The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-01-26

II ne fueplO lnotan Is the greatest
builder among aboriginal Americans
/ Unlike any other American Indian. ne
builds permanent home, OF stone Of
sun-dried brick, and there he gener-
ally spends the rest OF his days. Be
fore civilization reached him he was
q nomad In restricted sense, fol
whole tribes frequently migrated and
established new towns; but these
movements occurred perhaps once In
"a generation, and were then usually
the result OF intertribal wars, or the
attacks Of predatory Apaches or Ma.
|Iyajos.
The early wanderings Of the Pueb-
los, however, resulted In the erection
lof numerous structures all through
New Mexico and Arizona, which were
subsequently deserted; and the exist!
ence OF these ruined towns has given
rise to a belief that the Pueblo.
were once very numerous race
Ethonologists are now agreed, how.
ever, that their numbers have pros
Iabiy always been about the same, and
there are now about ten thousand oil
them.
Along the Rio Grande, the Pueb
los have generally abandoned the
high, terraced buildings with which
their name is associated, and live II
little one-story. adobe houses. much
like the Mexicans. Away from thu
valley. however, the many-storiec
structures, which amazed the Span
ish explorers and gave rise to the
legend OF the seven cities of Cibola
are still in use. Thus, at Taos Pueb
10, in northern New Mexico. the two
gigantic adobe structures, four stor
les high. with a clear stream of water
running between them, stand .oda,
just as they were described by the
chronicler of Coronado's expedition II
the seventeenth century.
This pueblo is strikingly situated
ut the foot Of towering mountain
range, and the lands which the In
dams own stretch for several mile.
north and south along the Taos val
1ley. They raise large quantities OIL
grain, vegetables and fruit, and are
very prosperous. The two structures
1of their pueblo shelter about Ave
hundred Indians.
Another pueblo Of the primitive
type is Zuni. where the houses have
I've stories; and there is a tradition
that at the time of the conquest, the,
had seven. 1t was such structures q:
these. seen at a distance, and glowing
In the brilliant desert sunlight. tha
made the Spaniards believe tht
Southwest was inhabited by o grea
and wealthy people. Zuni is the
4 largest of the pueblos now inhabited
and about fifteen hundred Indian,
live in 1t.
Isleta, situated at an importan
railroad junction and only twelve
miles from Albuquerque. the larges
Icity in New Mexico, is a typical civ
lilized" pueblo. These Indians owl
extensiye and very rich lands in TIL,
Rio Grand valley, and are quite we'll
Il to-do. Compared to the poor deser
4 dwellers of the Jemez pueblo. the.
are veritable p1utocrats. And NOR,
land more. they are adopting the way
Iof the white man, despite the splen
did organization for resisting change
which the Pueblo government is
These Indians have practically aban
doned the many-storied house, ant
leach family lives in a separate struc
lture. The men wear overalls ant
often vests. but practically nevel
coats. The special mark of affiuenc,
is the hat. and the wealthy Islet;
buck always chooses a wide blacl
one, somewhat like those worn b!
southern statesmen and train rob
bers.
The pueblo of Acoma is perhap
the most typical relic Of the day whel
every pueblo was a fort, for it 4
situated upon the top of a high
sheer cliff. There are few building
in the world more commandingl.
perched, and few people have to g
farther for water than the Acom
lsQuaws, for all of 1t must be brough
by hand from the foot Of the cliff.
The Pueblo structures are bull
room by room, and the constructor
of each one of these is an importan
religious ceremony. In fact, nearl
, everything the Indian does has som
religious significance.
The Indian who wishes to bull
first selects his site and marks Of
the dimensions Of his abode by plas
n In ynahh1x. ~ aoa1, nAn., = 81. :.