davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
THE MUNICIPAL
POWER PLANTS
Good Judgment Requisite In
Selecting Equipment
SUPPLY ELECTRIC CURRENT

Current Is Generated Chiefly by Steam.
Oil, Gas or Water Powe-ot These
Methods Steam Is Most Widely
Used Local Conditions Determine
Best Source.
Municipal ownership OF public utili.
ties is becoming more and more gener-
al in the Omitted States. and q large
number Of cities already have their
own power plants. which is. Of course.
one of the most important members OF
q group Of public utilities.
Such plants are used for furnishing
electric current for city traction, street
and municipal building lighting and
power purposes. while In the cases Ut
many cities current il sold to private
consumers.
Municipal power plants should be de-
signed to supply the current required
under existing conditions and to be
capable of ready extension when made
necessary by subsequent demands for
additional current, but at the same
time, in order % insure financially
successful results. great care should
be taken not to make the plant larger
than necessary. since interest and stnk.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
FAvoRs MINIMUM WAGE.

L. D. 6randsis Says Adoption Of Plan
Would Improve Labor Conditions.
Louis D.. Brandeis. testifying before
the New York state factory investigat-
ing commission. spoke in favor Of the
minimum wage.
Mr.. Brandeis is counsel for the in
dustrial welfare commission Of Oregon.
which just now has a test cas- before
the United States supreme court to de-
termine the constitutionality of the
minimum wage law which was adopted
a year or so ago in the state.
He declared that thousands of inef-
ficient girls and women who r now
earning below what is commonly term
ed the Giving wage" will be thrown
out Of employment altogether just as
soon as the legislature passes a bill es-
tablishing a minimum wage in this
state.
ut is true" said Mr.. Brandeis, that
the minimum wage law here would
mean the dismissal or elimination Of
many. but it would be highly desirable
to the whole number. At present very
few persons in 100 are efficient, ard a
large number-up to fifty In 100-are
inefficient. So there would be bound
to be elimination Of some in favor Of
others.
But ut the same time,' he added.
the minimum wage would mean bet
ter salaries and better conditions for
those remaining-the suryivors-and
for them life would be worth living.
That in itself would increase the self
respect Of the great army Of employed
women. and with the increase Of self
respect will come increased efficiency.
which, of course. will in the end be of
benefit to the employer"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The outfit illustrated here is a o
venient one for the outdoor girl. II
includes one Of the new tiaring skirts
with ample fullness. the skirt being
fashioned with the hip yoke and a
broad stitched hem. Worn with sepn.
rate blOuses. to suit the fancy. skirts OF
this type are featured for spring. With
this skirt is donned u lightweight wrap
of cotton corduroy. 1t has the high
waist line and the directoire collar
trimmed with self covered buttons.
The natty little hat of straw is turned
up very much at One side and adorned
with a little feather fancy.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
Washington. Good Work.

vVNoU0sVuo SSOo ~
George Washingt0n's surveying done
in 1861. when as a lad Of nineteen he
ran lines through the Virginia wilder.
ness for Lord Fairfax, was checked up
recently by government surveyors.
who found the work perfect. Washing.
ton, running his lines with primitive
instruments and bonfires on hilltops.
left monuments and boundaries to
which technically educated surveyors,
using accurate modern methods, have
been able to find no variation.
From the top Of Middle mountain, In
the Massanutten range, the old Fair:
fax line may be distinguished without
the use of instruments and can be fol.
lowed by boundary fences dating from
the earliest days and by blocks Of tim.
Der. Washington survey blaxes, cut
into the trunks of trees and long grown
over, have been rediscovered. and all
are several feet higher from the ground
than those woodsmen Of today make.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
WINTER CARE OF
The YOUNG POULTRY

In caring for young poultry stock In
winter l try to give it enough o In
which to develop and then feed it more
literally than other fowls. writes W. j..
Boyton in the American A~gricultur-
list. Overcrowding Is one of the grav-
est dangers to guard against. 1t Is a
natural desire to keep as much young
poultry as possible. especially the
fowls which were Matched late and are
still gaining In weight. but If this
course is pursued at the expense Of
~overcrowding trouble is apt to follow.
There are two methods Of handling
pulIets-one. so as to get eggs In win.
ter; the other. SO that by feeding they
will be In fine laying condition the fol-
lowing spring. In keeping pure bred
stock I find it the best plan to use the
latter method because where eggs are
scarce in winter they will hatch better
the following spring, and also they are
obtainable in greater numbers at the
time Of high prices for Matching pur-
poses.
Where winter eggs are to be pro-
duced 1t is necessary that the pullets
are hatched early In the previous
spring. This means a smaller percent
3 of chicks hatched. as at that time
the eggs show less vitality. 1 have also
found it more difficult to raise the
chicks. As eggs command the best
price in the spring. that they do not
hatch well ean q greater cost for
each chick. Although these pullets will
lay In winter when eggs command the
highest price for market purposes. It
will still be necessary to furnish proper
food and care. Even then some may
put on tiesh instead of producing eggs.
find that the best food is whole
grain. meat scraps and green food. 1t
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

is also important that the pullets be
kept out of the snow and above the
frozen ground. for cold poultry pro-
duces few eggs. With pure bred poul-
try I find It advantageous to keep sew
eral Of the best cockerels until spring,
when they can be sold to advantage as
breeders. This. however. would not do
IL mixed breed fowls were kept. The
purpose of the keeper must be borne
in mind when managing q flock Of
young poultry stock in winter.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
Pona... In Neutral Tones.

The great vogue Of putty and sand
tones has been responsible for the re-
vival Of pongce. which has not been in
good fashion repute for several sea
sons. Both suits and dresses are be-
ing made Of that serviceable fabric.
mostly in tailored or demi tailored ef-
fects. OF course this means that the
motor coat of pongee will come in for
Il renewed share of attention.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
MILDLY sleusss.

1t may not he amiss to speak of the
MILDLY blouses which give such great
freedom of movement to the arms for
the girl who likes to row or play ten
mis- n golf. For spring there are mid
dies of biscuit color linens. as we'll as
the more familiar sort Of white. and
the collar and sleeve trimmings may
be of any preferred contrasting color.
Rather distinctive are the models with
hand embroidered insignia on sleeve
and shield. Yl"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

MUNICIPAL POWER PLANT At TlVOLJs
ITALY. WHICH SUPPLIES ROME. TWENTY
III DISTANT
ing fund charges on idle equipment or
On too large an equipment will maize
the city's current unduiy expensive.
In the selection Ut the equipment
also the greatest Judgment IL requisite.
since the most expensive equipment Is
by no means necessarily productive Ut
the most efficient results.
In the designing Of q plant advan.
tage must be taken Of the latest ad-
vances in engineering. and especially
90 IN order to obtain the greatest de-
gree of economy III operation.
Electric current for municipal pur.
poses is generated chiefly BY steam.
oil. gas OF water power. OF the four
methods steam Is the most widely III
use. but local conditions are the de-
termining factor In the selection Of the
best source. A city. for example. In
which coal ia expensive and In which
. water power 10 at hand will. OF
course. choose . water power plant
unless the overhead charges will out
weigh the advantages Of the water
power.
The current II used for lighting only
should be converted from alternating
into direct, aud. while this is q some
what more expensive system. it gives
steadier light than II such conversion
IL not made. II the current Is used 81
simultaneously for local and suburban
railway systems. In order to avoid the
installation Ut different kinds OF ap-
paratus. alternating current is also
.used for lighting. but In such Ease the
cycle chosen should be not less than
twenty-five per second In order that
fluctuations OF the light may be avoided.
While fifteen cycles per second IL con.
sidered desirable for traction and sixty
cycles for lighting. yet when the cur.
rent is needed for both purposes q
medium number should be chosen.
Some cities have Il cycle frequency Of
thirty.two and One-half and forty.two.
Within the past few years many
plants are utilizing the exhaust steam
AEOuI LUG Cu6ttbCS tVt SlG0UJ uS0VUK VI
buildings In entire districts In winter
and for icemaktns in summer. the ice
being sold to the public at q lower
price than 1t could he sold BY other
producers. Thus the plant q made
much more profitable.
1t will be seen that no little technical
experience 10 required In selecting the
best form of equipment for any par
tdcular installation. owing to the vari.
Gus conditions. to he met.
Many cities are fortunately in posi-.
ton to take advantage Of water pow
err, but in order successfully to utilize
such powers It L. necessary to give the
subject an exhaustive preliminary
study and investigation to ascertain
particularly the volume OF water which
may be available duriDs the whole
year. Thorough Investigation should
also be made as regards the iinanciai
aspect of the Development.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
Chicken Nsesssariss.

When chickens are confined to their
pens for any length Of time. there are
three things that + necessary for
their well being, and these things are
often inaccessible to them. They are
pure water. sharp grit and a dust bath.
We all know that fowls must have wa.
ter to keep them alive. They need grit
In order to grind their food and keep
healthy. They need q dust bath in or
der to keep themselves free from lice
and mites.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
FOR RECITAL ON WASHING.
; TOMS BIRTHDAY.

First Boy-The brave. the wise.
the good.
Second Boy-supreme in war.
IN council aud in peace.
Third Boy Valiant without
ambition. discreet without fear.
confident without presumption.
Fourth Boy-In disaster calm,
in success moderate. In all him.
self.
Fifth Boy-The patriot, the
Christian, the father Of nations, .
the friend of mankind, who,
when he had won all, renowned
all and sought in the bosom Of
his family and Of nature retire
ment. and in the hope Of religion
Immortality.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
PickiNos.

1t is a good plan to throw
, sheaves Of wheat. oats or buck
wheat IN the scratching shed and
|, allow the fowls to thrash 1t out
; themselves. 1t affords consider
. able exercise.
In order to have exercise ready
. for the hens as soon as 1t Is light
! in the morning throw some grain
. in the litter Just before locking
; the houses Mt night.
. Green cut bone may now take
. the place OF worms and bugs.
) which the fowls pick up In the
. summer.
1t isn't too early to begin to
!. think about getting some choice
. eggs for Matching.
, Put the breeding stock into the
. best possible condition.
) Poultry thrive on variety.
. Change the ration from time to
, time. The birds will thank you
! for it by heavier laying and bet
! ter stock.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

We are threatened with a scarcity Of
matches. But why7 Even IL all the
foreign noblemen do have to go to war.
there are still some stalwart young
Americans in the market
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

It cost $1.5OOyOOO to make the Ameri-
cas- cup race a fizzle. On that basis
to pull the race on would equal the
expense Of a ~battleship.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Hardy a. we'll ~ handsome. the
Wyandotte 10 q fine market chick
en-. Medium sized, small boned. 1t
pumps right up from chick to
broiler, from broiler to rooster, and
IL a yellow butter bali when other
breeds are immature and scrawny.
The Wyandotte lays earlier than
the other American breeds and lays
as we'll as any dual purpose fowl.
The picture shows a Silver Laced
Wyandotte cock.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Now that the European war has shut
of our supply Of citric acid, the good
old fashioned lemonade may come into
its w again.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

BY notwithstanding his capital Petro-
grad the : has earned the gratitude
Of those Americans who could never
remember whether the last syllable Of
the other name was spelled burg
berg or .'burgh.."
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Sugar is a good heart tonic. says q
medico. 1t ought then to provide its
own cure for the man who buys 1t
these days.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

One Cuban editor won two sword
duels on the same day. That is where
a cutting editorial is backed by a cut
ting editor.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Some fellows could make a lot Of
money exporting cyclone cellars to
London and Paris for use Of people
who IRE afraid Of Zeppelins.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

In this universe, as our schoolbooka
informed us long, long ago. everything
is useful. Wonder what's the 8 of
q mosquito?
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The man who says he can break q
habit whenever he wants to usually
doesn't want to.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Economy, even when forced. some
times lays the foundation for great
prosperity.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The grade crossing is keeping up its
end in competition with howitsers and
machine guns.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Those S%ervians who have just sight.
ed q new comet ought to be thankful
that it wasn't a 'dirigible.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The only nan who can afford to look
ike 80 cents is the man who has about
thirty millions.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The war aviator signs himself to he
roic suicide. and there neve is lack
ing a volunteer.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Again Mexico is following our illus-
trious example. 1t will hold It's elec-
tons In November. 6a 4
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The good ship Friendship seems to
have been sunk by some nations con
tact mine.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

For many a weary day there are apt
to be more engagements than mar
riages In Europe.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
Practice ia better than theory. II you
don't believe It ask any doctor.

Many people are now taking post
graduate courses in European geogra-
ply.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Dumb waters are nj right Ia their
way, but they w1on'tsanswer.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Mexico 10 now 90 meek she didn't
murmur when the front page was tax
en- away from her.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

There is a period Of life when We 10
back as we advance. N
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Hatred takes time and energy and
health. And the dividends on the IN
vestment are pitifully small and unsat-
isfactOry.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Italy must be waiting until they Of.
fer trading stamps.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

A MAGNIFICENT architectural monument at the worlds greatest nxpoAe
a ton, the huge Arch of the Rising Sun, symbondng Oriental civlhsaton'
placed upon the east side of the Court Of the Universe at the Panama
Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco. Facing this arch upon no
west side of the court is an arch of similar dimensions. crowned by the Ma
lions of the West, symbouzing western civilization. The Arch Of the Rising
Sun is 1G0 feet in height, being identical In height with the famous Arc de
Tri0mphe in Paris
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Recipe for violating rules Of civilized
warfare: First catch your civilized war
fare.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Washington 'hostesses will have the
job Of their lives this winter in keep
ing the diplomats sorted. @
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

They're staggering humanity arm
and even a bit more 90. q 4
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

With the Russian capital changing
its name, worry is beginning already
for the ~mapmakers. .D
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

With a lot Of chaps Opportunities
knock proves a Knockout. As
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The harvester reaping the biggest
crops In Europe Yields an ancient
scythe. and his name is Death.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

This is the worst yet. Weinerwurst
are going higher. Truly. things ar
rapidly going to the dogs.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

Luckily the Panama canal has locks
and Uncle Sam has the keys. He Is 9
pretty good janitor.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The most dangerous Sc enemies - cahei
who pretends to be q friend.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The man with a chip on his shoulder
is not always anxious that it should
be knocked OF,
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19
Deputies CHARGED With Murder.

T%hirty-one Of the armed deputies EN-
ployed in the Williams & Clark and
the Liebig & Co. fertilizer plants at
Roosevelt, N. j.. who recently, 1t is al
legged. figured in the shooting down Of
fifty unarmei strikers. killing two Of
them. when they had assembled more
than 100 yards outside the Williams &
Clark plant. have been arrested and
locked in the Middlesex county jail at
New Brunswick, charged with murder.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

With big harvests and rising prices,
we shall soon have a landed a%ristocra-
cy of plain farmers. .
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1915-02-19

The chap who buys round after
round is seldom able to square up ut
home. %
Bismarck daily tribune., 1915-12-19

in 1903 and part of 1904, being sue.
ceeded by Fielder Jones. He remained
witch the team as player until 1900,
but seeing himself slipping, he asked
for his release and organized the Lo.
gan Squares, a semi-pro team here.
While he was with the free lances ne
infused more pep into the game than
it has known before or since, but in
1911 he went back to his old love, and
became manager in 1912, which posi-.
tion he occupied the two following
years.
AS a manager he had a rocky road
70 travel, although it was admitted
that he did as well as any one could
do with the material at hand. Com
iskey was lavish in the expenditure
of money for players, but hard luck
dogged the foot steps of the manager
some of the $4,000 beauties turning
out to be lemons, while run of injur-
les upset pennant calculations when
they seemed most promising.
AS player he was regarded as one
of the greats of the National pastimc
He started out as pitcher, and when
his arm began to stiffen up he became
just as great player in the outfeld
and later at third base He was one
of the heaviest hitting pitchers who
has ever appeared in the major
leagues besides having few equals as
a fielder.
He was one of the star base run.
ners in the National league and did
as we'll in the American. Critics have
always insisted that few men know
more base ball than Gentleman JIM
Callahan will be not only manager
but also part owner with Barney
Dreyfuss, although the amount of Cal.
lahan's holdings has not been decid-
ed. The interest mentioned last
night was one.third.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1915-12-19
OVERLAND" CAR IN
!. ARIZONA GRAND PR|X
Stock Car Finishes Third in Com.
petition With q Dozen
Other Cars, :. =

The showing made by an Overland
stock car in the Arizona Grand ,Prlx
race, held recently at Phoenix,
brought the 2Oy0co spectators of the
lG0'mile event to their feet.
In competition with an even dozen
cars, specially built for racing, and
driven by nationally known race driv.
crs, the Overland finished tlird. Earl
Cooper took first place in a whirlwind
finish, crossing the line a few sec,
onds ahead of the two leading cars.
The Overland had the distinction
OF being the only bona fide stock car
In the contest The motor. chassis
transmission and all other parts were
regular equipment. With the excep
ton of an aluminium body, it was iden
tically the same car that Is shipped
by hundreds every day from the big
Toledo factory.
Its performance in the race was the
Bismarck daily tribune., 1915-12-19
JOE CARR MAY Be
. HERE ABOUT JAN. !.
Middleweight Champion Wrestl-
er May Stop OFF Here On
His Way West.

bismarck wrestling fans may have
all opportunity of seeing Joe Carr,
middleweight champion, in action
here early in January. Carr expects
to leave Minneapolis about the first
of tle year, for tour which vii
take him to the Pacific coast, and
probably south.
Fargo promoters have arranged a
match between Carr and Ed Pearson
and there is also possibility that ne
may be persuaded to stop off here
and take on Joe Novak for handi.
cap match. Carr writes that ne will
take on any local wrestler for hanc.
leap match, agreeing to throw his op.
ponent three times in an hour.
NOvak is about the only local man
who could be matched with him. Carr
outweighs Novak by a good many
pounds, but the exhibition would
doubtless be a good one. >-