davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
Doesn't Give
 Oarsn1en Athletic Heart

nR ROGER L LEE, professor of hy- giene at Harvard. with pr. E. L. Young, IT,: the surgeon to the Harvard crews. and Dr. Wallace J. Dodd, roent- genolog1st. has undertaken series of studies on Harvard graduate and un- dergraduate athletes in an effort to prove or disprove the frequent asser- ton that rowing has the effect of en- larging heart of the average male athlete who goes in for this strenuous sport
 pr. Lee selected three groups of men for his experiments. and in his first squad he had sixteen candidates for the freshman crew. The sixteen most promising men on the varsity squad, including practically the varsity and second, formed Dr. Lees second group. while the third group was made up of ten graduates. all of whom had rowed four mile races in college
 The doctor found that the hearts of the older athletes were slightly larger than those of the younger athletes in the first group, but in regard to this circumstance pr. Lee expressed the opinion that this difference in the size of hearts was no more than normal. in men of greater age and development. and therefore could not be laid to any results from rowing competitions In his report Dr. Lee says:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
When the Alabama Sports Editor
 Put Good One Over on Ty Cobb
Photo by American Press Association.

fTEX COBBSis not the ".beat ball player
 on earth" He has6orfeftedthatt title to an unknown bush leaguer from Ala bama- He knows it and the '-unknown's knows 1t, but the story has never been told Imprint.
 A- few seasons ago ny Cobb toured the south as one of the heroesin s~The College Wiapw. He was billed to ap- pear at fl4e s'Ieading theaters in the Magic City of Alabama that city be- ing Birmingham Allen G. Johnson, sports editor and dramatic critic of the News. thought he would have Cobb act as sports editor during his stay in the city,. He wrote to the Widows press agent, and the actor at once accepted the job. Cobb wassrushed to the city room. where hia -editorship" consisted of the dtctat1on of story asserting that the Detroit Tigers would win the next seasons American league pen ant and the approval of a black ~streamer~ across the sports pages an nouncing that Cobb was the News sports editor.
 That day the neWsboys could not stop looking at Cobb long enough to sell papers. Ty was the biggest thing in Birmingham and he knew. it.
 But the managing editor of the News
 
 that the public should not be asked to pay $2 to see an actor who was only 8 baseball player. He expressed his belief to the sports and dramatic edi- tor. instructing him to review Cobb,s htstrtonfc performance and to forget that this actor was 400 hitter
 Actor Cobb batted his cues that night well enough to get curtain call at the end of the second act. In his speech he admitted that he liked the shouting from the bleachers better than the applause from the galleries. The sports editor, then dramatic editor, en- deavored to view the whole perform arce from the angle of the theatrical critic. His review was harsh, and it did not euIogize Tyrus as matinee idol
 Cobb got as far as Detroit before the News office. Then from the Tigers lair came a scorching letter .'Your criticism is beneath my notice," Cobb wrote 'sbut just want you to see what a few real critics say about my work tcHppinss inclosed3.
 q am a better actor than you are. 8 better sports editor than you are, a better dramatic critic than you are make more money than you do and ] know am better ball pIayer-so Ulzyz should interiors criticise supe- riors2~
 The critic wrote back: .T admit that you are a better critic. actor. sports editor and money maker than am Mr. Cobb but refuse to admit that yous are a better ball player. I have seen you play ball and know what you oRwE aaa hat you have never seen me in
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
A TIM huRsr. -sToRY.

TTHE late Tim Hurst. famous as a
 baseball umpire and boxing referee, was honest, fearless and witty. He was wont to meet and overcome emergen- cies with wftticisms which made for him friends everywhere.
 His honesty as an athletic official was 1nquestioned throughout his career. and he was most strongly stirred when everga spectator at ball game or box ing contest inferred that a decision of his was made for the purpose of <bene- fitting one or the other of the conz testants. sssssss&zasses
 Perhaps no act Of his more iconplete- ly illustrated his honesty and certain Iy no act made him more friends than when. at a time early in his career as a boxing referee, he off1ciated in a bout where his brother was one of the con- testants. The bout. went on evenly un- til the very last round. when the man opposing Hurst's brother secured a slight lead over the latter There would not have been murm UT from the crowd if he had called the bout a draw at it's close. but Tim. without a moments hesitation. stepped to the corner of his brothers opponent and fraised his hand as the winner.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18

TT seems probable that when the final
 review of the season of. the present year of grace on the American lawn tennis courts is compiled by the off, cial historians it will be written down as chiefly remarkable for the general development of a great number of players.
 Numbers are beginning to find the exercise and excitement, the exhi1ara- tions and the joys, of the fine direct competition which the game affords. The Davis cup matches have proved of rare educational value. Many, hither- to skeptical. have come to realize that physical endurance of the highest type is as much required in the sport of the courts as on the football field. in the varsity crew or in the boxing ring.
 An instance of what that physical test means was illustrated some time back on the courts of the Morristown Field club, where Miss Molla Blur stedt. the girl from Norway who has held attention focused on her remark able playing for several months. at last yielded to the collapse of strained and tired muscles Miss Bjurstedt is no Weakling.
 Those who have seen her in action attest to that, and also the long line of opponents who have met defeat at her hands. The daughter of vikings seem ed possessed of constitution of iron and steel springs. Her vigor and amazing vitality made her star per former in any tournament, and every club of any prominence eagerly sought her entry or her appearance in spe- cial match
 The path Of the lawn tennis 'prima donna" is not exactly strewn with roses It is the same way with the men who have won laurels the courts. Pressure is brought to bear pearance of the star on various actually engaged in another match to refuse The physical strain is terrific, and at last the willing player snaps dealing of hammerfng blows with the racket, just as Miss Bjurstedt has. The paths to glory in lawn tennis lead to exhaustion due to too much competi- ton and an excess of entertainment Miss Bjurstedt is no exception to the rule. Maurice E. Mclaughlin. Miss Sutton, Beals Wright at the height ot his career and others who have worn the purple of the courts have all ex- perienced the trials of the physical de- mands which the game makes upon those who follow it closely and whC rise to it's greatest heights.
 AS the ever increasing numbers o1 players learn that real physical condi- tion plays an important part in tennis that 1t will be a severe test for the trained athlete. it has grown in favor One of the things that has directly handicapped the growth of the game
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18

"The difference was rather striking on casual inspection A given fresh man may be as tall or weigh as much as the varsity man or graduate, but he is usually, obviously. not so well devel- oped or muscIed zFrfzf lFs -7C z4rEsr
 'fIn point of age the freshmen aver aged 1S.6 years. the varsity 20.37 years and the graduaxes 28.3 years. It is difficult to draw any definite conclusions from the study of such a small group of cases. There may be damage to the heart in other ways than actual en- largen1ent. The present study does not bear upon that point
 "The size of the heart in every way was nearly the same in the candidates for the varsity crew. who averaged twenty years, and in the graduate oars- men. all of. whom had continued active, competitive rowing since leaving col lege and who averaged twenty eight years.
 ''It is impossible to reconcile this striking fact with the supposition that prolonged participation in rowing en- larges the heart
 ''In other words. no evidence has been discovered in the study of this group of forty-two cases that would tend to show that the present system Of inter collegiate rowing, with a four mile race and with a long preliminary training period. causes any permanent damage to the heart partictflarlys
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
1915 PROVES GREAT YEAR FOR
 DEVELOPING TENNIS PLAYERS

fort put forth in it's accomplishment. To allow too long. a rest period before the final and deciding set can only be to favor the old campaigner. the great general, as against her more active and less seasoned antagonist.
 In other words, to allow period of rest wherein the tired player could re- justice to the younger exponent, who. by her own untiring efforts, had gain ed just this advantage and, had to sit around and see it vanish during the seemingly interminable time allowed for the other player to get ready for the critical set. If player cannot win in straight sets her condition is not good enough to let her win in three; then she must either get in better con ditfon or allow the younger and more athletic player to reap the benefit of her long training and perfect physical condition.
 Larned retired from the national be- cause he had to play through the lowed sufficient rest between the sets he still might be the champion. This was not even thought of. and so Mc- Loughlin came into his own To allow all kinds of time for rest in the wom- ans national event would be a step In the wrong direction and savor very distinctly of favoritism to that body of older players who, while still truly slkilIful, have lost the spring and dash of youth. We need to encourage the young new players, not discourage favor of a select few would not be the thing to foster playing among the growing champions of the next few years.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
JOHNSON AND ScHANG VALUA-
 BILE BALL PLAYERS

WALTER JOHNSON of Washington
 and Waffle Schang of PhtIadel- phia. playing on the same club, would come pretty close to forming whole nine in themselves. Johnson is the king of pitchers. and Schang is a re- markab1e catcher: but, unlike most star specialists. they possess other vir- tues.
 schang has played four different po- sttions for the Athletics already this season and may play more before the year dies. He's worked behind the bat, at first base. at third base and in the outf1eId and worked well. Besides. he's the clubs cleanup hitter-an add ed responsfbility-and on the paths he's fast, very fast, for a catcher
 Johnson trnpresses as much with his hitting as with his pitching. and Man ager Griffith is beginning to be in- pressed the same way. The other day Grin played Johnson in the outfieId and used him in the cleanup role. Johnson had a perfect day at bat. get ting two hits. sacrificing and walking And every now and then Johnson is sent in as pinch hitter.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18

in this country has been the use or the word love- in the score as a synonym for nothing.
 It has furnished the peg on which to juniors, the actual opportunity to see
 the great players in action and to know
 that it is no sbaby game" has resulted in bringing crowds to the courts. few of whom will ever find their names on the ranking list The park commits sfoners of the various cities all over the country state that the demand for play ing space has grown to be a serious problem. They are meeting it as best they can,
 for the thousands who participate on the courts of the parks and at the i great number of public courts now be- ing laid out in every available. vacant l lot and where a charge of so much | per hour is made for the use of the court has become such a vast army as | to cause the list of club and tourpa- i ment players to be insignificant by
 comparison.
 Strange it may seem, the west Is completely outstripping the east in l the rapid development of the game. l One of the prominent manufacturers l told the other day of the tremendous | demand for implements of the sport throughout the west manufactur-
 ing si1versmith has been kept busy | turning out cups and trophies which
 are to be competed for in tournaments l in Colorado. Montana and Rocky Noun
 tain states
 Robert D. Wrenn, president of the l national association, awoke to the po- sition that the west is taking when he 1 received deIuge of applications for | the eastern states team to stop over
 for special matches on it's way to the
 Pacific coast
 So great has become the interest in l some sections that important neWspa- i pers made offers to the national asso- l ctation to defray all the expenses of | the team, which will include R. Norris l Williams 2d, the national champion, if 1 the team would stop at their city for | matches of day two
 Not long ago a movement was start 1 ed by some of the tennis players to change the rule and allow fifteen min
 utes' rest after the second set. It is
 not definitely stated who was behind l this molten, but It can be fairly well guessed. What action the executive
 will take on the question can hardly be
 foreseen now. but it is to be hoped that | they will be chary in, making new rules
 which will. prove advantageous only to 1 the chosen few against the many. | Lawn tennis is an athletic pastirne.
 and the athletic end of it must not be
 too much suppressed even among the
 ranks of the fair sex. Condition is one Of the factors in tennis and not the | least of them, and good condition is surely worth some reward for the ef-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
WALTER JOHNSON AND " COBB STAND OUT
 AS THE BEST PLAYERS IN AMERICAN LEAGUE

twentv-seven With a graceful swing of his arm the big hurler from Kansas can send baseball through with the speed of Krupp gun
 Tyrus Raymond Cobb has had splen- did success as la batsman against all the American league pitchers save w. Johnson. This man they call the "Georgia Peach has mauled the curves of about every other finger in the league. slammed them almost at will. He has fattened his batting average off the hurling of that mighty red man from faroff Minnesota, Chief Bender, and has hit the terrible crossdre de- livery of the great Edward Plank. and this foxy Plank used to be sore pug gle to almost all the expert left hand ed batsmen of the American league, but he failed to puzzle the great Cobb g Just one hurler has held the whip hand over this demon batsman-only one. When the tall lad known as the Idaho Wonder" began operations against Ty Cobb back in August. 1907. he was as green as the new mown hay. and his very first game in the big league was against the Tigers and Ty rus Cobb. Tn three times at bat Cobb failed to make safe hit In fact Johnson allowed the lad from Georgia only four hits in the first twenty four times at bat. This was rather dis couraging to the gentleman from Roy ston. Ga-.s and he has had rather dis couraging time of it ever since. for the Idaho Wonder has been a hard prop osition for T. Raymond to solve
 Walter Johnson has faced Cobb in the capacity of pitcher just 133 times in eight seasons and of that many times at bat the champion batsman of the American Ieague-and the world has been sent back to the bench 1o9 times hitless and cheerless. the gentle man from the south failing to swat the ball in his usual bIithesome manner when facing the consistent MT. John son. So the modest and retiring Wal ter has the honor of being about the only hurler to hold the fiery Cobb in subjection.
 In the 133 times that Cobb faced the Washington star he made. thirty one base hits. and just six of the hits were better than singles, consisting of three doubles and three triples These f1g- ures would give Cobb batting aver age for the eight seasons he has mairs- tained calling acquaintance with MT. J ohnson of -233. These figures do not in clude Johnson's recent game against the Tigers. in which Ty got three. hits sn four times up.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
EXPERT BELIEVES PART BONUS AND STRAIGHT SYSTEM
 FOR PLAYERS WILL BENEFIT BASEBALL IN GENERAL

A PART bonus and part straight sal- ary system in the baseball players contracts would do much to correct some of the present salary injustices of baseball
 At the present time many magnates are bewailing the fact that some of their stars. who are drawing fat sal
 aries under long term. tronclad con
 tracts. are not giving their best efforts.
 while some of the young players who are outbatting and outf1eIding the vet
 erans are bowling, because they are tied to contracts that call for only one
 half or one-thtrd of the salary that is
 paid to the high priced shtrkers. This condition could be remedied for all time by paying to each player fix ed salary of small amount each year and putting a schedule of bonuses in his contract which would enable him
 to get paid for what he really is worth.
 One suggestion. concretely. is this:'
 Fix standard salary for each play
 CT somewhere around $1.s00 or $2.O00
 year. which sum the player is to get no matter how his work shows up. I Then arrange a bonus system that is applicable to each branch of base ballers. 5e;,
 In the case of pitchers. bonus of $I0O0 could go to all pitchers. finishing
 
 better, $1.500 bonus money to the men | winning 60 per cent of their games. | $2 GOO bonus to the2men winning two thirds of their games, $3,00O bonus to men winning three-fourths of their games, s4.oO0 bonus to men finishing l with a mark above .75O. In this way pitcher would get paid for what he. did during the present
 season-not on his record of several
 seasons before. And in this way kid pitcher would have as fair chance to
 get big money as the veteran. All the
 kid would need to do would be to win
 games. Pitchers could be given a small bo- nus for batting and fielding above a certain amount. but should not be al- I lowed to figure in the general bonus of bother players for fielding and batting. 1 Outf1elders inffefders and catchers
 could be guaranteed s2, GOO year and
 would. earn their bonuses by their field l fngsa batting stunts. Here Is sched- <ule of bonuses that is suggested fol l1.-. =
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
HUGHES HAD T0IiGH LUCK
He Couldn't Fan Baker, and ]. Franklin
 Hit Homer.

re CouIOh,E Fa an Baker, ana 1s Franklin
 Hit a Homer.
 WHERE may have been many ball
 games lost by the breaks Of luck going against one side or the other at the critical stage of game, but 1t is. questionable whether baseball records worse luck than Tom Hughes the old Washington pttcherg ene ountered while apparently pitching his team to its eighteenth consecutive victory in the spring of 1912.
 The game was played in Philadelphia. and the score stood 1 to 0 in favor of the Nationals in the last half of the ninth. There were two men out and Baker was at bat Hughes worked two strikes him. and then sent a fast one through the middle of the plate. which Baker foul tipped. The ball struck Henry's big mItt. but fell out and on the very next ball pitched Baker hit for a home run over the right Held fence. tying the score. while Strunk. who followed him in the batting order rolled a little grounder to Hughes and was out at first
 The game was won by the NIackmeu in the tenth Hughes planes himself for allowing Baker to hit '.I had no right to take any chance with him at that stage and should have walked him and pitched to SErunk.'. Hughes after ward said. But that, of course WaS second thought after the EAne-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18

the champion batsrnan of his league and. for that matter. the whole world The same can be said about MT John son in his profession as hurler.
 MT. Cobb is a southern gentleman. tall fair and, slender-that Is. he looks slender, but his looks are deceiving. for the scales tell us that he weighs about I8o pounds. The hurlers of the Arneri- can league are inclined to believe he weighs more than that from the man. ner in which he lands on their curves MT. Waiter Johnson. is also tall and fair. but not very slender. In fact. he is. a powerfully built young man. and Walter is young. having just turned
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18

TT 1s now eight seasons that Walter
 Johnson has been pitching baseball to all batsmen of both high and low de- gree in the American league And it was eight seasons ago that the great Walter first began to devise ways and means to prevent a certain MT. Cobb from swatting the above mentioned baseball How well he has succeeded this tale will tell
 These two athletes are considered the greatest ball players in the circuit dominated bE B. B. Johnson-that is. in sfheir respective positions. Cobb's record proves conclusively that he is
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18

cry stolen base. s5 for each player par, ticipating in double play and S25 for each player participating in a triple play. Outfielders could be give an ex- tra S5 or s10 for every man thrown out at the plate or at one of the bases and catchers could be given a small bonus for every man thrown out in an at- tempt to steal base. -9E
 A bonus system of this sort would spur the players on to greater endeav- or They. would know that only by hustIing would they grab off a big sal- ary. There wouldn't be any IoafI1gs Every man would play every minute ot the time.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18

n'is money. but if he feIded only 300 he would be subject to a deduction of $25o from the bonus earned in batting.
 If a player didn't earn any bonuses and hit and felded below the minimum no deductions are to be made as the s2.o00 straight salary would be immune from deductions.
 With the bonus system in operation an inf1elder who hit for 1925 and field ed -965 would get $2.00o bonus for bat ting and $1.00O bonus for fielding, mak- ing total salary of 5000. That sys- tenn seems to be a fair one
 Bonuses also could be arranged whereby a player would get s5 for ev-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
CONNIE MACK PLANS FOR THE "A EIF-rE3R

EoNNIE MACK IS esssxeral years
 ahead of other major league man agers in that he realizes that the only way to get a winning ball team Is to develop his own youngsters Connie has started building up from the ground. Every morning he has nearly twenty five young fellows at his ball park. watches them in action and in structs them how to correct their faults.
 The squad of youngsters is made up of players from colleges and inde- pendent teams. and Mack has not the slightest doubt that in due time he will have developed a lot of players of class
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18
SLOW INFIELp HELPs ROTH.

SLOW INFIELD HELPS ROTH. MANAGER MACK of the PhIladel-
 phia Athletics says that the pe- cuIiar slow infield on the Chicago White Sox park enables Roth. the Mil waukee recruit, to play great ball at third base at home. but that he is helpless on a fast diamond This ac- counts, for iRow1and,s continual switch ing of third sackers- While on the road Roth plays in the outdeld, but re- turns to third base when the team is at home.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18

action on the diamond. Therefore now ctallenge you to a game at Rick wood field. the Birmingham Southern league ball ground. July 4. for the championship Of the world. If you do not appear to play me will claim the championship by forfeit"
 Cobb never replied. Johnson. the critic and sports editor claims the ti- tie ''best ball player on earth to this
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1915-08-18

A penalty system could be so that a player who batted under a minimum figure or who fielded under a minim um figure would suffer for deductions from the bonus earned in the other depart ments. For instance. if a player hit 2e5 he would be entitled to $1,000 bo-