davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17

would have had the advantage OF our
modern turbines much sooner
Inc museum possesses model OF q
very carly machine designed by Sir
Isaac Newton in 1880 which was pro-
PEELED by jet OF steam protected
backward against the air. and :,
model OF Denis papin's invention OF
about the same, time. The inves,iEa.
tons OF Slavery and Papin and the sue.
cesSful experimental engines OF Thomas
Newcomer in 1905. with his pHton and
cylinder, soon followed Newcomers
ideas were improved by James Watt, i'm
1862 who also introduced the high
pressure engines. the condenser and
later tho douhic-acting engine. The de-
reiopment Of the engine was advanced
by cugnoi. Evans. iiornbiowcr and Muir
doch; model of the iatter's engine is
on display in the museum.
4 Welsh Case.
As The result OF :: wager made by
resident "f Mcrthyr Tydh. an i'm
portant iron town of South Wales, that
ne could convey load %! iron nine
miles by the power OF steam alone,
Richard Trcvithict made tho first en-.
CINE to run OH rails In 1903. and won tho
wager for his employer tho next year.
Trcvithick. II has been claimed, copied
the stationary engine built In 1900 by
Oliver Evans. all American, who was
later ingenious enough to attach wheels
W IL ECO" anu proper II by steam
through the streets OF philadelphia in
1904. This curious creation. called the
"Druktor Amphbolis." war the first
motor car TO run on American soil.
\ model OF rrevithick's engine is to
be seen in the National Museum. ne is
also the model OF the engine err
ploy,d by John Stevens In 1925 orI
his original tubular boiler. Other mod
els illustrate nearly all the types which
BEGAN ia put in their appearance soon
after ls2S. when the "Stuurbridra Lion"
was built in England and shiprc,l To
America, where u was .hc first engine
TO run on fun sized rails. Tho museum
posaessrs not only the model OF this
historic engine. but the original cngin.
itself, The other original full sized loco
motive 10 he seen in tho museum Is the
'john Bull" hult by George STEPHEN
son 81 Sons. OF England. and shipped to
America for use in 1881 on the Camden
and .smtoy Rnlroan. II IL interesting
10 recall tina, this old relic OF carlS'
railroadinS In America made Il round
trtp under its own steam in 1881 from
New York 10 CHICAGO. where II was ex.
h'bitcd at the Worlds Columbian Expo
ction.
Among tho models OF early and his
toric locomotives arc: George stephen
coE's Pocket" huiit il 1879: til. Balti-
built by Peter Cooper I'm 1929: the grass
hopper type engine, Arabian" OF 1881:
the Best Friend uscd In Is3o.iS3l:
i'aldwin's old I-onsides." constructed
IN 1892; the "SanGusky." built i'm 1897.
ANIL models OF cnaincs made by Asa
WhI'ney. In 1910. ana G. A Nichols.
in iSfS
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
War News Fifty Year, Ago

President Lincoln died at 7:22 O'Clock day
hci"r" yesterday morning Of the fearful wound
received ut the hands Of the assussn John Wilkes
Ho"th Tho assassin has not Yet been captured
General Grant. commander in chief of all tho
armies OF the United states. was expected to
arrive in this city from City Point Yesterday
afternoon. but the dreadful calamity which has
stricken down the chief magistrates called for
ms presence at the seat OF government. and he
returned from Fort Monroe Washington.
The National Republican SAYS: "on Friday
night last (" party OF soldiers dressed in Union
Earb entered tho house OF Mrs. Ftzhugi, In
Fairfax County, and carried off her silver plate
a set of rich furs and other valuablcs General
finds that the robbers really Union soldiers
ana they arc caught. they will be severely pun
shcd Mrs FitzhuEh is a very aged lady, and
is the aunt OF General Robert L: Lee
The officers OF the Richmond City Battalion
captured at Amelia Courthouse on the 9th
instant are Lieutenant Colonel Wyatt NJ Elliott,
colonel John IL. Grcanor. Captain William r.
Nilsson CAPTAIN John w, Fisher. Captain l.. l..
Bass Captain +. NJ Boykin, CAPTAIN Charles D.
Anderson. Lieutenant James VI. Bray. I.icutc,-
ant Robert ~ stephenson. Lieutenant T. T.
Sheppard. Lieutenant Thomas Fl Harris Iiou-
tenant George lcn and Lieutenant Samuel a
West Thcy are being held prisoners Of war
at city Point but Will ne parolcG In few, d,,.s
They all we'll
Among the prominent Confcderate officers UNI
paroed aud being s,ill held prisoners of war
are ar, Brisadier-G Generals Corse. Burton and Hun
ION; colonel Aylett and Lieutenant Colonel Tim
berinke. OF the Fifty-third Virginia Regiment;
Colonel Phillips, OF the Ninth Nirginu; Lieu
enant-Colonel Howard, of the artillery brigade;
Captain Howard, OF General c. W. c. Lees
staff Captain Smoot, OF the artillery brigade:
Captain Nelson Lieutenant Nelson Of tn.
Twenty eighth Virginia Regiment
The New York Herald says that an Official
statement, carefully made up at the United
states War Department. will show that the
number of Federal soldiers who have met death
on the field Of battle from wounds and from
sickness contracted In the army since the war
commenced, in 1861. reaches the startling total
OF 10000, or nearly quarter OF n million
rms statement does not include those who
partially recovered from wounds and sickness
were discharged and afterwards died. and these
are estimated at 10000.
General Hancock, in command Winchester
has issued an order similar the ono issued
here by General ord Informing all Confederate
soldiers OF the Army OF Northern Virginia that
the terms OF capitulation made at Appomattox
applies TO them
At last, Rlchmonds Gas Works arc working
again. There was good flow yesterday and
last night and the tallow dips were al a dis
count.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
For Healthy EMPLOYEES

II plans under consideration by Tho
baltimore and Ohio Railroad he adop.-
ed The future employment of men for
positions with that company will he
upon basis as to physical fitness STINT
lar |" that required 10 enter the United
states government service. Officials
working upon the proposed regulations
governing employment favor q plan OF
requiring those who in tic future apply
for positions in any branch OF the SER
vice TO undergo medical examination
10 ascertain whether or not they are
in good health.
Covering all grades OF employment.
this plan Is upon broader lines than
those applying to railroad and other
corporation service generally The
Baltimore and Ohio. like other trans
portation companies and employers Of
large working forces, requires its en-
ploEceS IN certain occupations to under
go physical examinations For instance
engineers and other trainmen arc OK.
amincd as to physical condition and
sight, and the dining car and restaurant
employees and all others handling food
served the public are required to be
in perfect health, but the new regula-
tons are aimed TO provide protection
also to employees engaged in other
work. Clerical forces and others on
gagged i'm scdentary employment will he
assured under the new plan that those
associated with them are physically
sound. and in large Offices this is re-
garded as Of great importance as a
safeguard to health.
by taking this precaution at the time
employment Is entered upon, not only
VIII II improve the general health OF
the force. but it will AUTOMATICALLY
raise the standard OF efficiency. Incl
dent TO the examining OF prospective
employees members OF the medical board
VIII observe the general health Of the
force.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
HOW STEAM ENGINE DEVELOPED
ono oh tho Day,a Best Csrtonn.

Probably no museum collection In
the world better illustrates the develop
ment OF tho steam engine, particularly
the locomotive. than the exhibit of tho
United States National Museum at
Washington, which includes two of the
earliest original locomotives and nu-
merous models and accessories
The history OF tho steam engine liz
matcrialistic romance without par
aiIei in the record of human achieve
lncnts. 1t covers the stupendous and
persistent efforts of many early phil
osoph"rs and mechanics who found
steam mysterious. uncontrollab bic
force aud LEFT II Il comprehensive, con
trollabie factor OF public service. The
steam eng inc has been termed the most
successful invention ever brought into
use for converting the potential energy
OF coal into mechanical work.
No one knows how long after IL was
observed that by holding down tho
lid Of Kettle of boiling liquid Il Ger
tain force was created due to the com
preston OF the steam before any use
was attempted with this newly discov-
cred force. although II was probably a
great number Of years. 1t is certain.
however that 4 sort OF steam engine
was exhibited in Alexandria, Egypt
about 200 years before our era began
ana II WAS described in work on
pncumatics by Hero OF Aleyandria
written between 100 and 1870 u. G. This
machine was rotary affair, more
theoretical than practical as were
many OF the results or philosophy in
those days. y reconstruction OF this
cngin. in model form is i'm tho museum
exhibits, which conception shows II to
be not unlike Greek aeojipile, de-
signed "a little later. Neither OF these
machines, however. was much more
than mechanical toy. although the
latter type is said to have been prac-
tichlly applied much later on FOR turn
ing roasting spit.
known In 1000.
Nothing more is to he found concern
ing the steam engine for centuries a
fact which is no doubt due 10 the lack
OF interest in anything which did not
nave 10 do with war or warlike imple-
ments. The philosophers we're practic-
ally forced 10 devote their time to de-
signing military appliances, while the
writers recorded the achievements OF
the same. a book published in Rome in
1929 gives "A description of Giovanni
Branca'a crude steam engine, showing
II To have been am elementary steam
turbine, with tho sole defect that il
lacked any appliances for making tho
steam follow the vancs, or buckets. of
tho revolving wheel. so that more OF Its
energy might have been converted into
useful work. One author in treatise
on locomotives claims that had some
genius improved upon this early device
rcciprocatinG engines would probably
never have been Invented. but that we
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
Cost Of Living in Berlin

Interesting facts OF the cost Of living
in Berlin under war conditions are
given in the weekly report pubiis shed
In the German capital by the American
Association OF Commerce and Trade
The scientific care which the govern
ment has used In arriving at the
amount OF food resources is pointed out
and a list OF prices given which shows
marked advances In very few OF the
ordinary commodities purchased at re-
tall in the local market.
The actual character Of the German
bread distribution has been misunder-
stood In some quarters In America"
says this publication. although all
flour and grain has been seized by the
government In order to determine the
actual supply on hand, such confsca-
ton had in view only it's proper distri-
button through the official channels.
The amount OF bread per capita avail
able until the next harvest and ar
rived at by dividing the supply on hand
by the number Of people is now 1900
grams or $50 pounds, and 200 grams
Hour
Therefore this weekly amount of
bread represents no offhand figure, but
is the result OF n careful Investigation
and will safeguard the supply until the
next harvest"
The prices which the weekly report
presents are described as retail prices
in Greater Berlin, differing from quota
tons in other cities, only in a few COM
modities and very slightly in them.
Bread. for example, in loaves weighing
four pounds, made OF rye with 3 per
cent potato flour. sells now for II
cents. as compared with - cents paid
before the war for q rye bread loaf
weighing 3.5 pounds. and containing no
potato flour White rolls are the same
price as formerly, but they now contain
10 per cent of rye. and weigh &c
ounces, instead OF 35 ounces. War
flour costs cents 4 pound.
Among the commodities which are
quoted at exactly the same prices as
were asked before the war, arc butter
at 20 cents n pound, sugar at cents.
milk ut cents 4 quart. and beef at "a
cents Il pound. Lard has gonc up from
90 to "a cents n pound, eggs from . to
cents each, bacon from 81 to "a cents
a pound. Mutton. veal and pork have
each advanced from "a cents to 25
cents pound.
Those comodities which, 1t appears,
have felt the effects Of war most are
coffee Mt 40 cents a pound instead Of "a,
potatoes at % cents q bushel inst cad of
Is as formerly. Rice has doubled In
price to IA cents n pound, split peas
have more than doubled from s to II
cents a pound. and lcntils have dono
likewise. going from TO 10 cents q
pound.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
The Voice Of the People
reply to "a working Woman"

To the Editor OF The Times Dispatch:
edition. signed = Working Woman 80 should ";i5
like to say that the home for working girls
south Cherry street is under the auspices Of the
Suffrage League. The Social Service Federation
is composed of representatives from almost every
woman's organization in the city, and it's object
is clearly expressed in It's name There are
many suffraG;ts in the fcderati ion, just there
are in all movements where the bettcrmcnt OF
existing conditions is the object but there are
with the cause OF equal suffrage.
If the antisuffraSsts should determine
Withdraw their financial support from every
organization where equal sufrragists were both
interested and influential. there would he gen
eral Bankruptcy In all the churches and charita-
BILE organizations throughout the world. The
work are not doing because they suf-
fraEists, but because they are Christians. and
they are cndeavoring to conduct their enter
surprise tendency belittle their under
takings.
In soliciting house furnishings and money from
the creed. political religious Of this boarding
boarding home for working girls who are
unable 10 make large wages and whom we hone
to help by giving them a com Portable respectable
home for n $40 per week There several
for more and more of them. The Social Service
Federation realized this need, and the oppor-
commodious house at zoo South Cherry. They
seized the opportunity and started the home in
all good faith We do not regret il, have
so far made home for sixteen girls. and every
time acquire another bed. there is girl
ready to fill it, and she has not ask ed UP to this
time whether 1t Is sheeted by suffragist
the donor to his her beliefs in that matter,
but have been thankful for the kind and Chris
tian spirit which 1nk promP n the gift
Richmond, April 1915
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
NIIppIIIkARY.o


ITO meet several requests. the song Tip
pcrary," Is given below.1
Up to mighty London came an freshman one
day:
AS the streets are paved with gold sure ev'ry
gay;
Singing songs of Piccadilly, Strand and Leices-
ter Square
Till Paddy got excited. then he shouted to them
there
CHORUS
Its long way to Tpperary. it's long way
to go;
It's long way to Tipperary. to the sweetest
girl know.
Good-by, Piccadilly; farewell. Leicester Square;
It's long, long way to Tpperary but my
hearts right there
Paddy wrote al letter 10 his Irish Molly O.
Saying, should you not receive IT, write and
let know
"It make mistakes in spelling Molly. dear"
said hc
Remember. it's the pen that's bad; don't lay
the blame on me-"
Molly wrote neat reply TO Irish Paddy O.
Saying, mike Maloney wants TO marry mo- and
Leave the Strand and Piccadilly. or youll be
to blame,
For love has fairly drove me silly, hoping
you're the same"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17

be added such technical training In military
affairs as knowledge of shooting. we should
get what we want at the least cost The
whole young manhood OF the nation might
be trained for possible service i'm the field
without compulsion, long and dreary rcgu-
lar military training or the creation OF II war
spirit. Let some organizer tell us just how
l. should be done.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
4 seaxonnble E.pIan,t,o,.

Every woman wants ~ new hat that
makes her look better than she look d
In her old hat, which was more fascI-
mating than the ono she had before.
and so on, back to tho time she was
an angel In appearance. Hence, the
difficulty OF finding hat to suit.-To-
ledo (OD BLADE
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
Lots of Other Money Zoo


with the exchange rate for Villas
paper money at SIC Mexican for. 81
American, Villa probably feels that he
Is doing pretty well. and anyway no can
tell Mr.. Bryan that it is better than
16 to /.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
lie Left Suddenly.

There was a man in our
town
Who looked down n
guns bore
Observe the past tense
Is employed:
He's III our town no
more.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
Victim of a British Joke

I ERE in this favored land we are accus-
1 toned TO chucke somewhat cyncally
over what we conceive to be the ineptitudes
OF British humor. Frequently we are not
able 10 appreciate its blunted and too-obvious
point. 1t has remained for the Baltimore
Evening Sun, however, to be caught by a
characteristic BIT of Britannia 'spoofng"
In its issue preceding All Fools Day, the
Sketch, a London illustrated weekly pub
iishcd IA series OF alleged photographs, includ-
ing one Of IL new howitzcr just completed at
the krupp Works al Essen. This monster
was described as possessing eight barrels,
GiSchar2ing bouquet" OF shells weighing
nearly 60 tons, and having an effective
range of thirty-two miles. The photo
graph" showed this giant howitzer under
going inspection by the German Emperor
II seems scarce credible, but the Evening
sun fell for it, printing three-column
reproduction on its front page. artlcssiy re-
printing also the Sketch's norid description.
labelling its find ''rhc Kaiscrs Eight-Lecged
Boot and taking care to point out the posi-
sion Of the German war lord in the illus
tration.
II must have been that the Evening Sun
did not read its Sketch with proper care. for
accompanying the photographs" appeared
the following diagram of the joke: "All the
photographs i'll this supplement have been
submitted TO the noncensor, who has no OBJ
lection 10 their publication. To appreciate
these photographs thoroughly, it is necessary
for our readers 10 abstain from looking at
them until April l."
The Evening Sun, evidently permitted that
lateiul day TO pass before making its inspec-
ton. When it did look II was too late
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
.Antitip
Measure
Up Again

10 walters, BARRIERS or the
~ 'S' ployees of any public service cor
poration engaged in the trans
portation of passengers. The penalty for a
violation Of the law is a fine of from So to sos
The tipping evil is. OF course. great nuisance
nut whether 1t is one that be abolished
or abatcd by law is extremely doubtful. Ger
ianly II is going far to fine supposedly free
American citizen for giving away his money.
Ana IT is not well to make crimes or msde-
mc:nors of acts that in themselves
wrong. OF course. it is true that a tip is in a
certain sense. bride. and the who tips
expects 10 get better service than he who does
not tip. but who still pays what 1t supposed to
he ample TO bring good service That there is
this element in the transaction cannot be de-
MED And yet ii would be ridiculous to say that
a waiter. And it Is doubtful whether law
forbiddng him to do this be sustained 1t
s not probable that there will be many CON
victions under il. The great objection to the
Tip was long ago formulated by Professor
Sumner when he said that "a free man can
take no tips" The practice is undenocratic and
hostile TO that liberty and equality that should
prevail among free peoples II this is true
the remedy seems to lie in education, rather
than in legislation. However, the Wisconsin
experiment will he watched with interest II is
not, n we remember rightly tho first Of its kind
one other objection to the system should be
mentioned, and that Is its hold-up feature
Many-perhaps moat-peopc tip because they
virtually demands right what ought 10 be
regarded as n gratuty--a sort of freawill offer
ing to be withheld or bestowed az the patron
chooses. The Wisconsin law is really lerisla-
ton In aid OF the cowardicc of human nature
Indianapolis News
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
Something OF IL Speciality


DO YOU think Jinks will make a success OF
his new Vonture"'
What is it,"
lite haas gone into tho business of selling
clocks To the government
oh. he'll shine AT hat. lie never had Il bit
Of trouble In passiu. the time"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
SONGS AND SAWS
Just for n Change.

Mary. Mary. oh. SO contrary.
Why don't YOU can that song?
We know it's far to Tippcrary--
We know your facts aren't wrong
But can't YOU. dear. contrivc to vary
This panS we've borne so long?
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17
Chats With Virginia Editors

me Halifax Record Advertiser says: "Ac-
corning TO figures of the Auditor, Halifax will
gam about 5000 under segregation Most of
the counties gain and cities will lose
heavily Ii has been charged that the eris-
iators first found If their respectiye
districts would lose or gain, then ignored the
states welfare and fought sel.ishlv for their
own people. Just one among the many unjust
criticisms If poor lcrislators'' Lawmakers
are supposed to leg!slate for Tie whole r.o
pie: therefore II cannot be unjust cr.rlci.n.
when notice is taken OF their excessive nronc
ness To do local stunts.
splendid sermon by the Louisa vreinian
II as io!i"ws: People don't spend enough time
thcse days fishing. That's honest convic-
ton some people spend all their time fishing
1t is true, but there so many others who
spend half their limc whiting sticlJ.. talking
petty pohtics or doing other things which tax
their minds TO equally as great an extent, And
there Is still another class who work so hard
ana are so continually confined that they don't
nave any time for recreation at all When a
man happens TO catch a nice string, he is proud
OF himself, and n better citizen for weeks after
wards ON, how some of US of the last class
named would love practice what the vir-
snan so eloquenty breaches:
Referring to the recent organization OF
strong commercial association in its town, and
the enthusiastic spirit of cooperation shown
by the people. the South Boston News saws.
Watch South Boston grow as never before
NV sPi'l IL III inc people, as we'll the will,
90 something. Get on the band wagon the
music has begun. parade is ready TO start
l'Gsh' energy, pluck and grit. coupled with the
stay-on-the- job will bring success We are on
the map That's the way TO talk it,
The Chatham Enterprise is fixing to get a
fight Oh its hands. That paper says when he
comes and says, 4 heard n man say tell him
ne Is liar or a meddler. 1t is something which
he wants to say himself, else he wants to
start some scandal and wants to nut the re-
Sp"hsipiiilE on others because he has the
manhood TO assume the blame. He is danger
Gus; beware OF him"
The Roanoke Times says: "Consdcrinr the
ElloouO in gifts announced at the Founders
Day exercises OF the University Of Virginia we
suggest that hereafter the 0 be left out of the
days name Not very bad idea If there is
any certainty that 1t would have the desired
effect.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17

There Are Many of Them.
some men think they arc building up
the country by loafins all around 1t
and telling folks how the government
ought to run it-Atianta Constitution.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1915-04-17

The anniversary OF Lincom's
u,,,;,,oro assassination has become n day
IT.. w., which the South meets the
,,o" vi North In complete sympathy
ihhcoih and understanding. There wns
scarcely less horror in the former
than in the attcr at blow that threatened
FAR more disastrous consequences to the Southern
than to the Northern people. Fifty years ago
however Lincoln not understood and APP