu-
rope before the war was 72O cars
and estimates that after the war it
will increase to fully 1900 cars.
This timber was shipped to Ham
burg, Glasgow, Liverpool, London
and other points in Europe.
Mr.. Forester has bee n in cores
pondence with the Wilmington
chamber of commerce for som e
time with reference to providing
for shipments of lumber through
this port to European countries.
He has been assured of the
cordial cooperation of both the At
lantic Coast Line and the Seaboard
Air Line railroads and the problem
now is to secure ships in which to
carry the lumber. He is now in
correspondence with W. R. Grace
and company, of New York, the
Strachen Shipping company and
the South Atlantic Steamship com
pany, and hopes to be able through
them to make some arrangements
for exporting timber via Whining
: ton.
Heretofore most of the shipment!
!, from Western North Carolina t
Europe have been made through
other ports. With freight rates in
her favor, however, it would appea
/ that Wilmington has the advantage
? provided the snips in which to ship
: the timber can be secured.
| while the timber shipments il
themselves do not constitute such
a big item when considered from
r the standpoint of bulk these added
to the other extensive exports from
! this port would serve to give it in
Jackson County journal. (Sylva, N.C.) 19??-19??, 1915-05-28
creased prestige.

creased prestige.
The Wilmington chamber of
commerce has been actively en-
gagged for several months in ap-
prising the most of the state of the
many advantages that this port Of
fers as an exporting center and the
efforts now being made to divert
shipments of timber through Viii
mingtOn comes as one of the direct
results of this activity Citizen.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1915-04-29

oes. seinem @olfe galt Seine Sen-
Dung. Sbm bielt ST iid perpflid-
tet. Ma6 Seruialem, SEM notiora-
len unb religioien Centrum SSsraels,
fiibrte Sbn ser Bug ieines @er5enS.
Mo6 6em fernen Som itano ni4t
@ein Chm. 0as broben6e @er6er-
ben Serrrlalems entlodte Seinem ie-
beriiden Mnge belize Sbrdnen. IS
fon1r fem 3peifel bariiber beiteben,
in Ser 9r1it 6es Meni6eniobneS
mobnte cine 5arte, lal1tere, innige
Gaterlan6sliebe.
Muuh sic &eiligen tparen nidt no-
terIon6slos. 9ie beiligen &0nige
nnb &egentem BON henen inns Die 2e-
genbe beridtet, maren a11f 6as @obl
hires @olfes rno 9an6es beba6t. sic
5a1oerten ni@t, 6as S6nert gu er-
greifen, tpen1 sic Si6erbeit rn6 Ser
8eiton6 Tires &eides 6as erbeii6te.
Spmobl 211omig bot Sranfrei6 tpie
Gtepban BON l1ngar11 tparen bon ed-
ter, fernbafter patriotii6er @eiin-
m1ng bur66r1tngen. Serner fann man
BEL allen Seiltgen obne beion6ere
Gdmierigfeit sic rationale @igenart
na6tpeii len. 0ie e6elite @erf0rpe<
ring baterlan6ii6er @%eiinmtng ieben
mir in Ser Sl1ngfra1t BON Srleans;
mir boben bier getriHermaben cine
@moniiirung Ser @ater1an6sliebe.
60 ml1b nobl sic @aterlan6sliebe ct
mos redt goles un6 @@ones fem,
tpenn mir iie 10 innig beri9miitert
iebem nit on6erer groben Sugenoen.
Sos idtpdr3eite @erbre9e11 nber,
bon 6em uns Sic @ef9i9te beri9-
tet, lit Ser @errotb ami @oterIan1.
Mit m1ro1sloidlidem @runomaI
bran6morft Sic @odNmeIt Sic feige
&bot 6es Observation-Disclosures -
@ie ole groben Eugen6en bat o16
Sic @aterlm6sliebe lire @ur5eln in
ser Mah1r. sic lit 6ie natiirlide
81iitbe zines e6len Ser3ens. Gin Does
gr6rei@ m1B boS &er3 fem, a1f Dem
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1915-04-29
Sic 8elbe @aKe.

Mu6 fir nns Mmeritaner lit Die
geIbe @efabr iebt gu elmer eminent
tpidtiget1 getporoen. 9ei6er i@eint
man in @oibington ou@ 6ieiem Rro'
blem %gegeniiber nit Der l1ngei@id=
lidfeit unb ser @eritdn6mbloiigteit
5u berfabre11, sic SOS Clement oes
3id8odffurs @i1iors lit. l1n1ere fraf'
tieite u1to 8uperlaiiigite Stiibe in llrr'
ierer @binopolitif, 0eutidlono, bo-
ben mir uns a%bgefdgt.
Sc lit nidt 51 leug1uer, bab be1tte
sic @efiibIe ser @euti@en g%egeniiber
Sapo11 un6 Mmerifa an6ere %getporoen
iinb, dIs lie es bel 8egtnm 6es &rieges
tuarer, Iei6er our9 Die S@ul6 nnie'
rer @egierrng onoere getporoen ft1ro.
Ser betonrte &rofeiior an 6em Sam'
burger &olomiaIinititut, Dr. Sra1tfe.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1915-04-29
9as britiibe %lngebeuer: Sd bin sic 8eberridann os @e4tneeres!
@tu1ne bon oben: limo ib Ser @eberri&er oes 2uft1eeres!

falt, motbematii@. Do@ in ie6em
normalen Ser5en entmidelt ii6 11r-
miidiig Die @aterlan6sliebe, mie Ole
8llme inn 5onnenitrabI.
@aturgemaBf gebt sic @aterlanos-
liebe berpor aus ser 2iebe gum 81.
t%ernboa1s un6 CUR Seimatb. GuS
@lternbaa1s itebt in einem beitimmten
9an1; es fanm midt losgel0it tper>
6en BON ieinen oonereten @e5iebl1n-
gen gum @herlanoe. Sod boS g.
ternba11s bletbt bem Menf9en INT
bergeBli@. Sort la6ten ibm Der
@inobeit ionnige Sage. Sort ftrobI.
tie INN CUR er1te1 mol entgegen Elm
SimneI bon 2iebe un6 Cite aus Dem
@uge ieiner Mh1tter. Sort bemgte
fi9 iiber ieiner @iege ein milbes,
forgenbes Mntlit in gd13lider Selbit-
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1915-04-29

lieben fann un6 6arf un6 jon, nad'
Sem er einem @eibe ii9 bermablt.
SIZE 2iebe CUR M11tter lit tetn Sreu'
bra9 on Ser @attin.
@aterlmn6sIoiigfeit lit @barafter-
Ioiigfeit; @osmopolitisml1s lit i'm
&erne nur perfleiiterte, armie1ige
@elbitliebe, 6ie ii6 gu nidtS Sobem
nn6 @roBem 5u erbeben nermag.
Dorf man 6as @oterlan6 lieben,
10 6arf 1na11 ii9 au@ freuen an iei'
1rer @r0Be urb an ieinen @rfo1gen;
man 6arf an19 beten fit BEN Sieg
feiner @offen. Den1 6ieie @affen
1diiben sic be6robten SCRIBE unb Sic
miibla1 ertporbener @ulturgiiter.
@ir mouen es ridt, bob 6as beilige
Gelter erl0ide ouf BEN &erben, an
6enen unfere @dter iid ertparmten
1n6 m1f 6enen uniere Meiiitter bie
fromme G1amme bdusli9en @ludes
11abrten. @ir pollen eS nidt, bob
ru11be &riegsbor6en 6ie @rdber unfe-
rer 2iebe1 enttpeiben. Do4 lteben
mir unier @aterIn1ro ur6 1tnier @olf,
10 Iieben mir bod ou@ ole a1t6erer,
BENIN mir ale geboren our groBe1r
Meni1beitsfomiIie. Sic edte @ater'
lon6sliebe itebt beiner ar6eren 2iebe
i'm @ege, mag fie au@ nod 10 itorf,
10 tief 70 qIuben6 fem. 6. g.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1915-04-29

bot fiir5li9 einen &ortrag gebalten
Mber sic @eoe11hung Ser &%aiienfroge
un6 @affengegenidbe. @ir ieben in
6ieiem @ortrage einen bemerfertstper-
then l1midtpung Ser @efiible 81
@uniten Sapons. @rofeiior ST..
Gramfe iagt:
uS9a11er mir uns Inn 11nter unie-
rem @egnern, Die anitan6igiten unter
ibnen iin6 Die %~gelben" Sapaner.
@aS mir BON @nglan6ern un6 Grar1-
5oien tpabreno 1ieies &rieges erleben,
iteQt iie biniidtli@ ser @riegfiibrung
mi@t biel bober als sic fulturfein1-
liden @egeritdmme bon Mfrifa, un1
mir ideint 6os Dor fl1r5em eimol
gefdQte lrtbeil iber sic bei6e1 ielbit.
gefali9iten Srager 6es @uropder-
tbumS ni@t ungeredt: 6aB ibre ,lauI.
tl1r" 1a1r cine nit b11nten S5Iitter1
ber6edte 8eitiolitdt iei. Mlio sic &C.
Misunderstanding Ser ~tpeiBen @afie"
Der Welt als ettpas 1tner6li1 ueber-
legenes 81 preiien, 6os ioIte 6ieier
&rieg fernerbin 11nn1oglid ger1o&t
baben. @flegen ur6 enttpideln mir
uniere be11tide &1ltl1r, adten mir Dos
Cute, mo- immer mir es fi1roe,1, u1ro
Dor anem idyaber mir ie6es @oIf nod
6em linn imetuobmnoen iittIiden u1r6
politiiden @ertbe, nidt aber 1pa9 iei.
ner Soutforbe ODER nod irgeno mel.
9en n%ebelbuften &aiie3uiammenb1n-
gen. Dieier @runbiab, fdeint mir,
ertlpri@t ol1@ am meiiten Dem @eiite
uni erer &eligion, fopie ibr @tifter iie
gelebrt bdt."
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1915-04-29

sic @oterlon6sliebe nidt geoeibt; or
mer @oben lit es o6er gang gemeiner
'gumpfbo6en. 9es albgmgs Ser So
terlanbsliebe ion iid niemano rib
men. @a feblt ettpaS. "a bar6elt
eS ii@ Inn cine 6eS
%feinere1r @emitbslebems. @ir Be-
6auern ia ou6 ben Mann, Ser @in6er
un6 8lnme1t uro Die Sterne nitt
liebt; ibm gebt pieIes ab. Ct lit fem
bormomii@ enttpidelter Memi6. so
m,6 ser @anm, Ser fem @aterlan6
mdt liebt; er lit gemiitbsarm. @ein
&er5i@lag flingt. boil. Sd m0@te
einem iolden mdt al(5a grobes Ser
truten idenfen. Sd m0dte einen
iolden 1i1t Sreun6 1e1tren. Ct mag
mir ferne un6 frem6 bIeiben. Seine
@eiinn11ngsart lit mir gu bere6ner6,
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1915-04-29
Sic fittlidben @rnnt1a9 gen
,1nt Bic re1i9iDie Ser:
tiefnm9 Der Slater:
lanbs1tebe.

9ie @otriarden bes Ilten @a111oes
tporen bon ser g~liibenoiten Softer
Ianosliebe beieelt. Ntit ieoer Safer
ibres .Ser5ens bingen iie on ser BET
matblid)en Sd)olle. @1,roen lie onr6
unpermeiolibe @erbaltniiie in Elm
fremoes 9ano berihlagen, 10 blieb
es ibr iebnliGlter @almlh oab ibr
Stal1b bereirit ruben mp6te i'm
@6ob Ser beimatblid)en grbe. Selblt
Ser rol1be giau erlag Sem itarfen
S11g nod Ser @eimatb. SIN Ser5en
bes 5arteren Safob bingegen brannte
tpabreno ieiner @erbanm1ng BEL So
ban sic @l1noe zines groben, geF
tpaltigen @eimtpeb3.
ssern an SEN @tr0men gabplons
tra1tmten sic Sss1tben BON Sem 2anoe
ibrer @ater: ibr heibeiter @11nih
tpor es, 5ltriidfebren SIT 6iirfen 5n
bem 9anb, bas linen @oh gegebe1t.
slus SEN @eiiiagungen Ser Hropbeten
mebt inns cine flammen6e &aterlmbs>
Iiebe ertgeget; lire gor5e @eoan-
fentpelt betpegt iih tpelentli6 I'M sic
8roBe 1tno grb6ba11g Ssreals, bes
2onoes Ser g6ter. Sie beflagen Sic
grnieorigu11g bes @aterlan6es, be-
tralterr 6eiien SaQ bon einitigem
@Ianse, betpeinen Sen @erluit ieirer
Madt rr1 @errlidfeit. Sic Mada'
bder iin1 tpirflide Mationalbel6en,
sic ibr 9eben nie6erlegten a1f ben
Mtar 6es @aterlnn6s 1tn6 tbr 8lut
beripritten al1f 6em Gel6e Ser @bre.
gelb5t in Dem @er5eat 6es @ottes.
lobres fan6 Sic @aterlan6sliebe cine
gdtIi9e Seimitatte. St blieb 5eit-
lebens elm tre1er 5obn Ssreals. Sci
ne Gbdtigfeit beidranfte ii4 uaf Sic
engeren @ren5en @etnes @eburtslam.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1915-04-29

sonte f@ ni&t entu1mtbist fabIen.
@ie1e 2e,ne, bie gepIagt find NIT
unber6auli9feit lt116 @eritopfung,
baben @uten ge3oeer1 aus Dem &C.
bra14 Der @bamberloin'8 SnbIette,
10 6ab @ien1an6 Ben Mutb nerIierer1
io1te, 10 longe er iie ni@t berfadt
bat. sic entbaIten feine11 @epfin
ODER on6ere Die @eromulidfeit bin-
oernbe @dbr1ingsitoffe, fon6ern itdr-
ten ben Magen unb ermogIide11 es
ibm. feline Gunftionen natiirIi@ 5i
perridten. gu faufen in $enrp's
@orter Drug Store. = An3.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04
RURAL SOCIAL CENTERs

We need social centers where our
young people can be entertained,
amused and instructed under the d.
rection of cultured, clean and COM
petent leadership, where aesthetic
surroundings stir the love for the
beautiful, where art charges the at
mosphere with inspiration and power,
and innocent amusements instruct
and brighten the's lives.
To hold our young people on the
farm we must make farm life more
attractive as we'll as the business of
farming more remunerative. The
school house should be the social unit,
properly equipped for nourishing and
building character, so that the lives Of
our people can properly function
around it and become supplied with
the necessary elements of human
thought and activity.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04
THE CHURCH As
AS0C|AL CENTER
A Broader Sphere for Religon-New
Field for the Rural Church.
BY Peter Radford

Lecturer National Farmers Union
The social duty of the rural church
is as much a part Of its obligations
as its spiritual side. In expressing its
social interest, the modern rural
church does not hesitate to claim that
it is expressing true religious in
stinct and the old-time idea that the
social instincts should be starved
while the spiritual nature was over
fed with solid theological food, is fast
giving way to a broader interpreta-
ton of the functions Of true religion.
We take our place in the succession
of those who have sought to make the
world fit habitation for the children
of man when we seek to study and
understand the social duty OF the
rural church. The true christian re-
ligion is essentially social-its tenets
of faith being love and brotherhood
and fellowship. While following after
righteousness, the church must chal-
lenge and seek to reform that social
order in which moral life is ex-
pressed. While cherishing ideals Of
service, the rural church which It
tains the fullest measure of success
is that which enriches as many lives
as it can touch, and in no way can
the church come in as close contact
with its members as through the
avenue of social functions.
The country town and the rural
community need social center. The
church need offer no apology for its
ambition to fill this need in the COM
munity, If an understanding Of its
mission brings this purpose into clear
consciousness. The structure Of a
rural community is exceedingly com
pick; it contains many social groups
each of which has its own center, but
there are many localities which have
but one church and although such
church cannot command the inter
est of all the people, 1t is relieved
from the embarrassment Of religiossly
divided communities.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04
Good Roads Boom Land.

Interesting statistics are quot
ed in Bulletin No. 1876, just issu-
ed by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, showing
the effect of road building upon
land values in various sections
Of the country. This is a sub
ject in which every pnotorist is
interested, CT should interest
ed, and the following items culled
from the bulletin are self explain
atory:
Manatee county, Florida, built
GA miles of macadam and shell
road. From 1911 to 1912 land on
the road increased in values 500
an acre, and land a mile away
from the road showed an increase
OF STU an acre.
Spottsylvania county, Virginia,
improved Al miles of road, and
land which formerly sold on an
average of $24.74 changed hands
within three years at an average
of $44.74 an acre.
: In Dinwiddie county, Virginia,
where 125 miles of road were
built, land between 5 and 10
miles from Petersburg advanced
on an average from Steps to $50
an acre in about 10 instances,
while land 10 miles from town
increased on an average, in l6
cases, 1882 an acre.
In Franklin county, New York,
where 124 miles of road were
built, eight pieces ofland selected
at random showed an increased
of 27.S per cent. after the i'm.
proved roads were built, while
in Lee county, Virginia, which
built "a miles of road, land SINH
larly advanced % per cent.
The construction of the bond.
built highways in several Of the
counties herein mentioned has
been of decided benefit to schoo
attendance. In Spotsylvanis
county one consolidated schoo
is planned. In Dinwiddie county
school attendance increased IT..
per cent. in one year on the i'm
proved roads, and several schoo
wagons carrying "a pupils eacl
have been put in service. Ii
Lee county school attendance a
long the improved road shows al
average Of II per cert, agains
62 per cent along other roads
In Wise county, Virginia, severa
successful school consolidation
have been effected since 1909
The Pole Bridge school in thi
county, on the road from Coburl
to Wise, replaces four one-roon
schools.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04

And while we are about it, why
not agitate the idea Of paved
streets? Of course there are
knockers and kickers who would
object to any improvement, but
they need not be considered.
The fellows who are always OPP
posing public improvements will,
if they ever get toheaven which
as DR.. Gardner would say, they
ra d-n certain not todo"- they
will begin to grumble at the eX-
nse of paving the New Jeruse-
Al with gold and setting the
walls in jasper. The real pro-
gressive citizen will see what a
source of'increase of values and
what a means Of attracting PEG.
pie to our town well paved streets
would be, and being progressive
he will favor it. Vitrifed bricl,
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04
Social Needs imperative.

The average country boy and girl
have very little opportunity for real
enjoyment, and have, as rule, a
vague conception Of the meaning OF
pleasure and recreation. 1t is to fill
this void in the lives Of country youth
that the rural church has risen to
the necessity Of providing entertain.
ment, as well as instruction, to its
membership among the young. The
children and young people Of the
church should meet when religion is
not even mentioned. It has been
found safest for them to meet fire.
quently under the direction and care
of the church. To send them into the
world with no social training exposes
them to grave perils and to try to
keep them out of the world with nc
social privileges is sheer folly, There
is a social nature to both old and
young, but the social requirements Of
the young are imperative. The church
must provide directly or indirectly
some modern equivalent for the husk
ing bee, the quilting bee and the sing
ing schools Of the old days. In one
way or another the social instincts
of our young people must have oppor
tunity for expression, which may
take the form of clubs, parties, pic
mics or other forms Of amusement
One thing is certain, and that is thai
the church cannot take away the
dance, the card party and the theatre
unless II can offer in its place n sat
| isfying substitute in the form of NOR,
pleasing recreation.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04

pavements would cost quite a bit,
but that would end the cost, for
they are practically indestruct-
able, and after they are laid the
expense is ended for the life of
the average citizen. There are
many ways which this could be
done, the most practical and
equitable one is to essess the cost
of construction against the abut-
ting property. This is the way
that most towns do and the bur-
den then falls on those who are
most benefited.
y u u
What citizen of West Liberty
who has not sufficient pride in the
town in which he lives to desire
paved streets, electric lights and
good sidewalks? A town always
measures the standard of the
progressiveness and civic pride
of its citizens. The stranger, the
man looking fora location for a
business OF an enterprise of any
kind always judges the chances
of the success of his venture by
the appearance of the town itself.
A clean well paved, we'll kept
town attracts at once, and gives
the impression that it is inhabited
by live, wide-awake citizens, and
is the town that men with capital
are willing to invest money.
With the advantage that our i'm
mense coal deposits, our natural
gas and our proximity to the
river makes West Liberty an
ideal town for a manufacturing
center, but we must wake up and
do something if we expect to in
duce people away from here to
invest with us. Can't we wake
up and do something? Keep the
talk of improvement going any
way. 1t helps. We have a
board of trustees who are willing
to make every improvement in
their power, but they need the
hearty encouragement of the
citizens.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04
Agricultural Extension.

At this season of the year it
becomes imperative that the man
who intends to produce fruit of
even fair quality and in reason
able quantity or in abundance,
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04
Always,

Always.
There has always been a tendency
on the part OF Saints philosophers and
excltable people generally to feel sure
that what is wropg with the world is
ignorance-tha. if7only people might
be induced to listen they could not
but incline their hearts to the attrac-
tons Of manifest righteousness.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04

Education is a developing of the
mind, not a stufIing of the memory.
Digest what you read.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04

Old men have visions, young men
have dreams. Successful farmers
plow deep while sluggaTds sleep.
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04

The growing of legumes will retard
soil depletion and greatly add to its
power to produce
Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1915-02-04

larger and better.
3. To keep the tree in proper
and convenient shape.
A. To change the habit of the
tree.
5. To remove superhuous or in
jured parts.
6. To facilitate spraying and
harvesting.
7. To train the tree in some de-
sired form.
PRUNING FRUIT TREES.
Pruning is a necessity where
good fruit is desired. An un-
pruned tree can never be expect
ed to produce fruit Of high quail
ity. With the best titled trees If
we cease pruning for a few years
the fruit has a tendency to grow
smaller, and loses it's color and
flavor because the air and sun
light can not pass thru the thick
branches.
Many old orchards have been
neglected for some time and as
a result are choked with water
sprouts and dead limbs.
Trees in this condition should
not be pruned all in one year..
The first year remove the suckers,
and all of the dead wood and the
most Objectionable crossing
branches. The second season
more of the unnecessary crossing
branches may be cut out. After
this a light pruning each year
will do.
Prune regularly, not spasmodi-
cally.
Head in young trees, thin out
old trees.
Prune during the dormant seas
on.
Prune close; do not leave stubs.
Paint all large wounds.
Keep the tree free from suckers.
Do not allow stock 10 prune
your trees.
Water sprouts are the result of
too heavy pruning.
An axe or Ratchet is not
pruning tool.
r. Uni Jhhppir-aafneed1 ,- r,eFesJy1ssdr -andls-
cultivated orch ads are mot money
makers. III
The orchard s not a profitable
source of frekood.
In pruning grapes remember
that the fruit grows on the new
wood of the present seasons
growth, which springs from wood
grown the preceding season,
Wood that bore last season will
not bear again. For this reason
grapes should be cut back very
severely in order to stimulate
plenty of new healthy wooC
growth. The fruit is borne neal
the base and ordinarily one shoot
should not be allowed to produce
over four clusters.
j. H. CARMoDY, Dept. of Hort
culture,
College of Agriculture, Licking
ton, Ky.