davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-10-23
SISTER: READ NY Free OFFER!


{ know her need Of sympathy and help.
Il you, my SiStef, are unhappy because Of IN.
health. Il you feel unft for household duties,
sos,al pleasures. Or daily smployment. write
free ten days tfiai Of homo treatment suited
g your needs: Men cannot understand womsn's
oU1erinoe. What We women know from OK.
petience. We know better than any naaa- want
e tai you how to cure yourself at home at =
cost 14 about ~ cents 4 week.
II you suffer- from wornenS peculiar ailments
causing ea!n Y the head: back, o. bowels. feel
falling Or displaesmsnt Of pelvic organs, causing
kidney and bladder Weakness or constipation
and piles painful or Irregular periods, catarrhal
conditions AND discharges, extrssne nsrveusnsss,
dsprsseed splrIte, melancholy, desire 20 cry,
lexen lsfth dark circle: under the eyes. pain IN
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-10-23
1916 Maxwell Hieh- Priced Ca1

Electric Starter and Electric
Lights
oenountabio Rims ~ ;.
hioh-tensIon Magnetic
"one-Inan" Mohair Top
New strean.Iins Design
Wider Front and Rear Seats
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-10-23

:s ,sSs e"s s'sns 81 e.
. -: "
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-10-23
OTHER MODELS AND PRICES

-oa POUR ohassh.
Hse6sssN SPasssasse ,.......e 80
lantau>RoatsesA $easssNssr.. =. 1tos
-on six chaso,o&
Roatstsh 3pasosasse =. 5000
Enthusiastically >passs~ss~, =, 80
oeup> <<AsssaSsr ............ 1850
LhnssssaA Reasssaese ...>.... 22so
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-10-23

Electric Horn
Double vsntIiatlns Windshield
(eIear vision and raIn.proof)
Aluminium Transmission Hous-
Ing
Robe Rail with back Of front
seat leather covered
Every feature and every rsfInsm,
PRICE T. g
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-10-23

Easy Riding and Marvellous
FIexibility
Unusual power on hills and In
0and
Abillay to hold the road At high
speed.
Improved instrument Beard
with all instruments sst flush.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1915-10-23

Handsome Rounded Radiator
and Hood
linoieum covered runnino-board
and floor.boardo
Automatic 1ell.talo on 0auao
Heat.tneated, Tested Steel
Throughout
81 cars that sell at twice lts price
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22
LINE SPRINGS.

Mrs. ]. K. Olson, of Ostrander, who
has been visiting her parents. Arnie
Arneson and wife, returned home We'd
nesday.
E. B. Carlson went to Austin on
business Tuesday.
Norman Haven entertained nun
Der of his friends at his home north
west of town Monday night.
Emma and Lena Arnsson. who have
been visiting relatives here for the
past week, returned to Austin We'd
nesday where they are attending
school.
Bertha Williams and Clarence Doll
were married in LIE Roy Sunday. This
wedding came as surprise to many
Lime Springs people, yet the whole
community extend heartiest congratu.
lations.
Mrs. o. L. Gordon and Mrs. Vim.
Huseman visited at the S. A. Mile,
home Tuesday.
John L. Owens, of Bristol, returned
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22

Joe Morvetz and wife attended church
at Protivin, Sunday.
Joe Malek Jr. sawed wood for Art.
Mrachek, Monday.
Mrs. Jacob Malek and daughter Lucy
we're Cresco shoppers, Monday.
Andrew Horn hauled a load of hogs
to Lewis Novak's for Art. Mrachek.
Joe Volkering hauled load Of hogs
for George Mackenburgh.
Art. Mrachek and family called at
the Horn home, Saturday evening.
If you are bothered very much with
habitual constipation, Indigestion, sour
stomach, sick headache or dizziness
would advise you to go to your drug.
gist and get bottle of Pc Do Lax. It
is remedy that is::especialIy prepared
for the treatment of diseases arising
from arrangements of the liver land
stomach and acts gently yet positively.
This remedy can be had at the..Market
Street Drug Co. Price so cents.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22
CHESTER.

d. n. Burnett Of Saratoga was in
Chester on business Saturday.
Henry Buresh Of Saratoga was in
Chester Saturday.
Owen Jones is recovering from his
attack of appendicitis.
F. E. Lawson spent Sunday with his
family ct Fayette.
E. d. McWilliams spent Sunday at
Postville.
E. c. Capper is clerking for w. L.
Howe.
Geo. Smith went to Minneapolis for
. few days vacation.
E. ]. Taft installed the officers of
Chester Lodge l. O. 0. F., Monday
night.
Aaron eagle and wife went to Cresco
Tuesday night to attend the installa-
ton of Cautions.
w. F. Barke returned from Farming
ton, Mimi, Saturday.
H. Cheney is very sick.
Mrs. e. l.. Barlow of Lime SPRING.
was in town Thursday.
DR.. and Mrs. Clark and W. w. Cray
and wife autoed to Lime Springs
Thursday evening to attend installa-
ton of Masons and Eastern Stars.
w. C. .Breedlove went to Cresco Fri
day. returning Monday.
Dale Smith went to LIE Roy Monday.
Mrs. Fred Baldwin was LIE Roy
visitor Monday.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22

Mrs. Glen johnson entertained COM
pany to six O'Clock dinner last Friday.
Marion johnson was on the sick list
this week.
Fife Sanborn visited in our burg,
Monday.
Bessie Smith entertained skating
party last Saturday evening.
Albert Albertson has been on the
sick list several days this week.s
frankie Lybbert is getting along
nicely with his arm which he scalded
lately.
Mrs: Geo Buchanan lis on the sick
list this week.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22

home Wednesday, after spending a
week visiting friends and relatives in
town.
George McIllace and wife entertain.
ed a party of friends at O'Clock din
ner last Friday evening.
The Presbyterian ladies aid society
met Wednesday at the home of Mrs.
S. A. Miller.
A party of Royal Neighbors went to
Chester Thursday for the purpose of
initiating nine new members.
D. l.. Owens returned Monday from
St. Louis. No., where he has been Wis.
iting friends.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22
'BONAIR.

Mrs. F. Paul, of Lime Springs, spent
Thursday with her sister, Mrs. Glen
johnson, of Bonair.
Mrs H. C. Phillips entertained the
Ladies' Aid, Friday afternoon. Had
fine attendance and lunch.
l.. E. Grabau went to Davenport,
Friday of last week, in the interest Of
American s. S. Union.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22
WEST NEW OREGON.

Clarence Huber arrived home from
Calmar, after spending two weeks with
his friends and relatives.
Quite few from this burg attended
the dance in Schley, Monday night.
Lillian Dunt came home last Friday
from q short visit at COnOver.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22
Hides Wanted.

letter, Salt Rneum and Euema
Are cured by chamberlain's Salve. One appljaD
v1o relieves the itching and bs,ruins senssiica.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22
SCHLEY.

Gertie Kapinos arrived Monday for q
weeks visit with her cousin, Mrs.
Louis Derr.
Laurence Derr. from Elma, spent
the past week visiting at the Fred
Bert keinhsTt and wife called ut the
Fred Retained home Monday night.
Fred Decker, with the assistance of
some of his neighbors, delivered hogs
at Cresco Tuesday.
Ed. Kuntz, stock buyer from Ores.
co, was caller IN our vicinity Tues
dsy.
DR.. Precious made professional
call at Fred Decker's one day last
week.
Adolph Hyke was a Cresco caller
Friday.
Ed. Cenek is shelling corn for Mike
Derr these days with his gasoline out
fit.
Joe Doherty and daughters attended
church at Lourdes Sundsy.
T. J. Hooper and wife called last
week Thursday at the Chas. Frank
home.
Mike Derr delivered oats at Cresco
Tuesday.
Joe Barnes was Cresco..caller Tues.
day.
Louis Derr called at the John
Ohmacht home Sunday.
The dance at Schley hall Monday
night was we'll attended and all report
. delightful time.
r. j. Hooner and John Ohm acht de.
lvered oats ut Cresco Tuesday.
Fred Amman, wife and daughter and
Lawrence DEER spent Thursdsy Of last
week with Mrs. Amman's folks near
Jerico.
The Henry and Fred Rethamel fsmi-
lies. Bert Reinhart, T. J. Hooper,
Oscar Ferkinsted and John Ohmscht
and wives attended the quilting party
at the Remnant home Wednesday night
Of last week.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22
A New Ford Story.


Here's new Ford story we saw,
somewhere, but have forgotten just
where. A man in California writes to-
Ford company and tells them they
should feel very much exalted for the,
reason that the Ford is the only car
mentioned in the Bible and to prove II
cites them to passage in Isaiah which,
says: "He went up into Heaven on
high" and asks what other car but .
Ford could do that.
Hides Wanted.
l will buy hides of all kinds and pay
the highest market price in cash.
Phone Davis Corners 16.
JOHN kOLIHA.
-. a q. -
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1915-01-22
COUNTY NEWS.
MAPLE LEAF,

Frank Hovy was pleasant caller at
Sunday.
Joe Krall and Pat Stevenson made a
business trip to Elma Saturday.
Louise Shimek is working for Mrs.
Frank Wacha.
Lydia Jinderlee spent one day with
her sister, Mrs. F. Wacha.
Adolph and Frank Kakac drove to
Lime Springs Monday with some hogs.
John Bronner had bee for hauling
oats last Monday Those who assisted
were Geo. Gardner, Will Jarosh, John
Aberly and John Wacha.
Visitors at Herplincks Sunday night
were Tom Armstrong, Mike Bronner,
Frank Kakac, Frank Bigley and Jim
Yak.
Frank Dvorak was basiness caller
ut Lime Springs Monday.
Elsie Bronner called on Mary Buresh
Sunday.
Born, to Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Wecha,
. daughter, Jan. 14th. Hers congratu'
lations.
The sale at John Crafts Friday was
we'll attended and everything sold well.
Frank Dvorak called on Frank Kubi-
: chek last Friday.
The big hop at Mike Bronner's Fri
day night was success and all pres
ent reported q fine time.
Born, to Mr.. and Mrs. John Drtina,
girl, Jan. 18th.
Mr.. Kadera was Maple Leaf caller
one day last week.
Jim Beran was Saratoga shopper
last Sunday.
John Wacha and Jim FAX we're Alta
Vista callers Thursday.
Tophy Herplinck was Elma caller
one cay last week.
Pat Stevenson was caller on Anton
Roman Thursday.
M. F. Bigley delivered bunch of
cattle to Jess Miles Wednesday.
The Prochaska folks were business
callers t Cresco last Tuesday.
Frank and Agnes Kubichek attended
the dance at the Stevenson place last
Tuesday.
Frank Roman was hauling straw
last week.
Thomas Armstrong has been staying
at Mike Bigley's for some time.
John Kubichek Jr., called at the
home of his father, Monday.
Joe Shimek ST., was an Alta Vista
business caller last Thursday.
Will Dinger made business trip to
Elma one dav last week.
Frank Kakac and Mrs. A. Kakac
were Elma shoppers one day last week
Frank Wacha made business call at
Elma last Tuesday.
Those who visited at the Adolph
Kakac home last Thursday were An
ton. Frank and Elsie Roman, Frank
Kubichek, Will Jarosh and Tom Cen.
ok. All report good time.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31
KNOW THY COUNTRY
II-Railroads

In discussing the commercial
achievements OF this great age. we
shall approach the subject as the
historian chronicling events. This Sc
ries will endeayor to record in writ
ing the supremacy Of American men
and industries in the worlds Affairs
and perptuate an appreciation Of our
marvellous industrial achievements by
presenting simple facts, figures and
comparisons that are overpowering in
their convictions.
America holds her proud place
among the nations of the earth today
on account of her supremacy in trans
portation facilities. The mighty minds
of the age are engaged in the prob
lens of transportation. and the great
est men in the history Of the worlds
commerce are at the head Of the
transportation systems Of the United
States.
In the discussion of transportation,
let US consider separately our Rail-
ways. Telegraph and Telephones, Ex-
press. Public Highways. Steamships.
Street Railways. Interurban and other
forms of transportation. and this ar
ticle will deal with railways.
The United States has the largest
mileage, the best service, the cheap
est rates. pays labor the highest
wages. and we have the most efficient
ly managed of the railways of the
world. They stand as a monument to
the native genius Of our marvellous
builders. and most Of the railroads in
foreign countries have been built
under American orders.
The railroads represent larger In
vestment of capital than any other
branch OF human activity. The mile
age in the United States exceeds
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31

the accepted distance from the earth
to the moon. We had in 1911, the
last year in which figures for all
countries are available, on the
earth's surface, 639,981 miles of rail-
way divided as follows: United States
241.199. Europe 207.432 and other
countries 1880. The United States
has 38 per cent of the worlds mileage.
seven per cent of the estimated pop
ulation and about five per cent Of the
area. The total capital invested in the
railways of the world Is $4,000. 000.-
900, divided as follows: United States
$13. 000.O00.000 Europe $25.650, 0O0. 900
and other countries $11,350. 0O0, 900.
Reduced to a mileage basis the cap
italization IL as follows: The world
$4,000. United States $4,000, Europe
$124,000, and other countries $4,000.
A comparison of rates is equally as
interesting and the United States
takes the lead In economy and serv-
ice. The average rate per ton per
hundred mile haul is as follows:
United States 76c, Great Britain $3.50.
France $1.44. Germany $1.44. Russia
&c, Austria Hungary $3.50. Italy $3.50
and Switzerland $2.82.
The average yearly pay Of all rail-
road employees In the principal coun-
tries is as follows: United States
$751;. Germany 1892, Italy $345. Aus
tria 1922. Great Britain $279. France
$3.50 and Russia 1904.
About 30 ger cent. or $4,000 miles,
of the railways of the world are
government owned About half the
railway mileage of Europe Is govern
ment owned.
A comparison Of the economy. In
time and money and the convenience
in travel. win be made In . later
article.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31

who ordered the warning made
public. 1.-The Bob White does
great execution whenever hordes
of the army worm start desolat-
ing an agricultural community
and should be protected instead
of hunted.
The Conservation Commission
states that farmers who act in
this way do much to protect their
crops, especially alfalfa, corn and
the sorghums.
The entomologists of the De-
partment of Agriculture advise
the commission that when the
army worms first appear they
are very small and feed beneath
matted grass, etc., and are hard
to detect.
The fall army worm is nearly
black when young, but as it
grows rapidly it ultimately at
tains a length of about an inch
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31
coLFAx PARISH La. SATURDAY, JULY st. 1915

and a half. At this stage the
body is brown with lengthways
stripes of dull yellow.
Where a cornfield shows the
presence of the army worm the
Department of Agriculture rec
ommends busting the plants with
powdered arsenate of lead, using
3 to 5 pounds per acre, mixed
two or three times it's weight of
flour. This precaution is, of
course, out of the question on
forage crops or on corn after
wards to be used for fodder on
account of the danger of poison
ing the stock.
In such cases a hundred pounds
of wheat bran may be mixed
with a couple of pounds of Paris
green or arsenate of lead and the
whole worked into a stiff dough
by the use of 3 or A gallons of
molasses and the juice of half a
dozen oranges or lemons added.
If this is sown broadcast on the
ground where the worms are at
work they will feed on it and be
killed. The worms, it has been
found, will come to the poisoned
bait from distances Of from five
to ten inches.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31
Grant to be Represented at Short Course
Bank of Colfax Will Pay Weeks Expenses of Seven
Boys at Natchitoches During Week of
August GA.

The Rural Training Depart
ment of the State Normal at
Natchitoches will hold a Farmer
Boys Short Course during the
week of August 9th to 18th. The
Experiment Station, the United
State Department of Agricul-
ture, and the Junior Extension
Department of the State Univer-
sity will send agricultural experts
to teach us such fundamental
subjects as butter making on the
farm, feeding hogs in connection
with boys pig clubs, canning
vegetables in connection with the
canning clubs, raising poultry,
selecting seed corn, inoculating
hogs, grading hay. standardizing
farm produce, etc. For amuse-
ments there will be illustrated
lectures, band concerts, moving
pictures, baseball games. and
swimming in the salt water pool
at the Normal.
The Bank of Colfax thinks this
will be a very profitable week
for any farm boy, especially a
club member who is growing an
acre of corn or a prize pig. They
have enough faith in the value
of such a trip that they asked
the Parish Demonstration Agent,
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31
Deadly Fall Army Worm Headed for
Louisiana.

Deadly Fall Army Worm Headed for
Louisiana.
The fall army worm, which
was reported recently in Southern
and Central Texas, has begun its
march north and has now appear
ed in Western Louisiana, is the
warning made public by the Con-
servation Commission of Louisi-
ana. What it's spread this year
will be has not az yet been COM
piled by the u. S. Department of
Agriculture, but the Federal Of
flee informed the State commits
sion that the worms natural en-
'emies, the birds, are not sufici-
emily abundant in Texas this
year to keep it down.
The army worm originates in
the very southern portion of Tex
as, at Brownsville, near the Mex
lean border, and from this point
spreads northward in fanshape, :"
said President M. L. Alexander.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31

The result of the canvass showed 327
votes for Brian and S76 votes for Teal.
and it appearing that of the 70S ballots
cast C. H. Teal had received the clear
majority of 49 votes, on motion of w.
P. Deem, seconded by J. B. Lyman and
unanimously carried. the following res
olution was adopted:
RESOLUTION.
Whereas. as provided by resolution
Of the Democratic Executive Committee
of the parish of Grant, of date June
80, 1915. and pursuant to law, pri-
mary election for the selection of can
didate for delegates to the proposed
Constitutional Convention was held on
the 9th day Of July, 1915, and
Whereas, it appears from the returns
of the said primary election that the
following duly qualified elector was
nominated as candidate for delegate to
the said proposed convention:
C. H. TEAL.
Now, therefore. be il resolved by the
Democratic Executive Committee of
the parish of Grant, That the person
hereinabove named be and he is hereby
declared to be the nominee by the Dem
occratic party of the said parish as del
egate to the said Constitutional Con-
vention to be voted for at the general
election to be held on August 81, 1915,
and the Secretary of State is hereby
authorized and directed to cause the
name of the said candidate to be print
ed on the official ballots.
There being no further business the
committee adjourned subject to call Of
the chairman.
A. A. DEAN,
H. G. GOODWIN, Chairman.
Secretary.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31
Catarrh Cannot Be Cured

with LOCAL APPLICATIONS. as they
cannot reach the seat Of the disease. Ca
tarrh II q blood or constitutional disease.
and In order to cure 1t you must take in
ternal remedies. Halls Catarrh Cure Is
taken internally. and acts directly upon
me 1ne nlSoG ana mucous suriace; ,..l naii :
was prescribed by one of the best ply
sicians in this country for years and Is
a regular prescription. 1t Is composed Of
the best tonics known. combined with the
best blood purifiers. acting directly on the
mucous surfaces The perfect combina-
ton Of the two ingredients Is what pro-
duces such wonderful results in curing
eatarrh. Send for testimonials. free.
F. j. CHENEY q CO., Props. Toledo. o.
Sold by Druggists price 15c.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31

Parish Sunday School Association.
The Parish Sunday School As
ISOLATION holds its annual con-
vention in the M. E. Church
at Pollock, on Sunday and Mon
day, August l and 2, and all Sun
day school workers of the parish
are expected to be there and join
heartily in its work. The Sun
day school has grown in interest
so much in the last few years
that it has become an impera-
tive duty of the Sunday school
workers to have some such or
ganization as the parish associa-
ton in order that the workers
may keep abreast of the times.
The organized Sunday school
movement of which the parish
association is a part has given
the world a new conception of
the Sunday school idea and arous-
ed an interest never before
known. It has planted in the
workers a noble discomfort with
many of the old ways Of doing
things, and inspired them to seek
improvement in every direction.
1t has aroused the denominations
to vie with each other in a friend
ly but vigorous effort to surpass,
not each other but themselves in
Sunday school work. it. has
quickened pastors, stimulated SUI
perintendents, encouraged teach
ers and translated the Sunday
school so that the church is be-
ginning to understand it. Many
Sunday schools now keep open
the year round which formerly
closed in the winter because of
the work of this movement. In
fact if the Sunday school is any
better or more popular now than
in the days of our grandfather
it is due very largely to the or
ganized Sunday school work.
The Sunday school workers of
Pollock are preparing through
the local committee of entertain
ment. of which Mr.. O. w. Stew
art is chairman, to care for all
visiting delegates during the
convention, and if there are any
schools or persons who have not
sent their names in as delegates
and will now do so. provision
will be made for their entertain
ment.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31

Mr.. Benton, to select a good de.
serving boy from each ward ano
they would pay his entire ex.
penses for the trip. The Bank
realizes that the only permanent
way to benefit farming conditions
in our parish is to give our young
people better training in agricul-
ture from a scientific standpoint.
Hence, their liberal policy in
sending seven boys from our par
ish on such pleasant and profit
able trip.
Mr.. Benton is not able at this
season, to base his selection on
yields but has chosen from each
ward, a member of either the
corn club or the pig club, or both,
who has a good crop or a good
pig that he has grown himself.
He has tried to select the boy
who has the right attitude with
a willingness to work and a de-
termination to make good in bet
ter agriculture.
The following are his selec-
tons:
Augustus Hodnett, of Colfax;
John Davis, Pollock; Hugh Fair
cloth. Colfax; Roy West, Pollock;
Donley Westberry, Georgetown;
Richard Roberts, Aloha; Owen
Fletcher, Montgomery.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1915-07-31
Teal Nominated for
Convention Delegate
Count by Democratic Committee
Shows Brian Lost by 49
Majority.
Colfax, La. July 20, 1915.

The Grant Parish Democratic Com
mittee met at II a. m. this day to can
vass. tabulate and promulgate the re-
turns of the election held July 81, with
the following members present: A. A.
Dean, chairman, H. G. Goodwin, Rich
ard Newton, w. P. Deem, Joe Ferrier
and j. B. Lyman.
The returns received by the chair
man were opened and the votes cast at
each precinct for constitutional dele
gate were counted and tabulated. as
follows.