davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-11-02
THE HANDLING
OF FRUIT

One of the notable changes in the
fruit industry is the improved meta
DDS of packing and handling 1t.
Many Of US who we're brought up as
boys on or near farms have a vivid
memory of the careless way in which
the average farmer used to handle
his fruit,
The old timer used TO sling around
such fruit as apples, as II a bald
win was a stick OF wood. An apple
looks like az II 1t had a pretty hrm
texture. But slight dent or abra
sion starts decay which soon spreads
throughout that specimen, and IL
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-11-02
WENT TO THE HOSPITAL

c. E. Blanchard, postmaster. Bian'
chard, Cal, writes: 81 had kidney
trouble so bad ! mad 10 go TO the
hospital. Foley Kidney Pills com
pletely cured me-" Men and women
testify they Danish lame back, stiff
icints. sore muscles and sleep dis
turbing bladder ailments. Sold ey-
eTywhere ADV.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-11-02

Stop coughing! you rack the lungs
and worry the body. BALLARD'S
HoREHoUND SYRUP checks irrita.
ton, heals the lungs and restores
comfortable breathing. Price Csc,
SOC and 81 90 per bottle. Sold by
Ritter Bros. Drug Co.-Adv.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-11-02

Irregular bowel movements lead to
chronic constipation and consti-
pated habit fills the system with I'M
purities. HERBINE Is a great bow
el regulator. 1t purifes the system
vitalizes the blood and puts the d.
gestive organs IN fine vigorous con-
dition. Price soc. Sold by Ritter
Bros. Drug Co.-Adv.,
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1915-11-02

Cal at this office and get bundle
of old papers for a nickel. Just the
thing for starting fires.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
VALUE OF THE COVER CROPS
Object 10 to Add Humus to Soil and
Turn u Back 10 Farm az Mature
Prepared In Beginning.

Fall sowing OF catch or cover crops
In the orchard and on ground that has
had a crop removed by the harvest is
good plan in many instances. The
object is to add humus to the soil and
turn II back to the farm as nature pre-
pared the soil in the beginning. In
many soils the mineral elements re-
main but the humus has been removed
by successive cropping OF land.
The average soil Of many orchards
show q considerable amount of potash.
phosphate and other necessary ele-
ments; by sowing OF leguminous crops
nitrogen il added to the soil and a
large amount Of cheap fertility OBJ
tanned.
Where a cover crop, such as Grim
son clover, hairy vetch. cowpeas. soy
beans, ETC., are sowed on ground after
the last cultivation, and then turned
under in late fall or early spring. not
only 10 fertility increased. but this
green manure acts as a sponge. makes
soil more porous, and holds water
longer. II will tighten stiff clay soils,
which is often desired and makes the
soil darker, hence warmer In the early
spring.
A good plan to follow in the central
West in orchards is to provide clean
cultivation through the spring months
until the middle or latter part OF June,
then seed to cowpeas or soy beans,
either broadcast or in drills. In lati-
tudes where crimson clover (annuaD
will stand the winter months, II
makes one OF the best cover crops that
can be sown. In the spring after the
few weeks growth, 1t can be turned
under to good advantage.
Where orchard land is subject to
washing OF soil. cover crops should be
sown every fall before fall rains come.
In connection with cover crops. a
coating OF well rotted manure applied
during winter or early spring. and
turned under with the cover crops. is
a good plan. and the time and money
spent In adding this necessary humus
and fertility to the soil will prove
profitable investment
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
GROWING THE SWISS CHARD
Vegetable, Little Known to United
States Few Years Ago, Gaining
Rapidly In Popularity.

A few years ago this vegetable was
little KIN, IN In the United States, but
II is now grown In thousands OF home
gardens and is on all our truck
farms
The Italians OF our large cities are
especially fond OF It. and the demand
Is increasing among Americans
The leaves are valuable as green's,
and the leaf stems are excellent when
cooked and served on toast in the
same way as asparagus.
The plants are as hardy as cabbage
or lettuce The seed Is usually sown
In the open ground where the plants
are to stand all summer. Chard is an
easy crop TO start in hotbeds or green
houses. transplanting into cold frames
and finally into the garden. The crop
attains a marketable size probably 3
month earlier II glass is used in start
ing the plants.
These require practically the same
treatment In the hotbed and the cold
frame as cabbage and may be set In
the field just as early. provided the
plants are properly handled.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
WOULD DWARF FRUIT TREES
Pomoioalst Of Department OF Aorieui-
turs Presents Novel Proposition
to Increase Yield.

A novel proposition to Increase the
orchard yield OF the country by dwarf
ing all fruit trees and plants was ad-
vocated by Prof. c. p. Close. a pomol-
ogist OF the department Of agriculture,
in lecture on THE Home Fruit Gar
den." delivered before the Washington
Y. M. c. A. Professor Closes lecture
was one OF others delivered by ex-
perts OF the department. designed to
help the city man reduce the cost of
living by teaching him how to grow
fruit, vegetables and flowers In his
own back yard.
II grow 40 varieties OF fruits on less
than q quarter OF an acre of land at
my own home" said Professor Close,
and any other man can do the same.
The secret lie in dwarfing all trees by
pruning or pinching on the top buds
till they do not exceed a height OF two
feet above the ground. In this way
the full strength OF the tree or plant
In given entirely to fruiting."
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
HIGHWAY
IMPROVEMENT
REAL VALUE OF HARD ROADS
Illinois Man Gives Interesting Faets
and Figures Comparing Worth
Of Brick and Earth.

w. T. Blackburn Of Paris. Edgar
county. Illinois. has studied the ques-
ton OF hard roads as to their value
in dollars and cents to the farmer.
and here is what he says about 1t:
Il recently observed the revenue
from two separate farms OF 800 acres
each located in the corn belt OF ILL
nois. one at the end Of a four-mile
brick paved road; the other at the end
Of a four-mile mud road. These farms
should produce under the ordinary ro-
tation OF crops annually 26S tons OF
corn. so tons Of oats and 12O tons Of
hay. or $50 tons In the aggregate to
be delivered over four miles Of road
way On the brick road there has
been delivered IL tons OF grain In one
trip by one team. using i've wagons,
while on the earth road two tons were
all that could be delivered by q simi-
lar team
The haul being four miles In both
cases. and as they could make three
trips a day, "a miles team travel. the
six tons per day at cost for team and
wagon OF $3.50. thus making a cost OF
rs cents per ton for the four-mfle
haul. On the brick road the delivery
was 80 tons per day at a cost OF 1871
cents per ton on a four-mile haul. A
difference Of IS cents per ton In the
cost OF delivery in favor OF the brick
road, or a difference OF 1854 on the $50
tons delivered.
This is only q small percentage Of
the actual loss to the farmer living on
the earth road. as he has had to sell
his grain at time when the roads
were In condition that It could be de-
ivered without regard to the price Of
his product
From actual experience It has been
demonstrated that this would repre-
sent loss OF $3.50 per ton on corn.
$3.50 per ton on oats. and IS per ton
on his hay. making loss In the aggre-
gate OF 1920 on account OF not being
able to deliver at the best market
price.
This. with the loss In cost OF deliv-
cry. makes s1.1s4. or 10 per cent on an
investment OF 3l1,S40. an increase In
value OF $50 per acre on his 3.O-acre
farm.
This represents the investment In q
nine-foot brick highway that has cost
the taxpayers OF the township $4,000
per mile. or II all OF the principal
highways OF the township could be I'M
proved. would only represent Q tai on
all OF the property. or 10 per acre.
These brick roads are not liabili-
ty. they are an asset They don't cost
you money-they make you money. II
isn't a question OF whether you can
AFFORD brick roads-the question Is.
how you can get money enough to-
gether to do without them. Bad roads
cost like the mischief. The most ex-
pensive road 10 the one you cannot
use.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04

so they can tell where they stand.
He closed by giving some important
facts about silOs and how the State
Experiment Station would help
build them.
JEFF Morgan. the next and last
speaker, who is agent for the East
ern part of Kentucky, gave a very
concise and pointed talk on "CO-
operation" He emphasized the i'm
portance OF the Farmers Meetings
because il was a place where they
could find out how to help them
selves. Farmers should organize
small clubs in their several COM
munities and discuss farm problems.
He told Of the great good that had
been derived thereby in Christian
County. Kys where many Farmers
Clubs were organized. How they
formed purchasing committees and
reduced the price Of fertilizers. That
they were raising more barley than
any County in Kentucky.
At the conclusion OF this speech.
President Spence, our own good
agent, told of the good work some OF
his organized clubs were doing in
Rockcastle County. How Conway,
very small place on the L. & N. r. r..
had made such large shipments of
wheat during the past year. Mr..
Spence is not only helping our
farmers with the problem OF soil
fertility. but is encouraging fruit
growing. by having farmers spray
and prune their orchards.
Before the meeting closed IL was
moved and seconded that the farmers
around Berea meet on the last Sat-
urday OF every month, and help
each other 10 be better farmers. II
was also moved and seconded that
the meeting as whole ex-
tend our thanks 10 Professor
+. o. Clark and Berea Col
lege for the use of their build
ings and cooperation in helping TO
make better farmers and citizens.
The meeting then adjourned till
March 81. 1915.
Signed.
Meredith Gabbard. Secretary.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
Ii Will Make You
Feel Better With
Yourself and all
the World - =
Go to Church Because:

70 TO CHURCH,
" With the advent Of cool weather many churches are
planning a revival Of the GO TO CHURCH movement
which such suspicious in the spring During
Of summer there lack Of enthusiasm
ministers Of the gospel all the seeking to
awaken the public to Of their spiritual obligations
INDICATIONS THAT THIS IS ABOUT TO
WITNESS THE GREATEST RELIGIOUS REVIVAL IT HAS
EVER KNOWN cLEaoYmEN REPORT LAST SPRING
THERE WAS MAGNIFICENT ATTENDANCE AT ALL CHURCHES
WHILE THERE WAS A FALLING OFF DURING THE SUMMER
MONTHS. IT WAS PgRcePTeLe AS IN FORMER
YEARS MANY ctERcYmeN TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE vAcA.
TON PERIOD TO IMPROVE REPAIR THE HOUSES OF woR.
Now that the clergymen have the people GOING TO
CHURCH they should to keep them going. Clergymen
should only make Gods house attractive. they should
make the They should
interesting without being sensational GET AFTER THE
BACKSLlDER ~ THE CONGREGATION COAX HIM
HE'LL GO
THERE IS NO DENYING THE FACT MAN WHO GOES
TO CHURCH REGULARLY IS BENEFITED PHYSICALLY MORALLY
AND FINANCIALLY. He BECOMES CLEAN AND IN
MIND " he IS A BUSINESS MAN NeoHsoas WILL PAT.
RoNzE HIM BECAUSE IS GOD FEARING AND HONEST. "
He IS AN EMPLOYEE HIS EMPLOYERS FAITH IN HIM
WHEN THEV see HIM GO TO CHURCH. so MANY
APPARENT REASONS GOING BENEFICIAL
THAT IT SEEMS suPeRFLuous TO eNuMgaArs THEM
GO To CHURCH.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
DAIRY
DO NOT CHANGE THE BREEDS
Some Goods Cows May Be Obtained,
But There viii BE Lack OF UNI
forr,ity OF Production.

To change breeds every now and
then is poor practice. One should
be very careful before the particular
breed Is chosen. To use a Holstein
sire one year In order to obtain a
large flow OF milk, a Guernsey sire an
other year to secure richness OF milk.
and Shorthorn sire the next time to
obtain more beef In the offspring. II
the wrong principle to employ In the
breeding and raising Of good cows.
Undoubtedly some good cows will be
obtained in the herd from such meth
DDS Of procedure. but there will be no
uniformity OF size. form, appearance
and production, and the owner has no
assurance OF what he is going to get
In the future. II is a case OF too many
In the mixture. and II is guess work
as to which one will come to the top.
First, select the breed with great
care, then stick to 1t. II a mistake is
made the first time in obtaining poor
specimens, and poor producers, then
rectify the mistake as soon as possible
by selecting the right kind OF a sire
belonging to the same breed to head
the herd. or by selling the animals al
ready bought. and purchasing better In
dividuals belonging to the same breed.
1t Is usually safer to try to improve
within the same breed than 1t is to
improve by changing to a different
breed. There are good individuals and
good strains within any Of the breeds
Intended for a particular purpose
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
CLUBS FOR 1915

All boys and girls who wish TO
join corn club, potato club, poultry
club, peanut club. tomato club. and
pig club. send in your name. age
and address at once to County
Agent at Berea, Ky. This includes
boys and girls between 10 and IL
years of age living in parts of Mad
ison. Estill. Jackson. and RockcastIe
counties nearest to Berea, Berea be-
ing the center of the territory.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04

front because In the estimation Of
practical farmers they bring in the
greatest profit. says Farm and Home.
or late there has been a tendency
to unduly magnify certain lines Of
Holstein breeding and to push prices
to high marks-in other words
boom. in which prices with four and
Ave figures are common. 1t may be
that bull calves are worth $4,000 to
$4,000 each. but no one Is justified by
past experience in paying any such
amount OF real money unless he can
AFFORD to lose It. When cows sell for
several thousand dollars. they become
the rich mans plaything. rather than
the poor mans support.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
Depth OF Seeding

II the seed is sown broadcast IL
should be covered by a shallow disk
ing or thorough narrowing. Usual
ly, II the field has been double-disk-
ed and narrowed and is in good con d.
dition before seeding, narrowing
twice will cover the seed sufllci-
emily.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04

His invention comprises q basket
h provided with slots while the NOV
able member IL 90 constructed and
pdvotsd that II turns and In 90 doing
In tssth pass the slots Of the fixed
portion and thus act as shears. Any
fruit to be picked from the tree 10
approached by this device-mountsd
on . long pole held By the person
standing on the sround-snd when the
stem OF the fruit 10 between the teeth.
q string II pulled and the stem 10 cut
By the movable blades. The fruit then
drops into the basket. which 10 ready
to receive IL
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
H0LSTEINs ARE IN DEMAND
Popular Among Dairy Breeds Because
They Bring In Most Profit
Hardy and Prolific.

Observation-Disclosures are very popular
among the dairy breeds. They pro-
duce great quantities of good milk at
low cost. are hardy. healthy. hand
some and prolific. and when one Ia
through with the old COW as Q milk
machine there is plenty of meat for
beef or bologna The Holsteins have
son their way on merit and good adj
vertising. and they will stay to the
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04

after having had one ton OF manure
TO the acre put on with manure
spreader" and 200 lbs. OF phosphate
per acre. The corn was cultivated
regularly with small tooth cultiva-
tors and produced 10 bu. per acre.
J. X. Baker having had a similar
experience with his farm near Berea
was called 10 the front 10 tell how
he did Il. Mr.. Raker encouraged the
farmers present To invest literally
IN fertilizers as IL would without
any doubt repay them, not only in
the first years production. but in
the years TO follow. He told about
where he once only gathered 500
bushels Of corn on a 30-acre field
last year he gathered 1925 bushels.
The statement Of these men is SUN
cient proof that il pays.
w. ID. Nichols Of Lexington. Ky,
was our next speaker. He discuss
ed at length "Silos and Dairying"
and was given very close attention.
MIR. Nichols believes in farming, be-
lieves in il enough to invest all he
has IN farm near Lexington, and
is running a dairy there. He said
1t always had been his greatest fun
TO try 20 make two blades of grass
grow instead Of one. He points with
pride 10 the fact of having hauled
more loads of manure than any man
of his age. one reason why he is
so interested in dairy cattle, is they
help TO pay his bills and improve his
land. After ALL he said, il is soil
fertility, which is the basis of all
farming. In touching upon the sub
ject of fertilizers, Mr.. Nichols says
il takes mighty good judgment be-
fore farmers know how to use fer
filters. II is all right for farmers
TO experiment, but it ought TO be on
a small scale. But very few of our
experiment stations make any
money. He thinks grass is one of
our best crops, because il feeds our
stock and prevents our soil from
washing. Use the level land for
corn and the sloping land for grass.
The English farmers are great grass
growers. Mr.. Nichols says it is
highway robbery to not haul back
what belongs 10 the sOil-the ma
nure.
Live stock encourages crop rota-
ton and produces plenty of manure.
The amount Of manure a cow pro-
duces in a year is worth S32. DR.. |
Hopkins, the great experimenter,
says plant corn, sow wheat, then
clover and always keep the manure
and straw on the land. The ad-
vantage Of keeping a dairy COW.
as seen by Mr.. Nichols. is she is an
economical producer. six times bet
ter than the steer. Denmark proved
this when they produced over
si0O,OO0.OOO worth Of dairy products.
II supports nine times the popula-
ton OF Kentucky. and the fertility
Of the soil is not as good as some
OF the land in Kentucky. The dairy
communities stand for good schools.
roads and churches.
Mr.. Nichols concluded by advo-
eating that all farmers take an in
yentory Of everything on the farm !
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
Treating for Smut
BEREA FARMERS MEETING

The Farmers Meeting which con-
vened IN Berea. ny. February 81
1915, was one Of the most enthusi-
astic farmers meetings ever held in
Berea. After being called Ia order
by the president, Robert Spence,
the assembly was led in prayer by
Jesse Baird. a student and teacher in
Berea College. The president made
a short Introductory address stating
the purpose Of the meeting. and tell
ing about the great value the Farm
ers' Institutes have been towards
improving farm conditions in Madi-
son County. He explained how these
farmers meetings could be made
more interesting and helpful. IL ev-
cry one would come bringing his best
ideas 10 give and farm problems to
be discussed.
Prof 7. q. Clark. dean Of the Vo-
calional Department OF Berea Col
lege. was the first speaker intro
duced who spoke very briefly on
FERTILIZERS" He said, IL began
learning about fertilizers when was
seven years old and have been
learning ever since"
He explained why so many Of our
farmers are not improving their
farms was because Of the simple
fact that they don't think their land
needs lime.
He said the first thing the farmers
need TO know is what the soil needs.
II the land is wet and sour, il needs
TO be drained and lined.
He advocates the experimental
habit for farmers, trying out things
for themselves, using small plots Of
land and trying fertilizers on differ
ent soils, thus finding which are
dapted for corn. for wheat, oats,
barley, etc. Professor Clark says
farmers expect results too soon.
The greatest aim in using fertilizers
should be permanent improvement
OF cur lands.
w. l.. Flanery, farm superintend-
ent Of Berea College, was the second
speaker introduced. speaking on the
subject OF "H6w TO Reclaim Land
He took a thirty-acre field now own.
ed by Berea College as an example
OF what had been done by thing,
lining and fertilizing land. At one
time before Berea College bought 1t,
and began 10 improve ii. one dollar
and fifty cents per acre was consid-
cred fair price for it. Thirty-two
years ago IL was planted in corn and
produced nothing. AT that time II
was covered with broom sage or
wild grass and was not drained.
Thirteen years ago IL was planted
in corn and failed again. In 1911
IL was tiled with 4 in. concrete tile
60 feet apart. II was then plowed
8 in. 10 "a in. deep in the month OF
February and narrowed deeply. In
May il was sown TO cowpeas and
produced one ton OF good hay per
acre. Then il was sOwn in rye and
pastured the following spring. The
stubble was plOwed under and 1t
was sown in cowpeas again. The
third year ii was planted in corn, !
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
Agreement 10 Far Away.

The pros and cons OF dairy farming
are likely to be discussed for a long
time before an agreement is reached;
and. in the meantime. the COW Ia push
ing herself to the front in regions
where she has not been highly
esteemed.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04

Young calves must Be given every
opportunity for health and growth.
Avoid putting too many COWS In one
pasture to reduce The fssd 10 the
smallest quantity for each COW.
Don't neglect any broken wires tn
the barbsd wire fence whore the dairy
herd IL pastursd. Gu, uddsrs are noe
profitable.
II there 10 the least idea In yous
mind that any Of your COWS are
troubled with tuberculosis. use ths
test at once.
When possible test the cows miik
before boyins her. and rsmsmbsr n
does not pay TO buy . COW whose
milk tests much below three per osnl
The COW and calf should b sr~du4i.
" wsansd from each Other. and =
that end thar quartsrs. when ssessse
q sA0sld - IN pssxamsU - 90
seAg.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
Brings on Scours.

Injudicious feeding Of the SOW usu.
ally brings on scours In young pigs.
This often proves fatal to the pigs,
and II they recover. there is a loss
Of growth that is hard to regain. A
good remedy Is teaspoonful Of cop
peras dissolved In the cows food.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
Keeping Improbable Cove

II you had hired man who was not
earning enough to pay his board would
you keep him long! Then why do
you keep the COW that does not make
enough milk to pay for her kept
Many farmers are doing just that
thing
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1915-03-04
FRUIT PICKING MADE EASY
Work sImpIifisd by Use Of Device Pat
sntsd by Southern Inventor
Operated by String.

Fruit picking should certainly be
simplified by the use Of q new device
just patented by a Southern inventor.
His invention comprises a basks
made OF q fixed and a movable mem