Judsonia weekly advance., 1915-08-11
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than like plates made without the of vana- dium. No immediate results, however, followed the French tests, owing perhaps to the fact that at this time adequate supply of vanadium was in sight About four years later Prof. J. 0. Arnold of Sheffield in address before the Brit ish Iron and Steel institute declared that vana- dium was the master weapon of the steel metal lurgist. At this time price of vanadium alloy was very high and the supply uncertain The greatest advances, however, made in the use of vanadium in the steel industry have followed the experiments and practical applications of J. Kent Smith of Liverpool MT. Smiths work has been principally in the production of the various grades of vanadium alloys, and he has supervised personally the initial use of yanadium in most of the leading steel mills of England and the continent and in The United States.
 About 1905 the supply of vanadium began to increase to large degree, due to the purchase of the Minas Ragra deposits in Peru by the American Yanadium company, also to the devel- opment of mines in other parts of Peru, Spain and elsewhere. From having been a rare metal, owing to the large output, it became available ill quantities claimed to be unlimited as steel making element. The claims made by its users are that it has accomplished wonders in crueible steel and in open-hearth steel. that it gives cast iron greater strength and endurance, and that copper and aluminium are reE @5ly improved for certain purposes by it's addition. It is used in steel for engine aXles and frames in trans mission shafts and gears, in wire springs, in piston rods hydraulic cylinders tires tools, boiler plates, bolts, gun shields, projectiles, armor plates gun barrels, watch springs, and in cast ings and forgings generally.
 The claim is made that in steel making it untes with the nitrides and oxides, and carries them into the slag The quantity of vanadium that will remain in the slag is in proportion to the amount of scavenging thus done by it. In welldeoxidized steel it is said that the scaveng' ing will consume about one-fifth of the yana- dium.
 The alloy, ferrovanadium is introduced into the steel by a very simple process. In the cruci- ble process the alloys are broken into small bits and put into the charge with the second addition of the manganese. In the acid open hearth proc the alloy in larger pieces is dropped into the bath when the flame has been banketed In the basic openhearth practice the alloy, broken small is run through spout that empties into the ladle in which the molten steel is being poured A similar method is followed in the Bessemer and Tropenas practice and also in the cupola process for cast iron. In the latter the alloy is crushed quite ine
 It is claimed that vanadium increases largely the resistance of metals to vibratory disintegra- ton, that the steel is stronger and tougher and tempers uniformly and to greater depth than steel without vanadium One of the prin- cipa advantages in the of vanadium steel in the future will doubt be that it will enable the steel man to reduce weight in such constructions as locomotives, cars machinery, etc, through the use of a smaller amount of the stronger and tougher steel The question of weight has be- come serious not only in locomotives but in other forms of machinery. Another great economy claimed for vanadium steel is its greater dura- bility If this be established, it would of itself moro than justify it's more extensive use.