davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
SUN Does NOT Draw WATER,
So Another Rain SIGN FAILS Us

at sunrise. The morning phenomenon
gave rise to the classical description of
the ''rosy-fngered dawn"
The technical name of these fanlike
beams is "crepuscular rays" rarer phe-
nomenon is that of "anticrepuscular
rays which appear to converge toward
a point on the horizon opposite the sun.
Crepuscular rays are sometimes called
"diverging beams" and anticrepuscular
rays 'converging beams" though the ex-
pressions ''diverging" and converting"
are necessarily relative terms.
One of the most picturesque legends
connected with the solar beams is that
told in the islands of the South Pacific,
where the beams are known as the ropes
of Maui" 1t is related that in former
times the sun-god, Ra. was not so regular
in his habits as he is today In fact. he
caused the South Sea Islanders much an
noyance by setting in the morning, or
at noon. or at other inopportune times.
just when his light was needed for the
daily tasks of mankind.
The great hero Maui undertook to cure
him Of these erratic habits, and the first
step was to make the sun-god prisoner.
This was accomplished by laying series
OF six snares. made of strong cocoanut
fiber. along the suns path in the sky
When the deity next rose from Avaiki, or
the land Of ghosts, the first moose encir-
cled him. but slipped down and only
caught his feet: the second slipped. too,
but caught the sun-god's knees: the third
caught around his hips.
Still Ra pressed on. scarcely hampered
by these contrivances. The fourth moose
frightened around his waist. the fifth un-
der his arms. and finally the sixth and
last caught him around the neck and al
most strangled him. Then the sun-god
confessed himself vanquished, and. in
fear Of his life, promised Maui that he
would in future adjust his daily Journeys
more in accordance with the comfort and
convenience of mortal men.
Ra was then allowed to proceed on his
way, but Maui prudently declined to take
off the ropes. which may still be seen
hanging from the sun at dawn, and when
he descends into the ocean at night
Hence the islanders say. when they be-
hold the beams radiating from the sun.
"Tena te laura Maui"-"See the ropes
of Maui"
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22

ANOTHER popular fantasy of youth
~ has been shattered. The sun does
NOT draw water! So, also, fails
another local weather sign. although
when beams are seen radiating from the
sun it is a sign that the air is moisture
laden and likely as not to produce rain.
But the sun is not drawing water" soon
to be drenched forth on a parched earth.
The beams seen radiating toward the
sun and commonly supposed to be mois-
ture being sucked up by the sun. are in
reality merely the passage of the sun
light through clouds already formed.
The dark lines are cloud-shadows; the
bright lines. sunbeams made visible by
the presence of dust or drops of water
in the air-like the sunbeams seen in
dusty room. The beams and shadows are
really parallel. their apparent CONVEX
e nee or divergence being the effect Of
perspective. AS rule, the hazy condi-
ton of the air that renders the beams Wis
ible indicates an active conden sation of
moisture and therefore has some value
as a prognostic of rain.
phenomenon of similar origin is
often seen when the sun is below the
horizon. In this case a fanlike sheaf of
beams is seen spreading upward: lines Of
blue alternating with the pink of the
western sky at sunset, or the eastern sky
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
ost REMARKABLE Of Migratory BIRDS About
to BECOME
EXTINCT

Unless immediate and radical action
is taken by the governments OF two
~ widely separated countries, one OF
the most remarkable and picturesque
members of the bird families will soon
become extinct. The United States alone
cannot save the Eskimo curlew; it must
have the hearty cooperation of the Ar
gentine republic.
The Eskimo curlew is chiefly remarka-
BILE for its long annual migration: only
two other birds exceed the distance COW
cred every year by the curlew and Meth
er of these birds ever existed in the enor-
nous numbers the curlew did until lew
wears ago The curlew's migration COW
ers an elipse 5000 miles long and 1000
miles wide This feat is surpassed only
by the knot and the tern.
The arctic tern, which holds all bird
records for long distance fight. nests on
the land nearest the north pole ana an
nuallv takes an aerial cruise to the edge
of the antarctic pack. a thousand miles or
more beyond the southern tip of South
America Another champion flyer is the
knot, which breeds also near the north
pole and spends his winters in bleak Pat
egonia or even more distant Terra del
Fuego. distance of $500 miles sep
arates the knots summer and winter
habitats.
But neither the knot nor the tern ever
were as numerous as were the curlews un-
til few wears ago. They used to travel
in enormous foCks. in closer forma ton
than the German army, fact which had
much to do with their near-eNtermlnatlon.
The principal breeding range of the cur
lew was on the Barren Grounds near the
arctic coast in the northern part of the
Canadian province of Mackenzie. The
birds wintered for the most part in the
campos region of southern Argentina and
northern Patagonia. AS soon as the
fedglings were large enough to care for
themselves, old and young fastened to
the coast of Labrador to feast on the So
called "curlew berries. After a few
weeks OF gorging they few across the
Gulf of St. Lawrence to Nova Scotia and
thence launched out over the ocean for
2.4OO-mile fight. Reaching South Amer
lea they crossed the eastern part OF Bra
zil to their winter resort in Patagonia.
In spring the whole course OF their mi
grafton was abandoned and the curlews
made their way north by a route some
thousands of miles farther west over the
prairies of the Mississippi valley. Here
the bird was abundant and we'll known. 1t
arrived in Texas in early March and jour
neyed at a leisurely pace toward the
breeding grounds. being common in April
from Kansas to South Dakota.
These enormous focks now exist only
In memory: scarcely a dozen individual
birds have been seen in the last dozen
years. The cause of their disappearance
is not far to seek. The Eskimo curlew
was undisturbed by human foes during
the whole of its summer sojourn in the
arctic, and only small percentage were
shot on the Labrador coast; but after
arriving in Argentina in the middle OF
September. for a FIVE months stay. the
birds scattered over the pampas and were
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
Fa|IArmyWorm
lsADVANCING
NOrthWard on
Its Annual RAID
THE fall amy worm. which is march
ing northward from Texas and

THE fall amy worm, which Is march
ing northward from Texas and
Louisiana, is leaving a wake OF
stripped cornstalks and bare sorghum
fields. Before winter sets in and ef1ec-
tually destroys the pest for the year. the
fall army worm may be expected in all
the northern states. 1t is one of the
most destructive of pests the farmer has
to contend with.
The fall army worm, when very young.
is nearly black. 1t grows rapidly, ulti-
mately obtaining a length Of about l a
inches. At this stage the body is striped
on a ground varying in color from a pale
yellowish brown to black, more or less
streaked and intermixed with dull yellow.
On each side there is a broad, yellow.
undulating line, more or less strongly
notified with red. 1t closely resembles
the common army worm and owes its
name to the fact that, originating in the
south, is makes its way northward as
the season advances, attacking fresh
vegetation of almost every sort that it en-
counters on its way.
Ordinarily there are from three to
four or even five generations of the fall
army worm in the course of year. The
worms, when full grown. descend an inch
or two into the ground in order to pass
emerging as the adult moths which lay
the eggs for the next generation Of
worms. This habit of descending into
the ground to enter pupation is of great
importance in the control of the pest.
Shallow cultivation will destroy from so
to 80 per cent of the insects pupating at
any time, the efficiency of the measure
depending upon the thoroughness with
which the work is done. In alfalfa the
use Of the spiked-tooth harrow or the
alfalfa cultivator is best unless it is
known that disking is not injurious to
the plants. Cultivation of the ground
between the rows of corn has been found
to destroy nearly all of the pupae, there
by preventing the development of an
other generation.
When fields are threatened with inva-
sion, but have not as vet become actual
ly infested, a deep furrow should be
plowed out around the entire circum-
ference of the field. Into this furrow
the advancing worms will fall. They
may then be killed by dragging a heavy
log through the furrow, or. in sections
where irrigation is possible. the furrow
may be filled with water and a small
quantity of kerosene sprinkled over the
surface. This will kill the worms al
most instantly.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
IS First Born
INFERIOR?
Experts Have
Different Ideas
XPERTS on children. eugenists. hered

XPERTS on children. eugenists. hered-
itists and just plain scientists are
waging a more or less merry war
over the status of the first born child.
Professor Karl Pearson stirred up a veri-
table hornets nest by his recent article
intending to prove that first born children
are inferior mentally, morally and phys
ically. Other experts, it seems, do not
agree with him, in whole or in part.
DR.. Charles Gilmore kerley, of New
York, who is listed as 'pediatric special
list" and is connected with innumerable in
situations for babies, comes forth with the
conviction that first born children are in
ferior physically, but not mentally or
morally. This is some slight consolation
to those of US who were the first born, but
unfortunately pediatry and psychopathy do
not agree DR.. Menas S. Gregory. a we'll
known psyChopathist, begs to state that
the first born child is liable to be inferior
mentally. but not morally or physically.
This is less solace to the first born.
But a champion Of the sorely maligned
frst-born has been found in G. Hardy
Clark, of Iowa, who in a recent speech at
the Child Welfare Bureau of the Panama
Pacific Exposition fat-footedly declared
that the best characteristics OF both par
ents were always to be found in the first
born. When you marry, choose the old
est child in the family and you will never
make mistake" was Mr.. Clarks own
particular advice to the lovelorn.
1t is notable, however. that none of the
other experts back up their conviction
with the rows and columns of statistics
furnished by Professor Pearson. who is
connected with the University of London.
Figures from many countries and includ-
ing many races apparently prove. at least
to Professor Pearson's satisfaction. that
the frst-born has but poor chance in this
world Now that the distin guished Iowan
has reduced the problem of heredity to
one of marriage. it was sagely observed by
strictly neutral commentator that the
world at large will go on its tranquil way
marrying and giving in marriage under the
wise guidance of tempered and regulated
impulse
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
Livestock in Alaska

Livestock has not received as much
attention as crop production in Alaska.
but enough has been done to show that
there are considerable possibilities in
this line. Grasses grow luxuriantly in
the interior valleys. and forage crops of
various kinds can be grown successfully
in all parts of the territory. One handi-
cap. however. is the difficulty of curing
forage in the damp weather generally
prevailing. 1t is proposed to meet this
difficulty in part at least by the use Of
sllOs.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
lually a mark for hungry sports

continually a mark for hungry sports
men.
Later, from early March to early May.
the flocks were beset by gunners on the
Texas and Kansas prairies. AS long as
the Argentina campos and the United
states prairies we're the home Of the cat
tleman, the Eskimo curlew lessened in
numbers only gradually: but lately. es-
pecially since 1880, with its winter home
in Argentina changed to a great wheat
field, and its favorite prairie sod in our
west converted into thickly populated
farm lands. no chance for life has been
left to the curlew.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
The Raisin State

Practically all the raisins and dried
grapes produced in the United States are
California products. According to the
last census the production of raisins and
dried grapes over the whole of the
country amounted to 169.245, 101 pounds,
and of this total California furnished
69,210,679 pounds. 1t is estimated that
there are now 10000 acres planted to
raisin grapes in California. In 1913 the
raisin production was estimated at 130,
900. 900 pounds, and in 1914 at 96,000.-
600 pounds.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
Electricity on Farms

Rural distribution of electric current has
made great advances in the last two years
In some communities the farmers have
financed local distribution systems. taking
current from the nearest cross-country
transmission line at one point and retail
ing it among themselves. In other COM
munities individual farmers find it desir-
able to pay for lines directly from the
power plant to the farm. Other electric
companies install the connection and re-
quire yearly minimum use proportionate
to the investment in the line extension.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22

OF all the birds which adopt this MI
grafton route, the Eskimo curlew SUI
fered most from mans onslaught, prob
ably because Of its habit Of congregattng
in close fiocks instead Of the loose, strag-
Cling parties Of its migration companions.
Audubon noticed this popularity on the
Labrador coast and says that when the
birds were feeding on the ground they
kept SO close together that half q dozen
could be killed at a single shot, and that
when they started in flight the whole
flock gathered in q bunch, thus giving
still further opportunity for Wholesale
slaughter.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
Electric Plant
in Arctic Circle

THE "farthest north" electric plant is
being constructed at Mount Hope. 100
miles north of the arctic circle. There
are 400 persons at this place and the
plant is being built by one Of the missions.
The darkness at Mount Hope is intense
during the long arctic night and the cleo
trio plant will supply power for both light
and heat. Engineers at the University Of
Pennsylvania will design the equipment.
The electricity will be generated by
wind power. as the wind at Mount Hope
is steady and seldom falls below twenty
miles An hour.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22

many and Austria-Hungary whence
ordinarily we draw nigh onto Y mil
lion tons. are no longer possible
sources of supply: Belgium under the
German heel. Russia blockaded, and
France. never a very large shipper.
had full home need for all the beet
sugar produced at home. Thus Great
Britain has had to depend mainly on
cane sugar for current wants.
The article goes on to revieWS British
efforts to secure an adequate supply Of
sugar. literally securing the world for
the purpose. It is pointed out that at
the present time the British authorities
are looking chiefly to Cuba, South Amer
lea. Mexico. the Malay countries and
southeast Asia to make up the defcien-
cies in its supply.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22


Of
a ad
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22

Not only has Porto Rico and Cuba
found an outlet for all its sugar. new
and accumulated. but the demands of
Europe are taxing all the product of the
western hemisphere, we in the United
States are facing further rise in sugar
prices and the cane industry of Porto
Rico and Cuba is basking in an unpre-
cedented prosperity that will endure un-
til the war-stricken fields Of Europe are
once more rent by the pillow instead Of
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
Landmark Restored

An old Long Island landmark which was
used as a paper mill almost a century ago
and later was favorite haunt Of William
Cullen Bryant is to be restored by the
poets son-in-law, Harold Goodwin. The
original was blown down about five years
ago. The new mill will generate cleo
tricity for Roslyn park. recently purchased
BY the town of Hampstead
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22

at angles of approximately sixty degrees
with the horizon. 1t is claimed that when
the wind strikes the strips, the snow will
be detected downward around the for
ward end of the device on one side of
the track and up under the strips on the
other side.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
Porto Rico SAVED; ENTIRE
World Now Looks to America
for Its SUPPLY of SUGAR


" American
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22

The value Of all the gold produced in
the United States from 1892 to January
l. 1914, is estimated by the United States
Geological Survey at s3.5 400: the
value of the silver at s1,709. SIT. 500.
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
PREVENTS Snow
DRIFTS on Track

TO prevent the drifting Of snow in rail-
road cuts, is the object of an inven-
ton patented by Benjamin F. Swezey.
Of Bellingham. Mimi. The device consists
of framework of notched beams running
parallel with the sides Of the railroad cut.
In the notches are placed strips extending
The Washington herald., 1915-08-22
INVENTORS BUSY on IMPROVED TRACTION Wf1EELSE

and designs submitted
o he
One of novel of wheel patented
l. of of
groun at
prina fol Traction nipple
of
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1915-04-08
FRENCH SHIP SUNK;
IS Of CREW PERISH
Steamer Emma Torpedoed by
German Submarine.
8 LOST ON BRITISH SHIP
Steamer Seven Seas Destroyed-Dutch
Vessel Carrying Oil Seized by
British Cruiser-charged
With Aiding Enemy.

London, April 3.-Two steamers
were added on Thursday to the toll of
those sunk by submarines and mines
in the course of the German blockade.
The French steamer Emma, bound
from DundaIk, Ireland, to HaVre, was
torpedoed and sank in three minutes
u miles off Beachey Head. Nineteen
Of her crew of q persisted.
The small steamer Seven Seas was
also torpedoed and sunk six miles off
Beachey Head, presumably by the
same submarine. Eight men are re-
ported drowned. The Seven Seas was
owned by Leach & Co. of London.
The periscope of the submarine
hardly had been sighted from the EN-
ma when the torpedo from the under
seas boat struck the Emma in the en-
CINE. No warning of any kind was
given. The ship foundered in three
minutes from the time it was struck.
A British destroyer subsequently
picked up two men who had been in
the water for couple of hours, and
at the same time recovered two
bodies.
A dispatch to the Exchange Tele-
graph company from New Haven, a
port in the English channel in Sus-
sex, says a large Dutch cargo boat,
the Lodewijk Van Nassau, has been
brought into New Haven by two Brit
ish torpedo boats under the suspicion
that it has been supplying German
submarines with fuel oil. ...
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1915-04-08
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
MARKET REPORTS
Observation-Disclosures
Milwaukee. Anril 2 1918

~@~N~' N~NkAC1s u u II 4J1O.
Butter = Creamery, extras, 2Sc;
prints, 29c; firsts, 25@26c; seconds,
22Q2Sc; renovated, 21A@22e; dairy.
fancy, &c.
Cheese-American, full cream, new
made twins, 141a 015c; Young Ameri-
cas-, 15Q151ac; daisies, 150151kc;
longhorns, 15Q151ac; Iimburger fancy,
15h@16c.
Eggs-Current receipts fresh as to
quality, 161a@17c; recandled, extras,
1871 019c; seconds, 14615c.
Live Poultry-Fowls, 1615@17c;
ROSTERS, lie; springers, fancy, 171ac.
Wheat-No. 1 northern, 1909; No. 2
northern, 1.47@149; No. northern,
I.5O0l.4; No. I velvet, 149@150.
Corn-No. 3 yellow, Tic.
Oats-No. 8 white. 57057Kc: stand
ard, 5S15@59 No. white, 52@57l4c.
Barley-No. 3, 76@79c; No. 4, 700
nc; Wisconsin, 73079c.
Rye-No. l, 1T.
Potatoes-Wisconsin or Minnesota,
red stock, on track. 38636c; white
stock, $4,000.
Hay-No. l timothy, 13.5001400;
No. timothy, 1L5O0125O; clover and
clover mixed, 115O@13.OO; heavy red
top and grassy mixed, 10.O0010.50; rye
straw, S.250S.9O; oat straw, 100000
Hogs-Good heavy butchers, $500
SIS; fair to best light, 6.5O@6,S5; pigs,
5,5O06.OO
Cattle-Butchers' steers, 5.0O0S.O0a
feeders, 45O@5.75; cows. S.OO06.O0;
heifers, 4.75Q6.5O; calves, 9.5OQ1O25.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1915-04-08
UNITED STATES THRlVES
DURING WORLD CRISIS
Business Advances Extending From
the Atlantic to the Pacific Thrill
the Stock Mart.

Chicago, April Developments
along lines of industrial activities
throughout the United States were
reported in created volume and over
wider territory on Wednesday than
at any time since the first squirt of
business at the beginning of the year.
Reports came from the Montana and
the lake copper districts telling of
the opening of mines and smelling
plants that have been closed or oper-
ating small shifts for months, and
also that wage advances were being
made among miners and other work
ers.
From the steel districts around Chi
cago, in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and else
where similar reports of growing activ-
ity were heard. Dispatches telling of
increased operations in New England
marked the one territorial extreme
and the gains in industries on the
Pacific coast marked the other.
The spirit of improvement in bust
ness and the securities markets was
reflected throughout Chicago business
CIIClSS. bduh6IS anu DuS1uCSS IuSn
concede strong evidences of a sharp
revival in trade and finance. The re-
ports received by them from all quar-
tiers told of greater activities.
Brokers' offices were crowded and
enthusiasm ran high as the stock
market advances seemed to presage
approaching business prosperity.
Bankers and business men say the
great demand the war hast thrust upon
the United States for practically
everything it can produce will bring
great prosperity to this country.
The immense trade balance of near
ly $500, 100000 in favor of the United
States seems to tell the tale Gold
commenced to flow swiftly into this
country and the only check was the
creation of huge credits here by the
powers of the old world that are TAX
ing our merchandise and products Of
every description.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1915-04-08
KAISER AND LEADERS HOLD
WAR COUNCIL IN BERLIN
GoItz Discuss Situation-Darda-
neIIes Defense Said to Be Safe.

London, April 1.-Germany's next
move in the military feld-because
some stroke either in the East or
West is expected before the allies at
tempt their spring advance-is at
present the chief subject of specula-
ton and conjecture.
According to reports reaching here
is now at Berlin holding a war council
with Field Marshal Won der Goltz, the
German military commander of Con-
stantinople, and other leaders, and is
planning a new campaign to offset
the fall of Przemysl and to meet the
situation in the Dardanelles.
There has been nothing of an out
standing nature in either theater of
the land operations since the surren-
der of the Austrian fortress. Fight
ing, fierce but indecisive, is raging in
the Carpathians and there has been
a succession of battles in northern
Poland in which both sides claim to
have been victorious.
The official German statement of
Tuesday asserts that 1000 Russians
were killed and 5000 captured in an
engagement at Krasnopol. In the
German occupation of Tauroggen, it
is claimed that 1000 prisoners were
taken. Russian attacks at other
points are said to have been repulsed.
The latest statement from the Pet
rograd war office is that the German
offensive movement in this region has
been checked.
The Austrians admit the Russians
have assumed a vigorous offensive in
the Carpathians, but insist all their
attacks have been repulsed