davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

point of being willing to sing Nes.o
songs in the presence Of white people
White mipstrels with black faces nave
done more than any other single agen
Nv to lower the tone Of Negro music
and cause the Negro to despise HE
own songs.
R. Nathaniel Dett. director OF vocal
music at Hampton, says:
There is no more lamentable ten
dency among certain people than the
disposition either to despise Negro
folk songs altogether or else use then'
as means of race caricature; neither
is there any practice that should OF
more condemned. America has nc
more valuable heirloom. from a MS
torical, traditional or musical stahu
point than these folk songs. For TINS
reason it should be the duty OF all. es
pecially of Negro musicians. to 90 ev
erything possible to bring the songs
in their proper and full appreciation
Negro music has suffered sufficiently
already through ragtime and popular
Ministries, and any further attempt tc
keep Negro music on this low leve'
should be met with the indignant pro
tests of all serious-minded people.
1T is imperative, in my opinion
for people who are sincerely interest
ed in the Negro and his one unmistak
able contribution to American CIVIL
cation to use every opportunity to dig
Nifty the music Of this people. not
merely by encouraging the Negro tc
sing his folk songs in their truly beau
tiful primitive form. but also by en-
couraging him to show their ssibilt
ties for use as themes for anthems
oratorios and even operas. This Will
do more than anything else to dignity
them in the estimation of educated
Negroes. "-Southern Workman.
Success depends upon ability tc
do something useful, to perform sore
kind of service that the world wants
Teach the Negroes how they may bes,
help themselves; then no one will
need to help them"
Such is the kernel Of the teachings
OF Booker T. Washington, who was
born slave and died the leader Of
his race.
He did more than any other one
man to solve the race problem of the
South, and he devoted his energies tt
educating his people m the practica
and industrial pursuits of life. The
message which for 80 years he ex
pounded was that the Negro should
learn to work skillfully. to acquire
property, own his land. drive his owl
mule hitched to his own wagon, mill
his own COW, raise his own crop anG
keep out Of debt. .1.L.
That was the doctrine that tool
form at Tuskegee, school that /:
nothing short of a mammoth labora
tory in which race problem is being
worked out, public service institu
ton developed by man who was borr
in bondage and whom three presi
dents of the United States calico
their friend, whom university presi
dents spoke of as ''confrere," and tt
whom Andrew Carnegie once ap
piled the phrase-"The combined
Moses and Joshua of his people,"
Washington was born in Franklin
county, Virginia, in 1858 or 1S59-h,
was not sure of the date or the place
and of his ancestry he knew almos
nothing. My mother" he once wrote
Il suppose attracted the attention O.
a purchaser who was afterward m,
owner and hers. OF my father | know
even less than my mother. do no.
even know his name."
When freedom came through Lin
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

Watering places were popular "a.
sorts for females IN biblical timos ~
bekah got her husband at one -
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

There are S,s17.271 persons in the
Is German, -, .. T.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

There d 4 difference betva.n -.
sins boarders and having boardar.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

Until you have discussed the mat.
70, win your wife, you are likely to-
believe woman has good taste,
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

A PENNSYLVANIA inventor has patent
Gu nail puller the jaws of which
nave graduated series of serrations
TO engage nails Of different sizes.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

9 A mans interest In controversy
ceases when he has told his side Of
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

The first thing a young man learns
at college is how little his parents
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

Breakfast seldom attracts a fash,
ionable audience and never one that IL
enthusiastic.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

People who do things can arord to-
Jet others do the talking.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

w ", Alr castles are built 81 founda-
ton Of impossibilities .s Il Il
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

study. BY arranging his books in a
small car which operated on his study
table they arranged themselves in a
certain order and were placed before
him 1t q stated time by the move
ment of the clock.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

Music isn't necessarily broken be-
cause It comes in pieces.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

A-wasted opportunity comes home
to roost. a.,
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

Ike 4 good thing. 81 s-s'53 3s. On
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

There is at j. one thing women
can DO that men can't-and that is, "a v
"good.by" gracefully. ,
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

u. I. A. "a We state University 81 ID. J,
ealcssd students are 4 attendance !
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

A man thinks he has many sins OF
omission and but very few of commits.
sion.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

However, the less man talks, tho
more he doesn't have to apologize.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03
In Brazil, where the insects DESTROY
wooden telegraph poles, the railroads
use WORKOUT rails for poles.

New England Presbyterian preach.
ers receive an average Of $l,579 a wear
in salary.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1915-12-03

The devil doesn't expect to be- IN
'vited Into the parlor the first time .
New-York tribune., 1915-03-23
1,488 WAR MOUNTS
PUT ON SINGLE SHIP
La Gascogne, Famous Old Roller,
Loads Up Largest Cargo of
Horses Ever Known.

La Gascogne, of the French Line,
laden with l ,488 horses, the largest
of its kind ever taken
aboard a steamship at this port, did not
get away for Bordeaux yesterday on
schedule at p. m. Late last night 1t
was said at the pier that she was eH-
pected to sail at any moment.
The old passenger carrier gave
fine demonstration of how ship can
roll. and this side-to-side movement
continued while the last few carloads
of heavy artillery horses were taken
aboard. Just how she will act when
she gets into the open sea was a mat
ter of conjecture, but her officers be-
lieve she will steam along easily.
Many years ago La GoscOgne was
converted into a second class ship and
was used in the Canadian trade. Later
she was made over into freighter and
used in the Mexican service. Before
leaving France she was fitted to carry
horses, and she has aboard the great
est number of horses ever put on a
single steamship. Every available cor
rer was used for stalls.
The White Star liner Georgia. which
is Of much greater tonnage than the
Gascogne, has accommodations for
200 horses, and would not carry more,
il is said, lest the congestion be detri-
mental TO the animals.
Two thousand horses, assembled at
the Empire City track in Yonkars, will
be shipped to France on Thursday.
They are part of a purchase of 3d.
600 animals made recently by French
army officers.
New-York tribune., 1915-03-23
Garrison Had Food for Only
Three DAYS, Vienna Declares

Vienna, March 22.-The War Office
tonight issued a bulletin formally an
uouncing the fall of the East Galician
fortress of Przemysl. The statement
aSds that the garrison had only enough
fed TO last three days and had been
directed 10 surrender within that time.
High praise is given to the officers and
men Of the fortress, and the belief -
expressed that the Russians themselves
must acknowledge the heroism of the
captured army.
The text Of the official statement
follows:
"When, in the middle of the week,
provisions were running short General
Won Kusmane, commander or the gar
rjson, decided on last attack On the
19th. early in the morning, his troops
SORTED across the line of forts ana
withstood 10 the utmost IN seven
hours battle strong Russian forces
Numerical superiority finally forced
the Austrians 10 retreat behind me
line of forts. The following nights the
Russians attacked Przemysl from sew
eral sides, but the attacks broke down
in the face Of the fire Of the heroic
defenders. ,o., :. $40.
6After the sortie of the 18th 1T was
found that the provisions couId laSI
only three days, and the commander
received an order TO surrender lne
fortress after these three days ard al
ter all the war material had been de-
stroyed. According 20 reports from an
airman from the fortress, the com
mander did in fact succeed in destroy
New-York tribune., 1915-03-23
CAILLAUX'S OLD AID
FACES ARMY COURT
Descleaux, Accused of Stealing
Military Supplies, Has
Dreyfus Counsel.

Paris, March 22.-The case Of Fran
co.'s Descleaux, charged with stealing
military supplies, was brought before
court martial in Paris to-day. With
this man appeared Nine. Bechoff, the
wife OF a German and one of the best
known dressmakers of Paris, accused
Of receiving the goods stolen by Des-
cleauX
Descleaux was formerly a chief
subordinate to Minister Caillaux at
the Ministry of Finance. lie was ar
rested in January charged with hav-
ing stolen army rations, which later
were found in the home Of Nine
Bechoff. NJ. Verges and VI. Dupuy,
charged with aiding in the thefts, also
were before the court. Descleaux will
be defended by Maitre DemaSge, who
was counsel for Major Dreyfus before
the court martial at Rennes, and Nine.
Bechoff by Charles Philippe.
The attorney for Verges took excep-
tion TO the construction Of the court.
He said Descleaux should appear be-
fore the court martial as a colonel in
stead of as a private soldier, and that in
this case the court should consist of a
brigadier general, two colonels and Of
ficers Of other grade.
The attorney for Dupuy, Henri Ge-
raud, supported this exception. He ex-
planned that Nerges and Dupuy are pri-
vate soldiers. He alluded TO the Call
laux trial, in which Descleaux was a
witness for Nine. Caillaux, and said:
"My client has nothing in common
with Descleaux, who should appear
with q colonePs stripes that We might
tear them off him."
New-York tribune., 1915-03-23
Fall of Great Galician Fort
Strikes East Side Like Bomb
Thousands of Refugees Here Amazed That Frzemysl
Could Not Combat Battling OF Russian Fordes-
Woman Vividly Describes War as She Viewed 1t.

Mrs. Sprunk. "They knew they had
very little chance against the terrible
guns of the Austrians. A great many
of them confessed to their commanders
that they did not want to be killed,
and they were deported secretly to 81
IBERIA.
"The Zeppelins, which we could see
from Lemberg, where | was stopping
for some time, were plentifully sup
piled with bombs, thus further demor-
alizing the soldiers. The ground about
the fortress was strung IN all dlrec-
tions with wires, SO that IL the Rus
slams made q charge current of great
voltage electrified many of the Rus
sian soldiers where they stood. This
is not an exaggeration, but statement
which | can substantiate.
occasionally the Russian COM
manders would send thousands of oxen
toward the fortress in an attempt to
cover up the movement of the Russian
soldiers. But, after admitting the cat
tie the Austrians opened up their guns
on their antagonists. The Austrian
aeroplanes played great part in these
tactics. 1t took many lessons of such
a nature before the Russians awoke to
the foolishness of the scheme"
Mrs. Sprunk told of a favorite
scheme Of the German aviators. The
machines few in a circle about the
edge of the towns occupied by the
Russians, thus drawing their fire.
After a while they would drop bodies
which, on reaching the earth, were
found by the Russians to be the
corpses of officers of their own ranks.
Believing that they had really been
firing on their own compatriots, the
Russian commanders would order the
firing stopped. Their, the German, aero
planes would swoop lower and when in
proper range would toss bombs on the
surprised Russians.
Mrs. Sprunk said that many Galician
cities had been burned by the Russians.
Some Of these were Trembowla, Zalo-
shcZiky, Husiatyn, Tarnopol, Podhayce
and others too innumerable to mention.
Many people have left Galicia for
Vienna, Bohemia and Moravia. Fifty
thousand Jewish refugees have sought
shelter in Vienna alone. Mrs. Sprunk
said that altogether about 100000 Jews
had left Galicia, either of their own
golition or because forced to do so by
the Russian soldiers. The wealthy have
become paupers to such an extent that
many of those who had been servants
were richer than their former employ
ers.
Mrs. Sprunk said that the price of
food in Vienna has gone up enormously.
The little money most of the Galician
refugees had has been exhausted, and
the Austrian government allows each
70 heller, or 15 cents, "A day.
"There is movement in Vienna to
send the refugees to Bohemia, because
the rise in price OF food is affecting the
moneyed classes" said Mrs. Sprunk.
"But Emperor Francis Joseph has noti-
fed them that if there is no place for
these refugees in Vienna itself he
would ask them to be his guests in his
own palace grounds. He has forbidden
any movement which seeks to send the
refugees from the city"
New-York tribune., 1915-03-23

News that Przemysl, the great Cali
clan fortress, had fallen spread win
lightning rapidity Yesterday among the
three hundred thousand of Galicians
in this city, most of them of the jewish
faith, and in doubt they mere ly shook
their heads and shrugged their shoul-
ders. All as one joined in the cry.
"Przemysl? The greatest OF for
tresses? 1t is just as impossible that
Przemysl had fallen as it is to reach
the heavens or cleft the Gibraltar IN
twain"
The East Side could not believe the
report. In its estimation the Tort
ress was even stronger than the Dar-
danelles. Even when the report was
confirmed it would not believe, and
il was only after many more reports
insisted on the truth Of the message
that Przemysl had ceased to be an Aus
trian fortress that the obstinate doubt
Of the Galicians began to waver
Woman Describes Fortress.
Mrs. Rosa Sprunk, Of 164 Orchard
Street, who came here from a town
close to Przemysl several days ago,
gave a vivid description of the life IN
the fortress and the many attempts
the Russians made to capture the
fortress.
She. too. would not believe that
Przemysl had fallen.
"The people in Galicia think the for
tress is made of iron. When | was
there they would say to themselves that
the Russians did not have a chance TO
even come near the threatening cannon
Of the AuStrians. Their attempts would
be laughable, were il not for the thou
sands who would fall with every at
tempt to take the fortress. We be-
lieved there was no truth in the state
ment that PrZemsyl was starving In
fact, il was a common report among the
people of the neighboring villages that
the fortress had enough food TO last 1t
for ten years, even longer if necessity
arose. And we cannot reconcile that
knowledge with the report that
Przemsy!, the greatest of fortresses,
has fallea. | don't know, but cannot
help doubling"
Mrs. Sprunk said the Galicians were
in constant hope the fortress would
hold out. According to her, they dread
Russian autonomy over the province.
II the Russians took Przemysl 1t meant
that what towns they had already
taken would not be relinquished.
Furthermore, Mrs. Sprunk said, Russia
now has an open road to Cracow, to
the great despair of all true Galicians.
"The Jews in Galicia especially hoped
that the Russians would become dis
couraged and discontinue the siege
said Mrs. Sprunk. "They prefer the
barbarity of the Austrian rule to the
love of the Russian Car. When | was
there they were in fear of pogroms in
case Russia was victorious. In some
Of the Galician cities they not alone
feared it; they felt it. The Russian
soldiers and officers brought the out
RACES with them as they shelled city
after city and village after village"
Feared Austrian Guns.
"The Russian soldiers detested the
struggle against the fortress said
New-York tribune., 1915-03-23
AMERICAN OFFERS
ENGLAND WAR PLAN
Has Wireless Telegraph Coast
Defence Scheme That Elimi-
mates Battleships.
[By cable 10 The Tribune. ]

London, March 2-"Battleships,"
says "The Daily News" "are not really
necessary for the defence of the coasts
of Great Britain, according TO Captain
Louis Sorcho, an American citizen, who
declares he can show US how the Ger
mans may be foiled if they should at
tempt serious operations against our
shores.
"Sorcho has arrived in London, and
is so convinced of the value of his idea
that he has offered his services to the
British government. IL was he who in
1898 recovered 1872 bodies from the
battleship Maine: Sorcho's calling is
particularly connected with diving and
submarine work, but his new scheme.
which he outlined roughly to a Daily
News representative, is mainly de-
pendent on the use of wireless teleg-
raphy in a novel way.
"I have already submitted my idea
TO my own government he said. and it
will in all likelihood be adopted. | am
now in negotiation with your Ad-
miralty, and expect to have to pay a
personal visit there in few days."
New-York tribune., 1915-03-23
BELGIAN CHILDREN
WRITE TO WILSON
Thank President "For the Good
Bread" and Get Autograph
Letter in Reply.
[From The Tribune Bureau.l

Washington, March 22.-Deeply
touched by letter of thanks sent by
two little Belgians, twins, nine years
old, "for the good bread" which had been
sent to the starving Belgians, President
Wilson has written, in his own hand
writing, letter to "My Dea. Little
Friends" expressing his happiness that
the Americans have been able to ex-
tend a helping hand TO the war suffer
ers and the hope that when the war is
ended he will have the pleasure of see
ing them.
The letter of the little Belgians is as
follows:
"29 Avenue des Gaulois, Brussels,
February Is, 1915.
"Dear Mr.. Wilson: Thank you very
much for the good bread. The poor
people in our villages were starving,
for they had nothing to eat. But now
that you have sent over TO our dear
little country a big provision of wheat
both rich and poor can live-thanks TO
the Americans.
BEST love and wishes from littls
PUSSY DE SPOELBERCH.
81 join in with my sister in thanking
you, too, for it is jolly good bread
enough to satisfy any schoolboy's hun
ger Z. DE SPOELBERCH."
The Presidents reply was as fol-
lows:
THE White House, 20 March, 1915.
"My Dear Little Friends:
"Your letter touched me very deeply,
and | thank you for it with all my
heart. 1t makes me very happy to
think that what generous Americans
have done to relieve the hunger and
distress in your country has brought
you the help you needed and given you
a little happiness in the midst Of
these terrible days Of war. I hope that
you will grow up to be strong, to do
the work that will have to be done in
the days OF peace that are coming. 1t
would be a great pleasure TO me if
some day ! might see you both, when
those happier times have come. Your
sincere friend.
WOODROW WILSON"
New-York tribune., 1915-03-23
WILSON TO RUSH
BLOCKADE PROTEST
Representations Will Provide
Basis for Contention in Set.
Elements for Seizures.

Washington, March 22.-The draft of
the representations which the United
States Will make 20 Great Britain re-
garding the Order in Council has been
prepared for reference to the Cabinet
and will furnish the principal subject
of tO-morrow's deliberations. This an
nouncement was made at the White
House to-day, and is accepted as indi-
eating that the administration has de-
termned TO wait no longer for the
supplementary statement which the
British Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs promised in the preliminary
note accompanying the transcript Of
the Order in Council itself.
The representations which the Unit
ed States will make are regarded IN
Washington as little more than pro
forma enunciation OF the adherence by
this government to certain older tenets
of international law which. it is
charged, the present British interpre
tation of her rights at sea inyades.
They will provide the United States
basis for contention as to compensa-
tion for ship or cargo owners who may
suffer through the enforcement of
Great Britain's embargo on neutral
commerce. Also, they will furnish the
basis for Americas argument in inter
national conventions looking 10 the
modernizing of international agree
ments following the declaration Of
peace.
1t is believed in Washington that
the representations VIII be trans
mitted 20 Great Britain within the
next few days, so that the position OF
the United States may be defii ed in
advance of any direct action by Great
Britain through which American com
merce might in any wise suffer. and
so that the British government will
not have as an excuse for any un-
toward incident the argument that
il had acted in the absence of an enun-
citation by the United States.
State Department officials have now
gathered practically all the data sought
by them preparatory TO requesting
Germany to make reparation for the
sinking Of the American ship William
p. Frye and cargo by the Prinz Eitel
Friedrich. The papers signed by the
owners of the Frye before the vessel
left Seattle reached the Treasury De-
partment late to-day and were trans
mitted 70 the State Department.
The American complaint 10 be sent
TO Germany in a few days will be that
there was no proof that the foodstufs
were destined to the belligerent forces
of Great Britain. The general belief
is that the German government viii
make reparation for the loss of ship
ard cargo. and that the incident will
be closed shortly.
New-York tribune., 1915-03-23
s6Oo,ooo ORDERED
PAID ON U.S.. GOODS
Said To Be First Cash
Settlement for Seized
FOOdstuffS.

London. March 22-The prize court
to-day ordered 100000 paid on Amerl-
can shipments of -four and wheat de-
tanned on board the Norwegian steam
ers Alfred Nobel, Kim and Born
stierne Bjornson and the swedish
steamer Fridland. SO far as is known,
this is the first money to be pald OUT
nv tho prize court on American 1000
stuffs seized. 81
The owners of the cargo or 1000
stuffs on board the American steamer
Wilhelmina, destined for Germany, are
becoming discouraged over the delay
of the prize court in giving the case
a hearing. 1t now seems improbable
that the case will come up March ~
the date for which it was Tentatively
set after a previous postponement' A.
C.. HAYS, attorney for w. l.. Green q
Go. of st. Louis, owners of the cargo,
said tonight: It'll.
"The Admiralty says it is .eXpedltIng
the Wilhelmina case. Weeks ago we
offered 10 stipulate the facts. Sir Ed
ward Grey, the British Foreign Secre-
tary. in his note of February 70, SAID
the case would be tried in due course.
If this is due course, prize court pro-
cedure is buncombe.
at is difficult to avoid suspectlng
that the case perhaps is being inten-
tionally delayed, so that If the court
ultimately decides that the foodstui.t,s5
may proceed TO Germany they VIII
have rotted meantime. An American
would find it hard TO choose between
indiscriminate destruction and regu-
lated capture"
The Steamers Alfred Nobel and
Biornstjerne Bjornson, loaded chiefly
with lard, bacon and other products OF
Chicago packing houses, have been held
in British ports since the middle OF
November. The Fridland, from New
York, October %, for Copenhagen, also
with packers products, was taken into
Kirkwall November 10, and the Kim,
loaded with foodstuffs, was detained at
Newcastle December 10. The Wilhel-
nina was seized at Falmouth Febru-