davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
JITNEY BUS OPERATOR
GIVEN SUSPENDED FINE

Otis Sprout jitney bus operator be-
tween Mishawaka and South Bend,
was given a suspended fine of 81 and
costs amounting to S11.5O in the city
police court,by Judge Feig, on charges
of speeding SprOut was arrested sew
eral weeks ago. 1t was found that he
had exceeded the speed limit by but
a few miles.
oscar DeMonk in the city police
court was dismissed when he prom
ised to return waste lumber taken
from a contractor on w. Seventh ST.
DeMonk explained TO the court that ii
was his children who had taken the
lumber without his knowledge.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
BAPTTSNIS.

Edward Eliqiucz. the infant son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Dennis GOrka, 221S Ken
wood av., will be baptized this even
ing at $50 o'clock at the st. Stanis-
laus church. Rev. Roman Marciniak.
c. S. c.. pastor Of the parish, will
perform the ceremony.
The god-parents will be Rev. 6. J.
GOrka Of Chicago, and Mrs Michael
Hazinska.
Gertrude, infant daughter OF Mr..
and Mrs. Badislaus Wegner, Fisher
St. has been baptized at the st. Cas-
imier's Catholic church. The cere-
mOny was performed by Rev. Stanis-
laus GruZa, G. 9. c.
The gOd-parents are Mrs. Mary
Kajzer and Joseph Duszynski.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
ENTERTAIN AT DINNER.

Mr.. and Mrs. w. K. Konzen, III
Lincoln way W. pleasantly entertain
ed st q G o'clock dinner Monday
evening in henor Of Ray Miller of
Cleveland, o., and Walter Miller OF
Defiance, O.. who are the guests Of
Ronald and the Misses Geraldine and
Angela O'Neill. Covers were laid for
seven. The decorations were roses
Ray Miller is a graduate Of the law
department Of the Notre Dame uni
versity Of 1914 and classmate OF
Ronald O'Neill. Walter Miller is now
a student at the Notre Dame univer-
sity
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
DANIELS ISSUES DENIAL
Secretary Says He Wasn't Asked to
Furnish League a Gun Crew.

WASHINGTON. June 15.-Sec'y of
the Navy Daniels today gave an official
denial Of the report published in New
York that he had Withdrawn a gun
crew from the convention Of the Sc
curity league in that city. He said he
had never been asked to furnish a
gun crew to illustrate the use of or
dinance at the convention and his only
correspondence with the convention
managers was 10 grant a request that
a 14-inch shell and a torpedo be
loaned for the occasion.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
MEMORIAL SERVICE.

A solemn high mass was celebrated
Monday morning at $50 O'clock at
the st. Cashiers Catholic church in
memorial for the late Rev. Eligiusz
Raczynski. formerly pastor OF the
parish. The mass was read by Rev.
Casimier Truszynski. c. s. c., acting
as celebrant. Rev. Stanislaus Gruza.
c. S. c., as deacon. and Rev. Obrien,
c. 5. c., as sub-deacOn. A large num-
Der of faithful parishioners attended
the service.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
STEREOPTTCON AT THE TABER-
NACIE

At the tabernacle. corner of Park
av. and Cedar St, Monday night, Mr..
Garnsey. superintendent of the Nurses
Training school at wabash Valley SAN
itarium, gave a most entertaining and
instructive lecture on health, in which
ne emphasized the predisposing and
exciting causes of various diseases.
Many interesting stereopticon views
were shown.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
IN HONOR OF BRIDEs-ELECT.

The children of Mary sodality will
entertain at a reception Thursday
evening at the home OF Miss Bertha
Schmitt, 326 S. Union ST., in honor Of
Miss Mayme Cummings and Miss
Rose Mailer, VINO are to be married
soon. Miss Cummings is TO wed
George Lang and Miss Mailer will
marry Edward Brown.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
PERSONALS.


John Jastrzabowski has returned
to Michigan City after a brief visit
here.
Leonard GuzIowski of Cleveland. is
in the city on business.
Charles Slowacki arrived here this
morning from Grand Rapids to spend
few days with relatives and friends.
Mrs. Josephine Hoffman of Chicago
is in the city visiting with friends.
Stanley LewandOwski Of Chicago,
who has been here for a few days
visiting with friends. left today for
Fort Wayne.
Walter Grydacz has returned to
Detroit after a few days visit here
with friends.
Peter AdamOwicz Of Peru, ILL.,, is in
the city visiting with friends.
Miss Clara Krydlowska has return
ed to Whiting after short visit here
with friends.
Ladislaus Habicki arrived here this
morning from Niles on business.
IgRatius Wesolek returned today to
his home in Eye, Ind, after a few
weeks visit with relatives and friends
here He was the guest of Mr.. and
Mrs. William Wesolek, 7S5 Cleveland
av.
Michael Jablonski. who has been
here visiting with friends, returned TO
his home in Chicago Tuesday.
John Sobinski has arrived here
from Michigan City on business.
Miss Mary Nastkiewicz, Prairie av..
left Monday afternoon Tor Toledo 10
spend a few weeks with relatives.
Rev. s. J. GOrka arrived here this
afternoon from Chicago on an official
visit.
Miss Stella Bucholtz, s. Walnut st.
who has been seriously i'll for several
days, is now much improved. DR..
Fierce is attending her
Miss Agnes Zabka of Lansing has
arrived here for a few days visit with
relatives and friends. She is the
guest of Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Moelelr,
2120 w. Ford st.
Theophil Axiom has arrived here
from Pittsburgh to spend a few days
with Frank Weber, 211 Michigan av
Anthony Cislewski, who has been
here visiting with friends, returned to
Chicago Monday afternoon.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15

QUEENSTOWN. June Is. - The
bodies OF two -Lusitania victims. which
we're picked up at sea by a trawler.
were brought here today. together
With baggage marked "Skelling." En-
gun at once.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
TO MEET AT CHURCH.

The Ladies' auxiliary of the English
Lutheran church will hold its meeting
Wednesday afternoon in the Sunday
school rooms of the church instead Of
the home Of Mrs. Carrie Swinehart,
SOC Lincoln highway w.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
LEAVE FOR EXPOSITION.

Lieut.. Gov. and Mrs. w. p. O'Neill
and son, Dennis. and daughter, Ger
trude. sos w. Joseph St. left Tues
day for San Francisco. Calf, where
they will visit the Panama exposition.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
WILL ENTERTAIN CIRCLE.

Mrs. John Fetters, 205 f. Eighth St,
will entertain the st. Mary's Sewing
circle at her home Thursday after
noon.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
LOCKWOOD FUNERAL.

The funeral OF J. II. Lockwood was
held from the residence north Of the
city Tuesday Afternoon at 900
O'Clock. Rev. AR. Forsythe officiated.
Burial occurred in the Pleasant Val
ley cemetery.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
GLASS TO MEET.

The Euphemia Bible class or the
Methodist Sunday school VIII be en-
tertained Wednesday evening by Mrs.
j. +. HOlderman and Mrs. Book, at
the home of the former. 233 e. Grove
st
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
SrOCKHOLDFRs, MEETING.

The stockholders and annual meet
ing of the Mishawaka Trust q saw
ings Co. will be held wednesday. June
16. 1915. at o'clock p. m, in the
banking rooms of the company, No.
1O2 Lincoln way w, Mishawaka' lnd,
for the purpose of electing directors
and transacting such other business
as may be presented
stanley Mcintosh, Secy. and Treas.
Adv.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
ILL WITH SCARLET FEVER.

katherine, the daughter Of Mr. and
Mrs. Henry ]. Steketee, 303 w. Sixth
St. is i'll with scarlet fever. The
residence has been placed under
quarantine
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
BIRTHS.

Born to Mr. and Mrs. Wladyslaus
Hazinski. a daughter. June IA.
Born to Mr.. and Mrs. Stanley
Pacholski, 1924 w. Durham St, a
son, June IA.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
IN CRITICAL CONDITION.
PICK UP TWO BODIES

The condition OF Martin Mullen, III
F.. Eighth st. is critical
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
Rv Hi Sihler-

bN III NiDttN.
PARIS. May 29.-Paris is overrun
with a species of rodent battered by
the name OF "Pekinese Spaniel" He
is an insignificant. shivering. shrink
ing handful of pop-eyed caninity with
about as much aggressiveness as a
wood violet. TOwed along the boule-
ward by a large. cOmplacent dame he
looks like q knot in the end OF his
leash, and his natural gait, when pro-
PEELED by his comical little stumps or
legs, gives him the appearance Of
some kind of woody vibrator.
You encounter him everywhere.
Most Of them are provided with bells
so that the thOughtless pedestrian
won't mistake them for some kind OF
funny bug and stem on en-. but those
who haven't any kind of warning sig
nal make their presence evident by
winding their hawsers about your legs.
and leaving you opposed to a one-sided
argument (since you ca9 speak no
French) on the part OF their pilot.
Situations such as these are not TO my
liking. and / have experienced quite n
few. Still, this Partisan purp is such
a helpless little crittur that one can
feel no animosity toward him, though
the liberty he is given rather gets on
ones nerves. / saw one Of them asleep
in q basket of new bread.
They are not restricted to a limited
territory any more than a California
flea is. which. all who have enCount-
cred this sociable insect. must admit
is considerable mixer. Our clerk at
the hotel had one, Ga purp, not fiea,)
which he kept on the desk for blot
ter, l suppose. At any rate Nero-yes.
that was really it's name-was there
most Of his waking hours, though
once he did get up enough spunk 10
venture into the dining room. He
did not tarry long however. for a
cranberry on the floor affixed Nero
with its bloody gaze and Nero re-
treated in panic. l daresay his heart
is palpitating yet. if it didn't jump
out of him entirely.
There is another dog popular IN
Paris. however. that there is some
sense to, he is the police dog. and very
popular as a pet. To the unfamiliar
he appears to be a rank mongreL
sort of cross between a wolf and
hound, but I an told they are clear
breed, and have many of the qualities
of the Airedale. In price they run as
high as $500. Occasionally one sees
in the parks a pair of greyhounds, or
a Russian hound. which is mighty
handsome animal, however useful he
may or may not be.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
MRS. FOUST TO ENTERTAIN.

Mrs. Foust, f. Joseph st, will en-
terrain the members Of the Home
Grove Drill Team club Wednesday
evening.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
MlSHAWAkA CLASSIFIED.

FOR SALE OR RENT-A fine manu-
featuring plant. good brick build
ings, $4,000 square feet floor space,
steam heated, well-lighted. operated
by never failing water power located
on New York Central Lines and Grand
Trunk. John ]. SCHNEIDER, Agent.
Mishawaka, Ind.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15

StereopticOn health lectures this
week at tabernacle, corner of Park
and Cedar SITS. Adv.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
FUNERALS

The funeral of Edward Pietrzak,
nine-months-old son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Thomas Pietrzak. 42S s. Harris St.
who died Sunday evening after a brief
illness. was held this afternoon at 2
o'clock at the St Hedwige's church.
Rev Anthony Zubowicz. c. S. c.. Of
ficiated.
Burial was in St Joseph Polish
Gem etery.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15

Stereopticon lectures this week free
at Evangelical and Medical tent.
Adv.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15
Partisan Sidelights

Hi Sibley has enlisted in the
American ambulance service in
France 10 take part I'm the relief
work. Through this service he
Will be able 10 get very near the
front His term of enlistment IS
three months. Sibley writes thar
he is not likely 10 be able To
write much for the papers" dur
ing this time. inasmuch as fl is
very difficult - get anything out
of France ei'AeT by cable or by
mail
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1915-06-15

Come and see steTeopticon health
picture sat tabernacle tonight free.
Adv.
New Britain herald., 1915-12-16
Boston Store
The Busy Christmas Store Our Immense Stock
 Simplifies
 Gift Choosing

APRONS at the Apron Store. Hundreds and hundreds to select from every wanted kind to be found here, 25c to $1.5O.
 FANCY RIBBONS in Dresden ard fancy lowered wide widths for bags and fancy work A great assortment ( worth 15c to soc. Special price 1Oc to 25c.
 KID GLOVES for Ladies' and Chill dren. All the wanted kinds and colors long and short for $1.OO up. Christ mas boxes with each pair.
 BOYS AND GIRLS Lined Kid Gloves big variety, soc to $1.OO.
 LEATHER HAND shopping and Vanity, bags, wonderful showing of : new styles soc to $5.OO .' CHRISTMAS UMBRELLAS for Men, Women and Children, fast color. Gloria and Silk, soc to $4.5O.
 WE ARE HEADQUARTERS for Ladies Silk hose, every wanted kind can be found here, plain or fancy striped, two-tone etc., put up in fancy boxes, .25c to $2.00 pair.
 MEMS SILK HOSE, 25c, 3Sc, soc pair.
 LEATHER Travelling Bags, Tan Black, $1.9S to $6.OO CHRISTMAS BANK CHECKS
 CASHED HERE
New Britain herald., 1915-12-16
Lot 4. COATS at $27.5O

[ Monkiewicz be charged S46.5Ol connecting his property at Broad B <h streets with the sewer in H street. a. 1 Plblic Works Recommendation The board of public works rel mended the following:
 Building lines .on,ts both sides Henry street from Stanley streed [ Rocky Hill avenue, fifteen feet from the adopted street line. Light in Bond street between B| and Clinton streets and one in Du street off Allen street.
 Water main in Alden street.
 Grade lines on Clark street fro point 400 feet north of the old line to Lasalle street.
 Water main in Burritt street f Myrtle street about TOO feet south,
 Building lines on Kelsey street tween Stanley and Ghaprnan.- str fifteen feet back from the street
 Permit Camp Real Estate comm to connect property on wihth street extension east of Vance st with the sewer in Vance street.
 Building lines on both sides of , colt street from Hartford avenue West street.
 Permit Stanley Works to conr property between Burritt and Gu streets with sewer.
 Permit Frank Monkiewicz to e meet property on west side of Bo cfraaf with Itrno1 ufroat ~auy1w
 Permit Connecticut company to stall telephone service from Dwi street to Washington street.
New Britain herald., 1915-12-16
.PULlAR & NIVEN
IMMIGRATION FALLS
 FAR BELOW AVERAGE
Lowest in Twenty Years, Says
 Secretary of Labor in Report

sWashington, Dec. 16.-The tide
 Of emigration to the United States
 ebbed to, it's lowest point in more
 than twenty years during the past fiscal year, according to figures made
 public today in the annual report of Secretary Wilson, of the Depart ment of Labor.
 The total number of immigrant aliens, the report shows, fell from
 1,218,4S0 in the previous year to 326,- TGO in the period ending June 30 last. ..A All admitted arrivals of aliens immigrant and non-immigrant, were only 434,244 as compared with l.
 4O3,S01 the year before.
 ~ Show Notable Decrease.
 Departures of aliens, emigrant and non-emigrant, likewise show a not able decrease. For the fiscal year ofM914, departures were 633,SO5; for
 1915, 384, ,174. The fiscal year of 1915
 covers the period of sailing home of
 reservists from the beginning of the European war till June 30, last. Dur ing that time the emigrant aliens, pre- sumably including the number sailing to join the colors in Europe, were 204, 4,074, compared with 303,33S the previous twelve months. The non- emigrant aliens, departing totaled 1SO,10O for 1915 and 33O,467 for 1914, showing a net decrease for all alien departures of 249, 631. ~ > '1 Excess of arrivals over departures, aliens alone being considered, was konly 50,O70 in 1915. In 1914, the Iexcess was 769,276. ". ;
 IL 52,9S2 Under Fourteen. ' Of the 326, 700 immigrant aliens ad- mitted to the United States in the 1915 fiscal year, 52,9S2 were under ! fourteen years of age; 244,472 were l from fourteen years old and 29.- 246 were forty-fve or over. Those over fourteen who could neither read nor write numbered 35,O57, those \ able to read but not write were 392, making the total number of Hitter ates over fourteen, 35,449, or thirteen per cent.
 Reported aliens numbered 26,675. This included 24.111 excluded at ports and sent back to their country of origin and 2,564 arrested and ex- tpelled from the country. Of those Yexcluded, 2,722 were denied admission because they were contract laborers Average O1 SOO Each.
 Immigrants admitted to the country showed to customs officials money in their possession aggregating s19,56S,- bO00, an average of $6O each Each of 95,711 immigrants had moro than 1850; while 133,744 had less than $50 each. One hundred and ninety thou sand claimed to have paid their own passage across the Atlantic; 12S,146 said that their passage had been paid by relatives and 7,697 that it had been paid by persons other than relatives. With reference to exclusions the re- bort asserts.
 "Conditions during the past year were so abnormal that accurate conl- parisons with previous years are diff cu1t. Exclusions in 1913 amounted to 1.3$ per cent. of the number apply ling; in 1914 this was increased 10
 e3 per cent. and in the past year
 he increase has been so great as to
 leach 5.3 per cent
New Britain herald., 1915-12-16

street. ! Bridget and Mary Ryan for the abatement of interest on an old as sesSment for street improvement or 1 Fremont street amounting to $42.7S. Camp Real Estate company for permission to connect property on Winthrop street east of Vance street with Vance street sewer
 Joseph M. Zuk for sewer in Clin- ton street.
 John Oglson for the abatement of interest on an old sewer assessment on property at the corner of Fair view and Chestnut streets amounting to $79.15.
 Emil J. Danberg for a hearing on the claim of Harry Thurston, a boy who was injured by an electric print ing press at the Prevocational school on Nov. 5.
 Personal Tax Fees.
 The finance committee recommend ed the payment of bills incurred enrolment of the personal tax payers. The amounts are as fol- flows: Thomas J. Smith and William Ziegler, $192 each; Andrew Cher pack, $39; John F. O'Brien, s54; John O'Brien, $6; Frank Rogers, $9; James F. White, $2; total, $4e4.
 The same committee recommended hat F. B. Hungerford be paid SIPS -or his service in examininf records in the office of the town clerk from September 1, 1914, to September l. 1915
 The board of compensation and as- sessment recommended that Frank
New Britain herald., 1915-12-16

He suggested that they be paid over time either in wages or time added t' their vacations. He said Hartford New Haven, Bridgeport, Meriden Nor 1 wich and Waterbury pay the police i higher wages than New Britain slt 1 uation that does not increase the | peace of mind of the local blue1oats | The resolution was adopted. 1 On recommendation of the fourth l ward delegation, the council voted tC l abate two thirds of the sprinH Hlin l assessment of those property owners l on Chestnut, Stanley and Dwight 1 streets who had paid their assessment 1 in full in advance.
 Civil Service Board. | The committee on ordinances rec | commended the adoption of the fol- 1 lowing:
 Be it ordained by the common council of the city of New Britain: There shall be civil service board for the city of New Britain consist ing of four citizens to be appointed by the mayor. who shall serve without compensation. The necessary eXpen- ses of said board shall be paid by the city after approval by the common council.
 In the month of December. 1915. the mayor shall appoint four meEl- bers of said board to serve until the first day of June, 1917. In the month of May, 1917, the mayor shall ap" point two members of said board to serve for term of four years and two members of said board to serve for a term of four years and two members to serve for term of two years from the first day of June next succeeding their appointment respec- lively and biennially thereafter in the month of May the mayor shall apopint two members of the said board to serve for term of four years from the first day of June next succeeding their appointment.
 This resolution was adopted.
 Weigher's Report.
 James J. welsh, sealer of weights and measures, reported the following coal weights
 Billed Actual
 at Wgt. New Britain Lumber and Coal Co. 2,OOO 2,O25 1 Stanley Svea Grain and Coal Co. .........2 .2,OOO Z,O2o Sovereigns Trading Co.2.OO0 2,O15 J. P. Sullivan .. Z,o0o Z,olo $. Shurberg .2,O0O 2,OOO , City Coal and Wood Co.2,O00 2,O00 1 M. Irving Jester 2,2O0 2,20O ! Berson Bros. 2,0OO 2,OOO :,
 Building Plans Rejected. The report of Building Inspector A. 7 N Rutherford for six months showed 1 that during that time 22 applications ] for building permits had been re- ! loI fa1 Th,N inspector made 483 inspections and l turned over $629 to the city treasury. ] The report showed the cost of build | ings erected in a half year as $655,- l 915. N.w tenements added numbered 1 246. Number of new stores was 25.
 Petitions Received.
 The following petitions were receiv- ed:
 Horace Booth estate for a sewer in | Booth street from Lyman to Broad
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-22
Names On Posters, Cards, Etc.

Section 8 declares that every BILL
placard, poster, pamphlet, advertise
ment, newspaper advertisement, car
toon or other printed matter having
reference to an election or to any can
dIdate, shall bear upon the face thereof
the name and address of the person
or committee causing the same to be
published"
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-22

There are IA ambulance trains now run
ming in France each with a personnel
of three officers and AZ attendants of
other ranks and three nursing sisters.
The number conveyed depends on the
nature of the cases-whether sitting or
lying. Several of these trains were espe-
cally designed and built but the rest
were converted from the ordinary French
coaches, with rooms for staff, dispen-
saries. kitchen and stores. Eventually the
number of trains will be raised to "a
On arriving at one of the British mill
tary bases, the patient is carried in a
motor ambulance to fully equipped hos
pital. The permanent hospitals are d.
vided into general and stationary. The
general are the largest and best equipped
while the so-called stationary are in
tended to be mobile and moved up al
various points on the lines of commune
cation.
Red Cross and privately endowed hos
pitfalls are also found in the base cities
and receive their share of the wounded
Hotels, casinos, converts, schools and
temporary huts are used for both the
army and civilian hospitals.
The object of this system is to relieve
the fighting force of it's sick and wounded
as soon as possible not only to remove
MILITARY burden, but to give the
wounded the best care and, what il
often needed more than anything else. a
change of scene.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1915-08-22

Tor Russia Still, Japan is doing a good
deal especially in the direction of powder
and small ammunition. The powder is
sent over to Russia and there used for tile
manufacture of shrapnel and explosive
shells.
The private output of guns and ammuni-
ton is, generally speaking, controlled by
the Mitsui and Okura companies, who
attend to the distribution of the orders.
Guns are being manufactured at Toxic
and Osaka, and at the Mororan steel
works in Hokkaido, which is partly COLI
trolled by English capital. 1t is UNDER
stood also that the Mitsubishi company
at Nagasa and the Kawasah company
at Kobe are sharing in the manufacture.
A good part of this output was held up
by the recent congestion at the port nf
Nladivostok. When Japans contribution
to the munitions of Russia actually reach
their destination it is expected here that
there will be noticeable change for the
better in Russia's power of defense and
offense.