davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

being stimulated through play cNer-
cl>cs his phN steal makeup L. cuntinu-
ally studied ana its Weaknesses built
up, pr. BisCh j. the schools medical
specialist and medicine where rc"lnd
l. as much a part of the Schuul CoursN
as music or manual work. Physical
lmpruN cmont is one of the first notice.
able results.
II has been estimated that ont Of the
-, 900, OOo school children in the United
States 5000, 600 are suffering from
rcmediahlc physical defects. 1t has
been repeatedly established that cases
from among the loves, grades "
feehlcmind"dness can he benefited.
How far can tl.S he carried? Within
- year the school in l.awrer,, street
may ht able Ia 20 far toward answer
ing this.
DR., RiSch il associate in educational
psychology AT Teachers College. His
associates in the Columbia experiment
are Milo Burdctte lllllcgas. assistant
professor Of education; naomi Nors-
worthy. assocint" professor 81 educl-
tional psychology. Frank NJ. Me-
hurry, professor If elementary cduci-
ton. and Edward l.. Thurndike. profess
scr ~ educational psychology, with
Miss Maud koa'or as instructor.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

TAX" advantage of the situation to do
Fan see him.
Carranza was born in Cuatro Ciene-
gas, In the state of Coahuila, in 1859.
lie is a scion of a wealthy and promi-
nent family whose ancestors go back
to the early Spanish days. According
10 the customs OF the landed aris-
tocracy young Carranza received a
liberal education, which was to fit him
for his position in life. He attended
the universities of the state NJ Goa
hula and Mexico city. choosing law
as his profession. A certain weakness
of the eyes, which the physicians at
tributcd to ovcrstudy. prevented him
from practising law. and he was come
PEELED To- return to his hacienda. There
he lived for some time the life of n
gentleman and scholar. surrounded by
his books and many friends
At tho age of 81 lie was suddenly
torn away from tho life Of case and
luxury and thrown into tho political
%nphraval of his native State. For some
Time the ubscryant carranza had no.
tired that not all was we'll in his
flihcrlLnd. He saw that many of the
laws created for the protection of the
poor were violated and openly disrc-
gardcd. He saw that the people were
deprived of the communal lands. lie
saw friends Of Gen. Iorfirio Diaz grow
rich nut of this. while the poor had
iarely enough to live on. :
Although himself "A man az wealth
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

"'N'IdiI Tor 0tr To grasp. Another
IiiI" Gt!l easily catches tn" " rds IT
- SONG hul duriu- singing becomes
confused ana forgots them.
Among the children tire those who
'' Nc" inability IN walking .r handling
themselves in their games and ,Ncr-
''o'S Th.s Is usually due t. lack uf
motor c"0trol. d merry us condition,
though in SOM" cases a physical de-
I''i is To- h.dme. bnr girl walked with
% shuttle. dragging her feet. Dr.
Essen provided shoes with heels higher
than those "f IA. ordinary chiId'S foot
gear and the sfunling ceased.
y hoy. - newcomer. sits in his seat
apparently unconscious of what is gn-
Ing on. When told Ia rise he looks
hlankly, moves his body. but continues
seated. contrary To- all appearances,
h." knows what is expected f him.
hut he cannot uhoy. He does not
know how 10 90 about getting out OF
his scat and rising to his feet.
In the gameS when the children
kuc"i hr remains standing. lie throws
J. : arms ont as the others drop to the
floor, bar he does not know how to
follow their example, An attendant
siradIo him to give him confidence,
bends over him, places his knees ON the
floor ana balances him in the proper
position To a casual observer such A
case would seem hopeless. 1t is be-
I"Nod that in a few months this boy
viii he playing the class Games like
the others.
vs. IN" children progress they are
given more complicated games, for
everything Is a game. Thcy learn to
srN. rhry rails" flowers and \cgo-
tables IN gardens IN tho roof. The
GirIS help The instructors got luncheon.
learn I" mako beds and set the table.
TN" boys do manual work in "A spcciol
Workshop and exercise in the GYMS
ndSium,
one Of the boys in the brief period
!Is' spring learned to grind tools very
sklfully. Many of them show AN anti
tudc for s'oyd work, ON" Of the girls
progressed So far with the sewing thai
she Wa abb" tu do bits of embroidery.
MI the children learn to dress and nm
dress themselves and keep their clothes
neat. During the season NOW under
way there is a party every month. for
which tn" children make decorations,
fi|hluu uip"r caps for use iu gamcy
and construct luNoS for surprises.
Gut while the chills mentality Ia
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

same opportunities as peonlc enjoy in
the United States. lie Is trying to
establish laws and give to them the
rights that every civilized nation has
been enjoying for years. lie realizes
that democracy can he attained only
through education. His aim is to
bring Mexico into line with the worlds
march of progress and achievement.
Long before he knew that success
would crown his cndeavurs. long be-
Tor" he had reason to hope that he
would he recognized by the United
states. he had been sending commits
sicns uf schpol teachers to study cdu-
c%ational institutions in this country
with tho object of applying them to
tho needs IT MoNiro Altogether more
than 80 schoolteachcrs have studied
here, and sumc of them are still study
ing.
Personally carran.a leads u very
simple life. lie resides part uf the
time AT the lighthouse ut Vera cruz.
where the Government offices are To-
Gated, but during the hot summer
months he lives in the ancient Spanish
fortress of San Juan de l'lloa. which
Is located just outside the harhor of
Vera cruz. In the uldCn days the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24
Recognition by the United States and the Latin Repub
lies Focuses World Attention on the Patriarchal
First Chief- Promises "Reconstr,1ctive Fra"

rich or poor, foreiga born or Mexican
VIII be afforded the same treatment
ard receive the same
IN return for this we ask only n
lust venue from their incomes an
equitable tax on their products and
nothing more. We promise 10 give
them the fullest protection of our
laws ami the guarantees of the Cow
eminent"
Zen. Carranza did not seem nor
turbed about the heavy internal and
external debts NJ Mexico. He main
tanned n a all those debts are small
compared with the wondrous,v rich
the country has.
1T Is "A question ~ n few mu,ihs"
nc continued, and all the mines and
helds will he IN IN operntion arpin
In fact new and unknown fields of
natural resources will he thrown nrru
n Mexico will boom rnmmcri,II,
New Industries are To he cncourIr.d
new hotels built and u new business
lie IL awaiting our country. Az those
" bring us in revenues
more thai sufficient to cover our uhli-
cations
According To- the plans of the Cunst,-
tutionalist GoNernmNt. the cities will
nave home rule. THIS vii he done
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

Was Cara GiiIu ana no VIII - per
soadl friend IT Cen. Daz. lie Wds ap.
pointed for a term uf two Years and
ia" people dis,iked linn Very much
A. Gen. Ddz never consulted the
people in his appointments they could
only hope that a better man would
follow Cara Galau. liut they were
mistaken, he was rcappuintcd.
When tarrauZa learned of it he
gathered his comrades. organized "A
small army and started "a revolt against
the Governor. As soon as the news
of h uprising reached Gen. D.a2 he
despatched Federal troops To- uucll the
riot. tut CIrldnZl WIs ~hr"WI tuuugh
{" aN"!d An encounter with them.
lie nevertheless moutccd and heChl,d
them To- the point % desperation. one
~ the advisers of Dial suggested that
Gov. Galan he removed, as CarrAnza
was too energetic "a person to ignore.
Gov. GIlan a removed ana Carranzi
won his first revolution. As a sign Of
their gratitude the people of his native
city chose him as Mayor. Later he
was elected to the LEGISLATURE aud
finally as Senator from the State.
More than once CarraEZa Incurred
the d~.spleasure If Gen. piaz while he
served in the Senate. Cen. pa2 was
not pleased with the IDEAS Of the young
senator from Coahuila. More than
once 'arrdnza was warned ly his col
leagues and advised 20 drop his liberal
Ideas and policies.
Nothing startling. however. was
heard from ''irran2a TIN the ycvolu-
tiun against i'orhr.n Diaz swept tho
country. When the III fated Francisco
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

rama has conducted the affairs Of his
Government practically without Il
ablnet As n reason for It he as
signed the act that he had no right
Ia choose ~ Cabinet when he was not
the legal head of the Government III
Mexico. Therefore he always called
the metz who helped him assistants.
but never NJ ~nisters.
In most Of his tactics and campaign
plans Gen. Carranza has followed the
ideas of Bcnito Juarez. the Mexican
ihefatrr. Like Bcnitp .Iuarc2. Tar
rnnza established his Government in
Vera Cruz He ignored the old tradi-
ton "f stirrendering and giving up the
ghi when Men co city was captured
10y hts enemies. tarranz, has upset
many other traditions in his struggle
Tor the Independence Of Mexico, and
Tor that very reason alone he WAS
deemed hv many to hc n man uf cN.
trcmcly radical ideas and views, "a
dangerous in%dividual.
Thc present revolution, Gen. car.
ran].' maintains. is n fight for a Just
II constitutional Government. That
Is all the Plan de Guadalupe" stands
tor. 1t means the maintenance Of the
Constitution. the elimination of injus-
tice ana giving the Mexican people
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

legislature in ~r,~.nr and ,.crundrJ
that the State refuse to r~ccovuiz. the
usurprr, Nicturmno Iluertn. lie was
successful. in obtaining tho aid of
several other States and the revolution
which resulted in the overthrow OF
Gen \ic,nriano lIuerta was launched.
This was nearly three years ago,
and EVER since that time carranza has
beth battling his way toward the indie
ftrdcnce of Mexico. When the Con-
stituiinnalist~ marched triumphantlv
mt" MeNic" ely and they seemed to
nave reached their goal new Difficult
ties arose. This time Gen. Villa
thought himself the real power and
began L" question the authority of
tn" First thief. New war clouds be-
gan =" appear. AGAIN CarraHza SAW
IN" danger and hc suggested To- Cen.
Villa that they meet in Havana and
there settle their differences. which
stood IN the way of peace. But Villa
imagined himself the stronger aud his
only reply was "A new revolution.
tarranza was und.smayed. lie
started all over again TO fight for what
he and his colleagues considered JUS
t!ce. Nearly two years have passed
since Villa deserted him. At times
1t looked as though his end had come.
hut he fought IN and on. C%arranza
has accomplished "a feat which all
other chicf,ains failed to achieve. He
gathered a strong and efficient army.
whose leaders are loyal to him and to
the cause. More than nee rumor had
II h "a his leading military supporter.
Gen. AlNaro bpregon. hal deserted
him. But upon Investigation all those
rumnrs have proved false.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24
Some of the Results Being Accom-.
plished in This Unusual Institu-
ton for the Predetermined

IT WEINE hoys and girls, who
Otherwise might go through
L life suffering all the ~disadvan-
tages Of the child mentally be-
"" normal. have become the wards of
'"l1mhia University.
III a building in Lawrence street.
JUST beyond the corner of Old Broad
""N. ilv" specialists in educational
psychology, all of the staff of Teachers
'"''-e' ar" working out an expert
m'hi under the direction of DIR. Louis
L. hi,ch, in IA new and practically
uhNh"wn field Of child education.
livery mother knows what Fruebel's
E~'nd"rgarten system has done to take
'"' normal child from ~babyhood to
u" period where ne can enter tho
p'"I'' schools. Up to F'roebel's time
inc mind of the child had been little
GUIDED by scientific methods. Many
mothers now believe that the methods
7" Nine. Montessori have marked II
''" step forward in this subject. But
"hd' 81 the min of the backward
'N"d whose brain has been du!led by
'IhrsS or inherited weakness? How
''A' S'l'l'''' Wy t'N'l'lliS
' ''-o of atrophicd senses, building
"p " I"rE"d V system and max
ii ~" child physically well, lead him
VT 81 MAT mental twilight which
'%''ni'rs him' How far eau the de-
'c'lVo or retarded. if taken in child
'''d hc built up TO the standard OF
III" normal child?
'%"Iumhia's eXperiment--thc Speycr
sch'ol-was begun last spring, For
several months children were treated
mere. The results were 80 hopeful
'''a'' with the opening Of the school
year Teachers College assumed full
direction and support. Now with II
a'lt rr7i's the school Is in fun swing.
IN appearance most OF the children
are normal All OF them are sons
ana daughters Of well To do parents.
soine of them so to school IN auto
mobiles. Al Of them have nurses ar
o'her attendants to look after them on
'helr trips between homo and clnsses.
Zach child IL "a special study IN
''epiemindcdncss. The keynote VI
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24
TREES FOR LINCOLN HIGHWAY.

A IRIS, f.. y. Kendall Of Chicago
M has been appointed to take
charge ut the work 81 plant-
inG trees and Shrubs along the Lincoln
Highway. The Lincoln Highway Trco
Planting Association, n cooperation
with the authorities of tn, States
through which thus great irtu-ur'l-
mental road passcs. is wurk.ug ON u
plan for o|ruamcntiug the roadside.
Each State has been asked To- ,l"Sig-
nate the Kind of tree and Shrub to
he planted along the road within its
border.
In Sew Jersey II r. proposed to plant
fruit trees. PENNSYLVANIA has started
"A mny" for forestry Preservation with
masses ~ American laurel for ,lecnra-
ton, whli" Illinois and the prairie
States Of tn" mlddlo West have OK
pressed q preference for masses nf tllo
prairie rose indigenous to thar section.
Nebraska has dccidod to plant shade
trees 200 feet apart vita rnamcnta
tees and sllrubbcry bctNcrn.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

. y the great tragedy of Mexico an
other figure has taken the centre
uf The stage. lie is Gen. Venus
'.tuu Carranza. who has been
recogui1cd by the United States and
,he Latin Americgr republics as the
chief executive Of the de facto Govern
men, or Mexico. Just what manner
of man he s is still. a matter of dis
cussiuu. tty some he is held to he an
Inscriptions dictator, stubborn and
entirely unwilling to take advice on
ANY subject. while by his friends he
has frou described ns the creates,
mtrlVt the country has ever known
and the protector " the oppressed
peois and Indians. At present he
is suppose to stand for the best gov
ernmeut Mexico has attained after
FIVE wear. of bitter strife.
I'n,ikc the famous Pancho villa,
Gen. Iarrtnzn is not a picturesque in
dlyiduIl. There Is none of the glamour
and r"maUcc about him with which
Villa d, credited. lie IL essentially n
man " letters. u student and a
.cho ar IT, ahliurs warfare; his main
object IN 'ifc is declared tn lie to bring
hp'U' w." W. '"u''"''"'s H MS
STRIFE t"lh '"IiitrN' TINS ~ u basic
Gfcr'ui" tween MN ana VIVA.
Gen. 'hrT'hHi Is over slN te"t tau
and broad S~nnuIdereu' ana u" carries
himself Ike a military man. His
snow white heard and his %darkcned
eyeglasses give him the appearance
Of u patriarch. me Of the character
istics which impressed me forcibly
when ! was Win MN was ms cool
ness ana apparent NICK vi enthusiasm
He +"'s no seem 10 possess the Vi
racity ana eNunerance so common
among the i+i'hs. lie Is rather of
q serious ahd meuitatiVe nature, and
in that ne impressed me TO be more
Anglu-SiNnh imam spanish.
Among '"n.e people ten. Carrarza
known as thr Hleht uue ahd
The 'ldhrafHin. IN realty. however,
he l. Tar from being M Is suggested
by such '''ms "i description. hlIe
reiirtnt ana apparently SLOW, ne
WAKES warm ana Enthusiastic when-
ever NoG touch the SUBJECT NJ the rev.
ou'i'n IN MeNico' l nave seen nm
on su'h an occasion anu l thouSht
that the Experimentation man had
suddenly pe'otne u s~ounEs'e OF ie'
Gen. 'a'rah%a u"'S not IKE to ne
cons dered a military man. lie mas
no rretenSIons l" 'he glories ot the
f"toehe'd' Sucn mugs ne leaves IN
MS 'eheTd'S' ne u u'stih'tN a CIVIL
ian ana n"' constantly p'eauto 'he
cause OF the man VINO docs no carry
q r'n'' VINO u"es not nsh'' MS Tue
~ "'h''HI Is merelE one W courtesy
an the Nue ny when ne desires 10
bc Known among the people or Mex
60 - me FIRST 'hlef ot the Con-
sttuti"naIist rarity in 'harse OF the
Executive rover oil the i'epupNc OF
MeNIco'
Cen 'arranza reailZes VIVA, a s'-
csn'l' TASK no uhdert""N "nen ne
PROMISED IN" hTted states ana 'he
lhtln American rtpnn'i'S I" pa"itF
MeNI'o' II Tor tnat very reason ne
''ln>eh I" enter MEM" gu! 'lI nv
h'd gone over w" ground ms 'eh-
era nave conquered ana made u
."''""Sn P''N'ha' ""HPF',''". Nv
A'""s NAT " Srtd' u'"' W "a'" ""'N
- sun IN store i"r hI"'' nut ne II s"-
'ns ah'n' II Win the same ne,ermina-
,oh "hI'h mas cnarac'e'']eu MS "s"'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

a chance t" live as citizens. say car
Ianzls friends
some of Carranza's critics complain
that h" Is stubborn and unwilling L,
take advice. He j. accused OF hating
the United States aad its people.
Inc" charges are denied 10y his
friends. 'arranZa himself maintains
trht he Is a true and loyal Mexican
hrSt' ana Only as such can he possibly
he an honest and true friend Of the
people of this country.
'Irra"za impressed the writer as a
man distinctly of onc idea. That idea
is I" raise the Mexican people from
tn" mire Of ignorance into which they
lIarr been plunged through centuries
OF oppression II" wants for them the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

the Child's growth, Speech defects or
tn" amer effects of Weakening childhood
diseases may he dullinS his mind.
Even some Nagary of the changes If
adolescence may have struck a physical
or mental discord, Meningitis or scar
let fever many times leave effects
which, overlooked, are handicapping
the child.
Whatever the cause, there Is no pos
sibility of It's being overlooked under
the system AT the Speyer School. From
the little boy or girl Of s 10 the bis
n Of H., In, iIi.Vh knows when the
first tooth was cut. AT What axe the
enid was ahlc To hold M his head,
when h" first sad 'papa,' the date of
his first day AT kindergarten or school.
whether hc ever played hockey and, IL
he did, how he spent his truancy.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

with the purpose of lesSening the .uf'u-
ence of the central government and
also with the object of giving the
peop'e an opportunity To educate
themselves in the art Of se~lf-Sovcrn-
ment. 1t is part of the aims of de-
mocraCy, Gen. Carranza said.
Gen. Carranza is a great believer in
women's rights. II was he who pro-
mulgated the present divorce laws in
Mexico. Unit. then YES could expect
little help from the courts If they were
deserted or maltreated by their hus-
bands. Carranza realized the injustice
of the situation and it was his inf'u-
hat brought aaIut the present
divorce courts in Mexico.
For the past eight months Gen. Car
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

the system. indiyidualism, was stiurN
in the brief period last spring. lu
fact, the system of teaching at the
Spcyer School is not M ~ stem. bat
twelve systems.
When p child walks into a classroom
to TAX" his place as "A pupil he Is ne
stranger to the teacher win greetS
him. Though she never may have
Seen him before. she knows him ana
his peculiarities from his earliest
years. More than that, she knows his
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

habits of.m!nd, his likes, his avcrSions.
his general mental processes, things
that the average parent never learns.
II Is no eXaggeration % say that she
knows him better than his own par,
entS do.
That teacher has been furnished with
every detail Of the child's history. Al
the outset every boy and girl is en-
amined to determine under what gen
eral classification the case comes. In
some instances il is found that some
ordinary physical abnormallty. undo
tcctcd by the family. Is responsible for
much of the backwardn"ss. Defective
teeth, %adenolds. large tonsils, malnutri-
tlu,i, are among the commonest causes
it Is found Of retarded mental devcl-
opmcnt.
Epilepsy or Tickets may HAY checked
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1915-10-24

col. T.. l...'g the .nlustIccs which
were ,u.iI. Z uV.u his less fortunate
cuuntrymen lie began to inquire INTO
the causes ana ,he conditions. Soon
he discovered that his vast country.
with al It's natural wealth, was IN the
hands ui "a very few rich people. but
the great majority had no opportuni-
ties Whatever.
lie sought to improve conditions and
telp his fellow c%ounIrymcn 10y les.sla-
tive measures. HIS position in society
and rs education made il easy for
linn 'u enter the political field.
~" first thing that marked Car
rduZl'S entrance into the political
arena WAS a local revolt against the
Governor Of his state. The Governor
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1915-12-07
lion on this high plane rests almost
with the administration. II

tion on this high plane rests almost
entirely with the administration. IT
II should be SO unwise as to try to
get a campaign advantage OF this mat
ter. 1t Is more than likely to find IL:
self In an embarrassment from which
1t will be luck to cxtricate itself with
anything like honor and credit TO IT.
self.
That should be az apparent to the
administration leaders. as 1t is plain
ly obvious to the American people.
The dominant party Is badly divided
on the issue. II faces a bitter inter
necine strife. II this country is
placed on proper military founda-
ton by the present Congress, II will
be done with the help of the minority
party. II cannot be accomplished
otherwise"
Discussing the subject further Mr..
Cooper referred to the history Of the
Republican party rs furnishing ample
and consistent proof that favoring a
large navy and an adequate army has
always been one Of its fixed and
faithfully-followed policies. There
has never been any price at any fac
ton in our party TO combat. We have
been signally united for liberal APP
preparations for the navy and what,
In their time, were considered suffi-
GENTLY large appropriations for the
army" declared the Mercer county
congressman.
Congressman Cooper had very
satisfactory conference with Minor
ity Leader Mann today. and came
off from the meeting With the feeling
that he is going to be placed on one
or more important House committees,
Being practical mining man. and
knowing that business from top to
bottom. 1t is predicted with consider
able assurance by HIS friends that
Cooper will draw a berth on the COM
mittee on mines and mining. He
will be very highly pleased II that
should be the case.
Il. c. Lilly. of Bluefield. who Is sec
rotary to Congressman Cooper. ar
rived yesterday and took charge Of
the Cooper Office which is on the third
floor of the house Office building.