Evening star., 1915-12-05

already distributing such trees to the
various towns as shade trees. Several
hundred thousand year are being sent
out.
Among the most important crops that
are being Investigated and experimental
with here is cotton. The government has
imported cotton experts from our south
ern states. 1t has sent them to investi-
gate certain parts of its territories. and
they report that Brazil has millions Of
acres suited to this plant. In order to
stimulate the cultivation of cotton. the
agricultural department is cooperating
with the agricultural societies in cam
paign Of instruction. They are showing
the planters how to improve the staple
and quality of the cotton, and they have
demonstration farms where the most ad
vanced methods of cultivation are shown.
They are employing travelling lecturers
to advise with the growers, and are send
ing out bulletins giving the latest in
formation upon cotton and cotton raising.
In the same connection the Brazil Rail-
way Company has been experimenting in
cotton. The manager Of the company
said to me:
Our experiments have proved very
can seed. and we find that it does far
better than the native seed, the yield
being larger than that of the United
States. Brazil has a cotton area which
and it will produce as good cotton as al
most any part of the United States. We
have no boil weevil, and are careful not
to import seed from the boil weevil sec
tions.
The government has under way a num-
ber of new projects to develop it's miner
al industries. These are in their infancy.
Brazil Is full of minerals and much of
1t has never, been prospected 1t has
vast deposits of iron, and also gold, cop
per and diamonds. I have already writ
ten Of the iron. The government has
given concessions for some of the ore
fields to capitalists from England and
the United States. There are railroads
which go through or very near the rich
est deposits. The ore is of a fine quality,
and it is known to exist in billions of
tons One block that was measured by
the engineers is said to contain over
100000 tons of ore. That ore carries
so per cent iron and it is of such a
character that it can be easily mined.
These ores have been analyzed by ex-
perts of the krupp works and of the
United States Steel corporation and are
undoubtedly of great value If coal
should be discovered it would result in
an enormous steel industry. but as 1t Is
now the ores will have to be shipped to
other countries for smelling and manu-
featuring.
x
Brazil is ready to give concessions to
manufacturing institutions 1t has re-
Gently proposed to grant per cent on
the capital invested in the esta blishment
of the first five iron works in the re-
public, with an increase of per cent if
Brazilian coal is used. Machinery of
many kinds Is now admitted free on ap-
pIication to the federal government. This
is so of all machines used in rubber
factories; and the congress has recently
considered bill giving a premium of
$4,000 to any one who will invent a
more economical process for curing rub
Der. Rio de Janeiro has granted to the
first company establishing a -four mill,
exemption of all export taxes on wheat
flour for ten years. and also sufficient
land for building the mill and for the
raising OF wheat on a large scale. In
some parts of the states Of Bahia, they
are giving premiums to tobacco planters.
and in other places they give conces-
sions for various kinds of manufactures.
The manufacturers of cotton have
been greatly favored in the way. of
tariff and also in freedom from duty on
the importation of certain kinds of ma
chinery. AS a result, cotton milling is
about the most important of the indus
tries. There are large factories at Rio
and others in Sac Paulo and in other
states. There are something like 1,000,-