davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09

scratched in several places and around his right foot was wound a cloth which was once white but now dirty.
 This little country lad, dressed in old clothes, who breathes the fresh country air, is far happier than the richest boy dressed in the best clothes.
 FLOSSIE M. MEYER, Age 13.
 TaftYille,
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09

a bag of corn. My three brothers and I were lost near the store We were picked up by some chtl- dren. The children planted us in their backyard. They took good care of us. Many times the strong wind blew us over, but we strengthened up and grew again.
 We grew up tall and are now in blossom. In the autumn we will be ripe.
 STELLA ELLICK,, Age 13. Versailles
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09
Corn.

Dear Uncle Jed: The shape of an ear of corn should be cylinderical. The color should be uniform. The butts we'll rounded out with deep, regular compact kernels.
 Corn contains starch. There are four kinds of corn. They are sweet, flint, dent and pop corn.
 Corn should be planted early as it requires a long season.
 The yield per acre from one thous- and 70 two thousand pounds, average of fifty-four bushels.
 Soil should be sandy loam. Kernels of corn planted eight to ten inches apart.
 Corn can be planted in rows or in hills.
 Corn when harvested should be left in the stalks till dried we'll. and husks are white when husked.
 The ears should have straight lines filled out on the ends, no spaces be- tween the rows.
 Seed corn is the best to sell
 GLADYS THOMPSON, Age 13
 Mansfield Depot.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09
The College of the City of New York


 The College of the City of New York is situated on 13Sth street and Convent avenue. The buildings are situated on high hill and can be seen from a distance. It is of Gothic arch lecture
 The buildings are made of field stone and terra cotta finish. They are very beautiful on sunny days. The tallest building in the group is called the Great Hall, in which is a very large organ.
 An addition to these buildings is a stadium recently built. It is made of cement and it is used for all field meets. In the morning the sun casts a very beautiful shadow on it.
 In the center of the college is a campus. On this the boys eat their lunch and study. There is a large hagpole in the center, and all around 1t are benches of stone GEORGE BIENENSTOCK, Age Is. New York City.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09
Marion Like. 10 Go to School.

Dear Uncle Jed: like to go to school I have four dolls. have a kitten and he plays with his mother I played with him Sunday night. We have five horses and six big white pigs.
 I have a sister who goes to High school and she comes home every week when my mother goes 10 Moosup with butter.
 MARION BROWN. Age 2. MpoaUn
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09
LETTERS OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.

Florence Sullivan of Willimantic: I received the pretty prize book you sent me and like it very much.
 Mildred E. White of Stafford Springs: I thank you for the prize book you sent me, and I am enjoying it very much
 Lucy A.. Garter of Hampton: I send
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09
EtheHs Pet Rooster.

Dear Uncle Jed: have a Rhode Island Red pet rooster. Usually l can pick him up, but sometimes he will Erot let me.
 He was lame once so I used to pick him up and feed him. After I fed him I would put him in the coop. I like to feed him.
 I think he is very pretty.
 My brother put a leg band around his leg. If I have on a ring he will pick at the stone in it as long as will let him. ETHEL CoNGDoN, Age 10. Moosup.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09

Windsor Locks-The Connecticut salmon hatchery is about four weeks ahead of the hatchery in Massachu- setts. Both states received the supply of eggs from Oregon at about the same time, this state securing 100 900 and Massachusetts 500, 900.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09
How Elizabeth Got Lost,

Dear Uncle Jed: Have you ever heard this story? One stormy after noon Elizabeth was downstairs. She thought she would make her aunt a visit. While she was out the snow grew so deep and it became so dark, that she lost her way. By and by
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09

celled the reward. But Lieut.. Mus son never learned of the cancellation. He was killed in action five days prev fously.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09

she fell down in the snow and went to sleep.
 At home everyone was worried about her. Her father and two brothers took their lanterns and started to search for her. They took Bob, their dog, too. At last they found her and brought her home
 Her mother gave her hot bath and put her to bed.
 Elizabeth promised that she would never 20 out in q storm again without telling her mother.
 MIRIAM SECHTER. Age 10.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09
Caught in q Thunder Storm.

Caught in a Thunder Storm.
 One day I went picking berries with a few of my friends
 We had picked quite a few when it seemed to get dark all of a sudden. We looked up and saw the sky halt covered with thick Ieaden gray clouds We knew there was going to be a thunder storm. so picking up our paf1s began running very fast. In a few minutes loud peals oi thunder could be heard and sharr flashes of lightning seen Then large drops of rain began to come down, til it fell in big sheets covering the whole ground.
 Before we got half way home we were soaked through, and the watel was squirting out of our shoes. When we got home we changed ouI clothes, had a hot cup of tea, and went to bed. I awakened in the morning to fl1d I had a very sore throat and also a bad cold. AGNES E. scERE1ER, Age IF. Stafford Springs
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09
Adventures of Four Grains of Corn.

Once upon a time many of us were together in a bin in a grain store.
 One day farmer came and bought
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09
She Lives Near q Pretty Lake.

She Lives Near q Pretty Lake. Dear Uncle Jed: I have not written for a couple of weeks for I did not know what to write about, but will try and write a few lines
 I go to school every day and ann in the st&th grade.
 go to Sunday school. have not missed a Sunday this year. I got a present for being there every Sunday last year, but one, and then was sick
 I live right near a lovely lake. In the summer time there are motor boats on 1t, and in thA winter skating and the young peopH have a grea; time. There are also & lot of cot tages around 1t. It is seven miles around the road.
 I enjoy reading all of the Wide Awake stories.
 What can run down a tree, but not run up? (Water).
 What part of a fish belongs in q grocery store? (ScaIes.)
 ALICE G. KINNEY. Age F.
 South Coventry.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09

thronged the pier for some time be-
 fore the liner sailed Most of them
 carried portmanteaus. and the tumble of excited men and their baggage delayed the departure of the liner two hours.
Norwich bulletin., 1915-12-09

liners band played Italian airs and
 the reservists waved flags until the
 liner was well on her way down, the
 bay. None of them seemed at all
 concerned about the possibility of the Verdi meeting a submarine in the Mediterranean. The reservists
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-06-01
man IS
NOW At HEAD OF
rainier BRANCH

J. p. Hughes of the Seattle Brewing
& Mating Company arrived on the
Lurline from the coast today and has
assumed charge OF the Rainier Bottling
Works pro tenn. St c.. Sayres, former
manager of the bottling works, recent
" retired to accept a similar posi-
ticn with the Honolulu Brewing &
Mailing Company, and since his re.
tirement the bottling works have been
without head.
According to present plans, Hughes
will inspect the local plant and take
charge for a few weeks, later to name
and appoint his own successor. 1t is
believed locally that the permanent
m mayer will be selected from the
present Honolulu staff. Mrs. Hughes
is with him.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-06-01
DANCE AT THE
MOANA Hotel
THIS EVENING

Tourists, officers of the army and
navy and their ladies and local society
folk are invited to dance to be given
at the Moana hotel this evening, be-
ginning at 9 o'clock.-Adv. g
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1915-06-01

Ethers mamma had ordered a dress.
ed chicken. When it arrived the little
miss said: why, mamma, this chicken
isn't dressed; it's perfectly nude!"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
N. D. FRESHMEN MEET
ST. VIATOR'S TODAY

Notre Dame freshmen will clash
with st. Viator's college in what is
expected to be hard battle at Kanka-
kee. H.. this afternoon
Piloted by Coach Jones. and 20
strong. the yearling party left at $50
o'clock this morning for st. Niators
St Niator's is represented by a
strong eleven this season and the men
are declared TO be in the pink OF con-
ditiOn. Last Saturday the Saints de-
feated Northern Illinois State Normal
school Of DeKalb. Ill. SO TO 0.
The freshmen will be crippled by
the loss II Madigan from the line.
Madigan suffered an injury 10 his leg
in the Culver game last Saturday and
has been on crutches most OF the
week Capt Fitzpatrick. who was also
injured in the Culver battle. viii not
start the game today. but will he held
in reserve. Tackle Philbin Will act
as captain in todays fray.
The lineup Of the freshman team
as u will start today's game is as
follows: Berkle. lie; Andrews. II;
Cook. lg: Coughlin. c: Zoia. re; Phil
bin, TT; Thomas. re; Murphy. qb; Ali
son lib; McDermott. RIB: Miller. fb
The reserves who were taken on
the trip are: Capt. Fitzpatrick
Meagher. Stafford. Whitreid. Carey.
Morgan. Burt. O'Hara, PiersOn and
Murtaugh
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
FAST RACE CARD
THIS AFTERNOON
Two TrOts, Pace and Match Race to
Feature Bill-PrOgram Starts
at las O'Clock.

The best racing South Bend has
seen since the Interstate fair in Sep
TENDER is on the program at the
Springbrook track this afternoon,
when the Springbrook Driving club
will put on a fall race meet. Three
regular races-a 1925 trot, 2:35 trot
and 1926 pace-are on the bill, along
with a feature event a match race
between a pair of 2:05 PAGERS.
Racing will start promptly at 1:45
O'Clock. when the 1925 trot is sched-
uled to be called l. A. S. and Baron
Princeton are the only local entries
in this race. which is for a purse OF
$50. Orange Blossom and Crusader
are the other entries in this race, the
starting Of the latter being made posi-
bic by the fact that Billy Cullen will
winter his horses here.
Some of the best racing Of the day
is expected in the 2:35 trot for 500
purse. when three sisters meet. NJ. l.,
owned and driven by Howard Long
ley; Laura T., owned and driven by
William Hafner, and Baby l., owned
by Topper, were all sired by Loyal
Baron. l. A. S. and Baron Princeton
were also sired by Loyal Baron. Other
starters in the 1885 trot are Gay
Baron and Prodigal Mckinney. both
of which were seen in action here dur
ing the Interstate fair.
Six i'm 2:25 Pace.
With the entry of Topsey G. in the
2:25 pace Thursday the list in this
race was raised to six. Relatives will
also meet in this race. when Country
Jap and Silver Tail will get together.
The latter was seen here during the
fair. but Country Jap is Il new one at
Springbrook. Silver Tail is owned by
Flick, and Country Jap by Topper.
Peggy, owned by Leo Niedbalski.
probably will be the favorite in this
race, having won the county pace
here during the fair.
Two veteran drivers will ride be-
hind Robert Baron and Ginger in the
match race. G. r. Summers will
drive behind Robert Baron, who has
mark of 200 IA, and Sam Leeper
will drive Ginger. with mark of
2:041-4. Two years ago Ginger was
the champion PAGER through the west
ern circuit and has been doing the
mile this year in 2:11.
Officials for the meet are: Henry
Wheeler. starting Judge; Elmer Nc
Donald and Joseph Wagner, judges;
r, p DALEY. 1. w. Lower and DR.. r
w. Kilmer, timers; DR.. Roy II. Wolfe,
chief of police.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
MATT WELLS HOLDS WHITE
Chicago Boxer Unable TO Get Left
Hook Past Defense.

MILWAUKEE,, Wis, Oct. 30
Matt Wells, the English boxer. put
an end to Charley Whites winning
streak Friday night at the Cream City
A. c. by easily holding the Chicagoan
even in a fast and well fought 10
round bout.
Wells had worked up an impene-
trable defense for Whites famous
left hook and the latter, finding his
favOrite method of offense almost use
less, tried desperately to connect with
his right, but the EngliShman always
came back with an evening-up
punch.
Wells got the jump on White. earn
ing the first three rounds by a good
shade White warmed up in the
fourth, bringing the blood from his
opponents nose and landing several
solid rights TO the body. He also
won the fifth round, but Wells came
back strong in the sixth. The sew
enth round was Whites by virtue OF
hard left to the head and a right
smash to the heart that caused Wells
to break ground. The next two ses-
siOns were fairly even with White
having a shade in the final Period.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
ON THE GREENCLOTH

Doran easily defeated 1tuyus last
night at the oliver pool rooms in
the second game of the oliver handi-
cap three-cushion billiard tournament
by the score of 80 to g. A schedule
has been arranged for the tourney.
which is composed of 2S games, there
being eight men in the tournament.
Games Will be played every Monday
and Friday evening until the schedule
has been played. and it is expected
that a few will be played during the
afternoons
Schock defeated Sickle last night
in the Hotpoint game Of the east
side pool and billiard tournament held
at the Bredemus pool rooms on r.
Lasalle ave. The score was 100 to
90. Erhardt will play Bredemus to-
night in a Hotpoint contest which is
expected to be one of the fastest
games of the tournament as Bredemus
is one Of the three scratch men of
the tournament.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
-CONGRATULATES WILSON
Indian Chief Wishes President Well
on Coming Marriage.

WASHINGTON, oct. so. - Little
Man, an Oklahoma Indian chief. 90
years old. personally congratulated the
president on his engagement. Through
an interpreter. Little Man told the
president that he had married and he
hoped the executive would be as happy
as he had been.
With five other Indians, Little Man
called at the white house unexpect-
eddy. No appointment had been made
for them. Upon learning Of their
presence, the president went over to
the executive offices to meet them
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
FOOTBALL CANES TO-DAY.

Chicago VS.. Wisconsin at Chicago.
Illinois vs.. Minnesota at Urbana.
Indiana vs. Washington and Lee at
Indianapolis.
Notre Dame vs. South Dakota at
NOtre Dame.
Iowa state VS.. Nebraska at Ames.
Ohio Us. Marietta at Athens.
Cornell vs.. Virginia Poly at Ithaca
Harvard VS.. Penn State at Cam
bridge.
Michigan Aggies VS.. oregon Aggies
at Lansing.
Princeton Us. Williams at Princeton.
Michigan VS.. Syracuse AT Ann Arbor
Yale ". Colgate at New Haven.
Amherst VS.. Dartmouth at Amherst
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
WINNERS ARE TO MEET
Two Big Conference Games Are on
For Today.

CHICAGO. Oct 3O.-Big interest ir
football centered today in the battles
between Chicago and Wisconsin at
Chicago and between Minnesota and
Illinois at Urbana. The winners OF
these battles will likely meet for the
western conference championship.
The intersectionai clashes that we're
watched with intercs. were the Nichi-
gan-SyracUse game at Ann Arbor, and
the game between Indiana and Wash
ington and Lee at Indianapolis
Most of TIE football critics OF the
middle west we're concedlng today that
Wisconsin would defeat Chicago and
that Illinois only hope for victory over
Minnesota lay III the punting ability
OF Pogue and Clark
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
Local Football Game of Season At Notre Afternoon
"J0HNNY POE" KILLED
Baltimore Clubman Dies During Eng
Iish Drive i'm France

BALTIMORE, Md. oct. 3O.-John
Prentiss Poe. jr.. clubman, soldier.
adventurer. universally known as
Johnny Poe" was killed on Sept %.
1915. while fighting as a private along
the northern boundary Of France. Il
is remembered that during the Eng
lish drive which started on this date
practically all OF the Black Watch
regiment of which he was a mem Der
was annihilated. II is thought that
Poe met his death during this en-
counter.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
TO WED MILLIONAIRE
Richmond Teacher OF 10 10 Take
Husband OF 30.

RICHMOND. Ind. Oct 3O.-Invita-
tons out today announce the engage.
ment Of Miss Constance Foster, 20
years old, a teacher. TO Oliver =.
BOgue. 20 years old. a local million
aire Bogue is Miss Fosters uncle.
BOgue also is a brother-in-law OF
Daniel G. Reid Of New York
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
BOMB FIGHTING SEVERE
Combats North OF River Aisne Re
ported Almost Incessant.

LONDON. Oct 30.-FIghting with
bombs and grenades has taken place
north of the River Aisne and there
has been a brisk bombardment in the
Champagne, according 10 the French
war office reports
The fighting i'm the latter district
has been particularly severe and the
combats for possession of the works
at La COurtine. which are still held
by the Germans. have been practically
incessant.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
MALONEY WINS on FOUL
New York Scrapper Sets Decision n
Eighth Round.

NEW YORK. oct. 30 Tommy Ma
loney. local welterweight. won from
frankie NOtter OF foul n the eighth
round. Mel CoOgan, Brooklyn light
weight. shaded Harry Smith IN ="
rounds Teddy Jacobs defeated
Johnny Hayes in 20 rounds.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30

ST PAUL. Mimi. oct. oO.-All ar
ransements were complete today for
the match between Soldier BartselGt
OF New York and Mike O'Dowd OF St.
Paul at Hudson WIS Nov L. The
men will box 10 rounds at las pounds.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
South Bend.

Place of game-Gary, Ind.
Time-2:3O this afternoon.
Offcials-J 3. Miller, Springfield
college, referee; A. L. Pineo, Spring
field college, umpire; ]. S. Carlson,
Gary, head linesman.
Coach Metzler and Assistant Coach
Elbel of the high school squad, ac-
companied by IA gridiron warriors
will journey to Gary today, where
they are scheduled to hook up with
the steel city lads in a game which
promises to go far in settling the
football supremacy of high schools
in northern Indiana.
Although the locals were unable to
trim the strong Hammond team a
week ago today. they will be able to
win the championship if they defeat
the Gary team today by a larger score
than the Hammond team will be able
TO do next Saturday
Gary Is Confident.
NIetzler would mack no predictions
as to the outcome of the battle other
than state that his men are in the
best physical shape possible and that
they would be able to give a good ac
count of themselves. on the other
hand reports coming from Gary indi-
cate that Coach Briggs men are con-
fident of defeating the locals.
Yesterday afternoon the workout
consisted of a light signal drill fol-
lowed by a few lineups after the
kick-offs. Captain Merkle, yesterday
received his first opportunity of
demonstrating his ability to kick off
and a number of times he booted the
oval from the 40 yard line over the
locals goal 60 yards away. In all
probability he will do the kicking in
tOday's battle.
Besides the above mentioned line !
up MetZler will take the following
players for substitutes: Burner. a |
lineman for guard or tackle; Smith a /
backfield man; Olson, an end or back !
field man.
The squad accompanied by a few
loyal rOOters will leave over the South
Shore this morning at 1880 o'clock.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
NATIONALS WIN.

GREELY. Colo. Oct 30.-In a
slugging match the All-Nationals de-
feated the All-Americans here yester-
day. Il TO 10.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
QUIT PERSIAN PORT.

CALCUTTA, oct. 29.-It is officially
announced that British occupation of
the Persian port Of Bushire has been
terminated by a mutual agreement.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
Is KNOCKED OFT.

CHATTANOOGA. Tenn. oct. 30.--
frankie Howard. Cleveland, Knocked
out PADDY Coyle. Chattanooga. in tho
first round or their scheduled eight
round bout last night.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30
FIGHT \ DRAW.

DAYTON, o. oct. 30.-In a 10
round mill here last night Young
O'Nei of New Castle, Pa. and Mickey
Sheridan Of Chicago fought a draw.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30

CHEWING GUM AND CANDIES.
FRESH AND PURE ALWAYS. at
COONLEY'S. Edv.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-10-30

LOTUS LINIMENT. Zoe, 25c and
bottles. For all aches AID pains The
best nEiment made; clean and pleas
ant 20 use. at COONLEY'S Adv.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1915-07-30
Real Estate Transfers.

Dave Mcfarland and wife to J. A.
Smoot, 81 acres in No. 16, $4,000.
E. P. Alexander and wife to J. A.
Smoot, 8 acres in No. 16, 1898.
Jno. D. Alexander to John D. Dun
can, " acres in No. 2, $4,000.
Henry D. Park to R. E. Bransford,
lot in No. 10, $685..
T. B. Ridgeway and wife to Henry
Flowers, lot in No. s, $500.
]. A. White to Mrs. S. A. White,
lot in No. 8, $3.50.
B. F. Powell and wife to John w.
Stephens, lots in No. 16, $3.50.
John Jackson and wife to E. w.
Parks, lots in No. Is, $40S.
]. w, Stephens to John Patton,
lot in No. 16, $500.
J. W. Taylor to Annie Jackson,
lot in No. 16, 5000.
o. Spradlin to j. d. Alexander, SO
acres in No. 2, $4,000.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1915-07-30

Mr.. Curtis Harris, of st. Louis, sales
man in the Grand Leader, is in the city
for few days visiting his parents, Mr..
and Mrs. S. P. Harris, and others in
the city.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1915-07-30

Rev. w. w. Armstrong left Mon
day for Lavinia, Tenn, in Gibson
County, to assist in a series of re-
vival services.
Mr.. Evans Jackson has returned
from his farms in Lake County and
at Obion, reporting everything in
fine condition.
Mr.. and Mrs. T. J. Slagle, after a
few days visit in the city in the
home of Mrs. Lou Rowland, have
returned to their home in Blyteh-
Vile, Ark.
Double Quick" Ice Cream Freez-
ers at WEHMAN's. They are the
best.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1915-07-30

Miss Daisy Thomson left Monday
for st. Louis and Richmond, Mo, for
several weeks visit with relatives
and friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. w. Moore, who
have been visiting friends at Column
bus and Bardwell, KY, have re-
turned home.
Mrs. Geo. Jeter and daughter, Miss
Sara, and Mrs, j. E. Jones and SON,
of Dresden, were in the city Tues
day shopping.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1915-07-30
Poultry Parasites.

You keep the chicken house clean to
keep the parasites off the chickens. You
spray to kill germs-but what do you
do to get the germs and parasites inside
the chicken. Hens especially show it
at moulting time and during the win
ter. How can you expect them to lay?
Free them of all internal parasites by
feeding B. A. Thomas Poultry Powder
occasionally. II it doesn't make your
hens happy. we will return your money.
Sold by Frank G. Wehman.-Adv.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1915-07-30

Mr.. Jas. Brice has returned from
Denver, Colo, after few weeks trip
thru the West. He informs us that
his brother, Paul Brice, is located
there and will probably remain in
that city as his future residence.
We trust he will enjoy good health
and success in his new home.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. G. Lee, of Birm-
ingham, Ala, are in Union City
mingling with Mr.. Lees old-time
friends and visiting relatives. Mr..
Lee was reared over in Weakley
COUNTY, at Martin, and lived in this
city for a long time. He is now
located at Birmingham, the big iron
city of the South, and is prospecting,
being engaged in the jewelry bust
ness.