Evening star., 1915-01-10

in the preparation of all of her bureaus
bulletins to address them to the aver
age mother Of the country, and, fol-
lowing out this thought, the new bulle-
tin has been written in simple. non
technical language. There has been no
purpose to invade the field Of the medi-
cal and nursing professions. but only
to furnish such statements Regarding
hygiene and normal living as. In MISS
Lathrop's opinion. every mother has a
right to possess in the interest of her
self and her children.
AS result of the governments in
veslisa'lon OF the "centralization' or
consolidation of
ConsoI1datlon OF schools" idea, many
RuraI School. states in all parts
of the country have
requested the federal bureau of edu-
cation to send an expert who would
give advice on the ground on the
working out Of the plan which will put
an end to the little red schoolhouse on
the hill taught by one teacher. Ac-
cordingly A. c. Monahan, specialist in
rural education in the United States
bureau of education, has been sent on
a d tour OF various states and, in re-
sponse to invitations, will address,
many Of the legislatures on the advan.
tages of consolidated schools
educational experts in recent years
nave pointed out that the consolidated
the old-time plan Of having one teacher
IN number of poorly equipped schools
scattered over country districts. in that
.ne larger school, which could be de-
veloped and maintained by consoIids-
ton of several small ones. made ~ nos.
siple to secure better educattonal IA
c!ii.ies: ana secondly decreases cost of
eode educati0n @ greatly in the school dis
hasdw,H trsed Inc - movement has gained much
ent names. In some places the term
used Is union schools" or Centralized
schoois, instead of consolidated
The plan is simply to divide the conn
Try on into districts of ten or twelve
square miles of territory. II the areas
OF school districts are no larger than
rn1s+ ra1s ana the school is centrally located
out, no child will have an excessive
distance to walk, because in q SQUARE
District containing an area of twelve
square suana miles the greatest distance
school located in the center is approIi.
mately two and half miles, and four
nfths OF the territory. 1t has been esti-
a,a,o' mated' Is within one and three-q larter
states which have adopted the consoIi-
dated school idea have estabiisbad
much larger school districts and have
PROVIDED for the maintenance Of teams
school. o' 'iie
In his trip over the country DR.. Mon
ahan will tell what has been done in
1he various states in increasing the ef-
costs so that each community NAV he
able to get the advantage Of every
thing which has been learned in ofhsr
snt1ao sections s. OF IT. the country toward the So
luton OF the rural school problem.
An per cent increase in efficiencv In
the utilization of the energy or coal
will cut in two the cost
fuel OF fuel used in Amer
Econo,nv lean industries and save
manufacturers Of this
country at least $15o.ooo,ooo each year.
This information has been developed by
Harry c. Porter. chemical. engineer of
the United States bureau of mines, in
study of efficiency in the use of coal.
The increase of 8 per cent in the uti1i
zation of the energy of coal for indus
trial fuel is entirely possible, accord
ing to Mr.. Porter. through the use of
appliances known today to practically
all manufacturers, and also the use of
the gas producer and gas engine. Fur
ther economies in the use Of coal are
pointed out by Mr.. Porter in the manu-
facture Of coke, and II all Of this fuel
produced In the United States last year
had been made In the modern by-prod-
uct ovens, such as the Germans use,
more than $S0.0o0,000 worth of by-prod-
ucts might be saved each year, and at
the same time there would be saving
of $10,000,000 in the higher yield Of
coke.
Mr.. Porter says that It would be dis
tinctly worth while for the manufac-
turers of the United States to make
every possible effort to obtain the larg-
utilizing 1t for fuel. Even small in
creases in energy will amount to very
much. he says, when 1t is considered
that last year about 570,000,000 tons of
coal were produced In the United
States. and the bulk of this was con-
annual coal bill is in the neighborhood
of $1,500. 100000 each year. The United
States, at the present time, is far ahead
of all other nations in coal production,
and passed Great Britain, its nearest
competitor, more than sixteen years
much coal as that country. Very little
American coal is exported, and almost
the entire amount is used to meet the
demands of domestic industries.
Mr.: Porter believes that 1t is because
of the abundance Of fuel resources in
this country that manufacturers have
been made careless in working for eff
cheney in the use of coal. He points
out that, while the advantages in the
scientific use of coal are now appre-
in installing fuel-saving appliances has
''eA ''" RAYMOND W. PULLMAN.