davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21


 are shipped in whole carcasses, and the animals killed for the purpose number millions The carcasses weigh from 30 to 50 pounds each, and the English pre- fer the medium weights. The mutton has to be thawed before selling, but it is said to be quite as good as any of the fresh mutton sold by it's side in the markets.
 During my stay here I have gone through a freezing factory which has capacity of 5000 sheep every day. When I entered the killing room the floor was covered with blood. There were 2oO0 sheep in the pens, and hun dreds had been skinned and cleaned and hung up to cool before being put in the freezing rooms. I stopped for a moment and timed the killing. Within just three minutes I saw a sheep pass from its active bleating life into a carcass, skim ned and cleaned and ready to be frozen for its long voyage of 7000 miles over the ocean to Europe The killing was done in sight of the awaiting victims, and hundreds of sheep looked on while
 
 cred Each pen had at least 50 sheep, and along the front of it on bench as high as my knee lay rows of dying ami mals. Each had two great round holes in it's white throat, and out of these ran the red blood into little canal below. Some of the sheep were kick ing, others were feebly grooming, but could see that the deaths were almost instantaneous. The killing is done with long double-bladed knife. The sheep is caught by two men, who throw it upon it's back upon bench While they hold it there the butcher seizes it by the chin, bends its head back, and with one thrust drives the knife into it's throat, cutting the jug1lar vein. He then goes on to the next sheep. which is ready for him, and keeps on killing 1. sheep after sheep like very machine He butchers them at the rate of one or more per minute
 As soon as a sheep has been killed it is disemboweled and carefully skinned The entrails are thrown into one place and after cleaning they go to Germany for the castings of sausages. The kid neys and their fat are laid in another place. The Kidney fat is made into an oleemargarine, used here for cooking. and the kidneys are sold in the markets of Buenos Aires. The tongues are frozen. the feet and heads are cut off, and at the end the carcas looks as well as any to be seen in our markets It Is dressed after the fashion most popular in Eng land and there are Lonuon market men here to superintend this part of the work.
 The freezing is done in great cham bers, each of which will hold 60,000 car casses. These rooms have double walls of wood a foot thick, and their ceil- ings are covered with coils of pipes through which flow ammonia and brine.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21

place-then what did he do? When he'd cleared out all competitors. the blood sucker raised his prices all round. Call that fair trade competition?" V
 Before his products had been tuoched the results to other people had nothing to do with me-"
 There are many people who make you feel 10 or 20 years older than you are. That fellow makes one feel as if one's clothes were shabby, worn out. He's an abominable nuisance, nothing less.
 There are good many people whose extravagance makes on feel like that not only with regard to clothes, but other things. I have known a man so worried by another who lived in a larger house that at last he had to get out of the house that just fitted him and take "a more commodious" one. Yet what had the other fellows house got to do with him?
 believe 1t was Mir. George R. Sims whom once heard declare that nine tenths of the extravagance of the world was originated, in the first place. by someone else's eXtravagance
 There Is, perhaps, no man or woman who has not some influence with soma young fellow-one, at least. But we have been apt to think that the young fellow has nothing to do with me-
 Providence has a strange way of bringing home to us that the good or III conduct of others has much to do with ourselves" remarked Charles Reade, and their good fortune and their i'll fortune also. We are all interested in the right and wrong in the world, and the people who imagine it is no con- cern of theirs when they don't see 1t immediately affecting them, are merely blind in their selfishness. Things havs wonderful knack of coming round some day"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21

is calculated, and the whole sum as sessed must be paid in a lump, usually sometime in February or March, much depending on the good nature or the ac- tivity of the local collector. At any rate. the tax must be paid in one lump and this is real hardship to a good many small tradesmen and professional men who, as rule, in England, as in most other countries, live up to their full in come they go along, and often have great difficulty in digging up a large sum for the government. perhaps at a time, as often happens, when they are more than usually short of cash. Strange 1y enough, it is only this class of what are after all glorified wage earners that
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21

slty in the British household and it is doubtful if the consumption has fallen off a single pound because of the war. If the extra 6 cents looked big it was saved by using a lower quality and that made no difference to Lloyd George, for the humble 25- cent Ceylon and the lordy $5 Russian caravan pay the same tax.
 The success of this tax and the ob- yious reasons for the comparative fail Ire of the income tax have pointed q lesson to the treasury experts and I am told that Lloyd-George "is seri- ously considering two new moves, an extension of the taxes on necessities of life and the broadening of the oasis
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21
By JOHN s. STEELE

of the income tax" This phrase, Of course, is only a euphemism for a tax cn wages, but the blunt way of put
 ting it would not be so popular.
 As matter of fact, tax on wages, for that is what it amounts to. would not be unpopular here, provided the method of collection was so organized as to make the extraction of the money from the payer as painless as possible, and un- derstand that this feature is now seri- ously being considered. At present it is only charged on incomes over $500 a year, and the rate increases as the income grows. The present method of colec- tion is to compel the owner of the in come to make return on which the tax
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21
l | T. l ll(s1ls||
 

II \,
 one subject of conversation in k1z.z.:4 England today is the war in one I44e69flj form or another It is impos-
 sble to get away from it. for it affects the lives of everybody in these islands so intimately that no matter what the start of a conver- sation may be it is sure to lead round to the war before many minutes. And the chief phase Of 1t that is now being discussed wherever two or three Brit. ons are gathered together is taxes!
 There are two reasons for this. One is that this is the season of the year when the income tax gatherer becomes pressing in his attentions, and this year he is calling on us all to pay third more than last year. Next year the toll will be double at least. He has sent cut the buff demands which nobody pays any attention to, and now the post man is handing round the red slips which mean that the recipient must pay in 10 days from date or run the risk of having his goods seized, or if he hasn't any goods of being marched off to prison
 Combined with this reason for the present interest in taxation is the fact that the time is soor coming when Lloyd George, the chancellor of the ex- chequer, must rise in his place in Par q liament and tell us the worst that we may expect for this year and next, in the way of additional taxes, and We are all uncommonly anxious to know that worst. Lloyd Georges statement is due sometime in April, and it cannot be de- layed much later than the middle of May, for about that time Lloyd-George |. will be coming into the money market with another war loan, and investors will want to know the kind of taxation that form the security behind the prof fered paper
 In all, Great Britain has raised by loan since the beginning of the war $1,750, 100000. A small part of the first loan was repaid out of the second, but there is outstanding now or will be be- fore June, when the money in hand IS expected to be exhausted, something like the full amount. The service Of that loan alone is costing the coun- try something like S60, 100000 year in round figures, and all this interest has to be provided out of taxation. That rAere will be other and even greater loans is almost certain, for even if, as some people think, Germany will be ready to throw up the sponge in June there will still be great expenses in connection with the winding up of the war. the disbandment of the armies and the payment of pensions and gratuities to those who have borne the burden in the greatest war in history.
 Isloyd-George's great war budget in- troduced last November. which doubled the income tax, added cents a pound to the tea duty and cent to the price
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21
Girls Shy at the Rope

Radcliffe's girls are kicking over the ropes in their endeavors to dodge the fire rules for college dormitcries.
 Fire Chief Marjorie Bridgman insists that every girl in college must learn t9 use the rope fire escapes, and in the next 10 days must demonstrate to the satisfaction of Dean Boody that she has learned her little lesson.
 At first 1t was intended that the college lassies should do the slide for life down the hempen cords from their rooms, but visions of college boys and "townies" watching the performance caused a sudden encouragement of programme. and ropes In the gymna- sSsm are now used. Chief Bridgman says the mutineers will soon learn that cE.eyable pastims.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21

ince that formed a part of old Pata gonia and there are sheep farms now in opera ton all the way from the Strait of Ma gellan to the borders of Paraguay. There are 100000 sheep on that part of the Island of Tierra del Fuego belonging to Argentina. and the fiochs of the south are steadily growing. Patagonia has be- come great sheep farm. although the land is so desert in places that it can carry but a few animals. The sheep eat the tough scrub and bushes, and they arc found in large numbers along the slopes of the Andes and in those places where the better kinds of grass grow. Wells are now being dug even in the drlest areas, and it is said that the semi deserts of Santa Cruz can support as many as 5,0o00O0 sheep. In Chabut, fur ther north there is fine grazing coun- try at tile base of the Andes and that province supports 100000 sheep. Here in Buenos Aires some of the lands are so rich that they will feed two or three sheep to the acre.
 So far the sheep of the south have been raised almost altogether for their wool They are now establishing meat-freezing factories in Patagonia, at the Strait of Magellan, and the result will be an in crease in the exports of frozen mutton and lamb. There are certain breeds of sheep that make better mutton than oth- CTS, and new breeds will be in demand Today there are 100000 Rambouilets in Chabut, and there are other millions of them scattered throughout other parts of Patagonia. The Terra del Fuego sheep are chiefly Romneys and Lincolns, and those of the north are Lincolns Rambouil- lets, Black Faces and Southdowns.
 Of the 75,0000o0 sheep now in Argentina 1t is estimated that there are about S0,- 000.0G0 made up of cross breeds, and about 1l.0a0,000 Merinos. There are 1S,0D0,000 Lin coins, something like 9,009,go0 Ramboul- lets, and several hundred thousand Black Faces and Southdowns. The herd book of the rural secretary has a record of 16- 00J pedigreed sheep. The flocSs are in- crea sing in value, and they are now estl- nla tee to be worth upward of 0,000.
 Here in Buenos Aires province the sheep are kept in fenced inclosures. In the south they are herded by shepherds, and the size of the average flock is sev eral thousand. They are watched by d shepherd on horseback, and are allowed to graze about as they please No arti- ficial feeding is done. The sheep live out of doors from one years end to the other' There are no sheds barns or stacks of hay in that region The. sheep wander off in the morning grazing in the direction whence the wind blows, and they return in the evening to sleep about the huts of the shepherds. It is only where the grass is plenty that the fields are fenced with wire, and the most of the animals wander about on the pampas or plains The close grazing betters the keeping of sheep. The herder receives ahout s20 8 month, or he may herd on the shares for one-fourth of the profit. His life is dreary to an extreme. His only home is mud hut away out on ,He prairie, and his only companions are the sheep, his house and his dogs. His chief fooG is mutton, and his employer allows
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21

Copyright, 1915. by Frank G. carpenter.)
 Buenos Aires. H~ HE war in Europe is seriously
 affecting the wool market of l1 Argentina. The mills of Bel CSESsSl3 gium are idle and those of
 France are running at only fraction of their capacity. The exports to Germany are entirely cut off, and the only markets left are England and the United States Before the war be- gan France, Belgium, Germany and Austria were taking about two-thirds of the wool clip, and the government here is now asked to aid the wool growers in increasing their business with us. The clip of this year will amount to more than 250, 000,00o pounds, and the Mercado Central de Frutos is already packed with bales awaiting ship mcnt abroad.
 The Mercado Central de F'rutos is the largest wool market of the world Tn connection with Bahia Blanca, the great port of southern Argentina, it handles < practically all of the wool grown in the republic and something like 2oo,00Oo0o pounds pass through it each year. The market is owned by a stocf company, which has a capital of s3,000,000 in gold, and which for a number of years has been paying dividends from 13 to 15 per cent. It has buildings which cover acres, and it is said to be the largest market any where under one roof. The main build- ing is of brick, with vast iron roof sup ported by iron pillars, of which there are more than 2500. It has 1900 windows. and 50,0O0 cars loaded with freight come into it every year. It is situated on the banks of the Rfachueto river, surrounded by network of railways. and at such a tf. hxF ciat from different parts of the republic and go out on ocean vessels to all parts of the world. The business of the market is enormous. Something like thousand shlps load and unload at it's wharves every year, and it takes care of hides, grain. skins and wool to the hundreds of millions of pounds.
 At shearing time the wool comes in both on trains and on ships. There are not enough cars to haul the crop. and the vast market is so packed that you can hardly get through it. Its three floors are stacked high with bales of dirty, greasy wool, and the carts and wagons that carry the wool from the trains and boats fill the streets. Much of the work is done with hydraulic cranes, and the arrangement is such that a great part of the clip goes from the cars and ships direct to It's place in the market. Each mans wool is in a pile by itself, and so arranged that the buy CTS can easily examine it. The wool is sold unwashed It is said to lose 50 per cent of it's weight by being cleaned, and the exporters say that it crosses the ocean better in an unwashed state. The clip of this year contains much grease that when l thrust my hand in one of the bales it came out shining as though I had dipped it in vaseline, and had to put on a cotton coat to save my clothes from the dirt.
 The Argentine wool crop is growing in value. The quaitity is not great as it has been in the past, but the quail ity is steadily improving, the amount per sheep growing. and today the aver age fleece is one-thrd again as large as it was in 1860. This is due to the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21

It is only recently that mutton has brought a good price in the local mar kets. A generation or so ago sheen were so common that the beggars refused to eat mutton, and the only profit from the sheep came from the wool. A lit- tie before that sheep were killed in great numbers without taking the trou- ble to shear them, the hides being al- lowed to. rot so that the wool could be more easily pluclsed off. At that time the bodies were used as fuel for the brick kilns, and it is said that there are old churches in Buenos Aires built Of bricks burned with sheep carcasses At the beginning of the ninteeenth cen tury the fiocks were so numerous that sheep brought at times as low as 6 cents apiece, and at one time they null tiplied so rapidly that thousands of the older ones were driven over rocks into the sea to get rid of them At another period, they were slaughtered for their tallow, single sheep bringing as much as s1 for the fat in 1t.
 Before the white man came to South America the only sources of wool there were from llamas, alpacas, vicunas and guanacos. These animals lived only in the highlands of the Andes. The vicu- mas and guanacos ran wild, as they do now. and every year the Incas had a. great hunt, during which they captured many thousands of them and dried the meat. The wool was shorn and stored in the imperial depots.
 The friegerificos are now freezing vast numbers of sheep for exportation to Flu rope. Some of these institutions are kill ing as many as 5000 a day, and a great caravan of frozen sheep and lambs is on the march across the sea to the armies of the allies Argentina was the first country to export frozen meat to Eng land, and the first shipments were on account of the foot and mouth disease, which kept the live castIe and sheep out of the United Kingdom. It was not until 1885, however, that the industry was definitely established by the open ing of freezing works. It proved prof table, and today. there ara something like 10 companies, with a capitalization of many million dollars The business done in frozen mutton alone amounts to $5, ,0000 GOO or s6,000,000 a year, and since the beginning it has brought in more than $115,000,000 The beef shipped abroad
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21

til they reach Liverpool or London The freight to London is about l cent pound.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21
BY FRANK G. CARPENTER
him to kill enough sheep to supply him wilh meat.

him to kill enough sheep to supply him wilh meat.
 The first sheep brought to Argentina came from the West Indies islands They were descended from a flock brought ir by Columbus and other navigators . Sdnto Domingo. From there some were taken to Jamaica, Cuba and Porto Rico, and they thence made their way south to the Rio de la Plata. As rar pac-s as 1850 some were brought to Tucuman, in nctthern Argentina, and later others were driven over the Andes from Chile The Chilean sheep are said to have also come from the Santo Domingo flocks. which came not from Spain. but from the Canary Islands. If this is true practically all of the sheep of Latin American had fheir origin in the Canaries.
 By inbreeding for hundreds of years the native shIp became reduced in size and their wool hard and short They looked much like goats. and it was not until other importations were made that the focks began to improve. One of the men who did much to in- troduce fine breeds into Argentina was an American consul named Haley, who represented us at Buenos Aires at the beginning of the last century It was not until about the time of our civil war. however that much attention was paid to the importation of fine stock. After that Merinos began to be i'm ported and little later on came the southdowns and others. I saw on the San Juan estancia tho other day Southdown flock descended from rams and ewes imported so years ago, and 1t was at about that same time that the Rambouillets and the Black Faces be- gan to come in
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21

)NDON, March 11.-Of course the one subject of conversation in
 England today is the war in one form or another It is impos-
 sible to get away from it. for
The Birmingham age-herald., 1915-03-21

The Argentine wool crop is growing in value. The quaitity is not as great as it has been in the past but the quail ity is steadily improving, the amount per sheep growing. and today the aver age fleece is one-third again as large as it was in 1860. This is due to the
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1915-10-12

Don't congratulate me-" he went on.
Congratulate Ike Feinsilver and
Beckie Cohen" He gathered force as
he proceeded. Fools" he continued
in a rapid crescendo "Meddlers. You
spill my blood. You ruin me. I'm a
millionaire, you tell Feinsilver. I've
got nothing to do with my money but
that should throw It away"
mister Cohen" Morris protested,
you'll make yourself sick"
"I'll make you SICK" Cohen rejoined.
"I'll make for you blue eye too. Five
thousand dollars got to give her"
Abe whistled involuntarily.
II should think $1,000 would be plen-
ty," he suggested.
Max Cohen turned on him with an
other glare.
What" he shrieked. Gam beg
gar? Should l give my niece miser-
able $1,000? Amt 1 got no pride? I
got to make 1t $1,000" He paused
while his imagination dwelt on the
magnitude Of this colossal sum. Five
thousand dollars" he shrieked again,
"and business the way 1t isr'
Mr.. Perlmutter laid a soothing palm
on Cohen's shoulder.
"But, Mr.. Cohen" he said, what can
We do? Why should you tell US all
thia9"
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1915-10-12

ing, everything went of splendid
for Feinsilver. Max Cohen came down
with a certified check for $1,000, you
and me got rid Of about over a hum
dred, counting the wedding present
and our wives dresses, and Miss Co
hen got a husband and a lot Of cut
glass, while mel got headacheT
Morris grunted.
did you put an 'ad' In the papers,
Mawruss2"
mo, ain't" Morris snapped
"Ain't you going tor"
what forY' Morris growled I'VE
don't need no bookkeeper."
"Why notw Abe cried.
Morris nodded in the direction Of the
office.
Because we got one," he replied.
Abe turned toward the little glass In
closure. He gasped In amazement and
nearly swallowed the stump Of his e.
gar, for at the old stand, industriously
applying herself to the books of Potash
& Perlmutter, sat Mrs. Isaac Feinsil-
yer, nee Cohen.
A moment later the door opened, and
Isaac Feinsilver entered Immediately
clothed In suit Of zebra-like design.
he proceeded to the bookkeeper's Of
fee and kissed the blushing bride; then
he repaired to the sample room.
Good morning, Mawruss! Good
morning, Abe" he said briskly. "Ain't
It fine weather." He threw bundle
of swatches upon a sample table. my
partners, Goldner & Plotkin, and me"
here he paused to note the effects
putting out fine line Of spring goods,
and want to show you some."
Abe and Morris looked over Ikes
line in dazed astonishment and before
they were really cognizant Of what
was going on Ike had booked gener-
GUS order.
"That amt so bad," he said, ''for q
honeymoon order"
Then he turned and strobe toward
the bookkeeper's office. Once more he
saluted the lips Of his assiduous
spouse, and q moment later he was
walking rapidly down the street Abe
looked after him and expelled huge
breath.
"You find 1t in the Talmud that We
are commanded to promote marriages,
amt 1t, Mawruss?" he said. But one
things sure, Mawruss; you can't run a
cloak and suit business according to
the Talmud." There was short 81
lence. did you ask her why she
comes back, Mawruss7" he said.
Morris took the end of particularly
black cigar with one vicious bite.
II didn't have to ask her. She told
me-" he said bitterly. "She says a
smart girl can get husband any day,
she says, but good job Is hard to find,
and when you got one you should stick
to #"