davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
In Signed Statement Sir
Edward Gives Out the
British View of the Euro
pean War
PEACE AT PRESENT
NOT CONTEMPLATED
BY BRITISH ALLIES
Does Not Minimize Peril of
Submarines, But English
Navy Has Kept the Seas
Clear for Commerce

London, July 31.-Sir Edward Carson.
met, has prepared for the Associated
Press a signed statement giving a
broad outline of the first year Of the
war from the British standpoint, to-
gether with expression of the unaIter-
able purpose of the British govern
ment and people to carry ON the wnr to
n successful conclusion. The statement
followsi
How long will the war last and what
will be the result? To such questions as
these any British subject caA give but
one answer, and that is that the war
will last until the cause of the allies has
been brought to a successful issue and
Europe and the world have been relieved
from the ideals involved In the agrees
sion of Prussian domination.
''The word peace does not enter into
our vocabulary at the present tiine 1t
is banished from our conversation as
something immoral and impossible under
existing circumstances. And yet we are
the most peace loving people in the
world; nation which throughout the
globe within its many uommrons mas in
culcated good government and social and
industrial progress. and the free exercise,
III it's widest sense, of civil and religious
liberty.
For Social Progress
Brightly or wrongly We have In the
past devoted our energies and our intel
ligence, not to preparations for war. but
to the social progress which makes for
the happiness and the contentment Of the
mass Of our people. And this. no doubt,
is the reason why other nations imagine
that we. as a nation OF shopkeepers. are
too indolent and apathetic to fight for
end maintain these priceless liberties, won
by the men who laid the foundation Of
our vast empire.
But they are entirely mistaken In
forming any such estimate of the tenn
permanent or determination of our people.
Great Britain hates war and no nation
enters more reluctantly upon its horrible
and devastating operations; but. at the
same time, no nation when it is driven to
war by the Vaccinations Of its foes who
desire to filch from it or from it's co.
champions Of liberty any portion of their
(Continned On Page Elevsn)
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
Has Had Important Vic
tories and Faces Future
With Confidence
BUDGET SYSTEM is
HIS FAVORITE TOPIC
Governor Tells Newspaper Men lie
Has Always Opposed Tax .Ex-
emptions and Has Not
Changed Opinion
BY L. s. BETTY


Montgomery, July 31.-(Special.) )-Gov-
ernor Henderson is well satisfied with the
results of the past week. 1t was a big
week for the governor, fraught with mo-
the happenings of the week with ex-
treme qualification. But that Is not ALL
The governor is now looking forward to
future weeks with pleased assurance.
During the week the governors policies
prevailed on practically every big issue
before the legislature
His greatest triumph came when he se-
cured, apparently without effort, the con-
sent of the majority that the executives s
appointive power should remain invioate.
1t meant that the dominant faction that
had held sway during the first session of
the legislature-the all powerful prohibi
ton lobby-had seen the error of its
way and abandoned the policy of at
tempting to embarrass the governor.
Hence, with past victories behind him.
the governor is looking forward with con-
fidence; for he has other plans to lay
before the state lawmakers.
Wants a Budget System
The most important of these, and, in the
opinion of the governor not second to
even the bond issue, is the plan to in
augurate a budget system in the state.
This could be done by legislative act
authorizing the appointment of a commits
sion of five or more members, whose duty
committee on investigation. This commits
sion would be authorized to make public
six months prior to the meeting of the
legislature a budget system for the state.
The governor Is now preparing
message to the legislature outlining
his plan. He regards it as companion
act to the bond issue amendment
This companion act is simply Keep
ing faith with the people, the gov
ernor said today in talking to news
paper men. 1--WE told them that the
bond issue was for, the payment of old
debts and not FOR constructive work
The commission will prevent a repeti-
tion of present conditions"
The governor stated that the COM
mission would also have the effect of
doing away with the "spoils" system.
~ Against Split Session
Other questions of the day We're dis
cussed by the governor, one of them
being that of another split session. He
let 1t be known, as he has previously
done, that he is unalterably opposed to
a second split session. He indicated
that it might hasten the necessity for
another constitutional convention, to
which he is opposed.
The governor also expressed himself
on the matter of exemptions, which en-
gagged the consideration of the MEM
bers of the house for two days this
week The executive declared he is OPP
posed to granting these special priv
ileges He referred to his message to
the legislature in which he announced
his convictions on the subject of ex-
emptions and declared that his mind
is unchanged.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
TODAY'S AGE-HERALD


1-Real fight begins in legislature Tues
day.
Henderson pleased at weeks events.
Second year of war begins today.
Carson reviews strife.
Fate Of Russian army Is doubtful.
Pope issues peace appeal.
2-Foster quotes law on charges Of Lusk
3-Farmers call for Montgomery conven-
ton.
AReoccupation of Mexico City lacks
confirmation.
5-New bank opens tomorrow.
Mother faints when forced to give up
child.
Plan monument for first governor.
Heads drop in fire department.
Home products exhibit opens.
7-Germany content with past year.
s-First Nationals monthly review.
Exchanged attitude on foreign loans.
denies charges of Lusk.
1a-15 and 20-Sports.
items.
Bay events October 2.
25- 5-26-27-29 and 30-Society.
2s-Ned Brace and editorial comment.
32- 2-32-Ensley is booming.
34-Airship duels not common.
36-Up and down Broadway.
81 to 42-Mag gazine section.
43 to 46-Comic supplement.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01

London, July 31.-do:so p. m.)-The fate
of the Russian armies in the Polish salient
still hangs In the balance. No official
confirmation had been received up to a
Warsaw by the Russian troops, but that
they are withdrawing eastward is cer-
tain. tst-T
What portion will succeed In getting
back to the new line is a matter of spec
ulation. The arrival Of Austrian cavalry
at Lublin. which is officially announced
from Vienna, shows that the southern line
of retreat is entirely barred to the retiring
army, as Field Marshal Won Mackenzen
had previously crossed this railway
There remain, however. the main double
track route through Minsk and an equally
good road from Ivangorod through Lukow
and the northern line, which runs south of
the Bug river, to say nothing of innumer-
able, vehicular roads which enter the
Polish capital from the east. Therefore.
SO long as Field Marshal Won Hinden-
burg is prevented from crossing the Bug
from the northeast it Is believed Grand
Duke Nicholas has still an excellent
chance of saving his whole army
Within Three Days March
When the Russians do reach the new
line of defense they will be faced by an
other danger-that arising from the ad-
vance of General Won Buelow's army,
coz posed largely of cavalry. which is ap-
preaching the fortress of Kovno and
which is within three days march of the
Wilma Petrograd railway.
The retirement. although described by
Petrograd as voluntary. is accompanied
by very hard lighting. reminiscent of Gem
tCs.tinued on paee Hlsve.a
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
RUSSIANS RETREAT
EASTWARD FIGHTING
REAR GUARD ACTIONS
German Report Speaks of
the Occupation of Lublin,
Thus Cutting Off One
Avenue of Retreat
RETIREs UNMOLEsTED

Petrograd. July a.-Cvia Lon
don, August 1. 07 a. m)-The
following official statement was
issued from general headquarters
today:
'The Russian forces on Thurs
day night between the Vistula
and the Bug retired unmolested to
new positions. I'VE evacuated the
town of Lublin and the railway
between the stations of Nowo
Alexandria and Reiovetx."
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
NEUTRALS HA We NOT
ESCAPED UNSCATHED
Gigantic Conflict Is Really Number of Wars Only
Vaguely Related-Has Been -eminently
Struggle of Machines Surprises Have
Developed On Both Sides-Artillery Main Re-
lance On All Battlefields Development of
Submarine Most Remarkable
BY THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

The second year Of the European opens today On
August 1914 Germany declared against Russia and the
last chance vanished of ocazng the Auso Servan de-
clared three days previously by Austria Hungary.
All the great powers of Europe drawn into stugge
the like of which history has not heretofore recorded Eleven
nations at and almost all lands affected directly
indirectly Millions of have been killed. wounded
red to captivity hostile countries Billions of dollars
been expended Thousands of square miles of territory have
been devaed and hundreds of cities and towns laid
Half the world mourning for the dead And although the
has been with unexamped fury for year, the
result may be summarized in brief sentences No decisive
results have been achieved and the end is not in sight
Determination to pursue the to decisive ending has
been expressed by high officials of all the begerent nations
preparations being made for next winters campaign and
fact indications from Europe that it likely in
in size rather than decrease is still open question
whether Bulgaria. Rumania Greece will be drawn
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
BENSON PROPOSES SOME
NEW IMPEACHMENT LAWS
ny L. s. BETTY

Montgomery, July S1.-tSpecial.) )-Sena-
tor John T. benson Of Greene county will
introduce in the senate next Tuesday a
bill providing for the impeachment Of all
state county and municipal officers who
shall be guilty of misconduct in Office,
neglect of duty. or who shall be seen in
any public place in an intoxicated condi-
tion.
The bill also makes it an impeachable
offense for any person holding an office
in Alabama to engage in any form Of
rambling. ''or who shall commit any act
constituting = violation Of any penal stat
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01

ute of this state involving moral turpi-
tude."
Provision is made in the bill whereby
the attorney general. state solicitors.
county solicitors and city attorneys may.
upon receiving notice. investigate all COM
plants against officers, ard may institute
proceedings In the circuit. chancery or
other court of like Jurisdiction.
The benson bill, II enacted into law,
will impose most stringent regulations for
all officers. The governor IL given au-
thority to direct the attorney general and
other OFFICERS to investigate all complaints
against officials, and is also empowered
to employ special counsel to aid In the
prospecution Of pleadings.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
POSTAL REDUCES
PRESS MESSAGES

New York, July 31.-(Special) )-Charles
G. Adams, vice president of the Postal
Telegraph Gable company. in charge of
the traffic department, states that on
Monday, August 2, that company will
make 80 per cent reduction In its leased
wire rate to the press at night through
out the country.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01

New York, July 3f.-A silver plate
bearing the inscription, Charles
Becker, murdered July 30, 1916. by
Governor Whitman" was placed
tonight on the coffin containing
Becker's body by direction of his
widow. The plate Is 4x7 inches In
size, and the letters In script are
an inch high. 1t is securely fast
ened.
Mrs. Becker is quoted as saying
that she determined upon this plan
after she appealed to Governor
Whitman for a repried which the
governor denied.
Albany. N. Y. July 21.-T can
not believe IT. was Governor
Whitman's sole remark tonight
when told of the plate on Charles
Becker's coffin.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
SUMMARY OF WHOLE
FIELD OF OPERATIONS

In France and Gelgtum. Germany II
battling with Great Britain, France and
Belgium In August Germany invaded
Belgium and France, pushing south
ward almost to the gates of Paris. Fol-
lowing the battle of the Marne. per-
haps the most important contest of the
war thus far the Germans were COM
PEELED to retreat and have since held
an entrenched line from the Belgian
coast to Alsace, retaining possession OF
northeastern France and most of Bel
SCoatinusd ON Page sevsal !,
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
SECOND YEAR OF WAR BEGINS TODAY
WITH NO SIGN OF THE DAWN OF PEACE

Millions of Men Killed, Billions of Dollars Spent,
Countries Devastated and All Without Decisive
Result-Treasures of Men and Gold Poured Out
Without Limit By Nations At War-First Year
Cost Eight Million Men and S375,OOO,O0O,0OO
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
STAGGERING STATISTICS OF
SLAUGHTER OF SOLDIERS

The losses Of Germany. France and
Russia, by reason of their larger
armies. have been far greater. The
Heer Und Politik of Berlin early in
June estimated that more than 100000
soldiers of the countries at war with
Germany and her allies have been
killed, wounded or captured. Hailaire
Eelloc. the English military writer, said
Germany's potential manhood for actual
fighting probably had diminished from
all causes by nearly one-half In the
first year of the war. and asserted a
conservative estimate was that Ger
many had much nearer 100000 than
100000 men permanently out Of the
field. Estimates Of the total casualties
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01
NEUTRALS AFFECTED AS
WELL AS BELLICERENTS

Neutrals as we'll as belligerents have
been affected. The financial strines
ency which followed the outbreak Of
the war was world wide. The United
States in common with other neu-
trails, has been confronted with the
threatened abridgement of Its rights.
Particularly at sea. and has sent notes
of remonstrance to England and Ger
rlany, the complications with the lat
ter country following the sinking of
the Lustania giving especial concern.
The war has been attended with
rnany unexpected features, one of
which Is its protraction. 1t has been
believed that such a struggle would
be of comparatively short duration.
on account of the cost and loss of life
Ii would entail. At the outset 1t was
commonly said that within less than a
year the nations involved would be
compelled to seek peace through finan-
cial exhaustion. II for no other reason.
While each side has won Its victories.
no final results have been reached in
any of the campaigns, with few
minor exceptions of the lesser opera
tions in distant colonies. over the
greater part of the Franco Belgian
front the opposing millions are facing
each other In the same positions as
last September. Movements on tho
eastern front have been wider. but with
no signs of an approaching decision.
The German plan is generally as
sumed to have been to deal first with
France, In the early weeks of the war
before the Russian army, slower to
mobilize, was able to present seri-
Gus menace; and then to turn on Rus
sia. The fierce resistance of Belgian
and the unexpectedly quick mobiliza-
tion of both the French and Russian
armies prevented the full fruition OF
this plan Nevertheless. Germany has
been able to hold her own on both the
astern and western fronts.
In reality the struggle of the II ma
tions is divided into a number of sep
nrate wars, related to each other In
only a general way. The whole field
Of military operations may be sum-
M ariz fc1loxxs.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-01

run from 10000 to 100000 with the
former figure probably conservative.
The cost in money runs TO similar
ly huge total. Great Britain is now
spending about stb. .ooo. 900 day on the
war, according to Premier Asquith. Al
bert Meth. general budget reporter of
the French chamber of deputies cai-
culates the war is costing France sl0.-
600 minute or sli,400,000 a day. VII
liam Michaells recently estimated the
daily cost TO Germany at S0,25O. .00o,
saying 40 days of this war cost as
much as the whole Franco-Prussian
war of 1901. In March DIR. Karl
Helfferich, secretary of the imperial
treasury of Germany, said the war was
costing all belligeronts ss75.o0o.ooo a
week.
ON the basis of DR. Helfferich's es-
innate. the first year of the war cost
the stupendous sum of s11 800 600 900.
Mr. Michaelis puts the figure at $15.-
o0G,0oo,0 900. not including Italy's ex-
pcnditures; sum more than so per
cent greater than the gold production
of the world during the last 500 years.
Other estimates run still higher, to
$50, 900, 100000 or more.
In addition to the money expended
directly on the war, the loss In destrue-
ton of property on land and sea has
run high into the millions Great
losses are being occasioned by the ces-
satlon or curtailment of many forms
of productive industry. The energies OF
the world have been largely diverted to
making war Factories of all sorts
have been turned over to the making of
war munitions, men taken from mill
and field, TO be replaced by women. old
men and children. Economists assert
that for generations to come the world
will feel the effect of the huge losses,
in the burden of taxation and other-
wise, and sociologists make conflicting
predictions as to Its moral. physical
and psychological effect on generations
living and to come.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1915-10-21
SUFFRAGlSTS END CAMPAIGN
Close Hottest Political Fight in New
Jersey With a 24-Hour
Meeting.

Newark, N. j., Oct. 19.-The vigor
OF the hot campaign waged by women
workers for suffrage rose to it's high
est pitch on election eve, in every
section of New Jersey All day the
yellow banners Of the suffrage assO-
Citations and the green, white and
purple OF the Woman's Political Union
huttered from hundreds OF automo-
biles from Cape May to the New
York line, and there were few COM
munlties in the state, even of the
smallest, where the voices OF femin-
inc orators were not lifted In the
streets for the cause.
In this city, on the spot where the
first settlers hoisted their standards.
nearly $50 years ago, a score or more
OF women workers spoke without ces-
sation throughout the day and eve
ming. Late at night they said day
break would find them still at their
post for this 24-hour meeting Is not
to end till the polls open.
President Wilson's vote for suffrage
will be cast in Princeton.
Any mans guess, or any woman's,
was as good as any others as to how
the battle would go.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1915-10-21
CHAPTER XIV.
The Rector Knows.

The Rector Knows
Rev. Smith Boyd came down to
breakfast with a more or less hollow
look in his face, and his mother in
specting him keenly, poured his coffee
Immediately. There was the trace Of
twinkle in her eyes, which were
nevertheless extremely solicitous.
"How is your head?" she inquired.
Rev. Smith Boyd dutifully withdrew
his mind from elsewhere, to consider
that proposition justly. "All right,
thank you," he decided, and he fell
into exactly such a state Of melan-
choly, trifing with his grapefruit, as
Mrs. Boyd wished to test. She TO-
cused her keen eyes on him micro
scopically.
Miss Sargent is coming back to-
night; on the six-ten train"
There was a clatter in Rev. Smith
Boyd's service plate. He had been
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1915-10-21
CURIOUS FACT LITTLE KNOWN
But 1t is Easily Possible for One to
Boil and Freeze Water at the
Same Time.

1t is q curious fact that water may
be boiled and frozen at the same time.
The temperature at which water boils
depends simply upon the air pressure
upon it's surface. If there be a high
pressure, the water must be rendered
a good deal hotter in order that it
may boil than would be the case at a
low pressure.
In mountainous regions, where the
air pressure is a good deal lower than
at sea level, water boils easily at a
low temperature. In cooking yege-
tables that require certain degree of
heat, when the water boils before that
degree Of heat is attained, the vege-
tables will mot get done" Conse-
Quently, they must be placed in a
closed boiler, SO that the generated
steam will create sufficient pressure
for the water to boil at or beyond the
required temperature.
In the experimental proof Of this
fact the water is placed in a vessel
and the air is exhausted from above
the surface Of the water. AS the proc
ess of pumping continues the water
will boil violently, the steam CONCEAL
ing on the sides of the exhaust vessel.
If the pumping is continued for a suf-
ficient period, and the outside is cooled
below the freezing point, the water will
continue to boil and bubble until it is
frozen into snowy mass of ice.
The fact is utilized in the estimation
of the height Of mountains. Ordinarily
at sea level, where the pressure is
about 80 inches of mercury, water boils
at PIP degrees Fahrenheit. Now, if
it is noticed that at certain place it
boils a few degrees lower, the height
of that place may be easily ascertained
by the comparison with table made
out for this purpose.
In general, for every degree the boil
ing takes place under 212, a height of
about 500 feet is counted. This prin-
ciple does not, of course, apply to wa
ter alone, but is characteristic of all
liquids.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1915-10-21

awkward with his spoon, and dropped
it.
That is delightful news" he re-
turned with frank enthusiasm which
was depressing to his mother.
Mrs. Boyd had nothing more to say.
She watched her son Tod start vigor-
ously at his grapefruit, with a vi
vacity which seemed to indicate that
he might finish with the rind He
drew his eggs energetically toward
him, buttered a slice of toast, and fin
ished his breakfast Suddenly he
looked at his watch
81 have an extremely busy day be-
fore me-" he told her briskly, and feel
ing to see if he had supplied himself
with handkerchiefs, he kissed his
mother, and was gone without another
word about Gail! She could have
shaken him in her disappointment.
What was the matter with Tod?
Rev. Smith Boyd sang as he went
out of the door, not tune or any set
musical form, but a mere unconscious
testing Of his voice. 1t was quite I'M
usual for him to sing on the way to
Vedder court, for he devoted his time
to this portion of his duties because
he was a Christian. He had sympa-
thy, more than enough, and he both
understood and pitied the people of
Vedder court, but in spite of all his
intense interest in the deplorable con
dition Of humanity's weak and help
less, he was compelled to confess to
himself that he loathed dirt.
Vedder court was particularly per
feet in its specially this morning. The
oily black sediment on it's pavements
was streaked with iridescence, and
CRIME seemed to be shedding from ev-
cry point of the drunken old buildings
They even seemed to leer down at
Rev Smith Boyd, as if his being tho
only clean thing in the street were an
impertinence, which they would soon
rectify.
4 half intoxicated woman, her front
teeth missing sad her colGS.esa hair