davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1915-05-20
COUNTY COURT JURORS
Citizens Who viii Act During June
Term at Manchester

Sheriff Frederick Godfrey has mott
fed the citizens of Bennington county
who are to serve as grand or petit
jurors at the June term of court to be
held at Manchester The list is as fol-
lows:
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1915-05-20
Commissioners Notice.

". II. Roberts, Admir-.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
ONE DAY REST IN:
!, SEVEN |SLECAL
Decision In New York Court Of
Appeals Has Great Bearing
On Pending Bills. 49,.

The nationwide campaign for the
enforcement of one day rest in seven
will be greatly assisted by the favor
able decision recently handed down
by the Court of Appeals in New York
AS the highest court of New York has
thus upheld the constitutionality of
the law, it is thought improbable it.
will be seriously challenged in other
states. Bills to limit the working g
week six days are to the front in
Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Mime
sofa, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
California and Wisconsin and num-
ber of other states,
In giving this decision. the bench of
the New York Court of Appeals is
unanimous. The bench states that
such law is in. the direction of the
betterment Of public health and well
H"t tlierefore, {
which the state for it's protection and
advantage may enact and enforce -
The decision also points to the special
need for legislative protection Of the
worker in the confined atmosphere of
factories and workshops. The act
primarily applies to factories and mer-
camille establishments.
The AmericanAssociatio for Labor
Legislation which initiated legislation
for one day of rest in seven points
to- the new need of affording the
worker this protection owing to the
inadequacy of Sunday laws under mo-
dern conditions.
Many modern industries are and
must be continuous in their operation
More than Is per cent of the en-
ployes in the iron and steel Industry
as a whole and more than SO per cent
Of the blast-furnace workman were on
regular schedule of seven days a.
week, with long turn of eighteen or
twenty-four hours at the change Of
shift, stated the United States Bureau
of Labor Statistics, in it's report in
August, 1912. This means that nearly
$4,000 men, in this industry alone,
were condemed to toll week in, week
out, without respite.
Of 10000 trade-union members in
Continued On Page 2.).
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13

evitable. But these, too, are tenn
pered by environment.
The Economic Factor.
So. well recognized is this fact that
while the thought may strike lis as
semi-new, it is one that everybody
realizes You have no hesitation in
saying that there are various classes.
What are classes? They are human
beings, of various strata. They act
ually dwell on plateaus Of various
heights, according to popular and
universal conception. Why? Simply
because of the economic factor in the
lives. Of the various classes Each
takes on the color of it's class accord
ing. to it's income. The econmic factor
decides for each class the texture and
value of it's clothing, tire quality of
Its food, its place of residence, it's as
sociates, its tastes, it's amusements;
indeed, every outward aspect of life is
lived practically the same way by
each individual in each class. And the
economic factor enters more largely
into the mental aspects of the indi-
vidual than 1T does into his physical
aspects. His belonging to any of the
various classes practically determines
for him his views ON morals, ;soclol-
ogy, sim, and suffering. If you will
analyze your views, you will find that
they practically coincide with those
Of persons OF your own class. T.. =
This class feeling is so strong that
I it breaks down the mental and moral
fiber of the individual, You will note
among your own friends who have
had the misfortune or fortune to rise
Or fall from one class to another, al,
en entirely hanged set OF opinions about
every tier that vitallx concerns So
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
4,245 FATHERLESSI.
BABIES IN STATE:
Records Show AZ Per Cent Were
Born I4 Milwaukee-Big
Increase. -.

During 1911. 1912 and 1913 there
were 4,245 illegitimate children born
in Wisconsin. g.
These figures are compiled from
official sources by Mrs. Julia Kurtz
superintendent of the Martha Wash
ington home, now in Madison to ap-
pear in behalf of a bill to raise the
age of consent from IA to 18 years.
Of these illegitimate births more
than AZ per cent took place in Mil
waukee. In the year 1914 there were
324 illegitimate births in Milwaukee
an increase of SO more than the av-
erage for the three preceding years.
These figures, according to Mrs
Kurtz( show the necessity for legis-
lation increasing the age of consent.
There are Is states in which Is is
the legal age OF, consent. Wyoming
puts itssat FL ',Ehefe are only sninrs
states, and they are mostly IN the
south, in which the age is fixed at
IA.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13

the man of wealth who, has literally
starved his employees and brought
about a degenerate and subnornaal,
new generation as we do on-the' man
who has amassed O. fair competency
and at the same time given to those
working with him an honest share
of the profits Of the enterprise. We
regard with greater admiration the
so-called captain of industry who has
shot his way to tremendous riches
through the ranks Of his employees
than he who has gained economic In
dependence by an invention which
has lightened toll and sweetened lite.
New Maxim for Society. s
What we need is q saner apprecia-
ton of the facts of life. We have d
perfect right to withhold the protec-'
ton Of organized society, in. its govern
mental or legal ruhction, from one
man who is doing many of sus hurt.
The old maxim of '.the. greatest good
to the greatest number, has been. re-
cast into the idea that the powers of
government should be exercised or
withheld for the greatest good to the
least and weakest ,Eof manlxind.s J. II
this new concept breaks down r.. the
methods by which enormous fortunes
are secured, the world is>,:s better
served Great fortunes are as active
q menace in Themselves as they are. to
their possessors. They lead to great
er and greater travesties on Justice
and q more insane vision Of power by
those who control, them. They are
gold gone mad with lust Of conquest.
The owners Of such fortunes midst
have, indubitably, at some time Or the
other: crossed the line of true econ
IFomfcs, ethics, equity and the crimina1
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
CHANGING IDEAI IN SOCIETY

paired off, as it were, religion against
sin, science against disease. social JUS
tice against false economies, Iphilan-
thropy against suffering. Such is the
lineup for, the fray. q :}
Let us have a new declaration Of
war and grand mobilization I hold
that every organization We have for
good should strike blow Iat the main
offender J." !, =
Low wages and the resultant inde-
cent standard of living for a thinking
and toiling race! IT,
We should unite all our agencies of
attack in force ON this common
enemy.
The victims of sin and suffering,
disease and premature death are
merely the dead and wounded in the
great struggle for existence,
When we divide our forces into
three great battalions: those working
for better economic conditions, those
working for better social conditions;
and those working for better moral
conditions, we make monumental
blunder. Lines can not be drawn be-
tween the economic, social and moral
life Of the people,, They rise or Fall
together, and economic conditions al
ways, dominate. The creates: influ-
ence on life is produced by environ
ment.. The only factor which enters
into environment is the economic tac-
tor. The income Of family abso-
lutely determines its place OF living,
its manner Of living and it's interpre-
tation Of life. Persons will vary in
mental type, in breadth Of vision, in
clarity OF view, in outlook on life and
its hopes and estinles. That is Ia.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13

law. Tn enormous fortune is a. wrong
proved by itself. -. y
Those guilty Of economic abuses for
gain may be divided into these class
es:s Those who, by corruption and
other devious X means. secure fran
chises and special privileges Of vari-
GUS sorts to exploit entire commuai-
ties and whole sections 81. the coan-
try; the men who, by similar. meth
DDS, secure a grip upon land and
other natural resources, the common
inheritance OF all to ,selfishly exploit
the same, or hold it away from the
beneficial use Of their fellow-man;
the men who work thousands Of
other@.men In, dangerous and un-
healthful occupations, or in insanf-
tary workshops; the exploiting en-
ployers who impose upon their help
less workers long hours at wages
which will not allow for: that sweet
contentment of4mind which. makes Of
labor a joy; the man who sells de-
cayed or adulterated food; the man
who robs his own employees Of the
product Of. their toll and gives away
the money in showy sbenekacttons and
stupendous foundations; the men who
through y organizatio ions. whether they
be termed benevolent commercial.
employers or what not, combine to
coerce and browbeats other men in
their effort to organize and obtain by
concert Of action 9 just length Of
work day, decent scond ditioris and com
pensatory ages the bankers ard IL
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
FAILURE AND VICTORY

I do not believe that any man
should be compelled to join labor
union, but I think that he is morally
obligated to for these reasons:
First, as result of the activity of
the various unions in all the states we
have secured different laws on the
statute books relative to sanitation
and safety.
Second, through the activity of
labor organizations laws relative to
the protection of women and chill
dren have been secured.
Third, through the efforts of labor
unions there have been laws made for
the better education of children.
Fourth, the hours of labor have
been reduced, affording improvements
for the unorganized as well as the
organized laborers.
Fifth, wages as we'll have been in
creased.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
THIS WEEK IN THE LEGISL 4 TJLRE
FIRE. R / INSURANCE: I !! ! |. !
ExTENs|0Nk! /. KILLED
Senator Campbell's Bill to Ex-
; tend State Fire Insurance De-
feated in Senate.

The senateflast week killed senatorI
w. "A. Campbelps bill extending the
power of the state to insure county
buildings and property. The passage
Of the. bill would have meant big:
step forward, but the es1naJority Of the
senators evidently did not think the:
state was ready to branch cut into
this business. Then, again, there are
a number Of senators whose private
business would have been affected
should the bill become a law, SO It -
difficult to tell in every case just what
forces were behind the defeat OF the
bill.
Fire Insurance Expensive.
During the past FL years the people
of Minnesota have paid out $97.00O,>i
600 as premiums for fire INSURANCE..
and have received back in losses only
$55,000,000. The old line companies
do business in this state at a cost OF
81 per cent Of the amount received In
premiums.
A year and a half ago the state of
Minnesota started to insure it's own
public buildings. The cost thus Tar
has been only three per cent end in.
the year and a half of its oDGGRtioni
it has saved over $4,000. s7s. #
The Campbell bill would have per-
mitted the state to insure county
buildings and would undoubtedly
have resulted in an immense saving
to the different, counties Of the state
in insurance premiums.
Senators Jones and Peterson OF St
Louis county voted for the Campbell
bill, while Senator Adams voted
against it. Senator Griggs was absent
and Senator Healy was present but
did not vote. ..
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
LACROSSE SHOE
FACTORY TRYING
:.....:.l[OGRu|SH.UN|0|V
~ u 4
- ~~4 -s~NSr5 II u LuvI
- - II Il II
T-r-t-uyT-

:
X z~LA-CRDSSE, Wis., March 12.-
Carrying huge placards bearing the
words Locked 0nt.'..--135 men and
:Women employees n the-shee depart
cmentoff off-tl1e Il -Crosse--Rubb ber mills
paraded the main Business streets,
Monday afternoon,-+es 80 .----o-',7.
The trouble %arpse over the dis
charge of our s}loemakers, officers of
the union. The company refused to
reinstate the men on demand of the
organization, refusing to treat with
the union. 4@.-E,..,
Saturday night Manager Funk in
formed all employees in the shoe de-
partment they We're discharged. He
Offered to take back Monday, all not
affiliated with the union None of
them went back. .,,,~.. Z:
There is no dispute over wages or
Working cond itise hessonly question
at issue being the right Of the work
,ers to organize. Union members at
tribute the lockout to their joining
branch of the American Federation
Of Labor which gives them sick and
death benefits and other advantages
which the employees attempted to Sc
cure through a factory organization
In cooperation with the company,
but which the latter refused.
The mills are operating with a re-
duced force. Pickets and policemen
line the streets near the factory but
there has been no disturbance. Or
ganizer John Rae has wired Presi-
dent Gompers, of the American Fed
Grafton of Labor. for assistance in
conducting the fight. ~
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
HAS CITY FORGOTTEN
THE MAIN ISSUE?
Pass Resolutions Demanding Ex-
tensions Of st. Railway
Company.
NOTHING DONE ON
CONDEMNATION PLAN
No Move Made to Commence Ac-
tion to Take Over Electric
Lighting System.

Three years ago after the people of
Duluth had voted in favor Of the bond
issue to build an electric lighting plant
the old council in order to cover up
the real issue at stake commenced
proceedings against the street rail-
way company to annul their fran
chise.
The question now being asked is,
s.hasNfhe city forgotten the main is-
sue?' Sixty days have gone by since
the proposal to build a unit station for
lighting purposes was voted down at
a special election. The next logical
step was to start condemnation pro-
ceedings. While the sting Of defeat
was still felt by the commissioners
there was some talk Of condemnation
but after sixty days delay there has
been nothing heard in regards to
starting action.
1911 Move Over Again.
AS was done in 1911 the council is
wasting its time passing senseless res
olutions that in themselves could not
be enforced in any court demanding
extensions from the street railway
company. The company can surely
be depended upon to make extensions
to any territory where the conditions
are favorable for the operation of cars
which means that there must be a
competent source of revenue and fa-
vorable road-bed conditions.
While the city is making improve
ments on the road to New Duluth and
other suburbs it would be we'll to with
hold resolutions or requests of this
nature until such time as they can
show that such demand is reasonable
(Cnnflnnod On .paro
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13

ciety. They no longer hold the opin-
7 ions they had while a member Of an
other Glass; but consciously: or uncon-
sciously assume the mental colors and
phold aloft the class flag of their new
fellows: ~.
The point|I am trying to make is
that if those who are concerned with
social and moral betterment would
join in with those of us. wno are pri-
marily concerned with establishing
economic justice; if they would help
to force better wages, a decent STAN
dard> of living, q better environment,
more leisure and less !aborious situa-
tions, on 80 per cent of the people,
We could cut their work at least in
half. = J
| I agree with Henry Ford to this ex-
tent: That the sane and well nutured
person is instinctively good and pri-
marily honest. <Hessmay be the victim
of greed and forced to the same atti-
tude as that used tby his oppressors
but that is usually because he Is
economically powerless and forced. to
go with the tide.S> - /. E.'sr~
We should begin the new warfare
by getting our conceptions "or
straight" At present we have ven.
Grafton for wealth in this country that
has made concrete wealth supra-legal
It has usurped powers to itself that
in the course Of generations have be.
come practically 4reco cogni4ed by the
great public as belonging to It The
first principle is shown IN the Law
allowing q man to engage In q aabusi.
ness 9 and wrestS his profits not from
the business. but from what. should 3,
4 the Just earning of his employ yests
lock with as mucll spride ana envy s.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
OHIO UNIONS ACTIVE.

. COLUMBUS, Ohia, March II.
State Federation OF Labor is actively
urging it's legislative program before
the state legislature. The following
bills are being. given especial attention:
To limit the issuing of inJuncttons
in certain cases; limit Ting the hnuxn or
yinent fof ptet
lights on D-rai1s and switches; pef5
tanning to safety devices on street and
electric cars; providing for low water
claim on all steam boilers; providing;
for prison labor upon public highways:1
payment Of wages In cash; examining;
and licensing of steam engineers:s
limiting flength of freight, trains and
installing automatic fire doors in lo-I
comotives. . :. =, .:<.5Ssssss=9 ss fss#
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
BY FRANK WALSH.

A thought ocucrs to me as l look
about the world and observe the great
forces that have been created within
the last decade to work for the better
ment Of mankind. I see great organa-
cations Of men and women we'll equip
ped, thoroughly provisioned, suffi-
GENTLY financed and backed&by a NOR
al weight such as the world never be-
fore saw and has not yet realized. It
: seems to me that those of us who are
. earnest and trying to be thorough in
our efforts for better things for all,
have chance before us such as no
other portion of mankind ever before
had.
Another though, however, oc..urs to
me. and that is, that we have divided
army. A common enemy confronts
us; a solid phalanx-the allies of sin
and suffering, of disease and prema-
ture death. But look at our army. We
are dressed each in a different uni
form. Bad tactics on our par: divide
our forces We travel parallel roads.
But the movement Of our divisions
has not taken the formation we desire
We cannot make frontal attack in
force and carry by storm the common
breastworks of the enemy.
We have great organizations which
are fighting with scientific COOL
ness against disease. We have relig-
ious bodies battling zealously for a
purer life for us all: We have hosts
of women struggling for the ballot in
order to give more certain and def
: mite aid to us. We have great phil.
,anthropies engaged in an effort
d against distress. We have many ageh-
.tcies which are. making war on the
evils I of mankind. But we fight
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
WHY JOIN A UNION?

The winning side may not be right.
False principles are sometimes
strong,
And Truth has often bowed to might.
And power has made success OF
wrong. =
Therefore it's not enough to win,
A coward. seeking fame and PRIDE.
In moments of distress gives in
And weakly joins the winning side.
Real courage, seeking for the right.
Cares not what end its battles take
But gladly makes q. losing fight
For principle and honor's sake.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13

last, but by no means least, that large
class Of lickspittles<Who have little or!
nothing themselves, but side in with
and work for bad conditions, because
they get, or vaguely hope to get, 81
moiety Of the general stealage.
Worst OF All Reactionaries.
The latter class is SO large and their
combined efforts SO vitality assist an
keeping alive rotten social and indus
trial conditions, that they deserve to-
rank ahead OF several OF the divisions.
first named. They are the Oft dubbed
Little Brothers Of the Rich"--nsusl-
ly .v1sionless clerks briefless lawyers
and so-called leaders Of though s.
who ought to be buffers. and NicholaS.
Murray Butler To them every pro-
test against wrong is ''demagogics's
They ''view with alarm" the socialistics
tendencies Of our times, and the.
growing disrespects of the people for
vested rights Usually. upon meager'
salaries themselves, hopele1ly subs
merged, but submissive ana ser1ile.
they are the product OF false teachinss
mean ambition, lack 6f ,thought, per-
sonal weakness, and victims, generally
Of circumstances beyond their con-
troll. Because SO many Of Them are
not conscious Of wrongdoing IS the
only reason I have for placing I'll m
among the minor offend ers..
& Such men. as form these various
divisions are the voluntary offenders
against economic Justice and the Laws
OF the land. They make q; prof
hope to. or help to through bad
economies and violated laws,
But look ut the other side of the
economic ledger. There you will find
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13

employe to freely contract with the
public service corporation.
IT claim that unless the employees
are organized, there is no possibility
of real freedom of contract, and it is
significant that the organized men on
all the railroads have strongly ad-
vocated the passage of this bill. am
certain that the employees of the street
railway company in Duluth, who re-
ceive their wages bu4 }nce a month.
favor this bill, but ahyone who is
familiar with the conditions under
which they work would shudder to
think Of what might happen to these
employees If they dared petition the
legislature to enact this bill into law"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1915-03-13
J |! |. | {. :,
F|R0M|.l|!.AR|G|E.c||J||E /! J
Westlake Bill, Offered in Senate
Designed As Substitute for
Measure Now In Effect.
Other Bills Include State Wide
: Prohibition and One Senator. /:
:. for Each County

Exemption OF the cities of Minneap-
oils, st. Paul and Duluth from the op-
Grafton Of the county option law is de-
signed in a bill offered by Senator E.
J. Westlake of MINNEAPOLIS and re-
ferred to the senate temperance COM
mittee. The bill supersedes the county
option law recently passed. 1t re-
'peats all Of the provisions Of that
, measure.
Says It's. Not Move by Brewers.
II have not consulted any brewers
or saloonkeepers, said Senator West
lake in preparing this bill and am
not trying to square myself, for I
have taken a. consistent position on
county option all along.
Author Believes 1t VIII Pass.
This amendment exempting the
three large cities was not offered
while the county option bill was
pending in the senate or house, but
believe it will command the support
Of a majority Of the members, includ-
ing both county optionists and men,
bers opposed to the new law"
Roadhouse Bill Introduced.
Representative G. B. Bjornson has
introduced his antiroadhouse bill,
prohibiting saloon licenses except in
cities and villages.
Other Matters.
The Prohibitions evidently not sat
isfied with the County Option meas
ure are making an effort to have a
constitutional amendment submitted
to the voters of the state for state
wide prohibition. The bill made it's
appearance in the senate a week ago
last Wednesday and was fathered by
Senator P. A. Gandrud who is chair
man of the temperance committee.
The Gandrud bill is more liberal to
the saloon interests than similar
measure which created a. furore' in
the. house: . Following the precedent
set in the 5nnfy option 1aW,s;the sen
ate bill gives saloons, until July l.,
1917, before closing, if the amend
ment is ratified by the people in No.
vember, 1916. ~
One Senator Each County.
More severe than the seven-senator
bill in it's intentions against the large
counties is a proposed constitutional
amendment, offered in the senate by
F. A. hDuxbury. It limits the senate
to IS members and the house to IS,
and provides that no county shall
have more than one SENATOR